A DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC

HANS WEHR

A DICTIONARY OF MODERN WRITTEN ARABIC

EDITED BY J MILTON COWAN

THIRD EDITION

www.data.nur.nu/Kutub

www.alhassanain.org/english

Notice:

This work is puplished on behalf of www.alhassanain.org/english.

The typing errors are not corrected.

Table of Contents

Preface 6

Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition 6

Introduction 7

ا 18

ب 80

ت 164

ث 185

ج 200

ح 269

خ 386

د 459

ذ 520

ر 537

ز 625

س 656

ش 752

ص 829

ض 884

ط 910

ظ 959

ع 968

غ 1081

ف 1126

ق 1197

ك 1310

ل 1382

م 1442

ن 1520

هـ 1646

و 1693

ي 1790

Spoken Language Services, Inc.

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Wehr, Hans (Date)

A dictionary of modern written Arabic.

"An enlarged and improved version of 'Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart' and includes the Contents of the 'Supplement zum Arabischen Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart.' "

1. Arabic language-Dictionaries-English. I. Cowan, J Milton. II. Title. [PJ6640.W43 1976] 492'.7'321 75-24236 ISBN 0-87950-001-8

© Otto Harrauowltz, Wiesbaden 1961, 1066, 1971

© Spoken Language Services, Inc. 1976

Preface

Shortly after the publication of Professor Hans Wehr's Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart in 1952, the Committee on Language Programs of the American Council of Learned Societies recognized its excellence and began to explore means of providing an up-to-date Eng-lish edition. Professor Wehr and I readily reached agreement on a plan to translate, edit, and enlarge the dictionary. This task was considerably lightened and hastened by generous financial support from the American Council of Learned Societies, the Arabian American Oil Company, and Cornell University.

This dictionary will be welcome not only to English and American users, but to orientalists throughout the world who are more at home with English than with German. It is more accurate and much more comprehensive than the original version, which was produced under extremely unfavorable conditions in Germany during the late war years and the early postwar period.

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan

November 1960

Preface to The Pocket-Book Edition

In Order to meet the enormous increase of interest in Arabic brought about by political, economic and social develop-ments of the past decade, we have now published our 3rd Revised Edition of A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic in this handy, comprehensive and unabridged version.

Münster Hans Wehr

lthaca, New York J Milton Cowan

February 1976

Introduction

ا

ا a particle introducing direct and indirect questions; أم - ا a - am in alternative questions; أم - سواء ا sawā’un a - am no matter whether - or; أ و a-wa particle indicating or implying doubt: or? perhaps?(atau/apakah) اَوتشك في ذلك(tašukku) you wouldn't doubt it, would you? do you perhaps doubt it? or do you doubt it? اَلا alā and اَما a-mā intensifying interjections introducing sentences: verily, truly, indeed, oh yes, etc., اَلا فانظروا(fa-nẓurū) oh, do look! why, look! اَما انه(innahū) why, he is !

1 آب āb2 August = Agustus (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)

2 اب see ابو

3 اب abba u to long, yearn, إلى وطنه(ilā waṯanihi) for one's homeland

4 ابيب look up alphabetically

اباتي (It. abate) abātī abbot (Chr.)

ابالة ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale

يا ابت see ابو

ابجد abjad alphabet

ابجدي abjadī alphabetic(al) ; ابجديات elementary facts, simple truths | الحروفالابجدية the letters of the alphabet

ابد abada( ابود ubūd) to stay, linger( ب at a place) ; - i u to roam in a state of wildness, run wild, be shy, shy away, run away (animal, game) II to make lasting or permanent, perpetuate, eternize (هـ s.th.) V to be perpetuated, become lasting or permanentl; to return to a state of wildness

ابد abad pl. آباد ābād endless, eternal duration, eternity; ابدا abadan always, forever; ever, (with neg.) never (in the future), not at all, on no account; (alone, without negation) never! not at all! By no means! | على الأبد، إلى الأبد and أبد الدهر abada d-dahri forever; ابد الآبدين abada l-abadīn and إلى ابد الآبدين ilā abadi l-a. forever and ever

ابدي abadi everlasting, eternal, endless

الابدي al-abadī eternity

ابدي abadīya infinite duration, endless time, eternity

آبد ābid wild, untamed

آبدة ābida pl. اوابد awābid2 unusual thing, prodigious event | اوابد الدنيا a. ad-dunyā the Wonders of the World

مؤبد mu'abbad eternal, endless, everlasting |سجن مؤبد(sijn) life imprisonment

1ابر abara i u(abr) to prick, sting II to pollinate (هـ a palm tree)

ابرة ibra pl. ابر ibar needle, pln; indicator (of an instrument); shot, injection (med.);sting, prick | حقنه ابرة ḥaqanahu ibratan to give s.o. an injection; ابرة الراعى i. ar-rā‘ī geranium (bot.); ابرة مغناطيسية(magnāṯīsīya) magnetic needle; شغل الابرة šug1 al-i. needlework

مئبر mi'bar needlecase; pack needle

2 آبار ābār see بئر

ابريشية abrašīya and ابروشية abrūšīya pl. -āt diocese, bishoprie (Chr.); parish (Chr.)

ابرميس abramīs, ابراميس bream (zool.)

ابريز pure gold

ابريسم ibrīsam, ibrīsim silk

ابريق ibrīq pl. اباريق abārīq2 pitcher, jug

ابريل abril April

ابزن abzan pl. ابازن abāzin2 washbowl

ابزيم ibzīm pl. ابازم abāzim2 buckle, clasp

ابض ubḍ pl. آباض ābāḍ and مأبض ma’biḍ pl. مآبض ma’ābiḍ2 hollow of the knee, popliteal space

ابط V to take or carry under one's arm (هـ s.th.); to put one's arm (هـ, ه around s.o., around s.th.), hold in one's arm (هـ, ه s.th.)

ابط ibṯ pl. آباط ābāṯ m. and f. armpit

ابق abaqa i( اباق ibāq) to escape, run away (a slave from his master)

ابق abaq a kind of hemp

آبق ābiq pl. اباق ubbāq runaway, escaped; a fugitive

1 ابل ibil (coll.) camel

2 ابالة ibāla, ibbāla bundle, bale

ابليز iblīz alluvial deposits (of the Nile)

ابليس iblīs pl. ابالسة abālisa devil, Satan

1 ابن II to celebrate, praise, eulogize (ه a deceased person), deliver a funeral oration (ه in praise of s.o.)

ابنة ubna passive pederasty

ابان ibbān time: ابان ibbāna during, في ابان at the time of, during

تأبين ta’bīn commemoration (of a deceased person) |حفلة تأبين ḥaflat at-t. commemorative celebration (in honor of a deceased person)

مأبون ma’būn catamite; weakling, mollycoddle, sissy; scoundrel

2 ابن see1 بن

ابنوس abnūs ebony

ابه abaha and abiha a(abh) to pay attention (ل , also ب to), heed (ل , also ب s.th.), take notice (ل , also ب of) |امر لا يؤبه له(yu'bahu) an insignificant, unimportant matter V to display proud, haughty manners; to turn away, keep one's distance, remain aloof (عن from), look down (عن upon), think o.s. far above (عن s.o. or s.th.)

ابهة ubbaha splendor, pomp, ostentation, pageantry; pride

اب ab pl. آباء aba' father (also eccl.): ancestor, forefather: يا ابت yā abati O my father! الابوان al-abawān the parents, father and mother; ابونا abūnā reverend father, form of address and title of a priest (Chr). |ابا عن جد aban ‘an jaddin handed down from father to son, as s.th. inherited from forefathers; ابو سعن abū su’n marabou; ابو النوم abū n-naum poppy; ابو الهول abū l-haul the Sphinx; ابو اليقظان abū l-yaqẓān rooster, cock

ابوة ubūwa fatherhood, paternity

ابوي abawī paternal, fatherly

ابونيت ebonite

ابونيه (Fr. abonné) abūneh pl. -āt subscription; subscription card (e.g., for public conveyances, a concert season, etc.)

ابى abā a( اباء ibā’, اباءة ibā’a) to refuse, decline; to turn down, reject, scorn, disdain (هـ s.th.): to deny (على هـ s.o. s.th.) | ابى الا أن يفعله(illā an yaf’alahū) he insisted on doing it; ابى الله إلا أن God willed that V to refuse, decline

اباء ibā’, اباءة ibā’a rejection; dislike, distaste, aversion, disdain; pride

ابي abīy disdainful, scornful: proud, lofty, lofty-minded

آب ābin pl. اباة ubāh reserved, standoffish; unwilling, reluctant, grudging

ابيب abīb the eleventh month of the Coptic calendar

ابيقوري abīqūrī Epicurean

ابيقوري abīqūriya Epicureanism

اترج utrujj and اترنج utrunj citron (Citrus medica; bot.)

آتشجي (Turk. ateşçi) ātešgī fireman, stoker

مأتم ma’tam pl. مآتم ma’ātim2 obsequies, funeral ceremony

1 اتان atān pl. آتن ātun, اتن utun, utn female donkey, she-ass

2 اتون atūn, attūn pl. اتن utun, اتاتن atātīn2 kiln, furnace, oven

اتاوة itāwa pl. اتاوى atāwā duty, tax, tribute

اتوبيس (Fr.) otobīs autobus, bus

اتوماتيكي (Fr.) otomātīkī automatic

اتومبيل boyl lIالى d اتوموبيل (Fr.) otomobīl automobile

اتى atā i (اتيان ityān, اتى aty, مأتاة to come (ه or الى to; على over s.o.), arrive (هـ or الى at); ب اتى to bring, bring forward, produce, advance, accomplish or achieve s.th.; اتى ه ب to bring, give or offer s.o. s.th.; to do, perform (هـ a deed), carry out, execute (هـ e.g., movements); to commit, perpetrate (هـ a sin, a. crime); to mention (على s.th.); to finish off (على s.th., also s.o.); to finish, complete, carry through, dispose, settle, wind up, conclude, terminate, bring to a close (على s.th.); to destroy, annihilate, eradicate, wipe out (على s.th.); to eliminate, carry away, sweep away (على s.th.), do away (على with); to use up, exhaust (also a subject), present exhaustively, in great detail (على s.th.), elaborate (على on s.th.) | كما يأتي as follows; اتى على آخره(ākhirihī) to complete, finish s.th.; to spend or use up the last of s.th.; اتى على الأخضر واليابس to destroy everything, wreak havoc; اتى البيوت من ابوابها s.th. in the right way, knock on the right door;يؤتى من قبل yu’ta min qibali is undermined, weakened, ruined by III to offer furnish, give, afford (ب to s.o. s.th.), provide, supply (ب s.o. with); to be propitious, be favorable (ه for s.o.), favor (ه s.o.); to turn out well (. for s.o.), be in favor (ه of); to suit, befit, become (ه s.o.), be appropriate (ه for s.o.); to agree (ه with s.o.; food) |اتاه كل شيء(kullu šai’in) everything was in his favor, turned out well for him, came his way IV to bring (هـ s.o. s.th.); to give (هـ s.o. s.th.); to grant (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), bestow (هـ upon s.o. s.th.) |آتى الزكاة(zakāta) to give alms V to originate, stem, derive, spring, arise, result (عن from); to end (عن with), result (عن in); to get (الى to), arrive (الى at); to be easy to do, be feasible without difficulty, be attainable, go well, progress; to go about s.th. (فى ) gently, cautiously X to ask to come, induce to come (ه s.o.)

مأتى ma’tan pl. مآت ma’ātin place where s.th. comes from; place at which one arrives; access; pl. مآت place of origin; origin, source, provenance; place where one has been or to which one has come; place where s.th. starts, where s.th. ends

آت ātin coming, next; following | الأسبوع الآتي(usbū‘) the coming week, next week; كالآتي as follows

موات mu’ātin, muwātin favorable, propitious, opportune, convenient, suitable

اث aṯṯa u I a( اثاثة aṯāṯa) to be luxuriant, grow profusely (hair, plants) II to fix up, prepare (هـ s.th.); to furnish (هـ an apartment) V to be or become rich, wealthy, to prosper; to be furnished

اثاث aṯāṯ furniture, furnishings (of an apartment, of a room)

تأثيث ta’ṯīṯ furnishing

اث aṯṯ, اثاث aṯīṯ abundant, luxuriant, profusely growing (hair, plants)

اثر aṯara u i (aṯr, اثارة aṯāra) to transmit, pass along, report, relate (هـ s.th., عن from, or based on the authority of, s.o.) II to affect, influence (في or على s.o., s.th.), act (في or على upon), produce an effect, make an impression, have influence (في or على on); to induce (phys.) IV to prefer (هـ على s.th. to), like (هـ s.th.) more (على than); to have a predilection, a liking (هـ for), like (هـ s.th.), be fond (هـ of); to choose, deem wise or advisable (ان to do s.th.); to adore (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) |آثر نفسه بالخير(nafsahū bi-l-kair) to wish o.s. well, hope for the best for o.s. V to be impressed, be influenced; to let o.s. be impressed, be impressible; to be moved, be touched (ب or ل by, also من ); to be excited, be stimulated; to be affected (ب by, said of materials, e.g., iron by acid); to be induced (phys.); to follow in s.o.’s (ه ) tracks, follow s.o.’s example, emulate (ه s.o.); to pursue, follow up (هـ a question, a problem); to perceive, feel (هـ s.th.) X to claim a monopoly; to possess alone, with the exclusion of others, monopolize (ب s.th.); to appropriate (ب s.th.), take exclusive possession (ب of); to preoccupy (هـ s.th.), engross (هـ the attention) |استأثر الله به the Lord has taken him unto Himself

اثر aṯar pl. آثار āṯār track, trace, vestige; sign, mark; touch; impression, effect, action, influence (في on); tradition (relating the deeds and utterances of Mohammed and his Companions); work (of art, esp. of literature); ancient monument; آثار antiquities; remnants, vestiges; (religious) relics |علم الآثار ‘ilm al-a. archeology; دار الآثار museum of antiquities; لا اثر له(aṯara) ineffective, ineffectnal; بأثر رجعي(raj‘ī) with retroactive force (jur.); اصبح اثرا بعد عين aṣbaḥa aṯaran ba‘da ‘ainin to be destroyed, be wiped out, leave nothing but memory behind; اعاده اثرا بعد عين(a‘adahū) to destroy s.th. completely ; على اثره, في اثره(also fī iṯrihī) on his (its) track, at his heels, after him; immediately afterwards, presently, thereupon; ;'11 j. immediately afterwards, presently

اثر iṯra (prep.) immediately after, right after

اثري aṯarī archeologic(a1); archeologist (also آثاري āṯārī); old, ancient, antique | عالم اثري archeologist; لغة اثرية(luga) dead language

اثر aṯir egoistic, selfish

اثرة aṯara selfishness, egoism

اثير aṯīr favored, preferred (عند by s.o.), in favor (عند with s.o.); select, exquisite, noble; see also alphabetically

اثارة aṯāra remainder, remnant; faint trace, vestige

مأثرة ma’ṯara, ma’ṯura pl. مآثر ma’āṯir2 exploit, feat, glorious deed

تأثير ta’ṯīr action, effect, influence, impression (في, على on); effectiveness, efficacy; induction (phys.)

تأثيري ta’ṯīrī produced by induction, inductive, inductional, induced (phys.)

إيثار īṯār preference; altruism; predilection; love, affection

تأثر ta’aṯṯur being influenced; agitation, emotion, feeling; excitability, sensitivity; (pl. -āt) feeling, sensation, perception | سريع التأثر easily impressed, impressible, sensitive

تأثري ta’aṯṯurī: المذهب التأثري(madhab) the impressionistic movement

تأثرية ta’atturīya impressionism

استئثار isti’tār arrogation of a monopoly; monopolization; presumption, presumptuousness; exclusive power

مأثور ma’tūr transmitted, handed down | قول مأثور(qaul) and كلمة مأثورة(kalima) proverb

مؤثر mu’attir affecting, acting upon; effective; impressive; moving, touching, pathetic; (pl. -āt) influencing factor, influence

2 أثير look up alphabetically

أثفية utfīya pl. أثاف atāfin trivet, tripod (in &ncient times: &ny one of the three stones supporting a cooking pot near the fire) | ثالثة الأثافي that which rounds out a number, caps s.th., puts the lid on s.th., the crowning touch

اثل atala i to consolidate, strengthen II to become rich V to be consolidated, be strengthened; to become rich

اثل atl pl. اثول utūl (coll.; n. un. pl. atalat) tamarisk (bot.)

اثيل atīl and مؤثل mu’attal deep-rooted; of noble origin, highborn

اثم atima a (itm, atam, مأثم ma’tam) to sin, err, slip V to eschew sin, shun evil; to restrain o.s. hold back

اثم itm pl. آثام ātām sin, offense, misdeed, crime

مأثم ma’tam pl. مآثم sin, offense, misdeed, crime

تأثيم sin, offense, misdeed, crime

آثم ātim pl. اثمة atama and اثيم atīm pl. اثماء atmā’ sinful, criminal, wicked, evil; sinner

اثمد itmid antimony

اثير atīr ether

اثينا atīnā Athens

اثيوبيا atyūbiyā Ethiopia

اثيوبي atyūbī Ethiopian; (pl.-ūn) an Ethiopian | البلاد الاثيوبية Ethiopia

اج ajja u i (اجيج ajīj) to burn, blaze, flame (fire) II to light, kindle, start (هـ a fire) V = I

ماء اجاج mā’ ujāj bitter, salty water

اجاج ajjāj burning, blazing, hot

متأجج muta’ajjij burning, blazing, flaming

اجبية ajabīya horologium (Copt.-Chr.)

2 أجر ajara u (ajr) to reward, recompense, remunerate (هـ s.o.) II to let for rent, let out, hire out, rent, lease (هـ s.th.); (with nafsahū) to hire s.o. out IV to let for rent, let out, hire out, rent, lease (هـ s.th.); to rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease (هـ s.th.), take a lease, (هـ on); to hire, engage, take on (ه s.o.), engage the services (ه of s.o.) X to rent, hire, lease, hold under a lease (هـ .th.), take a lease (هـ on); to charter (هـ a vessel); to hire, engage, take on (ه s.o.), engage the service (ه of s.o.)

اجر ajr pl. اجور ujūr wages, pay, honorarium, recompense, emolument, remuneration; price, rate, fee | اجور السفر u. as-safar fares

اجرة ujra hire, rent, rental; price, rate, fee; fixed rate, (official) charge; postage | اجرة البريد postage; اجرة النقل u. an-naql transport charges, freight(age), carriage, cartage

اجير ajīr pl. اجراء ujarā’ hireling; workman, laborer, day laborer; employee

اجيرة ajīra working woman, factory girl, female laborer; woman employee

تأجير ta’jīr letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease; lease| مشروع التأجير والإعارة (i‘āra) Lend-Lease Act

ايجار ījār pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease| للإيجار for rent, to let

اجارة ijāra pl. -āt rent; letting, leasing, hiring out, letting on lease

استئجار isti’jār rent, lease, tenure

مأجور ma’jūr paid, salaried, on the payroll, gainfully employed; employee; mercenary, venal, hired, bribed

مؤجر mu’ajjir pl. -ūn landlord, lessor

مستأجر musta’jir leaseholder, lessee, tenant; employer

2 آجر ājurr (n. un. ة ) baked brick

اجزاجي see جزء

اجزاخانة see جزء

اجاص ijjāṣ pear

اجل ajala a (ajal) to hesitate, tarry, linger II to delay, postpone, put off, defer, adjourn (هـ الى s.th. till) V to be postponed, be deferred, be adjourned (مؤجر till, to) X to request postponement (هـ of s.th.); to seek to delay (هـ s.th.)

اجل ajal yes, indeed! certainly! by all means!

لأجل li-ajli or من اجل min ajli because of, on account of, for the sake of; for | لأجل أن in order that, that, so that; من أجل هذا therefore, for that reason, on this account

اجل ajal pl. آجال ājāl appointed time, date, deadline; instant of death; respite, delay|بالأجل on credit (com.); قصير الأجل short-term, short-time; short-lived: إلى أجل غير مسمى (gairi musammā) for an indefinite period, sine die, until further notice

تأجيل ta’jīl delay, postponement, adjournment, deferment, respite; appointment of a time or date

آجل ājil delayed, protracted; deferred; later, future (as opposed to عاجل)| عاجلا او آجلا ’ājilan au ājilan, في عاجله او آجله sooner or later, now or later on; في العاجل والآجل now and in the future

الآجلة al-ājila the life to come, the hereafter

مؤجل mu’ajjal delayed, late, postponed, deferred; fixed in time, deadlined

اجمة ajama, coll. اجم ajam pl. -āt, اجم ujum, آجام ājām thicket, jungle, forest: reeds, canebrake

اجمية ajamiya malaria| بعوضة الأجمية ba‘ūḍat al-a. anopheles

آجن ājin brackish (water)

اجندة ajanda notebook

اح aḥḥa u (aḥḥ) to cough

احد II to make into one, unite, unify (هـ s.th.) VIII اتحد see وحد

احد aḥad, f. احدى one: somebody, someone, anybody, anyone (esp. in negative sentences and questions); الأحد the One (God); Sunday|احدهم aḥaduhum every one of them; يوم الأحد yaum al-a. Sunday; أحد السعف a. as-sa‘af Palm Sunday; أحد العنصرة a. al-‘anṣara Whitsunday; آحد الألوف āḥād al-ulūf a few thousand (2-9000; as distinguished from عشرات الألوف and مئات الألوف )

احدي aḥadī dominical, Sunday (adj.)

احدية aḥadīya unity, oneness

الآحد al-āḥād the units (math.)

1احن aḥina a (aḥan) to bate (على s.o.)

احنة iḥna pl. احن iḥan old feud, deep-rooted hatred

2 احين see اوح

اخ see اخو

اخت see اخو

اخذ aḳaḍa u (aḳḍ) to take (من هـ s.th. from or out of): to take (هـ s.th.) along: to get, receive, obtain (من هـ s.th. from); to take up, seize (هـ s.th.); to grab (ب s.o., s.th.), take hold of (ب ): to perceive, notice (ه s.o., said of the eye); to gather, understand, infer, deduce (من هـ s.th. from), read (هـ s.th.) between the lines (من of); to grip, captivate, thrill, spellbind (ب s.o.); to take up, acquire, make one's own (ب s.th., e.g., a method); to keep, adhere (ب to), observe, take over, adopt, embrace, follow, copy, imitate (ب s.th.); to accept (ب s.th.); to take, lead (الى ب s.o. to); to admonish, urge, drive (ب ه s.o. to do s.th.); to enjoin, impose (ب ه on s.o. s.th.); to take away (ه على from s.o. s.th.), strip, deprive (ه على s.o. of), cut off, bar (ه على s.o. from); to reproach, hlame (ه على s.o. for); to hold against s.o. (على ) that (ان ), fix the blame (على on s.o., ان for the fact that); to obligate (ب على s.o. to); to learn (على or عن from s.o., هـ s.th.), acquire knowledge (على or عن from s.o.), أخذ العلم عنه ('ilm) to study under s.o.; to begin, start (في or ب with s.th. or s.th., with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.), prepare, set out, be about (في or ب to do s.th.) | أخذ أبهته (uhbatahū) to make preparations, prepare o.s., get ready; أخذ مأخذ فلان (ma’ḳad) to adopt the same course as s.o. else, follow s.o.’s example; أخذ منه مأخذا to seize s.o., take possession of s.o. (a sensation, or the like); أخذ مجراه (majrāhu) to take its course; أخذ مجلسه (majlisahū) to take one's seat, sit down; أخذ خذره (ḥidrahū) to be on one's guard; أخذه بالحسنى (ḥusnā) to be friendly, be nice to s.o.; أخذ بخاطره (bi-ḳāṯirihī) to show o.s. complaisant toward s.o., try to please s.o.; أخذ بذنبه (bi-danbihi) to punish s.o. for his offense; أخذ رأيه (ra'yahū) to ask s.o.’s opinion, consult s.o.; أخذ الرأي عليه (uḳida r-ra'yu) the matter was put to a vote; أخذ بأسباب (bi-asbābi) to embrace, adopt s.th., e.g., أخذ بأسباب الحضارة الأروبية(ḥaḍāra) to adopt European culture; أخذ بالشدة(šidda) to deal with s.o. severely, give s.o. a rough time; أخذ عليه طريقه to obstruct s.o.’s way, hinder s.o. from moving on; أخذ على عاتقه to shoulder s.th., take s.th. upon o.s.; أخذ العدة ل(‘udda) to prepare, set out, get ready to do s.th.; أخذ عليه عهدا(‘ahdan) to put s.o. under an obligation, impose a commitment on s.o.; أخذ على (حين) غرة uḳida ‘alā(ḥīni) girratin to be taken by surprise, be caught unawares; أخذ بالمقابلة(muqābala) to repay like for like; شيء يأخذ القلوب s.th. which captivates the heart, a fascinating, thrilling thing; أخذنا المطر(maṯarū) we got caught in the rain; أخذ بناصره(bi-nāṣirihi) to help s.o., stand by s.o., take care of s.o., look after s.o.; أخذ نفسه(nafasahū) to draw breath; أخذ عليه أنفاسه to take s.o.’s breath away; أخذ النوم(naum) sleep overwhelmed him; أخذ بيده(bi-yadihī) to help s.o., stand by s.o. II to lay under a spell, enchant, bewitch (ه s.o.) III to censure, blame (ب, على ه s.o. for s.th.); to punish (ب, على ه s.o. for); to hold s.th. (على ) against s.o. (ه ), resent (على s.th. ه , in s.o.)| لا تؤاخذني lā tu’āḳidnī pardon me! forgive me! no offense, I hope! VIII اتخذ ittaḳada to take (ه s.th.); to take on, assume (هـ s.th.); to take up, occupy (هـ s.th.); to pass, adopt (هـ e.g., a resolution); to take, single out, have in mind (هـ هـ, ه ه s.o. or s.th. as); to make use (هـ of s.th.), use (هـ s.th.); to imitate, affect (هـ e.g., s.o.’s manner of speaking); to make (من هـ s.th. out of s.o. or s.th.)| اتخذ شكلا(šaklan) to take on a form or shape; اتخذ موقفا(mauqifan) to take an attitude, assume a position; اتخذ التدابير الازمة to take the necessary measures; اتخذ قرارا(qarāran) to pass or adopt a resolution; اتخذ المواقع الجديدة to take up new positions (troops)

أخذ aḳd acceptance, reception; seizure; taking out, taking away, removal, etc.| أخذ الرأي a. ar-ra'y voting, vote; أخذ ورد(wa-radd) discussion, debate, dispute, argument; شيء لا يقبل أخذا ولا ردا(yaqbalu) an indisputable matter; أخذ وعطاء(wa-‘aṯā’) give-and-take; traffic, trade; dealings, relations (esp. business, commercial); discussion, debate; fight, battle

أخذة uḳda spell, charm

أخيذ aḳīd prisoner of war

أخيذة aḳīda booty, spoils

أخاذ aḳḳād captivating, fascinating, thrilling

مأخذ ma’ḳad pl. مآخذ ma’āḳid2 place from which one takes s.th., source; O wall socket, outlet (el.); adoption, borrowing, loan; manner of acting, mode of procedure, approach; pl. مآخذ source references, bibliography (in booke); reprehensible points, faults, flaws, defects, shortcomings| المأخذالأقرب the simplest, easiest approach; قريب المأخذ easy to handle or to use; see wao aḳada (middle of paragraph)

مؤاخذة mu’āḳada objection, exception; censure, blame| لا مؤاخذة !(mu’āḳadata) pardon me! no offense, I hope!

أخذ ma’ḳūd taken, seized; taken by surprise, caught, trapped; surprised; taken (ب with), fascinated (ب by); مأخوذ به in force, valid

مأخوذات ma’ḳūdāt receipts, takings, returns (com.)

اخر II to delay, put off, defer, postpone, adjourn (هـ s.th.); to hinder, impede, obstruct, hold up (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), slow down, retard (هـ s.th.); to draw out, delay (عن s.th. beyond its appointed time); to put back (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), shelve (هـ s.th.); to set back (هـ a watch, a clock); to suspend, discharge, dismiss, remove (ه s.o. from an office) V to be late; to be delayed, fall or lag behind (عن ), tarry, linger, hesitate; to default (عن on), be behindhand, be in arrears (عن with), be behind (عن in); to hesitate (عن with); to be suspended (from service), be discharged, be dismissed| لم يتأخر بعد ذلك من ان after that, he did not hesitate long before he …, presently, he ...

آخر āḳir pl. -ūn, -āt, اواخر awaḳir2 last, ultimate, utmost, extreme; end, close, conclusion; foot, bottom (of a paper); الآخر and الآخرة the hereafter| الدار الآخرة the abode in the hereafter, the everlasting abode; الى آخره ilā ākīirihī and so forth, et cetera; آخر الأمر āḳir l-amri eventually, finally, in the end, after all; آخر الدهر āḳir d-dahri forever; آخر الزمان a. az-zamān time at which the Day of Judgment is to be expected, the end of the world; عن آخره to the last, down to the grass roots, entirely, completely, e.g., دمر عن آخره (dummira) to be completely destroyed, be wiped off the map; من آخره from behind, from the rear; ما له آخر endless, infinite; في آخر الآخر after all, last of all; اواخر الشهر a. aš-šahr the end of the month, the last ten days of the month; اخيرا وليس آخرا last but not least

الآخرة al-āḳira the hereafter

آخر āḳar 2, f. اخرى uḳrā, pl. comm. اخر uḳar 2 (and آخرون āḳarūn or اخريات respectively) another, one more, الآخر the other| مرة اخرى(marratan) once more; هي الأخرى, هو الآخر he also, she also, he in turn, she in turn, انا الآخر I also; ان كانت الأخرى(in kānat) otherwise; من آن الى آخر from time to time; من سنة الى اخرى(sana) from year to year; بين فترة واخرى(fatra) once in a while, from time to time; اخرى - آونة(awinatan) sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at times

الأخرى al-uḳrā the hereafter

اخروي uḳrawī of or relating to the life to come or the hereafter

اخير aḳīr last; latest; rearmost; the second of two; اخيرا eventually, finally, in the end, after all, at last; recently, the other day; الأول - الاخير the former—the latter| اخيرا وليس آخرا last but not least

مئخار mi’ḳār palm which retains its fruit into the winter

تأخير ta’ḳīr delay, deferment, postponement; obstruction, retardation; putting back, temporary shelving

تأخر .f ta’aḳḳar delay, lag, retardation; hesitation, tarrying, lingering; slowness, tardiness; backwardness, underdevelopment (of a country)

مؤخر mu’aḳḳar rear part, tail, end; atern (of a ship); remainder, balance (of a sum, to be paid later); مؤخرا mu’aḳḳaran recently, lately, the other day; at last, finally, eventually

مؤخرة mu’aḳḳara rear, rear guard (of an army); rear positions or lines (mil.); stern (of a ship)

متأخر muta’aḳḳir delayed, belated, late; occurring later (عن than); behind, behindhand in arrears; backward, underdeveloped; lagging, staying behind; defaulter; المتأخرون the later, or modern, authors, writers, or the like (as opposed to المتقدمون); المتأخرات arrears, balance of a س um remaining due after previous payment| البلدان المتأخرة(buldān) the underdeveloped countries

اخطبوط uḳṯubūṯ octopus

اخو III to fraternize, associate as brothers (ه with s.o.) V to act or show o.s. as a brother or friend VI to fraternize, associate as brothers

اخ aḳ pl. اخو iḳwa, اخوان iḳwān brother; fellow man, neighbor; friend; pl.اخوان specif., brethren or members of an order; الإخوان religious brotherhood of the Wahabi sect, militant in character, established by Ibn Sa‘ūd in 1910| يا أخي my dear friend! اخو ثقة aḳū tiqa trustworthy, reliable; اخ شقيق brother through both father and mother, brother-german

اخت uḳt pl. اخوات aḳawāt sister; (gram.) cognate; counterpart| اختها the other (of two), its mate, its counterpart (after a fem. noun)

خوي ḳuwaiy little brother

اخوي aḳawi brotherly, fraternal

اخوية aḳawīya brotherhood (as a religious association)

اخاء iḳā’, اخوة uḳūwa brotherhood, brotherliness, fraternity

اخاوة iḳāwa fraternization, fraternity, brotherliness

تآخ ta’āḳin fraternization

اخور aḳūr barn, stable

اد adda u i to befall, afflict (ه a.o.)

امر اد amr idd a terrible, evil, horrible thing

ادب aduba u(adab) to be well-bred, well-mannered, cultured, urbane, have refined tastes; - adaba i(adb) to invite (to a party or banquet, ه s.o.), entertain (ه s.o.)| ادب مأدبة(ma'duba) to arrange a banquet, give a formal dinner II to refine, educate (ه s.o.); to discipline, punish, ehastise (ه s.o.) IV to invite as a guest (ه s.o.) V to receive a fine education; to be well-bred, well-educated, cultured, have refined tastes; to show o.s. polite, courteous, civil, urbane; to educate o.s., refine one’s tastes (ب by, through); to let o.s. be guided (ب by)| تأدب بأدبه(bi-adabihi) to follow s.o.’s moral example

ادب adab pl. آداب ādab culture, refinement; good breeding, good manners, social graces, decorum, decency, propriety, seemliness; humanity, humaneness; the humanities; belles-lettres|بيت الأدب toilet, water closet; قليل الأدب and عديم الأدب ill-mannered, ill-bred, impolite, uncivil; الأدب العامي(‘āmmī) popular literature; رجال الأدب literati, men of letters; كلية الآداب kullīyat al-ā. (= faculté des lettres) college of arts; آداب rules, rules of conduct, e.g., آداب السلوك rules of decorum, etiquette; الآداب decency, morals

ادبي adabī moral, ethic(al); literary| واجب ادبي moral obligation; ادبيا وماديا adabiyan wa-māddīyan morally and physically; الفلسفة الأدبية(falsafa) ethics, moral science

ادبيات adabīyāt lliterature, belles-lettres

ادبخانة adabḳāna pl. -āt toilet, water closet

اديب adīb pl. ادباء udabā’ cultured, refined, educated; well.bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane; a. man of culture and refined tastes; man of letters, writer, author

اديبة adība authoress, writer

مأدبة ma’duba pl. مآدب ma’ādib banquet, formal dinner

تأديب ta’dīb education; discipline; punishment, chastisement; disciplinary punishment|مجلس التأديب majlis at-t. disciplinary board

تأديبي ta'dībī disciplinary; punitive, retaliatory| قضية تأديبية (qaḍīya) disciplinary action

تأدب ta’addub good breeding, good manners, civility, politeness, courteousness, tact

آدب ādib host

مؤدب mu’addib pl. -ūn educator; teacher in a Koranic school (Tun.); - mu'addab well-bred, well-mannered, civil, urbane

ادرة udra scrotal hernia

ادرنة adirna2 Edirne, Adrianople (city in NW Turkey)

الادياتيك (Fr. adriatique) al-adriyātīk and بحر الادياتيك baḥr al-a. the Adriatic Sea

1 ادم adama i (adm) to take some additional food (هـ with the bread), enrich (هـ the bread) with some extra food or condiment

ادام idām anything eaten with bread; shortening, fatty ingredient

2 ادم adam, adama skin

اديم adīm skin; surface; tanned skin, leather|اديم الأرض a. al-arḍ thesurface of the earth

ادام addām tanner

3 آدم ādam2 Adam|ابن آدم human being

آدمي ādamī human; humane; poor, inferior, meager; (pl. -ūn, (اوادم awadim2) human being

آدمية ādamīya humaneness, humanity; humanism

اداة adāh pl. ادوات adawāt tool; instrument; utensil, implement, device, appliance; apparatus; (gram.) particle| اداة الحكم a. al-ḥukm machinery of government; اداة التعريف definite article (gram.); اداة التنفيذية(tanfīdīya) executive agency; pl. materials, equipment, gear, ادوات حربية(ḥarbīya) war material; ادواوت احطياطية(iḥtiyāṯīya) stand-by equipment (techn.); ادوات منزلية (manzilīya) household utensils, household effects

الأدون al-adōn(Hebr.) the Lord; Mr. (Isr.)

ادى II to convey, take, bring, lead, steer, channel (هـ, ه ب s.o., s.th., الى to), see that s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه or ب ) gets to (الى ); to bring about, cause, effect, produce (الى s.th.); to lead, contribute, be conducive (الى to a result); to amount, come practically (الى to); to tend (الى to), aim (الى at); to carry out, execute, discharge (هـ s.th.); to perform (هـ a ritual, etc.); to do (واجبه wājibahū one’s duty); to fulfill (وظيفة a function, رسالة a mission); to accomplish (مأمورية a task); to take (يمينا an oath; امتحانا an examination); to render (خدمة ḳidmatan a service, ل or الى to s.o.; هـ e.g., a meaning, a musical composition, etc.)|ادى(salām) to greet, salute V to lead, be conducive, contribute (الى to results); to be carried out, be performed, be accomplished; to arrive (إلى at), be lead (إلى to) X to demand, claim (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.)

اداء adā’ pl. -āt (as verbal noun of II) rendering (of a service); pursuit, performance, execution, discharge (of a duty), realization, effectuation, accomplishment (of a task); rendition, reading (e.g., of a musical composition); fulfillment; payment| حسن الأداء ḥusn al-a. good rendition (of a work of art, of a musical composition)

تأدية ta’diya rendering (of a service); pursuit, performance, execution, discharge (of a duty), realization effectuation; accomplishment (of a task); fulfillment; payment

مؤدى mu’addan assignment, task, function; sense, meaning, signification, import, underlying idea

اذ id 1. (introducing a verbal clause) (and) then; إذ ذاك id dāka (also written إذاك ) then, at that time, at the same time, in doing so; 2. (conj.; temp. and caus.) as, when; since, as, the more so as, because; اذ ان id anna since, as, in view of the fact that; for, because

1 اذا 1 (introducing a nominal clause the subject of which may he expressed by ب with foll. genit.) and then, and all of a sudden; (with noun in nominative case or with ب ) there was … and all of a sudden there was …; 2. (conj.) when; if, whenever; whether, if (introducing indirect questions); اذا ما when, whenever; الا اذا(illā) unless if not; except when

2 (اذا اذن ) idan then, therefore, in that case, hence, consequently

آذار ādār2 March (month; Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)

1 اذن adina a to listen (إلى to s.o..); to allow, permit (في ل s.o. s.th.); to hear, learn (ب of s.th.), be informed (ب about) II to call (ب to), esp. to call to prayer (بالصلاة ); to crow (rooster) IV to announce, make known (ب s.th., ب ه to s.o. s.th.), inform, notify (ه s.o.); to call to prayer; to call upon s.o. (ه ), urge, admonish, exhort (ه s.o..) to do s.th. (ب ); to herald (ب or هـ s.th.); to foreshadow (ب s.th.); to be on the verge (ان of doing s.th..)| آذن بالسقوط (بالزوال )(zawāl) to show signs of the imminent downfall (end); آذن الليل بانتصاف(lailu bi-ntiṣāf) it was close to midnight V to herald, announce (ب s.th.) X to ask permission (في to do s.th., rarely ب ); to ask permission to enter (على s.o.'s house), have o.s. announced (على to s.o.); to take leave (من of s.o.), say good-by (من to)

اذن idn permission, authorization; باذن الله if God choose, God willing; (pl. اذون udūn, اذونات udūnāt) (postal) order| اذن البريد pl. اذونات البريد postal money order; اذن البوسته do.

اذن udun, udn pl. آذان ādan ear; handle(of a cup)| التهاب الاذن الوسطى (wusṯā) middle-ear infection, otitis media (med.)

اذان adān call to prayer

اذنية udaina little ear; ear lobe

مأذنة ma’dana, مئذنة midana pl. مآذن ma’ādin2 minaret

ايذان idān declaration, proclamation, announcement (ب of s.th..)| ايذنا بانتهاء الحديث indicating that the conversation is (was) ended

مأذون ma’dūun authorized; slave with limited legal rights (Isl. Law); = مأذون شرعي(šar‘ī) official authorized by the cadi to perform civil marriages (Isl. Law)

مأذونية ma’dūnīya leave, furlough (mil. Syr.); license, franchise (Syr.)

مؤذن mu’addin muezzin, announcer of the hour of prayer

اذن idan see2 اذا

اذى adiya a to suffer damage, be harmed IV to hs.rm, hurt, wrong (ه s.o.); to molest, annoy, irritate, trouble (ه s.o.)|لا يؤذي lā yu’dī innocuous, harmless, inoffensive V to suffer damage, be wronged; to feel offended, be hurt

اذى adan, اذاة adāh, اذية adīya damage, harm; injury; trouble, annoyance, grievance, wrong, offense, insult

اذاية idāya damage, harm, harmfulness, noxiousness

ايذاء īdā’ harm, damage, prejudice; offense,. hurt; grievance, nuisance

مؤذ mu’din hurtful, harmful, injurious, detrimental, prejudicial; annoying, irksome, troublesome; painful, hurting, offensive, insulting

اراتيقي arātīqī and اراتيكي pl. اراتقة arātiqa a heretic (Chr.)

آرامى ārāmī Aramaean; Aramaic

ارب ariba a(arab) to be skillful, proficient (ب in s.th.); -- araba i to tighten (هـ a knot) III to try to outwit (ه s.o.)

ارب arab pl. آراب ārāb wish (في for), desire, need (في of s.th.); purpose. aim, goal, end

ارب irb pl. آراب ārāb limb|مزقه اربا اربا(mazzaqahū) to tear s.th. to pieces or to shreds

اربة irba skill, resourcefulness, cleverness, smartness

اربة urba pl. ارب urab knot, bow

اريب arīb skillful, resourceful, clever, intelligent

مأرب ma’rab pl. مآرب ma’ārib2 wish, desire; object of desire, purpose, aim, goal, end

اربيل arbīl Erbil (the ancient Arbela, city in N Iraq)

ارتوازي artuwaāzī artesian (well)

1 ارث II to sow dissension (بين between, among)

2 ارث irt inheritance, heritage; estate (of inheritance)

ارثوذكسي urtūduksī orthodox; الارثوذكسية the Orthodox Church

الروم الارثوذكسي ar=rūm al-urtūduksī the Greek Orthodox Church

ارج arija a (araj, اريج arīj) to be fragrant V do.

ارج araj fragrance, sweet smell

ارج arij fragrant, sweet-smelling

اريج arīj fragrance, sweet smell

ارجح II ta’arjaḥa to rock, swing

متأرجح muta'arjiḥ fluctuating

الارجنتين al-arjantīn Argentina

ارجوان urjuwān purple

ارجوان urjuwānī purple(-colored)

ارجوز popular spelling (eg.) of قره جوز ’aragōz (q.v.); Punch (in a Punch and Judy show)

ارخ II to date (هـ a letter, and the like, ب with a date); to write the history of s.th. (هـ )

تاريخ ta'rīḳ dating (of a letter, etc.); ta'rīḳ pl. تواريخ tawārīḳ2 date; time; history; chronicle, annals| تاريخ الحياة t. al-ḥayāh biography; curriculum vitae; تاريخ عام(‘āmm) world history; علماء التاريخ the historians

تاريخي tārīḳī historic(al)

مؤرخ mu'arriḳ pl. -ūn historiographer, historian, chronicler, annalist; -- mu’arraḳ dated

ارخبيل arḳabīl archipelago

ارخن (άρχων) pl. اراخنة arāḳina archon, pl. notables (Chr.-Copt.)

اردب irdabb (now usually pronounced ardabb)pl. ارادب arādib2 ardeb, a dry measure (Eg.; = 1981)

اردبة irdabba cesspool

الاردن al-urdunn Jordan (river and country)

اردني urdunni Jordanian| المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية al-mamlaka al-u. al-hāšimīya the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (official designation)

اردواز (Fr. ardoise) arduwāz slate

1 ارز arz (n. un. ة ) cedar

2 ارز aruzz rice

ارس arasa i(ars) to till the land

اريس irrīs and arīs peasant, farmer

ارستقراطي aristuqrāṯī aristocratic; ristocrat

ارستقراطية aristuqrāṯīya aristocracy

ارسطو arisṯū Aristotle

ارش arš indemnity, amercement, fine, penalty; blood money (for the shedding of blood; Isl. Law)

ارشي ابسقوبس (Gr. ὰρχιεπίσϰοπος) archbishop

ارشيدوق (Fr. archiduc) archduke, ارشيدوقة archduchess

ارض arḍ f., pl. اراض arāḍīn, اراضون arāḍūn earth; land, country, region, area; terrain, ground, soil| الارض السفلى(suflā) the nether world; الارض المقدسة(muqaddasa) the Holy Land, Palestine

ارضي arḍī terrestrial, of the earth; soil-, land- (in compounds); situated on or near the ground, ground (adj.); earthly; underground, subterranean

ارضي شوكي arḍī šaukī artichoke

ارض araḍ (coll.; n. un. ة ) termite; woodworm

ارضية arḍīya pl. -āt floor; ground (also, e.g., of a printed fabric, of a painting); ground floor, first floor (tun.); storage, warehouse charges

ارضروم arḍurum2 Erzurum (city in NE Turkey)

ارطة (also اورطة ) urṯa pl. ارط uraṯ (اورط ) battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)

ارطقة arṯaqa pl. -āt heresy (Chr.)

تاريع see ريع

ارغن urgun pl. اراغن aragin2 organ (mus. instr.)

ارول urgūl, argūl a wind instrument (related to the clarinet, consisting of two pipes of unequal length)

ارق ariqa a to find no sleep II to make sleepless (ه s.o.), prevent s.o. (ه ) from sleeping

ارق araq sleeplessness, insomnia

اريكة arika pl. ارائك arā’ik2 couch, sofa; throne

اركيلة argīla pl. اراكيل arāgīl2 (syr.) water pipe, narghile

ارلندي irlandī Irish

1 ارم arama i to bite

ارم urram molar teeth| حرق الارم(ḥarraqa) to gnash one's teeth (in anger)

ارومة arūma, urūma root, origin; stump of a tree

مئرم mi'ram root (of a tooth)

2 آرام ārām (= ارام ) pl. of رئم ri'm) white antelopes

الارمن al-arman the Armenians

ارمني armanī Armenian (adj. and n.)

ارمينيا armēniyā Armenia

الارناوط al-arnāwuṯ the Albanians

ارناوطي arnāwuṯī Albanian

ارنب arnab f., pl. ارانب arānib2 hare; rabbit|ارنب هندي(hindī) guinea pig

ارنبة arnaba female hare, doe| ارنبة الانف a. al-anf tip of the nose; nose, muzzle (of an animal)

ارنيك (Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ارانيك arānīk2 pattern, model; form, blank

اروبا urubbā Europe

اروبي urubbī European (adj. and n.)

1 ارى ary honey

2 آرى ārī Aryan

آرية ārīya Aryanism

اريحا arīḥā Jericho

از azza u i (ازيز aziz) to simmer; to hum, buzz; to whiz, hiss; to fizzle; to wheeze

ازيز azīz hum(ming), buzz(ing); whizzing, whizz, whistle (e.g., of bullets)

1 ازب azaba i(azb) to flow, run (water)

مئزاب mi'zāb pl. مآزيب ma'āzīb2 and ميزاب mīzāb pl. ميازيب mayāzīb2 drain; gutter, eaves trough

2 ازب izb dumpy, pudgy, stocky; small man

الازبك al-uzbak the Uzbeks

ازر azara i(azr) to surround (هـ s.th.) II to clothe (ه s.o. with an ازار izār q.v.); to cover, wrap up (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to strengthen, brace (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) III to help (ه s.o.); to support, back up, strengthen (ه s.o.) V and VIII to put on an izār (see below), wrap s.o. in an izār VI to help each other; to rally, unite, join forces

ازر azr strength| شد ازره šadda azrahū or شد من ازره (min azrihi) to help, support, encourage s.o., back s.o. up; šadda azruhū to be energetic, vigorous, lusty, courageous

ازار izār m. and f., pl. ازر uzur loincloth; wrap, shawl; wrapper, covering, cover

مئزر mi’zar pl. مآزر ma’āzīr2 apron; wrapper, covering, cover

مؤازرة mu’āzara support, aid, assistance, backing

تآزر ta’āzur mutual assistance

ازف azila a (awaf, ازوف uzūf) to come, approach, draw near (a time)

ازق azaqa i(azq) to be narrow V do.

مأزق ma'ziq pl. مآزق ma’āziq2 narrow passageway, narrow pass, strait, bottle-neck; predicament, fix, dilemma, critical situation, also مأزق حرج (ḥarij)

ازل azl pl. آزال āzāl eternity (without beginning), sempiternity

ازلي azali eternal, sempiternal

ازلية azalīya sempiternity, eternity

ازم V to be or become critical, come to a head (situation, relations)

ازمة azma pl. azamāt emergency; crisis| ازمة وزارية(wizāriya) cabinet crisis

تأزم ta'azzum: تأزم الحالة t. al-hāla critical development, aggravation of the situation

مأزوم ma'zūm victim of a crisis

ازمير izmīr2 Izmir (formerly Smyrna, sea-port in W Turkey)

ازميل izmīl pl. ازاميل azāmīl 2 chisel

ازوت (Engl.) azōt azote, nitrogen

ازوتي azōtī nitrogenous

ازى III to be opposite s.th. (ه ), face (ه s.o., هـ s.th.)

ازاء izā’a (prep.) opposite, face to face with, facing; in front of; in the face of (e.g., of a situation); as compared with; بازاء bi-izā’i opposite, face to face with, facing; in front of; على ازاء ‘alā izā’i in the face of (e.g., of a situation)

1 آس ās myrtle

2 آس pl. -āt ace (playing card)

3 آس II to found, establish, set up (هـ s.th.), lay the foundation (هـ for) V to be founded, be established, he set up

اس foundation, basis; exponent of a power (math.)

اس asās pl. اسس usus foundation (also, of a building), fundament, groundwork, ground, basis; keynote. Tonic (mus.)|على اساس (with foll. genit.) on the basis of, on the strength of, on account of, according to; لا اساس له من الصحة(asāsa, ṣiḥḥa) completely unfounded (news, rumor)

اساسي asāsī fundamental, basic; elementary; essential; principal, chief, main|حجر اسود(ḥajar) cornerstone, foundation stone

اساسيات asāsīyāt fundamentals, principles

تأسيس ta'sīs founding, foundation, establishment, setting up, institution; grounding, laying of the substructure (arch.); pl. -āt facilities, utilities; institutions

تأسيس ta'sīsī founding; foundational, fundamental| مجلس تأسيسي(majlis) constituent assembly

مؤسس mu'assis founder

مؤسسة mu’assasa pl. -āt foundation, establishment; firm (com.); institution; organization

الاسبان al-asbān, al-isbān the Spaniards

اسباني isbānī Spanish; (pl. -ūn) Spaniard

اسبانخ isbānaḳ spinach

اسبانيا isbāniyā Spain

اسبداج isbidāj and اسبيداج isbīdāj white lead, ceruse

اسبرتو (It. spirito) isbirto alcohol

اسبليطة isbalīṯa epaulet

است see1 ست

استاتيكي istātīkī static (el.)

استاد (Fr. stade) istād stadium

استاذ ustād pl. اساتذة asātida master; teacher; professor (academic title); form of address to intellectuals (lawyers, journalists, officials, writers and poets); ledger (com.)| الاستاذ الأعظم(a‘ẓam) Grand Master (of a lodge); الاستاذ الأكبر title of the Rector of Al Azhar University; استاذ كرسي (kursī; Eg.) and استاذ بكرسي (Syr.) full professor; استاذ بلا كرسي (Syr.) associate professor; استاذ متفرغ (mutafarrig;Eg.) part-time professor (holding an office outside the university); استاذ مساعد(musā‘id) assistant professor (Eg.; Syr.); استاذ زائر (Eg.; Syr.) visiting professor; اساتذة في الجدل(jadal) they are masters of disputation

استاذية ustādīya mastership; professorship, professorate

استانبول istanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople

استانبولي istanbūlī of Istanbul

الآستانة al-āsitāna, الاستانة al-astāna, al-istāna Constantinople, Istanbul

استبرق istabraq brocade

استراتيجي istrātījī strategic

استرالي usturālī Australian

استراليا usturālīyā Australia

استرليني istarlīnī sterling| جنيه استرليني pound sterling; منطقة الاسترليني minṯaqat al-i. sterling area

استمارة see امر

استوبة (It. stoppa) tow, oakum; cotton waste

استوديو (It.-Engl. studio) istūdiyō pl. استوديوهات istūdiyōhāt studio; atelier

استوكهولم istokholm Stockholm

استونيا (Engl.) istōniyā Estonia

استياتيت I istiyātīt steatite, soapstone (min.)

اسوج look up alphabetically

اسد X to display the courage of a lion (على against)

اسد asad pl. اسد usud, usd, اسود usūd, آساد āsād lion; Leo (astron.)| داء الاسد leontiasis (med.)

1 اسر asara i(asr) to bind, fetter, shackle, chain (ه s.o.); to capture, take prisoner (ه s.o.); to captivate, fascinate, hold spellbound (ه s.o.), absorb, arrest (هـ the attention) X to surrender, give s.o. up as prisoner

اسر asr (leather) strap, thong; capture; captivity|شدة الاسر šiddat al-a. vigor, energy

اسرة usra pl. اسر usar, -āt family; dynasty; clan, kinsfolk, relatives; -- asirra see سرير

باسره bi-asrihī entirely, completely, altogether, جاءوا باسرهم all of them came, they came one and all

اسار isār (leather) strap, thong; captivity; captivation, enthrallment| وقع في اساره to be subjected to s.th., fall into the clutches of s.th.

اسير asīr pl. اسراء usarā2, اسرى asrā, اسارى asārā prisoner, captive, prisoner of war

اسيرة asīra pl. -āt female prisoner, slave girl

آسر āsir winning, captivating, fascinating; captor

مأسور ma’sūr captivated, fascinated, enthralled (ب by)

2 اسرة asirra see سرير

3 مأسورة look up alphabetically

اسرائيل isrā’īl2 Israel| بنو اسرائيل banū i. the Israelites; دولة اسرائيلية daulat i. the State of Israel

اسرائيلي isrā’īlī Israelitish; Israelite; Israeli (adj, and n.); اسرائيليات Judaica

اسرافيل isrāfīl 2 Israfil, the angel who will sound the trumpet on the day of Resurrection

اسرب usrub lead (metal)

اسطانبول isṯanbūl2 Istanbul, Constantinople

اسطبل isṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn

اسطبة (It. stoppa) usṯubba tow, oakum

اسطرلاب asṯurlāb astrolabe

اسطقس isṯaqīs pl. -āt element

اسطوانات usṯuwāna pl. -āt column (arch.); cylinder (math.; of an engine); phonograph record; -- pl. اساطين asāṯīn2 high-ranking, prominent personalities; stars, celebrities, authorities, masters (e.g., of art: اساطين الفن a. al-fann)

اسطوانى usṯuwānī cylindric(al)

اسطورة usṯūra pl. اساطير asāṯīr legend, fable, tale, myth, saga

اسطوري usṯūrī fabulous, mythical, legendary

اسطول usṯūl pl. اساطيل asāṯīl2 fleet; squadron

اسطى usṯā (colloq. for استاذ ) pl. اسطوات usṯawāt master; foreman, overseer; also form of address to those in lower callings, e.g., to a cab driver, coachman, etc.

اسف asifa a(asaf) to regret (على or ل s.th.), feel sorry (على for), be sad (على about) V do

اسف asaf grief, sorrow, chagrin, regret| وا اسفاه ! wā asafāh! Oh, what a pity! it's too bad! ويا للاسف wa-yā lal-asafi (or only للاسف ) unfortunately; مع الاسف and بكل اسف bi-kulli asafin do.

اسف asifa and اسيف asīf regretful, sorry, sad, grieved, distressed

تأسف ta'assuf regret

آسف āsif regretful, sorry, sad| تركته غير آسف(gaira āsifin) I left him without regret, I was only too glad to leave him

مأسوف عليه ma’sūf ‘alaihi mourned (esp. of a dead person, = the late lamented)

مؤسف mu’sif distressing, sad, regrettable

متأسف muta’assif sad, sorry, regretful; متأسف ! sorry!

اسفاناخ isfānāk and اسفانخ isfānaḳ spinach| اسفاناخ رومي(rūmī) garden orach (Atriplex hortensis, bot.)

اسفلت asfalt asphalt

اسفنج isfanj,isfunj sponge

اسفنجي isfanjī spongy; porous

اسفندان isfindān maple (bot.)

اسفيداج isfīdāj; white lead, ceruse

اسفين isfīn pl. اسافين asāfīn2 wedge

اسقربوطي isqarbūṯī: مرض اسقربوطي(maraḍ) scurvy (med.)

اسقف usquf pl. اساقفة asāqifa, اساقف asāqif2 bishop| رئيس الاساقفة archbishop

اسقفي usqufī Episcopal

اسقفية usqufīya episcopate, bishopric

اسقمري usqumrī, isqumrī mackerel (zool.)

اسقيل isqīl an Oriental variety of sea onion (Scilla)

اسكتش (Engl.) isketš sketch

اسكتلندا iskotlandā Scotland

اسكتلندي iskotlandī Scottish, Scotch

اسكلة iskila pl. اساكل asākil2 seaport, commercial center (in the East)

اسكملة iskamla stool, footstool

اسكندرونة iskandarūna2 Iskenderon (formerly Alexandretta, seaport in S Turkey)

الاسكندرية al-iskandarīya Alexandria (city in N Egypt)

اسكندينافيا iskandināfīya Scandinavia

اسل II to sharpen, point, taper (هـ s.th.)

اسل asal (coll.) rush (bot.)

اسلة asaIa pl. -āt thorn, spike, prong; point (also, e.g., of a pen = nib); tip of the tongue

الحروف الاسلية al-ḥurūf al-asalīya the letters ز, س and ص

اسيل asīl smooth| خد اسيل (ḳadd) smooth cheek

اسالة asāla eliptic, oval form

مؤسل mu’assal pointed, tapered

اسلامبولي (variant of استانبولي ) islāmbūlī of Istanbul

اسلانده islandā Iceland

اسم see1 سم

اسمانجوني asmanjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean

اسمره asmara Asmara (capital of Eritrea)

اسمنت asmant, ismant cement

اسمنتي asmantī cement (adj.)

اسن asana i u and asina a to become brackish (water)

آسن āsin brackish

(اسو andاسى )اسا asā u (asw, اسا asan) to nurse, treat (هـ a wound); to make peace (بين between, among); -- اسى asiya (اسى, اسا asan) to be sad, grieved, distressed II to console, comfort (ه s.o.); to nurse (ه a patient) III to share (one’s worldly possessions, ه with s.o.), be charitable (ه to s.o.); to assist, support (ه s.o.); to console, comfort (ه s.o.); to treat, cure (هـ s.th., medically) V to be consoled, find solace VI to share the worldly possessions; to assist one another, give mutual assistance

اسى asan grief, sorrow, distress

اسوة uswa, iswa example, model, pattern|اسوة ب uswatan bi following the model or pattern of; along the lines of; in the same manner as, just as, like

مأساة ma’sāh pl. مآس ma’āsin trogedy, drama

تأسية ta’siya consolation, comfort

مواساة muwāsāh (for mu’āsāh) consolation; charity; beneficence

أسوار iswār, uswār pl. أساور asāwir2, أساورة asāwira bracelet, bangle

أسوان aswān Aswan (city in S Egypt)

اسوج asūj Sweden

اسوجي asūjī Swedish

اسى see اسو

آسيا āsiyā Asia| آسيا الصغرى(ṣugrā) Asia Minor

آسيوي āsiyawī Asiatic, Asian (adj. and n.)

اسيوط asyūt2 Asyūt (city in central Egypt)

اشب V to be mixed, heterogeneous, motley (a crowd)

اشابة ušāba pl. اشائب ašā’ib2 mixed, motley crowd

اشببيلية išbīliya2 Seville (city in SW Spain)

اشبين išbīn pl. اشابين see شبن

اشر ašara u(ašr) to sow (هـ s.th.); -- i to file, sharpen with a file (هـ s.th.) II to mark, indicate, state, enter, record (هـ s.th.); to grant a visa; to provide with a visa (على s.th.)

اشر ašar liveliness, high spirits, exuberance; wildness; insolence, impertinence

اشر ašir lively, sprightly, in high spirits, exuberant; wild; insolent, impertinent, arrogant

مئشار minšār pl. مواشير mawāšīr2 saw

تأشير ta’šīr issuance of an official endorsement; official endorsement; visa

تأشيرة ta’šīra pl. -āt visa| تأشيرة مرور t. murūr or تأشيرة اجتياز transit visa

مؤشر mu’aššir indicator, needle (of a measuring instrument)

مؤشر mu’aššar jagged, serrated; marked, designated (ب by, with)

اشفى išfā pl. اشاف ašāfin awl, punch

اشنان ušnān potash; saltwort (Salsola kali; bot.)

اشنة ušna moss

اشور ašūr Assyria

اشوري ašūrī Assyrian (adj. and n.)

اصيص aṣīṣ pl. اصص uṣūṣ flowerpot

اصد II to close, shut (a door, etc.)

اصر iṣr pl. آصار āṣār covenant, compact, contract; load, encumbrance, burden; sin; pl. آصار bonds, ties

آصرة āṣira pl. اواصر awāṣir2 bond, tie (fig. e.g., اواصر الولاء a. al-walā’i bonds of friendship); obligation, commitment

اصطبل iṣṯabl pl. -āt stable, barn

اصفهان iṣfahān2 Isfahan (city in W central Iran)

اصل aṣula u (اصالة aṣala) to be or become firmly rooted; to be firmly established; to be of noble origin II to found (هـ s.th.), give s.th. (هـ ) a firm foundation, establish the foundation or origin of (هـ ) V to be or become firmly rooted, deep-rooted, ingrained; to take root, be or become firmly established; to derive one's origin (من from) X to uproot, root out, extirpate, exterminate, annihilate (هـ s.th.); to remove (هـ an organ by a surgical operation)| استأصل شأفته (ša’fatahū) to eradicate s.th., eliminate s.th. radically

اصل pl. اصول root; trunk (of a tree); origin, source; cause, reason; descent, lineage, stock (esp., one of a noble character); foundation, fundament, basis; the origins! (e.g., of s book); pl. اصول principles, fundamentals, rudiments, elements (e.g., of a science); rules; basic rules, principles, axioms; real estate, landed property; assets (fin.); -- اصلا aṣlan originally, primarily; (with neg.) by no means, not at all, not in the least|في الأصل originally, at first; اصول الفقه u. al-fiqh the 4 foundations of Islamic jurisprudence, i.e., Koran, Sunna, qiyās (analogy) and ijmā‘ (consensus); اصول وخصوم assets and liabilities; اصول مضاعفة(muḍā‘afa) double-entry bookkeeping; حسب الأصول (ḥasaba) properly, in conformity with regulations

اصلي original, primary, primal, initial; genuine, authentic, pure; basic, fundamental, principel, chief, main| الثمن الأصلي(taman) cost price; الجهات الأصلية(jihāt) the cardinal points (of the compass); عدد اصلي (‘adad) cardinal number; عضو اصلي(‘uḍw) regular member

اصولي uṣūlī in accordance with the rules, conforming to prevailing principles; traditional, usual; legist

اصيل pl. اصلاء uṣalā’2 of pure, noble origin; original, authentic, genuine; pure; proper, actual; firm, solid; sound, reasonable, sensible; of strong, unswerving character; steadfast; deep-rooted; native, indigenous| الأصل الأصيل the actual reason; اصيل الرأي of sound, unerring judgment

اصيل pl. آصال āṣāl, اصائل aṣā’il2 time before sunset, late afternoon

اصالة aṣāla firmness, steadfastness, strength of character; nobility of descent, purity of origin; aṣālatan immediately, directly, personally| اصالة الرأي a. ar-ra’y clarity and firmness of judgment; judiciousness; بالاصالة عن نفسه spontaneously, of one's own accord, in one's own name, personally, privately (as opposed to بالنيابة عن غيره); اصال ونيابة aṣālatan wa-niyābatan directly and indirectly

تأصيلة ta’ṣīla pedigree, genealeogy

تأصل ta’aṣṣu1 deep-rootedness

استئصال isti’ṣāl extirpation, extermination, (radical) elimination; removal by surgery

متأصل muta’aṣṣil deep-rooted, deep-seated; chronic (illness)

اطيط aṯīṯ the mooning bray of a camel

1 اطر aṯara i u (aṯr) and II to bend, curve (هـ s.th.)

اطار iṯār pl. -āt, اطر uṯur frame (also, of eyeglasses); tire (of a wheel); hoop (of a barrel, etc.)

اطارة iṯāra rim, felly (of a wheel)

اطاري iṯārī framelike, hoop-shaped

2 اطرية see طرى

اطرغلة uṯrugulla a variety of pigeon

اطرون aṯrūn = نطرون

الاطلانتيك ,الاطلانطيك al-aṯlantīk, al-aṯlanṯīq the Atlantic

اطلانطيكي aṯlanṯīqī and اطلانطي aṯlanṯī Atlantic

اطلس aṯlas2 satin; (pl. اطالس aṯālis2 atlas, volume of geographical maps

اطلسي aṯlasī Atlantic

اطلنطي aṯlanṯī Atlantic| الحلف الاطلنطي the Atlantic Pact

اطوم aṯūm sea turtle

اغا agā, آغا āgā pl. اغوات agawāt aga, lord, master, sir; eunuch, harem chamberlain

الاغريق al-igrīq, الاغارقة al-agāriqa the Greeks

اغريقي igrīqī Greek, Grecian (adj. and n.)

اغسطس agustus August (month)

افّ V to grumble, mutter in complaint (من about)

افّ uff dirt (in the ears or under the nails), earwax, cerumen

افّ uff interj. expressing anger or displeasure

افف afaf displeasure; grumbling, grumble

الافرنج al-ifranj the Franks, the Europeans| بلاد الافرنج Europe

افرنجي ifranjī European

افرنسي ifransī French; الافرنسية the French language; الافرنسيون the French

افريز ifrīz pl. افاريز afārīz2 frieze; edge; curb; sidewalk|افريز المحطة i. al-maḥaṯṯa platform (of a railroad station); افريز الحائط molding (arch.)

افريقا afrīqā f. and افريقيا ifrīqiyā, now usually pronounced afrīqiyā f. Africa| افريقيا الشمالية (šamālīya) North Africa

افريقي ifrīqī, now usually pronounced afrīqī African; (pl. -ūn, افارقة afāriqa) an African

آفرين āfirīn bravo! well done!

افسنتين ifsantīn, ifsintīn wormwood, absinthe (Artemisia absinthium; bot.)

افشين ifšīn pl. افاشين afāšīn2 litany (Chr.)

الافغان al-afgān the Afghans; Afghanistan

افغانستان afgānistān Afghanistan

افغاني afgānī Afghan (adj. and n.)

افق ufq, ufuq pl. آفاق āfāq horizon; range of vision, field of vision; pl. distant lands, faraway countries, remote regions; provinces, interior of the country (as distinguished from the capital)| آفاق الأرض a. al-arḍ the remotest parts of the earth; آفاق البلاد a. al-bilād the outlying portions of the country; شذاذ الآفاق šuddad al-a. foreigners, travelers

افقي ufqī horizontal

آفاقي āfāqī coming from a distant country or region

افاق affāq wandering, roving, roaming; tramp, vagabond

افك afaka i (afk) and afika a (ifk, afk, afak, افوك ufūk) to lie, tell a lie

افك ifk and افيكة afīka pl. افائك afā’ik2 lie, untruth, falsehood

افاك affak liar, lying

افل afala u i (افول ufūl) to go down, set (stars)

افول ufūl setting (of stars)

آفل āfil transitory, passing

افلاطون aflāṯūn2 Plato

افن afan stupidity

افين afīn and مأفون ma’fūn stupid, foolish, fatuous; fool

افندي afandī pl. -īya gentleman (when referring to non-Europeans wearing Western clothes and the tarboosh); (after the name) a title of respect (eg.); افندم ! afandim! Sir! (eg.) afandim? (I beg your) pardon? What did you say?

افوكاتو (It. avvocato) avokātō advocate, lawyer, attorney|الافوكاتو العمومي representative of the attorney general (= Fr. avocat général)

افيون afyūn opium|روح الافيون al-a. laudanum

اقة uqqa pl. -āt oka, a weight, in Eg. = 1.24s kg, in Syr. = 1.2s2 kg

مؤقت see وقت

اقحوان uqhūwān pl. اقاحى aqāḥī daisy

اقرباذين aqrabādīn composite medicament| علم الاقرباذين ‘ilm al-a. pharmaceutics, pharmacology

اقرباذيني aqrabādīnī pharmaceutic(al)

اقيط aqīṯ cottage cheese

اقليد iqlīd look up alphabetically

اقلم aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, adjust II ta'aqlama to acclimatize (o.s.)

اقليم iqlīm pl. اقاليم aqiilim2 climate; area, region; province, district; administrative district (Eg.; = مديرية); الاقاليم country, provinces (as distinguished from the city)

اقليمي iqlīmī climatic; regional, local; territorial|المياه الاقليمية(miyāh) territorial waters

اقليد iqlīd pl. اقاليد aqālīd2 key

اقليدس iqlīdis Euclid

اقنوم uqnūm pl. اقانيم aqānīm2 hypostasis, divine person within the Trinity (Chr.); constitutive element

اقونة (Gr. είκών) iqūna icon (Chr.)

اقيانوسية uqyanūsiya Oceania

اكادى akkādī Akkadian

اكاديمية akādīmīya academy

اكتوبر okctober October

اكد II to assure (هـ ل s.o. of, ان that); to give assurance (هـ ل s.o. of); to confirm (هـ s.th. a view) V to be or become convinced, convince o.s. (من s.th.); to reassure o.s., make sure (من of s.th.); to be sure (من of); to be urgent, imperative, requisite

تأكيد ta'kīd pl. -āt assurance; confirmation; emphasis; بالتأكيد most certainly! of course!

تأكد ta’akkud assurance, reassurance

أكيد akīd certain, sure; firm (resolve); definite (desire); urgent, imperative (need); أكيدا akīdan certainly! surely!

مؤكد mu’akkad certain, definite, sure; confirmed

متأكد muta'akkid convinced (من of)

1 اكر akara i(akr) to plow, till, cultivate (هـ the land)

اكار akkār pl. -ūn, اكرة akara plowman

2 اكرة ukra pl. اكر ukar ball (for playing)

اكزيما ekzēmā eczema (med.)

اشعة اكس aši‘‘at iks X-rays

اكسترا extra

اكسجين oksižēn oxygen

اكسير iksīr elixir

اكف akuff see كف

اكل akala u (akl, مأكل ma’kal) to eat (هـ s.th.); to eat up, consume, swallow, devour, destroy (هـ s.th.); to eat, gnaw (هـ at), eat away, corrode, erode (هـ s.th.); to spend unlawfully (هـ s.th.). enrich o.s. feather one's nest (هـ with)| اكل عليه الدهر وشرب (dahru, šariba) to be old and worn out, be timeworn; اكل الربا (ribā) to take usurious interest; يعلم من اين تؤكل الكتف ya‘lamu min aina tu’kalu l-katif he knows how to tackle the matter properly; اكله جلده (jه lduhū) his skin itched; اكل في الصحن (ṣaḥn) to eat off a plate; اكل حقه (ḥaqqahū) to encroach upon s.o.’s right II and IV to give s.o. (ه ) s.th. (هـ ) to eat, feed (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) III to eat, dine (ه with s.o.) V to be devoured, be consumed; to be eaten away, corrode, undergo corrosion; to become old, worn, timeworn, full of cracks; to be destroyed by corrosion VI = V

اكل akl food; meal, repast; fodder, feed| غرفة الاكل gurfat al-a. dining room; (eg.) اكل البحر a. al-baḥr land washed away by the sea or the Nile (as opposed to طرح البحر )

اكل ukul, ukl food; fruit| آتى اكله to bear fruit

اكلة akla pl. akalāt meal, repast; -- ukla bite, morsel

○اكال ukāl prurigo, itch eruption (med.)

اكال akkāl, اكيل akīl, اكول akūl voracious, gluttonous; hearty eater, gourmand, glutton

مأكل ma’kal pl. مآكل ma’ākil2 food, eats

تأكل ta’akkul wear; corrosion; erosion (geol.)

تآكل ta’ākul wear; corrosion; erosion (geol.)

ائتكل i’tikāl erosion (geol.)

آكل ākil eater

آكلة ākila gangrenous sore

مأكول ma’kūl eatable, edible; pl. مأكولات food, foodstuffs, eatables, edibles

مؤاكل mu’ākil table companion

متأكل muta’akkil and متآكل muta’ākil corroded; eroded; worn, timeworn; full of cracks; rusty, rust-eaten

اكليروس iklīrūs clergy (Chr.)

اكليروسية iklīrūsīya clericalism

اكليركي iklīrikī cleric(al)

اكلينيكي iklīnīkī clinical

اكمة akama pl. -āt, اكام ikām, اكم ukum, آكام ākām (coll. اكم akam) hill; reef; heap, pile|وراء الاكمة ما وراءها(warā’a) something's fishy! there is more to it than meets the eye

ال ill pact, covenant; blood relationship, consanguinity

1 الا a-lā and اما a-mā see|a

2 الا alā see1 الو

3 الا allā (= ان لا an lā) lest, that not, in order that not, so as not to

4 الا illā (=ان ل in lā) unless if not; except, save; (after negation:) only, but, not until|الا ان illā anna except that ..., yet, however, nevertheless (also introducing main clauses); الا اذا illā idā unless, if not; except when; والا wa-illā (and if not =) otherwise, orelae; الا وهو illā wa-huwa (with a preceding negation) unless he ..., except that he ; وما هي الا ان wa-mā hiya illā an (with following verb in perf.) it was not long until ; presently, forthwith; وما هي الا ان حتى wa-ma hiya illā an ḥattā no sooner had he than e.g..... فما هي الا أن هم حتى فعل(hamma) he had no sooner made his plan than he carried it out

الاسكا alaska Alaska

الاى alay and آلاى ālay pl. -āt regiment

1 الب alaba u i(alb) to gather, join forces, rally II to incite (على ه s.o. against) V to rally, band together, plot, conspire (على against)

2 جبال الالب jibal al-alb the Alps

الالبان al-albān the Albanians

البانيا albāniyā Albania

الخ abbreviation of الى آخره ilā āḳirihī and so on, etc.

الذى alladī f. التى allatī, pl. m. الذين alladīna f. اللاتى allātī, اللواتى allawātī, اللائى allā’ī (relative pronoun) he who, that which; who, which, that|بعد اللتيا والتى ba‘da l-lutayyā wa-llatī after lengthy discussions, after much ado

الزاس (Fr. Alsace) alzās2 Alsace (region of NE France)

الس II to belittle, disparage (على s.o.)

2 الف alf pl. الوف ulūf, آلاف ālāf thousand; millennium|الوف مؤلف(mu’allafa) or آلاف مؤلفة thousands and thousands; عشرات الالوف ašarāt al-u. tens of thousands; مآت الالوف mi’āt al-u. hundreds of thousands

الفى alfī: عيد الفى(‘īd) millennial celebration, millenary

2 الف alif name of the letter|من الفه الى يائه from beginning to end, from A to Z; يعرف الفه وياءه(wa-yā’ahū) he knows it from A to Z; الف باء ABC

3 الف alifa a(alf) to be acquainted, familiar, conversant (هـ with s.th.); to be on intimate terms (ه with s.o.); to be or get accustomed, used, habituated (هـ to); to like (هـ s.th.), be fond of (هـ ); to become tame II to accustom, habituate (هـ ه s.o. to s.th.); to tame, domesticate (هـ an animal); to form (هـ e,g., a committee, a government); to unite, join, combine, put together (بين different things); to compile, compose, write (هـ a book) V to be composed, be made up, consist (من of); to be united, be combined VI to be attuned to each other, be in tune, be in harmony; to harmonize (مع with) VIII to be united, be linked, be connected; to be on familiar, intimate terms (ب with); to form a. coalition (pol.); to fit, س uit (مع s.th.), go well, agree, harmonize (مع with); to be well-ordered, neat, tidy X to seek the intimacy, court the friendship (ه of s.o.)

الف ilf pl. الاف ullāf intimate; close friend, intimate, confidant; lover

الف ulfa familiarity, intimacy; friendship, love, affection; union, concord, harmony, congeniality

اليف alīf familiar, intimate; tame, domesticated (animal); friendly, amicable, genial; (pl. الائف alā’if2) intimate, close friend, associate, companion

الوف alūf familiar, intimate; tame, domesticated (animal); attached, devoted, faithful

مألف ma'laf object of familiarity

تأليف ta’līf formation (e.g., of a government); union, junction, combination (بين of separate things); literary work; composition, compilation, writing (of a book, of an article); (pl. تآليف ta’ālīf2, تواليف ) work, book, publication

تآلف ta’āluf harmony; familiarity, intimacy, mutual affection; comradeship, camaraderie

ائتلاف I’tilāf concord, harmony; agreement (مع with); union; coalition, entente (pol.)

ائتلافي I’tilāfī coalition- (in compounds)| وزارة ائتلافية coalition cabinet

الف ma’lūf familiar, accustomed; usual, customary; custom, usage

مؤلف mu’allif pl. -ūn author, writer; -- mu’allaf composed, consisting, made up (من of); written, compiled; (pl. -āt) book, publication; see also1 الف alf

متآلف muta’ālif harmonious

الق alaqa i,(alq) to shine, radiate, flash, glitter, glisten V and VIII do.

الق alaq brightness, brilliance

الاق allāq bright, shining, brilliant, radiant; glittering, flashing, sparkling

تألق ta’alluq glow, radiance, effulgence

متألق mula’alliq bright, shining, brilliant, radiant

الكتروني elektrōnī electronic|عقل الكتروني(‘aql) electronic computer

2 الم alima a(alam) to be in pain, feel pain; to suffer (y from s.th.) II and IV to cause pain or suffering (ه to s.o.), pain, ache, hurt (ه s.o.) V = I; to complain

الم alam pl. آلام ālām pain, ache, suffering, agony|آلام نفسانية(nafsānīya) mental agony; اسبوع الآلام usbū‘ al-a. Passion Week (Chr.)

اليم alīm aching, sore; sad, grievous, painful, excruciating; hurting

تألم ta’allum sensation of pain, pain, ache

مؤلم mu’allim aching, painful; sad, grievous, distressing

متألم muta’allim aching, painful; in pain, suffering, deeply afflicted; tormented

2 الام ilā-mā see الى

الماس almās (al sometimes interpreted as definite article) diamond

الالمان al-almān the Germans

الماني almānī German; (pl. -ūn, المان almān) a German

المانيا almāniyā Germany

المانية almānīya German character or characteristics, Germanity

اله II to deify (ه s.o.), make a god of s.o. (ه ) V to become a deity, a godhead; to deify o.s.

اله ,الاه ilāh pl. آلهة āliha god, deity, godhead

الاهة ilaha pl. -āt goddess

الهي ,الاهي ilāhī divine, of God; theological; الالاهيات al-ilāhīyāt theological, spiritual concerns علم الالاهيات ‘i1m al-i. theology

الله allāh Allah, God (as the One and Only)|لله درك li-llāh darruka exclamation of admiration and praise, see در

اللهم allāhumma O God!| اللهم الا (illā) unless, were it not that, except that, or at best (after a negative statement); اللهم اذا (idā) at least if or when; if only; اللهم نعم (na‘am) by God, yes! Most certainly!

الوهية ulūhīya divine power, divinity

تأليه ta’līh deification, apotheosis

آله ālih (pagan) god

آلهة āliha pl. -āt goddess

آلهي ālihī divine

متأله muta’allih divine, heavenly

اللاهوت etc., see لاهوت

1(آلو) الا alā u to neglect or fail to do, not to do (في s.th.), desist, refrain (في from s.th.)| لا يألو جهدا في (jahdan) he will go to any length, he spares no effort, goes out of his way for IV to swear|آلى على نفسه ان he promised himself that he ...

ايلاء īlā’ oath

1 آلو (Fr. hallo) hello!

الومنيا alūminyā and الومنيوم aluminyom aluminum

lالى ilā (prep.) to, toward; up to, as far as; till, until; الى ان (conj.) until|الى آخره (āḳirihī) and so forth, et cetera; الى ذلك besides, moreover, furthermore, in addition to that; الى غد till tomorrow! اللقاء الى (liqā’) good-by! الام ilāma (= الى ما ) up to where! how far! الى متى till when! how long! اليك عني (‘annī) get away from me! away with you! الى جانب ذلك (jānibi d.) besides, moreover, in addition to that; هذا الى ان moreover, furthermore; الى غير ذلك (gair d.) and the like; وما اليه and the like, et cetera; ومن اليه (اليهم ) (wa-man) and other people like that; اليك (addressing the reader) now here you have ; here is (are) ; following is (are) ..., e.g., والى القارئ ما in the following, the reader will find what ; اسلوب عبراني الى العربية (uslūb ‘ibrānī) a style of Hebrew approximating Arabic; لا الى هذا ولا الى ذاك neither this way nor that way, belonging to neither group; الامر اليك it’s up to you, the decision is yours

2 آلاء (pl. of الى ilan) benefits, blessings

3 الية alya, ilya pl. alayāt fat tail (of a sheep); buttock

الياذة iliyāda Iliad

1 ام am or? (introducing the second member of an alternative question)

2 امة ama pl. اماء imā’, اموات amawāt bondmaid, slave girl

3 ام amma u (amm) to go, betake o.s., repair (هـ to a place), go to see (ه s.o.); -- (امامة imāma) to lead the way, lead by one’s example (ه s.i.); to lead (ه s.o.) in prayer; -- (امومة umūma) to be or become a mother II to nationalize (هـ s.th.) V to go, betake o.s. repair (هـ to a place), go to see (ه s.o.) VIII to follow the example (ب of s.o.)

ام umm pl. امهات ummahāt mother; source, origin; basis, foundation; original, original version (of a book); the gist, essence of s.th.; pl. امهات matrix (typ.)| ام الحبر u. al-ḥibr cuttlefish squid; ام الحسن u. al-ḥasan (magr.) nightingale; ام الخلول u. al-ḳulūl river mussel (zool.); ام درمان u. durmān Omdurman (city in central Sudan, opposite Khartoum); ام الراس u. ar-ra's skull, brain; cerebral membrane, meninges; ام اربع واربعين u. arba‘ wa-arba‘īn centipede; ام شملة u. šamla(ta) this world, the worldly pleasures; بام العين bi-u. l-‘ain or بام عينه with one’s own eyes; ام القرآن and ام القرآن the first sura of the Koran; ام القرى u. al-qura Mecca; ام الكتاب also: the original text of the Book from which Koranic revelation derives; the uncontested portions of the Koran; ام الوطن u. al-waṯan capital, metropolis; امهات الحوادث the most important events; امهات الحروف matrix (typ.); امهات المسائل the main problems; امهات المسائل the principal virtues

امة umma pl. امم umam nation, people; generation|امة محمد Mohammed's community, the Mohammedans; الامم المتحدة (muttaḥida) the United Nations

امي ummī maternal, motherly; illiterate uneducated; (pl. -ūn) an illiterate

امية ummīya ignorance; illiteracy; see also under2 اموى

اممي umamī international

امومة umūma motherhood; motherliness, maternity

امام amāma (prep.) in front of; in the presence of|الى الامام (amāmi) to the front, forward, onward, ahead; لم يكن الا ان (illā an) he had no other alternative but to ; وقف امامه (waqafa) to oppose, resist, stop, check s.th.

امامى amāmī front, fore-, anterior, forward, foremost|نقطة امامية (nuqṯa) outpost

امام imām pl. ائمة a’imma imam, prayer leader; leader; master; plumb line

امامة imāma imamah, function or office of the prayer leader; imamate; leading position; precedence

تأميم ta’mīm pl. -āt nationalization

1 اما a-mā see|a

2 اما ammā (with foll ف fa) as to, as for, as far as... is concerned; but; yet, however, on the other hand|اما بعد (ba‘du) (a formular phrase linking introduction and actual subject of a book or letter, approx.:) now then …, now to our topic: ...

3 اما immā if; اما -- واما be it -- or, either – or (also اما -- او )

امبراطور imbrāṯūr emperor

امبراطوري imbrāṯūrī imperialist(ic)

امبراطورية imbrātūrīya empire, imperium; imperialism

امبير ambīr pl. امابير amābīr2 ampere (el.)

امبيق imbiq = انبيق

امت amt crookedness, curvedness, curvation, curvature; weakness

امد amad pl. آماد āmād end, terminus, extremity; period, stretch or span of time, time; distance|منذ امد بعيد for a long time (past); قصير الامد short-dated; of short duration, short-lived; short-term

امر amara u (amr) to order, command, bid, instruct (ه s.i. ب to do s.th.), commission, charge, entrust (ه s.o. ب with s.th. or to do s.th.); -- amara, amura u (امارة imāra) to become an emir II to invest with authority, make an emir (ه s.o., على over) III to ask s.o. 's (ه ) advice, consult (ه s.o.) V to come to power; to set o.s. up as lord and master; to behave like an emir; to assume an imperious attitude; to be imperious, domineering VI to take counsel, deliberate together, confer, consult with each other; to plot, conspire (على against) VIII to deliberate, take counsel) (ب about); to conspire, plot, hatch a plot (ب against s.o.)| ائتمر بامره to carry out s.o.’s orders

امر amr 1. pl. اوامر awāmir2 order, command, instruction (ب to do s.th.); ordinance, decree; power, authority; (gram.) imperative| امر عال (‘ālin) royal decree (formerly, Eg.); امر علي (‘alīy) decree, edict of the Bey (formerly, Tun.); امر قانوني ordinance having the force of law (Tun.); الامر والنهي (wa-nnahy) pl. الاوامر والنواهي (lit.: command and interdiction, i.e.) sovereign power; full power(s), supreme authority; امر توريد (delivery) order (com.); تحت امرك at your disposal, at your service. -- 2. pl. امور umūr matter, affair, concern, business|امر واقع (accomplished) fact; امر معروف common knowledge; في اول الامر at first, in the beginning; لامر ما (amrin) for some reason or other; اليس الامر كذلك isn't it so? اما والامر كذلك (ammā wa-l-amru) things being as they are, there will, no doubt, ...; مهما يكن من امر (min amrin) whatever may happen; however things may be; هو بين امرين he has two possibilities (or alternatives); الامر الذى which (introducing a relative clause the antecedent of which is another clause); قضى امره qudiya amruhu it's all over with him; in the latter and similar phrases, امره is a frequent paraphrase of "he"

امر immar simple-minded, stupid

امرة imra power, influence, authority, command|امرته under his command

امارة amāra pl. -āt, امائر amā’ir2 sign, token, indication, symptom, mark, characteristic

امارة imāra position or rank of an emir; princely bearing or manners; principality, emirate; authority, power|امارة البحر i. al-baḥr office or jurisdiction of an admiral, admiralty; امارات ساحل عمان (i. s. ‘ummān) Trucial Oman

امير amīr pl. امراء umarā’ commander; prince, emir; title of princes of a ruling house; tribal chief| امير الاى (alay) commander of a regiment (formerly, Eg.; approx.: colonel; as a naval rank, approx.: captain); امير الامراء approx.: major general (Tun.); امير البحار (Eg. 1939) approx.: admiral, كبير امراء البحار (Eg. 1939) approx.: fleet admiral; امير البحر a. al-baḥr admiral (when referring to a non-Arab officer of this rank; Eg. 1939 approx.: vice-admiral); امير البحر الاكبر or امير البحار الاعظم fleet admiral (when referring to a non-Arab officer of this rank); امير اللواء a. al-liwā’ (Ir., since 1933) brigadier; امير لواء العسة a. l. al-‘assa commandant of the Bey's palace guard (formerly, Tun.); امير المؤمنين a. al-mu’minīn Commander of the Faithful, Caliph

اميرة amīr pl. -āt princess

اميري amīrī (and ميري mīrī) goverment(a1), state-owned, state, public| ارض اميري (arḍ) government land (Syr.); المطبعة الاميرية government press

امار ammār constantly urging, always demanding (ب to do s.th.); inciting, instigating| النفس الامارة بالسوء (nafs, sū’) the baser self (of man) that incites to evil

تأمور ta’mūr soul, mind, spirit; pericardium (anat.)|التهاب التأمور pericarditis (med.)

مؤامرة mu’āmara pl. -āt deliberation, counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy

تأمر ta’ammur imperiousness, domineeringness; imperious deportment, overbearing manners

تآمر ta’āmur joint consultation, counsel, deliberation, conference; plot, conspiracy

ائتمار i’timār deliberation, counsel, conference; plot, conspiracy

استئمارة isti’māra (frequently written استمارة ) form, blank

آمر āmir commander; lord, master; orderer, purchaser, customer, client| الآمر الناهى absolute master, vested with unlimited authority

مأمور ma’mūr commissioned, charged; commissioner; civil officer, official, esp., one in executive capacity; the head of a markaz and qism (Eg.)| مأمور البوليس commissioner of police; مأمور التفلسة (taflīsa) receiver (in bankruptcy; jur.); مأمور m. al-ḥaraka traffic manager (railroad); مأمور التصفية m. al-taṣfīya receiver (in equity, in bankruptcy; jur.)

مأمورية ma’mūrīya pl. -āt order, instruction; errand; task, assignment, mission; commission; commissioner's office, administrative branch of a government agency, e.g., مأمورية قضائية (qaḍā’īya) judicial commission charged with jurisdiction in outlying communities (Eg.)

متآمرون muta’āmirūn, conspirators, plotters

مؤتمون mu’tamirūn conspirators, plotters; members of a congress, convention, or conference, conferees

مؤتمر mu’tamar pl. -āt conference; convention, congress|مؤتمر الصلح m. aṣ-ṣulḥ peace conference

امرك II ta’amraka to become Americanized, adopt the American way of life, imitate the Americans

تأمرك ta’amruk Americanization

امرلس amarillis amaryllis (bot.)

امريكا amrīkā (formerly, also امريقا ) America| امريكا الجنوبية (janūbīya) South America

امريكي amrīkī American; (pl. -ūn) an American

الامريكان al-amrīkān the Americans

امريكاني amrīkānī American; (pl. -ūn) an American

امس amsu (but acc. امسا amsan) the day past, yesterday; the immediate past, recent time; -- amsi (adv.) yesterday; recently, lately, not long ago| بالامس bi-l-amsi yesterday; not long ago; امس الاول a. l-awwal two days ago, the day before yesterday

امسية umsīya pl. -āt, اماسى amāsīy evening

امستردام amstirdām Amsterdam

امشير amšīr the sixth month of the Coptic calendar

امع imma‘ and امعة imma‘a characterless person; opportunist, timeserver

امل amala u (amal) to hope (هـ or ب for), entertain hopes (هـ or ب of) II to hope; to expect (من هـ s.th. of s.o.); to raise hope. (ه in s.o.), hold out hope. (ه for s.o.), give (ه s.o.) reason to hope or expect| امله خيرا (ḳairan) to let s.o. hope for the best V to look attentively (هـ, في at), regard, contemplate (هـ, في s.th.); to meditate; to consider, think over, ponder (هـ, في s.th.), reflect (هـ, في on)

امل amal pl. آمال āmāl hope, expectation (في of s.th., also ب)| امل كاذب fallacious hope

مأمل ma’mal pl. مآمل ma’amil2 hope

تأمل ta’ammul pl. -āt consideration; contemplation; pl. تأملات meditations

آمل āmil hopeful

مؤمل mu’ammil hopeful

مأمول ma’mūl hoped for, expected

متأمل muta’ammil contemplative, meditative, reflective; pensive, wistful, musing

امن amuna u (امانة amāna) to be faithful, reliable, trustworthy; -- amina a (amn, امان amān) to be safe, feel safe (من or هـ from) II to reassure (ه s.o.), set s.o.’s (ه ) mind at rest; to assure, ensure, safeguard, guarantee, warrant, bear out, confirm, corroborate (على, هـ s.th.); to insure (ضد الحريق against fire); to entrust (ه to s.o., على s.th.); to say "amen" (على to s.th.) IV to believe (ب in) VIII to trust (ه s.o.), have confidence, have faith (ه in); to entrust (على ه s.o. with, to s.o s.th.) X = VIII; to ask for protection, for a promise of security, for indemnity (ه s.o.)

امن amn safety; peace, security, protection|الامن العام (‘āmm) public safety; رجال الامن the police

امان amān security, safety; peace; shelter, protection; clemency, quarter (mil.); safeguarding, assurance of protection; indemnity, immunity from punishment|في امان الله (a valedictory phrase) in God's protection!

امين amīn pl. امناء umanā’2 reliable, trustworthy, loyal, faithful, upright, honest; safe, secure; authorized representative or agent; trustee; guarantor (على of); chief, head; superintendent, curator, custodian, guardian, keeper; chamberlain; master of a guild (Tun.); (mil.) approx.: quartermaster-sergeant (Eg. 1939)| الامين الاول (awwal) Lord Chamberlain (formerly, at the Eg. Court); كبير الامناء approx.: Chief Master of Ceremonies (ibid.); امين المخزن a. al-maḳzan warehouse superintendent; stock clerk; امين سر الدولة a. sirr ad-daula and امين السر a. as-sirr permanent secretary of state (Sy,.); امين الصندوق a. aṣ-ṣundūq and امين المال treasurer; cashier; امين العاصمة mayor (esp. Ir.); امين عام (‘āmm) secretary general; امين المكتب a. al-maktab (formerly) a subaltern rank in the Eg. navy (1939)

آمين āmīn amen!

امانة amāna reliability, trustworthiness; loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, fealty; integrity, honesty; confidence, trust, good faith; deposition in trust; trusteeship; (pl. -āt) s.th. deposited in trust, a deposit, trust, charge; secretariat|امانة الصندوق a. aṣ-ṣundūq treasury department; امانة عامة (‘āmma) secretariat general; محزن الامانات maḳzan al-a. baggage checkroom

مأمن ma’man place of safety, safe place

تأمين ta’mīn securing, protection; assurance; safeguarding; reassurance; ensuring; guaranty, warranty; security, surety; insurance| تأمين اجتماعي (ijtimā’ī) social security; تأمين ضد الحريق (ḍidda) fire insurance; تأمين على الحياة (ḥayāh) life insurance

ايمان iman faith, belief (ب in)

ائتمان I’timān trust, confidence; credit

استئمان isti’mān trust, confidence

آمن āmin peaceful

مأمون ma’mūn reliable, trustworthy

مؤمن عليه mu’amman ‘alaihi insured

مؤمن mu’min believing, faithful; believer

مؤتمن mu’taman entrusted (على with); confidant; sequestrator (jur.)

امنيبوس omnibus omnibus, bus

1 اموى amawī of or like a bondmaid or handmaid

2 اموي umawī Ommiad (adj.)

بنو امية banū umayya the Ommiads

اميبا amībā amoebae

اميرال amīrāl admiral

اميركا , اميركه amērikā, amērika America

اميرالية amīrālīya admiralty

1 ان an (conj.) that; -- in 1. (conj.) if; وان wa-in although, even though, even if; وان – ان be it -- or (be it); الا illā (= ان لا ) look up alphabetically 2. (particle) not, esp. in the phrase ان هو الا in huwa illā (f. ان هي الا ) it is nothing but, it is no more than

2 ان anna (conj.) that; بما انه bi-mā annahū since he (it), because he (it); على انه ‘alā annahū while he (it), whereas he (it); introducing a main clause: however, yet; وذلك انه that is to say, namely, to wit; -- innā (intensifying particle introducing a nominal clause) verily, truly (in most cases not translated in English)

انما innamā but, but then; yet, however; rather, on the contrary

3 ان anna i (انين anīn, تأنان ta’nān) to groan, moan (من at)

انة anna pl. -āt moan, groan| انات وآهات wails and laments

انين anīn plaintive sound, wail; groan, moan(ing)

انا ana I

اناني anānī egotistic; egoistic(al), selfish

انانية anānīya egoism, selfishness

الاناضل al-anāḍul Anatolia

اناناس anānas pineapple

انب II to blame, censure, reprehend, upbraid (ه s.o.)

تأنيب ta’nīb blame, censure, rebuke

انبا (pronounced ambā) Abba, a high ecclesiastic title of the Coptic Church, preceding the names of metropolitans, bishops, patriarchs, and saints (< Άββα)

انبار anbār pl. انابر anābir2, انابير anābīr2 warehouse, storehouse, storeroom

انباشي (Turk. onbaşı) onbašī a mil. rank: corporal (formerly, Eg.); وكيل انباشي approx.: private first class (Eg.)

انبوب ,انبوبة see نب

انبيق inbīq alembic

انت an-ta, f. anti thou, you (2nd pers. sing.); pl. m. انتم antum, f. انتن antunna you (2nd pers. pl. and polite form of address); dual انتما antumā both of you

انتذا anta-dā it’s you!

انتيكخانة antīkḳāna museum

انتيكة antīka pl. -āt (eg.) old, old-fashioned, outmoded

انتمون antimūn antimony

انث anuta u (انوثة unūta) to be or become feminine, womanly, womanish, effeminate II to make feminine; to effeminate, make effeminate; to put into the feminine form (gram.) V to become feminine (also gram.)

انثى untā pl. اناث ināt, اناثى anātā feminine; female; a female (of animals); الانثيان al-untayān the testicles

انثوى untawī womanly, female, women's (in compounds); effeminate, womanish

انوثة unūta femininity, womanliness

تأنيث ta’nīt the feminine, feminine form (gram.)

مؤنث mu’annat (gram.) feminine (adj.)

انثروبولوجيا antrōbōlōjiyā anthropology

انجاص injās (syr.) pear

انجلترا (It. Inghilterra) ingilterā England

الانجليز al-ingəlīz the English

انجليزى ingəlīzī English; Englishman

انجيل injil pl. اناجيل anajīl2 gospel

انجيلى injīlī evangelical; evangelist

انجيلية injīlīya evangelical creed

الاندلس al-andalus Spain

اندونيسيا indūnīsiyā Indonesia

انس anisa a and anusa u (uns) to be companionable, sociable, nice, friendly, genial; انس به to like s.o.’s company, like to be together with s.o.; to be or get on intimate terms (ب or الى with s.o.); to be used, accustomed, habituated (الى to); to perceive, notice, find (هـ a quality, في, من in s.o.); to sense, feel, make out, recognize (هـ s.th., في in, at)| انس لحديثه (li-ḥadītihī) to like to listen to s.o. II to put at ease; to tame III to be friendly, nice (ه to s.o.); to entertain, amuse (ه s.o.) IV to keep s.o. (ه ) company; to entertain, delight, amuse (ه s.o.); to perceive, discern, make out (with the eyes; هـ s.th.); to sense (هـ s.th.); to find, see, notice, observe, e.g., آنس فيه الكفاية he saw that be was duly qualified, that he was a capable man V to become incarnate (Son of God) X to be sociable, companionable; to get on familiar terms, become intimate; to become tame; to be friendly, nice, kind (ه to s.o.); to accommodate o.s., accustom o.s., settle down; to be familiar, familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (ب or الى with); to inform o.s., gather information (ب ahout); to take into consideration, take into account, bring into play (ب s.th.), draw upon s.th. (ب ); to listen (ل to s.th.), heed (ب an opinion)

انس uns sociability; intimacy, familiarity, friendly atmosphere

انسى unsī: كعب انسى (ka‘b) talus, inner anklebone (anat.)

انس ins (coll.) man, mankind, human race

انسي insī human; human being

ناس nās (coll.) and اناس unās people

ناسوت nāsūt mankind, humanity

اناسى anāsīy (pl.) people, human beings, humans

انيس anīs close, intimate; close friend; friendly, kind, affable, civil, polite, courteous

انسان insan man, human being| انسان العين i. al-‘ain pupil (of the eye)

انسانة insāna woman

انسانى insānī human; humane; humanitarian, philanthropist

انسانية insānīya humanity, humaneness; politeness, civility; mankind, the human race

مؤانسة mu’ānasa intimacy, familiarity, friendliness, geniality, cordiality; sociability; conviviality

ايناس īnās exhilaration; friendliness, geniality; familiarity, intimacy, cordiality; sociability

تأنس ta’annus incarnation (Chr.)

ائتناس I’tinās social life, sociability

آنسة ānisa pl. -āt, اوانس awānis2 young lady, miss

مأنوس ma’nūs familiar, accustomed

مستأنس musta’nis tame

انش (Engl.) inš inch

انشوجة (It. acciuga) anšūga (eg.) anchovy

انطاكية anṯākiya2 Antioch (ancient city in Syria; now Antakya, in S Turkey)

انطولوجى onṯōlōjī ontologic(al) (philos.)

انف anifa a (anaf) to disdain, scorn (من s.th., ان to do s.th.); to reject haughtily (هـ s.th.) X to resume, renew, recommence (هـ s.th.); (jur.) to appeal (هـ a sentence)

انف anf pl. آناف ānāf, انوف unūf nose; spur (of a mountain); pride| رغم انفه ragma anfihi in defiance of him, to spite him; كسر انفه (anfahū) to humiliate s.o., to put s.o.'s nose out of joint; شامح الانف stuck-up, haughty, proud

انفى anfī nasal

انفة anafa pride; rejection; disdain (من of s.th.)

انوف anūf proud, haughty, stuck-up, supercilious, disdainful

استئناف isti’nāf fresh start, recommencement, renewal, resumption, reopening (also, of a legal case); appeal (jur.)| قدم استئنافا (qaddama) to appeal, make an appeal (jur.)

استئنافى isti’nāfī of appeal, appellate; استئنافيا isti’nāfīyan by appeal

آنف ānif preceding, above| آنف الذكر (dikr) preceding, above, above-mentioned; آنفا ānifan previously, above, in the foregoing

مؤتنف mu’tanaf primordial, virginal state; beginning

انفرس (Fr. Anvers) anvers Antwerp (city in N Belgium)

انفلونزا influwanzā influenza, grippe

انق aniqa a to be neat, trim, smart, spruce, comely, pretty; to be happy (ب about), be delighted (ب by) IV to please (ه s.o.)|يؤنقه الشيء (šai’u) he likes the thing V to apply o.s. eagerly and meticulously (فى to); to be meticulous, fastidious, finical; to be chic, elegant

اناقة anāqa elegance

انيق anīq neat, trim, spruce, comely, pretty; elegant, chic

انوق anūq Egyptian vulture (Neophron perenopterus)| اعز من بيض الانوق a‘azz2 min baiḍi l-a. (lit.: rarer than the eggs of a vulture, i.e.) approx.: scarcer than hens’ teeth (proverbially for s.th. rare)

تأنق ta’annuq elegance

مؤنق mu’anniq, مونق mūniq pretty, comely, winsome, nice, pleasing

متأنق muta’anniq chic, elegant

انقره anqara Ankara

انقليس anqalīs eel

آنك ānuk lead (metal)

انكشارى inkišārī pl. -īya Janizary

انكلترا , انكلترة (It. Inghilterra) ingilterā, ingiltera England

انكلوسكسون al-anglosaksūn the Anglo-Saxons

انكلوسكسونية al-anglosaksūnīya Anglo-Saxondom

الانكليز al-inglīz the Engliah

انكليزى inglīzī English; Englishman

انكليس ankalīs eel

الانام al-anām and الآنام (coll.) mankind, the human race

انموذج unmūdaj model, pattern; type, example; sample, specimen

انمون anamūn anemone (bot.)

1 انى anā i to mature, become ripe; to draw near, approach, come (esp. time)| انى له ان it is (high) time that he; esp. in negative statements: الم يأن a-lam ya'ni? isn't it about time ...? V to act slowly, proceed unhurriedly, bide one's time, be patient X to take one's time, hesitate (فى in, with); to wait

انى anan pl. آناء ānā’ (span of) time, period| فى آناء الليل (laili) all night long; آناء الليل واطراف النهار ānā’a l-laili wa-aṯrāfa n-nahār by day and by night

اناة anāh deliberateness; perseverance, patience| طول الاناة ṯūl al-a. long-suffering, great patience; طويل الاناة long-suffering (adj.)

اناء inā’ pl. آنية āniya, اوان awānin2 vessel, container, receptacle| آنية الطعام a.. aṯ-ṯa‘ām table utensils, dishes; mess kit

تأن ta’annin slowness, deliberateness

متأن muta’annin slow, unhurried, deliberate

2 انى annā (interrog. part.) where from? why is it that ? why? Where? (place and direction); how? wherever; however| وانى له الا (allā) and why shouldn't he ?

انيسون anīsūn, آنيسون aniseed

انيميا anīmiyā anemia|○ انيميا خبيثة pernicious anemia (med.)

آه āhi! آها āhan! (interj.) oh!

اهب II to prepare, make ready, equip (ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. for) V to be ready, be prepared; to prepare o.s., get ready; to equip s.o., be equipped (ل for)

اهبة uhba pl. اهب uhab preparation, preparedness, readiness, alertness; equipment, outfit, gear| اهبة الحرب u. al-ḥarb military equipment; على اهبة الرحيل ready to set out; على اهبة الاستعداد fully prepared; on the alert (mil.); أخذ اهبته to make one's preparations, get ready

اهاب ihāb skin, hide

تأهب ta’ahhub preparedness, readiness; (pl. -āt) preparation

متأهب muta’ahhib ready, prepared

اهل ahala u (اهول uhūl) to take a wife, get married; -- ahila a to be on familiar terms (ب with); -- pas. uhila to be inhabited, be populated (region, place) II to make fit or suited, to fit, qualify (ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. for); to make possible (هـ ل for s.o. s.th.), enable (هـ ل s.o. to do s.th.), make accessible (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.); to welcome (ب s.o.) V to be or become fit, suited, qualified (ل for s.th.); to take a wife; to marry, get married X to deserve merit (هـ s.th.), be worthy (هـ of)

اهل ahl pl. –ūn, اهال ahālin relatives, folks, family; kin, kinfolk; wife; (with foll. genit.) people, members, followers, adherents, possessors, etc.; inhabitants; deserving, worthy (ل of s.th.); fit, suited, qualified (ل for); pl. الأهلون, الأهالى the natives, the native population| اهل البيت a. al-bait members (of the house, i.e.) of the family; the Prophet's family; اهل الدار the people living in the house; اهل الحرفة a. al-ḥirfa people of the trade; اهل الحلف a. al-ḥilf people pledged by oath, members of a sworn confederacy; اهل الخبرة a. al-ḳibra people of experience, experts; اهل السفسطة a. al-safsata Sophists; اهل السنة a. as-sunna the adherents of the Sunna, the Sunnis; اهل المدر والوبر a. al-madar wa-l-wabar the resident population and the nomads; اهل الوجاهة a. al-wajāha people of rank and high social standing; اهلا وسهلا ahlan wa-sahlan welcome! اهلا بك ahlan bika welcome to youl له في دارنا اهل he is a welcome guest in our house

اهلي ahlī domestic, family (adj.); native, resident; indigenous; home, national| بنك اهلي national bank (Eg.); حرب اهلية (ḥarb) civil war; محكمة اهلية (maḥkama) indigenous court (Eg.); القضاء الأهلي (qaḍā’) jurisdiction of indigenous courts; الإنتاج الأهلي (intāj) domestic production; وقف اهلي (waqf) family wakf

اهلية ahlīya aptitude, fitness, suitableness, competence; qualification | الأهلية القانونية the civil rights; كامل الأهلية legally competent; عديم الأهلية legally incompetent, under tutelage

آهل ahil and مأهول ma’hūl inhabited, populated (region, place)

مؤهلات mu’ahhilāt qualifications, abilities, aptitudes

متأهل muta’ahhil married

مستأهل musta’hil worthy, deserving, meriting; entitled

اهليلج ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse (geom.)

اهليلجي ihlīlajī elliptic(al)

او au or; (with foll. subj.) unless except that

1(اوب) آب āba u (aub, اوبة auba, اياب iyab) to return; ب آب to catch, contract, suffer, incur s.th., be in for s.th., be left with, get one’s share of

من كل اوب min kulli aubin from all sides or directions; من كل اوب وصوب (ṣaubin) do.

اوبة auba return

اياب iyāb return | ذهابا وايابا dahāban wa-iyaban there and back; back and forth, up and down

مآب ma’āb place to which one returns; (used as verbal noun:) return | ذهوب ومآب coming and going

2 آب look up alphabetically

اوبرا and اوبرا (It. opera) ōpərā opera; opera house

اوبريت (Fr.) ōpərēt operetta

اوت (Fr. août) August (month; mağr.)

اوتوبيس (Fr. autobus) otobīs autobus, bus

اوتجراف (Fr.) otogrāf pl. -āt autograph

اوتوقراطي oṯūqrāṯī autocratic

اوتوماتيكي (Fr.) otomātīkī automatic

اوتوموبيل (Fr.) otombīl automobile

اوتيل (Fr.) ōtēl pl. -āt hotel

اوج auj highest point, acme, pinnacle; culmination, climax; apogee (astron.); peak (fig.; of power. of fame)

آح āḥ albumen, eggwhite

O آحين āḥīn albumin

(اود) آد āda u (aud) to bend, flex, curve, crook (هـ s.th.); to burden, oppress, weigh down (هـ s.o.); -- اود awida a (awad) to bend; to be bent V to bend; to bow

اودة auda burden, load

اود awad: قام باوده to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by s.o. in time of need; أقام اوده (awadahū) do.; to support s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of subsistence

اوار uwār heat, blaze; thirst

اوربا urubbā Europe

اوربي urubbī Europesn

اورشليم ūrušalīm2 Jerusalem

اورطة (= ارطة ) urṯa pl. ارط uraṯ battalion (formerly, Eg.; mil.)

اورغوي uruguwāy Uruguay

اوركسترا (It.) arkestrā orchestra

اورنيك (Turk. örnek) urnīk pl. ارانيك arānīk2 sample, specimen; model, pattern; form, blank

اوروبا urubbā, اوروﭙا Europe

اوروبي urubbī Europesn

اوروجواي uruguwāy Uruguay

اوز II (eg.) to ridicule (على s.o.), make fun of s.o. (على )

اوز iwazz (col1.; n. un.) goose, geese

آس ās myrtle; see also alphabetically

اوستراليا usturāliyā Australia

اوستريا (It.) austriyā Austria

اوسلو Oslo

اوسطى ūsṯā see اسطى

اوشية ūšīya pl. اواش awāšin prayer, oration (Copt.-Chr.)

آفة āfa pl. -āt harm, hurt, damage, ruin, bane, evil; epidemic, plague; plant epidemic

مؤوف ma’ūf stricken by an epidemic

اوفرول (Engl.) ovirōl overalls

l(اوق) آق āqa u to bring s.o. (على ) bad luck, cause discomfort or hardship (على to) II to burden (ه s.o.) with s.th. unpleasant, troublesome or difficult

2 اوقة see اقة

3 اويقات uwaiqāt (dimin. of اوقات ) short times; good times

اويقيانس ,اويقيانوس oqiyānus, oqiyānūs ocean

اوقية ūqīya pl. -āt ounce, a weight of varying magnitude (Eg.: 37.44 g; Aleppo 320 g; Jerusalem 240 g; Beirut 213.3 g)

اوكازيون (Fr. occasion) okazyōn clearing sale, special sale

اوكرانيا ukrānīya Ukraine

اوكسجين (Fr. oxygène) oksižēn oxygen

(اول) آل āla u (aul, مآل ma’āl) to return, revert (الى to); to go back, be attributed, be attributable (الى to), spring, derive (الى from); to lead, conduce, tend (الى to), result eventually (الى in); to come or go eventually (الى to s.o.), pass into the hands of (الى) | آل الأمر الى the long and the short of it was that ; آل به المطاف الى (maṯāfu) he eventually got to the point where II to interpret, explain (هـ s.th.)

آل āl family, relatives, kinsfolk, clan; companions, partisans, people; mirage, fatamorgana

آلة āla pl. -āt instrument, utensil; tool; apparatus; device, implement, appliance; machine| آلات الحس ā. al-ḥiss sensory organs; آلة بخارية (buḳārīya) steam engine; آلة الجر ā. al-jarr tractor; آلة جهنمية (jahannamīya) infernal machine; آلة حربية (ḥarbīya) instrument of war; آلة التحريك motor, engine; آلة حاسبة calculating machine; آلة الحياكة a. al-ḥiyāka power loom; آلة الخياطة sewing machine; آلة راديو radio; آلة رافعة hoisting machine, crane, derrick; pump; آلة التسخين and آلة مسخنة (musaḳḳina) heater; آلة التصوير (photographic) camera; آلة الطباعة printing press; آلة الغسل a. al-gasl washing machine; آلة التفريخ incubator; آلة الاستقبال receiver, receiving set (radio); آلة مقطرة (muqaṯṯira) distilling apparatus, still; آلة الكتابة and آلة كاتبة typewriter; آلة لعب القمار a. la‘b al-qimār slot machine; آلة موسيقية (mūsīqīya) musical instrument; آلة التنبيه alarm; siren horn (of an automobile); آلة صماء (ṣammā’) (fig.) tool, creature, puppet

آلى ālī mechanic(al); mechanized; motorized; instrumental; organic| محراث آلي (miḥrat) motor plow; القوات الآلية (quwāt) motorized troops; حركة آلية (ḥaraka) a mechanical movement

آلية ālīya mechanics

آلاتى ālātī pl. آلاتية ālātīya (eg.) musician; singer

اول awwal2, f. اولى ūlā, pl. m. -ūn, اوائل awā’il2 first; foremost, most important, principal, chief, main; first part, beginning; (with def. article also) earlier, previous, former; see a1so under ولى| الانسان الاول (insān) primitive man; طبيب اول physician-in-chief; الاوائل, الاولون the forebears, forefathers, ancestors; اوائل الشهر a. aš-šahr the first ten days of a month, beginning of a month; لاول مرة li-awwali marratin or للمرة الاولى for the first time; من اوله, من اوائله since its beginnings, from the very beginning; من اوله الى آخره (āḳirihī) from beginning to end, from A to Z; اول الامر awwala l-amr at first, in the beginning; الاول فالاول each time the first available; اول ما (awwala) the moment when, just when; at the very outset of; اكثر من الاول (aḳtara) more than before

اولا awwalan first, firstly, in the first place; at first, in the beginning| اولا باول and اولا فأولا by and by, gradually, one after the other, one by one; اولا واخيرا and اولا وآخرا (āḳiran) first and I~st, altogether; simply and solely, merely

اولى awwalī prime, primary, primordial, original, initial, first; elemental, fundamental, basic, principal, chief, main; elementary; primitive, pristine, primeval| مدرسة اولية (madrasa) elementary school, grade school; مواد اولية (mawādd) raw materials; عدد اولى (‘adad) prime number; فاتورة اولية (fātūra) pro forma invoice

اولية awwalīya pl. -āt fundamental truth, axiom; primary constituent, essential component, element; precedence; priority

ايل ayyil, iyyal, uyyal pl. ايائل ayā’il2 stag

ايالة iyāla pl. -āt province; regency

ايلولة ailūla title deed (jur.)

مآل ma’āl end; outcome, final issue, upshot; result, consequence| في الحال وفي المآل at present and in the future

تأويل ta’wīl pl. -āt interpretation, explanation

اولاء ulā’i, اولئك, اولائك ulā’ika these; those, pl. of the demonstr. pron. ذا and ذلك

اولمبى olimbī Olympic| الالعاب الاولمبية the Olympic games

اولمبياد olimbiyād Olympiad

اولو ulū (pl. of ذو ) owners, possessors, people (with foll.genit.: of)| اولو الامر u. l-amr rulers, powerful leaders; اولو الحل والعقد u. l-ḥall wa-l-'aqd (lit.: masters of solving and binding) do.; اولو الشأن u. š-ša’n the responsible people

1 اوام uwām thirst

2 اوم ohm (el.)

اومنيبوس omnībūs omnibus, bus

1 آن ān time; الآن al-āna now| فى آن and فى آن واحد at the same time, simultaneously; من آن الى آخر (āḳara) from time to time; ما بين آن وآخر (wa-āḳara) and آنا بعد آن sometimes, at times, now and then: once in a while; آنا فآنا gradually, by and by, little by little; آنا -- وآونة (āwinatan) sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at times; قبل الآن qabla l-āna before, previously, formerly; للآن li-l-āna and حتى الآن ḥattā l-āna until now, hitherto, so far; بعد الآن ba‘da l-āna from now on, henceforth, in the future; من الآن فصاعدا min al-āna fa-ṣā‘idan do.

آنئذ āna’idin that day, at that time, then

آنذاك ānadāka that day, at that time, then

اون aun calmness, serenity, gentleness

اوان awān pl. آونة āwina time| قبل اوانه prematurely; في اوانه at the right time, timely, seasonably, في غير اوانه at the wrong time, untimely, unseasonably; بين الآونة from time to time; بين الآونة والاخرى (uḳrā) and آونة وأخرى (āwinatan, uḳrā) at times, sometimes; آونة – وأخرى sometimes – sometimes, at times – at times; فات الاوان (fāta) it is too late; آن الاوان (āna) the time has come, it is time (ل for, to do s.th.)

2 ايوان look up alphabetically

اونباشى onbašī corporal, see انباشى

(اوه) آه āha u and II to moan, sigh V to moan, sigh; to sigh with admiration (ل over), exclaim “ah!”

اوه awwah (interj.) oh!

آه āhi, آهـ āhan, اواه awwāhi oh!

آهة āha pl. -āt sigh, moan; pl. آهات sighs of admiration; rapturous exclamations

تأوه ta’awwuh moaning. sighing; admiring exclamation; plaintive sound, wail

اوى awā i to seek refuge, seek shelter (الى at a place); to go (الى to bed); to betake o.s., repair (الى to a place); to shelter, house, put up, lodge, accommodate, receive as a guest (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II to shelter, lodge, put up, accommodate, receive as a guest (ه s.o.) IV to seek shelter (الى at a place), to retire (الى to a place); to betake o.s., repair (الى to a place); to shelter, house, put up, lodge, accommodate (ه s.o.)

ايواء īwā’ accommodation, lodging, housing, sheltering

مأوى ma’wan pl. مآو ma’āwin place of refuge, retreat, shelter; abode; resting place; dwelling, habitation| مأوى ليلى (lailī) shelter for the night; doss house

ابن آوى ibn āwā pl. بنات آوى banāt a. jackal

1 آية āya, coll. آي āy, pl. -āt sign, token, mark; miracle; wonder, marvel, prodigy; model, exemplar, paragon, masterpiece (فى of, e.g., of organization, etc.); Koranic verse, آي الذكر الحكيم (āy ad-dikr) the verses of the Koran; passage (in a book), utterance, saying, word; آيات (with foll. genit.) moat solemn assurances (of love, of gratitude)

2 اى ay that is (to say), i.e.; namely, to wit

3 اى ī yes (with foll. والله yes indeed! Yes, by God!)

4 اى ayy, f. اية ayya (with foll. genit. or suffix) which? what? what kind of? Whoever, whosoever; any, every, no matter what ; (with neg.) no; ايما ayyumā whatever, whatsoever|اية كانت, ايا كان ayyan kāna, ayyatan kānat whoever he (or she) is, no matter who he (or she) is; اي من كان ayyu man kāna whoever it may be, whosoever; على اي حال (ayyi ḥālin) in any case, at any rate, at all events, by all means; اى واحد ayyu wāḥidin any one; ان له شأنا اى شأن inna lahū ša’nan ayya ša’nin it is of the greatest importance (lit.: it is of importance, and of what importance!); اعجب به ايما اعجاب u‘jiba bihi ayyama i‘jābin how much he admired him! he admired him greatly; اقبل عليه ايما اقبال aqbala ‘alaihi ayyama iqbālin he showed the greatest interest in it

ايا iyyā with nominal suffix to express the accusative|اياك ان take care not to ..., be careful not to ...; اياك من, اياك و beware of ! واياك (dial. wayyāk), واياه (wayyāh) with you, with him

ايار see2 اير

ايد II to back, support (ه , s.o., هـ a claim, an aspiration, etc.); to confirm, corroborate, endorse (هـ news, a. judgment, etc.) V = pass. of II

تأييد ta’yīd corroboration, confirmation, endorsement, backing, support

ايدروجين (Fr. Hydrogène) idrožēn hydrogen

قنبلة ايدروجينية (qunbula) hydrogen bomb

1 اير air pl. ايور uyūr penis

2 ايار ayyār2 May (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)

ايران īrān Iran, Persia

ايرانى īrānī Iranian, Persian; (pl. -ūn) a Persian, an Iranian

ايرلندا irlandā Ireland

ايرلندى irlandī Irish; (pl. -ūn) Irishman

ايريال (Engl.) ēriyāl aerial, antenna

ايزيس īzīs Isis

ايس ayisa a (اياس iyās) to despair (من of s.th.)

اياس iyās despair

ايشرب (Fr. écharp,) sash

(ايض )آض āḍa i to return, revert (الى to s.th.); to become (الى s.th.)

ايضا aiḍan also, too, as well, likewise, equally; again; in addition, besides, moreover

ايطاليا īṯālīyā Italy

ايطالى īṯālī Italian; (pl. -ūn) an Italian

ايقونة (Gr. είκών) īqūna and ايقونية īqūnīya pl. -āt icon (Chr.)

ايك aik (coll.; n. un. ة ) thicket, jungle

1 ايل and ايالة see اول

2 ايلول ailūl2 September (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)

3 ايلولة ailūla title deed (jur.)

(ايم) آم āma i: آم من زوجته (zaujatihī) to lose one's wife, become or be a widower, آمت من زوجها (zaujiha) to lose one’s husband, become or be a widow

ايمة aima, ايوم uyūm and تأيم ta’ayyum widowhood

ايم ayyim pl. ايائم ayā’im2, ايامى ayāmā widower, widow

ايوم aiwam2 see يوم

ايما ayyumā see4 اي ayy

1(اين) آن āna i to come, approach, draw near (time)| آن الاوان (awān) the time has come: آن له ان it’s time for him to ...

آن see اون

اين aina where? (= at or to what place?)| من اين min aina where … from? الى اين where? (= to what place?) اين نحن من how far we still are from … worlds separate us from (fig.); اين هذا من ذاك what is this compared with that!

الاين al-ainu the where; space (philos.)

اينما ainamā wherever

ايان ayyāna when? (conj.) when

2 اين II to ionize (هـ s.th.) V to be ionized (el.)

ايون iyōn pl. -āt ion

تأيين ta’yīn ionization

متأين muta’ayyin ionized

ايه īhi, īha, īhin (interj.) well! now then! All right!

ايها ayyuhā, with fem. also ايتها ayyatuhā (vocative particle) O !

ايوب ayyūb2 Job

الايوبيون al-ayyūbīyūn the Ayubites

ايوم aiwam2 see يوم

1 ايون see2 اين

2 ايوان īwān pl. -āt recess-like sitting room with a raised floor, usually opening on the main room or courtyard through an arcade; estrade

ب

1ب abbreviation of باب chapter

1ب bi (prep.) in, at, on (place and time); with (indicating connection, association, attendance); with, through, by means of (designating instrumentality or agency, also with pass. = by); for (= at the price of); by (= to the amount of); by (introducing an oath)|بالليل bi-l-lail at (by) night, بالنهار bi-n-nahār during the daytime, by day; شمالا بشرق šamālan bi-šarqin northeast; فبها ونعمت fa-bihā wa-ni’mat in that case it’s all right; ليس بي ان it is not my intention to ; هذا بذاك hādā bi-dāka now we are even, we are quits; قبل مجيئه بساعة (majī’ihī) an hour before his arrival; ب “with” frequently gives causative meaning to a verb, e.g., نهض بشيء (lit.: to rise with s.tا ., i.e.) to boost, further, promote s.th.; بلغ به الى to cause s.o. to arrive at, lead s.o. to; for its use as copula after negations, etc., see grammar; بلا bi-lā without; بما ان bi-mā anna in view of the fact that; since, as, inasmuch as, because; بما فيه bi-mā fīhi including

باء bā’ name of the letter ب

بابا bābā pl. بابوات bābawāt, باباوات pope; papa, father, daddy

بابوى bābawī, باباوى papal

بابوية bābawīya papacy

1 بأبأ ba’ba’a to say “papa” (child)

2 بؤبؤ bu’bu’ root, source, origin; core, heart, inmost part; pupil of the eye, also بؤبؤ لعين b. al-‘ain

بابل bābil2 Babel, Babylon

بابلى bābilī Babylonian

بابه bābih the second month of the Coptic calendar

بابوج bābūj pl. بوابج bawābij2 slipper

بابور bābūr pl. -āt, بوابير bawābīr2 (=وابور ) locomotive, engine; steamship, steamer

بابونج bābūnaj camomile (bot.)

باتسته bati.ta batiste

باثولوجى batōlōjī pathologic(al)

باثولوجيا batōlōjiyā pathology

باذنجان bādijān and بيذنجان baidinjān (coll.; n. un. ة pl. -āt eggplant, aubergine

1 بار bār pl. -āt bar; taproom

2 بأر ba’ara a to dig a well

بئر bi'r f., pl. آبار ābār, بئار bi’ār well, spring

بؤرة bu’ra pl. بؤر bu’ar center, seat (fig.); site; pit; abyss

باراشوت (Fr. parachute) bārāšūt parachute

باراغواى bārāguwāy Paraguay

باربوني see بربونى

باركيه (Fr.) barkēh parquet, parquetry floor

بارنامج see برنامج

بارة bāra pl. -āt para (coin)

بارود bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder

بارودة bārūda pl. بواريد bawārīd2 rifle, carbine

باريس bārīs2 Paris

باريسى bārīsī Parisian

باز bāz pl. بيزان bīzān and بأز ba’z pl. بؤوز bu’ūz, بئزان bi’zān falcon

بازار bāzār pl. –āt bazaar

بازلت bāzalt basalt

بازوبند bāzūband bracelet

بؤس ba’usa u (بأس ba’s) to be strong, brave, intrepid; -- بئس ba’isa a (بؤس bu’s) to be miserable, wretched VI to feign misery or distress VIII to be sad, worried, grieved

بئس الرجل bi’sa r-rajulu what an evil man!

بأس ba’s strength, fortitude, courage, intrepidity (as verbal noun of بؤس ba’usa); harm, hurt, injury, impairment, detriment, wrong| شديد البأس courageous, brave, intrepid; لا بأس (ba’sa) there is no objection to it; unobjectionable; not bad, rather important, considerable, e.g., كميات لا بأس بها (kammīyāt) considerable quantities; لا بأس (ba'sa) never mind! it doesn't matter! it's all right! لا بأس ان it doesn't matter that ; اى بأس؟ ayyu ba'sin? what does it matter! what of it! ليس عليه بأس من (ba’sun) he will be none the worse for ; لا بأس عليك (ba’sa) it won't do you any harm! don't worry! don't be afraid

بنات بئس banātu bi's calamities, adversities, misfortunes

بئس bu’s, بأساء ba’sā’, بؤس bu’ūs and بؤسى bu’sā pl. ابؤس ab’us misery, wretchedness, suffering, distress

بئيس ba’īs pl. بؤساء bu’asā’2 miserable, wretched

بائس bā’is miserable, wretched

باستيل (Fr.) bastē1 pastel

باسل bāsīl bacilli

باش bāš senior, chief (in compounds)

باشجاويش bašcāwīš and باشجاويش approx.: master sergeant (formerly, Eg.)

باشحكيم bāšḥakīm physician-in-chief

باشريش bāšrayyis a naval rank, approx.: petty officer3rd class (Eg.)

باشكاتب bāškātib chief clerk

باشمفتى bāšmuftī chief mufti (Tun.)

باشمفتش bāamšmufattiš chief inspector

باشمهندس bāšmuhandis chief engineer

باشا bāšā pl. باشوات bāšawāt (باشاوات ) pasha

باشق bāšaq, bāšiq pl. بواشق bawāšiq2 sparrow hawk

الباشقرد al-bāšqird the Bashkirs

باشكير see بشكير

باص (Engl.) bāṣ pl. -āt bus, autobus

باطون bātūn concrete, béton

باغة bāgā celluloid; tortoise shell

الباكستان al-bākistān Pakistan

باكستانى bākistānī Pakistani (adj. and n.)

1 بال bāl whale (zool.)

2 بالة bala pl. -āt bundle, bale

بالطو balṯō pl. بالطوات balṯowāt, بلاطي balātī overcoat; paletot

بالو (It. ballo ball, dance

بالون bālūn) balloon

جزر الباليار juzur al-bāliyār the Balearic Islands

باليه (Fr.) bālēh ballet

باميا and بامية bāmiya gumbo, okra (Hibiscus esculentus L., bot., a popular vegetable in Egypt)

بان see بون

شاشة بانورامية šāša bānōrāmīya (= Fr. écran panoramique) cinemascope screen

بؤونة ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic calendar

باى bāy, f. باية bāya pl. -āt formerly, in Tunisia, a title after the names of the members of the Bey's family

دار الباى dār al-bāy (formerly) the Tunisian government

ببر babr pl. ببور bubūr tiger

ببغاء babgā2 (and babbayā’2) pl. ببغاوات babgāwāt parrot

بت batta u i (batt) to cut off, sever (هـ s.th.); to complete, finish, achieve, accomplish, carry out (هـ s.th.); to fix, settle, determine (هـ s.th.), decide (هـ s.th., فى on s.th.) II to adjudge, adjudicate, award (هـ s.th.) VII to be cut off; to be finished, be done; to be decided|قد انبت الامر بينه وبينهم it's all over between him and them, they are through with each other

بت batt settlement, decision; بتا battan definitely, once and for all

بتة batta pl. -āt adjudication, award; final decision; البتة al-battata and بتة battatan definitely, positively, decidedly, esp. with negations: absolutely not, definitely not

بتى battī definite, definitive

بتية battiya, bittīya pl. بتاتى batātīy barrel; tub

بتاتا batātan decidedly, definitely, positively, categorically, unquestionably, absolutely

تبتيت tabtīt adjudication, award

بات bātt definite, definitive|منع بات (man‘) categorical interdiction

1 بتر batara u (batr) to cut off, sever (هـ s.th.); to amputate (هـ s.th.); to mutilate, render fragmentarily (هـ a text) VII to be cut off, be severed, be amputated

بتر batr cutting off, severance, separation; amputation

ابتر abtar2 curtailed, docked, clipped, trimmed; imperfect, defective, incomplete; without offspring

بتار battār cutting, sharp

باتر bātir cutting, sharp

مبتور mabtūr broken, abrupt, unconnected; fragmentary, incomplete

2 بتراء bitrā’2, batrā’2 Petra (ancient city of Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in SW Jordan)

بترك batrak patriarch

بترول batrūl, bitrōl petroleum

ابتع abta‘2 an assonant intensifier of اجمع ajma‘2 all, altogether, whole, entire

باتع bāti‘ strong; full, whole, entire

بتك II to cut off (هـ s.th.)

1 بتل batala i u (batl) and II to cut off, sever (هـ s.th.); to make final, close, settle, make conclusive, clinch (هـ s.th.) V to retire from the world and devote one's life to God (الى الله ); to be pious, chaste and self-denying; to live in chastity VII to be cut off, be curtailed, be docked

بتول batūl virgin; البتول the Virgin Mary

بتولي batūlī virginal

بتولية batūlīya virginity

متبتل mutabattil an ascetic, a. recluse; a pious, godly man

2 بتولا batūlā birch tree

بث batta (batt) to spread, unroll, unfold (هـ s.th., e.g., a rug); to scatter, disperse (هـ s.th.); to disseminate, propagate, spread (هـ s.th., e.g., a spirit, an ideology, a doctrine); to sprinkle (هـ هـ s.th. on); to let s.o. (ه , also ل ) in on s.th. (هـ , esp. on a secret); to broadcast, transmit by radio |بث العيون to peer around; بث الألغام to plant, or lay, mines IV to let (ه s.o.) in on a secret (هـ ) VII to be spread; to be scattered

بث batta spreading, dissemina.tion, propagation; grief, sorrow

بثر batara i (batira a) and V to break out with pimples or pustules (skin)

بثر batr pl. بثور butūr (n. un. بثرة batra pl. batarāt) pimples, pustules

بثر batir, بثير batīr pustulate, pimpled

بثق bataqa i u (with النهر an-nahra) to open flood gates so that the river will overflow its banks VII to break forth, burst out, well out, pour out, gush out; to emanate, proceed, spring (من or عن from)

انبثاق outpouring, effusion, outpour, outburst; emanation

بجح bajiḥa a (bajaḥ) to rejoice (ب at) V to vaunt, flaunt (ب s.th.), boast, brag (ب of)

تبجح tabajjuj bragging, braggery

متبجح mutabajjij braggart

بجدة bajda, bujda root, source. heart, essence, basis|بجدة الأمر the heart of the matter, the actual state of affairs, the true facts; هو ابن بجدتها (ibn bujdatihā) he knows the job from the ground up, he is the right man for it

ابجر abiar2 obese, corpulent

بجس bajasa u i (bajs) and II to open a passage (for the water), cause (the water) to flow V and VII to flow freely, pour forth copiously, gush out

بجس bajs, بجيس bajīs flowing freely, streaming

بجع baja‘ (n. un. ة ) pelican

بجل II to honor, revere, venerate, treat with deference (ه s.o.), show respect (هـ to s.o.); to give precedence (على هـ or ه to s.o. or s.th. over) V to be honored, be revered, be venerated

بجل bajal syphilis (ir.)

تبجيل tabjīl veneration, reverence; deference, respect

مبجل mubajjal revered, respected; venerable

بجم bajama i (bajm, بجوم bujūm) to be speechless, dumfounded

بجن II to clinch (هـ a nail)

بح baḥḥa a (baḥḥ, بحح baḥaḥ, بحوح buḥūḥ, بحاح baḥāḥ, بحوحة buḥūḥa, بحاحة baḥāḥa) to be or become hoarse, be raucous, husky, harsh (voice) II and IV to make hoarse (ه s.o.)

بحة buḥḥa hoarseness

ابح abaḥḥ2 hoarse

مبحوح mabḥūḥ hoarse

بحبح II tabaḥbaḥa to be prosperous, live in easy circumstances; to enjoy o.s. have a good time

بحبوح baḥbūḥ gay, merry

بحبوحة buḥbūḥa middle; life of ease and comfort, prosperity, affluence| في بحبوحة amidst

مبحبح mubaḥbaḥ well-to-do, prosperous; enjoying an easy, comfortable life

بحت baḥt pure, unmixed, sheer; exclusive, also بحت الأمر; بحتا baḥan merely, solely, purely, exclusively, nothing but ...

بحتر buḥtur stocky, pudgy, thickset

بحتري buḥturī stocky, pudgy, thickset

بحث baḥata a (baḥt) to look, search (هـ or عن for s.th.), seek (هـ or عن s.th.); to do research; to investigate, examine, study, explore (هـ or عن s.th., less frequently with في or على ), look into (هـ or عن ); to discuss (هـ a subject, a question) III to discuss (ه with s.o., في a question) VI to have a discussion, discuss together; to confer, have a talk (مع with s.o., في about)

بحث baḥt pl. بحوث buḥūt, بحوثات, ابحاث abḥāt search (عن for), quest (عن of); examination, study; research; investigation, exploration; discussion; treatise; (pl. ابحاث ) study, scientific report (في on)

بحاث baḥḥāt scholar, research worker

بحاثة baḥḥāta eminent scholar

مبحث mabḥāt pl. مباحث mabāḥit subject, theme, field of investigation or discussion, object of research; research, study, examination; investigation

مباحثة mubāḥata pl. -āt negotiation, parley, conference, talk, discussion

باحث bāḥit pl. -ūn and بحاث buḥḥāt scholar, research worker; examiner, investigator

بحثر baḥtara to disperse, scatter (هـ s.th.); to waste, squander, dissipate (هـ s.th.) II tabaḥtara pass. of I

بحثر baḥtara waste, dissipation

مبحثر mubaḥtir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift

1 بحر baḥira a to be startled, be bewildered (with fright)

1 بحر II to travel by sea, make a voyage IV do.; to embark, go on board; to put to sea, set sail, sail, depart (ship); to go downstream, be sea-bound (ship on the Nile) V to penetrate deeply, delve (في into); to study thoroughly (في a subject) X = V

بحر baḥr pl. بحار biḥār, بحور , buḥūr, ابحار abḥār, ابحر abḥur sea; large river; a noble., or great, man (whose magnanimity or knowledge is comparable to the vastness of the sea); meter (poet.) | في بحر in the course of, during, في بحر سنتين (sanatain) in the course of two years, within two years; البحر الأبيض المتوسط (abyaḍ, mutawassiṯ) the Mediterranean (sometimes shortened to البحر الأبيض); بحر البلطيق b. al-balṯīq the Baltic Sea; بحر الجنوب b. al-janūb the South Seas; البحر الأحمر the Red Sea (also بحر القلزم b. al-qulzum); بحر القزر b. al-ḳazar the Caspian Sea (also البحر الكسبياتي); بحر الروم b. ar-rūm the Mediterranean; البحر الأسود (aswad) the Black Sea; بحر الظلمات b. aẓ-ẓulumāt the هـ tlantic; بحر لوط b. lūṯ and البحر الميت (mayyit) the Dead Sea; بحر النيل (eg.) the Nile

البحرين al-baḥrain the Bahrein Islands

بحراني baḥrānī of the Bahrein Islands; البحارنة al-baḥārina the inhabitants of the Bahrein Islands

بحري baḥrī sea (adj.), marine; maritime; nautical; naval; navigational; (in Eg.) northern, baḥrīya (with foll. genit.) north of; (pl. -ūn, ة ) sailor, seaman, mariner|بحري ماهر approx.: seaman apprentice (Eg.); القوات البحرية (qūwāt) the naval forces; نباتات بحرية (nabātāt) marine flora, water plants

بحرية baḥrīya navy

بحرة baḥra pond, pool

بحار baḥḥār pl. -ūn, بحارة baḥḥāra seaman, mariner, sailor; pl. بحارة crew (of a ship, of an airplane)

بحيرة buḥaira pl. -āt, بحائر baḥā’ir2 lake; (tun.)'vegetable garden, truck garden

بحران buḥrān crisis (of an illness); climax, culmination (also, e.g., of ecstasy)

تبحر tabaḥḥur deep penetration, delving (في into a subject), thorough study (في of)

متبحر mutabaḥḥir thoroughly familiar (في with); profound, erudite, searching, penetrating

بحلق baḥlaqa: بحلق عينيه (‘ainaihi) to stare, gaze (في at)

1 بخ بخ baḳ baḳ excellent! well done! Bravo!

2 بخ baḳḳa u (baḳḳ) to snore; to spout, spurt, squirt (هـ s.th.); to sprinkle, splatter (ب هـ s.th. with)

بخاخة baḳḳāḳa nozzle

بخيخة buḳḳēḳa squirt, syringe

مبخة mibaḳḳa nozzle

بخت baḳt luck; a kind of lottery| قليل البخت unIucky; سوء البخت bad luck

بخيت baḳīt lucky, fortunate

مبخوت mabḳūt lucky, fortunate

بختر II tabaḳtara to strut, prance

بخر II to vaporize, evaporate (هـ s.th.); to fumigate (هـ s.th.); to disinfect (هـ s.th.); to perfume with incense, expose to aromatic smoke (هـ s.th.) V to evaporate (water); to volatilize, tum into smoke or haze; to perfume 0.8., or be perfumed, with incense

بخار buḳār pl. -āt, ابخرة abḳira vapor, fume; steam

بخاري buḳārī steam (adj.), steam-driven

بخور baḳūr incense; frankincense| بخور مريم b. maryam cyclamen (bot.)

ابخر abḳar2 suffering from halitosis

مبخرة mabḳara pl. مباخر mabāḳir2 (also -āt) censer; thurible; fumigator

تبخير tabḳīr fumigation

تبخر tabaḳḳur evaporation, vaporization

باخرة balfira pl. بواخر bawāḳir2 steamer, steamship

بويخرة buwaiḳira small steamboat

بخس baḳasa a (baks) to decrease, diminish, reduce (هـ s.th.); to lessen (e.g., قيمته qīmatahū the value of s.th.); to disregard, neglect, fail to heed (هـ s.th.)

بخس baḳs too little, too low; very low (price)

باخس baḳis small, little, trifling, unimportant

بخشيش baḳšīš pl. بخاشيش baḳāšīš 2 tip, gratuity

بخع baḳa‘a a (baḳ‘) with نفسه : to kill o.s. (with grief, anger, rage)

ابخق abḳaq2 f. بخقاء baḳqā’2 one-eyed

بخل baḳila a (baḳal), baḳula u (buḳl) to be niggardly, be stingy (ب with s.th., عن or على with regard to s.o.), scrimp (عن, على s.o., ب for), stint (ب in, عن or على s.o.), withhold (عن, على from s.o., ب s.th.) VI to give reluctantly, grudgingly (عن, على to s.o., y s.th.)

بخل buḳl avarice, cupidity, greed

بخيل baḳīl pl. بخلاء avaricious, greedy; miser, skinflint

مبخلة mabḳala cause of avarice, that which arouses avarice or greed

بخنق buḳnuq pl. بخانق baḳāniq2 kerchief, veil (to cover the head)

بد badda u (budd) to distribute, spread, disperse II to divide, distribute, spread, scatter, disperse (هـ •.th.); to remove, eliminate (هـ s.th.); to waste, squander, fritter away, dissipate (هـ s.th.) V pass. of II; X to be independent, proceed independently (ب in, e.g., in one's opinion, i.e., to be opinionated, obstinate, head-strong); to possess alone monopolize (هـ s.th.); to take possession (هـ of s.o.), seize, grip, overwhelm, overcome (هـ s.o.; said of a feeling, of an impulse); to dispose arbitrarily, highhandedly (ب of s.th.); to rule despotically, tyrannically, autocratically (ب over)

بد budd way out, escape| اذا لم يكن بد من ان (buddun) if it is inevitable that ; لا بد (budda) definitely, certainly, inevitably, without fail; by all means; لا بد من it is necessary, inescapable, unavoidable, inevitable, لا بد له منه he simply must do it, he can't get around it; من كل بد min kulli buddin in any case, at any rate

اباديد abādīd 2 (pl.) scattered

تبديد tabdīd scattering, dispersal, dispersion; removal, elimination; waste, dissipation

استبداد istibdād arbitrariness, high-handedness; despotism; autocracy; absolutism

استبدادي istibdādī arbitrary, highhanded, autocratic, despotic; استبداديات istibdādīyāt arbitrary acts

مبدد mubaddid scatterer, disperser; squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift

مستبد mustabidd arbitrary, highhanded, autocratic, tyrannical, despotic; autocrat, tyrant, despot|مستبد برأيه (bira’yihī) opinionated, obstinate, headstrong

بدأ bada’a a (بدأ bad’) to begin, start (ب or في with s.th., هـ s.th.; ه with s.o.; with foll. imperf.: to do s.th. or doing s.th. respectively); to set in, begin, start, arise, spring up, crop up II to put (هـ s.th., على before s.th. else), give precedence or priority (هـ to s.th., على over s.th. else) III to begin, start (ب s.th., ه with regard to s.o.), make the first step, take the initiative or lead (ب in s.th., ه toward s.o.) e.g., بادأه بالكلام (kalām) to accost s.o., speak first to s.o. IV to do or produce first (هـ s.th.). bring out (هـ s.th. new)| ما يبدئ وما يعيد mā yubdi’u wa-mā yu‘īd he can't think of a blessed thing to say; يبدئ ويعيد he says or does everything conceivable VIII to begin, start (ب with s.th.)

بدء bad’ beginning, start|منذ البدء from the (very) beginning; فعله عودا وبدءا (‘audan wa-bad’an) عوده على بدئه (‘audahū ‘alā bad’ihī) or عودا الى بدء (ilā bad’in) he did it all over again, he began anew

بدأة bad’a, بديئة badī’a, بداية bidāya beginning, start|في بداية الأمر in the beginning, at first

بداءة badā’a beginning, start; first step, first instance| بداءة بدء badā’ata bad’in right at the outset, at the very beginning

بدائي budā’ī primitive

مبدأ mabda' pl. مبادئ mabādi’2 beginning, start, starting point; basis, foundation; principle; invention; pl. principles, convictions (of a person); ideology; rudiments. fundamental concepts, elements| كتب المبادئ kutub al-m. elementary books

مبدئي mabda’ī original, initial; fundamental, basic; مبدئيا mabda’īyan originally; in principle

ابتدائي ibtidā’ī beginning, start; novitiate (Chr.)| ابتداء من ibtidā’an min from, beginning , as of (with foll. date)

ابتدائي ibtidā’ī initial; preparatory, elementary, primary; of first instance (jur.); original, primitive|محكمة ابتدائية (maḥkama) court of first instance; التعليم الابتدائى elementary education; مدرسة ابتدائية (madrasa) lower grades of a high school, approx.: junior high school (as distinguished from ثانوية); شهادة ابتدائية (šahāda) approx.: junior high school graduation certificate

بادئ bādi’ beginning, starting| بادئ الأمر badi'a l-amr and في بادئ الأمر in the beginning, at first; في بادئ الرأي right away, without thinking twice, unhesitatingly; بادئ ذي بدء badi’a dī bad’in above all, first of all, in the first place, primarily; البادئ ذكره al-badi’u dikruhu (the person or thing) mentioned at the outset, the first-mentioned

مبتدئ mubtadi’ beginning; beginner; novice (Chr.)

مبتدأ mubtada' beginning, start; (gram.) subject of 8 nominal clause

1 بدر badara u to come unexpectedly, by surprise; to escape (من s.o.; e.g., words in excitement) III to come to s.o.’s (ه ) mind, occur to s.o. (t) all of a sudden, strike s.o. (idea, notion); to embark, enter (الى upon s.th.) or set out (الى to do s.th.) without delay; to rush, hurry (الى to s.o., to a place); to hurry up (", with s.th.), بادر الى with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. promptly, without delay, hasten to do s.th.; to fall upon s.o (ه ) with (ب ), accost, assail, surprise (ب ه s.o. with s.th.; e.g., بادره بكلام غليظ to snap rudely at s.o.); to react, respond (الى to s.th.)| بادر الى انجاز الوعد (injāzi l-wa‘d) to set out to fulfill a promise VI تبادر الى الذهن (dihn) to suggest itself strongly, be obvious; to appear at first glance as if (أن); تبادر الى ذهني أن (dihnī) it occurred to me all of a sudden that ; تبادر الى الفهم (fahm) to be immediately understood VIII to hurry, rush, hasten (هـ to); to get ahead of s.o. (ه ), anticipate, forestall (ه s.o.)|ابتدرها قائلا before she could say a word he exclaimed ...

بدر badr, pl. بدور budūr full moon

بدرة badra pl. badarāt, بدار bidār huge amount of money (formerly = 10,000 dirhams)|بدرات الأموال enormous sums of money

بدار badārī hurry! quick!

مبادرة mubādara undertaking, enterprise

بادرة bādira pl. بوادر bawadir2 herald, harbinger, precursor, forerunner, first indication, sign; unforeseen act; stirring, impulse, fit (e.g., of rage); blunder, mistake; بوادر stirrings, impulses|بادرة خير b. ḳairin a good, or generous, impulse

2 بيدر baidar pl. بيادر bayādir 2 threshing floor

بدروم and بدرون (Turk. bodrum) badrūm, badrūn pl. -āt basement

بدع bada‘a a (bad‘) to introduce, originate, start, do for the first time (هـ s.th.), be the first to do s.th. (هـ ); to devise, contrive, invent (هـ s.th.) II to accuse of heresy (ه s.o.) IV = I; to create (هـ s.th.); to achieve unique, excellent results (في in); to be amazing, outstanding (في in s.th.) VIII to invent, contrive, devise, think up (هـ s.th.) X to regard as novel, as unprecedented (هـ s.th.)

بدع bad‘ innovation, novelty; creation|بدعا وعودا bad‘an wa-‘audan repeatedly

بدع bid‘ pl. ابداع abdā‘ innovator; new, original; unprecedented, novel|لا بدع lā bid‘a no wonder! لا بدع ان lā bid‘a an no wonder that ; بدع من s.th. else than; unlike, different from

بدعة bid‘a pl. بدع bida‘ innovation. novelty; heretical doctrine, heresy; pl. creations (of fashion, of art)| اهل البدع ahl al-b. heretics

بديع badi', بدع bud‘ unprecedented, marvelous, wonderful, amazing, admirable, singular, unique; creator| علم البديع ‘ilm al-b. the art or science of metaphors and (in general) of good style

بديعة badī‘a pl. بدائع badā’i‘2 an astonishing, amazing thing, a marvel, a wonder; original creation

بديعي badī‘ī rhetorical

ابدع abda‘2 more amazing, more exceptional; of even greater originality

ابداع ibdā‘ creation, fashioning, shaping; a marvelous, unique achievement; uniqueness, singularity, originality; creative ability

O ابداعي ibdā‘ī romantic (lit.)

O ابداعية ibdā‘īya romanticism (lit.)

مبدع mubdi‘ producing, creating; creative; creator; exceptional, unique, outstanding (in an achievement, esp. of an artist)

مبتدع mubtadi‘ innovator; creator; heretic

بيدق look up alphabetically

بدل badala u to replace (ب هـ s.th. by), exchange (ب هـ s.th. for) II to change, alter (هـ هـ s.th. to), convert (هـ هـ s.th. into); to substitute (هـ for s.th., ب or من s.th.), exchange, give in exchange (هـ s.th., ب or من for); to change (هـ s.th.) III to exchange (هـ ه with s.o. s.th.) IV to replace (ب هـ s.th. by), exchange (ب هـ for s.th. s.th. else); to compensate (هـ ب ه s.o. for s.th. with s.th. else), give s.o. (ه ) s. th. (هـ ) in exchange for (ب ) V to change; to be exchanged VI to exchange (هـ s.th., also words, views, greetings) X to exchange, receive in exchange, trade, barter (ب هـ and هـ ب s.th. for); to replace (هـ ب and هـ ب s.th. by), substitute (ب هـ and هـ ب for s.th. s.th. else)

بدم badal pl. ابدال abdāl substitute, alternate, replacement; equivalent. compensation, setoff; reimbursement, recompense, allowance; price. rate; (gram.) appositional substantive standing for another substantive|بدل الجراية b. al-jirāya allowance for food; بدل السفرية b. as-safarīya travel allowance; بدل الاشتراك subscription rate; بدل التمثيل expense account, expense allowance

بدل badala (prep.) inetead of, in place of, in lieu of

بدلا من badalan min in place of, instead of, in lieu of

بدلة badla pl. badalāt, بدل bidal suit (of clothes); costume|بدلة الحمام b. al-ḥammām bathing suit; بدلة رسمية (rasmīya) uniform; بدلة تشريفاتية (tašrīfātīya) full-dreas uniform

بدلية badalīya compensation, smart money

بدال badāla (prep.) instead of, بدال ما (conj.) instead of (being, doing, etc.)

بديل badīl pl. بدلاء budalā’ 2 substitute, alternate (عن or من for); stand-in, double (theat.); (f. ة ) serving as a replacement or substitute| مفرزة بديلة (mafraza) reserve detachment (mil.)

بدال baddāl grocer; money-changer

بدالة baddāla culvert; pipeline; telephone exchange, central

مبادل mabādil2 see بدل

تبديل tabdīl change, alteration

مبادلة mubādala pl. -āt exchange| مبادلات تجارية (tijārīya) commercial exchange, trade relations

ابدال ibdāl exchange, interchange, replacement (ب by), substitution (ب of); change; phonetic change

تبدل tabaddul change, shift, turn; transformation; transmutation, conversion

تبادل tabādul (mutual) exchange| تبادل السلام t. as-salam exchange of greetings, تبادل الخواطر thought transference, telepathy

استبدال istibdāl exchange, replacement, substitution

مبدل mubdil: مبدل الاسطوانات m. al-usṯuwānāt automatic record changer

متبادل mutabādil mutual, reciprocal

بدن baduna u and badana u to be fat, corpulent

بدن badan pl. ابدان abdān, ابدن abdun body, trunk, torso

بدني badani bodily, corporal, physical, somatic

بدانة badāna corpulence, obesity

بدين badīn pl. بدن budun stout, corpulent, fat, obese

بدونة budūna corpulence, obesity

بادن bādin pl. بدن budn stout, corpulent, fat, obese

بده badaha a to come, descend suddenly (ه upon s.o.), befall unexpectedly (ه s.o.); to surprise (ه s.o.) with s.th. (ب ) III to appear suddenly, unexpectedly (ب ه before s.o. with s.th.) VIII to extemporize, improvise, do offhand, on the spur of the moment (هـ s.th.)

بداهة badāha spontaneity, spontaneous occurrence, impulse; simple, natural way, naturalness, matter-of-factness; بداهة badāhatan and بالبداهة all by itself, spontaneously

بديهة badīha s.th. sudden or unexpected; improvisation; impulse, inspiration, spontaneous intuition; intuitive understanding or insight, empathy, instinctive grasp, perceptive faculty|على البداهية all by itself, spontaneously; offhand; حاضر البديهة quick-witted, quick at repartee; بديهة حاضرة presence of mind

بديهي badīhī and بدهي badahī intuitive, self-evident, a priori (adj.)

بديهية badīhīya pl. -āt an axiom, a fundamental or self-evident truth; truism, commonplace, platitude

بدائه badii'ih' fundamental or selfevident truths

(بدو) بدا badā u to appear, show, become evident, clear, plain or manifest, come to light; to be obvious; to seem good, acceptable, proper (ل to s.o.) III to shaw, display, evince, manifest, reveal, declare openly|بادى بالعداوة (‘adāwa) to show open hostility IV to disclose, reveal, manifest, show, display, evince (هـ s.th.), to demonstrate, bring out, bring to light, make visible (هـ s.th.); to express, utter, voice (هـ s.th.)| ابدى رأيه في (ra'yahū) to express one's opinion about; ابدى رغبة (ragbatan) to expreas a wish or desire V = I, to live in the desert VI to pose as a Bedouin

بدو badw desert; nomads, Bedouins

بدوي badawī Bedouin, nomadic; rural (as distinguished from urban); a Bedouin

بدوية badawīya pl. -āt Bedouin woman, Bedouin girl

بداة badaJl pl. بدوات badawāt whim, caprice; ill-humor

بداوة badāwa and bidāwa desert life, Bedouin life; Bedouinism, nomadism

بيداء baidā’2 desert, steppe, wilderness, wild

ابداء ibdā’ expression, manifestation, declaration

باد bādin apparent, evident, obvious, plain, visible; inhabiting the desert; pl. بداة budāh Bedouins

بادية bādiya desert, semidesert, steppe; peasantry; (pl. بواد bawādin) nomads, Bdouins

بداية bidāya = بداءة

بذ badda u (badd) to get the better of (ه ), beat, surpass (s.o.)

بذ badd and bādd slovenly, untidy, shabby, filthy, squalid

بذاذة badāda slovenliness, untidiness, shabbiness, dirtiness, filth

بذأ bada’a a to revile, abuse (على s.o.), rail (على at s.o.); -- بذئ badi’a a, بذؤ badu’a u to be obscene, bawdy

بذئ badī’ disgusting, loathsome, nauseous, foul, dirty, obscene, bawdy, ribald

بذاء badā’ and بذاءة badā’a obscenity, ribaldry, foulness (of language); disgust, loathing, aversion, contempt

بذخ badaḳa a to be haughty, proud

بذخ badaḳ luxury, pomp, splendor; haughtiness, pride

باذخ bādiḳ pl. بواذخ bawādiḳ2 high, lofty; proud, haughty

بذر badara u (badr) to sow, disseminate (هـ s.th., seed, also fig. = to spread) II to waste, squander, dissipate (هـ s.th.)

بذر badr pl. بذور budūr, بذار bidār seeds, seed; seedling; pl. بذور pips, pits, stones (of fruit)

بذرة badra (n. un.) a seed, a grain; pip, pit, stone (of fruit); germ; (fig.) germ cell (of a development, and the like)

بذار bidār seedtime

تبذير tabdīr waste, squandering, dissipation

مبذر mubaddir squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift

بيذق look up alphabetically

بذل badala i u (badl) to give or spend freely, generously (هـ s.th.); to sacrifice (هـ s.th.); to expend (هـ s.th.); to offer, grant (هـ s.th.)| بذل جهده (jahdahū) to take pains; بذل مجهودا do.; بذل كل مساعدة (kulla musā‘adatin) to grant every assistance; بذل المساعى to make efforts; بذل الطاعة ل to obey s.o., defer to s.o.; بذل كل غال (kulla gālin) and بذل الغالى والرخيص في سبيل to spare no effort, go to any length, give everything, pay any price for or in order to; بذل ماء وجهه (mā’a wajhihī) to sacrifice one's honor; (عن فلان or) بذل نفسه دون فلان to sacrifice o.s. for s.o.; بذل وسعه (wus‘ahū) to do one’s utmost, do one’s best V to fritter away one’s fortune, be over-generous; to prostitute o.s. (woman); to display common, vulgar manners VIII to wear out in common service, make trite, vulgar, commonplace, to hackney (هـ s.th.); to abuse (هـ s.th.); to express o.s. in a vulgar manner, use vulgar language; ابتذل نفسه to degrade o.s. demean o.s., sacrifice one's dignity

بذل badl giving, spending; sacrifice, surrender, abandonment; expenditure; offering, granting

بذلة badla suit (of clothes)

مبذل mibdal pl. مباذل mabādil2 slipper; pl. مباذل casual clothing worn around home|فلان في مباذله so-and-so in his private life

ابتذال ibtidāl triteners, commonness, commonplaceness; banality; debasement, degradation

باذل bādil spender

متبذل mutabaddil vulgar, common

مبتذل mubtadal trite, hackneyed, banal, common, vulgar; everyday, commonplace (adj.)

2 بر barra (1st pers. perf. barirtu, barartu) a I (birr) to be reverent, dutiful, devoted; to be kind (ه or ب to s.o.); to be charitable, beneficent, do good (ب to s.o.); to obey (ه s.o., esp. God); to treat with reverence, to honor (ب or ه the parents); to be honest, truthful; to be true, valid (sworn statement); to keep (ب a promise, an oath) II to warrant, justify, vindicate; to acquit, absolve, exonerate, exculpate, clear (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)| برر وجهه (wajhahū) to justify o.s. by IV to carry out, fulfill (هـ s.th., a promise, an oath) V to justify o.s.; to be justified

بر birr reverence, piety; righteousness, probity; godliness, devoutness; kindness; charitable gift

بر barr and بار bārr pl. ابرار abrār and بررة barara reverent, dutiful (ب toward), devoted (ب to); pious, godly, upright, righteous.; kind

مبرة mabarra pl. -āt and مبار mabar2 good deed, act of charity, benefaction; philanthropic organization; charitable institution, home or hospital set up with private funds

تبرير tabrīr justification, vindication

بار bārr reverent, faithful and devoted; see also under بر barr above

مبرور mabrūr (accepted into the grace of the Lord, i.e.) blessed (said of a deceased person)

مبرر mubarrir pl. -āt justification; excuse|لا مبرر له (mubarrira) unjustifiable

2 بر barr land (as opposed to sea), terra firma, mainland; open country; برا barran out, outside| برا وبحرا barran wa-baḥran by land and sea

برى barrī terrestrial, land (adj.); wild (of plants and animals)| سيارة برية مائية (sayyāra, mā’īya) amphibious vehicle

āبرية barrīya pl. برارى barāarīy open country, steppe, desert; see also 1 برأ

برانى barrānī outside, outer, exterior, external; foreign, alien

بر burr wheat

1 برأ bara’a a (برء bar’) to create (هـ s.th., said of God)

برء bar’ creation

برية barīya pl. -āt, برايا barāyā creation (= that which is created); creature; see also 2 بر .

البارى ~J~I aI-bari' the Creator (God)

2 برئ bari’a a (براءة barā’a) to be or become free, be cleared (من from, esp. from guilt blame, etc., الى toward s.o.); to recover (من from an illness) II to free, clear, acquit, absolve, exculpate (ه s.o., من from suspicion, blame, guilt)| برأ ساحة الرجل (sāḥata r-rajul) he acquitted the man IV to acquit, absolve, discharge, exculpate (ه s.o.); to cause to recover, cure, heal (ه s.o.)| ابرأ ذمته (dimmatahū) to clear s.o. or o.s. from guilt, exonerate s.o. or o.s. V to clear o.s. (من from suspicion, from a charge), free o.s. (من from responsibility, etc.), rid o.s. (من of); to declare o.s. innocent, wash one’s hands (من of); to be acquitted X to restore to health, cure, heal (ه s.o.); to free o.s. (من from), rid o.s. (من of)

برء bur’ and burū’ convalescence, recovery

برئ barī’ pl. ابرياء abriyā’2, براء burā’, birā’ free, exempt (من from), devoid (من of); guiltless, innocent; guileless, harmless; healthy, sound

براء barā’ free, exempt (من from)| ذمته براء من (dimmatuM) he is innocent of ...

براءة barā’a being free; disavowal, withdrawal; innocence, guiltlessness; naiveté, guilelessness, artlessness; (pl. -āt) license, diploma, patent| براءة اختراع patent on an invention; براءة التنفيذ exequatur (a written authorization of a consular officer, issued by the government to which he is accredited); براءة الثقة b. at-tiqa (Tun.) credentials (dipl.); على براءة harmless; without guilt, innocent

تبرئة tabri’a freeing, exemption; acquittal, absolution, discharge, exoneration

مبارأة mubāra’a mubarat, divorce by mutual consent of husband and wife, either of them waiving all claims by way of compensation (Isl. Law)

ابراء ibrā’ acquittal, absolution, release; release of a debtor from his liabilities, remission of debt (Isl. Law)

استبراء istibrā’: استبراء الحمل ist. al-ḥamal the ceremony of selecting and purifying the Host before Mass (Copt.-Chr.)

براجواى baraguwāy Paraguay

البرازيل al-bərāzīl Brazil

براسيرى (Fr. brasserie) brāseri beer parlor, taproom

براغ Prague

برافان (Fr. paravent) baravān folding screen

براهما bərahmā Brahma

بربة birba and بربا birbā pl. برابى barābī ancient Egyptian temple, temple ruins doting back to ancient Egypt (eg.); labyrinth, maze

بربخ barbaḳ pl. برابخ barābiḳ2 water pipe, drain, culvert, sewer pipe

بربر barbara to babble noisily (e.g., a large crowd), jabber, mutter, prattle

البربر al-barbar the Berbers

بربرى barbarī Berber (adj.); barbaric, uncivilized; -- (pl. برابرة barābira) a Berber; a barbarian

بربرية barbarīya barbar(ian)ism, barbarity, savagery, cruelty

متبربر mutabarbir barbaric, uncivilized

بربيس look up alphabetically

بربيش barbīš (syr.) tube (of a narghile, of an enema, etc.)

بربط barbata to splash, paddle, dabble (in water)

بربونى (It. barbone) barbūnī, also بربون red mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.)

بربى see بربة

بربيس barbīs barbel (zool.)

برتغال burtugāl Portugal

برتغالى burtugālī Portuguese

برتقال burtuqāl, برتقان burtuqān orange

برتقالى burtuqālī, برتقانى burtuqānī orange, orange-colored

برثن burtun, pl. براثن barātin claw, talon

1 برج V to display, show, play up her charms (woman); to adorn herself, make herself pretty (woman)

2 برج burj pl. بروج burūj, ابراج abrāj tower; castle; sign of the zodiac| برج الحمام b. al-ḥamām pigeon house, dovecot; برج المياه b. al-miyāh water tower

2 بارجة bārija pl. بوارج bawārij warship, battleship; barge

1 لعب البرجاس la‘b al-birjās a kind of equestrian contest, joust, tournament

2 البرجيس al-birjīs Jupiter (astron.)

برجل barjal pl. براجل barāhil2 compass, (pair of) dividers

برجمة burjuma pl. براجم barājim2 knuckle, finger joint

برح bariḥa a (براح barāḥ) to leave (هـ or من a place, الى for), depart (هـ from, الى on one’s way to); with neg.: to continue to be (= زال)|ما برح في he is still in ; ما برح غنيا (ganīyan) he is still rich; برح الخفاء (ḳafā’) the matter hall come out, has become generally known; غدا وبرح to come and go II to beset, harass, trouble, molest (ب s.o.) III to leave (هـ a place, الى for), depart (هـ from, الى on one's way to)

براح departure; cessation, stop; a wide, empty tract of land, vast expanse, vastness; براحا barāḥan openly and plainly, patently

تباريح tabārīh2 agonies, torments (e.g., of longing, of passion)

مبارحة mubāraḥa departure

بارح bāriḥ (showing the left side. i.e.) ill-boding, inauspicious, ominous (as opposed to سانح); البارح al-bāriḥa yesterday

البارحة al-bāriḥata yesterday| الليلة البارحة (lailata) last night; اول البارحة awwala l-b. the day before yesterday. two days ago

مبرح mubarriḥ, violent, intense, excruciating, agonizing (esp., of pains)

مبرح به mubarraḥ bihi stricken. afflicted, tormented

1 برد barada u to be or become cold; to cool, cool off (also fig.); to feel cold; to cool, chill (هـ s.th.); to soothe. alleviate (هـ pain); -- baruda to be or become cold II to make cold (هـ s.th.); to refrigerate (هـ s.th.); to cool, chill (هـ s.th., also fig.); to soothe, alleviate (هـ pain) V to refresh o.s., cool o.s. off; to be soothed, be alleviated VIII to become cold, cool off

برد bard coldness, chilliness, coolness; cooling; alleviation; cold, catarrh

برد barad hail, بردة barada (n. un.) hailstone

برود barūd collyrium

برود burūd coldness, coolness, chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity

برودة burūda coldness, coolness, chilliness; emotional coldness, frigidity| برودة الدم b. ad-dam cold-bloodedness

بردية bardīya ague, feverish chill; see also below

برداء buradā’ 2 ague, feverish chill

برادة barrāda cold-storage plant; refrigerator, icebox

تبريد tabrīd cooling, chilling; cold storage, refrigeration; alleviation, mitigation|جهاد التبريد jahāz at-t. cold-storage plant, refrigerator; غرفة التبريد gurfat at-t. cold-storage room

بارد bārid cold; cool, chilly; easy; weak; stupid, inane, silly, dull; dunce, blockhead|الحرب الباردة (ḥarb) the cold war; غنيمة باردة an easy prey; عيش بارد (‘aiš) an easy life; حجة باردة (ḥujja) a weak argument; تبغ بارد (tibg) light, mild tobacco

مبرد mubarrid cooling, refreshing; pl. -āt refreshments (beverages, etc.)

مبرد mubarrad cooled, chilled

2 برد barada u to file (هـ a piece of metal, etc.)

براد barrād fitter (of machinery)

برادة birāda fitter's trade or work

برادة burāda iron filings

مبرد mibrad pl. مبارد mabcirid2 file, rasp

3 برد burd pl. ابراد abrād garment

بردة burda Mohammed's outer garment

برداية burdāya curtain, drape

4 برد IV to send by mail, to mail (هـ a letter)

بريد barīd post, mail|البريد الجوى (jawwī) air mail

بريدى barīdī postal; messenger, courier; mailman

5 بارود look up alphabetically

6 بردى bardī, burdī papyrus (bot.)

بردية bardīya pl. -āt papyrus|علم البرديات ‘ilm al-b. papyrology

برداق bardāq pl. براديق barādīq2 jug, pitcher

لعب البردج la‘b al-b. bridge (game)

بردخ bardaḳa to polish, burnish (هـ s.th.)

بردعة = برذعة

بردقان = برتقان

بردقوش bardaqūš (=مردقوش ) marjoram

بردورة (Fr. bordure) badūra curbstone, curb

برذعة barda‘a pl. براذع barādi‘2 saddle, pack-saddle (for donkeys and camels)

براذعى barādi‘ī maker of donkey saddle, saddler

برذون birdaun pl. براذين barādīn2 work horse jade, nag

1 برز baraza u to come out, show, appear, come into view, emerge; to jut out, protrude, stand out, be prominent (also fig.); to surpass, excel (على s.o.) II to cause to come out, bring out, expose, show, set off, accentuate (هـ s.th.); to excel, surpass (فى على s.o. in), stand out (فى for), distinguish o.s. (في by) III to meet in combat or duel (ه s.o.); to compete in a contest (ه with s.o.) IV to cause to come out, bring out, expose, make manifest (هـ s.th.); to publish, bring out (هـ a book, etc.); to present, show (هـ e.g., an identity card) V to evacuate the bowels VI to vie, contend

بروز burūz prominence, projection, protrusion

براز birāz excrement, feces; competition, contest, match (in sports); duel

بريزة buraiza (birēza; eg.) ten-piaster coin

ابرز abraz2 more marked, more distinctive; more prominent

مبارزة mubāraza competition, contest, match, esp. in sports; duel; fencing

ابراز ibrāz bringing out, displaying, setting off, accentuation; production; presentation

بارز bāriz protruding, projecting, salient; raised, embossed, in relief; marked, distinct, conspicuous; prominent (personality)

مبرز mubarriz surpassing (على s.o.), superior (على to s.o.); winner. victor (in contest)

مبارز mubāriz competitor, contender; combatant, fighter; fencer

2 بريز (Fr. prise) brīz pl. -āt (plug) socket, wall-plug, outlet (syr.); بريزة barīza pl. برائز barā’iz2 do. (eg.)

2 ابريز look up alphabetically

2 برزان barazān trumpet

برزخ barzaḳ pl. برازخ barāziḳ interval, gap, break, partition, bar, obstruction; isthmus

برزوق burzūq sidewalk

1 برسام birsām pleurisy

2 ابريسم look up alphabetically

3 برسيم birsīm clover, specif., berseem, Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum bot.)

1 برش burš pl. ابراش abrāš mat

ابرش abraš2 spotted, speckled

1 برش look up alphabetically

برشت birišt: بيض برشت (baiḍ) soft-boiled eggs

برشلونة baršīlōna Barcelona (seaport in NE Spain)

برشم baršama to stare, gaze (الى at s.th.); to rivet (هـ s.th.)

برشمة baršama riveting

برشام buršām and برشان (n. un. ة ) pl. -āt wafer; Host (Chr.)

برشامة buršāma rivet

برشامجى buršāmjī riveter

برشمجية buršamjīya riveting

1 برص bariṣa a (baraṣ) to be a leper

برص burṣ wall gecko (Tarentola mauritanica, zool.)

برص baraṣ leprosy

ابراص abraṣ2 leprous; leper|سام ابرص sāmm a. wall gecko

2 برصة burṣa stock exchange

برض baraḍa u (بروض burūḍ) to germinate, sprout (plant)

برطوز barṯūz: برطوز البحرية b. a1-baḥrīya forecastle, crew quarters (on a merchant vessel)

برطع barṯa‘a (برطعة barṯa‘a) to gallop

برطل barṯala (برطلة barṯala) to bribe (ه s.o.) II tabarṯala to take bribes, be venal

برطيل birṯīl pl. براطيل barāṯīl2 bribe

1 برطم barṯama to rave, talk irrationally

برطوم burṯūm, barṯūm trunk of an elephant

2 برطمان barṯamān pl. -āt (syr. eg.) tall earthen or glass vessel (for preserves, oil. etc.)

برع bara‘a a to surpass excel (ه s.o.); (also baru‘a u) to distinguish o.s., be skilful, proficient V to contribute. Give, donate (ب s.th.); to undertake (voluntarily, ب s.th.). volunteer (ب or), be prepared, willing (ب to do s.th.); to be ready, be on hand (ب with)

براعة barā‘a skill, proficiency; efficiency, capability, capacity

بروعة burū‘a superior skill, outstanding proficiency

تبرع tabarru‘ pl. -āt gift, donation; contribution

بارع bāri‘ skilled, skillful, proficient, capable. efficient; brilliant, outstanding (work of art)

برعم bar‘ama to bud, burgeon, sprout

برعم bur‘um pl. براعم barā‘im2 and برعوم bur‘ūm pl. براعيم bard'im' bud, burgeon; blossom, flower

برغوث burgūt pl. براغيث barāgīt2 f1ea ; pl. براغيث (syr.) small silver coins| برغوث البحر b. a1-baḥr shrimp (zool.)

برغش bargaš (coll.; n. un. ة ) gnat(s), midge(s)

برغل burgul cooked, parched and crushed wheat, served together with other food (eg., syr.)

برغى (Turk. بورغى burğų) burgī pl. براغى barāgī screw

برفير birfīr pl. برافير barāfīr2 purple

بروفة look up alphabetically

1 برق baraqa u to shine, glitter, sparkle, flash| برقت السماء (samā’u) there was lightning IV = I; to emit bolts of lightning (cloud); to flash up, light up; to brighten (face); to cable, wire, telegraph (الى to)

برق barq pl. بروق burūq lightning; flash of lightning; telegraph| برق خلب (ḳullab) lightning without a downpour, used fig. e.g.. of s.o. given to making promises without ever living up to them

برقى barqī telegraphic, telegraph- (in compounds)

برقية barqīya pl. -āt telegram, wire, cable

بريق barīq pl. برائق barā’iq2 glitter, shine, gloss, luster|ذو بريق معدني (ma‘dinī) lustered, coated with metallic luster

براق burāq Alborak, name of the creature on which Mohammed made his ascension to the seven heavens (معراج )

براق barrāq shining, lustrous, sparkling, flashing, glittering, twinkling

مبرق mabraq glitter, flash|فى مبرق الصبح fī m. iṣ-ṣbḥ with the first rays of the morning sun

بارق bāriq: بارق b. al-amal glimpse of hope

بارقة bāriqa pl. بوارق bawāriq2 gleam, twinkle

مبرق mubriq: مبرق كاتب teletype

2 البرقة al-barqa Cyrenaica (region of E Libya)

3 ابريق look up alphabetically

4 استبرق look up alphabetically

برقش barqaša (برقش barqš) to variegate, paint or daub with many colors (هـ s.th.); to embellish (هـ s.th.; قوله one’s speech) II tabargaša reflex. and pass. of I

برقش birqiš finch

برقش barqaša colorful medley, variety, variegation

مبرقش mubarqaš colorful, variegated, many-colored

برقع barqa‘a to veil, drape (هـ , s.o., s.th.) II tabarqa‘a to put on a veil, veil o.s.

برقع burqu‘ pl. براقع barāqi‘2 veil (worn by women; long, leaving the eyes exposed)

برقوق barqūq (coll.; n. un. ة ) plum

1 برك baraka u to kneel down II and IV to make (هـ the camel) kneel down II to invoke a blessing (على or فى on s.th., ل on s.th.) III to bless (فى or ه s.th., also ل or على ), invoke a blessing on; to give one's blessing (هـ to s.th.), sanction (هـ s.th.) V to be blessed (ب by); to enjoy (ب s.th.), find pleasure, delight (ب in); to ask s.o.’s (ب ) blessing VI to be blessed, be praised; تبارك tabāraka God bless …! X to be blessed

بركة birka pl. برك birak pond, small lake; puddle, pool| بركة السباحة b. as-sibāḥa swimming pool

بركة baraka pl. -āt blessing, benediction| قلة البركة qillat al-b. misfortune, bad luck

ابرك abrak2 more blessed

تبريك tabrīk pl. -āt good wish; blessing, benediction

مبارك mubārak blessed, fortunate, lucky

2 براريك barārīk2 (mor.) barracks

بركار birkār compass, (pair of) divideers

بركان burkān pl. براكين barākīn2 volcano

بركانى burkānī volcanic

برلمان barlamān parliament

برلمانى barlamānī parliamentary

برلمانية barlamānīya parliamentarianism

برلنتى (It. brillante) brillantī brilliant, diamond

برلين barlīn Berlin

1 برم barima a (baram) to be or become weary, tired (ب of), be fed up, be bored (ب with), find annoying, wearisome (ب s.th.) V to feel annoyed (ب by), be displeased (ب with); to be fed up (ب with), be sick and tired (ب of, also من ); to be impatient, discontented, dissatisfied; to grieve, be pained

برم barim weary, tired (ب of), disgusted (ب at, with); dissatisfied, discontented

تبرم tabarrum weariness, boredom, disgust; discontent, dissatisfaction; uneasiness, discomfort, annoyance

متبرم mutabarrim cross, peevish, vexed, annoyed

2 برم barama u (barm) to twist, twine (هـ a rope); to shape (هـ s.th.) round and long; to roll up (هـ the sleeves); to settle, establish, confirm (هـ s.th.) IV to twist, twine (هـ a rope); to settle, establish, confirm (هـ s.th.); to conclude (هـ a pact); to confirm (هـ a judicial judgment); to ratify (هـ a treaty, a bill) VII to be settled, be established, be confirmed; to be twisted, be twined

برامة barrāma pl. -āt drilling machine

بريم barīm rope; string, cord, twine

بريمة barrīma pl. –āt drill, borer, gimlet, auger, bit; ○ corkscrew برم

○ بريمية barrīmīya spirochete

ابرام ibrām settlement, establishment; confirmation; conclusion (of a pact, etc.); ratification|محكمة النقض والابرام maḥkamat an-naqḍ wa-l-i. Court of Cassation (Eg.)

مبروم mabrūm:○سلك مبروم (silk) wire rope, cable

مبرم mubram firm, strong; irrevocable, definitely established; confirmed, ratified|قضاء مبرم (qaḍā’) inescapable fate; بصورة مبرمة irrevocably

3 برمة burma pl. برم buram, برام birām earthenware pot

برما burmā Burma

برمائى barmā’ī amphibious|دبابة برمائية (dabbāba) amphibious tank (mil.)

○ برمائية barmā’īya amphibian

برماننت (Engl.) barmanant permanent wave| برماننت على البارد cold wave (in hair)

برمق barmaq pl. برامق barāmiq2 baluster; spike (of a wheel)

برمهات baramhāt the seventh month of the Coptic calendar

برمنكهام Birmingham

برمودة barmūda the eighth month of the Coptic calendar

برميل barmīl pl. براميل barāmīl2 barrel; keg, cask; tun

برنية barnīya pl. برانى barānīy clay vessel

برنامج barnāmaj pl. برامج barāmij2 program, plan, schedule; roster, list, index; curriculum

برنجك burunjuk gauze, crepe

1 برنس burnus pl. برانس barānis2 (also برنوس barnūs, burnūs pl. برانيس baranīs2) burnoose, hooded cloak; casula, chasuble (of Coptic priests)| برنس الحمام b. al-ḥammām bathrobe

برانسى barānisī pl. -īya maker of burnooses

2 جبال البرانس jibāl al-barānis the Pyrenees

برنس brins prince

برنسيسة brinsēsa princess

برنط II tabarnaṯa to wear a hat

برنطية burnaiṯa pl. -āt, برانيط barānīt2 (European) hat (men’s and women’s); lamp shade

برهة burha pl. burahāt, بره burah a while, a time; short time; instant, moment; برهة burllatan a little while| برهتين (after two moments =) in a short time

برهم barham (syr.) = مرهم marham

برهمن barahman pl. براهمة barāhima Brahman

برهمية barahmīya Brahmanism

برهن barhana to prove, demonstrate (على or عن s.th.)

برهن burhān pl. براهين barāhīn2 proof

برهنة barhana proving, demonstration

بروة bawa waste, scrap

بروتستانتي brotostantī Protestant; (pl. -ūn) a Protestant

بروتستانتية brotostantīya Protestantism

بروتستو (It. protesto) brotostō protest (of a bill of exchange)

بورتوكول brotokōl protocol

بروتون proton

بوجرام brogrām program

بروجى burūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler

بروز barwaza to frame

برواز barwāz, birwāz pl. براويز barāwīz2 frame

بروسيا (It. Prussia) burūsiyā Prussia

بروسي burūsī Prussian

بروفة and بروﭬـة (It. prova) brōva, brōfa pl. -āt test. experiment; proof sheet; rehearsal

برونز (Fr.) bronz bronze

برونزى bronzi bronze, bronzy| العصر البرونزى (‘aṣr) the Bronze Age

1 برى barā i (bary) to trim, shape (هـ s.th.), nib (هـ a pen), sharpen (هـ a pencil); to scratch off, scrape off (هـ s.th.); to exhaust, tire out, wear out, emaciate, enervate (ه s.o.), sap the strength of (ه ) III to vie, compete (ه with s.o.). try to outstrip (ه s.o.) VI to vie, compete, contend, be rivals; to meet in a contest, try each other’s strength (esp. in games and sports) VII to be trimmed, be nibbed, be sharpened; to defy, oppose (ل s.o.); to undertake, take in hand (ل s.th.), set out to do s.th. (ل ), enter, embark (ل upon); to break forth (من from); to get going; to break out, lot fly, explode (with words, esp. in anger or excitement)

برى baran dust, earth

براية barrāya, براية الافلام b. al-aqlām pencil sharpener

مبراة mibrāh pocketknife

مباراة mubārāh pl. مباريات mubārayāt contest tournament, match (in games and sports); competition, rivalry

بار : اعط القوس باريها a‘ṯi l-qausa bāriyahā give the bow to him who knows how to shape it, i.e. always ask an expert

متبار mutabārin participant in a contest, contestant, contender; competitor, rival

2 برية see1 برأ and2 بر

بريطانيا barīṯāniyā, biriṯāniyā Britain, بريطانيا الكبرى (uẓmā) Great Britain

بريطاني barīṯānī, biriṯānī British; Britannic

1 بز bazza u (bazz) to take away, steal, wrest, snatch (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.). rob, strip (هـ ه s.o. of s.th.); to defeat, beat, outstrip, excel (ه s.o.), triumph, be victorious (ه over) VIII to take away, steal, pilfer (هـ s.th.); to take away, snatch (هـ money, من from s.o.); to rob, fleece (ه s.o.)|ابتز اموال الناس to lift money out of people’s pockets, relieve people of their money

ابتزاز ibtizāz theft, robbery; fleecing, robbing (of s.o.)

2 بز bazza u to bud, burgeon

بز buzz, bizz pl. بزاز bizāz, ابزاز abzāz nipple, mammilla (of the female breast); teat, female breast

3 بز bazz pl. بزوز buzūz linen; cloth, dry goods

بزة bizza clothing, clothes, attire; uniform|بزة رسمية (rasmīya) uniform

بزاز bazzāz draper, cloth merchant

بزازة bizāza cloth trade

بزبوز bazbūz pl. بزابيز bazābīz2 nozzle, spout

بزر bazara i (bazr) to sow

بزر bizr pl. بزور buzūr seed(s); pl. ابزار abzār and ابازير abāzīr2 spice

بزرة bizra (n. un.) seed; kernel, pip, pit, stone (of fruit); germ

بزار bazzār seedsman

بزيرة buzaira pl. -āt spore (bot.)

بزغ bazaga u to break forth, come out; to dawn (day); to rise (sun)

بزوغ buzūg appearance, emergence; rise (of the sun)

بزق bazaqa u (bazq) to spit

بزاق buzāq spit, spittle, saliva

بزاقة bazzāqa snail; cobra

مبزقة mibzaqa pl. مبازق mabāziq2 spittoon, cuspidor

1 بزل bazala u (bazl) to split (هـ s.th.); to pierce (هـ s.th.), make a hole (هـ in); to tap,broach (هـ s.th.; a cask); to puncture, tap (ه s.o.; med.); to clear, filter (هـ a liquid)

بزل bazl puncture, tapping, paracentesis (med.)

بزال buzāl bung (of a cask)

مبزل mibzal pl. مبازل mabazil 2 spile, spigot, tap; cock, faucet

2 بزلة (It. piselli) bizilla and بزلا green peas

ابزيم ibzīm pl. ابازم abāzim2 buckle, clasp

بزموت bizmūt bismuth

بزنطى bizanṯī Byzantine

باز bāzin pl. بزاة buzāh, بواز bawāzin, بيزان bīzān falcon

بس bass and بسة bassa pl. بساس bassās cat

بسأ basa’a a (بسء bas’) to treat amicably (ب s.o.); to be intimate, be on familiar terms (ب with)

بسارابيا besārābiyā Bessarabia

بسباس basbās, بسباسة basbāsa (eg.) mace (bot.); (magr.) fennel

بسبوسة basbāsa (eg.) pastry made of flour, melted butter, sugar and oil

بستيلية (Fr.) bastīliya pastilles, lozenges

1 بستان bustān pl. بساتين basātīn2 garden

بستانى bustānī gardener; garden (adj.); horticultural

بستنة bastana gardening, horticulture

2 بستون (Fr. piston) bistōn, بستن (Engl.) bistan pl. بساتن basātin2 piston

3 بستون (It. bastone) bastūnī spades (suit of playing cards)

بسخة basḳa Easter; Passion Week (Chr.)

بسر basara u (بسور busūr) to scowl, frown; -- basara u (basr) and VIII to begin too early (هـ with), take premature action, be rash (هـ in s.th.)

بسر busr (n. un. ة ) pl. بسار bisār unripe dates

باسور bāsūr pl. بواسير bawāsīr2 hemorrhoids

بسط basaṯ u (basṯ) to spread, spread out (هـ s.th.); to level, flatten (هـ s.th.); to enlarge, expand (هـ s.th.); to stretch out, extend (هـ s.th.); to unfold, unroll (هـ s.th.); to grant, offer, present (هـ s.th.); to submit, state, set forth, expound, explain (هـ s.th., ل or على to s.o.); to flog (ه s.o.; Nejd); to please delight (ه s.o.)| بسط ذراعيه (dirā‘aihi) to spread one’s arms; بسط يد المساعدة ل (yada l-musā‘ada) to extend helping hand to s.o.; بسط المائدة to lay the table; -- basuṯa u (بساطة basāta) to be simple, openhearted, frank, candid II to spread, spread out, extend, expand (هـ s.th.); to level, flatten (هـ s.th.); to simplify, make simple (هـ s.th.) III to set forth, state, expound, explain; to be sincere (ب ه with s.th. about or in s.th.), confess frankly (ب ه to s.o. s.th.) V to be spread, be unrolled, be spread out, be extended; to speak at great length (فى about), enlarge (فى on), treat exhaustively, expound in detail (فى a theme); to be friendly, communicative, sociable, behave unceremoniously, be completely at ease| تبسط في الحديث to talk freely, without formality VII to spread, extend, expand (intr.); to be glad, be delighted, be or become happy

بسط basṯ, extension, spreading, unrolling, unfolding; presentation, statement, explanation, exposition; cheering, delighting, delectation; amusement; (Eg.) numerator (of a fraction)| بسط اليد b. al-yad avarice, greed, cupidity

بسطة basṯa extension, extent, expanse; size, magnitude; skill, capability, abilities; excess, abundance; (pl. -āt) statement, exposition, presentation; -- (pl. بساط bisāṯ) landing (of staircase); estrade, dais, platform (eg.)

بساط bisāṯ pl. -āt, ابسطة absiṯa, بسط busuṯ carpet, rug| بساط الرحمة b. ar-raḥma winding sheet, shroud; مسألة (وضع or) طرح على بساط البحث (mas‘alata, baḥtan) to raise a question, bring a question on the carpet, also على بساط المناقشة (b. il-munāqaša) for discussion; طوى البساط بما فيه to bring the matter to an end, settle it once and for all

بسيط basīṯ pl. بسطاء busaṯā’2 simple; plain, uncomplicated; slight, little, modest, inconsiderable, trivial, trifling; البسيط name of a poetical meter; pl. بسطاء simple souls), ingenuous people|بسيط اليدين b. al-yadain (pl. بسط busuṯ) generous, openhanded

البسيطة al-basīṯa the earth, the world

بسائط basā’iṯ2 elements; simple remedies, medicinal plants; basic facts

بساطة basāṯa simplicity, plainness

O ابسوطة ubsūṯa pl. اباسيط abāsīṯ2 rim, felly (of a wheel)

ابسط absaṯ2 simpler; wider, more extensive

تبسيط tabsīṯ simplification

انبساط inbisāṯ (n. vic. ة ) extensity, extensiveness, extension; expansion, expanse; joy. delight, happiness, gaiety, cheerfulness

عضلة باسطة ‘aḍla bāsiṯa extensor (anat.)

مبسوط mabsūṯ extended, outstretched; spread out; extensive, large, sizeable; detailed, elaborate (book); cheerful, happy, gay; feeling well, in good health; (tun.) well-to-do

منبسط munbasiṯ extending, spreading; gay, happy, cheerful; level surface

بسطرمة (Turk.) basṯurma a kind of jerked,

salted meat (eg.)

البوسفور al-busfūr the Bosporus

بسق basaqa a (بسوق busūq) to be high, tall, lofty, towering; to excel, surpass (ه or على s.o.)

باسق bāiq high, tall, lofty, towering

منبسق munbasiq high, tall, lofty, towering

بسكليت (Fr. bicyclette) biskilēt, baskilēt bicycle

بسكوت (It. biscotto) baskūt biscuit

بسكويت baskawīt biscuit

2 بسل basula u (بسالة basāla) to be brave, fearless, intrepid V to scowl, glower X to be reckless, defy death

بسالة basāla courage, intrepidity

استبسال istibsāl death defiance

بسالة bāsil pl. بسلاء busalā’2, بواسل bawāsil2 brave, fearless, intrepid

مسبسل mustabsil death-defying, heroic

2 بسلة bisilla peace

بسم basam i (basm), V and VIII to smile

بسم basma pl. basamāt smile

بسام bassām smiling

مبسم mabsim, pl. مباسم mabāsim2 mouth; mouthpiece, holder (for cigars, cigarettes, etc.)

ابتسام ibtisām and (n. vic.) ابتسامة pl. -āt smile

بسمل basmala to utter the invocation بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم “In the name of God, the Benificent, the Merciful”

بسمل basmala utterance of the above invocation; the invocation itself

بسينة busaina kitty

بسيكولوجى psikolōjī psychological(aI)

بش bašša a (bašš, بشاشة bašāša) to display a friendly, cheerful, happy mien; to smile; to be friendly (ل to s.o.). give s.o. (ل ) a smile

بشوش bašūš, baššāš smiling, friendly, cheerful

بشاشة bašāša smile; happy mien

باش bāšš smiling, happy; friendly, kind

بشت bušt (Nejd, Baḥr., Ir.) a kind of cloak, = عباءة ‘abā’a

بشتة bišta (eg.) woolen cloak worn by Egyptian peasants

1 بشر bašar i, bašira a to rejoice, be delighted, be happy (ب at s.th.) II to announce (as good news; ب ه to s.o. s.th.); to bring news (ب ه to s.o. of s.th.); to spread, propagate, preach (ب s.th.; a religion, a doctrine)| بشر نفسه ب (nafsahū) to indulge in the happy hope that … IV to rejoice (at good news) X to rejoice, be delighted, be happy (ب at s.th., esp. at good news), welcome, (ب s.th.); to take as good omen (ب s.th.)| استبشر به خيرا (ḳairan) to regard s.th. as auspicious

بشر bišr joy

بشر bušr glad tidings

بشرى bušrā glad tidings, good news

بشارة bišāra pl. -āt, بشائر bašā’ir2 good news, glad tidings; annunciation, prophecy; gospel; بشائر good omens, propitious signs| عيد البشارة ‘īd al-b. the Annunciation, the Day of Our Lady (Chr.)

بشير bašīr pl. بشراء bušarā’2 bring.r of glad tidings, messenger, herald, harbinger, forerunner, precursor; evangelist (Chr.)

تبشير tabšīr announcement (of glad tidings); preaching of the Gospel; evangelization, missionary activity

تبشيري tabšīrī missionary

تباشير tabāšīr2 foretokens, prognostics, omens, first signs or indications, heralds (fig.); beginnings, dawn| تباشير الفجر t. al-fajr the first shimmer of aurora, the first glimpse of dawn

مبشر mubaššir pl. -āt announcer, messenger (of glad tidings); evangelist (Chr.); preacher; missionary (Chr.)

مستبشر mustabšir happy, cheerful

2 بشر bašara u to peel (هـ s.th.); to scrape off, shave off, scratch off (هـ s.th.); to grate, shred (هـ s.th.) III to touch (هـ s.th.), be in direct contact (هـ with s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (ه with s.o.); to attend, apply o.s. (ب or ب to s.th.), take up, take in hand, pursue, practice, carry out (هـ s.th., job, a task, etc.)

بشر bašar man, human being; men, mankind

بشرى bašarī human; human being; epidermal, skin (adj.)| طبيب بشرى dermatologist

بشرة bašara outer skin, epidermis, cuticle; skin; complexion

بشرية bašarīya, mankind, human race

مبشرة mibšara pl. مباشر mabāšir2 scraper, grater

مباشرة mubāšara pursuit, practice; direct, physical cause (Isl. Law); mubāšaratan immediately, directly

مبشور mabšūr: جبنة مبشورة (jubna) shredded cheese

مباشر mubāšir pl. -ūn direct, immediate; practitioner, pursuer, operator; director; O manager (Eg.); court usher (Syr.); (mil.) approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)|غير مباشر (iṣābāt) directs

بشروش bašrūš flamingo

بشع baši‘a a (بشاعة bašā‘a) to be ugly, loathsome II to make ugly, disfigure, distort (هـ s.th.); to disparage, run down (هـ s.th.) X to regard as ugly, find ugly or repugnant (هـ s.th.)

بشع baši‘ ugly; offensive, disgusting, distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant

بشاعة bašā‘a ugly; offensive, disgusting, distasteful, repugnant; unpleasant

بشاعة bašā‘a ugliness

ابشع abša2 uglier; more repulsive

1 باشق look up alphabetically

2 بشقه (eg.; Turk. baška; invar.) different

بشك VIII to lie, prevaricate

بشاك baššāk liar

ابتشاك ibtišāk lie, deceit, trickery

1 بشكور baškūr pl. بشاكير bašākīr2 poker, fire iron

2 بشكير balkir pl. بشاكير bašākīr2 towel

بشلة (It.) bišilla pl. -āt bacillus

بشم bašima a (bašam) to feel nauseated, be disgusted (من by s.th.), be fed up (من with) IV to nauseate, sicken, disgust (ه s.o.)

بشم bašam surfeit, satiety, loathing, disgust

بشمار bašmār (tun.) lacework, trimmings

بشامرى bašāmirī (tun.) laceworker, lace-maker

بشمق bašmaq slipper (worn by fuqahā’ and women)

بشنة bašna (magr.) sorghum, millet

بشنس bašan the ninth month of the Coptic calendar

بشنوقة bašnūqa pl. بشانيق bašānīq2 kerchief tied under the chin (pal.)

بشنين bašnīn lotus

بص baṣṣa i (baṣṣ, بصيص basīṣ) to glow, sparkle, glitter, shine; -- (eg.) u to look

بصة baṣṣ embers

بصيص baṣīṣ glow, shine; glimpse, ray (e.g., of hope); lustrous, shining

بصائص baṣā’iṣ lustrous, shining; (eg.) spy, detective

بصبص baṣbaṣa (بصبصة baṣbaṣa) to wag (بذنبه bi-danabihi its tail); (eg.) to ogle, make sheep’s eyes, cast amorous glances

بصخة baṣḳa see بسخة

2 بصر baṣura a (baṣar) to look, see; to realize, understand, comprehend, grasp (ب s.th.) II to make (ه s.o.) understand or realize (هـ or ب s.th.), make (ه s.o.) aware (هـ or ب of s.th.); to enlighten (هـ ه or ب ه s.o. on or as to s.th.); to tell, inform (هـ ه or ب ه s.o. about) IV to see (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make out, behold, perceive, discern, notice (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), set eyes on (هـ ه ), catch sight of (هـ. ه ); to recognize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to reflect (ب on). ponder (ب s.th.) V to look (هـ at), regard (هـ s.th.); to reflect (فى on s.th.), ponder (فى s.th.) X to have the faculty of visual perception, be able to see; to be endowed with reason, be rational, reasonable, intelligent; to reflect (فى on s.th.), ponder (فى s.th.)

بصر baṣar pl. ابصار abṣār vision, eye-sight; glance, look; insight; sight, discernment, perception|قصير البصر shortsighted, myopic; لمح البصر lamḥ al-b.glance of the eye; كلمح البصر, في لمح البصر, دون لمح البصر (dūna), في اقل لمح البصر (aqalIa) in the twinkling of an eye, in a moment, in a flash. instantly; على مدى البصر (madā) within sight; له بصر ب فى is knowledgeable, in, h. is familiar with

بصرى baṣarī optic(al), visual, ocular

بصريات baṣarīyāt optics

بصارة basāra perception, discernment; perspicacity, acuteness of the mind, sharp-wittedness

بصير baṣīr pl. بصراء buṣarā’2 endowed with eyesight; acutely aware (ب of), having insight (ب into); possessing knowledge or understanding (ب of), discerning, discriminating, versed, knowledgeable, proficient (ب in), acquainted (ب with s.th.);

بصيرة baṣīra pl. بصائر (keen) insight, penetration, discernment, understanding, (power of) mental perception, mental vision|عن بصيرة deliberately, knowingly; كان على بصيرة من to have insight into s.th., be informed about s.th.; نافذ البصيرة discerning, clear-sighted, perspicacious, sharp-witted; نفاذ البصيرة nafād al.-b. sharp discernment, perspicacity

ابصر abṣar2 more discerning

تبصرة tabṣira enlightenment; instruction, information

تبصر tabaṣṣur reflection, consideration; penetration, clear-sightedness, perspicacity

باصرة bāṣira pl. بواصر bawāṣir2 eye

2 البصرة al-baṣra Basra (port in S Iraq)

بصق baṣaqa u to spit (على on s.o.)

بصقة baṣqa (n. vic.) expectoration; (expectorated) spit, spittle, saliva

بصاق buṣaq spit, spittle, saliva

مبصقة mibṣaqa spittoon, cuspidor

بصل baṣal (coll.; n. un. ة ) onion(s); bulb(s)| بصل الفار b. al-fa’r sea onion (Scilla verna)

بصلى baṣālī bulbous

بصيلة buṣaila pl. -āt, بصيلة الشعر b. aš-ša‘r bulb of the hair (anat.)

بصم baṣama u (baṣm) to print, imprint (هـ s.th.); to stamp (هـ s.th.); to make, or leave, an imprint (هـ on)

بصمة baṣma pl. baṣamāt imprint, impression| بصمة الختم b. al-ḳatm stamp imprint, stamp; بصمة الاصابع fingerprint

بصوة baṣwa embers

بض baḍḍ tender-skinned

بضع baḍa‘a a (baḍ‘) to cut, slash or slit open (هـ s.th.); to cut up, carve up, dissect, anatomize ( s.th.); to amputate (surg.) II to cut up, carve up, dissect, anatomize III to sleep (ها with a woman) IV to invest capital (هـ ) profitably in a commercial enterprise V pass. of n; to trade; to shop, make purchase X to trade

بضع baḍ‘ amputation

بضع biḍ‘ (commonly, with genit. pl. of f. nouns, بضعة with genit. pl. of m. nouns; in classical Arabic بضع with both genders) some, a few, several

بضعة biḍ‘a pl. بضائع baḍā’i‘ piece (of meat); meat; see also biḍ‘ above

بضع buḍ‘ vulva

بضاعة biḍā‘a pl. بضائع baḍā’i2 goods, merchandise, wares, commodities; that which s.o. has to offer, which he has to &how, with which he is endowed (also attributes, qualities)| قطار البضاعة freight train; اخرج ما عنده من بضاعة he said what he had intended to say

مبضع mibḍa‘ pl. مباضع mabāḍi‘2 dissecting knife, scalpel

ابضاع ibḍā‘ mandate for the management of affairs (lsl. Law); partnership in a limited company, capital investment

مبضع mubḍi‘ pl. -ūn limited partner (com.)

مستبضع mustabḍi‘ manager, managing agent (Isl. Law)

بط baṯṯ (n. un. ة ) duck; بطة baṯṯa leather flask| بطة الساق calf (of the leg)

بطؤ baṯu’a u (بطء buṯ’, بطاء biṯā’, بطاءة baṯa’a) to he slow; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; to tarry, linger, wait, hesitate II to retard, slow down, delay, hold up (ب على s.o. in s.th.) IV to slow down, decelerate, retard, delay, hold up (هـ s.th.); to he slow, go or drive slowly, slow down; to be late (عن for s.th., in meeting s.o.), keep s.o. (عن ) waiting V to be slow, tardy (فى in) VI to he slow, leisurely, unhurried; to go, drive, act or proceed slowly, leisurely; to he slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; to slow down X to find slow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to have to wait a long time (ه for s.o.), be kept waiting (ه by s.o.)

بطء buṯ’ slowness, tardiness| ببطء slowly, leisurely, unhurriedly

بطئ baṯI’ pl. بطاء biṯā’ slow, unhurried; slowgoing, slow-footed, slow-paced; tardy, late; sluggish, lazy; slow, gradual, imperceptible|O بطىء التردد b. at-taraddud of low frequency (el.)

ابطأ abṯa’2 slower| ابطأ من غراب نوح (gurābi nūḥ) tardier than Noah’s raven, i.e., slower than a ten years’ itch (proverbially of s.o. who ia very tardy)

ابطاء ibṯā’ slowing down, retardation, deceleration, reduction of speed; tarrying, delay; slowness| دون ابطاء without delay

تباطؤ tabātu’ slowness; slowing down, retardation

بطارية baṯṯārīya pl. -āt battery (el. and mil.)

بطاطا baṯāṯā, بطاطا baṯāṯā sweet potato, yam

بطاطس baṯāṯis potatoes

بطاقة see بطق

بطبط baṯbaṯa (بطبطة baṯbaṯa) to quack (duck)

بطح baṯaḥa a (baṯḥ) to prostrate, lay low, fell, throw to the ground, throw down (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V and VII to he prostrated, be laid low; to lie prostrate, sprawl, stretch out; to extend, stretch; to lie

ابطح abṯaḥ2 flat, level; (pl. اباطح abāṯiḥ2) basin-shaped valley, wide bed of a wadi

بطحاء baṯḥā’ pl. بطاح biṯāḥ, بطحاوات baṯḥawāt basin-shaped valley; plain, level land, flatland, open country; (tun.) public square

بطيحة baṯīḥa pl. بطائح baṯā’iḥ wide bed of a stream or wadi; a stagnant, shallow and broad body of water

منبطح munbaṯiḥ prostrate; flat, level; level land, plain

بطيخ biṯṯīḳ, baṯṯīḳ (n. un. ة ) melon, water-melon; baṯṯīḳ hub (of a wheel; syr.)

مبطخة mabṯaḳa melon patch

1 بطر baṯira a (baṯar) to be wild, wanton, reckless; to be proud, vain; to be discontented (هـ with s.th.); to disregard (هـ s.th.) IV to make reckless

بطر baṯar wantonness, cockiness, arrogance, hubris, pride, vanity

اباطرة abāṯira (pl.) bona vivants, playboys, epicures

2 البطراء al-baṯrā’ Petra (ancient city of Edomites and Nabataeans; ruins now in SW Jordan)

بطرخ baṯraḳ pl. بطارخ baṯāriḳ2 roe (of fish)

بطرس buṯrus Peter

بطرشيل baṯrašīl and بطرشين baṯrašīn stole (Chr.)

بطريق biṯrīq pl. بطارقة baṯāriqa, بطاريق baṯārīq2 patrician; Romaean general; penguin (zool.)

بطرك baṯrak, بطريك baṯrīk, بطريرك baṯriyark pl. بطاركة baṯārika Patriarch (as. an ecclesiastic title, Chr.)

بطركية baṯrakīya, بطريركية baṯriyarkīya patriarchate (Chr.)

بطش baṯaša i u (baṯš) to attack with violence; to bear down on, fall upon s.o. (ب or فى ); to knock out (ه s.o.); to hit, strike (ب s.th.). land with a thud (ب on)

بطش baṯš strength, power, force, violence; courage, valor, bravery; oppression, tyranny

بطشة baṯša impact

بطاقة biṯāqa pl. –āt, بطائق baṯā’iq2 slip (of paper), tag; card, calling card; ticket; label| بطاقة الزيارة calling card; بطاقة شخصية (šaḳṣīya) and بطاقة التعريف identity card; بطاقة المواد الغذائية b. al-mawādd al-gidā’īya, بطاقة التموين food ration card; بطاقة المعايدة b. al-mu‘āyada greeting card

1 بطل baṯala u (buṯl, بطلان buṯlān) to be or become null, void, invalid, false, untenable, vain, futile, worthless; to be abolished, fall into disuse, become obsolete; to cease, stop, be discontinued; to be inactive. be oat of work II to thwart, foil, frustrate, make ineffective counteract, neutralize, nullify, invalidate (هـ s.th.); to abolish, cancel, annul, suppress (هـ s.th.) IV = II; to talk idly, prattle; to paralyze, immobilize, hold down, pin down (ه the opponent)

بطل buṯl nullity; uselessness, futility. vanity; falsity, falseness, untruth

بطالة biṯāla and baṯāla idleness, inactivity; free time, time off, holidays, vacations; unemployment

بطال baṯṯāl pl. –ūn idle, inactive; unemployed, out of work

بطلان buṯlān nullity; uselessness, futility, vanity; falsity, untruth; invalidity

ابطال ibṯāl thwarting, frustration, invalidation; ruin, destruction; abolition, cancellation

باطل bāṯil nugatory, vain, futile; false, untrue; absurd, groundless, baseless; worthless; invalid, null, void; deception, lie, falsehood; بالباطل and باطلا bāṯila falsely; futilely, in vain; pl. اباطيل abāṯīl2 vanities, trivialities, trifles, flimflam, idle talk, prattle

مبطل mubṯil prattler, windbag; liar

مبطل mubṯal nugatory, futile, vain

متبطل mutabaṯṯil unemployed

2 بطل baṯula u (بطالة baṯāla, بطولة buṯūla) to be brave, be heroic, be a hero

بطل baṯal pl. ابطال abṯāl brave, heroic; hero; champion, pioneer; hero, protagonist (of a narrative, etc.), lead, star (of a play); champion (athlet.)| بطل العالم b. Al-‘alam world champion

بطلة baṯala heroine (of a narrative), female lead, star (of a play); woman champion (athlet..)

بطالة baṯāla bravery, valor, heroism

بطولة buṯūla bravery, valor, heroism; leading role, starring role (theater, film); championship (athlet.)| البطولة العالمية (‘ālamīya) and بطولة العالم b. al-‘ālam world championship (athlet.); دور البطولة the part or role of the hero, leading role

بطالسة baṯālisa Ptolemies

بطم buṯm, buṯūm terebinth (bot.)

1 بطن baṯana u (baṯn, بطون bulan) to he hidden, concealed, to hide; -- baṯuna u (بطانة baṯāna) to be paunchy II to line (هـ a garment, ب هـ s.th. with); to cover the inside (ب هـ of s.th. with), hang, face, fill (ب هـ s.th. with) IV to hide, conceal, harbor (هـ s.th.) V to be lined, have a lining (garment); to penetrate, delve (هـ into), become absorbed, engrossed (هـ in) X to penetrate, delve (هـ into), become absorbed, engrossed (هـ in); to try to fathom (هـ s.th.); to fathom (هـ s.th.), get to the bottom of (هـ ); to have profound knowledge (هـ of s.th.), know thoroughly, know inside out (هـ s.th.)

بطن baṯn pl. بطون buṯūn, ابطن abṯun belly, stomach, abdomen; womb; interior, inside, inner portion; depth| بطن القدم b. al-qadam sole of the foot; بطن الكف b. al-kaff palm of the hand; رقص البطن and رقص البطون raqṣ al-b. belly dance; فى بطن (baṯni) in, within, in the midst of; فى بطون inside, within, in; ولدت بطنا واحدا (waladat) she gave birth only once; بطنا لظهر (li-ẓahrin) upside down

بطنى baṯnī ventral, abdominal

بطن baṯin paunchy

بطنة biṯna gluttony; overeating, indigestion

بطان biṯān pl. ابطنة abṯina girth (of a camel)

بطانة biṯāna pl. بطائن baṯā’in2 inside, inner side; lining (of a garment); retinue, suite, entourage| فى بطانة among, amidst; within

بطين baṯīn pl. بطان biṯān and مبطان mibṯān, paunchy, fat, corpulent, stout; gluttonous

بطين buṯain ventricle (of the heart; anat.)

بطانية baṯṯānīya pl. -āt, بطاطين baṯāṯīn2 cover; blanket; quilt

باطن bāṯin pl. بواطن bawāṯin2 inner, interior, inward, inmost, intrinsic; hidden, secret; الباطنة coastal plain of E Oman; باطنا bāṯinan inwardly, secretly| باطن الكف b. al-kaff palm of the hand; باطن القدم b. al-qadam sole of the foot; فى باطن الامر at bottom, after all, really; بواطن الامر the factors, circumstances or reasons at the bottom of s.th.; بواطن الارض b. al-arḍ the secret depths of the earth

باطني bāṯinī internal| مرض باطني (maraḍ) internal disease; الطب الباطني (ṯibb) internal medicine

الباطنية al-bāṯinīya name of a school of thought in Islam, characterized by divining a hidden, secret meaning in the revealed texts

مبطون mabṯūn affected with a gastric or intestinal ailment

مبطن mubaṯṯan lined; filled (ب with)

2 بطن II (tun.) to full (هـ s.th.)

باطان (Span. batán) bāṯān fulling mill

باطية bāṯiya pl. بواط bawāṯin pitcher, jug

بظ baẓẓa u to spout, gush out, well out

بظر baẓr pl. بظور buẓur clitoris (anat.)

بعبع bu‘bu‘ pl. بعابع ba‘ābi‘2 bugaboo, bogey

بعث ba‘ata a (ba‘t) to send, send out, dispatah (الى ب or هـ, ه s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (الى ب or هـ s.th. to); to delegate (ب or ه الى s.o. to); to emit (ب or هـ s. th.); to evoke, arouse, call forth, awaken (هـ s.th.); to stir up, provoke, bring on (هـ s.th.); to revive, resuscitate (هـ s.th.); to resurrect (ه s.o., من الموت from death); to incite, induce (على to s.th.), instigate, (على s.th.); to cause (على s.th.; e.g., astonishment)|بعث اليه هزة الخوف (hazzat al-ḳauf) to scare the wits out of s.o.; بعث روح الحياة في (rūḥa l-ḥayāh) to breathe life into s.th. or s.o., revive s.th. VII to be Bent out, be emitted, be dispatched, be delegated; to be triggered, be caused, be provoked; to be resurrected (من الموت from death); to originate (من in), come (من from), be caused (من by); to emanate (fragrance); to arise, spring, proceed, develop (من from), grow out of (من ); to set out to do s.th. (with foll. imperf.) VIII to send, dispatch (ه s.o.)

بعث ba‘t sending out, emission, dispatching, delegation, etc.; resurrection; pl. بعوث bu‘ūt delegations, deputations|حزب البعث ḥizb al-b. approx.: Renaissance Party, a political party with strong socialist tendencies; يوم البعث Day of Resurrection (from the dead)

بعثة ba‘ta pl. ba‘atāt delegation, deputation, mission; expedition; student exchange; group of exchange students; revival, rebirth, renaissance, rise| بعثة عسكرية (‘askarīya) military mission; بعثة دبلوماسية diplomatic mission; بعثة اثرية (atarīya) archaeological expedition; رئيس البعثة ra’īs al-b. chief of mission (dipl.)

باعوث bā‘ūt Easter (Chr.)

مبعث mab‘at sending, forwarding, dispatch; emission; awakening, arousal; -- (pl. مباعث mabā‘it2) cause; factor

باعث bā‘it pl. بواعث bawā‘it2 incentive, inducement, motive, spur, reason, cause, occasion

مبعوث mab‘ūt dispatched, delegated; envoy, delegate; representative, deputy (in the Ottoman Empire)

منبعث munba‘at source, point of origin

بعثر ba‘tara (بعثرة ba‘tara) to scatter, strew around, fling about (هـ s.th.); to disarrange, throw into disorder (هـ s.th.); to squander, waste, dissipate (هـ s.th.) II tabatara pass.

مبعثر muba‘tar scattered, widespread

بعج ba‘aja a (ba‘j) to slit open (هـ the belly); to groove, dent, notch (هـ s.th.) VII to have indentations or notches; to be bruised, dented, bumpy; to get battered

منبعج munba‘ij notched, indented

بعد ba‘uda u (bu'd) to be distant, far away, far off; to keep away, keep one’s distance (عن from); to go far beyond (عن ), exceed by far (عن s.th.); to be remote, improbable, unlikely|بعد به عن he kept him away from; لا يبعد ان it is not unlikely that II to remove (ه s.o.); to banish, exile, expatriate (ه s.o.) III to cause a separation (بين between)|باعد بين فلان وبين الشيء to prevent s.o. from attaining s.th.; باعد بين اجفانه (ajfānihī) to stare wide-eyed IV to remove (هـ s.th.); to take away (هـ s.th.); to eliminate (هـ s.th.), do away with (هـ ); to send away, dismiss (ه s.o.); to expatriate, banish, exile (ه s.o.); to exclude, make unlikely, improbable, impossible (هـ s.th.); to go or move far away; to go very far (فى in or with s.th.) VI to be separated, lie apart, lie at some distance from one another; to separate, part company, become estranged; to move away, go away, withdraw, depart (عن from); to keep away, keep one’s distance (عن from); to quit, leave, avoid (عن s.th.); to follow in regular intervals VIII to move or go away; to keep away, withdraw (عن from); to quit, leave, avoid (عن s.th.); to leave out of consideration, disregard (عن s.th.) X to single out, set aside (هـ s.th.); to think remote, farfetched (هـ s.th.); to regard as unlikely (هـ s.th.); to disqualify (ه s.o.)

بعد bu‘d remoteness, farness; (pl. ابعاد ab‘ād) distance; dimension; interval (mus.)| على بعد and على البعد in the distance, far off; على بعد مئة متر at a distance of 100 meters; عن بعد and من بعد from a distance, from afar; ذو ثلاثة ابعاد three-dimensional; قياس الابعاد qiyās al-a. linear measure; بعد الهمة b. al-himma high aspirations, loftiness of purpose; بعد الشقة b. aš-šiqqa wide interval, wide gap; بعد الصيت b. aṣ-ṣīt renown, fame, celebrity; بعد الصوت b. aṣ-ṣaut do.; بعد النظر b. an-naẓar far sightedness, foresight; بعدا bu‘dan li away with !

بعد ba‘du then, thereupon; afterwards, later, after that, in the following; still, yet| فيما بعد afterwards, later; اما بعد see1 اما ; هو بعد صغير he is only a small boy, be is still young; لم يأت بعد (ya’ti) he hasn’t come yet

بعد ba‘da (prep.) after; in addition to, beside; aside from| بعد كونه (kaunihī) aside from the fact that he is ; بعد ذلك afterwards, after that, later (on); besides, moreover; بعد ذاك besides, moreover; بعد ان ba‘da an (conj.) after; اذ (id), بعد ما and من بعد ما (ba‘di) do.; سفه ما بعده سفه (safahun) the height of stupidity

بعدئذ ba‘da’idin then, thereafter, thereupon, after that, afterwards

بعيد ba‘īd pl. بعداء bu‘adā’, بعد bu‘ud, بعدان ba‘dān, بعاد bi‘ād distant, far away, fur (or from); remote, outlying, out-of-the-way; far-reaching, extensive; farfetched, improbable, unlikely; unusual, strange, odd, queer; incompatible, inconsistent (عن with)| من بعيد from afar, from a distance; منذ عهد بعيد (‘ahd) along time ago; بعيد الاثر b. al-atar of far-reaching consequence; بعيد التاريخ remote in time, going way back in history, ancient; بعيد الشأر b. aš-ša’w high-minded, bold; بعيد الشقة b. aš-šiqqa far apart; بعيد الغور b. al-gaur deep; unfathomable; بعيد المدى b. al-madā long-distance, long-range; extensive, far-reaching; بعيد النظر b. an-naẓar farsighted; farseeing; بعيد المنال b. al-manāl hardly attainable, hard to get at; ذهب بعيدا to go far away, go to distant land.; تطلع الى بعيد to look off into the distance

بعيد bu'aida (prep.) shortly after, soon after

ابعد ab‘ad2 pl. اباعد abā‘d2 farther, remoter, more distant; more extensive; less likely, more improbable; pl. اباعد abā‘d2 very distant relative|الشرق الابعد (šarq) the Far East; الابعد the absent one (used as a polite periphrasis for s.o. who is being criticized or blamed for s.th.; also when referring to the1st and2nd persons)

ابعادية ab‘adīya pl. -āt country estate

تبعيد tab‘īd banishment

بعاد bi‘ād distance

مباعدة mubā‘ada sowing of dissension, estrangement, alienation

ابعاد ib‘ād removal, separation, isolation; elimination; expatriation, banishment, deportation

تباعد tabā‘ud interdistance; mutual estrangement

مبعد mub‘ad deported; deportee

متباعد mutabā‘id separate| في فترات متباعدة (fatarāt) in wide intervals; في فترات متباعدة من الزمن (zaman) at infrequent intervals, from time to time

مستبعد mustab‘ad improbable, unlikely

1 بعر ba‘r, ba‘ar, droppings, dung (of animals)

2 بعير ba‘īr pl. ابعرة ab‘ira, بعران bu‘ran, اباعر abā‘ir2, بعارين ba‘ārīn2 camel

بعزق ba‘zaqa (بعزقة ba‘zaqa) to scatter, dissipate, squander, waste (هـ s.th.)

مبعزق muba'ziq squanderer, spendthrift, wastrel

بعض II to divide into parts or portions (هـ s.th.) V to be divided, be divisible

بعض ba‘ḍ part, portion; one; some, a few; a little of, some of| بعض العلماء b. al-‘ulamā’ one (or Borne) of the scholars; رفعنا بعضهم فوق بعض (rafa‘na) we have exalted some of them above the others; البعض—البعض الآخر some—some, a few others; بعضهم بعضا one another, each other, mutually, reciprocally; بعضه فى بعض one in the other, within one another; بعض الشيء ba‘ḍa š-šai’ to some extent, somewhat, a little, rather; ماثلة بعض المماثلة (ba‘ḍa l-m.) he resembled him somewhat, to some extent; منذ قرن وبعض قرن (qarn) for the last hundred years and more

بعوض ba‘ūḍ (n. un. ة ) gnats, mosquitoes

تبعيض tab‘īḍ division, partition. portioning

بعكوكة bu‘kūka club, society

بعل ba‘l the god Baal; land or plants thriving on natural water supply; -- (pl. بعول bu‘ū, بعولة bu‘ūla) lord; husband

بعلة ba'w wife

بعلى ba‘l, unirrigated (land. plants)

بعلبك ba‘lbakk2 Baalbek (ancient Heliopolis, village in E Lebanon)

بغت bagata a (bagt, بغتة bagta) to come unexpectedly, descend unawares (ه upon s.o.) III do.; to surprise (. s.o.) VII to be taken by surprise; to be taken aback, be aghast, he nonplused

بغتة bagta surprising event, surprise; bagtatan, على بغتة bagtatin all of a sudden, suddenly, surprisingly

مباغتة mubāgata sudden arrival, surprising incident or event, surprise; sudden attack, raid

بغاث bugāt pl. بغثان bigtan small birds

بغادة see بوغادة

بغدد II tabagdada to swagger, throw one's weight around, be fresh (properly, to behave like one from Baghdad)

بغداد bagdād2 Baghdad

بغدادى bagdādī pl. -ūn, بغاددة bagādida a native of Baghdad

1 بغش bagaša a: بغشت السماء (samā’u) there was a light shower

بغشة bagša light rain shower

2 بغشة bugša = بقشة

3 بغاشة bagāša stuffed pastry made of flour, eggs and butter

بغض bagiḍa a, baguḍa u (bugḍ, بغاضة bagāḍa) to be hated, hateful, odious II to make (ه s.o.) hateful (الى to s.o.) III to loathe, detest, hate (ه s.o.) IV to loathe, detest, hate (ه s.o.) VI to hate each other

بغض bugḍ, بغضة bigḍa and بغضاء bagḍā’2 hatred, hate

بغيض bagīḍ, hateful, odious (الى to s.o.), loathsome, abominable

تباغض tabāguḍ mutual hatred

مبغوض mabgūḍ detested, hateful, odious

مبغض mubgiḍ pl. -ūn hater; -- mubgaḍ detested, hateful, odious

بغل bagl pl. بغال bigāl, ابغال abgal mule; بغلة bagla pl. bagalāt female mule| بغال القنطرة b. al-qanṯara the piers of the bridge

بغال baggāl pl. -ūn mule driver, muleteer

بغى bagā i (بغاء bugā’) to seek, desire, covet, seek to attain (هـ s.th.), wish for s.th. (هـ ); -- (bagy) to wrong, treat unjustly (على s.o.) , to oppress (على s.o.), commit outrage (على upon); to whore, fornicate VII ينبغى it is desirable, necessary; it is proper, appropriate, seemly, it ought to be, should be; with له : it behooves him, with عليه : he must, he should, he ought to VIII to seek, desire (هـ s.th.), aspire (هـ to s.th.), strive (هـ for)

بغى bagy infringement, outrage, injustice, wrong

بغى bagīy pl. بغايا bagāyā whore, prostitute

بغية bugya object of desire, wish, desire, bugyata (prep.) with the aim of, for the purpose of

بغاء bigā’ prostitution

بغاء bugā’ wish(ing), desire, endeavor, effort

مبغى mabgan pl. مباغ mabāgin brothel

مباغ mabāgin coveted things, desiderata, wishes, desires

ابتغاء ibtigā’ desire, wish; ibtigā’a (prep.) for the purpose of

باغ bāgin pl. بغاة bugāh desiring, coveting, striving; committing outrages, oppressive, unjust; oppressor, tyrant

مبتغى mubtagan aspired goal, aspiration, desire, endeavor, effort

بفتة bafta calico, Indian cotton cloth

بفتيك biftēk beefsteak

1 بق baqq (n. un. ة ) bedbug, chinch|شجرة البق elm (bol.)

2 بق baqqa u (baqq) to give off in abundance

بقاق baqqāq garrulous, loquacious, chatterbox, prattler

بقبق baqbaqa (بقبقة baqbaqa) to gurgle, bubble, splutter, purl (water); to chatter, prattle

بقباق baqbāq garrulous, loquacious, chatterbox, prattler

بقبوقة baqbūqa blister (of the skin)

بقجة buqja pl. بقج buqaj bundle, pack, package

بقدونس baqdūnis, baqdūnas parsley

بقر baqara u to split open, rip open, cut open (هـ s.th.) IV do.

بقر baqar (coll.) bovines, cattle; n. un. بقرة baqara pl. -āt cow

بقرى baqarī bovine, cattle-, cow- (in compounds)

بقار baqqār pl. ة cowhand, cowboy

بقس baqs box, boxwood (bot.)

بقسمات buqsumāt rusk, zwieback; biscuit

بقشة buqša Yemenite copper coin

بقشيش baqšīš pl. بقاشيش baqāšīš2 present of money; tip, gratuity, baksheesh

بقع II to spot, stain, smudge; (هـ s.th.) V to become stained, get smudged; to be spotted, stained

بقعة buq‘a pl. بقع buqa‘, بقاع biqā‘ spot, blot, smudge, stain; place, spot, site, plot. patch, lot

ابقع abqa‘2 spotted, speckled

باقعة bāqi‘a pl. بواقع bawāqi‘ sly dog, shrewd fellow

بقل baqala u (baql) to sprout (plant)

بقل baql (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. بقول buqūl, ابقال abqāl herbs, potherbs, greens, herbaceous plants, specif., legumes| الفصيلة البقلية the Leguminosae; البقلة الباردة hyacinth bean (Dolichos lablab L.), البقلة الحمقاء (ḥamqā’) purslane (bot.), البقلة الذهبية (dahabīya) garden orach (bot.), بقلة الخطاطيف celandine (bot.), بقلة الملك b. al-malik common fumitory (bot.)

بقال baqqāl pl. -ūn بقالة baqqāla greengrocer; grocer

بقالة biqāla the grocery business

بقلاوة baqlāwa, بقلاوا a kind of Turkish delight, pastry made of puff paste with honey and almonds or pistachios

بقام baqqām brazilwood

بقي baqiya a (بقاء baqā’) to remain, stay, continue to be (على in a state or condition); to keep up, maintain (على a state or condition); to be left behind, be left over; to last, continue, go on; (with foll. imperf. or part.) to continue to do s.th., keep doing s.th.; to become|لم يبق طفلا (yabqa ṯiflan) he is no longer a child II to leave, leave over, leave behind (هـ s.th.) IV to make (ه s.o.) stay; to retain, leave unchanged, leave as it is, preserve, maintain, keep up (هـ s.th.); to leave, leave over, leave behind (هـ s.th. ه s.o.); to leave untouched, save, spare (على s.o., s.th., e.g., s.o.’s life) V to remain, stay, continue to be (على in a state or condition); to be left, be left over X to make stay, ask to stay, hold back, detain (ه s.o.); to spare, save, protect (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to preserve (هـ s.th.); to retain, keep (هـ s.th.); to store, put away (هـ s.th.)

بقية baqīya pl. بقايا baqāyā remainder, rest; remnant, residue| بقية الدول b. ad-duwal the remaining countries, the rest of the countries; البقية الباقية (bāqiya) the last remnant

بقاء baqā’ remaining, staying, lingering, abiding; continuation, continuance, duration; survival, continuation of existence after life; immortality, eternal life; existence; permanence|دار البقاء the hereafter

ابقى abqā more lasting. more durable. more permanent; better preserving; conducive to longer wear. better protecting

ابقاء ibqā’ continuation, retention; maintenance, conservation, preservation| ابقاء الحالة على ما كانت عليه maintenance of the status quo

استبقاء istibqā’ continuation, retention; maintenance, conservation, preservation

باق bāqin staying; remaining; left; remainder (arith.); lasting, continuing, permanent, unending; surviving; living on; everlasting, eternal (God)| الباقيات الصالحات the good works

متبق mutabaqqin residue, remnant, remainder, rest

بك bē (Eg. pronunciation) pl. بكوات bakawāt, بهوات bahawāt bey (title of courtesy; cf. بيك )

بكوية bekawīya rank of a bey

بكيء bakī’ pl. بكاء bikā’ having or giving little, sparing (e.g., of words)

بكاسين bikāsīn bécassine, snipe (zool.)

بكالوريا (Fr. baccalauréat) bakālōriyā baccalaureate, bachelor’s degree

بكالوريوس bakālōriyūs bachelor (academic degree)

بكباشى (Turk. binbaşı) bimbāšī, bikbāšī major (mil; formerly, Eg.)

بكت to censure, blame (ه s.o.)

تبكيت tabkīt blame, reproach| تبكيت الضمير remorse

بكتيرى baktērī bacterial, caused by bacteria

بكتيريا baktēriyā bacteria

بكر bakara u to set out early in the morning, get up early; to come early (الى to), be early (الى at) II do.; بكر فى and بكر ب with foll. verbal noun: to do s.th. early, prematurely, ahead of its time III to be ahead of s.o. (ه ), anticipate, forestall (ه s.o.) IV = I; VIII to be the first to take (هـ s.th.), be the first to embark (هـ on s.th.); to deflower (ها a girl): to invent (هـ s.th.); to create, originate, start (هـ s.th.)

بكر bakr pl. ابكر abkur, بكران bukrān young camel

بكر bikr pl. ابكار abkār first-born, eldest; firstling: unprecedented, novel, new; virgin; virginal

بكرى bikrī first-born, first

بكرية bikrīya primogeniture

بكرة bakra and bakara pl. بكر bakar, -āt reel; pulley (mech.); spool, coil; winch, windlass| خيط بكرة ḳaiṯ b. thread

بكرة bakra: على بكرة ابيهم ‘alā bakrati abīhim, عن بكرة ابيهم and عن بكرتهم all without exception, all of them, all together; خرجت الجماهير عن بكرتها the crowd went forth as one man

بكرة bukra pl. بكر bukar early morning; بكرة bukratan early in the morning; tomorrow; on the following day, next day

بكير bakīr coming early; early, premature; precocious

بكور bakūr and باكور bākūr coming early; early, premature; precocious

بكور bukūr earliness, prematureness, premature arrival| بكورى فى العود (‘aud) my early return

بكارة bakāara virginity

بكارة bakkāra pulley (mech.)| بكارة مركبة (murakkaba) set of pulleys, block and tackle

بكورة bukūra and بكورية bukūrīya primogeniture

باكورة bakūra pl. بواكير bawākīr2 firstlings; first results, first fruits; beginning, rise, dawn; (with foll. genit.) initial, early, first; pl. بواكير first signs or indications; initial symptoms; heralds, harbingers (fig.)| باكورة الفواكه early fruit; كان باكورة اعماله the first thing he did was...

ابكر abkar2 rising earlier

مبكر mibkār precocious

ابتكار ibtikār pl. -āt novelty, innovation; creation; invention; origination, first production; initiative; creativity, originality; pl. ابتكارات specif., creations of fashion, fashion designs

باكر bākir early; premature; باكرا bākiran in the morning; early (adv.)|فى الصباح الباكر (ṣabāḥ) early in the morning; الى الباكر till tomorrow

باكرة bākira pl. بواكر bawākir2 firstlings, first produce, early fruits, early vegetables; pl. first indications or symptoms, heralds, harbingers

مبكر mubakkir doing early; early;| مبكرا mubakkiran early in the morning, early

مبتكر mubtakir creator; creative; inventor; -- mubtakar newly created, novel, new, original; (pl. -āt) creation, specif., fashion creation, invention|ثوب مبتكر (taub) original design, model. dress creation

بكرج bakraj pl. بكارج bakārij2 kettle, coffee pot

بكسماد , بكسماط , see بقسمات

بكل II to buckle, buckle up, button up (هـ s.th.); to fold, cross (هـ the arms)

بكلة bukla pl. بكل bukal, -āt buckle

بكلاه (It. baccalá) bakalāh codfish

بكلوريوس bakalōriyūs bachelor (academic degree)

بكم bakima a to be dumb: -- bakuma u to be silent, hold one’s tongue IV to silence (ه s.o.) V to become silent; to become dumb

بكم bakam dumbness

ابكم abkam2, f. بكماء bakmā’, pl. بكم bukm dumb

بكوات and بكوية see بك

بكى bakā i (بكاء bukā’, بكى bukan) to cry, weep (على over); to bemoan, lament, bewail (ه s.o.), mourn (ه for) II and IV to make (ه s.o.) cry X to move (ه s.o.) to tears, make (ه s.o.) cry

بكاء bakkā’ given to weeping frequently, tearful, lachrymose

حائط المبكى ḥā’iṯ al-mabkā the Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem)

باكية bākiya pl. بواك bawākin wailing-woman, hired mourner; (eg.) arch, arcade

باك bākin pl. بكاة bukāh weeping, crying; weeper, wailer, mourner

مبك mubkin, mubakkin, causing tears, tearful; sad, lamentable, deplorable

بكين bikīn Peking

1 بل bal (also with foll. و wa-) nay, --rather... ; (and) even; but, however, yet

2 بل balla u (ball) to moisten, wet, make wet (هـ s.th., ه s.o.);--balla i to recover (من مرض from an illness) II to moisten, wet, make wet (هـ s.th., ه s.o.) IV to recover (من مرض from an illness) V and VIII to be moistened, be wetted; to become wet

بل ball moistening, wetting; moisture

بل bill recovery, convalescence, recuperation

بلة billa moisture, humidity| ما زاد الطين بلة mā zālda ṯ-ṯīna billatan what made things even worse ...

بل balal moisture, humidity; moistness, dampness, wetness

بليل balīl a moist, cool wind

بليلة balīla (eg.) dish made of stewed maize and sugar

ابلال iblāl recovery, convalescence, recuperation

بل taballul moistness, dampness, humidity

مبلول mablūl, مبلل muballal, مبتل mubtall moist, damp, wet

3 بلى billī (from Fr. bille): كرسي بلى (kursī) ball bearing

بلا see 2ب

بلاتين , ﭙلاتين blātī., plātīn platinum

بلاج (Fr. plage) blāž beach

بلاجرا balagrā pellagra

بلارج balāraj stork

بلاستيك (Fr. plastique) blāstīk plastik

بلاط see بلط

بلاك (Engl. plug) spark plug (ir.)

بلان , بلانة see بلن

بلبط balbaṯa to gurgle

1 بلبل balbala to disquiet, make uneasy or restive, stir up, rouse, disturb, trouble, confuse (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) II tabalbala to feel uneasy, be anxious; to be or become confused, get all mixed up

بلبلة balbala pl. بلابل balābil2 anxiety, uneasiness, concern; confusion, muddle, jumble, chaos

بلبال balbāl anxiety, uneasiness, concern

بلابل balabil2 anxieties, apprehensions

تبلبل tabalbul muddle, confusion|بلبل الالسنة t. al-alsina confusion of tongues (at the tower of Babel)

2 بلبل bulbul pl. بلابل balabil2 nightingale

بلج balaja u (بلوج bulūj) to shine; to dawn (morning, aurora); -- balija a (balaj) to be happy, be glad (ب about), be delighted (ب at) IV to shine (sun) V and VII = balaja

ابلج ablaj2 gay, serene, bright, clear, fair, nice, beautiful

انبلاج الفجر inbilāj al-fajr daybreak

بلجيكا beljīka Belgium

بلجيكى beljīkī Belgian (adj. and n.)

بلح balaḥ (coll.; n. un. ة ) dates (bot.)

بلد baluda u (بلادة balada) to be stupid, idiotic, dull-witted II to acclimatize, habituate (هـ s.th., to a country or region) V pass. of II; to become .tupid, be.otted, lapse into a state of idiocy; to show o.s. from the stupid side VI to feign stupidity

بلد balad m. and f., pl. بلاد bilād country; town, city; place, community, village; بلاد country; بلدان buldān countries| بلاد الحبش b. al-ḥabaš Ethiopia; بلاد الصين b. aṣ-ṣīn China; بلاد الهند b. al-hind India

بلدة balda town, city; place, community, village; rural community; township

بلدى baladī native, indigenous, home (as opposed to foreign, alien); (fellow) citizen, compatriot, countryman; a native; communal, municipal| مجلس بلدى (majlis) city council, local council

بلدية baladīya pl. -āt township, community, rural community; ward, district (of a city); municipality, municipal council, local authority

بليد balīd and ابلد ablad2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted, idiotic

بلادة balāda stupidity, silliness

تبلد taballud idiocy, dullness, obtuseness, apathy

متبلد mutaballid besotted, dull, stupid

ابليز look up alphabetically

ابليس pl. ابالسة look up alphabetically

بلسان ba1asān balsam, balm; balsam tree; black older (bot.)

بلسم balsam pl. بلاسم balāsim2 balsam, balm

بلسم balsamī balsamic, balmy

بلشف balšafa to Bolshevize II tabalšafa to be Bolshevized

بلشفة balšafa Bolshevization

بلشفى bulšifī pl. بلاشفة balāšifa Bolshevist(ic); Bolshevik, Bolshevist

بلشفية bulšifīya Bolshevism

بلشون balašūn heron (zool.)

1 بلص balaṣa u (balš) and II to extort wring forcibly (من ه from s.o. s.th.); to blackmail (ه s.o.)

بلص balṣ extortion, blackmail; forcible imposition of taxes

2 بلاص ballāṣ pl. بلاليص balālīṣ2 (eg.) earthenware jar

1 بلط II to pave (هـ s.th., with flagstones or tiles)

بلاط balāṯ pavement, tiled floor; floor tiles; palace; pl. ابلطة abliṯa floor tiles|البلاط الملكى (malakī) the royal court; حداد البلاط ḥidād al-b. court mourning

بلاطة balāṯa floor tile; flagstone, slabstone; paving stone

تبليط tablīṯ paving, tile-laying

مبلط muballaṯ paved, tiled

2 بلوط ballūṯ oak; acorn

3 بلطة balta pl. -āt, بلط bulaṯ ax

بلطجى balṯajī pl. -īya engineer, sapper, pioneer (mil.); gangster; procurer, panderer, pimp; sponger, hanger-on, parasite

4 بلطة balaṯa balata gum

5 بلطو (Fr. paletot) balṯō pl. –āt, بلاطى balāṯī paletot, overcoat

6 بلطى bulṯī bolti (Tilapia nilotica), a food fish of the Nile

بلطيق al-.balṯīq the Baltic countries| بحر البلطيق baḥr al-b. the Baltic Sea

بلوظة bālūẓa hand pres.; (eg.) a kind of cream made of cornstarch, lemon juice and honey, or the like

بلع bala‘a and bali‘a a (bal‘) to swallow, swallow up (هـ s.th.); to gulp down (هـ s.th.); to put up (هـ with s.th.), swallow, stomach, brook (هـ s.th.)| بلع ريقه (rīqahū) lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e., to catch one’s breath, take a little rest, have a break; to restrain o.s., hold back (said of one in a rage) II and IV to make (ه s.o.) swallow (هـ s.th.)| بلعه ريقه (rīqahū) to grant s.o. a short rest VIII = I

بلعة bal‘a large bite, big gulp

بلاعة ballā‘a, بلوعة ballū‘a pl. –āt, بلاليع ba1ālī ‘2 sink, drain

بالوعة bālū‘a pl. –āt, بواليع bawālī‘2 sewer, sink, drain

بلعم bul‘um pl. بلاعم balā‘im2 and بلعوم bul‘ūm pl. بلاعيم balā‘īm2 pharynx (anat.); بلعوم gullet, esophagus (anat.)

1 بلغ balaga u (بلوغ bulūg) to reach (ه s.o. هـ s.th.), get (هـ, ه to), arrive (هـ at); to come, amount (هـ to), be worth (هـ so and so much); to come to s.o.’s (ه ) ears; to attain puberty (boy); to ripen, mature (fruit, or the like); to come of age; to exhaust, wear out (من s.o.); to act (من upon s.o.), have its effect (من on), affect (من s.o.); to go far (فى, من in s.th.), attain a high degree (فى, من of s.th.)| بلغ به الى to make s.o. or s.th. get to or arrive at, lead or take s.o. or s.th. to, get s.o. or s.th. to the point where, بلغ به الترنح ان (tarannuḥ) he began to reel so violently that ; بلغ الامر مبلغ الجد (mablaga l-jidd) the matter became serious; بلغ السيل الزبى b. s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a climax, things came to a head; بلغ مبلغ الرجال (mablaga r-rijāl) to be sexually mature, attain manhood, come of age; بلغ اشده (ašuddahū) to attain full maturity, come of age; to reach its climax; بلغ فى الشيء مبلغا (mablagan) to attain a high degree of s.th.; حين بلغت بذكرياتي هذا المبلغ (ḥīna, dikrayātī, mablaga) when I had come to this point in my reminiscences; بلغ منه كل مبلغ (kulla mablagin) to work havoc on s.o.; بلغ منتهاه (muntahāhū) to reach its climax, come to a head II to make (ه s.o.) reach or attain (هـ s.th.); to take bring (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.) see that s.th. (هـ ) gets (الى to); to convey, transmit, impart, communicate, report (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to inform, notify (هـ ه s.o. of s.th.), tell, let know (هـ ه s.o. about); to report (عن about), give an account of (عن ); to inform (عن against s.o.), report, denounce (عن s.o.)| بلغ رسالة to fulfill a mission, بلغه سلامى ballighu salāmī give him my best regards! III to exaggerate (فى in s.th.); to overdo. do too long (فى s.th.); to go to greatest lengths, do one’s utmost (فى in) IV to make (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) reach or attain (الى s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) amount (الى to), raise (هـ an amount, a salary, الى to); to inform, notify (ب or عن s.o. of s.th.), tell, let know (ب or عن ه s.o. about); to announce, state, disclose (هـ s.th.); to inform (عن against s.o.), report, denounce (عن s.o.)|ابلغ البوليس ب to report s.th. to the police V to content o.s., be content (ب with); to eke out an existence; to still one’s hunger (ب with), eat (ب s.th.): to b. delivered, be transmitted

سمعا لا بلاغا sam‘an lā balāgan! may it be heard but not fulfilled, i.e. God forbid! (used at the mention of s.th. unpleasant)

بلغة bulga and بلاغ balāg sufficiency, competency, adequacy (see also 2 بلغة below)

بلاغ balāg pl. -āt communication, information, message, report; announcement, proclamation; communiqué; statement; notification (of the police)|بلاغ اخير ultimatum

بليغ balīg pl. بلغاء bulagā’ eloquent; intense, lasting, deep, profound (e.g., an impression); serious, grave (e.g., an injury)

بلوغ bulūg reaching, attainment, arrival (at); maturity, legal majority

بلاغة balāga eloquence; art, of good style, art of composition; literature| علم البلاغة ‘ilm al-b. rhetoric

ابلغ ablag2 intenser, deeper, more lasting; more serious, graver

مبلغ mablag pl. مبالغ mabālig2 amount, sum of money; extent, scope, range; (see also examples under بلغ I)| مبلغ اسمى (ismī) nominal par; المبالغ المودعة (mūda‘a) the deposits (at a bank); ليتبين مبلغ قولى من الجد (li-yatabayyana, qaulī, jidd) in order to find, out to what extent my words were meant seriously

تبليغ tablīg pl. -āt conveyance, transmission, delivery (الى to s.o.); information (عن about); report, notification (عن of); communication, announcement, notice| كتاب التبليغ credentials

مبالغة mubalaga pl. -āt exaggeration

ابلاغ iblāg conveyance, transmission

بالغ bālig extensive, far-reaching; considerable; serious (wound), deep, profound, violent, vehement (feelings), strong, intense; mature; of age, legally major

مبلغ muballig bearer (of news), messenger; informer, denouncer; detective

2 بلغة bulga, balga pl. -āt, bulag slipper of yellow leather

بلغاريا bulgāriyā Bulgaria

بلغارى bugārī Bulgarian (adj. and n.)

بلغم balgam phlegm; (pl. بلاغم balagim2) expectoration, sputum

بلغمى balgamī phlegmatic; phlegmy, mucous

بلف balafa i (balf) to bluff II do.

بلف balf, بلفة balfa bluff

ابلق ablaq2 piebald

بلقيس bilqīs2 Muslim name of the Queen of Sheba

البلقان al-balqān the Balkans

بلقانى balqānī Balkan

بلقع balqa‘ and بلقعة balqa‘a pl. بلاقع balāqi‘2 wasteland

بلك see بلوك

بلكون balkōn balcony

1 بلم balam anchovy

2 بلم balam pl. ابلام ablām sailing barge (ir.)

3 بلم IV to be silent, hold one's tongue

بلان ballān bathhouse attendant; name of a plant growing near stagnant waters

بلانة ballāna female bathhouse attendant; lady's maid

بلنسية balansiya2 Valencia (region and city in E Spain)

بلين pl. بلالين look up alphabetically

بله baliha a to be stupid, simple-minded VI to feign foolishness, pretend to be stupid X to deem (هـ s.o.) stupid or simple-minded

بله balah and بلاهة balāha stupidity, foolishness, simple-mindedness; idiocy, imbecility|بلاهة مبكرة (mubakkira) dementia praecox

بله balha let alone, not to speak of, not to mention

ابله ablah2 stupid, doltish, dull-witted; idiotic

بلهارسيا bilkarsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis (med.)

بلهنية bulahniya abundance, wealth, variety (of earthly possessions)

1 بلهوان see بهلوان

2 بلهون bulhōn pl. بلاهين balāhīn2 (= ابو الهول eg.) sphinx

(بلو and بلى) بلا balā u (balw, بلاء balā’) to test, try, put to the test (هـ s.o., • s.tb.); to know from long experience (هـ s.th.); to afltict (هـ s.o.); -- بلى baliya a (بلى bilan, بلاء balā’) to be or become old, worn, shabby (clothes); to dwindle away, vanish; to deteriorate, decline, become decrepit; to disintegrate (a corpse), decay, rot, spoil III to care, be concerned (ب or هـ, ه about), be mindful (ب or هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.); to pay attention (ب or هـ to), mind, heed, take into consideration, take into account (ب or هـ s.th.); to take notice (ب of)|ما ابالى mā ubālī, لا ابالى I don’t care! I don’t mind! it's all right with me! لا يبالى (as a relat. clause) unconcerned, heedless, careless, reckless IV to try, test, put to the test (هـ s.o.); to make experienced, harden, inure (ه s.o.; said of trials, experiences); to work havoc (هـ on s.th.); to wear out (هـ s.th.) |ابلى بلاء حسنا (balā’an ḥasanan) to stand the test; to prove o.s. brave (in war) VIII to try, tempt, put to the test (هـ s.o.); to afflict (ب ه s.o. with), visit (ب ه on s.o. s.th.); pass. ubtuliya to become or be afflicted (ب with, by), suffer (ب from)

بلى bilan decline, deterioration; decay, putrefaction, decomposition; worn condition; wear; shabbiness

بلي balīy worn, old, shabby, threadbare; decrepit, dilapidated, decaying, decomposed, rotten

بلية balīya pl. بلايا balāyā trial, tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity

بلاء balā’ trial. tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress, misfortune; scourge, plague; creditable performance, bravery, gallantry, heroic action|بلاء حسن (ḥasan) favor, blessing, grace (of God); good performance

بلوى balwā trial; tribulation, visitation, affliction, distress, misfortune, calamity; necessity, need|عمت البلوى (‘ammat) it has become a general necessity

مبالاة mubālāh consideration, regard, heed, attention| لا مبالاة lā-mubālāh indifference, unconcern, carelessness

ابتلاء ibtilā’ trial, tribulation, affliction, visitation

بال bālin old, worn, worn out; shabby, threadbare, ragged, tattered; decrepit, dilapidated; decayed, rotten; obsolete, antiquated

مبال mubālin observant, heedful, mindful (ب of)| غير مبال ب heedless of

مبتلى mubtalan (less correctly مبتل mubtalin) afflicted (ب with, by), suffering (ب from)

بلور II tabalwara to crystalize; to be crystalized; to be covered with crystals

بلور ballūr, billaur pl. -āt crystal; crystal glass, flint glass, glass|O بلور صخرى (ṣaḳrī) rock crystal, transparent quartz

بلورة billaura (n. un.) pl. -āt crystal; crystal glass, flint glass, glass; tube (radio); crystal, quartz plate (of a detector; radio); (syr., pronounced ballōra) negative (phot.)

بلورى ballūrī, billaurī crystalline; crystal (adj.)

بلورية ballūrīya, billaurīya pl. -āt lense (opt.)

مبلور mubalwar: فواكه مبلورة candied fruits

بلوز (Fr. blouse) bəlūz, bəlūza pl. –āt blouse

بلوك (Turk. bölük) bulūk pl. -āt company (mil.; Eg.)| بلوك امين b. amīn (mil.) approx.: quartermaster sergeant (formerly, Eg.)

بلون ballūn balloon

1 بلى balā yes, yes indeed, certainly, surely

2 بلى baliya etc., see بلو

بلياتشو (It. paglaccio) palyatšō clown, buffoon

بلياردو (It. bigliardo) bilyardō billiards

بليسيه bilīsēh plissé, pleating

1 بلين ballīn pl. بلالين balālīn2 pallium, liturgical vestment of a bishop worn over the chasuble (Chr.); monk's robe (Copt.·Chr.)

2 بليون balyūn pl. بلايين balayīn (U.S.) billion, (G.B.) milliard; (U.S.) trillion, (G.B.) billion

بم bamm lowest string of a musical instrument

بمباغ bumbāg, بمباغة bumbāga bow tie

بمباى bombāy Bombay

بامية look up alphabetically

1 بن V تبنى to adopt as son (ه s.o.); to adopt. embrace (هـ s.th.)

ابن ibn pl. ابناء abnā’, بنون banūn son; descendant. scion; offspring, son (of a nation or people)| ابن آدم pl. بنو آدم (son of Adam) man, human being; ابن آوى ibn āwā jackal; ابن البلد ibn a1-balad local inhabitant, native; ابناء البلد natives, native population; ابن الحرب ibn al-ḥarb warrior; soldier; warlike, bellicose; ابن السبيل wayfarer, wanderer; ابن خمسين سنة 50 years old; ابن ساعته ibn sā‘atihī temporal, transient, passing; ابن صلبه ibn ṣulbihī his own son; ابن عرس ibn ‘irs weasel; بنو ماء السماء banū mā’ as-samā’ the Arsbs; بنو سويف Beni Suef (city in Egypt, S of Cairo)

ابنة ibna and بنت bint pl. بنات banāt daughter; بنت girl| ابنة العم i. al-‘amm (female) cousin; periphrastically for wife: ابنة عمك your wife; بنت الفك b. a1-fikr pl. بنات الافكار thought, idea; بنات الارض b. a1-arḍ insects and worms; بنات بئس b. bi’s calamities, afflictions; بنات الدهر b. ad-dahr do.; بنت الشفه b. aš-šafa word; بنات الصدر b. aṣ-ṣadr worries, fears, anxieties; بنات وردان b. wardāna earth worms, rainworms

بني bunaiya my little son

بنوة bunuwwa sonship, filiation

بنوى banawi filial

تبن tabannin adoption (also fig., e.g. of ideas, principles, etc.)

2 بن bunn coffee beans, coffee

بنى bunnī coffee-colored, brown

بنان banān finger tips| يشار عليه ببنان (yušāru lit.: he is pointed at with fingers, i.e., he is famous man; انا طوع بنانك anā tau‘a banānika I am at your disposal, I am at your service

بنادورة banādōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) tomato(es)

بنارس banāris2 Banaras or Benares (the Holy City of the Hindus, in N India)

بنباشى see بكباشى

بنت see 1 بن

بنتو bintū napoleon, louis d'or (gold coin of 20 francs)

بنج II to dope, narcoticize (with banj; ه s.o.); to anesthetize (. s.o.)

بنج banj henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; bot); an anesthetic, a narcotic

البنجاب al-banjāb the Punjab (region, NW Indian subcontinent)

بنجر banjar red beet (eg.)

بند band pl. بنود bunūd article, clause, paragraph (of a. la.w, contract, etc.); banner; large body of troops

بندر bandar pl. بنادر banādir2 seaport; commercial center; district capital (Eg.); بنادر see also under بنديرة below| بندر عباس ‘abbās Bandar Abbas (seaport in S Iran)

بندورة look up alphabetically

بندق bunduq (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. بنادق banādiq2 hazelnut(s), filberts; hazel, hazel tree; بندقة hazelnut, filbert; bullet

بندقى bunduqī Venetian sequin

بندقية bunduqīya pl. بنادق banādiq2 rifle, gun| بندقية رش b. rašš shotgun

البندقية al.bunduqīya Venice

بندقانى bunduqani pl. -ūn, بنادقة banādiqa a Venitian

بندوق bundūq pl. بناديق banādīq2 bastard

بندورة banadōra (syr.; from It. pomodoro) tomatoes

احمر بندورى aḥmar2 banadōrī tomato-red

بندول (Fr. pendule) bandūl pendulum

بنديرة (Span. bandera) bandēra pl. بنادر banadir2 pennon, flag, banner

بنور bannūr (= بلور ballūr) glass

بنزهير banzahīr bezoar, bezoar stone

بنزين banzīn, benzīn gasoline, benzine

بنس (Engl.) pence

بنسلين benisilīn penicillin

بنسيه (Fr. pensée) banēh pansy (bot.)

بنسيون bansiyōn pl. -āt boardinghouse; boarding school

بنصر binṣir f., pl. بناصر banāsir2 ring finger

بنط bunṯ pl. بنوط bunūṯ point (stock market)

بنطلون banṯalūn (from It. pantaloni) pl. –āt trousers, pants

بنغازى bangāzī Bengasi (city in NE Libya, capital of Cyrenaica)

البنغال al-bangāl Bengal (region, NE Indian subcontinent)

بنفسج banafsaj (coll.; n. un. ة ) violet (bot.)

بنفسجى banafsajī violetlike, violetish;

violet (adj.)| فوق البنفسجى or وراء البنفسجى ultraviolet

بنفش banfaš, banafš amethyst (min.)

بنقة binaqa and بنيقة banīqa gore, gusset (of a shirt or garment)

1 بنك bunk root, core, heart, best part| بنك العمر b. al-‘umr the prime of life, the best years

2 بنك bank pl. بنوك bunūk bank, banking house| بنك التسليف credit bank; بنك التوفير deposit bank; بنك الدم b. ad-dam blood bank; البنك الدولى (daulī) the World Bank

3 مبنك mubannak stranded

4 محنك مبنك muḥannak mubannak shrewd, sly, astute

بنكنوت (Engl.) banknōt banknote

بنوة and بنوى see1 بن

بنوار (Fr. baignoire) banwār baignoire, theater box of the lowest tier

1 بنى bana i (بناء binā’, بنيان bunyān) and VIII to build, erect, construct, set up (هـ s.th.); to build, establish, rest (على هـ s.th. on); to consummate the marriage (بها and عليها with a woman); pass. buniya, ubtuniya to be based, be built, rest (على on)|بنى كلمة على (kalimalan) to give a word an indeclinable ending in (a certain vowel or a vowelless consonant; gram.) V see 1 بن

بناء binā’ building, construction, erection, setting up; structure (also, e.g., of an organism), setup, make-up; (pl. ابنية abniya) building, structure, edifice|اعادة البناء i‘ādat al-b. reconstruction; البناء الحر (ḥurr) Freemaaonry; بناء على binā’an ‘alā according to, in accordance with, on the basis of, by virtue of, on the strength of; بناء على هذا accordingly, thus

بنائى binā’ī constructional, building (used attributively); architectural; structural

بنية binya, bunya pl. بنى binan, bunan structure, setup, make-up; binya build, frame, physique, physical constitution|ضعيف البنية of delicate constitution; صحيح البنية and سليم البنية of sound constitution, healthy; قوي البنية qawīy al-b. husky, sturdy

بناء bannā’ pl. -ūn builder; mason; constructive| بناء حر (ḥurr) Freemason

بناية bināya pl. -āt building, structure, edifice

بنيان bunyān building, construction, erection, setting up; building, structure, edifice; physique, stature

مبنى mabnan pl. مبان mabānin building, construction, erection, setting up; building, structure. edifice; form; foundation, fundament, basis | الرأى والمبنى (ra’y) content and form

تبن tabannin see 1 بن

بان bānin pl. بناة bunāh builder

مبنى mabnīy built, set up. erected; founded, based, resting (على on); fixed, established; indeclinable; ending indeclinably (على in; gram.)

2 ﭙنى (Engl.) penny

بنيو (It. bagno) banyō batb, bathtub

بهت bahita a, bahuta u and pass. buhita (baht) to be astonished, amazed, bewildered, startled, perplexed, flabbergasted, speechless; -- bahita to be or become pale, fade (color); -- bahata a to astonish, amaze, bewilder, startle, stagger, flabbergast (ه s.o.); (بهتان buhtān) to slander, defame (ه s.o.) III to come or descend unexpectedly (ه upon s.o.); to startle, stagger, flabbergast (ه s.o.) IV to surprise, astonish, amaze (هـ s.o.) VII = I

بهت buht and بهتان buhtān slander, false accusation; lie, untruth

بهتة bahta perplexity, amazement, bewilderment, stupefaction

باهت bāhit pale, pallid, faded (color); perplexed, aghast

مبهوت mabhūt perplexed, astonished, amazed, startled, flabbergasted, aghast

بهج bahija a to be glad, he bappy (ب about), he delighted (ب at); -- bahuja u to be beautiful, look wonderful IV to gladden, delight, make happy (ب s.o.) VIII to be glad, be happy (ب about), be delighted (ب at)

بهجة bahja splendor, magnificence, beauty, resplendence; joy, delight|بهجة الانظار delight of the eyes, welcome sight

بهج bahij, بهيج bahīj magnificent, splendid, beautiful; happy, joyous; delightful

مبهجة mabhaja a moment of happiness and joy

مباهج mabāhij joys, delights; pleasures, amusements, diversions; splendid things; splendor, pomp, magnificence

ابتهاج ibtihāj joy, rejoicing, delight (ب at)

مبهج mubhij pleasant, charming, delightful

مبتهج mubtahij happy, glad, delighted

بهدل bahdala to insult (ه s.o.); to treat contemptuously, meanly (ه s.o.); to expose (ه s.o.) to ridicule, make a laughingstock (ه of s.o.) II tabahdala pass. of I

بهدلة bahdala insult, affront, abuse, outrage; meanness; triteness, insipidity

مبهدل mubahdal maltreated, oppressed, miserable

بهر bahara a (bahr) and IV to glitter, shine; to dazzle, overwhelm (ه s.o., هـ s.o.’s eyes)| شيء يبهر الابصار a dazzling, overwhelming thing; -- pass. buhira to be out of breath, to pant VII to be dazzled, blinded; to be smitten with blindness; to. be out of breath VIII to flaunt, parade, show off, present in a dazzling light (ب s.th.)

بهر bahr deception, dazzlement (ب by)

بهر buhr difficult respiration, labored breathing

بهر bahra (n. vic.) being dazzled, dazzlement

بهرة buhra middle, center| فى بهرة amidst

ابهر abhar2 more brilliant, more magnificent

ابهر abhar2 aorta (anat.)

بهار bahār pl. -āt spice

ابتهار ibtihār dazzling display, show (ب of s.th.)

باهر bāhir dazzling, brilliant, splendid

مبهور mabhūr breathless, out of breath, panting

بهرج bahraja (بهرج bahraja) to adorn, deck out, dress up showily; to give a deceptive brightness (هـ to); to glamorize (هـ s.th.); to reject as false (ه a witness); to fake, counterfeit (هـ s.th.) II tabahraja to adorn o.s., spruce o.s. up, dress up; to be fake

بهرج bahraj false, spurious, fake, sham, worthless, bad; counterfeit money; tinsel, frippery, cheap finery; trash, cheap stuff

بهرجة bahraja empty show, hollow pomp

بهرجان bahrajan tinsel, frippery

مبهرج mubahraj showy, tawdry, gaudy, ornate, ostentatious; trashy, rubbishy, cheap, inartistic

بهريز bahrīz (eg.) a soup

بهظ bahaza a (bahz) to oppress weigh down (ه s.o.; a load, work), weigh heavily (هـ on s.o.) IV do.

باهظ bāhiẓ heavy, oppressive, trying; excessive, exorbitant, enormous; expensive, costly

بهق bahaq a kind of lichen (bot.); herpetic eruption, tetter; vitiligo alba, a mild form of leprosy (med.)

بهل bahala a (bahl) to curse (ه s.o.) V and VI to curse one another VIII to supplicate, pray humbly (to God)

ابهل abhal savin (Juniperus sabina; bot.)

ابتهال ibtihāl supplication, prayer

باهل bāhil pl. بهل buhl, buhhal free, independent

بهلول buhlūl, bahlūl pl. بهاليل bahālīl2 buffoon, jester, clown, fool

بهلوان bahlawān pl. -āt, -īya acrobat, tumbler, equilibrist, ropedancer, tightrope walker

بهلوانى bahlawānī acrobatic|حركات بهلوانية (ḥarakāt) acrobatics; antics, capers of a tumbler; طيران بهلوانى (ṯayarān) aerial acrobatics, stunt flying

بهم IV to make obscure, dubious, unintelligible (هـ s.th.) V and X to be obscure, ambiguous, unintelligible (على to s.o.)

بهمة bahma lamb, sheep

بهيم bahīm pl. بهم buhum jet-black

بهيمة bahīma pl. بهائم bahā’im beast, animal, quadruped; pl. livestock, cattle, (large) domestic animals

بهيمى bahīmī animal, bestial, brutish

بهيمية bahīmīya brutishness, bestiality, brutality

ابهام ibhām obscurity; vagueness, ambiguity

ابهام ibhām pl. اباهيم abāhīm2 thumb; big toe

باهم bāhim big toe

مبهم mubham obscure, dark, cryptic, doubtful, vague, ambiguous| عدد مبهم (‘adad) abstract number (math.); O العصب المبهم (‘aṣab) the vagus (anat.); الاسم المبهم (ism) the demonstrative pronoun (gram.)

1(بهو) بها bahā u, bahuwa u and بهى bahiya a (بهاء bahā’) to be beautiful III to vie, compete (ب ه with s.o. in s.th.); to pride o.s. (ب on)و be proud (ب of), boast (ب of, ب ه to s.o. of s.th.) VI to compete with one another; to be proud (ب of), pride o.s. (ب on)

بهو bahw pl. ابهاء abhā’ hall; parlor, drawing room, reception hall

بهى bahīy beautiful, magnificent, splendid; brilliant, radiant, shining

بهاء bahā’ beauty, magnificence, splendor; brilliancy

بهائى bahā’ī Bahai (adj.); (pl. -ūn) an adherent of the Bahai sect, a Bahai

ابهى abhā more splendid, more brilliant

مباهاة mubāhāh and تباه tabāhin pride, vainglory, boastfulness

2 بهوات see بك

(بوء) باء bā’a u to come again, return; to come back (ب with s.th.), bring back, yield, bring in (ب s.th.)|باء بالخيبة or بالفشل (ḳaiba, fašal) to fail II to provide accommodations (ل and ه for s.o., هـ at a place), put up (ل or ه s.o., هـ at)|بوأ مكانا (makānan) to take a place, settle down, live or stay at a place IV to provide accommodations (ه for s.o., هـ at a place); to settle down, reside, live (ب at a place) V to settle down (هـ at a place), occupy (مركزا markazan a place), hold (مقاما maqāman a position)|تبوأ مكانا (makānan) to gain ground, become generally accepted; تبوأ العرش (‘arš) to ascend the throne; تبوأ الحكم (ḥukm) to come to power, take over power

بيئة bī’a pl. -āt (usually pronounced bai’a) pl. -āt residence, domicile, seat; situation; surroundings, environment, milieu; home, habitat

مباءة mabā’a place to which s.th. comes; abode, dwelling, habitation

تبوء tabawwu’: تبوء العرش t. al-‘arš accession to the throne

بوب II to divide into chapters or sections (هـ s.th.); to arrange in groups, arrange systematically, class, classify (هـ s.th.)

باب bāb pl. ابواب abwāb, بيبان bībān door;; gate; opening, gateway; entrance; chapter, section, column, rubric; group, class, category; field, domain (fig.)|الباب العالى the Sublime Porte; باب المندب b. al-mandab Bab el Mandeb (strait between SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.); على الابواب near, imminent; فتح بابا جديدا to open up a new way, a new possibility; فتح باب futiḥa bāb was (were) begun, got under way; قفل باب الشيء (qafala) to put an end to s.th., terminate, close s.th.; من باب الفضل (b. il-faḍl) as a favor; من باب اولى (aulā) with all the more reason, the more so; فى هذا الباب about this matter, about this; من باب الضرورة ان (b. iḍ-ḍarūra) it is necessary that ; هذا ليس من باب الصدفة (b. iṣ-ṣudfa) that’s no coincidence; كان من باب or دخل في باب (with foll. genit.) to belong to, fall under; فريد في بابه unique of its kind; طلع على باب الله to pursue one's livelihood, earn one’s bread

بابة bāba pl. -āt kind, sort, class, category

بواب bawwāb pl. -ūn doorman, gatekeeper

بوابة biwāba office of gatekeeper

بوابة bawwāba pl. -āt (large) gate, portal|بوابة القنطرة b. al-qanṯara lock gate

تبويب tabwīb division into chapters, sectioning, classification, systematic arrangement, grouping

مبوب mubawwab arranged in groups, classed, classified

بوبلين boblīn poplin

بوبينة (Fr. bobine) bobīna spool, reel

بويت see بيت

بوتاسا , بوتاس (It. potasa) būtāsā, būtās potash

بوتقة būtaqa (usually pronounced bautaqa) crucible, melting pot|في بوتقة الزمان (zamān) in the melting pot of time

بوجية (Fr. bougie) bužīh pl. -āt spark plug (eg.)

(بوح) باح bāḥa u (bauḥ) to become known, be revealed, be divulged, leak out (secret); to reveal, disclose, divulge (هـ or ب s.th., a secret; الى and ل to s.o.) IV to disclose, reveal (هـ or ب s.th., ل to s.o.); to release, abandon, make public property, declare ownerless (هـ s.th.); to permit, allow, leave (s.th., ل to s.o.); to justify, warrant (هـ s.th.) X to reveal (هـ s.th.); to regard as public property, as ownerless, as fair game; to deem permissible, lawful (هـ s.th.); to hurt (حرمته ḥurmatahū s.o.’s honor); to take possession (هـ of), appropriate, take as booty (هـ s.th.); to seize, confiscate (هـ s.th.)|استباح دمه (damahū) to proscribe, outlaw s.o.

بوح bauḥ divulgence, disclosure (of a secret); confession

بوح būḥ wide, open space; courtyard; hall

باحة bāḥa pl. -āt wide, open space; open place, square, plaza; courtyard; hall

اباحة ibāḥa divulgence, disclosure (of a secret); permission, authorization; licentiousness

اباحى ibāḥī licentious, unrestrained, uninhibited; anarchist; freethinker

اباحية ibāḥīya freethinking, libertinism; anarchism

استباحة istibāḥa appropriation, capture, seizure; spoliation, confiscation

مباح mubāḥ permitted, allowed, permissible; legal, lawful, licit, legitimate; open to everyone, permitted for all, free; ownerless (1.1. Law); indifferent (said of actions for which neither reward nor punishment is to be expected, but which are permissible, pl. مباحات indifferent, permissible actions, Isl. Law)

(بوخ) باخ bāḳa u to abate, subside, let up, decrease; to die, go out (fire); to fade, bleach; to spoil, rot (e.g., meat) II to spoil (هـ s.th.)

بواخ buwāḳ evaporation, exhalation, vapor, steam

تبويخ tabwīḳ: تبويخ النكتة an-nukta the spoiling of the point of a story

بايخ bāyiḳ spoiled, bad; vapid, insipid, stale (also, e.g., of a joke)

بوخارست būḳārest Bucharest

بودرة (Fr. poudre) būdra powder

بودقة būdaqa pl. بوادق bawādiq2 crucible, melting pot

بوذا būdā Buddha

بوذى būdī Buddhistic; Buddhist

بوذية būdīya Buddhism

(بور) بار bāra u (baur, بوار bawār) to perish; to lie fallow, be uncultivated (land); to be futile, unsuccessful, unprofitable, lead to nothing (work); to be unsalable, be dead stock (merchandise)|بارت البنات (bint) the girl could not get a husband II to let lie fallow (هـ land); to make unprofitable, useless (هـ s.th.) IV to destroy

بور būr uncultivated, fallow| ارض بور (arḍ), pl. اراض بور (arāḍin) fallow land, wasteland

بوار bawār perdition, ruin| دار البوار hell

بائر bā’ir uncultivated, fallow (land)

بورانى baurānī (eg.) a vegetable stew

بور سعيد būr sa‘īd Port Said (seaport in NE Egypt)

بور سودان būr sūdān Port Sudan (seaport in NE Sudan)

بورتوريكو burturīkū Puerto Rico

بورتغال burtugāl Portugal

بورصة būrṣa pl. -āt stock exhange

بور فؤاد Port Fuad (seaport in NE Egypt, opposite Port Said)

بورق bauraq borax

بورما burma Burma

1 بورى (Turk. boru) būrī trumpet, bugle

بوروجى biūjī pl. -īya trumpeter, bugler

2 بورى būrī (pl. بوارى bawārī) striped mullet (Mugil cephalus; zool.)

3 بوريه (Fr.) būrēh purée

1 بوز II to pout, sulk, look glum, sullen

بوز būz pl. ابواز abwāz muzzle, snout

تبويزة tabwīza sullen mien

مبوز mubawwaz sullen, glum

2 بوز būz, بوزة bum ice cream

3 بوزة būza a beerlike beverage

4 باز bāz pl. ابواز abwāz, بيزان bīzān falcon

1 بوس būs bus

2 بوس )) باس bāsa u (baus) to kiss (ه s.o.)

بوسة bausa, būsa kiss

بوستو (It. busto) bustū corset

بوسطة , بوستة (It. posta) busṯa, busta post, mail

البوسفور al-busfūr the Bosporus

باش (بوش ) bāša u (bauš) to be boisterous, shout, roar (crowd) II do.

بوش bauš pl. اوباش aubāš (for ابواش ) mob. rabble

1 بوص būṣ (coll.; n. un. ة ) reed

بوصة būṣa pl. -āt inch

2 بوص būṣ pl. ابواص abwāṣ, linen or silk fabric

بوصلة (It. bussola) bōṣla compass

بوطة būṯa crucible, melting pot

بوظة būẓa a beerlike beverage

1 بوع bū‘ metatarsal bone (anat.)|لا يعرف الكوع من البوع hث wouldn’t know his knee from his elbow (proverbially, of a stupid person)

2 باع bā‘ pl. ابواع abwā‘ the span of the outspread arms, fathom; in Eg. today = 4 ḍirā‘ mi‘mārīya = 3 m| طويل الباع mighty, powerful; capable, able; knowledgeable; generous, liberal; قصير الباع powerless, helpless, impotent, weak, incapable; niggardly, stingy; قصير الباع impotence, weakness; incapability (عن of); بالباع والذراع with might and main

1 بوغ II to surprise

1 باغة bāga celluloid; tortoise shell

بوغادة būgāda and بوغاضة būgāḍa potash, lye

بوغاز būgāz pl. بواغيز bawāgīiz2 strait(s); harbor| بوغاز الدردنيل the Dardanelles

بوفيه (Fr. buffet) būfēh buffet; bar; sideboard

بوق II to blow the trumpet

بوق būq pl. -āt, ابواق abwāq trumpet, bugle; fanfare; horn (of an automobile, of a gramophone); acoustic signaling device; megaphone; mouthpiece, spokesman; duplicity, treachery, betrayal| بوق الصوت b. aṣ-ṣaut or بوق الراديو loudspeaker (radio); O بوق رحمى (raḥimi) oviduct, Fallopian tube (anat.)

بواق bawwāq trumpeter, bugler

باقة bāqa bundle; bunch of flowers, nosegay, bouquet

بائقة bā’iqa pl. بوائق bawā’iq2 misfortune, calamity

بوقال būqāl, بوقالة būqala pl. بواقيل bawāqīl2 vessel without handles, mug

بوكسفورد boksəford patrol wagon, paddy wagon, Black Maria

بوكسكاف (Engl.) bokəkāf box calf

1(بول) بال bāl u (baul) and V to make water, urinate IV to be diuretic X to cause to urinate

بول baul pl. ابوال abwāl urine| مرض البول السكرى maraḍ al-b. as-sukarī diabetes

بولى baulī uric, urinary, urinous| المسالك البولية the urinary passages; الامراض البولية diseases of the kidney and urinary bladder; تسمم بولى (tasammum) uremia (med.)

بيلة bīla: O بيلة آحانية (āḥīnīya) albuminuria; O بيلة دموية (damawīya) hematuria (med.)

بوالة bawwāla public lavatory

مبولة mabwala pl. مباول mabāwil2 urinal; a diuretic; -- mibwala chamber pot; toilet, water closet

استبوال istibwāl: O استبوال ist. ad-dam uremia (med.)

2 بال bāl state, condition; heart, mind; notice, regard, attention|ذو بال significant, notable, considerable, important, serious, grave; فراغ البال farāg al-b. leisure; مشغول البال anxious, uneasy, concerned, worried.; طويل البال long-suffering, patient; ما باله (with verb) why is it that he (it) ? why ? ما بالك how about you? what do you think? خلا باله ḳalā bāluhū his mind is at rest, he has no worries; خطر بباله it occurred to him, it came to his mind; اعطى (القى، جعل) باله الى (ل ) (a‘ṯā, alqā, ja‘ala) to turn one’s mind to, give one’s attention to, pay attention to, take into account, be mindful of, bear in mind, heed s.th.; لم يلق لقولى بالا lam yulqi li-qaulī bālan he didn't pay any attention to what I said; لا يقل عنه بالا (yaqillu) no less significant than this

3 بول būl postage stamp

4 بال bāl whale (zool.)

5 بالة look up alphabetically

بولاد būlād (= فولاذ ) steel

بولصة see بوليسة

بولاق būlāq2 a district of Cairo

بولندة bōlanda Poland

بولندى bōlandī Polish; (pl. -ūn) Pole

بولو bōlō polo

بولونيا (It. Polonia) būlūniya Poland

بولوني būlūnī Polish; Pole

1 بوليس (Fr. police) būlīs police|بوليس الآداب vice squad; البوليس الجنائى (jinā’ī) criminal police; البوليس الحربى (ḥarbī) military police; البوليس السرى (sirrī) secret police; بوليس المرور traffic police

رواية بوليسية riwāya būlīsīya detective story

2 بوليسة and بوليصة (Fr. police) būlīsā, būlīṣa pl. بوالص bawāliṣ2, بوالس bawālis2 certificate of insurance, policy|بوليسة الشحن b. aš-šaḥn bill of lading

بوليفيا būlīfiyā Bolivia

بوليفى būlīfī Bolivian

O داء البولينا dā’ al-baulīnā uremia

بوم būm (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. ابوام abwām owl

1 بون baun, būn interval, distance; difference

2 بان coll.; n. un. ة ) ben tree (Moringa; bot.; horse-radish tree (Moringa oleifera; bot.); Egyptian willow (Salix aegyptiaca L.; bot.)

بونسايرس Buenos Aires

بونى (Engl.) bōnī pl. بوانى bawānī pony

باه bāh coitus; sexual potency; sexuality

بوهيميا (Engl.) bōhīmiyā Bohemia

بوهيمي bōhēmī Bohemian (adj. and n.)

بوهيمية bōhēmīya Bohemianism, Bohemian life

بؤونة ba’ūna the tenth month of the Coptic

year

بوية (Turk. boya) bōya paint; shoe polish

بويجى , بوياجى (eg.) boyagī house painter, painter; shoeshine, bootblack

بية bayya = باية look up alphabetically

بيئة see بوء

بيادة biyāda infantry (Eg.)

بيادى biyādī infantryman, foot soldier

بيان , بيانة, بيانو biyān, biyāna, biyānō pl. بيانات biyānāt piano

1 بيب bīb pipe, tube; feed pipe, spout (of a reservoir or tank)

2 بيبة bība (Western) smoking pipe

(بيت) بات bāta i (مبيت mabīt) to pass or spend the night; to stay overnight; to become; to be (فى in a situation); with foll. imperf.: to get into a situation. Get to the point where; to continue to do s.th., go on or keep doing s.th., stick to s.th. II to brood (by night; هـ about s.th.); to contrive, hatch (هـ an evil plan, ل against s.o.), plot (ل against s.o.); to put up for the night (ه s.o.)|بيت فى الصف (ṣaff; eg.) to flunk, fail promotion (pupil) IV to put up for the night (ه s.o.)

بيت bait pl. بيوت buyūt, بيوتات buyūtāt house, building; tent (of nomads); room; apartment, flat; (garden) bed; family; case, box, covering, sheath; pl. بيوتات large, respectable houses; respectable families; (pl. ابيات abyāt) verse| بيت الابرة b. al-ibra (navigator’s) compass; اهل البيت ahl al-b. family, specif., the family of the Prophet; اهل البيوتات people from good, respectable families; بيوتات تجارية (tijārīya) commercial houses; البيت الحرام (ḥaram) the Kaaba; بيت الخلاء b. al-ḳalā’ and بيت الادب b. al-adab toilet, water closet; بيت الداء origin or seat of the disease; بيت ريفى (rīfī) country house; بيت القصيدة and بيت القصيد (the essential, principal verse of the kasidah, i.e.) the quintessence; the gist, the essential, the hit of s.th.; s.th. that stands out from the rest, the right thing; بيت لحم baitalaḥm2 Bethlehem; البيت الملك the ruling house; بيت المال treasure house; fisc, treasury, exchequer (Isl. Law); (Tun.) administration of vacant Muslim states

بيتى baitī domestic, private, home, of the house, house- (in compounds); domesticated (animals); home made

بويت buwait pl. -āt small house; small tent

بيات bayyāt pl. -ūn and بياتة bayyāta boarder (student); (pl. -ūn) pupil of a boarding school (tun.)

بيوت bayyūt stale, old

مبيت mabīt overnight stop, overnight stay; shelter for the night

بائت bā’it stale, old; (eg.) not promoted, فى الصف (ṣaff) in school

مبيت mubayyit plotter, schemer, intrigant

بيجاما bījāmā and بيجامة bījāma pajama

1(بيد) باد bāda i to perish, die, pass away, become extinct IV to destroy, exterminate, extirpate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

بيد ان baida anna although, whereas; (esp., introducing a sentence:) yet, however, but, though

بيداء baidā’2 pl. بيد bīd, بيداوات baidawāt desert, steppe, wilderness

ابادة ibāda annihilation, extermination, eradication, extirpation

بائد bā’id passing, transitory, temporal; past, bygone

مبيد mubīd destructive, annihilative; (pl. -āt) means of extermination| مبيدات حشرية (ḥašarīya) insecticides

2 بيادة look up alphabetically

بيدر baidar pl. بيادر bayādir2 threshing floor

بيدق baidaq (and بيذق ) pl. بيادق bayādiq2 pawn (in chess)

بيذنجان see باذنجان alphabetically

1 بيارة bayyāra pl. -āt (pal.) irrigation wheel; plantation

2 بيرا , بيرة (It. birra) bīrā, bīra beer|مصنع البيرا maṣna‘ al-b. brewery

بيرق bairaq pl. بايرق bayāriq2 flag, banner, standard

بيرقدار bairaqdār color-bearer, standard-bearer

جبال البيرنيه (Fr. Pyrénées) jibāl al-bīrinēh the Pyrenees

1 بيرو bērū Peru

2 بيرو (Fr. bureau) bīrō pl. -āt office, bureau

بيروت bairūt2 Beirut (capital of Lebanon)

بيروتى bairūtī pl. بوارتة bawārita, بيارتة bayārita a native or inhabitant of Beirut

بيروقراطى bīruqrāṯī bureaucratic

بيروقراطية bīrūqrāṯīya bureaucracy; red tape

بيزنطيا bīzanṯiyā Byzantium

بيزنطي bīzanṯī Byzantine

بيسون bīsōn bison

(بيض) باض bāḍa i to lay eggs (also هـ ); to stay, settle down, be or become resident (ب at a place)| باض بالمكان وفرخ (wa-farraḳa) to be born and grow up in a place; to establish itself and spread (plague) II to make white, paint white, whitewash, whiten (هـ s.th.); to bleach, blanch (هـ s.th., textiles, laundry, rice, etc.); to tin, tinplate (هـ s.th.); to make a fair copy (هـ of s.th.)| بيض الوجه (wajhahū) to make s.o. appear blameless, in a favorable light, to whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify s.o., play s.o. up, make much of s.o.; to honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; بيض الله وجهه may God make him happy! لا يبيض من صحيفته this doesn't show him in a favorable light V pass. of II; IX to be or become white

بيض baiḍ pl. بيوض buyūḍ eggs

بيضة baiḍa (n. un.) pl. -āt egg; testicle; helmet; main part, substance, essence| بيضة الديك b. ad-dīik (the egg of a rooster i.e.) an impossible or extraordinary thing; بيضة البلد b. al-balad a man held in high esteem in his community; فى بيضة النهار (b. in-nahār) in broad daylight; بيضة الصيف b. aṣ-ṣaif the hottest part of the summer; بيضة الاسلام the territory or pale of Islam; الدفاع عن بيضة الدين, عن بيضة الوطن (b. id-dīn, b. il-waṯan) defense of the faith, of the country; بيضة الخدر b. al-ḳidr a woman seluded from the outside world, a chaste, respectable woman

بيضى baiḍī, بيضوى baiḍawī and بيضاوى baiḍāwī egg-shaped, oviform, oval, ovate

بييضة buyaiḍa and بويضة buwaiḍa pl. -āt small egg, ovule; ovum

بياض bayāḍ white, whiteness: whitewash; -- (pl. -āt) barren, desolate, uncultivated land, wasteland: gap, blank space (in a manuscript); blank; leucoma (med.); linen, pl. بياضات linen goods, linens; (syr.) milk, butter, and eggs| بياض البيت b. al-bait white of egg, albumen: بياض العين b. al-‘ain the white of the eye: بياض النهار b. an-nahār daylight, (acc.) by day, during the daytime; بياض يومه وسواد ليله bayāḍa yaumihi wa-sawāda lailihi by day and by night: بياض الوجه b. al-wajh tine character, good reputation; سمك بياض samak b. a Nile fish (eg.); على بياض blank, free from writing, printing or marks, uninscribed; (ارتدى or) لبس البياض (labisa, irtada) to dress in white

بيوض bayūḍ pl. بيض buyūḍ, bīḍ (egg-) laying

ابيض abyaḍ2, f. بيضاء baiḍā’2, pl. بيض bīḍ white; bright; clean, shiny, polished; blameless, noble, sincere (character); empty, blank (sheet of paper); pl. البيضان al-bīḍān the white race; الابيض white of egg, albumen| ارض بيضاء (arḍ) barren, uncultivated land, wasteland; ثورة بيضاء (ṯaura) peaceful, bloodless revolution; الخيط الابيض (ḳaiṯ) first light of dawn; الذهب الابيض (dahab) platinum; بالسلاح الابيض with cold steel; صحيفته بيضاء (ṣaḥīfatuhū) his reputation is good: he has noble de.ds to his credit, he has a noble character; صحف بيضاء (ṣuḥuf) noble, glorious deeds: اكذوبة بيضاء (ukdūba) white lie, fih: ليلة بيضاء (laila) a sleepless night, a night spent awake: الموت الابيض (maut) natural death; يد بيضاء (yad) beneficent hand, benefaction

مبيض mabīḍ, mibyaḍ ovary (anat.)

تبييضة tabyīḍa fair copy

O ابيضاض ibyiḍāḍ leukemia (med.)

بائض bā’iḍ pl. بوائض bawā’iḍ2 (egg-) laying

مبيض mubayyiḍ pl. -ūn whitewasher; bleacher; tinner; copyist, transcriber (of fair copy)

مبيضة mubayyaḍa fair copy

بيطر baiṯara to practice veterinary science; to shoe (هـ a horse)

بيطار baiṯar pl. بياطرة bayātira veterinarian; farrier

بيطرى baiṯarī veterinary|الطب البيطرى (ṯibb) veterinary medicine; طبيب بيطرى veterinarian

بيطرة baiṯara veterinary science; farriery

1(بيع) باع bā‘a i (bai‘,مبيع mabī‘) to sell (هـ s.th., ه or ل to s.o., ب for a price) III to make a contract (ه with s.o.); to pay homage (ه to s.o.); to acknowledge as sovereign or leader (ه s.o.), pledge allegiance (ه to) IV to offer for sale (هـ s.th.) VI to agree on the terms of a sale, conclude a bargain VII to be sold, be for sale VIII to buy, purchase (من هـ s.th. from s.o. and هـ ه from s.o. s.th.)| لا ابتاع منه ولا ابيعه (abtā‘u, abī‘uhū) I don't trust him

بيع bai‘ pl. بيوع buyū‘,بيوعات buyū‘āt sale|للبيع for sale; جبرية (بيوعات or) بيوع (jabrīya) forced sales, compulsory sale by auction: بيع بالجملة (jumla) wholesale sale; بيع بالخيار (ḳiyār) optional sale (Isl. Law); بيع لآخر راغب (li-āḳir rāgibīn) sale to the highest bidder; بيع العينة b. al-‘īna credit operation (Isl. Law)

بيعة bai‘a agreement, arrangement; business deal, commercial transaction, bargain; sale; purchase; homage|على البيعة into the bargain

بياع bayyā‘ salesman, merchant, dealer, commission agent, middleman

مبيع mabī‘ sale, pl. -āt sales (esp. on the stock market)

مبايعة mubāya‘a pl. -āt conclusion of contract; homage; pledge of allegiance; transaction

ابتياع ibtiyā‘ purchase

بائع bā’i‘2 pl. باعة bā‘a seller, vendor; dealer, merchant; salesman

بائعة bā’i‘a saleswoman

مبيع mabī‘ and مباع mubā‘ sold

مبتاع mubtā‘ buyer, purchaser

2 بيعة bai‘a pl. -āt, بيع biya‘ (Chr.) church; synagogue

بيك bē (eg.), bēg, bēk pl. بيكوات bēgawāt (syr.) bey (title of courtesy); cf. بك

بيكوية bīkawīya rank of bey

بيكار bīkār compass, (pair of) dividers

بيكباشى see بكباشى

بيكه (Fr.) bīkeh plqué (fabric)

1 بيل (Fr. bille) bīl ball|كرسى بيل kursī b. ball bearing

2 بيلة bīla see بول

بيلسان bailasān black elder (bot.)

بيلهارسيا bilharsiyā bilharziasis, schistosomiasis (med.)

بيليه (Fr. bille) bīlya pl. -āt little ball, marble

بيمارستان bīmāristān hospltal; lunatic asylum

1(بين) بان bāna i (بيان bayān) to be or become plain, evident, come out, come to light; to be clear (ل to s.o.); (بين bain, بينونة bainūna) to part, be separated (من from) II to make clear, plain, visible, evident (هـ s.th.); to announce (هـ s.th.); to state (هـ s.th.); to show, demonstrate (هـ s.th.); to explain, expound, elucidate (هـ s.th.), throw light (هـ on) III to part, go away (ه from), leave (ه s.o.); to differ, be different (هـ, ه from), be unlike s.th. (هـ ); to contradict (هـ s.th.), be contrary (هـ to); to conflict, be at variance, be inconsistent (هـ with s.th.) IV to explain, expound, elucidate (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.); to separate, sift, distinguish (من هـ s.th. from); to be clear, plain, evident V to be or become clear, intelligible (ل to s.o.); to turn out, prove in the end, appear, become evident; to follow (من from), be explained (من by); to be clearly distinguished (من from); to seek to ascertain (هـ s.th.), try to get at the mct8 (هـ of); to eye or examine critically, scrutinize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to look, peer (هـ at); to see through s.th. (هـ ), see clearly, perceive, notice, discover, find out (هـ s.th.); to distinguish (من هـ s.th. from) VI to differ, be different, be opposed, be contrary; to vary greatly, differ widely; to vary, differ, fluctuate (بين between two amounts or limits) X to be or become clear, plain, evident; to Bee, know, perceive, notice (هـ s.th.); pass. ustubīna to follow clearly, be clearly seen (من from)

بين bain separation, division; interval; difference|ذات البين enmity, disunion, discord; فى البين meantime, meanwhile

بين baina (prep.) or فيما بين fī-ma b. between; among, amidst|بين – و – either -- or, partly -- partly, e.g., كان القوم بين صامت ومتكلم (ṣāmitin wa-mutakallimin) the crowd was divided among those who were silent and those who talked; بين يديه (yadaihi) in front of him, before him, in his presence; with him. on him, in his possession, e.g., لا سلاح بين يديه (silāḥa) he hasn’t got a weapon on him, he is unarmed; فيما بين ذلك meanwhile, in the meantime; فيما بينى وبين نفسى in my heart, at heart, inwardly; بين ذراعيه in his arms; من بينهم min bainihim from among them, from their midst; بين بين something between, a cross, a mixture, a combination; neither good nor bad, medium, tolerable; شيء بين بين something between, a cross, a mixture, a combination; بين وقت وآخر (waqt, āḳar), بين فترة وأخرى (fatra, uḳrā) at times, from time to time

ما بين mā-baina look up alphabetically

بينا bainā, بينما bainamā (conj.) while; whereas

بين bayyin clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent; (pl. ابنياء abyinā’2) eloquent

بيان bayān pl. -āt clearness, plainness, patency, obviousness; statement, declaration, announcement; manifestation; explanation, elucidation, illustration; information, news; (official) report. (official) statement; enumeration, index, list; eloquence; البيان the Koran; see also alphabetically|بيان الحقيقة correction (journ.); غني عن البيان (ganīy) self-explanatory, self-evident; علم البيان ‘ilm al-b. rhetoric; عطف البيان ‘aṯf al-b. explicative apposition (gram.)

بيانى bayānī explanatory, illustrative; rhetorical

بينة bayyina pl. -āt clear proof, indisputable evidence; evidence (Isl. Law); a document serving &8 evidence|بينة ظرفية (ẓarfīya) circumstantial evidence; على بينة as has been proved; كان على بينة من to be fully aware of; to he well-informed, well-posted, up-to-date about

ابين abyan2 clearer, more distinct, more obvious

تبيان tibyān exposition, demonstration, explanation, illustration

تبيين tabyīn and ابانة ibāna exposition, demonstration, explanation, illustration

تباين tabayun difference, unlikeness, dissimilarity, disparity

تباينى tabāyunī different, differing, conflicting

بائن bā’in clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent; final, irrevocable (divorce; Isl. Law); of great length|بائن الطول b. aṯ-ṯūl towering, of unusual height (person)

بائنة bā’ina bride’s dowry

مبيونة mabyūna distance

مبين mubīn clear, plain, evident, obvious, patent|الكتاب المبين the Koran

متباين mutabāyin dissimilar, unlike, differential, differing, varying

2 بيان , بيانة look up alphabetically

بينباشى see بكباشى

بينتو see بنتو

بيه bēh = بك

1 بيوريه (Engl.) biyūrē purée

2 بيوريه (Fr. pyorrhée) biyōrēh pyorrhea (med.)

ت

1ت abbreviation of تلفون telephone

2ت ta (particle introducing oaths) by, تالله ta-llāhi by God!

تاء tā’ name of the letterت

تابوت tābūt pl. توابيت tawābīt2 box, case, chest, coffer; casket, coffin, sarcophagus|تابوت العهد t. al-‘ahd ark of the covenant; تابوت رفع المياه t. raf‘ al-miyāh Archimedean screw; تابوت الساقية t. as-āqiya scoop wheel, Persian wheel

تابيوكا tābiyōkā tapioca

تأتأ ta’ta’a to stammer (with fright)

تاج see توج

تؤدة see وأد

1 تأر IV اتأر البصر (baṣara) to stare (ه or الى at s.o.)

2 تارة see تور

تازة tāza (= طازة ) fresh, tender, new

تاك taka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ذاك dāka (dual nom. تانك tānika, genit., acc. تينك tainika)

توأم , توءم tau’am, f. ة , pl. توائم tawā’im2 twin

التاميز at-tāmīz the Thames

تاى tay (tun., alg.) tea|تاى احمر black tea

تايور tāyōr and تايير tāyēr (Fr. tailleur) pl. -āt ladies’ tailored suit, tailleur

تب tabba i (tabb, تبب tabab, تباب tabāb) to perish, be destroyed X to stabilize, be stabilized, be or become stable; to be settled, established, well-ordered, regular, normal; to progress well|استتب له الامر everything went well with him

تبا له tabban lahū may evil befall him! may he perish!

استتباب istitbāb normalcy, regularity, orderliness, order; stability; favorable course or development

التبت at-tibt Tibet

تبر tabara i (tabr) to destroy, annihilate (هـ s.th.)

تبر tibr raw metal; gold dust, gold nuggets; ore

تبار tabār ruin, destruction

تبرية tibrīya dandruff

تبريز tabrīz2 Tabriz (city in NW Iran, capital of Azerbaijan province)

تبع tabi‘a a (taba‘,تباعة tabā‘a) to follow, succeed (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), come after s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to trail, track (هـ, ه s.o., s.th) go after s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to walk behind s.o. (ه ); to pursue (هـ s.th.); to keep, adhere, stick (هـ to s.th.), observe (هـ s.th; to follow, take (هـ a road), enter upon (هـ a road or course); to comply (هـ with s.th.); to belong, pertain (هـ to); to be subordinate, be attached (ه to s.o.), be under s.o.’s (ه ) authority or command, be under s.o. (ه)|تبع الدروس (durūsa) to attend classes regularly III to follow (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.; also = to keep one's mind or eyes on, e.g., on a development); to agree, concur (ه with s.o., على in s.th.), be in agreement or conformity (هـ, على with); to pursue, chase, follow up (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to continue (هـ s.th.; سيره sairahū on one’s way), go on (هـ with or in) IV to cause to succeed or follow (in time, rank, etc.); to place (ه s.o.) under s.o.’s (ه ) authority or command, subordinate (ه ه to s.o. s.o., هـ هـ to s.th. s.th.) V to follow (هـ s.th., esp. fig.: a topic, a development, the news, etc., = to watch, study); to pursue, trail, track (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to trace (هـ s.th.); to be subordinate (هـ, ه to), be attached (ه to s.o.) VI to follow in succession, be successive or consecutive, come or happen successively; to form an uninterrupted sequence VIII to follow, succeed (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), come after (هـ, ه ); to make (هـ s.th.) be succeeded or followed (ب by s.th. else); to prosecute (ه s.o.), take legal action (ه against); to follow, obey, heed, observe, bear in mind (هـ s.th.); to pursue (هـ s.th.); to examine, investigate, study (هـ s.th.); pass. uttubi‘a to have or find followers, adherents (على for s.th., e.g., for an idea)|اتبع سياسة (siyāsatan) to pursue a policy; اتبع يمينه (yamīnahū) to keep (to the) right X to make (ه s.o.) follow, ask (ه s.o.) to follow; to seduce (ه s.o.); to have as its consequence, engender, entail (هـ s.th.); to subordinate to o.s., make subservient to o.s. (هـ s.th.)

تبع taba‘ succession; subordinateness, dependency: following. Followers; subordinate, subservient (ل to s.th.): بالتبع successively, consecutively; تبعا ل taba‘an li according to, in accordance with, pursuant to, in observance of; due to, in consequence of, as the result of; (pl. اتباع atbā‘) follower, companion, adherent, partisan; subject, national, citizen; appertaining, appurtenant, pertinent, incident

تبعى taba‘ī: عقوبة تبعية (‘uqūba) incidental punishment (jur.)

تبعة tabi‘a pl. -āt consequence; responsibility, irresponsibleness|القى التبعة على (alqā) to make s.o. or s.th. responsible

تبيع tabī‘ pl. تباع tibā‘ following attached, attending, adjunct; -- (pl. تبائع tabā’i‘2) follower, adherent, partisan; aide, help, assistant, attendant, servant

تبعية taba‘īya pl. -āt subordination, subjection; subordinateness, dependency; citizenship, nationality; بالتبعية subsequently, afterwards; consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly

تباعا tibā‘an in succession, successively, consecutively, one after the other, one by one

متابعة mutāba‘a following, pursuing, pursuit, prosecution; continuation

اتباع itbā‘ (gram.) intensification by repeating a word with its initial consonant changed, such as katīr batīr

تتبع tatabu‘ following (esp. fig., of an argument, of a development, see V above); pursuit; prosecution; succession, course|التتبع التاريخى the course of history; تتبعات عدلية (‘adlīya) legal action, prosecution

تتابع tatābu‘ sucession; relay (athlet.); بالتتابع consecutively, successively, in succession; serially, in serialized form

اتباع ittibā‘ following; pursuit (e.g., of a policy); adherence (to), compliance (with), observance (of); اتباعا ل ittibā‘an li according to, in accordance or conformity with, pursuant to, in observance of

O اتباعى ittibā‘ī classical

O اتباعية ittibā‘īya classicism

تابع tābi‘ pl. تبعة taba‘a, تباع tubbā‘ following, succeeding, subsequent; subsidiary, dependent; minor, secondary; subordinate (ل to s.o.), under s.o. (ل ); belonging (ل to); subject to s.o.’s (ل ) authority or competence; adherent (ل to) following (ل s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl. اتباع atbā‘) adherent, follower, partisan; subject, citizen, national; subordinate, servant; factotum; (pl. توابع ) appositive (gram.); appendix, addendum, supplement; O function (math.)| الدول التابعة (duwal) the satellite countries

تابعة tābi‘a pl. توابع tawābi‘2 female attendant, woman servant; a female demon who accompanies women; appurtenance, dependency; consequence, effect, result; responsibility; pl. توابع dependencies, dependent territories; O satellites (pol.), = الدول التوابع (duwal) the satellite countries

تابعية tābi‘īya nationality, citizenship

متبوع matbū‘ followed, succeeded (ب by); one to whom service or obedience is rendered, a leader, a principal (as distinguished from تابع subordinate)

متتابع mutatābi‘ successive, consecutive

متبع muttaba‘ observed, adhered to, complied with (e.g. regulation, custom); followed, traveled (road, course)

تبغ tibg pl. تبوغ tubūg tobaooo

تبل tabala i to consume, waste, make sick (ه s.o.; said of love) II, III and توبل taubala to spice, season (هـ s.th)

تابل tābal, tābil pl. توابل tawābil2 coriander (bot.); spice, condiment, seasoning

تبولة tabbūla (syr., leb.) a kind of salad made of bulgur, parsley, mint, onion, lemon juice, spices, and oil

متبول matbūl (Iove-)sick, weak, ravaged, consumed

متبل mutabbal spiced, seasoned, flavored; (syr., leb.) stuffed with a mixture of rice, chopped meat and various spices, e.g., بذنجان متبل stuffed eggplant

تبلوه (Fr. tableau) tablōh pl. -āt a painting

تبن tibn straw

تبنى tibnī straw-colored, flaxen

تبان tabbān straw vendor

درب التابنة darb at-tabbāna the Milky Way

متبن matban pl. متابن matābin2 straw-stack

تبيوكا tabiyōkā tapioca

1 التتر at-tatar and التتار at-tatar the Tatars

تترى tatarī Tatarian; Tatar

تترى tatra (from وتر ) one after the other, successively, in succession

تتك titik trigger

تتن tutun tobacco

تتنوس tetanūs tetanus (med.)

تجر tajara u and VIII to trade, do business; to deal (فى or ب in s.th.) III do. (ه with s.o.)

تجارة tijāra commerce; traffic, trade; merchandise

تجارى tijārī commercial, mercantile, trade, trading, business, (used attributively); commercialized|بيت تجارى (bait) commercial house, business house; الحركة التجارية (ḥaraka) trade, traffic; شركة تجارية (širka) trading company; اتفاق تجارى (ittifāq) trade agreement

متجر matjar pl. متاجر matājir2 bussiness, transaction, dealing; merchandise; store, shop

متجرى matjar commercial, trade, trading, business (used attributively)

اتجار ittijār trade, business (ب in s.th)

تاجر tājir pl. تجار tujjār, tijār merchant, trader, businessman, dealer, tradesman| تاجر الجملة t. al-jumla wholesale dealer; تاجر التجزئة t. at-tajzi’a and تاجر القطاعى t. al-qiṯā‘ī retailer

بضاعة تاجرة biḍā‘a tājira salable, marketable merchandise

تجاه tujāha (prep.) in front of, opposite, face to face with, facing

تحت taḥta (prep.) under; below, beneath, underneath| تحت (tajriba) on probation; in an experimental state; تحت التحضير in preparation; تحت الحفظ (ḥifẓ) in custody, under guard; تحت السداد (sadād), تحت التسديد due, outstanding, unsettled, unpaid (com.); تحت السلاح under arms; تحت سمعهم (sam‘ihim) in their hearing, for them to hear; تحت التسوية (taswiya) outstanding, unpaid, unsettled (com.); تحت اشراف (išrāfi) under the patronage or superintendence of; تحت الشعور subconscious; تحت تصرفه (taṣarrufihī) at his disposal; تحت الطبع (ṯab‘) in press; تحت عنوان (‘unwāni) under the title of; تحت اعيننا (a‘yuninā) before our eyes; تحت التمرين in training; تحت اليد (yad) in hand, at hand, available, handy; تحت يده in his power; من تحت min taḥt from under, from beneath; under

تحت taḥtu (adv.) below, beneath, underneath

تحتانى taḥtānī lower, under- (in compounds)| ملابس تحتانية underwear

تحف IV to present (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. with s.th)

تحفة tuḥfa pl. تحف tuḥaf gift, present; gem (fig.), curiosity, rarity, article of virtu, objet d'art; work of art|تحفة فنية (fannīya) unique work of art

متحف matḥaf pl. متاحف matāḥif2 museum| متحف الشمع m. aš-šam‘ waxworks

تخ taḳḳa u to become sour, ferment (dough)

1 تخت pl. tuḳūt bed, couch; bench; seat; sofa; chest, case, box, coffer, cabinet; wardrobe; platform, dais; band, orchestra| تخت الملك t. al-mulk throne; royal residence, capital; تخت المملكة t. al-mamlaka capital (of a country)

تخت روان, تختروان taḳtaruwān, taḳtarawān mule-borne litter

2 تختة taḳta board; desk; blackboard

تختخ taḳtaḳa to rot, decay

1 تخم taḳima a to suffer from indigestion, feel sick from overeating IV to surfeit, satiate (ه s.o.) to give (ه s.o.) indigestion, make sick (ه s.o.); to overstuff, cloy (ه the stomach) VIII = I

تخمة tuḳama, tuḳma pl. تخم , -āt indigestion, dyspeptic

متخوم matḳūm suffering from indigestion, dyspeptic

2 تخم taḳama i to fix the limits of (هـ ), delimit, limit, confine, bound (هـ s.th.) III to border (هـ on), be adjacent (هـ to s.th.)

تخم taḳm pl. تخوم tuḳūm boundary, border, borderline, limit

متاخم mutāḳm neighboring, adjacent

تدمر tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur2 Palmyra (ancient city of Syria, now a small village)

تدمرى tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī anyone| لا تدمرى nobody, not a living soul

ترابيزة (eg.; tarābēza) pl. -āt table

تراخوما trāḳōmā trachoma (med.)

تراس (Fr. terrasse) terās terrace

ترام , ترامواى trām, tramwāy tramway

ترب tariba a to be or become dusty, covered with dust II and IV to cover with dust or earth (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) III to be s.o.’s (ه ) mate or comrade, be of the same age (ه as s.o.) V to be dusty, be covered with dust

ترب tirb pl. اتراب atrāb person of the same age, contemporary, mate, companion, comrade

ترب tarib dusty, dust-covered

تربة turba pl. ترب turab dust; earth, dirt; ground (also fig.); soil; grave, tomb; graveyard, cemetery, burial ground

تربى turabī pl. -īya (eg.) gravedigger

تراب turāb pl. اتربة atriba, تربان tirbān dust, earth, dirt; ground, soil

ترابى turābī dusty; dustlike, powdery; earthlike, earthy; dust-colored, gray

O ترابة turāba cement

تريبة tarība pl. ترائب tarā’ib2 chest, thorax

متربة matraba poverty, misery, destitution; (pl. متارب matārib2) dirt quarry

مترب mutrib dusty, dust-covered

تربس tarbasa (= دربس ) to bolt (هـ a door)

ترباس tirbās pl. ترابيس tarābis2, ترابس tarābis2 bolt, l&tch (of a door or window)

تربنتين tarbantīn turpentine

تربيزة (eg.) tarabēza table

تربين trbīn pl. -āt turbine

تراث see وترث

ترتر tirtir gold and silver spangles (eg.)

ترجم tarjama to translate (هـ s.th. عن from one language الى to another); to interpret (هـ s.th.); to treat (هـ of s.th.) by way of explanation, expound (هـ s.th.); to write a biography (ل of s.o., also ه )

ترجم tarjama pl. تراجم tarājim2 translation; interpretation; biography (also ترجمة الحياة ); introduction, preface, foreword (of a book)| الترجمة السبعينية (sab‘īnīya) the Septuagint

ترجمان turjumān pl. تراجمة tarājima, تراجيم tarājim2 transla.tor, interpreter

,-:;" mutarjim translator, interpreter; biographer

مترجم mutarjam translated|مترجم على الفلم (film) synchronized (film)

ترح tariḥa a (taraḥ) and V to grieve, be sad II and IV to grieve, distress (ه s.o.)

ترح taraḥ pl. اتراح atrāḥ grief, distress, sadness

ترزى tarzī pl. ترزية tarzīya (eg.) tailor

ترزية tarziya tailoring

1 تراس look up alphabetically

2 ترس II to provide with a shield or armor

ترس turs pl. اترس atrās, تروس turūs shield; disk of the sun; -- tirs pl. turūs cogwheel, gear| صندوق التروس ṣundūq al-t. gearbox, transmission; سمك الترس samak at-turs turbot (zool.)

مترس matras, mitras pl. متارس matāris2 and متراس mitrās, pl. متاريس matārīs2 bolt, door latch; rampart, bulwark, barricade; esp. pl. متاريس barricades

ترسانة tarsāna, ترسحانة tarsḳāna arsenal; shipyard, dockyard

ترسكل (Fr. tricycle) tricycle

ترسينة (It. terrazzino) tarasīna balcony

ترع tari‘a a to be or become full (vessel) IV to fill (هـ s.th., esp. a vessel)

ترعة tur‘a pl. ترع tura‘, -āt canal; artificial waterway| ترعة الايراد t. al-īrād feeder, irrigation canal; ترعة التصريف drainage canal (Eg.); الترعة الشريفة the Residence of the Sultan of Morocco

ترغل , ترغلة turgul, turgulla turtledove

ترف tarija a to live in opulence, in luxury IV to effeminate (ه s.o.); to provide with opulent means, surround with luxury (ه s.o.) V = I

ترف taraf and ترفة turfa luxury, opulence, affluence; effemination

ترف tarif opulent, sumptuous, luxurious

مترف mutraf living in ease and luxury; sumptuous, luxurious; luxuriously adorned, ornate, overdecorated (ب with)

ترفاس tirfās (magr.) truffle (bot.)

ترفل tarfala to strut

ترقوة tarquwa pl. تراق tarāqin collarbone, clavicle (anat.)

1 ترك taraka u (tark) to let be, leave, relinquish, renounce, give up, forswear (هـ s.th.); to desist, refrain, abstain (هـ from s.th.); to leave, quit (ه s.o., هـ a place); to leave out, omit, drop, neglect, pass over, skip (هـ s.th.); to leave (ل or الى هـ s.th. to); to leave behind, leave, bequeath, make over (هـ s.th., ل to s.o.; as a legacy)| تركه يفعل to let s.o. do s.th.; ترك مكانا الى to leave one place for (another); تركه في ذمته (fī dimmatihī) to leave s.th. in s.o.’s care, leave s.th. to s.o.; تركه على حاله to leave s.th. or s.o. unchanged, leave s.th. or s.o. alone; تركه وشأنه (wa-ša’nahū) to leave s.o. alone, leave s.o. to his own devices III to leave (ه s.o.); to leave alone (ه s.o.); to leave off hostilities (ه against s.o.)

ترك tark omission, neglect; relinquishment, abandonment; leaving, leaving behind

تركة tarika pl. -āt (also tirka) heritage, legacy, bequest

تريكة tarīka pl. ترائك tarā’ik2 old maid, spinster

متارك mutāraka truce

متروك matrūk pl. -āt heritage, legacy

2 ترك II to Turkify, Turkicize (ه s.o.) X to become a Turk, become Turkified, adopt Turkish manners and customs

الترك at-turk and الاتراك al-atrāk the Turks

تركى turkī Turkish; Turk; التركية at-turkīya theTurkish language

تركيا turkiya Turkey

تتريك tatrīk Turkification

تركستان turkistān2 Turkstan

التركمان at-turkumān the Turkmen

ترمبيط turumbēt (syr.) pl. -āt (Western) drum; ترمبيطة turumbīṯa (eg.) pl. -āt do.; specif., bass drum

ترمبطجى turumbaṯgi (eg.) drummer; bandsman (mil.)

ترمس turmus, ترموس turmūs lupine (bot.)

ترمومتر termūmitr thermometer

ترنج turunj see اترج, اترنج

تره tariha a to concern o.s. with trifles

ترهة turraha pl. -āt sham, mockery, farce; lie, humbug, hoax

ترواده (Fr. Troade) tirwāda Troy

تروب (Engl. troop) squad, platoon; squadron|تروب سوارى (sawārī) cavalry squadron (Eg.)

ترمبيتجى = ترمبطجى see under ترمبيط above

ترياق tiryāq theriaca; antidote

تريكو (Fr.) tricot

تسعة tis‘a (f. تسع tis‘) nine

تسعة عشر tis‘ata ‘ašara, f. تسع عشرة tis‘a ‘ašrata nineteen

تسع tus‘ pl. اتساع atsā‘ one ninth, the ninth part

تسعون tis‘ūn ninety

التاسع at-tāsi‘ the ninth

تشرين الاول tišrīn2 al-wwal October, تشرين الثانى t. at-tānī November (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)

تشيكوسلوفاكيا tšekoslovākiyā Czechoslovakia

تشيلى tšīlī Chile

تطوان tiṯwān 2 Tetuēn (city in N Morocco)

تع abbreviation of تعالى , see علو

تعب ta‘iba a (ta‘ab) to work hard, toil, slave, drudge, wear o.s. out; to be or become tired, weary (من of s.th.) IV to trouble, inconvenience (ه s.o.); to irk, bother, weary, tire, fatigue (ه s.o.)

تعب ta‘ab pl. اتعاب at‘āb trouble, exertion, labor, toil, drudgery; burden, nuisance, inconvenience, discomfort, difficulty, hardship; tiredness, weariness, fatigue; pl. اتعاب fees, honorarium

تعب ta‘ib and تعبان ta‘bān tired, weary, exhausted

متاعب matā‘ib2 troubles, pains, efforts; discomforts, inconveniences, difficulties, troubles; complaints, ailments, ills (attending disease); hardships, strains

متعب mut‘ib troublesome, inconvenient, toilsome, laborious; burdensome, irksome, annoying; wearisome, tiresome, tiring; tedious, dull, boring

متعب mut‘ab tired, weary

تعتع ta‘ta‘a to stammer; to shake (ه s.o.); اتعتع itta‘ta‘a to move, stir

تعز ta‘izz2 Taizz (city in S Yemen, seat of government)

تعس ta‘asa a, ta‘isa a to fall, perish; to become wretched, miserable; ta‘asa and IV to make unhappy or miserable, ruin (s.o.)

تعس ta‘s and تعاسة ta‘āsa wretchedness, misery

تعس ta‘is and تعيس ta‘īs pl. تعساء tu‘asā’ wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy

متعوس mat‘ūs pl. متاعيس matā‘is wretched, miserable, unfortunate, unhappy

تف taffa to spit II to say "phew"

تف tuff dirt under the fingernails; تفا لك tuffan laka phew! fie on you!

O تفافة taffāfa spittoon, cuspidor

تفتا tafettā, تفتاه taffeta

تفاح tuffaḥ (call.; n. un. ة ) apple(s)

تفكة tufka pl. تفك tufak (ir.) gun, rifle

تفل tafala u i (tafl) to spit

تفل tufl and تفال tufāl spit, spittle, saliva

تافل tāfil ill-smelling, malodorous

متفلة mitfala spittoon, cuspidor

تفه tafiha a (tafah, تفاهة tafāha, تفوه tufūh) to be little, paltry, insignificant; to be flat, tasteless, vapid, insipid

تفه tafah and تفه tufūh paltriness, triviality, insignificance

تفاهة tafāha paltrineBB, triviality, insignificance flatness, vapidity, insipidity, tastelessness; inanity, stupidity, silliness

تفه tafih and تافه tāfih little, paltry, trivial, trifling, insignificant; worthless; commonplace, common, mediocre; flat, tasteless, vapid, insipid; trite, banal

تافهة tāfiha pl. توافه tawāfih2 worthless thing; triviality, trifle

تقاوى see قوى

تقلية see قلى

تقن IV to perfect, bring to perfection (هـ s.th; to master, know well (هـ s.th., e.g., a language), be proficient, skillful, well-versed (هـ in s.th.)

تقن tiqn skillful, adroit

تقانة taqāna firmness, solidity; perfection

اتقن atqan2 more perfect, more thorough

اتقان itqān perfection; thoroughness, exactitude, precision; thorough skill, proficiency; mastery, command (e.g., of a special field, of a language)| فى غاية الاتقان to greatest perfection; of excellent workmanship

متقن mutqan perfect; exact, precise

تقى taqā i to fear (esp. God) VIII see وقى

تقى taqīy pl. اتقياء atqiyā’2 God-fearing, godly, devout, pious

اتقى atqā more pious

تقى tuqan and تقوى taqwā godliness, devoutness, piety

1 تك takka u to trample down, trample underfoot, crush (هـ s.th.); to intoxicate (ه s.o.; wine)

2 تك tikka pl. تكك tikak waistband (in the upper seam of the trousers)

3 تك takka to tick (clock)

تكة tikka pl. -āt ticking, ticktock (of a clock), ticking noise

3 تكية look up alphabetically

تكوت tukūt pl. of Engl. ticket

1 تكتك taktaka to trample down, trample underfoot (هـ s.th)

2 تكتك taktaka to bubble, simmer (boiling mass)

3 تكتك taktaka to tick (clock)

تكتكة taktaka ticking, ticktock (of a clock), ticking noise

4 تكتيك taktīk tactics

تكية takīya pl. تكايا takāyā monastery (of a Muslim order); hospice; home, asylum (for the invalided or needy)

1 تل tall pl. تلال tilāl, اتلال atlāl, تلول tulūl hill, elevation| تل ابيب t. abīb Tel Aviv (city in W Israel)

2 تل tull tulle

تلاتل talātil2 hardships, troubles, adversities

تليد talīd, تالد tālid, تلاد tilād inherited, time-honored, old (possession, property)

تلسكوب tiliskūb telescope

تلع IV to stretch one's neck; to crane (هـ the neck)

تلعة tal‘a pl. تلاع tilā‘ hill, hillside, mountainside; (torrential) stream

تليع talī‘ long, outstretched, extended; high, tall

تلغراف tiligrāf, taligrāf pl. -āt telegraph; telegram, wire, cable|ارسل تلغرافا الى to send a wire to

تلغرافى tiligrāfī, taligrāfī telegraphic

تلف talafa a (talaf) to be annihilated, be destroyed; to be or become damaged or spoiled, be ruined, break, get broken, go to pieces II to ruin (هـ s.th.); to wear out, “finish” (ه s.o.) IV to destroy, annihilate (هـ s.th.); to ruin, damage, spoil, break (هـ s.th.); to waste (هـ s.th.)

تلف talaf ruin, destruction; ruination, damage, injury, harm.; loss; waste

تلفان talfān spoiled; useless, worthless, good-for-nothing

متلف matlaf, متلفة matlafa pl. متالف matālif2 desert

متلاف mitlāl wastrel; ruinous, harmful, injurious

اتلاف itlāf pl. -āt annihilation, destruction; damage, injury, harm

تالف tālif ruined, damaged, broken; spoiled, bad

متلوف matlūf and متلف mutlaf ruined, damaged, broken; spoiled, bad

متلف mutlif annihilator, destroyer; injurer; damaging, ruinous, harmful, injurious, noxious

تلفز talfaza to televise, transmit by television

تلفزة talfaza television

اذاعة تلفازية iḍāfa talfāẓīya television broadcast, telecast

O تلفاز tilfāz television set

تلفزيون (Fr. télévision) tilivisyōn television

تلفن talfana to telephone

تلفون tilifūn and تليفون talīfūn pl. –āt telephone

تلقاء see لقى

تلك tilka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ذلك

تلم talam pl. اتلام atlām (plow) furrow

تلمذ talmada to take on as, or have for, a pupil or apprentice (ه s.o.); to be or become a pupil or apprentice (ل of s.o., also على ), receive one’s schooling or training (على from) II tatalmada to be or become a pupil or apprentice (ل or على يده of s.o.), work as an apprentice (ل or على يده under s.o.)

تلمذة talmada school days, college years; apprenticeship; (time of) probation

تلماذ tilmād learning, erudition

تلميذ tilmīd pl. تلاميذ talāmīd2, تلامذة talamida pupil, student, apprentice; probationer; trainee; disciple| تلميذ بحرى (baḥrī) approx.: chief warrant W-3 (naval rank; Eg.); تلميذ سفرى (safarī) approx.: chief warrant W-4 (naval rank; Eg.)

تلميذة tilmīda pl. –āt girl student

تلمسان tilimsān2 Tlemcen (city in NW Algeria)

تلمود talmūd Talmud

تله taliha a (talah) to be astonished, amazed, perplexed, at a loss

تاله tālih and متله mutallah at a loss, bewildered, perplexed|تاله العقل t. al-‘aql absent-minded, distracted

(تلا (تلو ) talā u (تلو tulūw) to follow, succeed; to ensue; -- (تلاوة tilāwa) to read, read out loud (هـ s.th., على to s.o..); to recite (هـ s.th.) VI to follow one another, be successive

تلو tilwa (prep.) after, upon|ارسل كتابا تلو كتاب to send letter after letter

تلاوة tilāwa reading; public reading; recital, recitation

تال tālin following, succeeding, subsequent, next; بالتالى bi-t-tālī then, later, subsequently; consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly

متتال mutatālin successive, consecutive

تلى tallī (tun.) tulle

تليباثى tilībātī telepathy; telepathic

تليس tallīs, tillis pl. تلاليس talālīs2 sack

تليفزيون (Fr. télévision) tilīvisyōn television

تليفون pl. –āt talīfūn telephone

تليفونى talifūnī telephonic, telephone- in compounds)

تم tamma i to be or beoome complete, completed, finished, done; to be performed, be accomplished (ل by s.o..); to come to an end, be or become terminated; to come about, be brought about, be effected, be achieved, come to pass, come off, happen, take place, be or become a fact; to be on hand, be there, present itself; to persist (على in); to continue (على s.th. or to do s.th.) II and IV to complete, finish, wind up, conclude, terminate (هـ s.th.); to make complete, supplement, round out, fill up (هـ s.th.); to carry out, execute, perform, accomplish, achieve (هـ s.th.) X to be complete, completed, finished

تمام tamām completeness, wholeness, entirety, perfection; full, whole, entire, complete, perfect; separate, independent; تماما tamāman completely, entirely, wholly, perfectly, fully, quite; precisely, exactly| بدر تمام (badr) and قمر تمام (qamar) full moon; فى تمام الساعة السادسة at 6 o'clock sharp; بتمام معنى الكلمة (ma‘nā l-kalima) in the full sense of the word; بالتمام entirely, completely

تميمة tamīma pl. تمائم tamā’im2 amulet

اتم atamm2 more complete, more perfect

تتمة tatimma completion; supplementation; supplement

تتميم tatmīm completion; perfection; consummation, execution, fulfillment, realization, effectuation, accomplishment

اتمام itmām completion; perfection; termination, conclusion; consummation, execution, fulfillment, realization, effectuation, accomplishment

استتمام istitmām termination, conclusion

تام tāmm complete, perfect, entire, consummate; of full value, sterling, genuine

تمباك tumbāk Persian tobacco (esp. for the narghile)

تمتم tamtama to stammer, mumble, mutter; to recite under one's breath (ب s.th)

تمر tamr (coll.; n. un. ة , pl. tamarat, تمور tumūr) dates, esp. dried ones| تمر هندى (hindī) tamarind (bot.)

تمرجى (eg. tamargī), تمورجى, تومرجى pl. -ya male nurse, hospital attendant; تمرجية pl. -āt female nurse

تموز look up alphabetically

تمساح timsāḥ pl. تماسيح tamāsīḥ2 crocodile

تمغة tamga stamp; stamp mark|ورق تمغة waraq t. stamped paper

تمن tumman rice

تموز tammūz2 July (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)

1 تن tunn tuna (zool.)

2 تينن tinnīn pl. تنانين tanānīn2 sea monster; Draco (astro.); waterspout (meteor.), see also alphabetically

تانئ tāni’ pl. تناء tunnā’ resident

تنباك tunbāk (pronounced tumbāk) and تنبك tumbak Persian tobacco (esp. for the narghile)

تنبال tinbāl pl. تنابيل tanābīl2 short, of small Stature

تنبر (Fr. timbre) tambar pl. تنابر tanābir2 stamp (magr.)

متنبر mutambar stamped (magr.)

تنبل (Turk. tembel) tambal pl. تنابلة tanābila lazy

تنجستين (Fr. tungstène) tongəstēn tungsten

تندة (It. tenda) tanda awning, roofing, sun roof

تنور tannūr pl. تنانير tanānīr2 a kind of baking oven, a pit, usually clay-lined, for baking bread

تنورة tannūra (syr., leb.) (lady's) skirt

تنس tennis

1 تنك tanak tin plate

تنكجى tanakjī tinsmith, whitesmith

تنكة tanaka pl. -āt tin container, can, pot, jerry can

2 تانك tānika see تاك alphabetically

تنيس tennis

تنين tannīn tannin, tannic acid

تهته tahtaha to stammer, stutter

1 تهمة tuhma pl. تهم tuham accusation, charge; suspicion; insinuation

2 تهامة tihāma2 Tihama, coastal plain along the southwestern and southern shores of the Arabian Peninsula

توا tawwan right away, at once, immediately; just (now), this very minute| للتو li-t-tawwi at once, right away, also with pers. suffix.: لتوى li-tawwī, لتوها li-tawwihā (I have, she has) just ; at once, presently, immediately

تواليت (Fr. toilette) tuwālēt toilette

توأم see تأم

(توب) تاب tāba u (توب taub, توبة tauba, متاب matāb) to repent, be penitent, do penance, with عن : to turn from (sin), be converted from, renounce, forswear s.th.; (said of God) to restore to His grace, forgive (على s.o.)|تاب الى الله to turn to God in repentance II to induce to repentance or penitence, make repent (ه s.o.) X to call on s.o. (ه ) to repent

توبة tauba repentance, penitence, contrition; penance

تواب tawwāb doing penance; repentant, penitent, contrite; forgiving, merciful (God)

تائب tā’ib repentant, penitent, contrite

توبل see تبل

توبوغرافيا tobogrāfiyā topography

1 توت tūt mulberry tree; mulberry|توت ارضى (ardī) and توت افرنجى (ifranjī) strawberry; توت شوكى (šaukī) and توت العليق t. al-‘ullaiq raspberry

2 توت tūt the first month of the Coptic calendar

توتيا tūtiyā, توتياء tūtiyā’, توتية zinc

توج II to crown (ه s.o.; also fig. ب هـ s.th. with) V to be crowned

تاج pl. تيجان tījān crown; miter (of a bishop)|تاج العمود t. al-‘amūd capital of a column or pilaster); تاج الكرة t. al-kura calotte

تويج tuwaij little crown, coronet

تتويج tatwīj crowning, coronation

توجو tōgo and توجولند tōgōland (Eg. spelling) Togo (region in W Africa)

(توح) تاح see تيح

تارة tāratan once; sometimes, at times|تارة – تارة, تارة – طورا (ṯauran), تارة – اخرى (uḳrā) sometimes – sometimes, at times – at other times

توراة taurāh Torah, Pentateuch; Old Testament

تورﭙيد , توربيد turpīd, turbīd torpedo (sub-marine missile)

توربين turbīn pl. -āt turbine

تورتة torta pl. -āt pie, tart

(توق) تاق tāqa u (tauq, توقان tawaqān) to long., yearn, wish (الى for), hanker (الى after), desire, crave, covet (الى s.th.), strive (الى for), aspire (الى to)

توق tauq, توقان tawaqān longing, yearning, craving, desire

تواق tawwāq longing, yearning, eager (الى for), craving (الى s.th)

تائق tā’iq longing, yearning, eager (الى for), craving (الى s.th)

توكة امامية (tōka amāmīya; eg.) belt buckle (mil.)

تول tūl tulle

تومرجى see تمرجى

تون tūn and تونة tūna (zool.)

تونج (Turk. tunç) tunj bronze

تونس tūnus2 Tunis

تونسى tūnisīy pl. توانسة tawānisa Tunisian (adj. and n.)

تونية tūniya pl. توانى alb of priests and deacons (Chr.)

(توه) تاه tāha u and II = (تيه) تاه tāha i and II

توهة tūha daughter

تياترو (It. teatro) tiyātrō theater

تيتل taital pl. تياتل see ثيتل

تيتنوس tītānūs tetanus (med.)

(تيح) تاح tāḥa i to be destined, be foreordained (by fate, by God; ل to s.o.); to be granted, be given (ل to s.o.) IV to destine, foreordain (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.); to grant, afford, offer (هـ ل s.o. s.th.); pass. utīḥa to be destined, be foreordained, be granted, be given (ل to s.o.)|اتيح له التوفيق (utīḥa) he met with success, he was successful; اتيح له الفرصة (furṣa) he was given the opportunity, he had the chance .

تيار tayyār pl. -āt flow, stream, course, current, flood; fall (of a stream); movement, tendency, trend; draft (of air); (el.) current|O تيار مباشر (mubāšir) and تيار مستمر mustamirr) direct current; O تيار متناوب (mutanāwib) and O تيار متغير (mutagayyir) alternating current; O تيار متذبذب mutadabdib) oscillating current (el.); O يار نابض (nābiḍ) pulaoting current; O يار سريع التردد (sarī‘ at-taraddud) high-frequency current; O تياربطيء التردد (baṯī’ at-taraddud) low-frequency current; O تيار عالى الجهد (‘ālī l-jahd) heigh-tension current; O تيار واطئ الجهد (wāṯI’ al-jahd) low-tension current; O تيار ذاتى (dātī) self-induced current

O متار matār (Byr.) dynamo, generator

تيزة (Turk. teyze) tēza maternal aunt

تيس tais pl. اتياس atyās, تيوس tuyūs billy goat

اتيس atyās2 foolish, crazy

الحمى التيفودية al-hummā t-tīfūdīya typhoid fever

تيفوس tīfūs typhus

تيك tīka fem. of the demonstrative pronoun ذاك dāka

1 تيل II (from Turk. tel) to cable, wire, telegraph (syr.)

2 تيل tīl hemp; linen

3 تيلة tīla fiber, staple

1(تيم) تام tāma I (taim) to become enslaved, enthralled by love; to enslave, make blindly subservient (ه s.o.; through love) II to enslave, enthrall (love; ه s.o.); to make blindly subservient, drive out of his mind, infatuate (ه s.o.; love)

متيم mutayyam enslaved, enthralled (by love), infatuated

2 تيماء taimā’ Taima (oasis in NW Arabia)

تيمارجى see تمرجى

تين tīn (coll.; n. un. ة ) fig |تين شوكي (šaukī) fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficusindica Haw.)

تينك tainika see تاك alphabetically

(تيه) تاه tāha i to get lost, wander about,1ose one's way, go astray; to stray, wander (thoughts); to escape (من s.o.), slip (من s.o.’s memory); to perish, be destroyed, be lost; to be perplexed, startled, astonished; to be haughty; to swagger, boast, brag (على to s.o.)|تتيه على وجهه ابتسامة asmile flits over his face II to mislead, lead astray (ه s.o.); to distract, divert (ه s.o.); to confuse, confound, bewilder (ه s.o.) IV = II

تيه tīh desert, trackless wilderness; maze, labyrinth; haughtiness, pride

تياه tayyāh straying, stray, wandering; haughty

تيهان taihān2 straying, stray, wandering; perplexed, at a loss, bewildered; proud, hughty

تيهاء taihā’2 and matāha a trackless, desolate region; متاهة maze, labyrinth

تائه tā’ih straying, stray, wandering, roving, errant; lost in thought, distracted, absent-minded; lost, forlorn; infinite; haughty

تيوليب (Engl.) tulip

ث

ث abbreviation of ثانية second (time unit)

ثاء tā’ name of the letter ث

ثئب ta’iba a (ثأب ta’b) and VI to yawn

ثؤباء tu’abā’ yawning, yawn; fatigue, weariness

ثأر ta’ara a (ta’r) to avenge the blood of (ه or ب ), take blood revenge (ه for s.o. killed), take vengeance, avenge o.s. (ب ه on s.o. for, also من or ل for) IV and VIII اثأر itta’ara to get one’s revenge, be avenged

ثأر ta’r pl. -āt أثآر at’ār, آثار ātār revenge, vengeance, blood revenge; retaliation, reprisal|أخذ ثأره or أخذ بالثأر to take revenge, avenge o.s.; مباراة الثأر mubārāt at-t. return match (sports)

ثائر tā’ir avenger

ثؤلول tu’lūl and ثؤلولة tu’lūla pl. ثآليل ta’ālīl2 wart

ثأى ta’ā scars

ثبت tabata u (ثبات tabāt, ثبوت tubūt) to stand firm, be fixed, stationary, immovable, unshakable, firm, strong, stable; to hold out, hold one's ground (ل against s.o. or s.th.), be firm, remain firm (ل toward s.o. or s.th.), withstand, resist, defy (ل s.o. or s.th.); to be established, be proven (fact); to remain, stay (ب at a place); to maintain (على s.th.), keep, stick, adhere (على to s.th.), abide or stand by s.th. (على ; e.g., by an agreement); to insist (على on)| ثبت فى وجهه (fī wajhihī) to hold one’s own against s.o., assert o.s. against s.o. II to fasten, make fast, fix (هـ s.th.); to consolidate, strengthen (هـ s.th.); to stabilize (هـ s.th.); to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (هـ s.th.); to appoint permanently (. s.o.; to an office); to prove, establish (هـ s.th.), demonstrate, show (بان that); to prove guilty, convict (على a defendant); to confirm (Chr.)| ثبت بصره به (baṣarahu) to fix one’s eyes on, gaze at; ثبت قدميه (qadamaihi) to gain a foothold IV to establish, determine (هـ s.th.); to assert as valid or authentic, affirm (هـ s.th.); to confirm, corroborate, substantiate (هـ s.th.); to prove (على هـ s.th. to s.o.; ل to s.o., ان that); to demonstrate, show (هـ s.th.); to furnish competent evidence (هـ for); to bear witness, attest (هـ to); to acknowledge (هـ s.th., e.g., a qualification, a quality, ل in s.o.), concede (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.); to prove guilty, convict (على a defendant); to enter, record, register, list (فى هـ s.th. in a book, in a rooter, etc.)| اثبته فى الورق (waraq) to put s.th. down in writing, get s.th. on paper; اثبت الشخص (šaḳṣa) to determine s.o.’s identity, identify s.o.; اثبت شخصيته (šaḳṣīyatahū) to identify o.s., prove one’s identity V to ascertain, verify (فى s.th., هل if), make sure (فى of s.th., هل if); to consider carefully (فى s.th.), proceed with caution (فى in) X to show o.s. stead-fast, persevering; to seek to verify (هـ s.th.), try to make sure (هـ of), seek confirmation of or reassurance with regard to (هـ ); to ascertain, verify (هـ s.th.), make sure (هـ of s.th.); to find right, proven or true, see confirmed (هـ s.th.); to regard as authentic (هـ s.th.)

ثبت tabt firm, fixed, established; steadfast, unflinching; brave

ثبت tabat reliable, trustworthy, credible

ثبت tabat pl. اثبات atbāt list, index, roster

ثبات tabāt firmness; steadiness, constancy, permanence, stability; certainty, sureness; perseverance, persistence, endurance; continuance, maintenance, retention (على of s.th.), adherence (على to)

ثبوت tubūt constancy, immutability, steadiness; permanence, durability; certainty, sureness| ثبوت الشهر t. aš-šahr the official determination of the beginning of a lunar month

اثبت atbat more reliable, firmer, steadier, etc.

تثبيت tatbīt consolidation, strengthening; stabilization; confirmation; corroboration, substantiation| سر التثبيت sirr at-t. the Sacrament of Confirmation (Chr.)

اثبات itbāt establishment; assertion; confirmation; affirmation, attestation; demonstration; proof, evidence; registration, entering, listing, recording; documentation, authentication, verification| شاهد اثبات witness for the prosecution; عبء الاثبات ‘ib’ al-i. burden of proof (jur.)

اثباتى itbātī affirmative, confirmatory, corroborative, positive

تثبت tatabbut ascertainment; verification, examination, check; careful, cautious procedure, circumspection; interment (of the remains of a saint; Chr.)

ثابت tābit firm, fixed, established; stationary, immovable; steady, invariable, constant, stable; permanent, lasting, durable, enduring; confirmed, proven; a constant| ثابت الجأش t. al-ja’š undismayed, fearless, staunch, steadfast; ثابت العزم t. al-‘azm firmly resolved, determined; املاك ثابتة and أموال ثابتة immovable property, real estate, realty; O ثابت الاتجاه t. al-ittijāh unidirectional, rectified (el.)

ثابتة tābita pl. ثوابت tawābit2 fixed star

مثبوت matbūt established, confirmed; certain, sure, positive, assured; proven

ثبر tabara u to destroy, ruin (ه s.o.); (ثبور tubūr) to perish III to apply o.s. with zeal and perseverance (على to s.th.), persevere, persist (على in)

ثبور tubūr ruin, destruction|نادى بالويل والثبور (دعا or) nādā (da‘ā) bi-l-wail wa-t-t. to wail, burst into loud laments

مثابرة mutābara persistence, perseverance, endurance; diligence, assiduity

ثبط tabaṯa u and II to hold back, keep, prevent (عن ه s.o. from doing s.th.); to hinder, handicap, impede, slow down, set back (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to bring about the failure (هـ of s.th.), frustrate (هـ s.th.)

ثبنة tubna pl. ثبن tuban lap, fold of a garment (used as a receptacle)

ثبان tibān = ثبنة tubna

ثيتل look up alphabetically

ثج tajja u to flow coplously

ثجاج tajjāj coplously flowing, streaming

ثخن taḳuna u to be or become thick, thicken; to be firm, solid, compact IV to wear out, exhaust, weaken (ه s.o.)|اثخنه ضربا (ḍarban) to wallop s.o., give s.o. a sound thrashing; اثخن فى العدو (‘aduw) to massacre the enemy; اثخنه بالجراح to weaken s.o. by inflicting wounds

ثخن tiḳan, ثخانة taḳāna, ثخونة tuḳūna thickness, density; consistency; compactness

ثخين taḳīn pl. ثخناء tuḳanā’2 thick; dense

ثدى tady and tadyan m. and f., pl. اثداء atdā’ female breast; udder

ثر tarr abounding in water| ثرة من الدمع (dam‘) tear-wet, tear-blurred (eye)

ثرب taraba i (tarb) and II to blame, censure (ه and على s.o.)

تثريب tatrīb blame, censure, reproof

ثرثر tartara (ثرثرة tartara) to chatter, prattle

ثرثار tartār prattler, chatterbox; ثرثارة tartāra do. (fem.)

ثرثرة tartara chatter, prattle

ثرد tarada u to crumble and sop (هـ bread)

ثريد jarid a dish of sopped bread, meat and broth

مثرد mitrad bowl

ثرم tarama i (tarm) to knock s.o.’o (ه ) tooth out; -- tarima a (taram) to have a gap between two teeth

(ثرو and ثرى) ثرى tariya a to become wealthy IV to become or be rich, wealthy (ب or من through s.th.); to make rich, enrich (ه s.o.)

ثرى taran moist earth; ground, soil|اين الثرى من الثريا aina t-t. min t-turayyā (proverbially of things of disproportionate value) what has the ground to do with the Pleiades? طيب الله ثراه (ṯayyaba) approx.: may God rest him in peace!

ثرى tarīy pl. اثرياء atriyā’2 wealthy, rich|ثرى الحرب t. al-ilarb war profiteer, nouveau riche

ثري tarīyāt plantations

ثروة tarwa and ثروة tarā’ fortune, wealth, riches|اهل الثروة ahl at-t. the rich, the wealthy; ثروة قومية (qaumīya) national wealth; ثروة مائية (mā’īya) abundance of water, abundant supply of water (of a region)

ثريا turayyā Pleiades; (also ثرية ) pl. ثريات turayyāt chandelier

مثر mutr wealthy, rich

ثعبان tu‘bān pl. ثعابين ta‘ābīn snake| ثعبان الماء t. al-mā’ eel

ثعبانى tu‘bānī snaky, snakelike, serpentine; eely

مثعب mat‘ab pl. مثاعب matā‘ib2 drain

ثعالة tu‘āla fox

ثعلب ta‘lab pl. ثعالب ta‘ālib2 fox| داء الثعلب alopecia (med.), loss of hair

ثعلبى ta‘labī foxy, foxlike

ثعلبة ta‘laba vixen; O tetter (med)

ثغر tagir pl. ثغور tugūr front tooth; mouth; port, harbor, inlet, bay; seaport

ثغرة tagra pl. ثغر tugar breach, crevasse, crack, rift, crevice; opening, gap; cavity, hollow; narrow mountain trail

ثغم tagam white, whiteness

ثاغم tāgim white (adj.)

ثغا (ثغو ) tagā u (ثغاء tugā’) to bleat (sheep)

ثغاء tugā’ bleating, bleat

ثاغ tāgin bleating| ما له ثاغية ولا راغية (tagiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is deprived of all resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying (camel)

ثفر tafar pl. اثفار atfār crupper (of the saddle)

ثفل tufl dregs, lees, sediment; residues

ثفن III to associate (ه with s.o.), frequent s.o.’s (هـ ) company; to pursue, practice (ه s.th.)

ثفنة taftna pl. -āt, ثفن tifan callus, callosity

اثفية look up alphabetically

ثقة see وثق

ثقب taqaba u (taqb) to bore, or drill, a hole (هـ in s.th.), pierce, puncture, perforate (هـ s.th.) II do. II and IV to light, kindle (هـ s.th.) V and VII to be pierced, be punctured, be perforated

ثقب taqb piercing, boring, puncture, perforation; (also tuqb pl. ثقوب tuqūb, اثقاب atqāb) hole, puncture, borehole, drill hole

ثقبة tuqba pl. ثقب tuqab hole

ثقاب and عود الثقاب ‘ūd al-tiqāb match-stick; matches

ثقوب tuqūb keenness, acuteness (of the mind)

مثقب mitqab pl. مثاقب matāqib2 borer, drill, gimlet, auger, brace and bit, wimble, perforator; drilling machine

اثقاب itqāb kindling, lighting

ثاقب dqib penetrating, plercing, sharp (mind, eyes)| ثاقب النظر t. an-naẓar perspicacity; sharp-eyed; ثاقب الفكر t. al-fikr sagacity, acumen, mental acuteness; shrewd, sagacious, sharp-witted

ثاقبات tāqibāt borers (zool.)

ثقف taqifa a (taqf) to find, meet (ه s.o.); -- taqifa a and taqufa u to be skillful, smart, clever II to make straight, straighten (هـ s.th.); to correct, set right, straighten out (هـ s.th.); to train, form, teach, educate (هـ s.o.); to arrest (هـ s.o.); to seize, confiscate (ه s.th.) III to fence (ه with s.o.) V to be trained, be educated

ثقافة taqāfa culture, refinement; education; (pl. -āt) culture, civilization

ثقافى taqāfī educational; intellectual; cultural| ملحق ثقافى (mulḥaq) cultural attaché

ثقيف tatqīf cultivation of the mind; training, education; instruction

مثاقفة mutāqafa fencing, art or sport of fencing, swordplay, swordsmanship

تثقف tataqquf culturedness, culture, refinement, education

مثقف mutaqqaf educated; trained; cultured

ثقل taqula u (tiql, ثقالة taqāla) to be heavy; with ب to load or burden s.th., make s.th. heavy; to be hard to bear (على for s.o.), weigh heavily (على on), be burdensome, cumbersome, oppressive (على to s.o.); to be heavy-handed. sluggish, doltish, dull-witted; to be too dull, too sluggish (عن for s.th. to do s.th.), not to bother (or about) II to make heavy, weight (هـ s.th.); to burden, encumber (على s.o., هـ with s.th.), overburden (على s.o.), overtax s.o.’s (على ) strength, ask too much (على of s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, bother (على s.o. ب with s.th.), pester, molest (على s.o.)| ثقل كاهله and اثقل كاهله (kāhilahū) to burden s.o. or s.th; اثقل كاهل الميزان to burden the budget IV to burden (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to oppress, distress (ه s.o.). weigh heavily (ه on); to be hard to bear (ه for s.o.)| اثقل كاهله (kāhilahū) see II; VI to become or be heavy; to be troublesome, burdensome (على to s.o.), trouble. oppress (على s.o.); to be sluggish. doltish. slow; to be in a bad mood, be sullen, grumpy; to find burdensome and turn away (عن from s.th.); not to bother (عن about); to be too dull, too sluggish (عن for s.th., to do s.th.) X to find heavy, hard. burdensome, troublesome (هـ s.th.), find annoying (هـ, ه s.o.. s.th.)|استثقل ظله (ẓillahū) to find s.o. unbearable, dislike s.o.

ثقل tiql pl. اثقال atqāl weight; burden load; gravity; heaviness| رفع الاثقال raf‘ al-a. weight lifting (athlet.); الثقل النوعى (nau‘ī) specific gravity

ثقل tiqal heaviness; sluggishness, dullness

ثقل taqal pl. اثقال atqāl load, baggage

الثقلان at-taqalān the humans and the jinn

ثقل taqla trouble, inconvenience, discomfort

ثقل taqala heaviness; sluggishness, doltishness; dullness

ثقيل taqīl pl. ثقلاء tuqalā’2, ثقال tiqāl heavy; weighty, momentous, grave, serious, important; burdensome, troublesome, cumbersome, oppressive; unpleasant, disagreeable, distasteful (person)| ثقيل الدم t. ad-dam insufferable, unpleasant, disagreeable (person); ثقيل الروح t. ar-rūḥ doltish, dull (person); a bore; ثقيل الظل t. aẓ-ẓill disagreeable, insufferable (person); ثقيل الفهم t. al-fahm slow of understanding, slow-witted; ثقيل السمع t. as-sam‘ hard of hearing; صناعة ثقيلة (ṣinā‘a) heavy industry; ماء ثقيل heavy water (phys.)

اثقل atqal2 heavier; more oppressive

مثقال mitqāl pl. مثاقيل matāqīl2 weight (also s.th. placed as an equipoise on the scales of a balance); miskal, a weight (in Egypt = 24 قراط = 4.68 g)| مثقال ذرة m. darra the weight of a dust speck, i.e., a tiny amount; a little bit; مثقال من a little of, a little bit of

تثقيل tatqīl weighting, burdening; molestation

تثاقل tatāqul sluggishness, dullness

مثقل mutaqqal and mutqal burdened, encumbered; overloaded; weighted (ب with s.th.); oppressed (ب by); heavy

متثاقل mutatāqil sluggish, dull; sullen, grumpy

ثكل takila a (takal) to lose a child (ه ), also: to be bereaved of a loved one (ه ) by death IV اثكل الأم ولدها atkala l-umma waladuhā to bereave a mother of her son

ثكل takal state of one who has lost a friend or relative; mourning over the loss of a loved one

ثكلان taklān (2) bereaved of a child

ثكلى taklā bereaved of a child (mother)

ثاكلة tākila pl. ثواكل tawākil2 bereaved of a child (mother)

ثكنة tuknā pl. ثكن tukan, -āt barracks (mil.)

ثل talla u (ثلل talal) to tear down, destroy, overthrow, subvert (هـ s.th., esp. عرشا ‘aršan to topple a throne) VII to be subverted, overthrown (throne)

ثلة tulla pl. ثلل tulal troop, band, party, group (of people); military detachment

ثلب talaba i (talb) to criticize, run down (ه s.o.); to slander, defame (ه s.o.)

ثلب talb slander, defamation

مثلبة matlaba pl. مثالب matālib2 shortcoming, defect, blemish, stain, disgrace

ثالب tālib slanderous, defamatory; slanderer

ثلث II to triple, make threefold (هـ s.th.); to do three times (هـ s.th.)

ثلث tult pl. اثلاث atlāt one third; tulut a sprawling, decorative calligraphic style

ثلاثة talāta (f. ثلاث talāt) three; ثلثا talātan three times, thrice

ثلاثى talātī tertiary; Tertiary (geol.)|ما قبل الثلاثى pre-Tertiary

ثلاثة عشر talātata ‘ašara, f. ثلاث عشرة talāta ‘ašrata thirteen

الثالث at-tālit the third; ثالثا tālitan thirdly; ثالثة 1/60 of a second

ثلاثون talātūn thirty

الثلثاء at-talatā’ and يوم الثلثاء yaum at-t. Tuesday

ثلاث tulāt2 and مثلث mutallat three at a time

ثلاثى tulātī tripartite, consisting of three, (gram.) triliteral, consisting of three radicals; tri-; trio (mus. )|ثلاثى الزوايا t. z-zawāyā triangular; ثلاثى الورقات t. l-waraqāt trifoliate

ثالوث tālūt Trinity (CM.); trinity, triad; triplet| زهرة الثالوث zahrat at-t. pansy (bot.)

تثليث tatlīt doctrine of the Trinity; Trinity (Chr.)

تثليثى tatlītī trigonometric(al)

مثلث mutallat tripled, triple, threefold; having three diacritical dots (letter); triangular; (pl. -āt) triangle (geom.)| الراية المثلثة الألوان (rāya), العلم المثلث (‘alam) and المثلث the tricolor; المثلث الحاد (ḥadd) acute-angled triangle; مثلث الزوايا m. az-zawāyā triangular; المثلث المتساوى الساقين (mutasāwā s-sāqain) isosceles triangle; المثلث المتساوى الأضلاع equilateral triangle; المثلث القائم right-angled triangle

المثلثات al-mutallatāt and حساب المثلثات ḥisāb al-m. trigonometry

ثلج talaja u: ثلجت السماء (samā’u) it snowed, was snowing; -- talija a to be delighted, be gladdened (soul, heart; ب by) II to cool with ice (هـ s.th.); to freeze, turn into ice (هـ s.th.) IV اثلجت السماء it snowed, was snowing; to cool, moisten (هـ s.th.)|اثلج صدره (ṣadrahū) to delight, please, gratify s.o. V to become icy, turn into ice, congeal; to freeze

ثلج talj pl. ثلوج tulūj snow; ice; artificial ice|ندفة الثلج nadfat at-t. snowflake

ثلجى taljī snowy, snow- (in compounds); icy, glacial, ice- (in compounds)

ثليج talīj icy

ثلاج tallāj pl. -ūn ice vendor

ثلاجة tallāja pl. -āt iceberg, ice floe; refrigerator, icebox

مثلجة matlaja pl. مثالج matālij2 icebox, refrigerator; cold-storage plant

مثلوج matlūj snow-covered; iced, icy; مثلوجات frozen food; iced beverages

مثلج mutallaj iced; icy, ice-cold

ثلم talama i (talm) to blunt, make jagged (هـ s.th.), break the edge of (هـ ); to make a breach, gap or opening (هـ in a wall); to defile, sully (هـ reputation, honor); --talima a to be or become jagged, dull, blunt II to blunt (هـ s.th.) V to become blunt VII to be defiled, be discredited (reputation)

ثلم talm nick, notch; breach, opening, gap; crock, fissure, rift|ثلم الصيت t. aṣ-ṣīt defamation

ثلمة tulma pl. ثلم tulam = talm| سد ثلمة sadda talmatan to fill a gap; ثلمة لا تسد (tusaddu) a gap that cannot be closed, an irreparable loss

ثالم talim dull, blunt

مثلوم matlūm defiled, sullied (reputation, honor)

مثلم mutatallim blunted, blunt; cracking (voice)

منثلم الصيت muntalim aṣ-ṣīt of ill repute, of dubious reputation

ثم tamma there ثم min tamma hence, therefore, for that reason

ثم tumma then, thereupon; furthermore, moreover; and again, and once more (emphatically in repetition)|كلا ثم كلا (kallā) no and a hundred times no! من ثم min tamma then, thereupon

ثمة tammata (ثمت ) there; there is|ليس ثمة there isn't

ثمام tumām a grass|على طرف الثمام (ṯarafi t-t.) within easy reach, handy; جعله على طرف الثمام he made it readily understandable, he presented it plsusibly for all

اثمد look up alphabetically

ثمر tamara u to bear fruit IV do. X to profit, benefit (هـ from); to exploit, utilize (هـ s.th.); to invest profitably (هـ money)

ثمر tamar pl. ثمار timār, اثمار atmār fruits, fruit (coll.); result, effect, fruit, fruitage; yield, profit, benefit, gain

ثمرة tamara (n. un. of tamar) pl. -āt fruit; result, effect; yield, profit, benefit, gain

استثمار istitmār exploitation (also pol.-econ.), utilization, profitable use

مثمر mutmir fruitful, productive, profitable, lucrative

مستثمر mustatmir pl. -ūn exploiter (pol.-econ.); beneficiary

ثمل tamila a (tamal) to become drunk IV to make drunk, intoxicate (ه s.o.)

ثمل tamal intoxication, drunkenness

ثملة tamala drunken fit, drunkenness

ثمل tamil intoxicated, drunk(en)

ثمالة tumāla residue, remnant, dregs (of a liquid), heeltap (of wine); .cum, foam, froth

1 ثمن II to appraise, asses, estimate (هـ s.th.), determine the price or value (هـ of s.th.); to price (هـ s.th.)| لا ثمل lā yutammanu invaluable, inestimable, priceless

ثمن pl. اثمن atmān, اثمنة atmina price, cost; value|الثمن الأصلى (aṣlī) cost price; الثمن الأساسى (asāsī) par, nominal value

ثمين tamīn costly, precious, valuable

اثمن atman2 costlier, more precious, more valuable

تثمين tatmīn estimated, appraisal, assessment, valuation, rating

مثمون matmūn object of value

مثمن mutammin estimator, appraiser|خبير مثمن assessor

مثمن mutamman prized, valued, valuable, precious

مثمن mutmin costly, precious, valuable

مثمن mutman object of value

2 ثمانية tamāniya (f. ثمان tamānin) eight

ثمانية عشر tamāniyata ‘ašara, f. ثماني عشرة tamāniya ‘ašrata eighteen

ثمن pl. اثمان atmān one-eighth

ثمنة tumna pl. -āt a dry measure (Eg. = 1/3 قدح = .258 l; Pal. = ca. 2.25 l)

ثمانون tamānūn eighty

الثامن at-tāmin the eighth

مثمن mutamman eightfold; octagonal

ثنة tunna pl. ثنن tunan fetlock

ثندوة tunduwa pl. ثناد tanādin breast (of the male)

ثنى tanā i (tany) to double, double up, fold, fold up, fold under (هـ s.th.); to bond, flex (هـ s.th.); to turn away, dissuade, keep, prevent, divert (عن ه s.o. from)| ثنى عنان فرسه (‘ināna farasihī) he galloped off II to double, make double (هـ s.th.); to do twice, repeat (هـ s.th.); to pleat, plait (هـ s.th.); to form the dual (هـ of a word); to provide with two diacritical dots (هـ a letter) IV to commend, praise, laud, extol (على s.th., s.o.), speak appreciatively (على of)| اثنى عليه عاطر الثناء (‘āṯira tanā’) to speak in the most laudatory terms of s.o. V to double, become double; to be doubled; to be repeated; to bond, fold; to be bent, be folded. be folded up or under; to walk with a swinging gait VII to bend, bend up, down or over, lean, incline, bow; to fold, be foldable, be folded back; to turn away (عن from), give up, renounce (عن s.th.); to turn, face (ل I toward); to apply o.s., turn (الى to s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to set out, prepare (to do s.th.) X to except, exclude (من ه or هـ s.th. or s.o. from), make an exception (هـ of s.th.)

ثنى tany bonding; folding; turning away, dissuasion, keeping, prevention

ثنى tiny pl. اثناء atnā’ fold, pleat, plait, crease (in cloth); bond, twist| ثنيا بعد ثنى tinyan ba‘da tinyin from time to time

اثناء atnā’ (prep.) during; in the course of|فى اثناء fī atnā’i do.; فى اثناء ذلك, فى تلك الاثناء, اثناء ذلك in the meantime, during all this time, meanwhile

ثنية tanya pl. tanyāt fold, pleat, plait, crease (in cloth)

ثنية tanya pl. ثنايا tanāyā middle incisor; narrow pass; mountain trail| فى ثنايا in, inside, among, between, frequently only a fuller, rhetorically more elegant expression for "in". e.g., فى ثنايا نفسه in his heart, inwardly, فى ثنايا الكتاب in the book; بين ثنايا in, inside, among, between; طلاع الثنايا ṯallā‘ at-t. one with high-flung aspirations

ثناء tanā’ commendation, praise, eulogy; appreciation

ثناء tunā’2 and مثنى matnā two at a time

ثنوى tanawī dualist

ثنوية tanawīya dualism

ثنائى tanā’ī laudatory, eulogistic

ثنائى tunā’ī twofold, double, dual, binary, bi-; biradical (gram.); duet, duo (mus.)| محرك ثنائى المشوار (muḥarrik t. l-mišwār) two-cycle engine

O ثنائية tunā’īya dualism; duet, duo (mus.)

اثنان itnāni, f. اثنتان itnatāni two

اثنا عشر itnā ‘ašara, f. اثنتا عشرة itnatā ‘ašrata twelve

يوم الاثنين yaum al-itnaini and الاثنين Monday

الثانى at-tānī the second; the next; ثانيا tāniyan and ثانية tāniyatan secondly; for the second time, once more, again| ثانى اثنين t. itnain the second of a pair, pendant, companion piece, match

ثانية tāniya pl. ثوان tawānin second (time unit)

ثانوى tānawī secondary; minor|امور ثانوية matters of secondary importance, minor matters; مدرسة ثانوية secondary school; تسويغ ثانوي subletting

تثنية tatniya repetition; plaiting, pleating; doubling, gemination; (gram.) dual; second sequel (e.g., of a collection of short stories); commendation, praise, eulogy| تثنية الاشتراع Deuteronomy

انثناء intinā’ bending, flection; flexibility, foldability| قابل للاانثناء foldable, folding

انثناءة intinā’a pl. -āt (n. vic.) bend, flexure, curve

استثناء istitnā’ exception, exclusion| باستثناء with the exception of, except; بدون استثناء without exception

استثنائى istitnā’ī exoeptional; استثنائيا istitnā’īyan as an exception| احوال استثنائية emergencies; جلسة استثنائية (jalsa) emergency session

مثنى matnīy folded; plaited, pleated; doubled

مثنى mutannan ouble, twofold; in the dual (gram.)

مستثنى mustatnan excepted, excluded (من from)

ثوة see ثوى

1 ثاب (ثوب ) tāba u to return, come back (also, e.g., a state or condition, الى or ل to s.o.); with ب : to return s.th. (الى to s.o.)| ثاب الى نفسه to regain consciousness, come to; ثاب اليه رشده (rušduhū) to recover one’s senses II to reward (ه s.o.; said of God) IV to repay, requite (هـ هـ s.th. with); to reward (على ه s.o. for) X to seek reward

ثوب taub pl. ثياب tiyāb, اثواب atwāb garment, dress; cloth, material; (fig.) garb, outward appearance, guise, cloak, mask; pl. ثياب clothes, clothing, apparel| ثياب السهرة t. as-suhra formal dress, evening clothes; فى ثوب بسيط in plain, homely form; طاهر الثياب of flawless character, irreproachable

ثواب tawāb requital, recompense, reward (for good deeds); (Isl. Law) merit, credit (arising from a pious deed)

مثوبة matūba requital, recompense, reward (bestowed by God for good deeds)

مثاب matāb and مثابة matāba place to which one returns; meeting place; rendezvous; resort, refuge

مثابة matāba (with foll. genit.) place or time at which s.th. appears or recurs; manner, mode, fashion; see also preceding entry| بمثابة (with foll. genit.) like, as; tantamount to, equivalent to, having the same function as

2 تثاوب = تثاءب (ثئب VI) to yawn

ثار (ثور ) tāra u to stir, be stirred up, be aroused, be excited; to swirl up, rise (dust); to arise (question, problem; a difficulty, فى وجهه fī wajhihī before s.o.); to be triggered, be unleashed, break out; to revolt, rebel, rise (على against); to rage, storm| ثار ثائره (tā’irohū) to fly into a rage, become furious, flare up IV to agitate, excite (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to stimulate (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to irritate (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to arouse, stir up, kindle, excite (هـ s.th., e.g., feelings), cause, provoke, awaken (هـ s.th.); to raise, pose, bring up (مسألة mas’alatan a question, a problem)| اثار ثائرته (tā’iratahū) to infuriate s.o., excite s.o. X to excite, stir up, kindle (هـ s.th., esp. passions); to rouse (هـ s.th.); to arouse, awaken (هـ s.th., esp. feelings); to elicit, evoke (هـ wails, outcries, من from s.o.); to incite, set (على ه s.o. against)| استثار غضبه (gaḍabahū) to infuriate s.o., make s.o. angry

ثور taur pl. ثيران tīrān bull, steer; ox; Taurus (astron.)| شوربة ذيل الثور šōrabat dail at-t. oxtail soup

ثورة taura excitement, agitation; outbreak, outburst, fit (of fury, of despair, etc.); eruption (of a volcano); (pl. -āt) upheaval, uprising, insurrection, riot, rebellion, revolt, revolution|ثورة اهلية (ahlīya) internal strife, civil war

ثورى taurī revolutionary (adj. and n.)

ثوروى taurawī revolutionary (adj. and n.)

ثوران tawarān agitation, excitation, flare-up, emption, outbreak, outburst, dust whirl

مثار matār incentive, stimulus, motive, spur, occasion, cause| مثار الجدل m. al-jadal and مثار النزاع object of controversy, point of contention

اثارة itāra excitation, stirring up, kindling; agitation, incitement; provocation, (a)rousing, awakening; irritation, stimulation

ثائر tā’ir excited, agitated, raving, furious, mad; rebellious; fury, rage (in the idiomatic phrase ثار ثائرة see above); (pl. ثوار tuwwār) insurgent, rebel, revolutionary

ثائرة tā’ira pl. ثوائر tawā’ir2 tumult; excitement, agitation; fury, rage

مثير mutīr exciting; provocative; stimulative, irritative; excitant, irritant, stimulant; instigator; germ, agent; pl. مثيرات stimulants

ثوريوم tōriyūm thorium (chem.)

ثول VII to swarm, crowd, throng (على around s.o.); to come over s.o. (على )

ثول law and ثول النحل t. an-nḥl swarm of bees

ثوم tūm (coll.; n. un. ة ) garlic

ثوى tawā i (ثواء tawā’, ثوى tuwīy, مثوى matwan) to stay, live (ب at a place); to settle down (ب at a place); pass. tuwiya to be buried IV to stay, live; to lodge, put up as a guest (ه s.o.)

ثوى tawīy guestroom

ثوة tūwa pl. ثوى tuwan signpost, road-sign

مثوى matwan pl. مثاو matāwin abode, habitation, dwelling; place of rest

ثيب tayyib pl. -āt a deflowered but unmarried woman, widow, divorcée

ثيتل taital pl. ثياتل tayātil2 a variety of wild goat (Capra jaela)

ج

جاثليق jātalīq = جثليق

جؤجؤ ju’ju’ pl. جآجئ ja’āji2 breast; prow, bow (of a ship)

جأر ja’ara a (ja’r, جؤار ju’ār) to low, moo; to supplicate, pray fervently (الى to God)

جأر ja’r, and جؤار ju’ār, lowing, mooing (of cattle)

1 جاز giiz pl. -āt (Eg. spelling) gas

2 جاز jāz jazz

جازون (Fr. gazon, Eg. spelling) gāzōn lawn

جأش ja’aša a (ja’š) to be agitated, be convulsed (with pain or fright)

جأش ja’š emotional agitation; heart, soul| ربط جأشه rabaṯa ja’šahū to remain calm, composed, self-possesed; رابط الجأش or ثابت الجأش calm, composed, cool, self-possessed, undismayed; بجأش رابط with unswerving courage, unflinchingly

جاكته , جاكتة and جاكيته žakēta jacket, coat

جالون galōn gallon

جاليرى (Eg. spelling) galērī gallery (theat.)

جام jām pl. –āt cup; drinking vessel; bowl

جامكية jāmakīya pl. -āt, جوامك jawāmik2 pay

جاموس jāmūs pl. جواميس jawāmīs2 buffalo

جاموسة jāmūsa buffalo cow

جانرك (pronounced žānəreg, from Turk. caneriği; coll.; n. un. žānərgēye) a variety of small green plum with several stones (syr.)

جاه jāh rank, standing, dignity, honor, glory, fame

جاوه jāwa Java

جاوى jāwī Javanese; benzoin; (pl. -ūn) a Javanese

جاودار jāwadār rye

جاويش čāwīš sergeant = شاوش, شاويش

1 جب jubb pl. اجباب ajbāb, جباب jibāb well, cistern; pit

2 جبة jubba pl. جبب jubab, جباب , jibāb, جبائب jabā’ib2 jubbah, a long outer garment, open in front, with wide sleeves

جبح jabḥ pl. اجبح ajbuḥ, جباح jibāḥ, اجباح ajbāḥ beehive

جبخانة jabḳāna, jabaḳāna powder magazine; ammunition; artillery depot

جبر jabara u (jabr, جبور jubūr) to set (هـ broken bones); to restore, bring back to normal (هـ s.th.); to help back on his feet, help up (ه s.o.; e.g., on. fallen into poverty); to force, compel (على ه s.o. to do s.th.)| جبر خاطره (ḳāoṯirahū) to console, comfort, gratify, oblige s.o.; to treat (s.o.) in a conciliatory or kindly manner II to set (هـ broken bones) III to treat with kindness with friendliness (ه s.o.), be nice (ه to s.o.) IV to force, compel (على ه s.o. to do s.th.); to hold sway (على over) V to show o.s. proud, haughty; to act strong, throw one’s weight around; to show o.s. strong or powerful, demonstrate one’s strength or power; to be set (broken bones)| تجبر الله بابنك (bi-bnika) God has demonstrated His power on your son, i.e., He has taken him unto Himself VII to be mended. repaired, restored

جبر jabr setting (of broken bones); force, compulsion; coercion, duress; power, might; (predestined, inescapable) decree of fate; جبرا jab,an forcibly, by force| علم الجبر ‘ilm al-j. algebra; يوم جبر البحر yaum j. al-baḥr a local holiday of Cairo (the day on which, in former times, the water of the Nile was channeled into the now-abandoned ḳalīg, or City Canal, thus marفى ng the beginning of the irrigation season)

جبرى jabrī algebraic; compulsory, forced; -- jabarī an adherent of the doctrine of predestination and the inescapability of fate; fatalist

جبرية jabarīya an Islamic school of thought teaching the inescapability of fate; fatalism

جبار jabbār, pl. -ūn, جبابر jabābir2, جبابرة jabābira giant; colossus; tyrant, oppressor; almighty, omnipotent (God); gigantic, giant, colossal, huge; Orion (astron.)| جبار الخطوة j. al-ḳuṯ.wa striding powerfully, taفى ng buge strides

جبارة jibāra (art of) bonesetting

جبيرة jabīra and جبارة jībāra pl. جبائر jabā’ir2 splint (surg.)

جبروت jabarūt omnipotence; power, might; tyranny

جبرياء jibriyā’2 pride, haughtiness

O تجبير tajbīr, تجبير العظام orthopedics

اجبار ijbār compulsion, coercion

اجبارى ijbārī forced, forcible, compulsory, obligatory|التجنيد الاجبارى compulsory recruitment; military conscription

جابر jābir and مجبر mujabbir, bonesetter

مجبور majbūr and مجبر mujbar forced, compelled

جبرئيل jabra’īl2 جبريل jibrīl2 Gabriel

2 جبس II to plaster, coat, patch, or fix with plaster (هـ s.th.); to put in a cast, set in plaster (هـ s.th.)

جبس jibs gypsum; plaster of Paris

جباسة jabbāsa gypsum quarry; plaster kiln

2 جبس jabas (coll.; n. un. ة ; syr.) watermelon(s)

1 جبل jabala u i (jabl) to mold, form, shape, fashion (هـ s.th.); to knead (هـ s.th.); to create (على ه s.o. with a natural disposition or propensity for); pass. جبل على (jubila) to be born for, be naturally diaposed to, bave a propensity for

جبلة jibla, jibilla pl. -āt natural disposition, nature, temper

2 جبل jabal pl. جبل jibāl, اجبال ajbāl mountain; mountains, mountain range| جبال الالب j. al-alb the Alpes; جبال الاوراس the Aurès Mountains (in E Algeria); جبل جليد iceberg; جبل سينا j. sīnā Mount Sinai; جبل طارق Gibraltar; جبل نار volcano

جبلى jabalī mountainous, hilly; mountain (adj.); montane; (pl. -ūn) highlander, mountaineer

جبلاوى gabalāwī (eg.) highlander, mountaineer

جبلاية gabalāya pl. -āt (eg.) grotto, cave

جبن jabuna u (jubn, جبانة jabāna) to be a coward, be fearful; to be too much of a coward (عن to do s.th.), shrink (عن from s.th.) II to cause to curdle (هـ milk); to make into cheese (هـ s.th.); to curdle; to accuse of cowardice, call a coward (ه s.o.) V to curdle (milk), turn into cheese

جبن jubn and جبانة jabāna cowardice

جبن jubn and جبنة jubna cheese

جبان jabān pl. جبناء jubanā’2 coward; cowardly

جبان jabbān cheese merchant

جبين jabīn pl. جبن jubun, اجبنة ajbina, اجبن ajbun forehead, brow; façade, front; face من جبينى min jabīnī I alone; على جبين السماء in the sky

جبينى jabīnī frontal

اجبن ajban2 more cowardly

جبانة jabbāna pl. -āt cemetery

تجبين tajbīn cheese making, processing into cheese

1 جبه jabaha a to moot, face, confront (ه s.o.) III to face, confront, oppose, defy (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), show a hold front (ه to); to face (هـ a problem, a difficulty)

جبهة jabha pl. جباه jibāh, جبهات jabahāt forehead, brow; front, face, façade; frontline, battle front

مجابهة mujābaha facing, confrontation, opposition

2 جبه خانة see جبخانة

جبى jabā i (جباية jibāya) to collect, raise, levy (هـ taxes, duties) II to prostrate o.s. (in prayer) VIII to pick, choose, elect (هـ s.th., ه s.o.)

جباية jibāya raising, levying (of taxes); (pl. oat) tax, duty, impost

جبائي jibā’ī tax- (in compounds); fiscal

مجبى majban pl. مجاب majābin tax, impost

جاب jābin pl. جباة jubāh tax collector, revenue officer, collector; (bus, etc.) conductor (ir.)

جابية jābiya pl. جواب jawābin pool, basin

جتا jatā (abbreviation of جيب التمام ) cosine (math.)

جث jatta (jatt) and VIII to tear out, uproot (هـ a tree, also fig.)

جثة jutta pl. جثث jutat, اجثاث ajtāt body; corpse, cadaver; carcass

مجتث muitat uprooted (also fig.)

جثل jatl thick, dense (esp. hair)

جثليق jitlīq pl. جثالقة jatāliqa catholicos, primate of the Armenian Church

جثم jatama u i (jatm, جثوم jutūm) to alight, sit, perch (bird); to crouch, cower; to fall or lie prone, lie face down; to beset, oppress (على s.th.)

جثمة jatma (n. vic.) motionless sitting or lying

جثام jutām and جاثوم jātūm nightmare, incubus

جثمان jutmān pl. -āt hody, mortal frame

جثمانى jutmānī hodily, physical, corporeal

جاثم jātim pl. جثم juttam squatting, crouching; perching; prostrate, prone

(جثو) جثا jatā u (jutuw) to kneel, root on the knees; to bend the knee, genullect; to fall on one’s knees

جثو jutūw kneeling pooition

جثوة jutwa rock pile, mound; sepulchral mound, tumulus

مجثى majtan hassock

جاث jātin kneeling; الجاثى Hercules (astron.)

جحد jaḥda a (jaiḥd, جحود juḥūd) to negate (هـ s.th.); to disclaim, disavow, disown, deny (هـ s.th.); to refuse, reject, repudiate (هـ s.th.); to renounce, forswear, adjure (هـ a belief); to deny (هـ ه s.o. his right)| جحد جميله (jamīlahū) to he ungrateful to s.o.

جحد jaḥd denial; repudiation, disavowal, rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)

جحود juḥūd denial; evasion, dodging, shirking (of a moral obligation); ingratitude; repudiation, disavowal, rejection, disclaimer; unbelief (rel.)

جاحد jāḥid denier; infidel, unbeliever

جحر VII to hide in ito hole or den (animal)

جحر juḥr pl. اجحار ajḥār, جحور juḥūr hole, den, lair, burrow (of animals)

جحش jaḥš pl. جحاش jiḥāš, جحشان jiḥšān, اجحاش ajḥāš young donkey; (pl. جحوش juḥūš) trestle, horse

جحشة jaša young female donkey

جحظ jaḥaẓa a (جحوظ juḥūẓ) to bulge, protrude (eyeball)

جحوظ العين juḥūz al-‘ain exophthalmic goiter, abnormal protrusion of the eyeball

جحف jaḥafa a (jaḥf) to peel off, scrape off (هـ s.th.); to sweep away (هـ s.th.); to have a bias (مع for), side (مع with s.o.) IV to harm, hurt, injure, prejudice (ب s.o., s.th.); to ruin. destroy (ب s.o., s.th.); to wrong (ب s.o.)

اجحاف ijḥāf injustice, wrong; bias, prejudice

مجحف mujḥif unjust, unfair; biased, prejudiced

جحفل jaḥfala pl. جحافل jaḥāfil2 multitude, legion, host, large army; army corps (Syr.); eminent man

جحيم jaḥīm f. (also m.) fire, hellfire, hell

جحيمى jaḥīmī hellish, infernal

جخ jaḳḳa (eg.) to lord it, give o.s. airs; to boast, brag; (syr.) to dress up (slightly ironical)

جخاخ jaḳḳāḳ boaster, braggart

1 جد jadd pl. جدود judūd, اجاد ajdād grand-father; ancestor, forefather| الجد الاعلى (a‘lā) ancestor

جدة jadda pl. -āt grandmother

2 جد jadda i to be new; to be a recent development, have happened lately, have recently become a fact; to be added, crop up or enter as a new factor (circumstances, costs); to appear for the first time (also, e.g., on the stage); to be or become serious, grave; to be weighty, significant, important; to take فى s.th.) seriously; to strive earnestly فى for), go out of one’s way (فى to do s.th.), make every effort (فى in); to be serious, be in earnest (فى about), mean business; to hurry (فى one’s step) II to renew (هـ s.th.); to make anew, remake (هـ s.th.); to modernize (هـ s.th.); to restore, renovate, remodel, refit, recondition, refurbish (هـ s.th.); to be an innovator, a reformer; to feature s.th. new or novel, produce s.th. new; to rejuvenate, regenerate, revive, freshen up (هـ s.th.); to renew, extend (هـ a permit); to begin anew, repeat (هـ s.th.), make a new start (هـ in s.th.); to try again (حظه ḥaẓẓahū one’s luck) IV to strive, endeavor, take pains; to apply o.s. earnestly and assiduously (فى to), be bent, be intent (فى on s.th.); to hurry (فى one's step); to renew, make new (هـ s.th.) V to become new, be renewed; to revive X to be new, be added or enter as a new factor, come newly into existence; to make new, renew (هـ s.th.)

جد iadd pl. جدود judūd good luck, good fortune

جد jidd seriousness, earnestness; diligence, assiduity, eagerness; جدا jiddan very, much| بجد and من جد earnestly, seriously; جد باهظ jiddu bāhiẓin very high (price); جد عظيم j. ‘aẓīmin very great; يختلفون جد الاختلاف (jidda l-iḳtilāf) they differ widely; وقف على ساق الجد ل (sāqi l-j.) to apply o.s. with diligence to, take pains in, make every effort to

جدى jiddī serious; earnest; جديا jiddīyan in earnest, earnestly, seriously

جدية jiddīya earnestness; seriousness, gravity (of a situation)

جدة jidda newness, recency, novelty; modernness, modernity; O rebirth, renaissance

جدة judda2 Jidda (eeaport in W Saudi Arabia, on Red Sea)

جديد jadīd pl. جدد judud, judad new, recent; renewed; modem; novel, unprecedented|الجديدان al-jadīdān day and night; من جديد anew, again; (eg.) جديد لنج gadīd lang brand-new.

اجد ajadd2 more serious, more intent; newer, more recent

تجديد tajdīd renewal (also. e.g., of a permit); creation of s.th. new origination; new presentation, new production (theat.); innovation; reorganization, reform; modernization; renovation, restoration, remodeling. refitting. reconditioning, refurbishing; rejuvenation, regeneration; pl. -āt innovations; new achievements

تجدد tajaddud renewal, regeneration, revival

جاد jādd in earnest, earnest; serious (as opposed to comic, funny)

جادة jādda pl. –āt, jawādd2 main street; street

مجدود majdūd fortunate. lucky

مجدد mujaddid renewer; innovator; reformer

مجدد mujaddad renewed, extended; remodeled, reconditioned, renovated, restored; rejuvenated, regenerated, new, recent, young

مجد mujidd painstaking, diligent, assiduous

مستجد mustajidd new, recent; incipient

جدب jaduba u جدوبة judūba) to be or become dry, arid (soil) IV to suffer from drought, poverty or dearth; to be barren, sterile; to come to nothing, go up in smoke, fall flat, fizzle out; (syr.) to explode in the barrel (shell; mil.)

جدب jadb drought, barrenness, sterility; sterile, barren

جديب jadīb and اجدب ajdab2, f. جدباء jadbā’2 barren, sterile

مجدب mujdib barren, sterile; desolate, arid; unproductive, unprofitable

جدث jadat pl. اجداث ajdāt grave, tomb

جدجد judjud pl. جداجد jadājid2 cricket (zool.)

1 جدر jadura u (جدارة jadāra) to be fit, suitable, proper. appropriate (ب for s.o., for s.th.); to befit, behoove (ب s.o., s.th.); to be worthy (ب of), deserve (ب s.th.)| يجدر ذكره (dikruhū) and يجدر بالذكر it is worth mentioning

جدر jadr wall

جدير jadīr pl. -ūn جدراء judarā’2 worthy, deserving (ب of s.th.); becoming, befitting (ب s.th.); proper, suited, suitable fit (ب for), appropriate (ب to)| جدير بالذكر (dikr) worth mentioning

اجدر ajdar worthier; more appropriate; better suited, more suitable

جدارة jadāra worthiness; fitness, suitability, aptitude, qualification; appropriateness

جدار jidār pl. جدر judur, جدران judrān wall

جدارى jidārī mural, wall (adj.)

2 جدر judira (pass.) and II to have smallpox

جدرى judarī, jadarī smallpox

مجدور majdūr and مجدر mujaddar infected with smallpox; pock-marked

مجدرة mujaddara dish made of rice or (in Syr.) of bulgur with lentils, onions and oil (eg., syr.)

جدع jada‘a a (jad‘) to cut off, amputate (هـ s.th., esp. some part of the body)

بجدع الانف bi-jad‘i l-anf (prop., at the cost of having the nose cut off) at any price, regardless of the sacrifice involved

اجدع ajda‘ mutilated (by having the nose, or the like cut off)

2 جدع gada‘ (= جذع jada‘) pl. جدعان gid‘ān (eg.) young man, young fellow; heman

1 جدف II to curse, blaspheme (على s.o., esp. God)

تجديف tajdīf imprecation, blasphemy

2 جدف jadafa i and II to row (o a boat)

مجداف mijdāf pl. مجادف majādif2 oar

1 جدل jadala u i (jadl) to twist tight, tighten, stretch (هـ a rope); to braid, plait (هـ s.th., the hair, etc.) II to braid, plait, (هـ s.th.) III to quarrel, wrangle, bicker (ه with s.o.); to argue, debate (ه with s.o.); to dispute, contest (فى s.th.) VI to quarrel, have an argument; to carry on a dispute

جدل jadal quarrel, argument; debate, dispute, discussion, controversy| فرض جدلا faraḍa jadalan to assume for the sake of argument, propose as a basis for discussion

جدلى jadalī controversial; disputatious; a disputant

جدال jaddāl and مجدال mijdāl disputatious, argumentative; mijdāl see also below

جديلة jadīla pl. جدائل jadā’il2 braid, plait; tress

مجدال mijdāl pl. مجادل majādil2 flagstone, ashlar; see also above under jaddāl

جدال jidāl and مجادلة mujādala pl. –āt quarrel, argument; dispute, discussion, debate| لا يقبل الجدال (yaqbalu) incontestable, indisputable; لا جدال lā jidāla and بلا جدال bi-lā j. incontestably, indisputably

مجدول majdūl tightly twisted; braided, plaited; interwoven, intertwined (tress of hair); slender and trim, shapely (e.g., leg)

مجادل mujādil disputant, opponent in dispute

2 جدول jadwal pl. جداول jadāwil2 creek, brook, little stream; column; list, roster; index; chart, table, schedule|جدول دراسى (dirāsī) curriculum; جدول البورصة stock list, خارج جدول البورصة (ḳārija) not quoted (stock exchange); جدول الاعمال agenda; working plan

جدا (جدو ) jadā u to give a present (على to s.o.) IV to give as a present (ب على s.o. s.th.), present (ب على s.o. with); to be of use, be useful, profitable|اجدى نفعا (naf‘an) to be useful; هذا لا يجديك that won’t help you, that will be of no use (to you); ما يجدى عنك هذا do.; لا يجدى فتيلا (fatīlan) = لا يغنى فتيلا see فتيل X to beg for alms; to implore, beg (هـ ه s.o. for s.th.), plead (هـ for s.th.)

جداء jadā’ advantage, gain (.r for s.o.)

جدوى jadwā gift, present; advantage, benefit, gain| بلا جدوى (bi-lā) and على غير جدوى (gairi) of no avail, useless, futile, in vain

اجدى ajdā more useful, more advantageous

جدى jady pl. جداء jidā’, جديان jidyān kid, young billy goat; Capricorn (astron.); الجدى the North Star

جذ jadda u (jadd) to cut off, clip (هـ s.th.)

جذاذة jadāda pl. -āt slip of paper; pl. جذاذات small pieces, shreds, scraps, clippings

جذب jadaba i (jadb) to pull, draw (هـ s.th.); to attract (هـ s.th.); to pull out, draw out, whip out (هـ s.th.), draw (هـ a weapon, or the like); to appeal, prove attractive (ه to s.o.), attract, captivate, charm, allure (ه s.o.), win (ه s.o.) over (اليه to one’s side) III to contend (ه with s.o.) at pulling, tugging, etc. (هـ s.th.)|جاذبه الحبل (ḥabla) to vie with s.o.; (to be able) to compete with s.o., measure up to s.o., be a match for s.o.; جاذبه الكلام or جاذبه حديثا or جاذبه اطراف الحديث (aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) he engaged him in conversation, involved him in a discussion; جاذبه اطراف الحضارة (aṯrāfa l-ḥaḍāra) to vie with s.o. in culture VI to pull back and forth (ه s.o.); to contend (ه, هـ for); to attract each other| تجاذبوا اطراف الحديث (aṯrāfa l-ḥ.) they were deep in conversstion, they were talking together VII to be attracted; to be drawn, gravitate (JI toward, to) VIII to attract (ه s.o., هـ s.th., اليه to o.s.; also magn.); to allure, entice (ه s.o.); to win (ه s.o.) over (اليه to one's side); to draw, inhale (هـ puffs from a cigarette, etc.)

جذب jadb attraction; gravitation; appeal, lure, enticement, captivation| اخذ جذبا to wrest away, take away by force; الجذب الجنسى (jinsī) sex appeal

جذاب jaddāb attractive; magnetic (fig.); suction, suctorial; winning, fetching, engaging; charming, enticing, captivating, gripping

اجذب ajdab2 more attractive, more captivating

انجذاب injidāb attraction, inclination, pronenesa, tendency

اجتذاب ijtidāb attraction; enticement, lure

جاذب jādib attractive; magnetic (fig.); winning, fetubing, engaging; charming, enticing, captivating, gripping

جاذبية jādibīya gravitation; attraction; attractiveness; charm, fascination; magnetism (fig.); lure, enticement|O جاذبية الثقل j. ataql gravitational force; جاذبية مغنطيسية (magnaṯisūya) magnetism; جاذبية الجنس j. al-jins sex appeal

مجذوب majdūb attracted; possessed, maniacal, insane; (pl. مجاذب majādib2) maniac, lunatic, madman, idiot|مستشفى المجاذيب mustašfā l-m. mental hospital

متجاذب mutajādib mutually attractive; belonging together, inseparable

منجذب munjadib attracted; inclined, tending (الى to)

جذر jadara u (jadr) to uproot, tear out by the roots (هـ s.th.) II do.; to extract the root (هـ of a number; math.); to take root

جذر jidr, jadr pl. جذور judūr root (also math.); stem, base, lower end; (pl. اجذار ajdār) stub (of a receipt book, or the like)| جذر تربيعى (tarbī‘ī) square root (math.)

جذرى jidrī, radical, roct (adj.)

تجذير tajdīr evolution, root extraction (math.)

جذع jada‘ pl. جذع jud‘ān young man, young fellow (cf. جدع gada‘); new, incipient| عادت الحرب جذعة (ḥarbu, jada‘atan) the war broke out again, started all over again; اعاد الامر جذعا (l-amra) he reopened the whole affair, he reverted to the earlier status

جذع jid‘ pl. اجذاع ajdā‘, جذوع judū‘ stem, trunk.; stump, tree stump; torso

جذعى jid‘ī truncal

جذف II to row (هـ a boat)

مجذاف mijdāf pl. مجاذف majādif2 oar

جذل jadala a (jadal) to be happy, gay, exuberant, rejoice IV to make happy, gladden, cheer (ه s.o.)

جذل jidl pl. اجذال ajdāl, جذول judūl stump (of a tree)

جذيل jadīl wooden post on which camels rub themselves

جذل jada1 gaiety, hilarity, exuberance, happiness

جذل jadil pl. جذلان judlān gay, hilarious, cheerful, in high spirits, exuberant, happy

جذلان jadlān2 gay, hilarious, cheerful, in high spirits, exuberaut, happy

جذم ijdama i (jadm) to out off, chop off (هـ s.th., esp. a part of the body); to remove, ta.ke out, excise (هـ e.g., the tonsils, the appendix; surg.); pass. judima to be afllicted with leprosy

جذم jidm pl. جذوم judūm, اجذام ajdām root

جذام judām leprosy

جذامة judāma stubble

اجذام ajdām2 pl. جذامى jadmā mutilated (from having an arm, a hand, etc., cut off); leprous; leper

مجذوم majdūm leprous; leper

جذمور judmur stump

جذوة jadwa, jidwa, judwa pl. جذى jidan, judan, جذاء jidā’ firebrand; burning log

جر jarra u (jarr) to draw, pull (هـ s.th.); to drag, tug, haul (هـ s.th.): to tow (هـ s.th.); to trail (هـ s.th.); to drag along (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to draw (على هـ s.th. on s.o.), bring (هـ s.th.) down (على upon s.o.); to lead (الى to), bring on, cause (الى s.th.); to entail (هـ e.g., some evil, على for s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant with i, put (a word) into tho genitive|جر جريرة (jarīratan) to commit an outrage, a crime (على against s.o.); جر قيودا (quyūdan) to be in shackles, go shackled; جر النار الى قرصه (qurṣihī) to secure advantages for o.s., feather one’s nest; لا يجر لسانه بكلمة (lisānahū bi-kalima) he won’t let a word escape his lips IV to ruminate VII passive of I; to be driven; to be swept along, drift, float| انجر الى الوراء (warā’i) to withdraw, fall back, give way VIII to ruminate| اجتر آلامه (ālāmahū) to mull over one’s grief

جر jarr pull(ing), drawing, draft.; traction, drag(ging), tugging, towage, hauling; bringing on, causing; genitive| حرف الجر ḥarf al-j. (gram.) preposition; وهلم جرا wa-halumma jarran and so forth

جرة jarra pl. جرار jirār (earthenware) jar

جرة jarra, jurra trail, track; rut (left by a wagon)| بجرة قلم bi-j. qalam with one stroke of the pen

جرة jirra cud (of a ruminant)

من جرى min jarrā because of| من جراك because of you, on your account, for your sake

من جراء min jarā’i because of, due to|من جراء أن because

جرار jarrār huge, tremendous (army); potter; (pl. -āt) tractor; tugboat, steam tug, towing launch

جارور jārūr pl. جوارير jawārīr2 (syr.) drawer (of a desk, etc.)

جارورة jārūra (leb.) rake (tool)

جريرة jarīr pl. جرائر jarā’ir2 guilt; offense, outrage, crime| من جريرة min jarīrati because of, on account of

جرارة jarrāra pl. -āt a variety of scorpion; tractor

مجر mijarr trace, tug (of a harness)

مجرة majarra galaxy

انجرارية injirārīya (eg.) towage charges for watercraft

مجرور majrūr drawn, dragged, towed, etc.; word governed by a preposition, word in the genitive form; (pl. مجارير magārir2) drain, sewer (eg.); مجارير sewers, sewage system (eg.)

مجتر mujtarr ruminant (adj. and n.)

جرؤ jaru’a u (جرأة jur’a, جراءة jarā’a) to dare, venture, risk, hazard (على s.th.), take the risk (على of, ان of doing s.th.), have the courage (على for s.th.) II to encourage (على ه s.o. to s.th.) V to dare, venture, risk. hazard (على s.th.) VIII to be venturesome, be daring; to become bold, make bold (على with s.o.); to venture (على s.th. or upon s.th.), have the audacity (على to do s.th.)

جرئ jarī’ pl. اجرياء ajriyā’2 bold, courageous (ب, على in s.th.); forward, immodest, insolent; daring, reckless, fool-bardy

جرأة jur’a and جراءة jarā’a courage, boldness, daring; forwardness, insolence

مجترئ mujtari’ bold, forward

جراج (Fr.) garāž pl. -āt garage (eg.)

جرام grām gram (eg.)

جرانيت granīt granite (eg.)

جرانيتى granītī granitic (eg.)

2 جرب jariba a (jarab) to be mangy; (eg.) to fade (color) II to test (هـ s.th.); to try, try out, essay (هـ s.th.); to sample (هـ s.th.); to rehearse, practice (هـ s.th.); to attempt (هـ s.th.); to put to the test, try, tempt (هـ s.o.)| جرب نفسه فى to try one’s hand at; جرب الايام (ayyāma) to gather experience

جرب jarab mange; itch, scabies

جرب jarib mangy; scabby

اجرب ajrab2, f. جرباء jarbā’2, pl. جرب jurb and جربان jarbān2 mangy; scabby

جراب jirāb pl. اجربة ajriba, جرب jurub sack, bag, traveling bag; knapsack; scrotum; covering, case; sheath, scabbard (for the sword)

جراب jurāb pl. -āt stocking, sock

جريب jarīb a patch of arable land

تجربة tajriba pl. تجارب tajārib2 trial, test; tryout; attempt; practice, rehearsal; scientific test, experiment; probation; trial, tribulation; temptation; experience, practice; proof sheet, galley proof, also تجربة مطبعية (maṯba‘īya)

تجريب tajrīb trial, test(ing); trial, tribulation; temptation

تجريبى tajrībī trial, test (adj.); experimental; based on experience, empirical|علم النفس التجريبى (‘ilm an-nafs) experimental psychology

O تجريبية tajrībīya empiricism (philos.)

مجرب mujarrib experimental; tester; examiner; tempter

مجرب mujarrab tried, tested; proven or establisbed by experience, time-tested, time-tried; experienced, practiced, seasoned; man of experience

2 جورب look up alphabeticaUy

جربذة jarbada = جربزة

جربز jurbuz pl. جرابزة jarābiza impostor, confidence man, swindler

جربزة jarbaza (also جربذة ) deception, swindle

جربوع jarbū‘ (= يربوع ) pl. جرابيع jarābī‘2 jerboa (zool.)

جربندية jarabandīya (and جرابندية ) knapsack, rucksack

جرثوم jurtūm, جرثومة jurtūma pl. جراثيم jarātīm2 root; origin; germ; microbe, bacillus, bacterium| تحت الجرثوم taḥt al-j. inframicrobe

جراج look up alphabetically

جرجر jarjara (جرجرة jarjara) to gargle; to jerk or pull back and forth; to trail, drag (هـ s.th.); to tow away (هـ s.th.)| جرجر خطاه (ḳuṯāhū) to drag one’s feet, shuffle along II tajarjara pass. and refl. of I

جرجرة jarara gargling; rombling noise; rumble, clatter (of a wagon)

جرجر jirjir (large, thick) beans

جرجير jirjīr watercress (eg., syr.)

جرح jaraḥa a (jarḥ to wound (ه s.o.); to injure, hurt (ه s.o.; also fig., the feelings) II to invalidate (هـ teatimony), challenge, declare unreliahle (ه a witness), take formal exception (ه, هـ to) VIII to commit (هـ an outrage, a crime)| اجترح السيآت (sayyi’āt) to do evil things

جرح jurḥ pl. جراح jirāḥ, جروح jurūḥ, جروحات jurūḥāt, اجراح ajrāḥ wound, injury, lesion

جراح jarrāḥ pl. -ūn surgeon|جراح الاسنان dental surgeon

جراحة jirāḥa surgery

جراحى jirāḥī surgical| عملية جراحية (‘amalīya) surgical operation

جريح jarīḥ pl. جرحى jarḥā wounded, injured, hurt

تجريح tajrīḥ surgery; defamation, disparagement

جارح jarīḥ injuring; wounding, stinging, painful, hurting; rapacious (beast), predatory

جارحة jāriḥa pl. جوارح jawāriḥ2 predatory animal or bird| جوارح الطير j. aṯ-ṯair predatory birds

جوارح jawāriḥ2 limbes, extremities (of the hody)| بكل جوارحه with might and main, with all his strength

مجروح majrūḥ pl. مجاريح majārīḥ2 wounded, injured, hurt

جرد jarada u (jard) to peel, pare (هـ s.th.); to remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (هـ of s.th.); to denude, diveet, strip, bare (هـ s.th.); (com.) to take stock; to make an inventory (البضائع of goods on hand) II to peel, pare (هـ s.th.); to remove the shell, peel, rind or husk (هـ of s.th.); to denude, divest, strip, dispossess, deprive (من هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. of); to withhold (من ه from s.o. s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (السيف the sword); to unleash (على هـ s.th. against s.o.); to send, dispatch (هـ a military detachment, troops, ضد or على against s.o.); to free (من هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. from); to isolate (هـ s.th.); to abstract (هـ s.th.); to divest (من ss.o. of his citizenship, of a rank, of a vested right, etc.)| جرده من السلاح to disarm s.o.; جرد نفسه من to free o.s. from, rid o.s. of, give up s.th. V pass. of II; to strip o.s., rid o.s., get rid (من or عن of), free o.s. (من or عن from); to be free (من or عن from, ل for a task); to devote o.s. exclusively (ل to s.th.); to give up, renounce (من or عن s.th.); to isolate o.s. ; to be absolute

جرد jard bare, threadbare, shabby, worn; (com.) inventory; stocktaking

جريد jarīd without vegetation, barren, bleak, stark (landscape)

اجراد ajrād2, f. جرداء jardā’2, pl. جرد jurd desolate, bleak, without vegetation; hairless, bald; threadbare shabby, worn (garment); open, unprotected (border)

جراد jarād (coll.; n. un. ة ) locust(s)| جراد الرحال (raḥḥāl) migratory locust(s); جراد البحر j. al-baḥr langouste, sea cray-fish; بجرادها bi-jarādihā in its entirety

جريد jarīd palm branches stripped of their leaves; jeered, a blunt javelin used in equestrian games

جريدة jarīda pl. جرائد jarā’id2 (n. un. of جريد ) palm-leaf stalk; list, register, roster, index; newspaper|جريدة يومية (yaumīya) daily newspaper; جرائد المساء j. al-masā’ the evening papers; الجريدة الناطقة and الجريدة السينمائية tho newsreel

اجرودى ajrūdī (syr.) beardless, hairless

مجرد mijrad pl. مجارد majārid2 scraper

تجريد tajrīd peeling. paring; disrobement, stripping; denudation; deprivation; divestment; disarmament; dispatching (of troops); freeing; isolation; abstraction|تجريد من السلاح disarmament

تجريدة tajrīda pl. -āt تجاريد tajārīd2 military detachment, expeditionary force

تجرد tajarrud freedom (من or عن from); isolatedness, isolation; independence, impartiality; absoluteness; abstractness, abstraction

مجرد mujarrad denuded, bare, naked; freed, free (من or عن from); pure, mere, nothing more than; sole; very, absolute; abstract; selfless, disinterested;1st stem of tbe verb (gram.)|with foll. noun in genitive = mere, sheer, nothing but:) مجرد لهو mujarradu lahwin mere play, just fun; بالعين المجردة with the naked eye; بمجرد ما bi-mujarradi mā as soon as, at the very moment when

جردل jardal pl. جرادل jaradil2 bucket, pail

جرذ jurad pl. جرذان jirdān, jurdān large rat

جرذون jirdaun pl. جراذين jarādīn2 large rat

1 جرس jarasa i (jars) to ring, toll, knell, (re)sound II to make experienced, inure by severe trials, sorely try (ه s.o.; time, events); to compromise, disgrace, discredit, expose, bring into dierepute (ب s.o.)

جرس jars, jirs sound, tone

جرس jaras pl. اجراس ajrās bell

جرسة jursa defamation, public exposure; scandal, disgrac

2 جرساية jirsāya, جرسية jirsīya pl. -āt jersey, woolen sweater; جرسى jersey cloth

جرش jaraša u (jarš) to crush (هـ s.th.); to grate, bruise, grind (هـ s.th.)

جرش jarš a grating, scraping noise

جريش jarīš crushed, bruised, coarsely ground; crushed grain; grits

جاروشة jārūša pl. جوارش jawarīš2 quern, hand mill (for grinding grain)

جرض jaraḍa a (jaraḍ): جرض بريقه (bi-rīqihī) he choked on his saliva, could not swallow his saliva (because of excitement, alarm, or grief), he was very upset, in a atate of great agitation, deeply moved; -- jaraḍa u (jarḍ) to choke, sulfocate (ه s.o.) IV اجرضه بريقه (cf. I) to alarm s.o., fill s.o. with apprehension

جريض jarīḍ: حال الجريض دون القريض ḥāla l.j. dūna l-qarīḍ (proverb; lit.: choking prevented poetry, i.e.) in the face of death one does not think of rhyming (among other interpretations)

جرع jara‘a a (jar‘) and jari‘a a (jara‘) to swallow, gulp, devour (هـ s.th.); to pour down, toss down (هـ a drink) II to make (ه s.o.) swallow (هـ s.th.); to gulp down V to drink (هـ s.th.) VIII to swallow, gulp down (هـ s.th.)

جرعة jur‘a, jar‘a pl. جرع jura‘, -āt gulp, mouthful, draught; potion, dose (med.)

جرف jarafa u (jarf) and VIII to sweep away (هـ s.th.); to wash away (هـ s.th.); to shovel away (هـ s.th.); to remove (هـ s.th.); to tear away, carry off (هـ s.th.); to carry along (هـ or ه s.o. or s.th.) VII to be swept away, be carried away

جرف jurf, juruf pl. جروف jurūf, اجراف ajrāf undercut bank or shore; clilf, steep slope, precipice; bluff (along a river or coast)| جرف جليدي (jalīdī) avalanche

جرافة jarrāfa pl. -āt, جراريف jarārīf 2 rake; harrow

مجرف majraf pl. مجارف majārif2 torrent, .trong current

مجرفة mijrafa shovel, scoop; (syr.) mattock; trowel

مجراف mijrāf pl. مجارف majārīf2 shovel, scoop

جارف jārif torrential (stream, mountain creek); stormy, violent (emotions, passions)

الجركس al-jarkas the Circassians

جركسى jarkasī pl. جراكسة jarākisa circassian (adj. and n.)

جرم jarama i (jarm) to sone (الحم al-laḥma the meat); -- to commit an offense, a crime, an outrage (على or الى against s.o.), sin (على or الى against s.o.), injure, harm, wrong (على or الى s.o.) II to incriminate, charge with a crime (ه s.o.; syr.) IV to commit a crime, to sin (على or الى against s.o.), do wrong (على or الى to s.o.), harm, wrong (على or الى s.o.) VIII = IV

جرم garm pl. جروم gurūm (eg.) long, flat-bottomed sarge, lighter (naut.)

جرم jirm pl. اجرام ajrām, جرم jurum body; mass, sulk, volume (of a body)| الاجرام الفلكية (falakīya) the celestial bodies

جرم iunn pl. اجرام ajrām, جروم jurūm offense, crime, sin

لا جرم lā jarama surely, certainly, of course

جريم jarīm hulking, bulky, huge, voluminous, of great size

جريمة jarīma pl. جرائم jarā’im2 crime; offense; sin|( عظمى or) جريمة كبرى (kubrā, uẓma) capital offense; قانون الجرائم penal code

اجرام ijrām crime; culpability, delinquency

اجرامى ijrāmī criminal

لحم مجروم laḥm majrūm fillet (meat)

سنة مجرمة sana mujarrama an entire year

مجرم mujrim criminal; (pl. -ūn) a criminal; evildoer, culprit, delinquent|مجرم عائد recidivous criminal

جرامز jarāmiz2 and جراميز jarāmīz2 limbs, legs| ضم جراميزه (ḍamma) he beat it, he made off

الجرمان al-jarmān the Germanic tribes, the Teutons

جرمانى jarmānī Germanic, Teutonic

1 جرن jurn pl. اجران ajrān (stone) basin; mortar; (eg.) threshing floor, barn| جرن المعمودية j. al-ma‘mūdīya baptismal font

2 جران jirān the front part of a camel’s neck|ضرب بجرانه to become established, take root; القى عليه جرانه (alqā, jirānahū) to apply o.s. to s.th. and adjust to it, accustom o.s. to s.th.

جرنال jurnāl (eg. also gurnāl) pl. جرانيل žarānīl2 (eg., garānīl2) journal, newspaper, periodical

جرانيت granīt granite

جرانيتى grānītī granitic

جرو jarw (jirw, jurw) pl. اجر ajrin, جراء jirā’, اجراء ajrā’, اجرية ajriya puppy, whelp, cub (of a dog or beast of prey)

جروسة grōsa gross (= 12 dozen)

جرى jarā i (jary) to flow, stream (water); to run; to hurry, rush; to slow (wind); to take place, come to pass, happen, occur; to be under way, be in progress, be going on (work); to befall (ل s.o.), happen (ل to); to be in circulation, circulate, be current; to wend one’s way (الى to), head (على for); to proceed (على in accordance with); to follow (مع s.th.), yield, give way (مع to, e.g., to a desire); to entail (ب s.th.); (with وراء ) to run or be after s.th., seek to get s.th.| جرى له حديث مع he had a talk with; جرى مجراه (majrāhū) to take the same course as, be analogous to, follow the same way as, proceed or act in the same manner as; جرى منه الشيء مجرى الدم (minhu š-šai’u majrā d-dam) it had become second nature to him; جرى على الالسن (alsun) to circulate, make the rounds (rumor); جرى على كل لسان to be on everyone’s lip; جرى على قلمه (qalamihī) to come to s.o.’s pen (e.g, a poem); جرى على خطة (ḳiṯṯa) to follow a plan; ما يجرى عليه العمل (‘amalu) the way things are handled, what is customary practice; جرى به العمل to be in force, be valid, be commonly observed (law, custom); جرت العادة ب to be customary, be common practice, be a common phenomenon, have gained vogue; جرى بالعادة على to do s.th. customarily, se in the habit of doing s.th.; جرت بذلك عادتهم that was their habit II to cause to run|جرى ريقه (rīqahū) to make s.o.’s mouth water III to concur, agree, be in agreement (ه with s.o., فى in s.th.); to keep pace, keep up (ه with s.o.; also intellectually); to be able to follow (ه s.o.); to go (along) (هـ with); to adapt o.s. adjust, conform (هـ to), be guided (هـ by) IV to cause to flow, make flow (هـ s.th.); to cause to run, set running (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) take place or happen, bring about (هـ s.th.); to carry out, execute, enforce, put into effect, apply (هـ s.th., e.g., rules, regulations); to carry out, perform (هـ an action); to Set going, set in motion (هـ a project), launch (هـ an undertaking); to channel (على or ل هـ s.th. to), bestow, settle (على or ل هـ s.th. upon s.o.); to impose, inflict (على هـ s.th., a penalty, on s.o.)| اجرى تجربة (tajribatan) to carry out an experiment; اجرى تحقيقا to conduct an investigation; اجرى له اعانة (i‘ānatan) to grant s.o. a subsidy; اجراه مجرى (majrā, with foll. genitive) to treat s.th. in the same manner as, put s.th. on equal footing with

جرى jary course|جريا على jaryan ‘alā in accordance with, according to

جراك min jarāka and min jarā’ika because of you, on your account, for your sake

جراء jarrā’ runner, racer

جراية jirāya pl. -āt daily (food) rations; pay, salary|عيش جراية ‘ēš girāya (eg.) coarse bread

جريان jarayāan flow, flux; course; stream

مجرى majra.. pl. مجار majārin watercourse, stream, rivulet, gully; torrent or flood of water; pipeline; canal, channel; drain, sewer, pl. sewers, sewage system; power line (el.); current (el.); current (of a stream); guide rail (tech.); course (of events), progress, passage|مجرى البول m. l-baul urethra (anat.); مجارى التنفس m. t-tanaffus respiratory tract (anat.); مجرى الهواء m. l-hawā’ air stream, current of air, draft; اخذ مجراه to take its course; See also جرى I and IV

ماجريات mājarayāt, mājariyāt (pl. of ما جرى ) (course of) events, happenings

مجاراة mujārāh keeping up (with foll. genitive: with); conformity (with foll. genitive: with)| مجاراة ل mujārātan li in conformity with, in accordance with, according to

اجراء ijrā’ pl. -āt performance (of an action); execution; enforcement; pl. measures, steps, proceedings| اتخذ اجراءات (ittaḳada) to take measures; اجراءات قانونية (qānūnīya) legal step, proceedings at law

جار jārin flowing, streaming, running; circulating; current, present| الشهر الجارى (šahr) the current month

جارية jāriya pl. –āt, جوار jawārin girl; slave girl; maid, servant; ship, vessel

جز jazza u (jazz) to cut off, clip (هـ s.th.); to shear, shear off (هـ s.th.; esp. the wool of sheep)

جزة jizza pl. جزز jizaz, جزائز jazā’iz2 shorn wool, fleece, slip

جزازة juzāza pl. -āt slip of paper; label, tag

جزاز jazzāz pl. –ūn shearer, woolshearer

مجز mijazz woolshears

جزأ jaza’a a and VIII to be content, content o.s. (ب with) II to divide, part, separate, break up, cut up, partition (هـ s.th.) V to divide, break up, be or become divided; to be separated, be detached, be partitioned off; to be divisible, separable (عن from)

جزء juz’ pl. اجزاء ajzā’ part, portion; constituent, component; fraction; division; section; the 30th part of the Koran (= 2 ḥizb)

جزئى juz’ī partial; minor, trivial, insignificant, unimportant; (jur.) minor, petty; جزئيا juz’īyan partly; جزئيات juz’īyāt details, particulars; trivialities; subordinate partly; divisions, sections (e.g., of a court of justice)| مواد جزئية (mawādd) petty cases (jur.); جنح جزئية (junaḥ) summary delicts (jur.); محاكم جزئية courts of summary justice; نيابة جزئية (niyāba) parquet of a summary court; حادثة جزئية minor incident; تسوية جزئية (taswiya) part payment; الجزئيات والكليات (kullīyāt) the particular and general aspects, the minor and the major issues

جزيء juzai’ pl. -āt molecule

اجزائى ajzā’ī pl. -ūn pharmacist, druggist

اجزاجى ajzājī pl. -īya pharmacist, druggist

اجزائية ajzā’īya and اجزاخانة ajzāḳāna pl. -āt pharmacy, drugstore

تجزئة tajzi’a division; partition; separation; dissociation; breakdown (into classes, categories, etc.); fragmentation| قابل للتجزئة divisisle; قابلية التجزئة divisibility; تاجر التجزئة retailer, retail merchant

جزدان juzdān, jidān pl. -āt wallet; change purse

جزر jazara u (jazr) to slaughter; to kill, butcher (هـ an animal); -- i u (jazr) to sink, fall, drop, ebb (water)

جزر jazr slaughter; butchering; ebb (of the sea)

جزرة jazra blood sacrifice

جزور jazūr pl. جزر juzur slaughter camel

جزار jazzār pl. ة , -ūn butcher

جزيرة jazīra pl. جزائر jazā’ir2, جزر juzur island| شبه جزيرة šibhu j. peninsula; الجزيرة Al Jazira, (Northwest) Mesopotemia; الجزائر Algeria; Algiers; جزيرة العرب j. al-‘arab Arabia, the Arabian Peninsula; الجزائر الخالدات (ḳālidāt) the Canary Islands; الجزيرة الخضراء (ḳaḍrā’) Algeciras (seaport in SW Spain)

جزرى jazarī insular; (pl. -ūn) islander

جزائرى jazā’rī pl. -ūn Algerian (adj. and n.); islander

مجزر majzar pl. مجازر majāzir2 slaughterhouse, abattoir; butchery

مجزرة majzara pl. مجازر majāzir2 butchery; massacre, carnage

2 جزر jazar (coll.; n. un. ة ) carrot(s)

جزع jazi‘a a (jaza‘, جزع juzū‘) to be or become anxious, worried, concerned; to be sad, unhappy (من about); to feel regret (على for s.o.), pity (على s.o.); to mourn (j. for s.o.) V to break apart, break, snap

جزع jaz‘ onyx

جزع juz’ axle; shaft (techn.)

جزع jaza‘ anxiety, uneasiness, apprehension, concern; anguish, fear; sadness

جزع jazi‘ restless, impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy, apprehensive

جزع jazū‘ and جازع jāzi‘ restless; impatient; anxious, worried, uneasy, apprehensive

مجزع mujazza‘ marbled, veined; variegated, dappled

جزف III to act at random, blindly, Indiscriminately, take a chance; to speculate (fin.); to speak vaguely, in general terms; to risk, stake (ب s.th.)| جازف بنفسه to risk one’s life; جازف به فى to plunge s.o. into (some adventure)

جزاف juzāf purchase of a certain amount of things (Isl. Law); جزافا juzāfan at random, haphazardly

مجازفة mujāzafa rashness, recklessness, foolhardiness; risk, hazard; adventure, venture

مجازف mujāzif rash, reckless, foolhardy; adventurous; venturesome

2 جزل jazūla u to be considerable, abundant, plentiful IV اجزل له العطاء (‘aṯā’) to give generously, openhandedly, liberally to s.o. VIII to write shorthand

جزل jazl and جزيل jazīl pl. جزال jizāl abundant, plentiful, ample, much; pure, lucid, eloquent (style)| جزل الرأي of sound, unerring judgment; شكره شكرا جزيلا šakarahū šukran jazīlan he thanked him profusely; شكرا جزيلا many thanks!

جزل jizla piece, slice

جزالة jazāla profusion, abundance; (rhet.) purity (of style)

مجتزل mujtazil stenographer

1 جوزل look up alphabetically

2 جزلان juzlān = جزدان

1 جزم jawma i (jazm) to cut off, cut short, clip (هـ s.th.); to judge; to decide. Settle (هـ s.th.); to be positive (ب about), be absolutely certain (ب of s.th.); to assert authoritatively (ب s.th.); to make up one's mind, decide, resolve (على to do s.th.); to impose, make incumbent (على هـ s.th. on s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant (of a word) without a vowel; to put (هـ a verb) into the apocopate form or the imperative

جزم jazm cutting off, clipping; decision; resolution, resolve; apodictic judgment; (gram.) apocopate form| علامة الجزم ‘alāmat al-j. = jazma

جزمة jazma diacritical mark (o) indicating vowellessness of a final consonant

جازم jāzim decisive; peremptory, definite, definitive, final; firmly convinced, absolutely certain (ب of s.th.); (pl. جوازم jawāzim2) governing the apocopate form (gram.)

مجزوم majzūm cut off. cut short, clipped; decided. settled; (gram.) vowelless (final consonant); in the apocopate form

منجزم munjazim (gram.) in the apocopate form

2 جزمة jazma pl. –āt, جزم jizam (pair of) shoes (pair of) boots| جزمة برباط (bi-ribāṯ) laced soots; جزمة لماعة (lammā‘a) patent-leather shoes

جزمجى gazmagī (eg.) and جزماتى gizamātī (eg.), jazmātī (syr.) pl. -īya shoemaker

جزى jazā i (جزاء iazii') to requite, recompense (ه s.o., ب or على for), repay (ه to s.o., ب or على s.th.); to reward (ه s.o., ب or على for); to punish (ه s.o., ب or على for); to satisfy (ه s.o.), give satisfaction (ه to s.o.); to compensate, make up (ب هـ for s.th. with or by); to compensate, offset (عن s.th.)| جزاك الله خيرا (ḳairan) may God bless you for it!; جزاه جزاء سنمار (jazā’a sinimmāra) he returned to him good for evil III to repay, requite (ب هـ s.th. with, ب ه s.o. for), recompense (ب ه s.o. for); to reward (على or ب ه s.o. for); to punish (على or ب ه s.o. for)| جزاهم خيرا (ḳairan) he invoked God’s reward upon them IV to suffice (ه s.o.), do for s.o. (ه ); to take the place, serve instead (عن of), replace (عن s.th.)

جزاء jazā’ requital, repayment; recompense, return; compensation, setoff; amends, reparation; punishment, penalty| جزاء نقدي (naqdī) fine

جزائى jazā’ī penal

جزية jizya pl. جزى jizan, جزاء jizā’ tax; tribute; head tax on free non-Muslims under Muslim rule

تجزية tajziya reward

مجازاة mujāzāh requital, repayment; punishment

جس jassa u (jass, مجسة majassa) to touch, feel, handle (هـ s.th.); to palpate, examine by touch (هـ s.th.); to test, sound, probe (هـ s.th.); to try to gain information (هـ about), try to find out (هـ s.th.); to spy out (هـ s.th.)| جس نبضه (nabḍahū) to feel s.o.’s pulse, (fig.) جس نبض الشيء to probe, sound out, try to find out s.th. V to try to gain information (هـ about), try to find out (هـ s.th.); to reconnoiter, scout, explore (هـ s.th.); to be a spy, engage in espionage; to spy, pry, snoop (على on s.o.)| تجسس له اخبارا (aḳbāran) to gather information for s.o., spy for s.o. VIII to touch, feel, handle (هـ s.th.); to spy out (هـ s.th.)

جس jass: طرى الجس ṯarīy al-j. delicate to the touch, having a tender surface, fresh

جاسوس jāsūs pl. جواسيس jawāsīs2 spy

جاسوسة jāsūsa woman spy

جاسوسى jāsūsī of espionage, spy- (in compounds)

جاسوسية jāsūsīya spying, espionage

جوسسة jausasa spying, espionage

مجس majass spot which one touches or feels; sense of touch| خشن المجس ḳašin al-m. coarse to the touch, having a rough surface

مجس mijass probe (med.)

تجسس tajassus spying, espionage

جاسئ jāsi’ hard, rough, rugged

جسد II to make corporeal, invest with a body, embody, incarnate (هـ s.th.), give concrete form (هـ to s.th.); to render or represent in corporeal form (هـ s.th.) V to become corporeal, assume concrete form, materialize; to become incarnate (Chr.); to become three-dimensional

جسد jasad pl. اجساد ajsād body| عيد الجسد ‘īd al-j. and خميس الجسد Corpus Christi Day (Chr.)

جسدى jasadī bodily, fleshly, carnal

جسدانى jusdānī bodily

تجسد taia.snul materialization; incar·

nation (OM.)

مجسد mujassad embodied, corporified

متجسد mutajassid corporeal; incarnate (Chr)

جسر jasara u to span, cross, traverse (هـ s.th.); (جسارة jasāra, جسور jusūr) to venture, risk (على s.th.), have the courage (على to do s.th.) II to build a dam or dike; to embolden, encourage (هـ s.o., على to do s.th.) VI to dare, venture, risk (على s.th.), have the audacity (على to do s.th.); to be sold, forward, insolent, impudent (على with s.o.) VIII to span, cross, traverse (هـ s.th.)

جسر jisr pl. اجسر ajsur, جسور jusūr bridge; dam, dike, embankment, levee; -- (pl. جسورة jusūra) beam, girder; axle, axletree| جسر متحرك (muḥarrik) movable bridge; جسر معلق (mu‘allaq) suspension bridge; جسر عائم pontoon bridge, floating bridge

جسور jasār sold, daring; forward, insolent, impudent

جسارة jasāra boldness, recklessness, intrepidity; forwardness, insolence

تجاسر tajāsur boldness, recklessness, intrepidity; forwardness, insolence

متجاسر mutajāsir bold, daring; forward, insolent, impudent

جسطن see جصطن

جسم jasuma u (جسامة jasāma) to be great. Big, large. bulky. huge. immense II to make corporeal. invest with a body (هـ s.th.), give (هـ s.th.) shape or form; to materialize (هـ s.th.); to cause to stand out. bring out (هـ s.th.); to enlarge, magnify (هـ s.th.; e.g., microscope); to make big, bulky, huge (هـ s.th.); to play up, exaggerate (هـ s.th.) V to become corporeal, become embodied; to materialize; to assume a form, take shape, become tangible or concrete; to be materialized; to become big, large, huge, increase in volume, grow in size

جسم pl. اجسام ajsām, جسوم jusūm body (also O of an automobile); substance, matter; mass; form, shape

جسمى iiaa1 bodily, physical; substantial, material

جسيم jasīm pl. جسام great, big, large; voluminous, bulky, huge; vast, immense; stout, corpulent; weighty, most significant, momentous, prodigious

جسيم jusaim pl. -āt particle (phys.); corpuscle (biol.)

اجسم ajsam2 more voluminous, larger; stouter, more corpulent

جسم jasāma size, volume; stoutness, corpulence

جسمان jusmān body, mass

جسمانى jusmānī bodily, physical. Corporal|التأديب الجسمانى corporal punishment

تجسيم tajsīm embodiment; relief; enlargement, magnification, magnifying power

جسم mujassam bodily, corporeal; (math.) body; three-dimensional; tangible, material, concrete; raised, relieflike, standing out in relief (e.g., خريطة مجسمة relief map); relief; enlarged. Magnified| فلم مجسم (film) three-dimensional (stereoscopic) film, 3-D motion picture

جسمانية jasmānīya2 Gethseman

جسا (جسو ) jasā u to become hard, solid

جش jašša u (jašš) to grind, crush, bruise, grate (هـ s.th.)

جش jušša hoarseness, huskiness, raucity (of the voice)

جشيش jašīš ground, grated, crushed

اجش ajašš2, f. جشاء jaššā’2 hoarse, husky, raucous (voice)

جشأ II and V to belch, burp

جشاء jušā’ and جشأة jaš’a belch(ing), burp(ing)

جشار jušār livestock

جشع jaši‘a a (jaša‘) and V to be covetous, greedy

جشع jaša‘ greed, avidity, inordinate desire

جشع jaši‘ greedy, covetous

جشم jašāma a (jašm, جشامة jašāma) to take upon o.s. (هـ some hardship) II to make (ه s.o.) suffer or undergo (هـ s.th.); to impose (هـ ه on s.o. s.th. difficult), burden (هـ ه s.o. with s.th.) V to take upon o.s., suffer, undergo (هـ s.th., e.g., hardships)

جشنى (eg., cf. ششنى šišnī) sample, specimen; sampling

جص II to plaster, whitewash (هـ s.th.)

جص jiṣṣ gypsum; plaster of Paris

جصطن II tajaṣṯana to lounge, stretch lazily, loll

جعة ji‘a beer

جعب II to corrugate (هـ s.th.)

جعبة ja‘ba pl. جعاب ji‘āb quiver; tube, pipe; gun barrel; o cartridge pouch (Syr.)| جعبة اخبار j. aḳbār town gossip (person)

جعجع ja‘ja‘a (جعجع ja‘ja‘a) to clamor, roar, shout; to clatter, clap; to bluster, explode in anger

جعجعة ja‘ja‘a hubbub, rumpus, clamor, roar; creak, clapping noise (of a mill wheel); bluster

جعجاع ja‘jā‘ clamorous, boisterous, noisy; bawler, loud-mouthed person

جعد ja‘uda a (جعودة ju‘ūda, جعادة ja‘āda) and V to become curly, frizzed, kinky, curl (hair); to be wavy; to be creased; to be wrinkled II to curl, frizz (هـ s.th.; the hair); to wave (هـ s.th.; the hair); to crease, pleat, plait (هـ cloth); to wrinkle (هـ the skin)

جعد ja‘d (or جعد اليد j. al-yad, جعد الكف j. al-kaff) stingy, niggardly, tightfisted

جعدة ja‘da curl, lock, ringlet

جعدى ja‘dī and اجعد aj‘ad2 curly

جعيدى gə‘īdī (eg.) bum, loafer, good-for-nothing

تجاعيد tajā‘īd2 wrinkles, lines (of the face)

تجعدات taja‘‘udāt wrinkles

مجعد muja‘‘ad curled, frizzed; wavy; furrowed, creased; wrinkled

متجعد mutaja‘‘id curled, frizzed; wavy; furrowed, creased; wrinkled

جعدنة ja‘dana idle talk, gossip (leb.)

جعر ja‘ara a (ja‘r) to drop its manure (animal)

ابو جعران abū ji‘rān2 scarabaeus; dung beetle

جعفر ja‘far little river, creek

جعل ja‘ala a (ja‘l) to make (هـ s.th.); to put, place, lay (هـ s.th.); to create (هـ s.th.); to effect, bring about (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ هـ s.th. a rule, a principle, or the like, ه ه s.o., e.g., leader, king, etc.), appoint (ه ه s.o. to an office, rank, or the like); to fix, set (هـ هـ a sum, a price, at); to think, deem, believe (ب ه or ه ه s.o. to be …, هـ هـ s.th. to be ...), take (ب ه or ه ه s.o. for, هـ هـ s.th. for); to represent (هـ s.th., فى صورة as, or in the form of, s.th. else); to appoint, settle (ل هـ s.th. for s.o., in s.o.’s favor); to give, grant, concede (ل هـ s.th., an advantage, to s.o.), put s.o. (ل ) in the way of s.th. (هـ ); to attribute (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.), maintain that s.th. (هـ ) belong. to s.o. (ل ); to entrust (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to put, get (ه s.o., هـ s.th., into a specific state or condition); (with foll. imperf.) to begin to, set out to|جعله يفعل to induce s.o. to do; to make s.o. do s.th. (in a narrative); جعله بمننزلة (bi-manzilati) to place s.o. on equal footing with; جعله فى متناول يده (fī mutanāwali yadihī) to bring or put s.th. within s.o.’s reach III to seek to bribe, try to win (ب ه s.o. with s.th.)

جعل ju‘l pl. اجعال aj‘āl pay, wages; piece wages; reward, prize

جعلى ju‘līi: اتفاق جعلى (ittifāq) piece-work contract

جعل ju‘al pl. جعلان ji‘lān dung beetle; scarabaeus

جعالة ji‘āla, ja‘āla, ju‘āla pl. جعائل ja‘āil2 pay, wages; allowance; reward, prize: bribe

جغرافيا jugrāfiyā and جغرافية jugrāfīya geography|جغرافية طبيعية (ṯabī‘īya) physical geography

جغرافي jugrāfī geographical; geographer

جف jaffa (1st pers. perf. jafaftu) i (جفاف jafāf, جفوف jufūf) to dry, become dry; to dry out II to dry, make dry (هـ s.th.)

جفاف jafāf dryness; desiccation; drying up; dullness

تجفاف tajfāf pl. تجافيف tajāfīf2 protective armor

تجفيف tajfīf drying; desiccation; dehydration; drainage

جاف jāff dry| قلم حبر جاف (qalam ḥibr) ball-point pen

مجفف mujaffaf dried, desiccated, dehydrated; مجففات dehydrated foods

جفاء jufā’ useless, vain, futile| ذهب جفاء dahaba jufā’an to be in vain, be of no avail, pass uselessly

جفت jift, ﭽفت čift (pronounced šift; eg.) pincers, tweezers; metal clamp| جفت شريان j. šaryān arterial clamps

ﭽفتشى (pronounced šiftišī; eg.) filigree

جفتلك jiftlik farm, country estate; government land (Pal.)

جفر jafr, علم الجفر ‘ilm al-j. divination, fortunetelling

جفرة jufra pl. جفر jufar pit, hole

جفل jafala i u (jafl, جفول jufūl) and IV to start, jump with fright; to shy (horse) II to start, rouse (هـ s.th., .s.o.); to scare away (ه s.o.)

جفل jafl and جفول jufūl fright, alarm; shying

ﭽفلك (pronounced šiflik; eg.) = جفتلك

جفن pl. جفون jufūn, اجفان ajfān eyelid

جفنة jafna pl. جفان jifān, جفنات jafanāt bowl; grapsvine

(جفو) جفا jafā u (jafw, جفاء jafā’) to be rough, coarse; to treat (ه s.o.) roughly, harshly; to turn away (. from), shun, avoid, flee (ه s.o.) III to treat (ه s.o.) roughly, rudely, harshly; to be cruel (ه to s.o.); to be cross (ه with s.o.); to elude, flee (ه s.o.; slumber); to offend (هـ against good taste, one’s sense of honor, or the like) VI to withdraw (عن from), shun, avoid (ه s.o.); to loathe (عن s.o., s.th.), have an aversion (عن to); to display rude manners, act the ruffian

جفو jafw roughness, harshness

جفوة jafwa roughness; estrangement, alienation; disagreement, dissension, quarrel

جفاء jafā’ roughness; harshness; sternness; antipathy, aversion, distaste, loathing; estrangement, alienation

اجفى ajfā refraining even more (ل from), more averse (ل to s.th.)

جاف jāfin pl. جفاة jufāh harsh, rough, coarse; brutish, uncouth, rude

جاكتة look up alphabetically

جكر III (syr.) to tease (ه s.o.)

1 جل jalla i (جلال jalāl) to be great, lofty, exalted, illustrious, sublime; to be too great (عن for), be beyond s.th. (عن ), be far above s.th. (عن)| جل عن الحصر (‘an il-ḥaṣr) to be innumerable II to honor, dignify, exalt (ه s.o.); to cover (هـ s.th., esp. the ground, as snow, plants, etc.); to envelop, wrap, drape, clothe; to border, edge (هـ s.th., ب with) IV to honor, dignify, revere, venerate, esteem highly, exalt (ه s.o.); to deem too high, too exalted (عن for s.th.), consider far beyond s.th. (عن ) VI to deem o.s. far above s.th. (عن ) X to be great, exalted, sublime

جل great, outstanding; bulky

جل jull major portion, bulk, majority, main part|جله julluhū most of it; جل الامة j. al-umma the majority of the people; جل ما فيه its main contents; وجل ما يقال انه (jullu) that much, at least, can be said that ...

جلل jalal important, significant, momentous, weighty

جلى jullā pl. جلل julal matter of great importance, momentous undertaking, great feat, exploit

جلة julla, jilla droppings, dung (of animals); julla pl. جلل julal (cannon) ban; bomb

جلة julla attire, clothing| الجلة الجبروتية (الكهنوتية ) (ḥabrawīya, kahnūtīya) Episcopal (sacerdotal) vestments (Chr.)

جليل jalīl pl. اجلاء ajillā’2, اجلة ajilla, جلائل jalā’il2 great, important, significant, weighty, momentous; lofty, exalted, sublime; revered, honorable, venerable; glorious, splendid

جلال jalāl loftiness, sublimity, augustness; splendor, glory

جلالة jalāla loftiness, sublimity, augustness; majeoty| صاحب (صاحبة) الجلالة His (Her) Majesty, جلالة الملك j. al-malik His Majesty, the King

اجل ajall2 greater; more sublime; more splendid

مجلة majalla pl. -āt periodical; review, magazine| مجلة اسبوعية (usbū‘īya) weekly magazine; مجلة شهرية (šahrīya) monthly publication; مجلة خاصة ب (ḳāṣṣa) professional journal for a. ; مجلة الاحكام lawbook, code; مجلة القوانين do.

تجلة tajilla and اجلال ijlāl honor, distinction; esteem, deference, respect; reverence

2 جل jull rose

جلاب julāb, jullāb rose water; julep

جلاتين (Fr. gélatine) želātīn jelly

جلاسية (Fr. glacé) glasēh (eg.) kid leather

1 جلب jalaba i u (jalb) to attract (هـ s.th.); to fetch, get, bring (هـ s.th., ل to s.o.); to import (هـ goods); to bring about (هـ a state, condition); to bring (هـ harm, shame, etc., على upon s.o.); to gain, win, obtain (هـ s.th.); to earn (هـ s.th.); (جلوب julūb) to scar over, heal (wound) II to shout, clamor; to be noisy, boisterous IV to earn, gain, acquire (هـ s.th.); = II; VII pass. of I VIII to procure, bring, fetch, get (هـ s.th.); to draw (هـ on s.th.); to import (هـ goods) X to import (هـ goods); to fetch, summon, call in (ه s.o.); to attract, draw (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to seek to attract or win (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to get, procure (هـ s.th.)

جلب jalb bringing, fetching; procurement; acquisition; importation, import; causation, bringing on, bringing about

جلب jalab imported; foreign

جلب jalab and جلبة jalaba clamor; uproar, tumult, turmoil

جلبة julba scar

جليب jalīb imported, foreign; (pl. جلبى jalbā, جلباء julabā’2) foreign slave

جلاب jallāb attractive, captivating; importer, trader; see also alphabetically| جلاب العبيد slave trader

جلابية gallābīya (eg.) pl. -at, جلاليب galālīb2 galabia, a loose, shirtlike garment, the common dreao of the male population in Egypt

جلباب below under جلبب

جلب ajlab2 more attractive, more captivating

مجلبة majlaba pl. مجالب majālib2 causative factor, motive, reason, cause, occasion

استجلاب istijlāb procurement, acquisition; importation, import; supply; attraction| استجلاب السائحين promotion of tourist traffic

جالب jālib causative factor, motive, reason, cause, occasion

2 جلاب julāb, jullāb rose water; julep

3 جلبا jalabā jalap (bot.)

جلبب II tajalbaba to clothe o.s. (ب with), be clothed, be clad (ب in a garment, also fig.)

جلباب jilbāb pl. جلابيب jalābīb2 garment, dress, gown; woman's dress

جلبان julubbān chickling vetch, grass pea (Lathyrus sativua)

1 جلجل jaljala to reverberate; to resound, ring out; to rattle; to shake (هـ s.th.)

جلجل juljul pl. جلاجل jalājil2 (little) bell, sleigh bell; cowbell; jingle

جلجلة jaljala sound of a bell; loud, shrill sound

مجلجل mujaljil shrill, piercing; ringing, resounding, reverberant

2 جلجلة juljula, جبل الجلجلة jabal al-j. Golgotha

3 جلجلان juljulān, jiljilān sesame

جلح jaliḥa a (jalaḥ) to be or become bald

اجلح ajlaḥ2, f. جلحاء jalḥā’2, pl. جلح julḥ bald-headed, bald

جلخ jalaḳa a and II to sharpen (هـ s.th.); to whet, hone (هـ a knife), strop (هـ a razor); to stretch, extend, roll out (هـ metal)

جلخ jalḳ grindstone, whetetone, hone

جلد jalada i (jald) to whip, flog, lash (ه s.o.); -- jalida a to be frozen, freeze; -- jaluda u to be tough, hardy, undismayed, steadfast, patient II to bind (هـ a book); (to cause) to freeze (هـ s.th.) III to fight (ه s.o.) IV to freeze; to be frozen, be covered with ice V to take heart; to show o.s. tough, hardy, robust; to resign o.s. to patience; to bear, suffer VI to engage in a sword fight

جلد jald flogging; -- (pl. اجلاد ajlād) staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy

جلد jild pl. جلود julūd, اجلاد ajlād skin, hide; leather| جلد سختيان (suḳtiyān) morocco; جلد لماع (lammā‘) patent leather

جلدة jilda skin, hide; piece of leather; race| ابن جلدتنا ibn jildatinā our countryman, our fellow tribesman, pl. بنو جلدتنا banū j.

جلدى jildī dermal, cutaneous, skin (adj.)| امراض جلدية skin diseases

جليدة julaida pl. -āt membrane, pellicle; O film (phot.)

جلد jalad enduranos; suffering; patience; firmament

جلدة jalda lash, stroke with a whip

جليد jalīd pl. جلداء juladā’2 staunch, steadfast; strong, sturdy

جليد jalīd ice| جبل جليد jabal j. iceberg; قطعة من الجليد (qiṯ‘a) ice floe

جليدى jalīdī icy, ice-covered, glacial, ice (adj.); snow-covered| العصر الجليدى (‘aṣr) the Ice Age

جلود jalūd long-suffering, patient

جلاد jallād pl. -ūn leather merchant; executioner, hangman

جلادة jalāda and جلودة julūda endurance, patience

مجلدة mijlada whip, lash, scourge

تجليد tajlīd freezing; bookbinding

جلاد jilād fight, battle (against)

تجلد tajallud endurance, patience

مجلد mujallid: مجلد الكتب m. al-kutub bookbinder

مجلد mujallad frozen, icy, ice-covered; bound (book); (pl. -āt) volume (book)

مجالد mujālid pl. -ūn gladiator

متجلد mutajallid patient

جلمز jillauz (coll.; n. un. ة ) hazelnut; hazel

جلس jalasa i (جلوس julūs) to sit down (الى with s.o., at a tabl., etc., على on a chair); to sit (الى with s.o., at a table, على on a chair)| جلس الى الرسام (rassām) to sit for a painter III to sit (ه with s.o., next to s.o., in s.o.’s company); to keep s.o. (ه ) company IV to ask to sit down, make sit down, eeat (ه s.o.)

جلسة jalsa pl. -āt seat (in an auditorium); session (of parliament, of a committee, of a court, etc.); party, gathering, meeting|عقد جلسة ‘aqada jasatan to convene a session; جلسة عامة (‘āmma) plenary session

جلسة jilsa manner of sitting

جليس pl. جلساء julasā’2 participant in a social gathering; table companion: one with whom one sits together; جليسه the man who was at the party with him

جليسة jalīsa lady companion; fem. of جليس

جلوس julūs sitting: sitting down; accession to the throne; pl. of جالس sitting

مجلس majlis pl. مجالس majālis2 seat; session room, conference room; party, gathering, meeting; social gathering: session, sitting; council meeting; council; concilium; collegium, college: board, committee, commission; administrative board; court, tribunal|فى مجلسه in s.o.’s presence, in s.o.’s company; مجلس التأديب and مجلس تأديبى disciplinary board; مجلس تأسيسى constituent assembly; مجلس آفاقى regional court (tribunal régional; Tun.); مجلس الأمة m. al-umma parliament (Ir.); مجلس الأمن m. al-amn the Security Council; مجلس البلدية m. al-baladīya and مجلس بلدى (baladī) local council, municipal council; مجلس الحرب m. al-ḥarb war council; مجلس حسبى (ḥasbī) probate court (for Muslim; Eg.); مجلس مختلط (muḳtaliṯ) mixed court (eg.); مجلس الدفاع defense council; مجلس الادارة m. al-idāra administrative board, committee of management, directorate; board of directors (of a corporation or bank); مجلس المديرية m. al-mudīrīya provincial council, provincial parliament (Eg.); مجلس الدولة m. ad-daula Supreme Administrative Court (Eg.); مجلس روحى (rūḥī) religious court, clerical court (of the Coptic Church); مجلس شورى الدولة m. šūrā d-daula council of state; مجلس الشيوخ council of elders: Senate (Eg.); مجلس عدلى (‘adlī) court, tribunal (Syr.); (عسكرى or) مجلس عرفى (‘urfī, ‘askarī) court-martial; مجلس عصبة الأمم m. ‘uṣbat al-umam Council of the League of Nations; مجلس العموم the House of Commons; مجلس الأعيان m. al-a‘yān senate (Ir., Jord.); مجلس الاقتراع draft board, recruiting commission (mil.); مجلس قروى (qarawī) local council; مجلس اقتصادى (iqtiṣādī) economic council: مجلس قومى (qaumī) national assembly; مجلس قيادة الثورة m. qiyādat at-taura Supreme Revolutionary Tribunal (Eg.): المجلس الكبير and المجلس الاكبر (akbar) the Grand Council (= le Grand Conseil; Tun.); مجلس اللوردين the House of Lords: مجلس النواب m. an-nuwwāb lower house, chamber of deputies; مجلس نيابى (niyābī) parliament; مجلس الجهة m. al-jiha approx.: provincial council (= conseil de région; Tun.); مجلس الوزراء m. al-wuzarā’ cabinet, council of ministers

مجالسة mujālasa social intercourse

جالس jālis pl. جلوس julūs, جلاس jullās sitting; pl. جلاس participants in a social gathering

جلط jalaṯa i (jalṯ) to chafe, gall, abrade (هـ the skin); to shave (الرأس ar-ra’sa the head

جلطة julṯa lump, clot| جلطة دموية (damawīya) blood clot, thrombus

جلف jilf pl. اجلاف ajlāf boorish, rude, uncivil

جلفط jalfaṯa (جلفطة jalfaṯa) to calk (هـ a ship)

جلفن galfana (eg.) to galvanize

جلفنة galfana galvanization

مجلفن mugalfan galvanized

جلاقة jalāqa: جلاقة قروية (qarawīya) yokel, bumpkin

جلم jalama i (jalm) to clip, shear off (هـ s.th.)

جلم jalam pl. اجلام ajlām shears

ابو جلمبو abū galambū (eg.) a variety of crab

جلمد II tajalmada to be petrified

جلمد jalmad pl. جلامد jalāmid2 and جلمود julmūd pl. جلاميد jalāmīd2 rook, bolder

جلنار jullanār pomegranate blossom

(جلو and جلى) جلا jalā u to clean, polish (هـ s.th.); to clear (هـ the view); to make clear, make plain, clarity, clear up (هـ s.th.), throw light on (هـ ), to reveal, unveil, disclose (هـ s.th.), to dislodge, oust, remove (عن هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. from), to shine, be brilliant, distinguish o.s. (فى in s.th.); to be or become clear, evident, manifest; to pull out, move out (عن of a place), go away, depart (عن from a place), leave, quit, evacuate (عن a place); -- جلى jalā i to polish, burnish (هـ s.th.) II to reveal, disclose, bring to light (عن or هـ s.th.); to show, represent (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), IV to remove, dislodge, oust, drive away (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to evacuate (ه s.o. from); to move away, go away (عن from a place), leave (عن a place) V to become clear, evident, manifest; to reveal itself, be revealed, to appear, show, come to light, come out, manifest itself, to be manifested, be expressed, find expression VII to be clean or cleaned, be polished, be burnished, to be removed, be dislodged, be ousted; to move away (عن from a place), vacate, evacuate (عن a place), to be dispelled, vanish, go away, pass (crisis, difficulty, etc.), to disappear, to reveal itself, be revealed, be disclosed; to be unveiled (bride), to become manifest, manifest itself; to become clear or plain; to clear up and reveal (عن s.th.), to lead, come (عن to), end (عن in), to result (عن in)|ما ينجلى عنه الأمر the outcome of the matter, what will come of it VIII to reveal, disclose (هـ s.th.), to regard (هـ s.th.), look at (هـ ) X to seek to clarify (هـ s.th.), to clarify, clear up (هـ s.th.), throw light (هـ on); to uncover, unearth, bring to light, find out, discover, detect (هـ s.th.)

ابن جلا ibn jalā a famous, well-known man, a celebrity

جلى jalīy clear, plain, evident, patent, manifest, obvious, conspicuous; جليا jalīyan obviously, evidently

جلية jalīya pl. جلايا jalāyā sure thing, plain fact|جلية الأمر jalīyat al-amr the true state of the affair

اجلى ajlā clearer, more obvious, more distinct

جلوى jalwā unveiling (of the bride)|ليلة الجلوة lailat al-j. wedding night

جلاء jalā’ clarification, elucidation; clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness; departure, (e)migration (عن from), evacuation (عن of an area; mil.); بجلاء clearly, plainly

جليان jalayān vision, revelation, apocalypse (Chr.)

مجال majālin (pl. of مجلى majlan) manifestations

تجلية tajliya: تجلية الاهية (ilāhīya) divine revelation; theophany (Chr.)

تجل tajallin revelation, manifestation; Transfiguration (of Christ)|عيد التجلى ‘īd at-t. Transfiguration Day (Chr.)

اجتلاء ijtilā’ contemplation

استجلاء istijlā’ clarification, elucidation

جالية jāliya pl. -āt, جوال jawālin colony (of foreigners); colony of emigrants

المجلى al-mujallī the winner (in a race)

متجل mutajallin obvious, evident, manifest, patent

جلون galōn pl. -āt gallon (eg.)

مجلون mugalwan galvanized (eg.)

جلى jullā see1 جل

جليوتين gilyotīn guillotine (eg.)

1ج م abbreviation of جنيه مصرى Egyptian pound

2 جم jamma i u (jamm) to gather; to collect one’s thoughts, concentrate; to rest II and V to grow luxuriantly (plants) X to gather; to collect one’s thoughts, concentrate; to rest, relax, seek recreation (من from); to be covered with luxuriant vegetation (ground)

جم jamm abundant, plentiful; much, a great deal of; many, numerous; manifold, multiple; crowd, group of people|جم الأثر j. al-atar effective, efficacious; احبه حبا جما (aḥabbahū ḥubban) to be more than fond of; فوائد جمة numerous advantages, ample benefits; جم غفير large crowd, throng

جمام jamām rest, relaxation, recreation, gathering of new strength

مجم majamm place where s.th. gathers or flows together|مجم هذا الرأي ومستجمعه (mustajma‘uhū) what this opinion amounts to

تجميم tagmīm (eg.) bobbed hairdo (of women)

استجماتم istijmām collectedness; concentration; attentiveness, attentive reverence; rest, relaxation, recreation

جمباز , جنبازى see جنباز, جنبازى

جمبرى (from It. gambero) gambarī, جمرى gammarī (eg.) shrimp (zool.)

2 جمجم jamjama (جمجمة jamjama), جمجم الكلام (kalāma) and II tajamjama to articulate indistinctly, stammer; to express o.s. poorly, speak incoherently; to mumble

2 جمجمة jumjuma pl. جماجم jamājim2 skull, cranium

جمجمى jumjumī cranial

جمح jamaḥa a (jamḥ, جماح jimāḥ, جموح jumūḥ to holt (horse); to he refractory, unruly, recalcitrant; to be defiant; to be capricious, whimsical; to run out on her husband, run away from home (wife)

جماح jimāḥ recalcitrance, defiance; willfulness

جموح jumūḥ recalcitrance, defiance; willfulness

جموح jamūḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly, ungovernable

جامح jāmiḥ headstrong, defiant, unruly; indomitable, untamable

2 جمد jamada u, jamuda u (jamd, جمود jumūd) to freeze; to congeal, harden, stiffen, be or become hard or solid, solidify; to coagulate, clot (blood); to be rigid, inflexible (in one’s thinking); to stagnate; to be apathetic, indolent, dull, indifferent| جمدت نفسه على to be indifferent toward, put up with, acquiesce in; جمدت يده (yaduhū) to be niggardly, tightfisted II to freeze, frost, congeal (هـ s.th.); to solidify, coagulate, harden, stiffen (هـ s.th.); to curdle (هـ s.th.); to freeze (هـ assets V to freeze, become frozen, turn into ice, freeze up. become icebound; to freeze to death; to congeal; to solidify; to harden, set (e.g., cement); to coagulate, clot (blood) VII to freeze up, become icebound; to freeze, become frozen, turn to ice

جمد jamd freezing; congelation, solidification, coagulation|درجة الجمد darajat al-j. freezing point

جمد jamad ice

جماد jamād pl. -āt a solid; inorganic body; mineral; inanimate body, inanimate being; O neuter (gram.)

جمود jumūd frozen state; solid, compact state, compactness, solidity; rigor, rigidity, stiffness; inorganic state; hardening, induration; hardness, inflexibility; deadlock, standstill; inertia, inaction, inactivity; lethargy, apathy, passivity, indifference

جمودة jumūda solidity, hardness

تجميد tajmīd solidification, hardening; consolidation; reinforcement (of a foundation)|تجميد الاموال t. al-amwāl freezing of assets

تجمد tajammud freezing; frost; congelation; solidification; coagulation

انجماد injimād freezing up or over, icing up; ice formation

جامد jāmid hard, solid; stiff; rigid; motionless; inanimate, inorganic; (gram.) defective; dry. dull (book, and the like); impervious to progress to innovation, ossified, ultraconservative; pl. جوامد jawāmid2 inanimate things, inorganic matter, minerals

متجمد mutajammid frozen, icy; stiff, congealed; coagulated

منجمد munjamid frozen, icy, ice (adj.); arctic|المحيط المنجمد (muḥīṯ) the Arctic Ocean

2 جمادى jumādā name of the fifth and sixth months of the Muslim year (جمادى الاولى j. al-ūlā Jumada I and جمادى الآخرة j. al-āḳira Jumada II)

جمر II to roast (هـ meat) VIII to bum incense

جمر jamr embers, live coal| كان على احر من جمر (aḥarra) to be on tenter-hooks; to be in greatest suspense, be dying with curiosity

جمرة jamra (n. un. of جمر ) live coal; firebrand, smoldering embers; rankling resentment; (pl. -āt) carbuncle (med.)|O الجمرة الخبيثة anthrax

جمار jummār palm pith, palm core (edible tuber growing at the upper end of the palm trunk)

مجمرة mijmara pl. مجامر majāmir2 brazier; censer

2 جمرى see جمبرى

جمرك (eg.) gumruk pl. جمرك gamārik2 customs; customhouse|رسم الجمرك rasm al-g. customs duty, tariff

جمركى gumrukī customs, tariff (used attributively)| اتحاد جمركى (ittihād) customs union

مجمرك mugamrak duty paid

جميز jummaiz (coll.; n. un. ة ) sycamore (Ficus sycomorus; bot.)

جاموس look up alphabetically

جمش jamaša i u (jamš) to unhair (هـ s.th.) II to make love, caress, pet

جمع jama‘a a (jam‘) to gather (هـ s.th.); to collect (هـ e.g., money); to unite, combine, bring together (parts into a whole); to put together. join (هـ things); to set, compose (هـ type; typ.); to compile (هـ a book); to summarize. sum up (هـ s.th.) to rally, round up (هم people); to pile up, amass accumulate (هـ s.th.); to assemble (هم several persons); to convoke, convene, call (هـ a meeting); to add (هـ numbers), add up (هـ a column); (gram.) to make plural, pluralize (هـ a word); to unite, link, bring together (بين several things or persons); to combine (بين – و e.g., both strength and courage); to contain, hold, comprise (هـ s.th.)|جمع اطراف الشيء (aṯrāfa) to summarize, sum up s.th.; to give a survey of s.th.; جمع البراعة من اطرافها (barā‘ata) to be very efficient, do an excellent job, do superlatively good work; جمع شمل القطيع (šamla l-q.) to round up the herd; يجمع الكتاب بين صفحاتها (ṣafaḥātihā) the book contains, lists …; يجمع بيت على بيوت (yujma‘u) the plural of bait is buyūt II to pile up, amass, accumulate (هـ s.th.); to rally, round up (هـ s.th., هم s.o.); to assemble (هـ the parts of a machine) III to have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman) IV to agree (على on s.th., to do s.th.); to be agreed (على on); to decide unanimously (على on), resolve (على to do s.th.)|اجمعوا امرهم (amrahum) they came to terms, they made a joint decision V to gather; to assemble, congregate; to rally, band together, flock together (people); to pile up; to accumulate; to gather into a mass, agglomerate; to cluster; to coagulate VIII to be close together; to come together, meet, join; to unite, combine (ب with); to assemble, meet, convene (an organization, a committee, etc.); to be or get together, have a meeting, interview or conference, hold talks (ب, مع with s.o.), meet (ب, مع s.o.; to concur (على in), agree, be agreed (على on s.th.) X to gather, collect (هـ s.th.; also قواه quwāhu one’s strength, افكاره afkārahū one’s thoughts); to summarize, sum up (هـ s.th.); to possess, combine (هـ s.th.)

جمع jam’ gathering; collection; combination; connection, coupling, joining; accumulation; (arith.) addition; union, merger, aggregation, integration (بين of) holding together (بين of divergent, separate things); (pl. جموع jumū‘) gathering, crowd, throng; gang, troop; (gram.) plural| جمع الشمل j. aš-šaml union, integration; جمع التكسير the broken (= internal) plural, الجمع السالم the regular (= external) plural; اسم الجمع ism al-j. collective noun (gram.); جمع اليد j. al-yad fist

جمع jum‘, جمع الكف j. al-kaff, جمع اليد j. al-yad fist, clenched hand| بجمع يديه with clenched fists

جمعة jum‘a pl. جمع juma‘, -āt week; Friday| يوم الجمعة yaum al-j. Friday; جمعة الآلام Passion Week; الجمعة العظيمة and يوم الجمعة الحزينة Good Friday (Chr.)

جمعية jam‘iya pl. -āt club, association, society; corporation, organization; assembly|جمعية الأمم j. al-umam League of Nations; جمعية خيرية (ḳairīya) charitable organization; جمعية الاسعاف j. al-is‘āf approx.: civil ambulance service; جمعية (tašrī‘īya) legislative assembly; جمعية عمومية ‘umūmīya) and جمعية عامة (‘āmma) general assembly; general meeting; plenum, plenary session; جمعية تعاونية (ta‘āwunīya) cooperative

جميع jamī‘ (with foll. genitive) total; whole, entire; all; entirety; e.g., جميع الناس all men, all mankind; الجميع all people, everybody; the public at large; جميعا jamī‘an in a body, altogether, one and all, all of them; entirely, wholly, totally

جمع ajma‘2 pl. -ūn, f. جمعاء jam‘ā’2, pl. جمع juma‘2 entire, whole, all`|العالم الاسلامى اجمع (ajma‘a) the entire Islamic world; الدار جمعاء (jam‘ā’a) the whole house; باجمعه bi-ajma‘ihī in its entirety, to its full extent, completely, altogether; جاؤوا باجمعهم all of them came

جماع jummā‘ aggregate; total, total amount

O جماع كهربائى jammā‘ kahrabā‘ī; storage battery

جماعة jamā‘a pl. -āt group (of people); band, gang, party, troop; community; squad (military unit; Eg. 1939)| جماعات وافرادا jamā‘ātin wa-afrādan in groups and individually

جماعى jamā‘ī collective (as opposed to فردى fardī individual)

مجمع majma‘ pl. مجامع majāmi‘2 place where two or more things meet, place or point of union, junction; meeting, congregation, convention, assembly; (also مجمع علمى m. ‘ilmī) academy (scientific); college (e.g., of ecclesiastical dignitaries); synod|مجمع بلدى (baladī) provincial synod (Chr.); مجمع اكليركى (iklīrīkī) clerical synod (of the Coptic Church); اخذ بمجامع القلوب to win or captivate the hearts; بمجامع عينيه bi-m. ‘ainaihi (to look at s.o.) with complete concentration, intently

مجمعى majma‘ī academy member, academician

تجمي tajmī‘ assembly, assemblage (of the parts of machinery)

جماع jimā‘ sexual intercourse; s.th. comprising or involving another thing or a number of things| الخمر جماع الاثم al-ḳamr j. al-itm wine involves sin, wine

اجماع ijmā‘ agreement, unanimity (also اجماع الرأي ); unanimous resolution (على to do s.th.); (Isl. Law) consensus (of the authorities in a legal question; one of the four uṣūl of Islamic Law)| بالاجماع unanimously

اجماعى ijmā‘ī based on general agreement, unanimous; collective, universal

تجمع tajammu‘ pl. -āt coming together, meeting; gathering; troop concentration; crowd, throng, mob; agglomeration; O agglutination (chem.-med.)

اجتماع ijtimā‘ pl. -āt meeting (ب with s.o.; of a corporate body; of parliament); get-together, gathering, assembly; reunion; rally; convention; conjunction, constellation (astron.); confluence (of rivers); life in a social group, community life, social life; الاجتماع human society|اجتماع الطرق ijtimā‘ aṯ-ṯuruq crossroads, intersection, junction; علم الاجتماع ‘ilm al-ijt. sociology; علماء الاجتماع sociologists

اجتماعى ijtimā‘ī community, group (used attributively); social; socialist(ic); sociological|وزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية ministry for social affairs; الحالة الاجتماعية personal status; الخدمة الاجتماعية (ḳidma) social service, social work; المساواة الاجتماعية (musāwāh) social equality; الهيئة الاجتماعية (hai’a) human society

اجتماعية ijtimā‘īya socialism

جامع jāmi‘ comprehensive, extensive, broad, general, universal; collector; compiler (of a book); compositor, typesetter; (pl. جوامع jawāmi‘2) mosque| مسجد جامع (masjid) great, central mosque where the public prayer is performed on Fridays

جامعة jāmi‘a pl. -āt league, union, association; community; federation; religious community, communion; commonness, community of interests or purpose; university|O جامعة الكهرباء j. al-kahrabā’ storage battery, accumulator; جامعة الامم j. al-umam League of Nations; الجامعة الاسلامية (islāmīya) Pan-Islamism; الجامعة العربية (‘arabīya) and جامعة الدول العربية (duwal) the Arab League; جامعة شعبية (ša‘bīya) university extension, adult education courses, evening courses

جامعى jāmi‘ī academic, collegiate, university (adj.); university graduate

مجموع majmū‘ collected, gathered; totality, whole; total, sum (arith.)| الحروف المجموعة matter (typ.); مجموع اراضى القطر m. arāḍī l-quṯr the total area of the country; مجموع طوله m. ṯūlihī its total length; المجموع العصبي (‘aṣabī) the nervous system

مجموعة majmū‘a pl. -āt, مجاميع majāmī‘2 collection (e.g., of works of art, of stamps, etc., also of stories); compilation, list; group {also, e.g., of trees, of islands, etc.); series (e.g., of articles in a newspaper; O battery (el.); alliance, league, bloc (e.g., of states); collective, collectivistic organization; aggregate; complex, block (of buildings); system; bulletin, periodical| المجموعة الشمسية (šamāīya) the solar system; مجموعة صناعية (ṣinā‘īya) syndicate

مجمع mujammi‘ collector (techn.); O storage battery, accumulator

مجمع عليه mujma‘ ‘alaihi (that which is) agreed upon, unanimous

مجتمع mujtama‘ pl. -āt gathering place, place of assembly; meeting place, rendezvous; assembly, gathering, meeting; society; human society; community, commune, collective

جمكية = جامكية look up alphabetically

1 جمل jamala u (jaml) to sum up, summarize (هـ s.th.); -- jamula u (جمال jamāl) to be beautiful; to be handsome, pretty, comely, graceful; to be proper, suitable, appropriate (ب for s.o.), befit (ب s.o.) II to make beautiful, beautify, embellish, adorn (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) III to be polite, courteous, amiable (. to 8.0.) IV to sum, total, add (هـ s.th.); to treat as a whole, mention collectively (هـ s.th.); to sum up, summarize (هـ s.th.); to act well, decently, be nice V to make o.s. pretty, adorn o.s. VI to be courteous, be friendly to one another

جملة jumla pl. جمل jumal totality, sum, whole; group, troop, body; crowd; wholesale; (gram.) sentence, clause; جملة jumlatan completely, wholly, on the whole, altogether, in general, at all| جملة واحدة jumlatan wāḥidatan all at once, at one swoop; جملة الكائنات everything in existence; كان من جملة اصحابه he was one of his companions, he belonged to his companions; قال فى جملة ما قاله (jumlati) among other things, he said ; وجملة القول ان wa-jumlatu l-qauli anna or وجملة الامر ان in short , to sum up …, briefly stated ; على الجملة in short, in a word; بالجملة wholly, on the whole, altogether, in general, at all; by wholesale (com.); جملة الاجرة المستحقة j. al-ujra al-mustaḥiqqa gross wage; تاجر الجملة wholesaler, wholesale dealer; 41.J:1 ~ sr,. al·j. whole-sale price; جملة اسمية (ismīya) nominal clause; جملة فعلية (fi‘līya) verbal clause; جملة اخبارية (iḳbārīya) or جملة خبرية (ḳabarīya) declarative sentence (or clause); جملة انشائية (inšā’īya) exclamatory sentence; جملة حالية (ḥālīya) circumstantial clause; جملة شرطي (šarṯīya) conditional clause; جملة معترضة (mu‘tariḍa) parenthetical clause

حساب الجمل ḥisāb al-jummal (or jumal) use of the letters of the alphabet according to their numerical value

جمال jamāl beauty|O علم الجمال ‘ilm al-j. aesthetics

جميل jamīl beautiful, graceful, lovely, comely, pretty, handsome; friendly act, favor, service, good turn; courtesy|اعتراف بالجميل, معرفة الجميل ma‘rifat al-j. and عرفان بالجميل (‘irfān) gratitude; نكران الجميل nukrān al-j. ingratitude; ناكر الجميل ungrateful; حفظ له جميلا (ḥafiẓa) to keep s.o. in fond remembrance, remember s.o. with gratitude

اجمل ajmal2 more beautiful

تجميل tajmīl beautification, embellishment; cosmetics

مجاملة mujāmala pl. -āt (act of) courtesy; civility, amiability; flattery; مجاملة mujāmalatan amicably, in a friendly way| زيارة مجاملة ziyārat m. courtesy call; قواعد المجاملات etiquette

اجمال ijmāl summation, summing up; summarization; اجمالا ijmālan on the whole, in general, generally speaking, as a general principle| اجمالا لذلك اقول to sum up, I (would) say ; فى اجماله in its entirety, as a whole; بالاجمال and على الاجمال in general, on the whole, altogether; بوجه الاجمال bi-wajhi l-i. = اجمالا

اجمالى ijmālī comprehensive, summary, general, over-all, total, collective|تقرير اجمالى over-all report; غرامة اجمالية (garāma) collective penalty; نظرة اجمالية (naẓra) general view

مجمل mujmil pl. -ūn wholesaler, wholesale dealer

مجمل mujmal summary, resume, synopsis, compendium; general concept; sum, total|بالمجمل by wholesale

2 جمل jamal pl. جمال jimāl, اجمال ajmāl camel|جمل اليهود j. a1-yahūd chameleon

جمال jammāl pl. -ūn camel driver

جمان jumān (coll.; n. un. ة ) pearls

جمهر jamhara to gather, collect (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); to assemble (ه s.o.) II tajamhara to gather, flock together (crowd)

جمهرة jamhara multitude, crowd, throng; the great mass, the populace

جمهور jumhūr pl. جماهير jamāhīr2 multitude; crowd, throng; general public, public; الجماهير the masses, the people

جمهرى iumhllri republican (adj. and n.)

جمهورية jumhūriya pl. -āt republic|الجمهورية العربية المتحدة (‘arabīya, muttaḥida) the United Arab Republic; الجمهورية الاتحادية الالمانية (ittiḥādīya) the Federal Republic of Germany; الجمهورية الديموقراطية الالمانية (dīmūqrāṯīya) the German Democratic Republic

تجمهر tajamhur gathering (of people; crowd

جن janna u (jann, جنون junūn) to cover, hide, conceal, veil (هـ, على s.th.); to descend, fall, be or become dark (night); pass. junna: to be or become possessed, insane, mad, crazy| جن جنونه (junūnuhū) to get madly excited, become frantic II to craze, make crazy, drive insane, madden, enrage, infuriate (ه s.o.) IV to cover, veil, hide, conceal (هـ s.th.); = II; V to go mad, become crazy X to be covered, veiled, concealed; to regard (ه s.o.) as crazy, think (ه s.o.) mad

جن (coll.) jinn, demons (invisible beings, either harmful or helpful, that interfere with the lives of mortals)

جنى jinnī demonic; jinni, demon

جنية jinnīya female demon

جنة janna pl. -at, جنان jinān garden; paradise| جنات النعيم paradise; ساكن الجنان inhabitant of paradise, deceased person, one of blessed memory

جنينة junaina pl. -āt, جنائن janā’in2 little garden; garden

جنائنى janā’inī gardener

جنة jinna possession, obsession; mania, madness, insanity

جنة junna pl. جنن junan protection, shelter, shield

جنان janān pl. اجنان ajnān heart, soul

جنان jannān gardener

جنين janīn pl. اجنة ajinna, اجنون ajnūn embryo, fetus; germ (in a seed, etc.)

جنون junūn possession, obsession; mania, madness, insanity, dementia; foolishness, folly; frenzy, rage, fury; ecstasy, rapture|الجنون فنون al-j. funūn madness has many varieties, manifests itself in many ways

جنوني junūnī crazy, insane, mad; frantic, frenzied

مجن mijann pl. مجان majānn2 shield

مجنة majanna madness, insanity

جان jānn jinn, demons

مجنون majnūn pl. مجانين majānīn2 possessed, obsessed; insane, mad; madman, maniac, lunatic; crazy, cracked; crackpot; foolish; fool

جنب janaba u to avert, ward off (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.) II to keep away, avert, ward off (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.), keep s.o. (ه ) out of the way of (هـ ), spare (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) III to be or walk by s.o.’s (ه ) side; to run alongside of (هـ ), run parallel to (هـ ), skirt, flank (هـ s.th.); to avoid (هـ s.th.) V to avoid (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to keep away (هـ, ه from), steer clear, get out of the way (هـ, ه of) VI and VIII = V; VIII to be at the side of (هـ ), run side by side with (هـ ), run alongside of (هـ ), skirt, flank (هـ s.th.)

جنب janb pl. جنوب junūb, اجناب ajnāb side; janba (prep.) beside, next to, near, at|جنبا الى جنب (also جنبا لجنب ) side by side; بين جنبيه (janbaihi) inside (it), within; ما بين جنبيه (baina janbaihi) what it contains, comprises, its contents; على جنب aside, apart; ذات الجنب pleurisy

جنبة janba pl. janabāt side; region, area| فى جنباته in it, within, wide; ضمه بين جنباته (ḍammahū) to comprise, hold, contain s.th.; جنبات الغرفة j. al-gurfa the whole room; بين جنبات الغرفة in (the middle of) the room; زاخر الجنبات crammed, chock-full, brimful, filled to overflowing or bursting

جنبى janbī lateral, side (adj.)

جنب junub in a state of major ritual impurity; not belonging to the tribe, not a kinsman| الجار الجنب the neighbor not belonging to the family

جناب jināb (title of respect) approx.: Right Honorable; جنابكم Your Honor; you (polite form)

جنابة janāba major ritual impurity (Isl. Law)

جناب junāb (= ذات الجنب ) pleurisy

جنوب janūb south; جنوبا janūban southward, to the south

جنوب janūbī southern| جنوبى افريقيا South Africa

جنب jānib pl. جوانب jawānib2 side; lateral portion; sidepiece; flank; wing; face (geom.); part, portion, partial amount; partial view, section (من of a scene, picture or panorama); quantity, amount; a certain number (من of), a few, some| من جانبه on his part; من جانب – من جانب آخر on the one hand -- on the other hand; الى جانبه to him, to his address; at his (its) side, next to him (it); بجانبه beside him (it), next to him (it); الى جانب and بجانب side by side with; in addition to; apart from, aside from; وضعه جانبا to put s.th. aside; ودعه جانبا to leave s.th. aside, omit s.th.; فى جانب in comparison with, as compared with, as against; regarding, with regard to; ما بين جوانبهم their hearts; جانبا الفم jānibā l-fam the comers of the mouth; جانب من a considerable, or certain, degree of; a considerable amount of, a good deal of; جانب كبير من a great deal of, a large portion of; على جانب كبير من he is very …; كان على جانب عظيم من الكرم (karam) to be very generous; على جانب عظيم من الاهمية (ahammīya) of great importance; على اعظم جانب من الخطورة ‘alā a‘ẓami jānibin min al-kuṯūra of utmost importance, of greatest significance; فى كل جانب everywhere, on all sides; خفض له جانبه (ḳafaḍa, jānibahū) to show o.s. condescending, affable or gracious to s.o.; to meet s.o. on fair terms; امن جانبه amina jānibahū to be safe from s.o.; لم اعره جانب اهتمام (u‘irhu) I paid not the least attention to him; خاف (رهب، هاب) جانبه (jānibahū) to fear s.o., be afraid of s.o.; ملك الجانب milk al-j. crown lands; جانب الميري j. al-mīrī (eg.) fisc, treasury; لين الجانب layyin al-j. gentle; docile, tractable, compliant; لين الجانب līn al-j. gentleness; رحب الجوانب raḥb al-j. roomy; spacious, unconfined; رقيق الجانب friendly, amiable, gentle; مرهوب الجانب feared, dreaded; عزيز الجانب powerful, mighty, strong; عزة الجانب ‘izzat al-j. power; مهيب الجانب mahīb al-j. dreaded, respected; فى جوانب الدار about the house, all over the house; often فى جوانبه = فيه

جانبى jānibī lateral, side, by- (in compounds)

اجنبي ajnabī foreign, alien; (pl. -ūn, اجانب ajānib2 foreigner, alien|البلاد الأجنبية the foreign countries, the outside world; فرقة الاجانب firqat al-ajānib the Foreign Legion

جنابية gannābīya pl. –āt (eg.) curb; embankment, levee; side channel, lateral (following a road or railroad tracks); bypass (of a lock or sluice)

تجنب tajannub avoidance

اجتناب ijtināb avoidance

مجنبة mujanniba flank, wing (of an army

جنبري see جمبري

جنباز junbāz, جمباز calisthenics; gymnastics; athletics

جنبازي junbāzī (جمبازي ) calisthenic(al), gymnastic| الالعاب الجمبازية gymnastic exercises, physical exercises

جنح janaḥa a (جنوح junūḥ) to incline, be inclined, tend (ل or الى to); to lean (ل or الى to or toward); to turn, go over (الى to), join (الى s.th.), associate o.s. (الى with); to strand (على or الى on a coast; ship); to diverge, deviate, depart (عن from); to turn away (عن from), break (عن with) II to provide (هـ s.th.) with wings, lend wings (هـ to s.th.) IV to incline, be inclined, tend (ل or الى to); to lean (ل or الى to or toward); to turn (ل or الى to s.th.); to strand (ship)

جنح jinḥ side

جنح junḥ, jinḥ darkness gloom|فى جنح الليل (j. il-lail) in the dark of night, under cover of night; بين جنحي الكرى (junḥay il-karā) lit.: between the two halves of slumber, i.e., at night when everyone’s asleep

جنحة junḥa pl. جنح junaḥ misdemeanor (jur., less than a felony, جناية , and more than an infraction, مخالفة )

جناح janāḥ pl. اجنحة ajniḥa, اجنح ajnuḥ wing (of a bird. of an airplane, of a building, of an army); side; flank| انا فى جناحه I am under his protection; على جناح الاثير over the ether, by radio; على جناح السرعة (j. is-sur‘a) with winged haste

جناح junāḥ misdemeanor (jur.); sin| لا جناح عليه (junāḥa) it won’t be held against him if he ; it won't do any harm if he …

اجنح ajnaḥ2 more inclined (الى to

جنوح janūḥ inclined (الى s.th.)

جنوح junūḥ inclination, leaning, bent, tendency (الى to)

جانح jāniḥ side, flank, wing

جانحة jāniḥa pl. جوانح jawāniḥ2 rib; pl. also bosom, heart, soul|بين جوانحي in my bosom, at heart; طفرت جوانحها (ṭafarat) she became happily excited, she trembled with joy

مجنح mujannaḥ winged

جند II to draft, conscript, enlist, recruit (ه s.o.; mil.); to mobilize (هـ an army, على against) V to be drafted, be conscripted, be enlisted (for military service)

جند jund m. and f., pl. جنود junūd, اجناد ajnād soldiers; army|جند الخلاص j. al-ḳalāṣ Salvation Army

جندى jundī pl. جنود junūd soldier, private| جندى اول (awwal) private first class (Ir., Syr.); جندى مستجد (mustajidd) recruits (Ir., Syr.); الجندي المجهول the Unknown Soldier

جندية jundīya military affairs, the army, the military; military service

تجنيد tajnīd draft, enlistment (mil.) recruitment; mobilization|التجنيد الاجباري (ijbārī) military conscription

تجند tajannud military service

مجند mujannad recruit

جندارى gindārī standard-bearer, comet (Eg.)

جندب jundub pl. جنادب janādib2 grasshopper

1 جندر gandara (eg.) to mangle (هـ laundry)

جندرة gandara mangling (of laundry); press; O rotary press (typ.)

2 جندارى look up alphabetically

جندرمة žandarma gendarmery

جندرمى žandarmī gendarme

جندفلى ganduflī (eg.) oysters

1 جندل jandala to throw to the ground, bring down, fell (ه s.o.)

جندل jandal pl. جنادل janādil2 stone; pl. جنادل cataract, waterfall (eg.)

2 جندول gundūl (eg.) pl. جناديل ganādīl2 gondola

جنرال jenərāl, ginrāl (eg.) general (military rank)

جنز II to say the burial prayers, conduct the funeral service (ه for the deceased; Chr.)

جنازة jināza, janāza pl. -āt جنائز janā’iz2 bier; funeral procession

جناز junnāz pl. جنانيز janānīz2 requiem, funeral rites, obsequies; funeral procession

جنزبيل janzabīl (= زنجبيل ) ginger

1 جنزير janzara (= زنجر ) to be or become covered with verdigris

جنزار jinzār (=زنجار ) verdigris

2 جنزير jinzīr (= زنجير ) pl. جنازير janāzīr2 chain; track (of a caterpillar, of a tank, etc.); a linear measure (= 5 qaṣaba = 17.75 m; also = 20 m; Eg.)|طارة جنزير ṭārat j. track sprocket, sprocket wheel

مجنزر mujanzar track-laying (vehicle)

جنس II to make alike, make similar (هـ s.th.); to assimilate, naturalize (ه s.o.); to class, classify, sort, categorize (هـ s.th.) III to be akin, be related, similar (هـ, ه to), be of the same kind or nature (ه as s.o., هـ as s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ) resemble (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) V to have o.s. naturalized, acquire the citizenship (ب ); to be naturalized VI to be akin, related, of the same kind or nature, homogeneous

جنس jins pl. اجناس ajnās kind, sort, variety, species, class, genus; category; sex (male, female); gender (gram.); race; nation| اسم الجنس ism al-j. (gram.) generic noun, collective noun of nonpersonal things (which form a n. un. in ة); الجنس البشري (bašarī) the human race; ابناء جنسنا abnā’ jinsinā our fellow tribesmen; هو مصري الجنس he is Egyptian by nationality; الجنس اللطيف the fair sex; الجنس الخشن the strong sex

جنسي jinsī generic; sexual; racial

لاجنسي lā-jinsī asexual, sexless

جنسية jinsīya pl. -āt nationality, citizenship

تجنيس tajnīs naturalization; paronomasia (rhet.)

جناس jinās (rhet.) assonance, pun, paronomasia

مجانسة mujānasa relatedness, kinship, affinity; similarity, likeness, resemblance

تجنس tajannus acquisition of citizenship, naturalization

تجانس tajānūs homogeneity, homogeneousness; likeness, similarity, resemblance

مجانس mujānis similar, like, related; homogeneous

متجنس mutajannis naturalized

متجانس mutajānis akin, related, of the same kind or nature, homogeneous

جنطيانا (Lat. Gentiana) gentian (eg.)

1 جنف VI to deviate (عن from); to incline, be inclined (الى or ل to s.th.)

2 جنيف look up alphabetically

جنفاص junfāṣ, جنفيص junfaiṣ sackcloth, sacking

جنك junk pl. جنوك junūk harp

جنوا janowā Genoa (seaport in NW Italy)

جنى janā i (jany) to pick, gather, harvest, reap (هـ s.th., also the fruits of one’s work); to pocket, rake in, collect (هـ s.th.); to derive (هـ profit, من from); to secure, realize (هـ profits, an advantage); to incur (هـ evil, harm, punishment); to cause, provoke, bring about (هـ s.th.); -- (جناية jināya) to commit a crime, an outrage (على on); to offend, sin (على against); to commit, perpetrate (جناية, ذنبا danban a crime, an offense; على , less frequently الى , on or against); to inflict (هـ some evil, على on s.o.); to harm (على s.o., s.th.) V to incriminate, accuse, charge with a crime (على s.o.), lay the blame (على on s.o.), blame (على s.o.); to act meanly VIII to gather, harvest (هـ s.th.)

جنى jany harvest; reaping (fig.); -- janan (coll.) fruits

جناية jināya pl. -āt perpetration of a crime; felony (jur.; in the strictly legal sense, more than a misdemeanor, جنحة , and an infraction, مخالفة ), capital offense | محكمة الجنايات maḥkamat al-j. criminal court

جنائي jinā’ī criminal| law محكمة جنائية (maḥkama) criminal court; القانون الجنائي criminal law, penal law

مجنى majnan pl. مجان majānin that which is picked or harvested, a crop; source of profit or advantage

تجن tajannin incrimination, accusation (على of s.o.); mean way of acting, low, underhand dealings

جان jānin pl. جناة junāh perpetrator (of a delict); delinquent, criminal

مجنى عليه majnīy ‘alaih, harmed, injured; aggrieved party; victim of a crime

جنيف (Fr. Geneve) žənēf Geneva

جنيه (Engl. guinea) ginēh, also gunaih pl. –āt pound (eg.)|جنيه انجليزي (استرليني ) pound sterling, English pound; جنيه مصري Egyptian pound (abbreviation: ج م )

جهة see وجه

جهبذ jahbad pl. جهابذة jahābida man endowed with a critical mind; great scholar; bright, brilliant, intelligent

جهد jahada a (jahd) to endeavor, strive, labor, take pains, put o.s. out; to over-work, overtax, fatigue, exhaust (ه s.o.) III to endeavor, strive; to fight (فى سبيل الشيء for s.th.); t.o wage holy war against the infidels IV to strain, exert (هـ s.th.); to tire, wear out, fatigue (ه s.o.), give trouble (ه to)|اجهد نفسه فى (nafsahū) to go to great lengths, go out of one’s way (في for or in s.th.); اجهد فكره فى (fikrahū) to concentrate on, put one's mind to, apply o.s. t.o VIII to put o.s. out (فى for s.th.), work hard; (Isl. Law) to formulate an independent judgment in a legal or theological question (based on the application of the 4 uṣūl; as opposed to taqlid, q.v.)

جهد jahd pl. جهود juḥūd strain; exertion; endeavor, attempt, effort; trouble, pains (فى on behalf or for the sake of s.th.); O voltage, tension (el.)|جهد جهده jahada jahdahū, also عمل (حاول) جهده to do (try) one’s utmost, do (try) all in one’s power, make every conceivable effort; بجهد جهيد bi-jahdin jahīdin with great difficulty, by dint of atrenuous efforts; بعد جهد جهيد after a lot of trouble O جهد عال (‘ālin) high tension (el.)

جهد juhd strain, exertion; juhda (used prepositionally) to the limit of |جهد الطاقة juhda ṭ-ṭāqa as far as possible, as much as possible; جهد طاقته j. ṭāqatihī as much as he can, to the limit of his abilities; جهد امكانه juhda imkānihī do.; جهد ما juhda mā as much as. to the limits of what ; جهدي juhdī as far as I can

جهيد jahīd see جهد jahd

جهاد jihād fight, battle; jihad, holy war (against the infidels, as a religious duty)

جهادي jihādī fighting, military

مجاهدة mujāhada fight, battle

اجهاد ijhād exertion; overexertion, overstrain(ing)

اجتهاد ijtihād effort, exertion, endeavor, pains, trouble; application, industry, diligence; (Isl. Law) independent judgment in a legal or theological queetion, based on the interpretation and application of the 4 uṣūl, as opposed to taqlīd, q.v.; individual judgment

مجهود majhūd pl. -āt endeavor, effort, exertion, pains, trouble, work; O voltage, tension (el.)|بذل مجهوداته to make every effort, go to greatest lengths

مجاهد mujāhid pl. -ūn fighter, freedom fighter; warrior; sergeant (Eg. 1939)

مجهد mujhid strenuous, exacting, trying, grueling; -- mujhad overworked, exhausted

مجتهد mujtahid diligent, industrious; (pl. -ūn) mujtahid, a legist formulating independcnt decisions in legal or theological matters, based on the interpretation and application of the four uṣūl, as oppoeed to muqallid, q.v.

جهر jahara a (jahr, جهار jihār) to be brought to light, come out, show, appear; -- to declare publicly, announce (هـ or ب s.th.); to avow in public, proclaim (ب s.th.); to raise (هـ the voice); -- jahura u (جهارة jahāra) to be loud, be clearly audible (voice) III to declare or say openly, voice, utter, express frankly (ب s.th.)

جهر jahr and جهار jihār publicness, publicity, notoriety; جهرا jahran and جهارا jihāran publicly, in public

جهرة jahratan openly, overtly, frankly, publicly

جهري jahrī notorious, well-known, public

جهير jahīr loud (voice, shout)

اجهر ajhar2 day-blind

اجهر ajhar2 (elative) louder, more audible

جمهري jahwarī loud (voice)

مجهر mijhar loud-voiced

مجهر mijhar pl. مجاهر majāhir2 microsoope

مجهرى mijharī microscopic(al)

مجهار mijhār loud-voiced; O loudspeaker

مجاهرة mujāhara franknees, candor (of one’s words)

جهز jahaza a to finish off (على a wounded man), deliver the coup de grace to (على ) II to make ready, prepare (هـ s.th.); to arrange (هـ s.th.); to provide, supply (هـ s.th.); to equip, fit out, furnish, supply, provide (ب ه or هـ s.th. or s.o. with) IV to finish off (على a wounded man), deliver the coup de grace to (على ); to finish, ruin (على s.o.) V to he equipped, furnished, supplied, provided; to equip o.s.; to prepare o.s., get ready; to be ready, be prepared

جهاز jahāz (alas pronounced jihāz) pl. -āt, اجهزة ajhiza equipment, appliances, outfit, gear, rig; trousseau; contrivance, gadget; implement, appliance, utensil; installation, apparatus (techn.); system, apparatus (anat.) | جهاز لاسلكي (lā-silkī) wirelees set, radio; جهاز راديو radio (receiving set); O جهاز مستقبل (mustaqbil), O جهاز الاستقبال , O جهاز الالتقاط receiver, receiving set (radio); جهاز مذيع (muḍī‘), O جهاز الارسال j. al-irsāl transmitter (radio); جهاز تليفزيوني television set; جهاز الحفر j. al-ḥafr drilling rig; oil derrick; جهاز دوري (daurī) circulatory system (anat.); جهاز لتسجيل الاهتزازات الارضية or جهاز قياس الهزات الارضية (hazzāt, arḍīya)seismograph; جهاز سري (sirrī) secret organization, underground organization; جهاز الاستماع sound locator; الجهاز العصبي (‘aṣabī) the nervous system; جهاز الهضم j. al-haḍm digestive apparatus

تجهيز tajhīz equipment, furnishment; preparation; pl. تجهيزات equipment, gear

تجهيزي tajhīzī preparatory; (of a school) preparing for college

جاهز jāhiz ready, prepared; readymade; equipped | جاهزة (ملبوسات or) البسة (albisa) ready-made clothes

مجهز mujahhaz equipped, provided, furnished, supplied (ب with); armed (ب with guns; of a ship, tank, etc.)

جهش IV to sob, break into sobs| اجهش بالبكاء (bukā’) to be on the verge of tears, struggle with tears; to break into tears

جهشة jahša (n. vic.) pl. -āt sob; outburst of tears

اجهاش ijhāš outburst of tears

جهض IV to bear young ones, litter; to have a miscarriage (woman)| اجهضت نفسها (nafsahā) she induced an abortion

جهض jihḍ miscarried fetus

جهيض jahīḍ miscarried fetus

اجهاض ijhāḍ miscarriage, abortion; induced abortion

جهل jahila a (jahl, جهالة jahāla) to be ignorant; not to know (ب or هـ s.th., how to do s.th.); to be irrational, foolish; to behave foolishly (على toward) VI to ignore (هـ s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (هـ with), shut one’s eyes (هـ to), disregard (هـ a fact); to affect ignorance, pretend to know nothing X to consider ignorant or stupid (ه s.o.)

جهل jahl and جهالة jahāla ignorance; folly, foolishness, stupidity| عن جهل out of ignorance

جهول jahūl ignorant; foolish, stupid

مجهل majhal pl. مجاهل majāhil2 unknown region, unexplored territory | مجاهل افريقيا unknown Africa

تجهيل tajhīl stultification

تجاهل tajāhul ignoring, disregard(ing)

جاهل jāhil pl. جهلة jahala, جهل juhhal, جهال juhhāl, جهلاء juhalā’ not knowing (ب s.th., how to do s.th.); ignorant, uneducated, illiterate; foolish; fool

جاهلى jāhilī pagan, of or pertaining to pre-Islamic times

جاهلية jāhilīya state of ignorance; pre-Islamic paganism, pre-Islamic times

مجهول majhūl unknown; anonymous (also مجهول الاسم m. al-ism); pl. مجاهيل majāhīl2 unknown things| صيغة المجهول ṣīgat al-m. passive (gram.)

مجهولية majhūlīya being unknown, unknown nature

جهم jahuma u (جهامة jahāma, جهومة juhūma) to frown, glower V to frown, scowl, glower; to regard with displeasure (,هـ ه or ل s.o. or s.th.), frown (هـ or ل on); to eye gloomily, coolly, grimiy (هـ, ه or ل s.o., s.th.); to become sullen, gloomy (face)

جهم jahm sullen, glum, morose, gloomy (face)

جهام jahām clouds

جهامة jahāma and جهومة juhūma grim look, sullen expression; gloominoss; brooding silence

جهنم jahannam2 (f.) hell

جهنمي jahannamī hellish, infernal

جو jaww pl. اجواء ajwā’, جواء jiwā’ (pl. frequently with singnlar meaning) air; atmosphere (also fig.); sky; weather; sphere, milieu, environment; جوا jawwan by air; by telegraph, telegraphically|بريد الجو air mail; طبقات الجو ṭabaqāt al-j. air layers; فى جو ممطر (mumṭir) in rainy weather

جوى jawwī air, aerial, aero- (in compounds); airy, atmospheric(al); weather (used attributively), meteorologic(al)|الضغط الجوي (ḍagṯ) atmospheric pressure; طبقات جوية (ṭabaqāt) air layers; اسطول جوي (usṭūl) air fleet; غارة جوية air raid; القوات الجوية (quwāt) air force; الملاحة الجوية aviation; ميناء جوية (mīnā’) airport; ارصاد جوية meteorological observations; حجر جوي (ḥajar) meteorite

جوا (colloq.) jawwā (pronounced gūwa in Eg.) in it, within; inside

جوانى jawwānī, juwwānī inner, inside, interior

جوافة guwāfa (eg.) guava (fruit); guavshrub

جوال (eg.) guwāl pl. -āt sack

جوانتي (It. guanti; eg.) gloves

1 جوب (Fr. jupe) skirt

2(جوب) جاب jāba u (jaub) to travel, wander (هـ through), traverse, roam, tour, explore (هـ s.th., e.g., foreign lands); to pierce, penetrate (هـ s.th.), cut through (هـ ); to wander, cruise (هـ about a place) III to answer (ه s.خ., على s.th.), reply, respond (ه to s.o., على to s.th.); to comply (هـ with), accede (هـ to) IV to answer (ه or الى s.o., عن or على a question), reply, respond (ه or الى to s.o., على to s.th.); to comply (هـ with a request), accede, defer (هـ to); to hear (ه s.o.), accede to the request or wishes of (ه ); to fulfill, grant (هـ a wish); to consent, assent, agree (الى to); to concur (الى in)|اجاب الى طلبه ṯalabihi) to comply with s.o.’s request VI to reply to one another; to echo (هـ, ب from); to ring out (voices); to be (mutually) corresponding, harmonize; to be favorahle, propitious (مع to s.o.; situation) VIl to scatter, break up, pass over (clauds); to be dispelled, disappear, vanish (worries); to fade (darkness) X استجاب to hear, answer (هـ a prayer), grant (هـ a request); to comply with the request of (ل ), accede or defer to the wiohes of (ل ); to react (ل to); to respond (ل to, ب with), listen, pay attention (ل to), show interest (ل in); to meet, answer (ب ل s.o. with), reply (ب ل to s.o. with or hy doing s.th.); to resound, reverberate, re-echo; to resonate (ل or الى to s.th.), be in resonance with (phys.); -- استجوب istajwaba to interrogate, examine, question (ه s.o.); to hear (ه the defendant or witn...); to interpellate (ه s.o.; in parliament)

جوب jaub travening, touring, exploration (of foreign countries); piercing, penetration

جوبة jauba pl. -āt, جوب juwab opening, gap; hole, pit

جواب jawāb pl. اجوبة ajwiba answer, reply; octave (to a given tone; mus.); (eg.; pronounced gawāb pl. -āt) letter, message|جواب الشرط j. aš-šarṭ, main clause (conclusion) of a conditional sentence, apodosis

جوابى jawābī answering (used attributively)

جواب jawwāb traverser (of foreign countries), traveler, explorer

اجابة ijāba answer(ing), reply(ing), response, respondence; compliance; fulfillment, granting (of a request); accession, consent, assent|اجابة لطلبكم ijābatan li-ṭalabikum, in compliance with your request; in answer to your request

تجاوب tajāwub agreement, conformity; harmony

استجابة istijāba hearing, answering (of a prayer); granting, fulfillment (of a request); resonance; consonance (phys.)| استجابة ل istijābatan li in compliance with, in answer to, in deference to

استجواب istijwāb pl. -āt interrogation, questioning; hearing; interview; interpellation (in parliament)

متجاوب mutajāwib harmonious

مستجيب mustajīb hearing, answering, granting; reverberant, resonant, resonating; responsive, susceptible, impressible

جوت (Engl.) jūt jute

جاح (جوح ) jāḥa u and IV to annihilate, destroy, ruin; to flood, inundate (هـ the land) VIII do.; to carry away, sweep away (ه s.o., s.th.; storm); to put down, subdue, quell (هـ s.th., e.g., a riot)

اجاحة destruction, annihilation; crop damage; crop failure, bad harvest

اجتياح ijtiyāḥ destruction, annihilation; subdual, suppression

جائح jā’iḥ crushing, devastating; disastrous

جائحة jā’iḥa pl. جوائح jawā’iḥ2 calamity, disaster, ruin; epldemic; crop damage

جوخ jūḳ pl. اجواخ ajwāḳ broadcloth

جاد (جود ) jāda u (جودة jūda) to be or become good, become better, improve; -- (jūd) to grant generously (ب s.th.), be so generous as to do s.th. (ب with verbal noun); to be liberal, openhanded (ب with s.th., على toward s.o.), bestow liberally (ب s.th., على upon s.o.), grant, give lavishly (ب of s.th., على to s.o.), shower (ب على s.o. with); to donate (ب a sum of money, etc.) |جاد بنفسه to sacrifice o.s.; to give up the ghost; جادت عيناه بالدمع (‘aināhu bi-d-dam‘) tears welled from his eyes; جادت السماء (heavens granted rain) it rained II to do well (هـ s.th.); to make better, improve, better, ameliorate (هـ s.th.); to recite (the Koran; cf. تجويد ) IV to do well, do excellently (هـ s.th.); to master (هـ s.th.), be skilled, proficient (هـ in), be an expert (هـ at), be conversant (هـ with an art or field of knowledge); to accomplish or say good, excellent thing; to achieve excellent results; to be excellent, outstanding, distinguish o.s. (e.g., as a poet) |اجاد لغة (lugatan) to master language; اجاد العزف على البيانو (‘azfa) to play the piano well X to think (هـ s.th.) good or excellent, approve of (هـ ); to consider (هـ s.th.) suitable for or appropriate to (ل )

جود jūd openhandedness, liberality, generosity

جود jaud heavy rains

جادة see under2 جد

جودة jūda goodness, excellence

جيد jayyid pl. جياد jiyād good, perfect, faultless; outstanding, excellent, first-rate; good (as an examination grade); جيدا jayyidan well, excellently; thoroughly | جيد جدا (jidda) very good (also as an examination grade)

اجود ajwad2 better ,

جواد jawād pl. اجواد ajwād, اجاود ajāwid2, اجاويد ajawīd2, جود jūd openhanded, liberal, generous, magnanimous; jawād pl. جياد jiyād, اجياد ajyād, اجاويد ajāwīd2 race horse, racer; charger | ابن الاجواد noble man

تجويد tajwīd art of reciting the Koran, Koran reading (in accordance with established rule, of pronunciation and intonation)

مجيد mujīd adept, efficient, proficient

جودار jaudār see جاودار (alphabetically)

جار (جور ) jāra u (jaur) to deviate, stray (عن from); to commit an outrage (على on), bear down (على upon), wrong, persecute, oppress, tyrannize (على s.o.); to encroach, make inroads (على on another’s territory) III to be the neighbor of s.o. (ه ), live next door to (ه ); to be adjacent, be next (هـ to s.th.), adjoin (هـ s.th.); to be in the immediate vicinity of (ه هـ ), be close to (ه, هـ ); to border (هـ on) IV to grant asylum or a sanctuary (ه to s.o.); to protect (ه s.o., من from), take (ه s.o.) under one’s wing; to stand by s.o. (ه ), aid (ه s.o.) VI to be neighbors; to be adjacent; to have a common border X to seek protection, seek refuge (ب with s.o., من from s.th.), appeal for aid (ه to s.o., من against s.th.)

جور jaur injustice; oppression, tyranny; outrage

جار jār pl. جيران jīrān neighbor; refugee; protégé, charge

جارة jāra pl. -āt neighboress

جيرة jīra neighborhood

جورة jūra pl. جور juwar pit, hole

جورى see alphabetically

جوار jiwār neighborhood, proximity; بجوار in the neighborhood of, in the vicinity of, near, close to

مجاورة mujāwara neighborhood, proximity

جائر jā’ir pl. جورة jawara, جارة jāra unjust. unfair; tyrannical, despotic; tyrant, oppressor, despot

مجاور mujāwir neighboring, adjacent; near, close by; (pl. -ūn) student (esp. of Al Azhar University; living in the vicinity of the Mosque)

ئمجير mujīr protector

متجاور mutajāwir having a common border; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous

جورب jaurab pl. جوارب jawārib2 stocking; sock

جورجيا jorjiyā Georgia (republic of the U.S.S.R.)

1 جوري jūrī damask rose (Rosa damascena, bot.); crimson

2 جوري (Engl.) jūrī jury

1(جوز) جاز jāza u (جواز jawāz, مجاز majāz) to pass, come, travel (هـ through); to pass (هـ an examination, a test); to be allowed, permitted, permissible; to be possible, conceivable; to work, succeed (عليه with s.o.; deceit, artifice) |جازت عليه الحيلة (ḥīla) the trick worked with him, he fell for the trick II to permit, allow (هـ s.th.); to approve (هـ of), sanction, warrant, authorize (هـ s.th.) III to pass (هـ s.th. or by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (هـ ); to go beyond s.th. (هـ ), overstep, cross, leave behind (هـ s.th.), also, e.g., جاوز الثلاثين من العمر (‘umr) he is past thirty; to exceed, surpass (هـ s.th.); to pass over s.th. (عن ), disregard (عن s.th.), pay no attention (عن to); to let (عن s.th.) go unpunished; to give up, forgo, relinquish (عن s.th.) IV to traverse, cross (هـ s.th., الى on the way to); to permit, allow (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.); to authorize (هـ ل s.o. to do s.th., also هـ ه ); to license (هـ s.th.); to approve, confirm, endorse (هـ a decision, a judgment); to approve (هـ of s.th.), sanction (هـ s.th.) V to tolerate, suffer, bear VI to pass (هـ s.th. or by s.th.), go or walk past s.th. (هـ ); to go beyond s.th. (هـ ), overstep, cross, leave behind (هـ s.th.); to exceed, surpass (هـ s.th., also على ); to go too far, overstep all bounds, encroach, make inroads; to pass over s.th. (عن ), disregard (عن s.th.) pay no attention (عن to); to give up, forgo, relinquish (A s.th.); to refrain from) VIII to pass, run, go (هـ through), cut across (هـ ); to cross (هـ a border, a street, a mountain range); to traverse (هـ a country or sea); to cover (هـ a distance); to pass (هـ through the mind; said of ideas, thoughts); to go (هـ through hard times or a crisis); to surmount, overcome (هـ a crisis) X to deem permissible (هـ s.th.); to ask permission

جوز jauz pl. اجواز ajwāz heart, center (of a desert, of a large area, etc.) | فى اجواز amid, in the middle of, in; فى اجواز الفضاء (faḍā’) in space

جواز jawāz permissibility, admissibility; lawfulness, legality; permission, (official) permit, license, authorization; possibility, conceivability; passing (of an examination) | جواز السفر j. as-safar (pl. -āt) (traveling) passport

مجاز majāz crossing; passage; corridor (pol.-georgr.); metaphor, figurative expression (rhet.) |مجازا majāzanl, على سبيل المجاز figuratively, metaphorically

مجازى majāzī figurative, metaphorical

اجازة ijāza pl. -āt permission, authorization; approval; license; = Fr. licence as an academic degree; permit; vacation, leave (of absence) | اجازة الحصر i. al-ḥaṣr grant of patent, issue of letters patent; patent; اجازة قنصلية (qunṣulīya) exequatur of a consul (dipl.); اجازة مرضية (maraḍīya) sick leave; الاجازات المدرسية (madrasīya) school vacation; غائب بالاجازة on leave, on vacation

مجاوزة mujāwaza and تجاوز tajāwuz crossing; exceeding; overdraft, overdrawing (of an account); disregard (عن for); relinquishment (عن of s.th.)

اجتياز ijtiyāz traversing, crossing; passage; transit; covering (of a distance); passing (of an examination); surmounting (of difficulties)

جائز jā’iz permitted, lawful, legal; conceivable, thinkable

جائزة jā’iza pl. جوائز jawā’iz2 prize, reward, premium |جائزة دراسية (dirāsīya) stipend, scholarship

مجاز mujāz licensed; licentiate (as an academic title, = Fr. licencié; e.g., مجاز فى العلوم licencié ès sciences)

2 جوز = زوج II to give in marriage

جوز jauz pl. اجواز ajwāz = زوج couple

مجوز (syr.; pronounced məžwez, < مزوج muzwaj) wind instrument with a double pipe, corresponding to the Egyptian zummāra)

3 الجوزاء al-jauzā’ Gemini (astron.)

4 جوز jauz (coll.; n. un. ة pl. -āt) walnut |جوز الطيب j. aṭ-ṭīb nutmeg; جوز القيء j. al-qai’ nux vomioa; جوز الهند j. al-hind, جوز هندي (hindī) coconut; جوز القز j. alqazz cocoon, chrysalis of the silkworm

جوزة gōza (eg.) narghile

جوزي jauzī nut (used attributively and in compounds); nut-brown, hazel

5 جاز look up alphabetically

جوزل jauzal pl. جوازل jawāzil2 young pigeon

(جوس) جاس jāsa u to peer around, pry around, look around (خلال kilāla in); to search, investigate, explore (هـ s.th.) VIII to search, investigate, explore (هـ s.th.)

جوسق jausaq pl. جواسق jawāsiq2 palace; manor, villa

جويطة gawīṭa pl. جوائط gawā’iṭ2 (eg.) dowel, peg

جاع (جوع ) jā‘a u to be hungry; to starve II to cause (ه s.o.) to starve, starve out, famish (ه s.o.) IV do.

جوع jū‘ hunger, starvation |مات جوعا to starve to death

جوعان jau‘ān2, f. جوعى jau‘ā’, pl. جياع jiyā‘ hungry, starved, famished

مجاعة majā‘a pl. -āt famine

جائع jā’i‘ pl. جياع jiyā‘,جوع juwwa‘ hungry, starved, famished

تجويع tajwī‘ starving out

اجاعة ijā‘a starving out

جوف II to make hollow, hollow out (هـ s.th.)

جوف jauf pl. اجواف ajwāf hollow, cavity; depression; interior, inside, center, heart; belly, abdomen; north (magr.) |في جوف inside, in the interior of, in the middle of; في جوف الليل (j. il-lail) or جوف الليل (jaufa) in the middle of the night

جوفي jaufī inner, interior, inside; subterranean, underground, subsurface (of geological strata); northern (magr.) | مياه جوفية ground water

1 اجوف ajwaf2, f. جوفاء jaufā’, pl. جوف jūf hollow; empty; vain, futile, inane, pointless, senseless

تجويف tajwīf pl. تجاواف tajāwīf2, hollow, cavity

مجوف mujawwaf hollowed out, hollow

جوق jauq pl. اجواق ajwāq and جوقة jauqa pl. -āt troop, group; theatrical troupe, operatic company; choir (mus.); orchestra, band (also جوقة موسيقية) | مدير الجوق mudīr al-j. conductor, bandleader, choir leader; جوقة الشرف j. aš-šaraf Legion of Honor

1 جال (جول ) jāla u (jaul, جولة jaula, تجوال tajwāl, جولان jawalān) to roam, rove, wander about; to move freely, be at home (في in a field of learning), occupy o.s. (في with); to be circulated, go the rounds; to pass (في, ب through the mind)|جال برأسه to preoccupy s.o., engross s.o.’s attention; ما يجول في خاطره (بخاطره ) what he is preoccupied with, what is on his mind; جال الدمع في عينيه (dam‘, ‘ainaihi) his eyes swam in tears; جالت يده في (yaduhū) he laid his hands on, he committed defalcations of IV to circulate, pass around (هـ s.th.) |اجال الرأي (ra’ya) to weigh s.th. thoroughly, ponder s.th.; اجال النظر (naẓara) to let one’s eyes wander about; to look around V to roam, rove, wander about, move around; to patrol, go the rounds; to cruise; to tour, travel from place to place, travel about

جولة jaula pl. -āt circuit, round; patrol; excursion, outing; tour; (round) trip; voyage, run (of a steamer); (round-trip) flight (of an airplane); round (in sports)

جوال jawwāl wandering, migrant, itinerant, roving; cruising; traveling; ambulant; traveler, tourist; see also alphabetically | رام جوال rāmin jawwāl pl. رماة جوالة rumāh jawwāla rifleman (mil.; Syr.)

جوالة jawwāla one given to roaming or traveling; wanderer, wayfarer; O motorcycle; cruiser

تجوال tajwāl migration, wandering, roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism

جولان jawalān migration, wandering, roving, traveling; nomadic life, nomadism | جولان اليد j. al-yad embezzlement, defalcation

مجال majāl pl. -āt room, space (ل for s.th.); field, domain, sphere; scope, extent; reach; range; elbowroom, free scope; play, clearance; field (magn.)|ما ترك مجالا للشك (šakk) to admit of no doubt; لا مجال للطعن فيه (majālan, ṭa‘n) (it is) incontestable; في هذا المجال in this connection; ودع المجال امامه فسيحا (amāmahū) to give s.o. a free hand, wide scope of action; مجال حيوي (ḥayawī) lebensraum; مجال العمل m. al-‘amal field of activity; مجال مغنطيسي (magnaṭīsī) magnetic field; شدة المجال šiddat al-m. field intensity (magn.)

تجول tajawwul roaming, roving, wandering, migration; going out, moving about; patrol, round; (round) trip, tour; traveling | منع التجول man‘ at-t. curfew

بائع جاول bā’i‘ jāwil pl. باعة جائلون peddler, hawker

متجول mutajawwil wandering, migrant, roaming, roving, itinerant; ambulant; traveling; traveler |وكيل متجول traveling salesman; بياع متجول (bayyā‘) peddler, hawker; قسيس متجول (qissīs) itinerant preacher

2 جوال look up alphabetically

جولف golf golf (eg.)

جام look up alphabetically

جون jūn pl اجوان ajwān gulf, inlet, bay

جونلة , جونلا, جونيلة (It. gonnella)gonella pl. -āt (woman’s) skirt (eg.)

جاه look up alphabetically

جوهر II tajauhara to become substance

جوهر jauhar pl. جواهر jawāhir2 intrinsic, essential nature, essence; content, substance (as opposed to form; philos.); matter, substance; atom; jewel, gem; pl. jewelry |الزيف والجوهر (zaif) the spurious and the genuine

جوهرة jauhara jewel, gem

جوهري jauharī substantial; intrinsic, essential, inherent; fundamental, main, chief, principal; material; jeweler

جوهرجي jauharjī jeweler

مجوهرات mugauharāt (eg.) jewelry, trinkets; jewels, gems

1 جوى jawiya a (jawan) to be passionately stirred by love or grief

جوى jawan ardent love, passion

2 جاوى look up alphabetically

جويدار = جاودار look up alphabetically

جاء (جيء ) jā’a يجيء yajī’u (مجيء majī’) to come (ه, هـ to); to get (هـ to), reach (هـ a place); to arrive; to bring (ب s.th.; ب ه to s.o. s.th.); to bring forth, produce (ب s.th.); to set forth (ب s.th.); to do, perform; to commit, perpetrate (هـ s.th.); to occur, be mentioned, be said (فى in an article, document or book); (with foll. Imperf.) to be about or set out to do s.th. |جاء فى جريدة الأهرام ان the newspaper “Al Ahram” reports that ; جاء من باريس ان a report from Paris says that ; جاءت نتائجه مطابقة ل (muṭābiqatan) its results coincided with ...

جيئة jī’a, jai’a coming, arrival |جيئة وذهاب (dahāb) coming and going, ذهب جيئة وذهابا to pace the floor, walk up and down

مجيء majī’ coming, arrival, advent

الجائيات al-jā’iyāt the things to come

1 جيب jaib pl. جيوب juyūb breast, bosom, heart; sine (math.); hole, hollow, cavity, excavation; pocket; purse | الجيب الخاص (ḳaṣṣ) the privy purse; تمام الجيب tamām al-j., جيب التمام cosine (math.); ساعة الجيب pocket watch; مصروف الجيب pocket money; الجيوب الانفية (anfīya) the nasal sinuses (anat.); جيوب المقاومة j. al-muqāwama pockets of resistance (mil.)

جيبي jaibī pocket (adj.)

2 جيب jīp, جيب jīb and سيارة جيب sayyārat j. jeep

ﭽيت (ir.) čīt a colorful cotton fabric, chintz

1 جيد jīd pl. اجياد ajyād, جيود juyūd neck

2 جيد jayyid see جود

3 جياد , اجياد see جواد jawād

1 جير jairi surely, truly, verily

2 جير jīr lime

جير jīrī calcareous, lime (adj.)

جيار jayyār unslaked lime

جيارة jayyāra limekiln

3 جير II to endorse (fin.)

جيرو (It. giro) endorsement (fin.)

4 جيرة , جيران see جور

جيزة gīza Giza (city in N Egypt); a brand of Egyptian cotton

جاش (جيش ) jāša i (جيشان jayašān) to be excited, be agitated; to rage, storm; to boil, simmer II to levy troops, mobilize an army X to raise, mobilize (هـ an army, also, e.g., انصارا anṣāran followers)

جيش jaiš pl. جيوش army, troops, armed forces | جيش الاحتلال occupation forces; جيش احتياطي army reserve; جيش مرابط (murābiṭ) territorial army; الانقاذ جيش j. al-inqād Salvation Army; جيش المساء al-masā’ dusk, evening twilight

جياش jayyāš agitated, impassioned; excited, boiling up; ebullient; pleasurably excited, happily stimulated

جيشان jayašān excitement, agitation; raging

جاف (جيف ) jāfa i, II and V to be putrid, stink (decaying cadaver)

جيفة jīfa pl. جيف jiyaf, اجياف ajyāf corpse, cadaver

ﭽيكى čīkī Czech

جيل jīl pl. اجيال ajyāl people, nation, tribe; generation; century; epoch, era

جيلاتي (It. gelati) jēlātī ice cream

جيم jīm name of the letter ج

جين (Fr. gaine) corselet, sheath corset (eg.)

جيوغرافيا jiyogrāfiyā geography | الجيوغرافيا البشرية (bašarīya) anthropogeography

جيوفيزيا jiyofīziyā geophysics

جيوفيزيائي jiyofīziyā’ī geophysical | السنة الجيوفيزيائية (sana) the geophysical year

جيوفيزيقي jiyofīzīqī geophysical

جيولوجيا jiyolōjiyā geology

جيولوجي jiyolōjī geologic(al)

ح

حاء ḥā’ name of the letter ح

حاخام ḥāḳām rabbi|الحاخام الاكبر the chief rabbi

حؤول see حول

حامى ḥāmī Hamitic

حان and حانة see حين

حانبة (pronounced ḥamba) pl. حوانب ḥawānib2 (formerly Tun.) hamba, palace gendarme of the Bey of Tunis

حانوت see حنو

1 حب ḥabba i (ḥubb) to love, like II to evoke (الى in s.o.) love or a liking (ه, هـ for s.th. or s.o.), make (الى s.o.) love or like (ه, هـ s.th. or s.o.); to endear (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), make (هـ s.th.) dear, lovable, attractive (الى for s.o.), make (هـ s.th.) palatable, acceptable (الى to s.o.); to urge (الى هـ s.th. on s.o.), suggest (الى s.th. to s.o.) IV (حب ḥubb, محبة maḥabba) to love, like (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to wish, want, or like, to do s.th. (ان)|احب ان uḥibbu an I should like to ; احب له ان to like about s.o. that he ; لا يحب الخير له (ḳaira) he doesn’t want him to be happy, he grudges him everything V to show love, reveal one’s affections (الى to s.o.); to endear o. s. (الى to s.o.), make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s. (الى with s.o.); to court, woo (الى a woman) VI to love one another X to like (هـ s.th.); to deem (هـ s.th.) desirable, recommendable; to prefer (على هـ s.th. to s.th. else)

حب ḥubb love; affection, attachment |حب الذات ḥ. ad-dāt self-love, amour-propre; حب الاستطلاع curiosity, inquisitiveness; حب الوطن ḥ. al-waṭan patriotism; حبا ل (ḥubban) out of love or affection for, out of friendship for; حبا في in the desire to …

حبي ḥubbī friendly, amicable, loving; حبيا ḥubbīyan in an amicable manner, amicably; by fair means (jur.)

حب ḥibb pl. احباب aḥbāb darling, dear, dearest (one)

حباب ḥabāb aim, goal, end

حبيب ḥabīb pl. احباء aḥibbā’2, احبة aḥibba, احباب beloved, sweetheart, lover; darling; dear one, friend; dear (الى to s.o.); popular; الاحباب the beloved ones, the dear ones

حبيبة labība pl. حبائب ḥabā’ib2 sweet·heart, darling, beloved woman

احب aḥabb2 dearer, more desirable, preferable (الى to s.o.)

حبذا ḥabbadā (with foll. Nominative) how nice, how lovely is ! how good, excellent, perfect is …! | حبذا لو how nice it would be if …; حبذا الحال لو فعل h. l-ḥālu lau fa‘ala it would be nice, or he would do well, if he did it; يا حبذا الحال (ḥālu) that’s just wonderful!

محبة maḥabba love; affection, attachment |محبة الوطن m. al-waṭan patriotism

تحبب taḥabbub courtship, wooing

تحابب taḥābub mutual love, concord, harmony

محبوب maḥbūb beloved; dear; lovable, desirable; popular; favorite; beloved one, lover; (pl. محابيب maḥābīb2) gold piece, sequin (in Ottoman times; eg.)

محبوبة maḥbūba sweetheart, darling, beloved woman

محبب muḥabbab agreeable, pleasant, desirable, lovable, dear (الى to s.o.); nice, likable

محب muḥibb pl. -ūn loving; lover; fancier, amateur, fan; friend |محب الناس philanthropic(al), affable; محبنا العزيز our

dear friend; محبو الآثار friends of archeology; محب لذاته (li-datihī) egoist

متحاب mutaḥābb loving one another, concordant

مستحب mustaḥabb (re)commendable, desirable (said of acts whose neglect is not punished by God, but whose performance is rewarded; Isl. Law); well-liked, popular

2 حب II to produce seed, go to seed (plant); to bear seed (grain); to granulate, become granulated; to granulate (هـ s.th.) IV to produce seed

حب ḥabb (coll.; n. un. ة ) grains; seed; -- pl. حبوب ḥubūb grain, cereals, corn; seed(s); grains, kernels; granules; pellets; pills, pastilles; berries; acne, pustules, pimples|حب العزيز chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.; bot.); حب الفقد ḥ. al-faqad chaste tree (Vitex agous castus L.; bot.); croton seeds (seeds of Croton tiglium; bot.); (magr.) cherries; حب الهال ḥ. al-hāl and (حبهان) حب الهان ḥ. al-hān cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.); حب الغمام ḥ. al-gamām hail, hail-stones

حبة ḥabba (n. un.; see also حب ḥabb) pl. -āt grain, granule; seed; kernel; pill, pastille; berry; pustule, pimple; triviality, trille; a square measure (Eg.; = 58.345 m2); pl. حبات beads (of the rosary)|حبة شعير ḥ. ša‘īr a linear measure (Eg.; = 0.205 cm); حبة حلوة (ḥulwa) aniseed; حبة سوداء (saudā’) black caraway (Nigella sativa L.; bot.); حبات الرمال grains of sand; حبة العين ḥ. al-‘ain eyeball; pupil (of the eye); حبة القلب ḥ. al-qalb dearest one, beloved, darling

حبب ḥabab blister

حبيبة ḥubaiba pl. -āt little grain, small kernel; small pimple or pustule

حبيبي ḥubaibī granular, granulated| الرمد الحبيبي (ramad) trachoma (med.)

حبحب ḥabḥab (coll.) watermelon (hij.)

حباحب ḥubāḥib firefly, glowworm

حبذ II to approve, think wall (هـ of s.th.), commend (هـ s.th.); to applaud, acclaim, cheer (ه s.o., هـ s.th.)

حبذا see1 حب

تحييذ taḥyīd approval; acclamation, acclaim, applause, cheering

حبر ḥabara u (ḥabr) to gladden, make happy, delight (ه s.o.); -- ḥabira a (حبور ḥubūr) to be glad, happy II to embellish, refine, make workmanlike (هـ s.th.); to compose (هـ s.th.) in elegant style; to write, compose (هـ s.th.)

حبر ḥibr ink|ام الحبر umm al-ḥibr squid, cuttlefish; حبر على ورق (waraq) mere ink on paper, of no effect (e.g., an agreement, a treaty)

حبر ḥabr, ḥibr pl. احبار aḥbār a non-Muslim religious authority, learned man, scribe; hishop; rabbi|الحبر الاعظم the Pope; سفر الاحبار sifr al-a. Leviticus (Old Test.)

حبري ḥabrī pontifical |قداس حبري (quddās) pontifical mass (Chr.)

حبرية ḥabrīya office or dignity of a bishop, bishopric, pontificate

حبرة ḥabara, ḥibara pl. -āt silken shawl or wrap (worn in public by ladies)

حبار ḥabār, ḥibār pl. -āt mark, trace (esp. of blows), welt, wale

حبور ḥubūr joy

حباري ḥubārā pl. حباريات ḥubārayāt bustard (zool.)

يحبور yaḥbūr bustard chick (zool.)

محبر miḥbara, maḥbara pl. محابر maḥābir2 inkwell

حبس ḥabasa i (ḥabs) to obstruct, shut off, confine (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), block, bar, hold back, check (هـ s.th. عن from; also tears, laughter, etc.); to withhold (هـ عن from s.o. s.th.); to hold in custody, detain (ه s.o.) to apprehend, arrest, jail, imprison (ه s.o.); to keep, keep back, put aside, put away (على هـ s.th. for); to tie up, invent inalienably (هـ capital) |حبس نفسه على to devote o.s. entirely to ; حبس يده عن (yadahū) to take (s.th.) out from under s.o.’s power; حبس عليه انفاسه (anfāsahū) to make s.o. catch his breath, take s.o.’s breath away; حبس مع الشغل ḥubisa ma‘a š-šugl he was committed to prison under hard labor II to tie up inalienably (هـ funds, على for, esp. for a pious purpose), make a religious bequest (هـ , for the benefit of على ) VII to be held back, be held up, stop, be interrupted, intermit; to restrain o.s., hold back VIII to block, obstruct, bar, confine (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to detain, hold in custody (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to hold back, retain, suppress (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to be detained, held up; to be impeded, held back; to falter, break, fail (voice), stop (breath)

حبس ḥabs (act of) holding or keeping back, obstruction, check, repression; blocking off, barring, confinement; damming up, staving off; safekeeping, custody, retention; imprisonment, arrest, detention, jailing; (pl. حبوس ḥubūs) prison, jail |حبس احتياطي (iḥtiyāṭī) detention (pending investigation); حبس انفرادي (infirādī) solitary confinement; حبس شديد penal servitude

حبس ḥibs pl. احباس dam, weir, barrage

حبس ḥubs, ḥubūs pl. احباس aḥbās (Tun., Alg. Mor. = waqf) inalienable property the yield of which is devoted to pious purposes, religious bequest, (Fr. jur.) “habous”|حبس عام (‘āmm) public habous, حبس خاص (ḳaṣṣ) private habous; كان حبسا على ( = كان وقفا على ) to be entirely dependent on …

حبسة ḥubsa speech defect, impediment of speech

حبيس ḥabīs blocked-off, shut-off, barred, confined, locked-up; secluded; bated (breath); choking (voice); (pl. حبساء ḥubasā’2) hermit

محبس maḥbas, maḥbis pl. محابس maḥābis2 place where s.th. is confined or locked up; jail, prison; (prison) cell

محبس miḥbas device for shutting off or blocking off

محبسة maḥbasa hermitage

انحباس inḥibās seclusion, confinement; stoppage, interruption; cessation

احتباس iḥtibās retention, restraint; inhibition, impediment, obstruction, stoppage |احتباس البول iḥtibās al-baul suppression of urine, ischuria

محبوس maḥbūs shut-off (from the outside world), isolated, secluded, confined, locked-up; imprisoned, captive; tied-up (funds); (pl. محابس maḥābis2) prisoner, prison inmate, convict

محبس muḥabbis donor of a habous (see حبس ḥubs)

المحبس عليه al-muḥabbas ‘alaihi beneficiary of a habous (see حبس ḥubs)

منحبس munhabis secluded, shut-off

الحبش al-ḥabaš Abyssinia, Ethiopia; (pl. الاحباش al-aḥbāš) the Abyssinians, Ethiopians

الحبشة al-ḥabaša (and بلاد الحبش ) Abyssinia, Ethiopia

الحبشي ḥabašī pl. احباش aḥbāš Abyssinian, Ethiopian

حبط ḥabaṭa i (حبوط (ḥubūṭ) and ḥabiṭa a to come to nothing, fail, miscarry, go wrong; to be futile, be of no avail, be lost IV to frustrate, thwart, foil, defeat (هـ s.th., على هـ in s.th. s.o.; negotiations, efforts, an attempt, etc.)

حبط ḥabaṭ scar of a wound, wale, welt

حبوط ḥubūṭ futility, failure

احباط aḥbāṭ frustration, thwarting, foiling

حبق ḥabaq basil (bot.); (eg.) a variety of speedwell (Veronica anagallis aquatica L.)

حبك ḥabaka i u (ḥabk) to weave well and tight (هـ s.th.); to braid, plait (هـ s.th.); to twist, twine, tighten (هـ s.th.); to knit (هـ s.th.); to devise, contrive (هـ a plan, a plot) II to twist, twine, tighten (هـ s.th.) to fasten (هـ s.th.)

حبكة ḥabka fabric, tissue; texture, structure

حبك ḥubuk: p. حبك النجوم ḥ. an-nujūm the orbits of the celestial bodies

حباكة ḥibāka weavers trade, weaving

محبوك maḥbūk tightly woven; tight, taut; sturdy, strong, robust, husky

محتبك muḥtabik interwoven, intersecting

1 حبل VIII to ensnare, catch in a snare (هـ , ه s.o., s.th.)

حبل ḥabl pl. حبال ḥibāl, احبل aḥbul, حبول ḥubūl, احبال aḥbāl rope, cable, hawser; cord, string, thread; (pl. حبال ḥibāl) beam, ray (e.g., of the sun, of light), jet (e.g., of water); vein; sinew, tendon |حبل الوريد jugular vein; الحبل السري (surrī) umbilical cord; الحبل الشوكي (šaukī) spine; حبال صوتية (ṣautīya) vocal cords; حبل المساكين ivy (bot.); حبال الماء jets of water; القى (اطلق) الحبل على الغارب alqā (aṭlaqa) l-ḥabla ‘alā l-gārib to let things go, slacken the reins, give a free hand, impose no restraint; ارتخاء الحبل slackening of the reins, yielding; relenting; اضطرب حبله iḍṭraba ḥabluhū to get into a state of disorder, of disorganization, of disintegration, get out of control; تعب على الحبلين (la‘iba, ḥablain) to play a double game, work both side, of the street

احبولة uḥbūla pl. احابيل aḥābīl2 snare, net; rope with a noose; pl. احابيل tricks, wiles, artifices, stratagems (in order to get s.th.)

حبالة ḥibāla pl. حبائل ḥabā’il2 snare, net

حابل ḥābil: اختلط الحابل بالنابل (iḳtalaṭa) everything became confused, got into a state of utter confusion; حابل ونابلهم all together, all in a medley

2 حبل ḥlabila a (ḥabal) to be or become pregnant, conceive and IV to make pregnant ( ها a woman)

حبل ḥabal conception; pregnancy

حبلى ḥublā pl. حبالى ḥabālā and حبلانة ḥablāna pregnant

حبن ḥabana dropsy

حبهان (حبب الهان ḥabb al-hān) cardamom (Amomum cardamomum L.; bot.)

حبا (حبو ) ḥabā u (ḥabw) to crawl, creep: to present (هـ ه s.o. with s.th.), give, award (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) III to be obliging (ه to s.o.), show one’s good will (ه toward s.o.); to favor (ه s.o.); to side (ه with s.o.), be partial (ه to s.o.); to show respect, deference (ه to s.o.) VIII to sit with one’s legs drawn up and wrapped in one's garment

حبوة ḥibwa, ḥubwa, ḥabwa gift, present

حباء ḥibā’ gift, present

محاباة muḥābāh obligingness complaisance, courtesy; favor(ing), favoritism, partiality

حت ḥatta u (ḥatt) to rub off, scrape off, scratch off (هـ s.th.)

حتة ḥitta pl. ḥitat (eg.) piece, bit, morsel

حتى ḥattā (prep.) until, till, up to, as far as; (conj.; with perf.) until, so that; (with subj.) until, that, so that, in order that; --(particle) even, eventually even; and even; حتى لو even if; (with preceding negation) not even, and be it only…

حتات ḥutāt scraps; morsels, crumbs

تحات taḥāt corrosion

حتد ḥatida a (ḥatad) to be of pure origin

محتد maḥtid descent, origin, lineage

حترة ḥutra small piece, bit, trifle

حتار ḥitār pl. حتر ḥutur border, edge, fringe, surroundings, vicinity

حتف ḥatf pl. حتوف ḥutūf death |يبحث عن (يسعى الى) حتفه بظلفه yabḥatu ‘an (yas‘ā ilā) ḥatfihī bi-ẓilfihī he brings about his own destruction, digs his own grave; مات حتف انفه māta ḥatfa anfihī he died a natural death

حتم ḥatama i (ḥatm) to decree, make necessary, prescribe (على هـ s.th. for s.o.), make (هـ s.th.) a duty, a necessity (على for s.o.); to impose, enjoin (على هـ s.th. upon s.o.); to decide, determine definitely (ب s.th.) II to decree, make necessary, prescribe (على هـ s.th. for s.o.), make (هـ s.th.) a duty, a necessity (على for s.o.) V to be necessary; to be s.o.’s (على ) duty, be incumbent (على upon s.o.)

حتم ḥatm pl. حتوم ḥutūm imposition, injunction; final decision, resolution, determination; حتما ḥatman decidedly, definitely, neceaoarily, inevitably

حتمي ḥatmī decided, definite, final, conclusive, definitive, unalterable, irrevocable, inevitable

حتمية ḥatmīya decidedness, definiteness, definitiveness, determinateness, unalterableness; necessity

لا حتمية lā-ḥatmīya indeterminism (philos.)

محتوم maḥtūm imposed, enjoined, obligatory; determined, definitive, determinate, unalterable, ineviroble; destined, predestined, ordained (fate)

محتم muḥattam imposed, enjoined, obligatory; determined, definitive, determinate, unalterable, inevitable; destined, predeotined, ordained (fate)

متحتم mutaḥattim absolutely necessary; imperative (duty)

حتى see حت

1 حث ḥatta u (ḥatt) to urge, incite, prompt, goad, spur on, egg on, prod, provoke, impel (ه s.o., على to do s.th.) |حث خطاه (ḳuṭāhū) to quicken one’s pace, hurry (الى to a place); حث الطريق (ṭarīqa) to hurry, hasten; حث قدميه (qadamaihi) to quicken one’s pace, break into a run VIII and X = I

حثيث ḥatīt quick, rapid, quick

حاثة ḥātta hormone

2 حثي ḥittī Hittite (n. and adj.)

حثالة ḥutāla dregs, lees, sediment; scum (fig.); offal, discard, scraps | حثالة الحرير silk combings

حثا (حثو ) ḥatā u (ḥatw) to strew, scatter, spread, disperse (هـ s.th.)

حج ḥajja u to overcome, defeat (ه s.o., with arguments, with evidence), confute (ه s.o.); to convince (ه s.o.); -- (ḥajj) to make the pilgrimage (to Mecca), perform the hadj III to dispute, debate, argue, reason (ه with s.o.) VI to argue against each other, carry on a dispute, to debate; to take counsel VIII to advance (ب s.th.) as an argument, plea, excuse, or pretext; to allege in support or vindication, plead (ب s.th.); to vindicate, justify (ل s.th.); to protect, remonstrate (على against), object, raise objections (على to)

حج ḥajj and حجة ḥijja pl. -āt, حجج ḥijaj pilgrimage; hadj, the official Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca |ذو الحجة dū l-ḥijja Zu’lhijjah, the last month of the Islamic calendar

حجة ḥujja pl. حجج ḥūjaj argument; pretense, pretext, plea; proof, evidence; document, writ, deed, record; authority |بحجة ان under the pretense that …, on the plea … on the pretext of …

حجاج ḥajāj pl. احجة aḥijja circumorbital ring (anat.)

محج maḥajj destination (of a journey)

محجة maḥajja pl. محاج maḥājj2 destination of a pilgrimage, object of pilgrimage, shrine; destination (of s journey); goal; road; way; procedure, method | محجة الصواب m. aṣ-ṣawāb the Right Way, the Straight Path; محجة الحديد railroad

حجاج ḥijāj argument, dispute, debate

تحجج taḥajjuj argumentation, pleading, offering of a pretext, pretense, excuse

احتجاج iḥtijāj pl. -āt argumentation; pretext, excuse, plea, pretense; protest, remonstrance (على against), objection, exception (على to)

حاج ḥājj pl. حجاج ḥujjāj, حجيج ḥajīj pilgrim; hadji, Mecca pilgrim, honorific title of one who has performed the pilgrimage to Mecca

حجب ḥajaba u (ḥajb) to veil, cover, screen, shelter, seclude (على هـ s.th. from); to hide, obscure (عن هـ s.th. from s.th. else, e.g., from sight); to eclipse, outshine, overshadow (ه s.o.); to make imperceptible, invisible (عن هـ s.th. to); to conceal (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.); to make or form a separation (بين -- وبين between – and) II to veil, hide, conceal; to hide from sight, keep in seclusion (ها a woman); to disguise, mask (ب هـ s.th. with) V to conceal o.s. hide (عن from), flee from sight, veil o.s. VII to veil o.s., conceal o.s.; to be covered up, become hidden be obscured VIII to vanish, become invisible, disappear from sight; to veil conceal (عن hide; to become hidden, be concealed (عن from); to withdraw; to elude perception; to ease or interrupt publication (newspaper, periodical)

حجب ḥajb seclusion; screening off; keeping away, keeping off

حجاب ḥijāb pl. حجب ḥujub, احجبة aḥjiba cover, wrap, drape; curtain; woman’s veil; screen, partition, folding screen; barrier, bar; diaphragm (also الحجاب الحاجز ; anat.); amulet

حجابة ḥijāba office of gatekeeper

احتجاب iḥtijāb concealment, hiddenness, seclusion; veiledness, veiling, purdah

حاجب ḥājib concealing, screening, protecting; (pl. حجاب ḥujjāb, حجبة ḥajaba) doorman, gatekeeper; chamberlain; orderly (Syr., mil.); (pl. حواجب ḥawājib2) eyebrow |حاجب الهواء ḥ. al-hawā’ airtight, hermetic

محجوب maḥjūb concealed, hidden, veiled

1 حجر ḥajara u (ḥajr, ḥijr, ḥujr, حجران ḥijrān, ḥujrān) to deny access (على to s.o.); to stop, detain, hinder (على or ه s.o.); to forbid, interdict (على هـ s.th. to s.o.), prohibit (على s.o.) from doing s.th. (هـ ); to place (على s.o.) under guardianship, declare (على s.o.) legally incompetent

حجر ḥajr restriction, curb(ing), check(ing), obstruction, impeding, limitation, curtailing (على of s.th.); barring, closing, debarment, preclusion; detention; blocking, confinement, containment, suppression (as a protective measure); interdiction, prohibition, ban; revocation, or limitation, of s.o.’s (على ) legal competence |حجرصحي (ṣiḥḥī) quarantine

حجر (ḥijr forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; lap; (pl. احجار aḥjār, حجور ḥujūr, حجورة ḥujūra) mare

حجرة ḥujra pl. ḥujarāt, حجر ḥujar room; cell; (railroad) compartment; chamber |حجرة الانتظار waiting room; حجرة النوم ḥ. an-naum bedroom; الحجرة الفلاحية (fallāḥīya) chamber of agriculture

حجر maḥjar pl. محاجر maḥājir2 military hospital, infirmary; prison, jail, dungeon |محجر صحي (ṣiḥḥī) quarantine, quarantine station

حجر maḥjir, miḥjar, maḥjar pl. محاجر maḥājir2 (=محجر العين m. al-‘ain) eye socket; see also below

تحجير taḥjīr interdiction, prohibition, ban; see also below

محجور maḥjūr pl. محاجر maḥājir2 (and محجور عليه ) one placed under guardianship; minor; ward, charge

2 حجر II to petrify, turn into stone (هـ s.th.); to make hard as stone (هـ s.th.) V to turn to stone, petrify, become petrified

حجر ḥajar pl. احجار aḥjār, حجارة ḥijāra, حجار ḥijār stone; weight (placed as an equipoise on the scale of a balance) |الحجر الاساسي (asāsī) the foundation stone, cornerstone, وضع الحجر الاساسي (waḍ‘) laying of the cornerstone; حجر البلاط ḥ. al-balāṭ flagstone, paving stone; حجر جهنم ḥ. jahannam lunar caustic, silver nitrate; حجر الجير ḥ. al-jīr limestone; الحجر السماقي or حجر السماقي (summāqī) porphyry; الحجر الاسود (aswad) the Black Stone (of the Kaaba); حجر الشادنة hematite (min.); حجر العثرة ḥ. al-‘atra stumbling block; حجر الفلاسفة philosopher’s stone; O حجر القمر ḥ. al-qamar selenite; حجر كريم and حجر ثمين precious stone, gem; طبع على الحجر (tab‘) lithograph; طباعة الحجر Lithography

حجري ḥajarī stony, stone (adj.) |العصر الحجري (‘aṣr) the Stone Age; العصر الحجري الحديث the Neolithic period; العصر الحجري القديم the Paleolithic period

حجير ḥajīr stony, petrified

حجار ḥajjār stone mason, stone cutter

محجر maḥjir pl. محاجر maḥājir2 (stone) quarry

تحجير taḥjīr petrification; stone quarrying

تحجر taḥajjur petrification

متحجر mutaḥajjir petrified

مستحجر mustaḥjir petrified

حجدز ḥajaza u i (ḥajz) to hold back, restrain, hinder, prevent (عن هـ s.th. from); to keep away (عن هـ s.th. from); to block (off), close, bar; to isolate, insulate, confine, seclude; to make inaccessible; to set apart; to separate (بين two things); to arrest, detain; to seize, sequester, impound (على or هـ s.th., e.g., s.o.’s property, salary); to confiscate, safeguard (هـ s.th.); to reserve (هـ s.th.); to make a reservation (هـ for a. theater seat, a steamer cabin, a ticket, etc.) VIII to retain for o.s., reserve to o.s. (هـ s.th.)

حجز ḥajz curbing, prevention, restraint; seclusion, confinement, containment, isolation, insulation, separation; arrest, detention, seizure, confiscation, sequestration (على of s.th.); reservation (of seats) |حجز الحرية ḥ al-ḥurrīya deprivation of liberty, unlawful detention duress (jur.); القى الحجر على (alqā) to confiscate s.th.

الحجاز al-ḥijāz Hejaz, region in W Arabia, on the Red Sea coast

حجازي ḥijāzī of or pertaining to Hejaz; pl. -ūn) an inhabitant of Hejaz

حاجز ḥājiz and حاجزة pl. حواجز ḥawājiz2 obstacle, hindrance, impediment, obstruction; partition, screen, dividing wall j block, blockade, road block; fence, gate, railing, balustrade; hurdle; bar, barrier; barricade | الحجاب الحاجز diaphragm (anat.); O حاجز الامواج breakwater; الحواجز القمرقية (الجمركية ) (qumruqīya, gumrukīya) customs barriers; O حاجزة الصواعق lightning rod

موظف حاجز muwaẓẓaf ḥājiz approx.: bailiff

1 محاجفة muḥājafa singlestick fencing

2 احجاف iḥjāf = اجحاف

حجل ḥajala u i (ḥajl, حجلان ḥajalān) to hop, leap; to skip, gambol

حجل ḥajl, ḥijl pl. حجول ḥujūl, احجال aḥjāl anklet

حجل ḥajal (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. حجلان ḥajlān, حجلى ḥijlā partridge; mountain partridge, mountain quail

حجل ḥajala pl. حجال ḥijāl curtained canopy, or alcove, for the bride | رباط الحجال rabbāṭ al-ḥ. the ladies

لعبة الحجلة la‘bat al-ḥajala hopscotch

محجل muḥajjal wearing anklets (woman); white-footed (horse); bright, brilliant, radiant; unique, singular, esp. in the phrase أغر محجل (agarr2)

حجم ḥajama u (ḥajm) to cup (ه s.o.; med.) IV to recoil, shrink, flinch (عن from); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from), forbear (عن s.th.); to withdraw, retreat

حجم ḥajm pl. حجوم ḥujūm, احجام aḥjām bulk, size, volume; caliber (of a cannon) |كبير الحجم bulky, sizable, massive

حجام ḥajjām cupper

حجامة ḥijāma cupping, scarification, art of cupping

محجم miḥjam, mمحجم miḥjama pl. محاجم maḥājim2 cupping glass

احجام iḥjām desistance, abstention; restraint, aloofness, reserve

حجن ḥajana i (ḥajn) to bend, curve, crook (هـ s.th.) VIII to snatch up, grab (هـ s.th.) take hold (هـ of s.th.)

احجن aḥjan2 curved, crooked, bent

محجن miḥjan pl. محاجن maḥājin2 staff or stick with a crooked end, crosier; hook

حجا به خيرا (حجو ) ḥajā bihī ḳairan to think well of s.o., have a good opinion of s.o. III to propose a riddle (ه to s.o.); to speak in riddles, be enigmatic

حجا , حجى ḥijan pl. احجاء aḥjā’ intellect, brains, understanding, discernment, acumen, sagacity, wit, intelligence

حجي ḥajiy appropriate, suitable, proper (ب for)

احجى aḥjā more appropriate, more suitable, more proper; more correct, better

احجية uḥjīya pl. احاجى aḥājīy, احاج aḥājin riddle, puzzle, enigma

حخام ḥaḳām = حاخام (look up alphabetically)

حد ḥadda u (ḥadd) to sharpen, hone (هـ a knife); to delimit, delineate, demarcate, mark off, stake off (هـ land, من from); to set bounds (هـ to s.th.), limit, restrict, confine (هـ s.th.); to impede, hinder, curb, check (من or هـ s.th.); -- i (حدة ḥidda) to become furious, angry (على at): -- i u (حداد ḥidād) to wear mourning, mourn (على the deceased) II to sharpen, hone (هـ a knife); to forge (هـ s.th.; syr.); to delimit, demarcate (هـ s.th.); to set bounds (هـ to s.th.), circumscribe, mark off, delineate sharply; to limit, restrict, confine (من or هـ s.th.); to determine, appoint, assign, schedule, lay down, set down, establish (هـ s.th.); to fix). e.g., prices); to define (هـ s.th.) |حدد بصره (baṣarahū) to dart sharp glances; to scrutinize (في s.th.), look sharply (في at s.th.) III to oppose (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) act contrary (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), contravene, counteract, violate (هـ s.th.) IV to sharpen, make sharp (هـ s.th.) | احد النظر الى (naẓar) to look sharply at, stare at; احد بصره (baṣarahū) to dart sharp glances; to scrutinize (في s.th.), look sharply (في at s.th.); احد من بصره (baṣarihī) to glance sharply; -- to put on garments of mourning V to be delimited, be delineated, be bounded, be circumscribed; to be determined, be established, be set down, be scheduled, be fixed; to by defined, be definable VIII to be or become angry; to become infuriated, be furious (على at), be exasperated (على with); to be agitated, be upset, be in a state of commotion

حد ḥadd pl. حدود ḥudūd (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); edge, border, brink, brim, verge; border (of a country), boundary, borderline; limit (fig.), the utmost, extremity, termination, end, terminal point, terminus; a (certain) measure, extent, or degree (attained); (math.) member (of an equation), term (of a fraction, of a proportion); divine ordinance, divine statute; legal punishment (Isl. Law) |لحد li-ḥaddi or الى حد until, till, up to, to the extent of, الى حد الآن, لحد الآن li-ḥ. l-āna up to now, so far; الى حد ما (ḥaddin) to a certain degree, to a certain extent; الى حد كبير, الى حد بعيد to a considerable extent or degree, considerably, extensively; الى أي حد (ayyi ḥaddin) how far, to what degree or extent; لا حد له (ḥadda) boundless, infinite, unbounded, unlimited; بلا حد bi-lā ḥaddin,

الى غير حد ilā gairi ḥaddin boundless, unlimited, without limits; على حد سواء ‘alā ḥaddin sawā’, على حد سوى ‘alā ḥaddin siwan in the same manner; equally, likewise; على حد (ḥaddi) according to, commensurate with; في حد ذاته fī ḥaddi dātihī and بحد ذاته in itself, as such; الحد الاعلى (a‘lā), الحد الاقصى (aqṣā) the maximum; الحد الادنى (adnā) the minimum; (حد عمري ‘umrī) age limit; ذو حدين dū ḥaddain two-edged; في حدود (ḥudūdi) within, within the framework of; بلغ اقصى حدوده (aqṣā ḥudūdihI) to attain its highest degree; حدود الله the bounds or restrictions that God has placed on man's freedom of action

حدة ḥidda sharpness, keenness; pitch (of a tone); distinctiveness, markedness; vehemence, violence, impetuosity; fury, rage, wrath, ire, anger; excitability, irascibility, passionateness

حدة ḥida see وحد

حدد ḥadad forbidden

حداد ḥidād (act of) mourning (على over) | ثوب الحداد taub al-h. garmente of mourning; حداد البلاط ḥ. al-balāt court mourning

حديد ḥadīd iron; pl. حدائد ḥadā’id2 iron parts (of a structure); forgings, hardware, ironware | حديد خام crode iron, pig iron, iron ore; O حديد مطاوع (mutāwi‘) wrought iron; حديد غفل (gufl) unprocessed iron, pig iron; ظهر الحديد ẓahr al-ḥ. حديد الظهر cast iron; سكة الحديد sikkat al-ḥ. railroad; ضرب في حديد بريد see ضرب

حديد ḥadīd pl. حداد ḥidād, احداء aḥiddā’2, احدة aḥidda sharp (knife, eye, tongue, etc.), keen (mind)

احد aḥadd2 sharper, keener; more vehement, more violent

حديدة ḥadīda pl. حدائد ḥadā’id2 piece of iron; object or tool made of iron | حديد الحرث ḥ. al-ḥart plowshare; على الحديدة (eg.) in financial straits, pinched for money

حديدي ḥadīdī iron (adj.) | سكة حديدية (sikka) railroad

الحديدة al-ḥudaida Hodeida (seaport in W Yemen)

حداد ḥaddād ironsmith, blacksmith

حدادة ḥidāda smithcraft, art smithing

تحديد taḥdīd pl. -āt limitation, delimitation; delineation, demarcation; restriction, curb, confinement; determination, fixation, appointment; definition |على التحديد and على وجه التحديد (wajh) to be exact …, strictly speaking …

حاد ḥādd sharp (also, fig., of a glance), keen (mind); high-pitched (tone); vehement, fiery, impetuous; fierce; vivid; acute (illness) |حاد المزاج ḥ. al-mizāj, حاد الطبع ḥ. aṭ-ṭab‘ hot-blooded, hot-headed, hot-tempered, irascible; زاوية حادة (zāwiya) acute angle; تحت الحد subacute

محدود maḥdūd bounded, bordered (ب by); circumscribed, confined; limited (= small, e.g., number, knowledge, etc.); delimited, determinate, fixed, definite, definitive |محدود المعنى m. al-ma‘nā unambiguous; محدود الضمان m. aḍ-ḍamān of limited liability; شركة محدودة (المسئولية ) (širka) limited company, corporation

محدد muḥaddad sharpened, sharp; determined, fixed, appointed, destined (ل for) strictly delimited, clearly defined

محتد muḥtadd angry, furious, exasperated

حدأة ḥid’a, pl. حدأ ḥida’, حداء ḥidā’, حدآن ḥid’ān kite (zool.)

حدأة ḥada’a pl. حداء ḥidā’ double-bladed axe

حدب ḥadiba a (ḥadab) to be convex, dome-shaped, cambered, bent outward; to be hunchbacked; to be nice, kind, friendly (على or ب to s.o.). be solicitous (على or ب about s.o.), care (على or ب for s.o.) take care (على or ب of s.o.) II to make convex, emboss, camber, vault, curve, crook, bend (هـ s.th.) V and XII احدودب iḥaudaba to be crooked, vaulted, cambered, embossed, convex

حدب ḥadab affection, fondness, love; kindliness; solicitude, care; (pl. حداب ḥidāb, احداب aḥdāb) elevation of the ground | من كل حدب وصوب (wa-ṣaubin) or كل صوب وحدب from all sides, from all directions, from everywhere; في كل صوب وحدب everywhere, in every quarter, on all sides

حدب ḥadib curved, cambered, vaulted, convex; hunchbacked; kindly, friendly

حدب ḥadaba hunchback, hump; camber, vaulting, curvature

احدب aḥdab2, f. حدباء ḥadbā’, pl. حدب ḥudb hunchbacked, humped; -- (elative) kindlier, friendlier

محدب muḥaddab embossed; cambered, convex

حدث ḥadata u (حدوث ḥudūt) to happen, occur, take place, come to pass; -- (ḥaduta u (حداثة ḥadāta) to be new, recent; to be young II to tell, relate, report (ه to s.o., ب or هـ s.th., في, عن about); to speak, talk (ه to s.o., عن or في about, of) |حدثه قلبه (ḥaddatahū qalbuhū and حدثته نفسه ḥaddatathu nafsuhū his heart, his innermost feeling told him (ب s.th.); حدث نفسه ب (nafsahū) to talk o.s. into (s.th.), try to believe s.th. or see s.th. (as factual); to resolve, make up one’s mind to do s.th.; حدث نفسه ان he said to himself, told himself that … III to speak, talk (عن or في ه to s.o. about s.th.); to discuss (عن or في ه with s.o. s.th.), converse (عن or في ه with s.o. about); to negotiate, confer (ه with s.o.) to address, accost (ه s.o.); to call up (ه s.o., by telephone) IV to bring forth, produce, create, originate (هـ s.th.); to found, establish (هـ s.th.); to bring about, cause, occasion, provoke, effect (هـ s.th.); to drop excrement | احدث حدثا (ḥadatan) to bring about s.th.; to cause or do s.th., esp., s.th. evil, do mischief V to speak, talk (الى to s.o., عن, ب or j about or of s.th.), converse, chat (الى or مع with s.o., عن to, ب or j about s.th.) VI to talk with one another, converse, have a conversation X to renew (هـ s.th.) to buy new (هـ s.th.); to introduce, start, invent, originate, create (هـ s.th.); to find or deem (ه s.o.) to be young

حدث ḥadat pl. احداث aḥdāt a new, unprecedented thing, a novelty, innovation; event, incident, occurrence, happening; phenomenon; evil symptom; misdeed; misfortune; ritual impurity (Isl. Law); excrement, feces; (pl. احداث, حدثان ḥudtān) young man, youth; احداث juveniles

حديث ḥadīt pl. حداث ḥidāt, حدثاء ḥudatā’2 new, novel, recent, late; modern; حديثا ḥadītan recently, lately |حديث البناء ḥ. al-binā’ new-built, recently built; حديث السن ḥ. as-sinn young; حديث العهد ḥ. al-‘ahd of recent date, recent, new, young; حديث العهد ب, حديث عهد ب (ḥ. ‘ahdin) having adopted or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g., حديث العهد بالولادة (bi-l-wilāda) newborn, حديث الغهد بالزواج (bi-z-zawāj) newly wed; كان حديث العهد بأوربا he had not known Europe until recently

حديث ḥadīt pl. احاديث aḥādīt2, حدثان ḥadtān speech; chat, chitchat, small talk; conversation, talk, discussion; interview; prattle, gossip; report, account, tale, narrative; Prophetic tradition, Hadith, narrative relating deeds and utterances of the Prophet and his Companions | حديث خرافة ḥ. ḳurāfa fabulous story, silly talk; حديث قدسي (qudsī) Muslim tradition in which God Himself speaks, as opposed to حديث نبوي (nabawī) an ordinary Prophetic tradition; حديث النفس ḥ. an-nafs s.th. one talks o.s. into; premonition

حدوث ḥudūt setting in (of a state or condition), occurrence, incidence (of a phenomenon); occurrence, incident, happening

حداثة ḥadāta newness, recency, novelty; youth, youthfulness

احداث aḥdāt2 newer, more recent

حدثان الدهر ḥidtān (or ḥadatān) ad-dahr misfortune, adversities, reverses

احدوثة uḥdūta pl. احاديث aḥādīt2 speech; discussion, talk, conversation; chatter; fabling, fibbing; topic, subject of a conversation; gossip, rumor (about a person) |حسن الاحدوثة ḥusn al-u. praise (of s.o.) سوء الاحدوثة sū’ al-u. slander, defamation

محادثة muḥādata pl. -āt discourse, conversation, discussion, talk, parley

احداث iḥdāt production, creatuion, invention, origination; causation, effectuation

احداثيات iḥdātīyāt (pl.) co-ordinates (math.) | احداثيات عمودية (‘amūdīya) ordinates; احداثيات أفقية (ufuqīya) abscissas (math.)

استحداث istiḥdāt invention, creation, production, origination

حادث ḥādīt occurring, happening, taking place; new, recent; fresh; -- (pl. حوادث ḥawādit2, also -āt) occurrence, incident, event, happening; episode; case (jur.) accident, mishap | حادث تزوير a case of forgery; مكان الحادث makān al-ḥ. site of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti

حادثة ḥādita pl. حوادث ḥawādit2 occurrence, event, happening; plot (of a play) ; incident, episode; accident, mishap | حادثة المرور ḥ. al-murūr traffic accident

محدث muḥaddit pl. -ūn speaker, talker; spokesman; conversation partner, interlocutor; relator, narrator; a transmitter of Prophetic traditions, traditionary, representative of the science or study of Hadith (see above); O phonograph, gramophone

متحدث mutaḥaddit spokesman, speaker

مستحدث mustaḥdat new, novel, recent, -- (pl. –āt) novelty, innovation; recent invention, modern product; neologism

حدج ḥadaja i and II to stare, look sharply (هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th., often with ببصره bi-baṣarihī or بنظره bi-naẓarihī)

حدج ḥidj pl. حدوج ḥudūj, احداج aḥdāj load, burden, encumbrance

ابو حديج abū ḥadīj stork

حداجة ḥidāja pl. حدائج ḥadā’ij2 camel saddle

حدر ḥadara, ḥadura u (ḥadr, حدارة ḥadāra) to be thick; -- ḥadara u i (ḥadr, حدر ḥudūr) to bring down, lower (هـ s.th.) to cause (هـ s.th.) to descend; to drop (هـ s.th.); to shed (هـ tears); حدر حدرا (ḥadran) to rattle off, express quickly (an utterance, a thought); -- (ḥadr) to come down, step down, descend; to glide down, swoop II to drop (هـ s.th.) to lower, inclines, dip (هـ s.th.) V to descend gradually; to glide down; to come down, descend; to flow down (tears); to derive, stem, originate (من from) VII to come or go down, descend; to glide down, sink down; to be in decline, be on the downgrade, to decline, wane; to flow down (tears); to slope down, slant down, be inclined (terrain); to come (الى to a place), arrive (الى at)

حدر ḥadr rapid recitation of the Koran (a terminus technicus of tajwīd)

حدور ḥadūr slope, downgrade, declivity, declivitous terrain

تحدر taḥaddur descent, slant, slope, inclination, incline, declivity

انحدار inḥidār slant, dip, pitch, inclination, decent, slope; declivity; fall (of a river); decline, waning; ruin, decay, decadence

حادر ḥādir thick

متحدر mutaḥaddir descending, slanting, sloping downward

منحدر munḥadir descending; lowered, dipped; slanting, sloping, declivitous (terrain); declining, waning, being on the downgrade, in a state of decadence or decline; run-down, seedy, down-at-the-heels, down-and-out

منحدر munḥadar pl. -āt depression; slope, talus, incline, descent, declivity; fall (of a river)

حدس ḥadata i u (ḥadt) to surmise, guess, conjecture (هـ s.th.)

حدس ḥadt surmise, guess, conjecture; O intuition

حداف ḥaddāf (<حذاف), حداف الماكوك (syr.) shuttle (weaving)

طارة حدافة ṭāra ḥaddāfa (syr.) flywheel

1 حدق ḥadaqa i (ḥadq) to surround, encircle, encompass (ب s.o., s.th.); (with بعينه bi-‘ainihī) to look, glance (ه at s.o.) II to look, glance, gaze, stare (الى or في at, also ب) | حدق النظر في (naẓara) to fix one’s glance on … IV to surround, encircle, encompass, enclose (ب s.o., s.th.); to look, glance (في, الى or ب at) | احدق النظر النظر في (naẓara) to fix one’s glance on …

حدقة ḥadaqa pl. -āt, حدق ḥadaq, حداق ḥidāq, احداق aḥdāq pupil (of the eye); pl. احداق glances

حديقة ḥadīqa pl. حدائق ḥadā’iq2 garden | حديقة الحيوانات ḥ. al-ḥayawānāt zoological garden, zoo

احداق iḥdāq encirclement, encompassment (ب of)

خطر محدق ḳaṭar muḥdiq imminent danger

2 حدق II (=حدق ) to make acid, sour, tart, or sharp (هـ s.th.)

حادق ḥādiq (= حاذق ) sour, tart, acid, sharp (taste)

حدل ḥadala i to flatten, level, even, roll (هـ s.th.); (ḥadl, حدول ḥudūl) to treat unjustly (على s.o.)

محدلة miḥdala pl. محمدل maḥādil2 roller, steamroller

حدم VIII to burn, glow, blaze; to burn up, be consumed by fire; to flare up, break out (fight); to be furious, burn with wrath (على at, over), also احتدم غيظا (gaiẓan)

احتدام iḥtidām paroxysm

محمدم muḥtadim furious, infuriated, enraged

حدة ḥida see وحد

1 حدوة ḥidwa horseshoe

2(حدو and حدى) حدا ḥadā u (ḥadw, حداء ḥudā’, ḥidā’ to urge forward by singing (هـ camels); to urge, spur on, egg on, prompt, instigate, induce, move (ب or ه s.o., الى to s.th., to do s.th.); حدا ب to instigate s.th.; to sway, rock, roll (rider, camel); to swing along, rock along (in riding) |حدا بهم الحديث الى their conversation led them to …; غرض تحدى اليه الركائب (garaḍun tuḥdā) a goal much sought after or worth striving for V to compete, vie (ه with s.o.); to challenge, provoke (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to defy, oppose, resist, withstand (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), stand up (هـ, ه against s.o., against s.th.) to incite, stimulate, arouse, animate, sharpen (هـ s.th.; ذكاءه dakā’ahū s.o.’s intellect); to intend (هـ s.th., to do s.th.), be bent (هـ on doing s.th.)

حداء ḥudā’ animating singsong, chanting of the caravan leader

حداء ḥaddā’ camel driver, cameleer

احدوة uḥduwa, احدية uḥdīya song of the camel drivers

تحد taḥaddin pl. تحديات taḥaddiyāt challenge, provocation

حاد ḥādin pl. حداة ḥudāh caravan leader (who urges the camels forward by singing); camel driver, cameleer; leader

متحد mutaḥaddin challenger, provoker

1 حدي ḥadiya a to remain, stay (ب at a place), stick (ب to a place)

2 حادى عشر see احد

3 حداية ḥidāya, ḥiddāya = حدأة ḥid’a

حذر ḥadira a (ḥidr, ḥadar) to be cautious, wary, to beware (من or هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.), be on one’s guard (من or هـ, ه against) II to warn, caution (من ه s.o. of or about), put (ه s.o.) on his guard (من against) III to watch out, be careful; to be on one’s guard (ه against), be wary (ه of s.o.) V to beware, be wary (من of) VIII = I

حذر ḥidr and ḥadar caution, watchfulness, alertness, wariness, circumspection; precaution |اخذ حذره (ḥadarahū) to be on one’s guard; على جذر ‘alā ḥadarin cautiously, warily; on one’s guard (من against)

حذر ḥadir cautious, wary

حذاري ḥadārī beware (ان of doing …, من of s.th.)! watch out (من for)! be careful (من of)!

تحذير taḥdīr warning, cautioning (من of, against)

محاذرة muḥādara caution, precaution, precautionary measure

محذور maḥdūr that of which one should beware, against which one should guard; object of caution; -- (pl. -āt) danger, peril; trouble, difficulty, misfortune

حذف ḥadafa i (ḥadf) to shorten, clip, curtail (هـ or من s.th.); to take s.th. away, cut s.th. off, clip s.th. off (من from s.th.), reduce (من s.th.), strike or cross s.th. (من off s.th.); to cancel, strike out, delete, drop, leave out, omit, suppress (هـ s.th.); (gram.) to elide, apocopate, drop by aphaeresis; to deduct, subtract (هـ s.th.); to throw (ب ه at s.o. s.th.), pelt (ب ه s.o. with s.th.); to cast away, throw away, discard (ب s.th.) II to clip, trim (هـ s.th.); to give (هـ s.th.) shape, to trim, clip, or cut (هـ s.th.) into proper shape

حذف ḥadf shortening, curtailing, cutting off, trimming, etc.; canceling, cancellation, striking off, crossing off, deletion; omission, dropping, suppression; (gram.) elision, ellipsis, apocopation

حذافير ḥadāfīr2: اخذه بحذافيره he took all of it, he took it lock, stock and barrel

حذق ḥadiqa a, ḥadaqa i (ḥidq, حذاقة ḥadāqa) to be skilled, skillful, well-versed, proficient (هـ or في in s.th.), master (هـ s.th.); -- ḥadaqa u (حذوق ḥudūq) to turn sour (milk) V to feign skillfulness, proficiency, cleverness or smartness

حذق ḥidq and حذاقة ḥadāqa skill, dexterity, proficiency; smartness, cleverness, intelligence; perspicacity, sagacity, acumen

حاذق ḥādiq pl. حذاق ḥuddāq skillful, skilled, proficient; well-versed, clever, smart; intelligent; sour

حذلق II taḥadlaqa to pretend to be clever or skilful, feign skiIl or knowledge; to be pedantic

حذلقة ḥadlaqa skillfulness, dexterity

حذا (حذو ) ḥadā u: حذا حذوه (ḥadwahū) to imitate s.o., take after s.o., follow s.o.’s example III to be opposite s.th. (هـ ) face, parallel (هـ s.th.), run parallel (هـ to) VI to be opposite each other, be parallel VIII to imitate, copy (ب or على s.o. s.th., also هـ s.th.), take or follow (ب or على s.o., s.th., also هـ s.th.) as an example or model; to be shod; to wear (هـ s.th.) as footgear

حذو ḥadwa (prep.) opposite, face to face with |حذوك النعل بالنعل ḥadwaka n-na‘la bi-n-na‘li in a completely identical manner, to a T, like two peas in a pod

حذاء ḥidā’ pl. احذية aḥdiya shoe; sandal |صانغ الأحذية shoemaker

حذاء ḥidā’a (prep.) and بحذاء bi-ḥidā’i opposite, face to face with

حذاء ḥaddā’ shoemaker, cobbler

محاذاة (في) على ‘alā (fī) muḥādāti along, alongside of, parallel to

احتذاء iḥtidā’ imitation, copying

محاذ muḥādin opposite, facing

حر ḥarra u i (ḥarr, حرارة ḥarāra) to be hot II to liberate (ه s.o.); to free, set free, release (ه s.o.); to emancipate (ه s.o.); to consecrate (ه s.o.) to the service of God; to clarify, clear up, make clear (ه s.th.); to formulate precisely, phrase accurately, define exactly, pinpoint (هـ s.th.); to revise (هـ a book); to edit, redact (هـ a book, a periodical); to write, pen, indite, compose, compile (هـ s.th.) V to become free; to be freed, be liberated (من from); to be emancipated VIII to be kindled, be heated, flare up

حر ḥarr heat, warmth

حر ḥurr pl. m. احرار aḥrār, pl. f. حرائر ḥarā’ir2 noble, free-bom; genuine (jewels, etc.), pure, unadulterated; free; living in freedom; freeman; independent; free unrestrained; liberal (pol.; الاحرار the Liberals); frank, candid, open (على toward s.o.); free, available, uninvested (money) |الاحتياط الحر (ihtiyaṭī) free reserves, unencumbered reserves; من حر ماله min ḥurr mālihī with his own cash, with funds at his disposal

حرة ḥarra pl. -āt stony area; volcanic country, lava field

حرية ḥurrīya pl. -āt freedom, liberty; independence, unrestraint, license (e.g., poetic) | حرية العبادة ḥ. al-‘ibāda freedom of worship; حرية الفكر ḥ. al-fikr freedom of thought; حرية الكلام ḥ. al-kalām freedom of speech; حرية النشر (or الصحافة ) ḥ. an-našr (aṣ-ṣiḥafa) liberty of the press

حرير ḥarīr silk; pl. حرائر ḥarā’ir2 (حراير ) silken wares, silks |حرير صخري (ṣaḳrī) asbestos; حرير صناعي rayon

حريري ḥarīrī silken, silky, of silk

حرائري ḥarā’irī silken, silk- (in compounds), of silk; silk weaver

حرار ḥarrār ssailk weaver

حرارة ḥarāra heat; warmth; fever heat, fever; temperature; ardor, fervor (of emotion), passion; eagerness, enthusiasm, zeal; vehemence, violence, intensity; burning (of the skin)

حريرة ḥuraira pl. -āt calorie

حراري ḥarārī thermal, thermic, thermo-, heat (used attributively); caloric |وحدة حرارية (waḥda) calorie

O حرارية ḥarārīya pl. -āt calorie

حرور ḥarūr f., pl. حرائر ḥarā’ir2 hot-wind

حران ḥarrān2, f. حرى ḥarrā, pl. حرار ḥirār, حرارى ḥarārā thirsty; passionate, fervent, hot (fig.) |زفرة حرى (zafra) a fervent sigh; دموع حرى hot tears

احر aḥarr2 hotter, warmer |على احر من الجمر (jamr) on pins and needles, on tenterhooks, in greatest suspense or excitement

O محر miḥarr heating system, heating installation

تحرير taḥrīr liberation; release; emancipation; record(ing), writing; editing, redaction; editorship (of a newspaper, a periodical); (pl. -āt, تحارير taḥārīr2) piece of writing, record, brief, document | رئيس التحرير editor-in-chief; ادارة التحرير board of editors, editorial staff

تحريري taḥrīrī liberational; emancipational; liberal; recorded in writing, written, in writing

حار ḥār hot; warm; ardent, glowing, fervent, passionate

محرور maḥrūr hot-tempered, hot-headed, fiery, passionate, furious

محرر muḥarrir pl. -ūn liberator, emancipator; writer, clerk; editor (of a newspaper, of a periodical)

محرر muḥarrar consecrated to God; let down in writing, recorded in writing, written; booked; pl. محررات booking, entries

متحرر mutaḥarrir emancipated; an advocate of emancipation

حرب ḥariba a (ḥarab) to be furious, enraged, angry III to fight, combat (ه s.o.) battle, wage war (ه against s.o.) VI to fight (one another), be engaged in war VIII = VI

حرب (ḥarb f., pl. حروب ḥurūb war, warfare; fight, combat, battle; enemy, enemies (على or ل of s.o.) | حرب اهلية (ahlīya) civil war; حرب صحافية (ṣiḥāfīya) press feud; الحروب الصليبية (ṣalībīya) the Crusades; الحرب العظمى (‘uẓmā), الحرب العالمية (‘ālamīya), الحرب العامة (‘āmma) World War I; كشفت الحرب عن ساقها kašafat il-ḥarbu ‘an sāqihā and قامت الحرب على ساق qāmat il-ḥ. ‘alā sāqin war flared up, fierce fighting broke out

حربي ḥarbī warlike, bellicose, belligerent, martial, war (adj.), military; (pl. -ūn) warrior, soldier, military man | البوليس الحربي (būlīs) military police

حربة ḥarba pl. حراب ḥirāb lance, spear; spearhead; bayonet, sidearm

حرباء ḥirbā’ pl. حرابى ḥarābīy chameleon (zool.)

وا حرباه wā ḥarabāh! (exclamation of lament) alas! goodness no! oh my!

محراب miḥrāb pl. محارب maḥārib2 a recess in a mosque indicating the direction of prayer, prayer niche, mihrab

محاربة muḥāraba struggle, combat, fight, battle; warfare

احتراب iḥtirāb mutual struggle

محارب muḥārib warring, belligerent; warrior, combatant, fighter; corporal (Eg. 1939)

المتحاربون al-mutaḥāribūn the belligerents, the warring parties

حربوشة ḥarbūša pl. حرابش (ḥarābiš2 (tun.) pastille, pill

حرث ḥarata i u (ḥart) to plow (هـ the soil); to cultivate, till (هـ the ground)

حرث ḥart plowing, tilling, tillage, cultivation of the soil; arable land, tilth; plantation, culture

حرثة ḥarta (n. un.) arable land, tilth

حراثة ḥirāta cultivation of the soil, farming, agriculture

حراث ḥarrāt plowman

محراث miḥrāt pl. محارث maḥārit2 plow

حارث ḥārit pl. حراث ḥurrāt plowman |ابو الحارث abū l-ḥārit lion

حرج ḥarija a (ḥaraj) to be close, tight narrow; to be straitened, be confined, get into a strait, be cornered, be hard pressed; to be oppressed, be anguished (heart); to be forbidden (على to s.o.) to narrow, tighten, straiten (هـ s.th.); to complicate (هـ s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) difficult; to forbid (على هـ s.th. to s.o.); to persist (J in s.th.) IV to narrow, straiten, confine, cramp. hamper, impede, restrict (هـ s.th.); to complicate, make difficult, aggravate, jeopardize (هـ situation, s.o.’s position); to embarrass (ه s.o.); to coerce, constrain, press (الى ه s.o. to); to forbid (على هـ s.th. to s.o.) V to refrain from sin or evildoing; to abstain, refrain (من from), avoid (من s.th.); to be cornered, be forced to the wall; to become or be oppressed, anguished, distressed; to become critical, become complicated or difficult, be aggravated (situation), be jeopardized (s.o.’s position) |تحرج صدره من (ب ) (ṣadruhū) to feel depressed by, feel annoyed at; تحرج به الناس this made things difficult for people

حرج (ḥaraj closeness, tightness, narrowness; confinement, straitness. constriction, crampedness; restriction, impediment; oppression, distress, anguish; difficulty; critical situation; prohibition, interdiction; s.th. forbidden, s.th. interdicted, sin |لا حرج (ḥaraja) there is no objection; لا حرج عليك nothing stands in your way, you are at liberty

حرج ḥaraj (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt, حرج ḥirāj, احراج aḥrāj thicket; dense forest; woodland, timberland

حرج ḥarij narrow, close, tight, confined, straitened; oppressed, hard pressed, harassed; critical (situation, position)

احرج aḥrāj2 narrower, closer, tighter, more straitened; more critical

حراج ḥarāg (eg.) auction

حراجة ḥarāja seriousness, gravity, difficulty, complicatedness (of a situation)

تحريج taḥrīj forestation, afforestation

حرج taḥarruj restraint, reserve, aloofness; timidity, diffidence, faint-heartedness; critical complication, gravity, difficulty (of a situation)

حرج muḥarrijāt: محرجات الايمان m. al-aimān binding, committing, or solemn, oaths

محرج muḥrij disconcerting, embarrassing

متحرج mutaḥarrij: متحرج الصدر m. aṣ-ṣadr annoyed, vexed, anguished, oppressed

حرد ḥarida a (ḥarad) to be annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious (على at, with)

حارد ḥārid, حرد ḥarid and حردان ḥardān annoyed, disgruntled, angry, furious

حرذون ḥardaun pl. حراذين ḥarādīn2 lizard

حرز ḥaraza u (ḥarz) to keep, guard, protect, preserve (هـ s.th.), take care (هـ of); -- ḥaruza u (حرازة ḥarāza) to be strong be strongly fortified, be impregnable IV to keep, preserve, guard (هـ s.th.); to obtain, attain, achieve, win (هـ s.th.) | احرز نصرا (انتصارا ) (naṣran) to win a victory; احرز قصب السبق (qaṣaba s-sabq) to come through with flying colors, carry the day, score a great success V to be wary (من of), be on one’s guard (من against) VIII to be wary (من of), guard, be on one’s guard (من against), be careful, take heed, take precautions

حرز pl. احراز aḥrāz fortified place; refuge, sanctuary, retreat; custody; (pl. احراز, حروز ) amulet

حريز ḥarīz strongly fortified, guarded; inaccessible, impregnable

احراز iḥrāz acquisition, acquirement, obtainment, attainment, achievement, winning, gaining

احتراز iḥtirāz pl. -āt caution, wariness, prudence, circumspection; reservation, reserve |بكل الاحتراز with all reservation

O حارزة ḥāriza fuse (el.)

محرز muḥriz obtainer, acquirer, winner, gainer; possessor, holder (على of s.th.)

حرس ḥarasa u (ḥars, حراسة ḥirāsa) to guard, watch, control (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); to oversee, supervise, superintend (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); to secure, protect, safeguard, preserve, keep (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); to watch (على over) V and VIII to beware, be wary (من of), guard, be on one’s guard (من against)

حرس ḥaras watch; guard, escort; bodyguard |الحرس السيار (sayyār) militia, "garde mobile" (syr.) |حرس الشرف ḥ. aš-šaraf honor guard; الحرس الملكي (malakī) the royal guard (formerly Ir., Eg.); الحرس الملوكي (mulūkī) (formerly) bodyguard of the Bey (Tun.); الحرس الوطني (waṭanī) the National Guard

حراسة ḥirāsa guarding, watching, control; watch, guard, guard duty; supervision, superintendence; guardianship, tutelage, custody, care, protection; safe conduct, escort; administration; administration of an estate (jur.); sequester |حراسة السواحل coast guard

احتراس iḥtirās caution, wariness, prudence; (pl. -āt) precaution, precautionary measure |احتراسا من for protection from or against

حارس ḥāris pl. حرسة ḥarasa, حراس ḥurrās vigilant, watchful; watchman; sentry, sentinel, guard; overseer, supervisor, superintendent; administrator; guardian, custodian, keeper, protector, tutelary (in compounds) |حارس التركة ḥ. at-tirka administrator of aD estate; حارس الخواتم keeper of the seal; حارس المرمى ḥ. al-marmā goal keeper; حارس قضائي (qaḍā’ī) sequestrator, receiver (in bankruptcy, in equity); ملاك حارس (mal’ak) guardian angel (Chr.); حارس الليل ḥ. al-lail night watchman

محروس maḥrūs guarded, safeguarded, secured; protected (by God; esp. used ss an epithet after the names of cities); المحرسون the children, the family

محترس muḥtaris cautious, wary, careful

حرش ḥaraša i (ḥarš) to scratch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II to instigate, prod, incite, provoke, incense (ه s.o.); to set (بين people against each other), sow discord, dissension (بين among) V to pick a quarrel, start a brawl (ب with s.o.) provoke (ب s.o.)

حرش ḥirš, ḥurš pl. احراش aḥrāš, حروش ḥurūš forest, wood(s)

حرش ḥariš and احرش aḥraš, rough, coarse, scabrous

حرش ḥaraš, حرشة ḥurša, حراشة ḥarāša roughness, coarseness, scabrousness

تحريش taḥrīš instigation, prodding, incitement, provocation, agitation, incensement

تحرش taḥarruš provocation, importunity, obtrusion, meddling, uncalled-for interference

حرشف ḥaršaf pl. حراشف ḥarāšif2 scales (of fish)

حرص ḥaraṣa i and ḥariṣa a (ḥirṣ) to desire, want, covet (على s.th.); to be intent, be bent (على on); to strive (على for), aspire (على to)

حرص ḥirṣ greed, avidity, cupidity, covetousness; desire; aspiration, endeavor, wish (على for); avarice |حرصا على in the desire for …, in the endeavor to …; حرصا على الارواح danger! (on warning signs)

حريص ḥarīṣ pl. حراص ḥirāṣ, حرصاء ḥuraṣā’2 covetous, greedy, avid, eager (على for); bent (على on), desirous (على of)

احرص aḥraṣ more covetous, greedier

حرض II to goad, prod, spur on, egg on, incite, rouse, provoke (على ه s.o. to s.th. or to do s.th.); to instigate, abet, stir up, agitate (على ه s.o. to or against); O to induce (el.)

تحريض taḥrīḍ incitement, provocation; instigation, abetment, agitation (على to); inflammatory propaganda (على against s.o.); O induction (el.) | تحريض ذاتي self-induction (el.)

تحريضي taḥrīḍī inciting, instigative, agitative, inflammatory; provocative

حارض ḥāriḍ bad, wicked, evil

محرض muḥarriḍ pl. -ūn inciter, baiter; instigator, abettor; demagogue, rabble rouser; agitator, provocator; O inductor (el.)

متحرض mutaḥarriḍ O induced (el.)

حرف II to slant, incline, make oblique (هـ s.th.); to bend off, up, down or back, turn up, down or back, deflect (هـ s.th.); to distort, corrupt, twist, pervert, misconstrue, falsify (هـ s.th.) |حرفه عن موضعه (‘an mauḍi‘ihī) to distort the sense of s.th., rob s.th. of its true meaning V to turn off, branch off, take a turning; to deviate, depart, digress (عن from); to avoid (عن s.th.); to be or become bent off, distorted, corrupted, perverted VII to tum off, branch off, ta.ke a turning; to deviate, depart, digress, turn away (عن from); to slope down, slant, be inclined (terrain); to turn (الى to, toward); to be twisted, be distorted; to be oblique, slanting; to be cocked, rakish (headgear); with ب to make s.th. appear oblique, slanted, or distorted; to be corrupted, perverted | انحرف به عن to dissuade s.o. from; انحرف مزاجه (mizājuhū) to be indisposed, be ill VIII to do (هـ s.th.) professionally, practice (هـ s.th.) as a profession; to strive for success

حرف ḥarf pl. حرف ḥiraf (cutting) edge (of a knife, of a sword); sharp edge; border, edge, rim, brink, verge; -- (pl. حروف ḥurūf, احرف aḥruf) letter; consonant; particle (gram.); type (typ.) |على حرف irresolute, wavering, on the fence; الفاظه بحروفها alfāẓuhū bi-ḥurūfihā his words literally; بالحرف or بالحرف الواحد literally, verbatim, to the letter; حرفا بحرف ḥarfan bi-ḥarfin literally, word for word; وقع بالاحرف الاولى (waqqa‘a, ūlā) to initial (e.g., معاهدة mu‘āhadatan a treaty); الحروف الابجدية (abjadīya) the alphabetic letters, the alphabet; حروف مجموعة matter (typ.); الحروف الشمسية (šamsīya) the sun letters (i.e., sibilants, dentals, r, l, n to which the l of the article assimilates), الحروف القمرية (qamarīya) the moon letters (to which the l of the article does not assimilate); حرف الجر ḥ al-jarr preposition (gram.) حرف الخفض ḥ al-ḳafḍ do.; حرف التعريف article (gram.); حرف العطف ḥ al-‘aṭf coordinating conjunction (gram.); حرف الاستفهام interrogative particle (gram.); حرف القسم ḥ. al-qasam particle introducing oaths (gram.)

حرفي ḥarfī literal

حرف ḥurf common garden pepper cress (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)

حرفة ḥirfa pl. حرف ḥiraf profession, occupation, vocation, business, craft, trade

حريف ḥarīf pl. حرفاء ḥurafā’2 customer, patron, client (tun.)

حريف ḥirrīf pungent, acrid (taste); حريفات spicy food, delicacies

حرافة ḥarāfa pungency, acridity (taste)

تحريف taḥrīf pl. -āt alteration, change; distortion; perversion, corruption, esp. phonetic corruption of a word

انحراف inḥirāf pl. -āt deviation, digression; obliqueness, obliquity, inclination, slant; declination (astrom.); ailment, indisposition, also انحراف المزاج

احتراف iḥtirāf professional pursuit (of a trade, etc.)

محرف muḥarraf corrupted (word)

منحرف munḥarif oblique; slanted, slanting, sloping, inclined; distorted, perverted, corrupted, twisted; deviating, divergent; trapezium (geom.)

محترف muḥtarif one gainfully employed (ب in), person doing s.th. (ب ) professionally; professional, a pro (sports); professional (adj.), e.g., صحافي محترف (ṣiḥāfī) professional journalist; climber, careerist

محترف muḥtaraf pl. -āt studio, atelier

حرق ḥaraqa i (ḥarq) to burn (هـ s.th.); to burn, hurt, sting, smart |حرق قلبه (qalbahū), pl. حرق قلوبهم (qulūbahum) to vex, exasperate s.o.; -- u (ḥarq) to rub together (هـ s.th.) II to burn (هـ s.th.); حرق اسنانه (asnānahū) to gnash one’s teeth V to burn (هـ s.th.); to destroy by fire (هـ s.th.); to singe, scorch, parch (هـ s.th.); to scald (هـ s.th.); to kindle, ignite, set on fire (هـ s.th.) | احرق فحمة ليله في (faḥmata lailihī) to spend the night doing (s.th.), burn the midnight oil over… V to burn, be aflame, burn up, take fire, he consumed hy fire, he burned; to be consumed (by an emotion), pine away (هـ with), he pained (هـ by), eat one’s heart out |تحرق شوقا (šauqan) to be overcome with longing or nostalgia VIII to burn, be aflame, burn up, take fire, be consumed by fire, he burned

حرق ḥarq burning, incineration, combustion; kindling, igniting, setting afire; arson, incendiarism; pl. حروق ḥurūq burn (med.)

حرق ḥaraq fire, conflagration

حرقة ḥurqa, ḥarqa burning, incineration, combustion; stinging, smarting, burning (as a physical sensation); torture, torment, agony, pain, ordeal

حراق ḥurāq, ḥurraq tinder

حراق ḥarrāq hurning, aflame, afire; hot

حريق ḥarīq and حريقة pl. حرائق ḥarā’iq2 fire; conflagration

O حراقة ḥarrāqa torpedo

حرقان ḥaraqān burning, stinging, smarting (as a painful sensation; e.g., of the feet)

O محرق maḥraq pl. محارق maḥāriq2 focus (phys.)

تحاريق taḥārīq2 (Eg.) season of the Nile’s lowest water level, hottest season of the year

احراق burning, incineration, combustion

تحرق taḥarruq buming, combustion; burning desire

احتراق iḥtirāq burning, combustion; fire, conflagration |O غرفة الاحتراق gurfat al-i. combustion chamber (techn.); قابل الاحتراق qābil al-i. combustible

حارق ḥāriq arsonist, incendiary

محروق maḥrūq burned, charred, scorched, parched; reddish, hronze-colored; pl. محروقات maḥrūqāt fuel | فخار محروق (faḳḳār) fired clay

محرق muḥriq: قنبلة محرقة (qunbula) incendiary bomb

O محرق muḥraq crematory

محرقة maḥraqa burnt sacrifice

حرقد ḥarqada pl. حراقد ḥarāqid2 Adam’s apple

حرقفة ḥarqafa pl. حراقف ḥarāqif2 protruding part of the hipbone

حرك II to move, set in motion, drive, propel, operate (هـ s.th.); to march, move (ه troops); to stir (هـ s.th.); to start, get started, get underway (هـ s.th.); to agitate, excite, stimulate (هـ s.th.); to incite, instigate, goad, prod, provoke, actuate, urge (على ه s.o. to do s.th.); to awaken, arouse, foment, stir up (هـ s.th.); to vowel, vowelize (gram., هـ a consonant) |حرك مشاعره (mašā‘irahū) to grip, excite, thrill s.o.; حرك العواطف to affect the feelings, be touching, moving, pathetic; لا يحرك ساكنا (sākinan) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t hend his little finger, he remains immobile, apathetic; حرك ساكنه (sākinahū) to rouse s.o., put s.o. in a state of excitement, commotion or agitation V to move, be in motion, stir, hudge; to start moving, get moving; to start out, get underway (traveler); to depart, leave (train); to put out, to sail (fleet); to he set in motion, be driven, be operated; to be agitated, be excited, be stimulated; to be awakened, be roused, be fomented, be provoked, be caused

حرك ḥarik lively, active, brisk, agile, nimble

حركة ḥaraka pl. -āt movement, motion; commotion; physical exercise; stirring, impulse; proceeding, procedure, policy; action, undertaking, enterprise; military operation; continuation, progress; traffic (rail, ohipplng, otreet); movement (as a social phenomenon); vowel (gram.) |في حركاته وسكناته (sakanātihī) in all his doings; in every situation; حركة المرور (through) traffic; حركة المراكب shipplng traffic; حركة البضائع exchange of goods; حركة الأموال turnover (com.); الحركة النسوية (niswīya) feminist movement; خفيف الحركة nimble, lithe, light, quick, agile, adroit; ثقيل الحركة slow in motion, heavy-handed, clumsy, sluggish, lumbering, inert, indolent

O حركي ḥarakī kinetic (phys.)

حراك ḥarāk movement, motion

محرك maḥrak path, trajectory (of a projectile)

محراك miḥrāk poker, fire iron

تحريكي taḥrīkī dynamic

تحرك taḥarruk pl. -āt movement, motion; forward motion; start; departure; sailing (of a fleet)

حارك ḥārik withers

محرك muḥarrik mover, stirrer; rouser, inciter, fomenter, awakener, agent; instigator; -- (pl. -M) motive, springs, incentive, spur, motivating circumstance, causative factor; motor, engine (tech.)

متحرك mutaḥarrik moving, movable, mobile; pronounced with following vowel, voweled, vowelized (consonant; gram.) |صور متحركة (ṣuwar) movies, motion pictures

حركث ḥarkata (and حركش ḥarkaša) to stir up, agitate, excite, thrill

حرم ḥaruma u, ḥarima a to be forbidden, prohibited, interdicted, unlawful, unpermitted (على to s.o.); -- ḥarama i (ḥirm, حرمان ḥirmān) to deprive, bereave, dispossess, divest (هـ ه or من ه s.o. of s.th.) take away, withdraw, withhold (هـ ه or هـ من or ه form s.o. s.th.), deny, refuse (هـ ه or هـ من or من ه to s.o. s.th.); to exclude, debar, preclude, cut off (هـ ه or من ه s.o. from s.th.); to excommunicate (ه s.o.) II to declare (هـ s.th.) sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable, or taboo, to taboo (هـ s.th.); to declare (هـ s.th.) unlawful, not permissible, forbid, interdict, proscribe (هـ s.th., j. to s.o.); to render (ه s.o.) immune or proof (من against), immunize (من ه s.o. against) |حرمه على نفسه to deny o.s. s.th., abstain, refrain from s.th. IV to excommunicate (ه s.o.; Chr.); to enter into the state of ritual consecration (esp., of a Mecca pilgrim; see احرام iḥrām) V to be forbidden, interdicted, prohibited; to be holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable VIII to honor, revere, venerate, esteem, respect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) |احترم نفسه to be self-respecting X to deem (هـ s.th.) sacrosanct, sacred, holy, inviolable; to deem (هـ s.th.) unlawful or unpermissible

حرم ḥirm excommunication (Chr.)

حرم ḥaram p1. احرام aḥrām forbidden, prohibited, interdicted; taboo; holy, sacred, sacrosanct; s.th. sacred, sacred object; sacred possession; wife; sanctum, sanctuary, sacred precinct; الحرمان the two Holy Places, Mecca and Medina |ثالث الحرمين tālit al-ḥaramain the third Holy Place, i.e., Jerusalem

حرمة ḥurma pl. -āt, ḥurumāt, ḥuramāt holiness, sacredness, sanctity, sacrosanctity, inviolability; reverence, veneration, esteem, deference, respect; that which is holy, sacred, sacrosanct, inviolable, or taboo; -- (pl. حرم ḥuram) woman, lady; wife

حرام ḥarām pl. حرم ḥurum forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, unlawful; s.th. forbidden, offense, sin; inviolable, taboo; sacred, sacrosanct; cursed, accursed |ابن حرام ibn ḥ. illegitimate son, bastard; الاراضي الحرام no man’s land; neutral territory; البيت الحرام (bait) the Kaaba; الشهر الحرام (šahr) the Holy Month Muharram; المسجد الحرام (masjid) the Holy Mosque in Mecca; حرام عليك you mustn’t do (say) that! بالحرام illicitly, illegally, unlawfully

حرام ḥirām pl. -āt, احرمة aḥrima a woolen blanket (worn as a garment around head and body)

حريم ḥarīm pl. حرم ḥurum a sacred, inviolable place, sanctum, sanctuary, sacred, precinct; harem; female members of the family, women; wife

حريمي ḥarīmī women’s (in compounds), for women

حروم ḥurūm pl. -āt excommunication (Chr.)

حرامي ḥarāmī pl. -īya thief, robber, bandit

حرمان ḥirmān deprivation, bereavement, dispossession (of s.o., من of s.th.) debarment, exclusion, preclusion (من from); excommunication (CHr.); privation |حرمان الارث ḥ. al-irt exclusion from inheritance, disinheritance (Isl. Law)

محرم maḥram pl. محارم maḥārim2 s.th. forbidden. inviolable, taboo, sacrosanct, holy, or sacred; unmarriageable, being in a degree of consanguinity precluding marriage (Isl. Law)

محرمة maḥrama pl. محارم maḥārim2 handkerchief

تحريم taḥrīm forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban

احرام iḥrām state of ritual consecration of the Mecca pilgrim (during which the pilgrim, wearing two seamless woolen or linen sheets, usually white, neither combs nor shaves, and observes sexual continence); garments of the Mecca pilgrim

احترام iḥtirām pl. -āt deference, respect, regard, esteem, reverence; honoring (e.g., of a privilege); pl. honors, respects, tributes

محروم maḥrūm deprived, bereaved, bereft (من of); excluded, precluded, debarred (من from); suffering privation (as opposed to مرزوق ); excommunicated (Chr.)

محرم muḥarram forbidden, interdicted; Muharram, name of the first Islamic month; محرم الحرام m. al-ḥarām honorific name of this month

محرم muḥrim Mecca pilgrim who has entered the state of ritual consecration (see احرام iḥrām)

محترم muḥtaram honored, revered, venerated, esteemed, respected; (in the salutation of letters:) my dear …; venerable, reverend; notable, remarkable, considerable

حرمل ḥarmal African rue (Peganum harmala L.; bot.)

حرمل ḥarmala pl. حرامل ḥarāmil2 loose wrap worn over the shoulders (garment of the dervishes)

حرن ḥarana, ḥaruna u (حرن ḥiran, ḥuran) to be obstinate, stubborn, headstrong

حرون ḥarūn pl. حرن ḥurun obstinate, stubborn, refractory, reluctant, resistant

حارون ḥārūn brazior

حروة ḥarwa burning; wrath, rage; acridity, pungency (of taste); pungent, disagreeable odor

حرى V to seek, pursue (هـ s.th.), strive (هـ for), asplre (هـ to); to examine, investigate (هـ s.th.); to inquire (عن or هـ into), make inquiries (عن or هـ about); to be intent (هـ on s.th.), take cars (هـ of s.th.), attend (هـ to s.th., also في ), look (هـ after s.th., also في ); to see to it (ان that)

بالحرى bi-l-ḥarā hardly, barely

حرى ḥarīy pl. احرياء aḥriyā’ adequate, appropriate, suitable (ب for), worthy (ب of s.th.) | حرى بالذكر (dikr) worth mentioning, considerable; حري بالتصديق credible, believable; او بالحري or to be exact, or rather

احرى aḥrā more adequate, more proper, more appropriate | او بالاحرى or to tell the truth, or more explicitly, or put more exactly, or rather

تحر taḥarrin pl. تحريات taḥarriyāt inquiry; investigation | شرطة التحري šurṭat at-t. or مصلحة التحري maṣlaḥat al-t. secret police

حز ḥazza u (ḥazz) to notch, nick, incise, indent (في s.th.), make an incision, cut (في into s.th.) II and VIII = I

حز ḥazz pl. حزوز ḥuzūz incision, notch, nick; the right time, the nick of time

حزة ḥazza incision, notch, nick; tim; the right time, the nick of time; predicament, plight

حزاز ḥazāz head scurf, ringworm; tetter, eruption (med.)

حزازة ḥazāza rancor, hatred, hate

محز maḥazz notch, nick |اصاب المحز to find the right solution, hit the nail on the head, hit the mark, strike home

حزب ḥazaba u (ḥazb) to befall (ه s.o.), happen, occur (ه to s.o.) | حزب الامر the matter became serious II to rally (ه s.o.); to form or found a party 111 to side, take sides (ه with), be an adherent (ه of s.o.) V to take sides; to form a party, make common cause, join forces

حزب ḥizb pl. احزاب aḥzāb group, troop, band, gang; party (pol.); the 60th part of the Koran | هو من احزابه he belongs to his clique. he is of the ...me breed

حزبي ḥizbī party (adj.), factional

حزبية ḥizbīya party activities; partisanship, partiality; factionalism

حيزبون ḥaizabūn old hag

تحزب taḥazzub factiousness; factionalism

حازب ḥāzib: حزبه حازب ḥazabahū ḥāzib he met with a mishap

متحزب mutaḥazzib partial, biased; partisan

حزر ḥazara i u (ḥazr, محزرة maḥzara) to estimate, assess, appraise (هـ s.th.); to make a rough estimate (هـ of s.th.), guess (هـ s.th.)

حزر ḥazr estimation, assessment, appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise

حزورة ḥazūra riddle, puzzle

محزرة maḥzara estimation, assessment, appraisal; conjecture, guess, surmise

حزيران ḥazīrān June (Syr., Leb., Ir., Jord.)

حزقاني ḥuzuqqānī choleric

حزوقة ḥazūqa, حازوقة ḥāzūqa hiccups

حزم ḥazama i (ḥazm) to tie up, bundle, wrap up, pack, do up in a package or bundle (هـ s.th.); to girth (هـ an animal); to make fast, fasten, tie (هـ s.th.) | حزم امره (amrahū) to take matters firmly in hand; -- ḥazuma u (ḥazm, حزامة ḥazāma, حزومة ḥuzūma) to be resolute, firm, stouthearted, intrepid II to gird (ه s.o.) V and VIII to be girded; to gird o.s. put on a belt

حزم ḥazm packing, packaging, wrapping; determination, resoluteness, firmness, energy; judiciousness, discretion, prudence

حزمة ḥuzma pl. حزم ḥuzam s.th. wrapped up or tied up, bundle, fagot, fascine; beam of rays, radiation beam (phys.); bunch (of herb., etc.); sheaf; package, parcel

حزام ḥzām pl. -āt, احزمة aḥzima, حزم ḥuzum belt, girth; girdle; cummerbund, waistband (worn over the caftan to fasten it); sword belt |حزام الامن ḥ. al-amn wety belt

احزم aḥzam2 more resolute: more judicious

حازم ḥāzim pl. حزمة ḥazama and حزيم ḥazīm pl. حزماء ḥuzamā’ resolute, energetic; judicious, discreet, prudent

حزن ḥazana u to make sad, sadden, grieve (ه s.o.); -- ḥazina a (ḥuzn, ḥazan) to be sad, grieved (ل or على at or because of): to grieve. mourn (على over) II and IV to make sad, sadden, grieve (ه s.o.)

حزن ḥuzn pl. احزان aḥzān sadness, grief, sorrow, affliction

حزن ḥazn pl. حزون ḥuzūn rough, rugged, hard ground

حزن ḥazin sad, mournful, grieved

حزين ḥazīn pl. حزناء ḥuzanā’2, حزانى ḥazānā sad; mourning (for a deceased person); sorrowing, mournful, grieved |الجمعة الحزينة (jum‘a) Good Friday (Chr.)

حزنان ḥaznān2 very sad, very grieved, worried; in mourning

حزايني ḥazāyinī (حزائني ḥazā’inī) sad, mournful, melancholic; mourning (in compounds), mortuary, funereal |قماش حزايني (qumāš) cloth for mourning garments

تحزن taḥazzun sadness; behavior of a mourner

محزون maḥzūn grieved, grief-stricken, pained, sad, saddened

محزن muḥzin grievous, saddening; sad; melancholic; tragic: محزنات muḥzināt grievous things | قصة تمثيلية محزنة (qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) and رواية محزنة (riwāya) tragedy (theat.)

حس ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasastu) u (ḥass) to curry, currycomb (هـ an animal); to feel, sense (هـ s.th.); -- ḥassa (1st pers. perf. ḥasistu) a to feel srry, feel sympathy or compassion (ل for), sympathize (ل with), II to grope, feel IV to perceive, sense, experience (هـ or ب s.th.); to feel (هـ or ب s.th.); to notice (هـ or ب s.th.); to hear (هـ a sound, a noise, etc.); to take notice (ه of s.o.) V to grope, probe (هـ for s.th.), finger, handle, touch (هـ s.th.), run the hand (هـ over s.th.); to grope about, feel around: to seek information, make inquiries (من about); to sense, experience, perceive (هـ, ب s.th.); to feel (ب s.th.); to be affected, be deeply touched (ب by s.th.)

حس ḥass sensation, perception, feeling, sentiment

حس ḥiss sensory perception, sensation; feeling, sentiment; sense; voice; sound; noise

حسي ḥissī sensory; sensuous; perceptible; palpable |O المذهب الحسي (madhab) sensationalism, sensualism

حسيات ḥissīyāt sensations

حسيس ḥasīs faint noise

حساس ḥassās sensitive; sensible; readily affected, susceptible; sensual (pleasure)

حساسة ḥassāsa sensory organ

حساسي ḥassāsī allergic | امراض حساسية allergic diseases, allergies (med.)

حساسية ḥassāsīya sensitivity (also techn.); sensibility; faculty of sensory perception; susceptibility; sensuality | مرض الحساسية maraḍ al-ḥ. allergy (med.)

محسة miḥassa currycomb

احساس iḥsās pl. -āt, احاسيس aḥāsīs2 feel, feeling: sensation, sense (ب of s.th.) perception (ب of s.th.); sensitivity; pl. احساسات feelings, sentiments |O احساس بالنور sensitivity to light; O شديد الاحساس highly sensitive; احساس مشترك (muštarak) feeling of harmony, concord, unanimity; قلة الاحساس qillat al-i. insensitivity, dullness, obtuseness

O الطائفة الاحساسية aṭ-ṭā’ifa al-iḥsāsīya the impressionists

حاسة ḥāssa pl. حواس ḥawāss2 senastion; sense | الحواس الخمس the five senses

محسوس maḥsūs felt; sensed; perceptible, noticeable, palpable, tangible; appreciable, considerable (e.g., loss); المحسوس that which ill perceptible through the senses; appearance, evidence; المحسوسات things perceptible through the senses

حسب ḥasaba u (ḥasb, حساب ḥisāb, حسبان ḥisbān, ḥusbān) to compute, reckon, calculate; to count; to charge, debit (على هـ s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account); to credit (ل هـ s.th. to s.o., to s.o.’s account) | حسب حسابه (ḥisābahū) to take s.th. or s.o. into account or into consideration, reckon with s.th. or s.o., count on s.th. or s.o.; حسابا ل حسب (ḥisāban) do.; to attach importance to s.o. or s.th.; حسب الف حساب ل (alfa) to hove a thousand apprehensions about …; -- ḥasiba a i (حسبان ḥisbān, محسبا maḥsaba, maḥsiba) to regard (ه ه s.o. as), consider, deem (ه ه s.o. to be …); to think, believe, suppose, assume; to consider, regard (من ه s.o. as belonging to), count (من ه s.o. among); to see (هـ في in s.o. s.th.); -- ḥasuba u (ḥasab, حسابة ḥasāba) to be of noble origin, be highborn; to be highly esteemed, be valued III to settle an account, get even (with s.o.); to call (ه s.o.) to account, ask (ه s.o.) for an accounting; to hold (ه s.o.) responsible, make (ه s.o.) answerable | حاسب على نفسه to be careful, be on one’s guard V to be careful, be on one’s guard; to take precautions; to seek to know, try to find out (هـ s.th.) VI to settle a mutual account VIII to debit or credit; to take into account, take into consideration (ب or هـ s.th.); to reckon (ب or هـ with); (to anticipate a reward in the hereafter by adding a pious deed to one’s account with God -- such as resigning in God’s will at the death of a relative; hence:) احتسب ولدا waladan) to give a son, be bereaved of a son; احتسب عند الله الشيء to sacrifice s.th. in anticipation of God’s reward in the hereafter; to charge (على هـ s.th. for); to think, believe, suppose; to take (ه ه s.o. for or to be …); to be content, content o.s.(ب with); to disapprove (على هـ s.th. in s.o.), take exception (على هـ to s.th. in s.o.), reject (على هـ s.th. in s.o.); to call (على s.o.) to account, ask (على s.o.) for an accounting

حسب ḥasb reckoning, computing, calculation; thinking, opinion, view; sufficiency |حسبك (بحسبك) درهم ḥasbuka (bi-ḥasbika) dirhamun one dirham is enough for you; حسبك ان it suffices to say that …; you know enough when you hear that …; you need only ; بحسبك مقنعا ان (muqni‘an) it will be enough to convince you if …; وحسبك بهذا كله شرا (bi-hādā kullihī šarran) but enough of all these negative aspect! فحسب fa-ḥasb and that’s all, and no more, only (interchangeable with فقط )

حسبي ḥasbī مجلس حسبي (majlis) pl. مجالس حسبية guardianship court, probate court (Eg.)

حسب ḥasab pl. احساب aḥsāb measure, extent, degree, quantity, amount; value; esteem, high regard enjoyed by s.o.; noble descent; ḥasaba (prep.), بحسب bi-ḥasabi and على حسب ‘alā ḥasabi according to, in accordance with, commensurate with, depending on

حسبما ḥasbamā (conj.) according to what , as, depending on how … |حسبما اتفق (ttafaqa) as chance will have it

حسبة arithmetical problem, sum

حسيب ḥasīb pl. حسباء ḥusabā’2 respected, esteemed; noble, of noble birth, highborn

حسبان ḥusbān calculation, reckoning, accounnting; computation |كان في الحسبان to be taken into account, be taken into consideration; to be expected, be anticipated; كان في الحسبان ان it was expected that ; حسباني ان I expect that …

حساب ḥisāb arithmetic, reckoning, calculus; computation; calculation, estimation, appraisal; accounting, settlement; consideration, consideratedness; caution; -- (pl. -āt) bill, invoice; statement of costs (bank) account; pl. حسابات bookkeeping |حساب الجمل ḥ. al-jummal (al-jumal) use of the alphabetic letters according to their numerical value; علم الحساب ‘ilm al-ḥ. arithmetic; حساب التفاضل ḥ. al-tafāḍul differential calculus; حساب التكامل ḥ. at-takāmul integral calculus; كان في حسابه he reckoned with it, he expected it, he was prepared for it; عمل حسابا له to take s.o. or s.th. into consideration; to reckon with s.o. or s.th.; الحساب الختامي (ḳitāmī) and حساب نهائي (nihā’ī) final statement of account, final accounting; دعاه الى الحساب (da‘āhū) he called him to account; يوم الحساب yaum al-ḥ. the Day of Reckoning, Judgment Day; اقام حسابا ل to render account to s.o.; بلا حساب without limit or bounds, to excess, to an unlimited extent; من غير حساب blindly, without forethought, at random; لحساب فلان to s.o.’s credit, to s.o.’s advantage; على حساب فلان to s.o.’s debit, at s.o.’s expense, to s.o.’s disadvantage; لقي سوء الحساب laqiya sū’a 1-ḥ. he got a raw deal, he was in for it; حساب جار (jārin) current account; حسابات صندوق التوفير ḥ. ṣundūq at-taufīr savings-bank accounts; حساب موقوف blocked account; حسابات دوبية double-entry bookkeeping; الحساب الشرقي (šarqī) the Julian calendar; الحساب الغربي (garbī) the Gregorian calendar

حسابي ḥisābī arithmetical, mathematical, computational

محاسبة muḥāsaba pl. -āt accounting; clearing (com.); bookkeeping; request for accounting; examination of conscience (theol.) |قسم المحاسبة qism al-m. accounting department, comptroller’s office; clearing house

احتساب iḥtisāb computation; calculation, consideration, reflection; debiting; crediting; valuation; contentedness, satisfaction

حاسب ḥāsib counter, reckoner, arithmetician, calculator, computer

محسوب maḥsūb pl. -ūn, محاسب maḥāsib2 protégé, pet, favorite; obedient, subservient (على to s.o.)

محسوبية maḥsūbīya esteem enjoyed by s.o., position of distinction; patronage, favored position, favoritism

محاسب muḥāsib, محاسبجي muḥāsibgī (eg.) accountant, bookkeeper; comptroller, auditor

محتسب muḥtasab that for which one can expect reward in the hereafter (e.g., suffering, loss, etc.)

حسد ḥasada u (ḥasad) to envy, grudge (ه s.o., على or هـ s.th.), be envious (ه of s.o., على or هـ because of s.th.) VI to envy each other

حسد ḥasad envy

حسود pl. حسد ḥusud envious

تحاسد taḥāsud mutual envy

حاسد pl. حساد ḥussād, حسدة ḥasada envious; envier, grudger

محسود maḥsūd envied; smitten by the evil eye

حسر ḥasara u i (ḥasr) to pull away or off, remove (عن هـ s.th., a cover, a veil, from); to uncover, lay bare, unveil (عن s.th.); -- (ḥusūr) to become dim (sight); -- ḥasira a ((ḥasar, حسرة ḥasra) to regret (على s.th.), be grieved, be pained (على by s.th.); to sigh (على over s.th.); -- ḥasara i, ḥasira a (ḥasar) to become tired, fatigued II to fatigue, tire, weaken, sap (ه s.o.); to grieve, sadden (ه s.o.), cause pain or grief (ه to s.o.); to remove (هـ a cover, عن from), lay bare, unveil (عن s.th.) V to be distressed, be pained, be grieved (على by); to sigh (على over) VII to be pulled away or off, be removed (عن from); to be rolled up. be turned back (sleeve, عن from the arm); to disappear suddenly (عن from)

حسر ḥasar fatigue, debility, weakness |حسر البصر ḥ. al-baṣar nearsightedness, myopia

حسر ḥasir grieved, sad; fatigued, languid, weary, tired

حسر ḥasra pl. ḥasarāt grief, sorrow, pain, distress, affliction; sigh |يا للحسرة yā la-l-ḥasrati alas! Unfortunately! يا حسرتي yā ḥasratī and وا حسرتاه wā ḥasratāh what a pity! too bad!

حسير ḥasīr pl. حسرى ḥasrā tired, weary, fatigued, exhausted; dim, dull (eye), nearsighted |حسير البصر ḥ. al-baṣar nearsighted, myopic

حسور ḥasūr nearsightedness, myopia

حسران ḥasrān regretful, sorry, sad, distressed, grieved

تحسر taḥassur sighing; regret

حاسر ḥāsir pl. حواسر ḥawāsir2 bared, denuded | حاسر البصر ḥ. al-baṣar nearsighted, myopic; حاسر الرأس ḥ. ar-ra’s bareheaded, hatless

حسك ḥasak (coll.; n. un. ة ) thorns, spines; spikes, pricks; fish bones; awns, beard (bot.); name of several prickly herbs, esp. of the genus Tribulus

حسكي ḥasakī thorny, prickly, spiny

حسم ḥasama i (ḥasm) to cut, sever, cut off (هـ s.th.); to finish, complete, terminate (هـ s.th.); to decide (هـ a question); to settle (هـ an argument); to deduct, discount (هـ an amount from a sum of money) VII to be severed, be cut off; to be finished, be completed, be terminated; to be settled (argument)

حسم ḥasm finishing, completion, termination; decision; settling, settlement (of an argument); discontinuance, shutdown, closing down; deduction, discounting (of an amount)

حسام ḥusām sword, sword edge

حسوم ḥasūm fatal, trying, grueling (pl.; days, nights, also years)

حاسم ḥāsim decisive; final, peremptory, conclusive, definite, definitive

حسن ḥasana u (ḥusn) to be handsome, beautiful, lovely, nice, fine, good; to be expedient, advisable, suitable, proper, fitting; to be in a proper state, be in a desirable condition |ان حسن لديك in ḥ. ladaika if you like it, if it seems all right to you; يحسن بك ان it is to your advantage that you ; you ought to …; حسن استعداده ل he was all willing to … II to beautify, embellish (هـ s.th.); to adorn, decorate (هـ s.th.); to improve, put into better form, ameliorate, better (هـ s.th.); to make a better presentation (هـ of s.th.); to present in a favorable light, depict as nice or desirable (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.; to sugar-coat, make more palatable (هـ s.th. unpleasant, s.th. disadvantageous) III to treat (ه s.o.) with kindliness IV to do right, act well; to do (هـ s.th), well, expertly, nicely; to know (هـ how to do s.th.), be able (هـ to do s.th.); to master (هـ s.th.), have command (هـ of s.th.), be proficient (هـ in s.th.; a language, an art, a handicraft, etc.), be conversant (هـ with s.th.); to do good, be charitable; to do favors, do good (الى or ب to s.o.), do (ب or ب s.o.) a good turn, be nice, friendly (الى or ب to s.o.); to give alms, give charity (الى to s.o.) |ما احسنه mā aḥsanahū how good he is! how handsome he is! احسنت aḥsanta well done! bravo! احسن الالمانية (almānīya) to master the German language, know German well; احسن التسديد to aim well or accurately; احسن مشورته (mašūratahū) to give good advice; احسن الظن ب (ẓanna) to have a good opinion of , judge s.th. favorably; احسن معاملته (mu‘āmalatahū) to treat s.o. well V to become nicer, more handsome, more beautiful; to improve, ameliorate, get better X to deem (هـ s.th.) nice, etc., or good; to regard (هـ s.th.) as right, advisable or appropriate; to approve (هـ of s.th.), sanction, condone (هـ s.th.); to come to like, to appreciate (هـ s.th.), find pleasure (هـ in s.th.); also = IV: استحسن الانجليزية (ingilīzīya) to know English well; pass. ustuḥsina to be good, commendable, advisable

حسن ḥusn beauty, handsomeness, prettiness, loveliness; excellence, superiority, perfection |لحسن الحظ fortunately; حسن السلوك good manners, good behavior; good conduct; حسن السير والسلوك (ḥ. as-sair) an irreproachable life; حسن التصرف ḥ. al-taṣarruf discretion, individual judgment; حسن الظن good opinion, favorable judgment; حسن التعبير euphemism; حسن القصد (النية ) ḥ. al-qaṣd (an-nīya) good intention, good will, good faith; حسن يوسف ḥ. yūsuf beauty spot, patch; ست الحسن a kind of bindweed (Convolvulus cairicus L.; bot.); deadly nightshade, belladonna

حسن ḥasan pl. حسان ḥisān beautiful, handsome, lovely; pretty, nice; good, agreeable; excellent, superior, exquisite; حسنا ḥasanan well, splendidly, excellently, beautifully; الحسان the ladies; -- high sandhill

الحسنيون al-ḥasanīyūn the Hasanides, the descendants of ḥasan, son of ‘Alī and Fāṭima

احسن aḥsan2 pl. احاسن aḥāsin2 better; nicer, lovelier, more beautiful; more excellent, more splendid, more admirable|هو احسن حالا منهم he is better off than they are; بالتي هي احسن (bi-llatī) in a friendly manner, amicably, with kindness

حسناء ḥasnā’2 pl. حسان ḥisān (of a woman) beautiful, a beauty, a belle

الحسنى al-ḥusnā pl. -āt (f. of الاحسن al-aḥsan) the best outcome, the happy ending; fair means, amicable manner |بالحسنى amicably, by fair means, in a friendly manner; الاسماء الحسنى (asmā’) the 99 attributes of God

حسنة ḥasana pl. -āt good deed, benefaction; charity, alms; pl. حسنات advantages, merits

حسون ḥassūn pl. حساسين ḥasāsīn2 gold-finch

محسنة maḥsana s.th. nice, s.th. good; advantage; pl. محاسن maḥāsin2 beauties, charms, attractions, merits, advantages, good qualities

تحسين taḥsīn beautification, embellishment; improvement, amelioration, betterment; processing, refining, finishing; (pl. تحاسين taḥāsīn) ornament, decoration |O تحسين النسل t. an-nasl eugenics

محاسنة muḥāsana friendly treatment, kindliness amicability

احسان iḥsān beneficence. charity, almsgiving, performance of good deeds

تحسن taḥassun improvement, amelioration |في التحسن on the way to recovery

استحسان istiḥsān approval, consent; acclaim; discretion; application of discretion in a legal decision (Isl. Law)

محسن muḥassin embellisher, beautifier, improver; pl. محسنات muḥassināt cosmetics

محسن muḥsin beneficent, charitable

مستحسن mustaḥsan approved, commendable; pleasant, agreeable

(حسو) حسا ḥasā u (ḥasw), V and VIII to drink, sip (هـ s.th.)

حسو ḥasw and حساء ḥasā’ soup, broth

حسوة ḥaswa pl. ḥasawāt a sip

حسوة ḥuswa pl. ḥusuwāt, ḥusawāt, احسية aḥasiya a sip, small quantity of liquid; soup, broth; bouillon

حش ḥašša u (ḥašš) to mow, cut (هـ s.th.) II to smoke hashish

حشيش ḥašīš (coll.) pl. حشائش hāšā’iš2 herbs, grasses; weeds; hay; hemp (Cannabis sativa L.; bot.), hashish, Cannabis; stillborn child | حشيش الدينار ḥ. ad-dīnār hops

حشيشة ḥašīša (n. un.) herb

حشاش ḥaššāš pl. -ūn smoker or chewer of hashish. hashish addict

حشاش ḥuššāš, حشاشة ḥušāša last breath, last spark of life

حشيشي ḥašīšī (eg.) sap-green, reseda-colored

محش miḥašš, محشة miḥašša pl. محاش maḥāšš2 sickle, scythe; fire iron, poker

محشة miḥašša pl. -āt (eg.) tool for weeding, weeder

محشش maḥšaš, محشش خانة m. ḳāna hashish den

محششة pl. محاشش maḳāšiš2 hashish den

حشد ḥašada i u (ḥašd) to gather, concentrate, mass (ه esp. troops), call up, mobilize (ه an army); to pile up, store up, accumulate (هـ s.th., الى at a place) II to amass, accumulate (هـ s.th.), mass, concentrate (ه esp. troops) V and VIII to rally, come together, assemble, gather, crowd together, throng together; to be concentrated, be massed (troops); to fall into line (troops)

حشد ḥašd pl. حشود ḥušūd assembling, rallying; gathering, assembly, crowd, throng; concentration, massing (esp. of troops); mobilization. calling up (of an army)

حشد taḥaššud pl. -āt concentration (of troops)

احتشاد iḥtišād pl. -āt gathering, crowd; concentration (of troops)

حشيد numerous (of an assembly), crowded (of a public demonstration)

O حاشدة ḥāšida battery (el.)

حشر ḥašara i u (ḥašr) to gather, assemble, rally (ه people); to cram, crowd, pack, jam (together); to squeeze. press, force, stuff, tuck (بين or في هـ s.th. into)

يوم الحشر yaum al-ḥašr the day of congregation (of the dead), the Day of resurrection

حشرة ḥašara pl. -āt insect; pl. vermin, insect pests | علم الحشرات ‘ilm al-ḥ. entomology

حشري ḥašarī insectile, insectival, insect- (in compounds); entomologic(al)

حشرج ḥašraja and II taḥašraja to rattle in the throat

حشرجة ḥašraja rattling, rattle in the throat

حشف V to be dressed shabbily, dress slovenly

حشف ḥašaf dates of inferior quality

حشفة ḥašafa glans (penis; anat.)

حشك ḥašaka i (ḥašk) to cram, jam, squeeze, stuff (في هـ s.th. into)

حشم ḥašama i (ḥašm) to shame, put to shame (ه s.o.) 11 and IV do. V and VIII to be ashamed to face s.o. (من or عن ); to be reticent, modest, shy, bashful, diffident

حشم ḥašam servants, retinue, entourage, suite

حشمة ḥišma shame, bashfulness, timidity, diffidence; modesty; decency, decorum

حشيم ḥašīm pl. حشماء ḥušamā’2 modest, timid, bashful, shy, diffident

محاشم maḥāšim2 pubes, genitals

تحشم taḥaššum and احتشام iḥtišām shame, shyness, modesty, reticent, decency, decorum

محتشم muḥtašim shy, bashful; modest, reticent, decent, decorous

حشا (حشو ) ḥaša u (ḥašw) to stuff, fill, dress (ب هـ s.th. with; esp. fowl, etc.); to fill in (هـ s.th.); to load (هـ a firearm; هـ هـ s.th. with, e.g., a camera); to fill (هـ a tooth); to insert (هـ s.th.) 11 to interpalate (هـ s.th.); to insert (هـ s.th.); to provide (هـ s.th.) with a margin; to hem (هـ a dress); to supply (هـ a book) with marginal notes or glosses III to except, exclude (من ه s.o. from) V to keep away, stand aloof, abstain (من ه from), avoid, shun (من s.th.), beware (من of), be on one’s guard (من against) VI to keep away, abstain (عن or من from), beware (هـ or عن or من of), avoid, shun (هـ or عن or من s.th.)

حشو ḥašw that with which s.th. is stuffed or filled; dressing, stuffing (of fowl, .to.); filling (of tooth); insertion; (gram.) parenthesis; interpolation

حشو ḥašwa pl. -āt filling, stuffing (cushion, cookery, etc.); load (of a cartridge), charge (of a min.); panel, inlay, inserted piece (in paneling, in a door)

حشا ḥašan pl. احشاء aḥšā’ bowels, intestines; interior, inside |في احشاء in the interior of, within, in

حشى ḥašan = حشا ḥašan

حشية ḥašīya pl. –āt, حشايا ḥašāyā cushion, pillow; mattress

حاشا ḥāšā (with genit., acc. or ل ) except, save |حاشى لله, حاشا لله God forbid! حاشا لك ان far be it from you that you ...; حاش لله, حاش لك (ḥāša) = حاشا لله, حاشا لك

تحشية taḥšya insertion; interpolation

تحاش taḥāšin avoidance

حاشية ḥāšiya pl. حواش ḥawāšin border; seam, hem; edge; margin (of a book); marginal gives; marginal notes; commentary on certain words and passages of a book, supercommentary; footnote; postscript; retinue, entourage, suite, servants; dependents; pl. حواش critical apparatus | رقيق الحاشية and رقيق الحواشي nice, polite, courteous, gracious, amiable, kindly, friendly; رقة الحهشية riqqat al-ḥāš. niceness, amiability, graciousness

محشو maḥšūw filled, dressed; stuffed; loaded (firearm); pl. محشوات maḥšūwāt filled, or stuffed, dishes

محشي maḥšīy filled, stuffed (esp. food); s.th. filled or stuffed

حص ḥaṣṣa u to fall as a share (ه to s.o.) III to share (ه هـ s.th. with s.o.) IV to allot s.o. (ه ) his share

حص ḥuṣṣ saffron

حصة ḥiṣṣa pl. حصص ḥiṣaṣ share, portion, allotment; share (fin.); contingent, quota; span of time; lesson, class period | حصة في الربح ḥ. fī r-rabḥ dividend (fin.); O حصة التأسيس founders’ share; O نظام الحصص quota system, apportionment; في حصة وجيزة in a short time

تحصيص taḥṣīṣ quota system, apportionment

محاصة muḥāṣṣa allotment; sharing (with s.o.), partaking, participation

حصالبان see حصى

حصب ḥaṣaba i u to cover or strew with pebbles or gravel (هـ ground); to macadamize (هـ ground), metal (هـ a road); -- ḥaṣiba a and pass. ḥuṣiba to have the measle II to cover or strew with pebbles or gravel (هـ ground); to macadamize (هـ ground), metal (هـ a road)

حصب ḥaṣab road metal, crushed rock, ballast

حصب ḥaṣbā’2 (coll.) pebbles; gravel

حصب ḥaṣba measles (med.)

حاصبة ḥāṣiba storm, hurricane

حصحص ḥaṣḥaṣa to be or become clear, plain, manifest; to come to light (truth)

حصد ḥaṣada i u (ḥaṣd, حصاد ḥaṣad, ḥiṣad) to harvest, reap (هـ s.th.); to mow (هـ s.th.) IV, VIII and X to be ripe

حصد ḥaṣd and حصاد ḥiṣād harvesting, reaping, harvest; حصاد harvest time

حصيد ḥaṣid, حصيدة ḥaṣīda pl. حصائد ḥaṣā’id2 crop, harvest yield | قائم وحصيد everything without exception

حصاد ḥaṣṣād reaper; harvester

محصد miḥṣad pl. محاصد maḥāṣid2 sickle

O حصادة ḥaṣṣāda and O محصدة miḥṣada mowing machine, mower | O حصادة دراسة (darrāsa) combine

حاصد ḥāṣid reaper

O حاصدة ḥāṣid mowing machine, mower

محصود maḥṣūd harvested, reaped, mown

محصد muḥṣid and mustaḥṣid ripe

حصر ḥaṣara i u (ḥaṣr) to surround, encircle, encompass, ring (هـ s.th.); to enclose (هـ s.th.); to parenthesize (هـ a word); to blockade (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to besiege, beleaguer (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter, restrain, contain, hold back (ه s.o.); to limit, restrict (في هـ or ب s.th. to); to condense, reduce in scope (هـ s.th.); to narrow down, confine (في هـ s.th. to, also a suspicion to s.o.); to bring together, compile, arrange (في هـ s.th. under a rubric); to enter (في هـ s.th. in a list); to put together, set up, list, enumerate (هـ s.th.); to comprise, contain, include, involve (هـ s.th.); -- ḥaṣira a (ḥaṣar) to be in a fix, be in a dilemma III to encircle, surround (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to shut off, seclude (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to block (هـ s.th.); to beleaguer, besiege (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to blockade (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to detain, deter, restrain (ه s.o.) VII to be straitened, confined, narrowed in; to be or become restricted, limited (ب or في to); to limit o.s. (ب or في to); to be condensed (في to), be concentrated (في in); to be or become united (e.g., تحت حكمه under s.o.’s rule); to be reducible (في to), be expressible (في in terms of), consist (في in)

حصر ḥaṣr encirclement, encompassment, enclosure, corralling; parenthesizing; blocking, blockading, beleaguering, siege; detention, determent; restraint, retention, containment, check; limitation, restriction, confinement ~ narrowing; gathering, collecting (of s.th. scattered), compilation; enumeration, listing, counting, computing; centralization, concentration; (tobacco) monopoly | بالحصر strictly speaking; على سبيل الحصرحصر exhaustively; حصر التموين ḥ. al-tamwīn rationing; علامة الحصر ‘alāmat al-ḥ. parentheses, brackets (typ.); لا يدخل تحت الحصر (yadḳulu) or لا حصر له (ḥaṣra) boundless, infinite, immeasurable, innumerable; يفوق الحصر yafūqu al-ḥaṣra do.; O اجازة الحصر ijāzat al-ḥ. patent on an invention; ادارة حصر التبغ والتنباك idārat ḥ. at-tibg wa-t-tumbāk Government Tobacco Monopoly (Syr.)

حصر ḥuṣr retention (of urine); constipation

حصر ḥaṣar dyslogia, inability to express o.s. effectively

حصير ḥaṣīr pl. حصر ḥuṣur mat

حصيرة ḥaṣīra pl. حصائر ḥaṣā’ir2 mat

حصار ḥiṣār block, blockage, barrier; blockade; siege

محاصرة muḥāṣara block, blockage, barrier; blockade; siege

انحصار inḥiṣār restrictedness, limitation, confinement; (tobacco) monopoly

محصور maḥṣūr blocked, blockaded; beleaguered, besieged; limited, restricted, confined (في to); narrow

حصرم ḥiṣrim (coll.; n. un. ة ) unripe and sour grapes (syr.)

حصف ḥaṣufa u (حصف ḥaṣāfa) to have sound judgment, be judicious, discriminating

حصف ḥaṣif endowed with sound judgment, judicious, discriminating

حصيف ḥaṣīf endowed with sound judgment, judicious, discriminating

حصافة ḥaṣāfa sound judgment, judiciousness

حصل ḥaṣala u (حصول ḥuṣūl) to set in; to be there, be existent, extant; to arise, come about; to result, come out; to happen, occur, transpire, come to pass, take place; to happen, occur (ل to s.o.), come (ل upon s.o.), befall, overtake (ل s.o.); to originate, emanate, derive, stem (من from), be caused, be produced (من by); to attain, obtain, get, receive, achieve (على s.th.), win (على s.o. or s.th.); to come into possession (على of s.th.); to seek (على a permit), apply (على for a permit); to collect, recover (على a debt), call in (على funds); to receive. take in (على s.th.) II to cause s.th. (هـ ) to happen or set in; to attain. obtain (هـ s.th.); to acquire (هـ s.th., also knowledge); to infer, deduce (هـ s.th.); to collect (هـ a fee, fare, etc.), levy (هـ taxes, fees, etc.), call in (هـ money); to summarize, sum up (هـ s.th.) V to result (من from), come out (sum); to be obtained, be attained; to be raised, be levied, be required. be demanded; to be taken in, come in (fees, taxes, funds); to be collected (taxes); to procure for o.s., get (على s.th.); to attain, receive, obtain (على s.th.); to acquire (على s.th.); to collect (على fees) X to procure for o.s., get (على s.th.); to attain. Receive, obtain (على s.th.); to acquire (على s.th.)

حصول ḥuṣūl setting in, occurrence, incidence. happening (of an event or process); obtainment. attainment (على of s.th.); achievement (على of s.th.); acquisition (على of s.th.)

حصيلة ḥaṣīla pl. حصائل ḥaṣā’il2 rest, remainder; amount collected, proceeds, returns; revenue, receipts, yield, income, takings

حوصل , حوصلة and حويصلة look up alphabetically

حصالة ḥaṣāla collection box, alms box

محصل maḥṣal result, outcome, upshot, issue

تحصيل taḥṣīl pl. -āt attainment, obtainment, gain; acquisition (also of knowledge); learning, studying, scientific studies; collection, raising, levy(ing), calling in (of funds, taxes); income, revenue, receipts, returns, proceeds; résumé, summary, gist (of a speech or opinion); من تحصيل الحاصل ان يقال in summary, it may be said ...

تحصيلجي taḥṣīlgī (eg.) = محصل muḥaṣṣil

حاصل ḥāṣil pl. حواصل  ḥawāsil2 setting in, occurring, taking place, happening; result, outcome, sum, total, product (also math.); revenues, receipts, proceeds, gain; income, returns; crop, harvest; warehouse, storehouse, granary, depot, magazine; main content, purport, gist, essence, substance (of a speech); الحاصل briefly, in short; pl. حاصلات product(s), yield. produce. production (econ.)

محصول maḥsūl pl. -āt, محاصل maḥāṣīl2 result, outcome, issue; yield, gain; product, produce; crop, harvest; production

محصل muḥaṣṣil collector; tax collector; cashier; (bus, streetcar) conductor

متحصل mutaḥaṣṣil yield, revenue, proceeds, receipts, returns (من from)

حصن ḥaṣuna u (حصانة ḥaṣāna) to be inaccessible, be well fortified; to be chaste (woman) II to make inaccessible (هـ s.th.); to strengthen (هـ s.th.); to fortify, entrench (هـ s.th.); to immunize, make proof (ضد ḍidda against) IV to make inaccessible (هـ s.th.); to fortify, entrench (هـ s.th.); to be chaste, pure (woman); to remain chaste, be of unblemished reputation (woman) V to strengthen one’s position, protect o.s.; to be fortified; to be secure, be protected

حصن ḥiṣn pl. حصون ḥuṣūn fortress, fort, castle, citadel, stronghold; fortification, entrenchment; protection | حصن طائر Flying Fortress

حصان ḥiṣān pl. حصن ḥuṣun, احصنة aḥsina horse; stallion | حصان البحر ḥ. al-baḥr hippopotamus; حصان بخاري (buḳārī) iron horse; قوة حصن qūwat ḥ., or حصان alone, horse power

حصين ḥaṣīn inaccessible, strong, fortified, firm, secure(d), protected; immune, proof, invulnerable (ضد ḍidda against) | الحصن الحصين (ḥiṣn) stronghold (fig.; e.g., of radicalism)

ابو الحصين abū l-ḥuṣain fox

حصانة ḥaṣāna strength, ruggedness, forbiddingness, impregnability, inaccessibility; shelteredness, chastity (of a woman); invulnerability, inviolability; immunity (of deputies, diplomats; against illness)

تحصين taḥṣīn pl. -āt fortification, entrenchment; strengthening, cementing, solidification; immunization

احصان iḥṣān blamelessness, unblemished reputation, integrity (Isl. Law)

تحصن taḥaṣṣun securing, safeguarding, protection, protectedness

محصن muḥaṣṣan fortified; entrenched; immune, proof (ضد ḍidda against)

محصنة muḥṣina, muḥṣana sheltered, well-protected, chaste; of unblemished reputation (woman; Isl. Law)

حصى IV to oount, enumerate (هـ s.th.); to calculate, compute (هـ s.th. من from); to debit, charge (على هـ s.th. to s.o.’s account), hold (هـ s.th. على against s.o.) |لا يحصى (yuḥṣā) innumerable

حصى ḥaṣan (coll.) pebbles, little stones

حصاة ḥaṣāh, حصوة ḥaṣwa pl. حصيات ḥaṣayāt little stone; pebble; calculus, stone (med.) | حصاة بولية (baulīya) cystic calculus; حصاة صفراوية (ṣafrāwīya) gallstone, biliary calculus

حصى لبان ḥaṣā lubān, حصالبان rosemary (bot.)

حصوي ḥaṣawī stony, pebbly, gravelly

احصاء iḥṣā’ pl. -āt count, counting; enumeration; calculation, computation; statistics | احصاء السكان i. as-sukkān census

احصائي iḥṣā’ī statistic(al); (pl. -ūn) statistician

احصائية iḥṣā’īya pl. -āt statistics

حض ḥaḍḍa u (ḥaḍḍ) and II to spur on, incite (ه s.o., على to), goad, prod (ه s.o.• على to do s.th.)

حض ḥaḍḍ incitement, inducement, prodding, prompting, instigation

حضيض ḥaḍīḍ, pl. حضض ḥuḍuḍ, احضة aḥiḍḍa foot of a mountain; lowland; perigee (astron.); depth; state of decay | نزل الى الحضيض to sink low (fig.); دكه الى الحضيض (dakkahū) to ruin s.th. completely, run s.th. into the ground

حضر ḥaḍara u (حضور ḥuḍūr) to be present (هـ at), be in the presence (ه of s.o.); to attend (هـ s.th.); to be present (هـ in s.o.’s mind), be readily recalled (ه by s.o.); to take part, participate (مجلسا majlisan in a meeting); to come, get (الى or هـ, ه to s.o., to a place), arrive (الى or هـ at a place); to visit (هـ a place), attend (هـ a public event), go (هـ to a performance, etc.); to appear (امام before a judge, etc., الى in, at), show up (الى in, at); to betake o.s., go (الى من from to); (حضارة ḥaḍāra) to be settled, sedentary (in a civilized region, as opposed to nomadic existence)

II to ready, make ready, prepare (هـ s.th., also, e.g., as medicine = to compound), make, produce, manufacture (هـ s.th.); to study, prepare (هـ a lesson); to fetch, get, bring (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), procure, supply (هـ s.th.); to settle (ه s.o), make s.o. (ه ) sedentary; to civilize (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) III to give a lecture, present s.th. in a lecture (ه to s.o.); to lecture, give a course of lectures IV to fetch, get, bring (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), procure, supply (هـ s.th.); to take (ه s.o., هـ s.th., الى to a place) |احضره معه to have s.th. with one, bring s.th. along V to prepare o.s., ready o.s., get ready (ل for); to be ready, prepared; to become settled, be sedentary in a civilized region; to be civilized, be in a state of civilization; to become urbanized, become a town dweller VIII to come (ه to s.o.), be in the presence (ه of s.o.); to live in a civilized region; pass. ustuḥḍira to die X to have s.th. (هـ ) brought, to call, send (هـ, ه for s.o., for s.th.), have s.o. (ه ) come; to summon (ه s.o.); to fetch, procure, supply, get, bring (هـ s.th.); to conjure, call up, evoke (هـ a spirit); to visualize, envision, call to mind (هـ s.th.); to carry with o.s., bring along (هـ s.th.); to prepare (هـ, ه e.g., a medicinal preparation)

حضر ḥaḍar a civilized region with towns and villages and a settled population (as opposed to desert, steppe); settled population, town dwellers (as opposed to nomads)

حضري ḥaḍarī settled, sedentary, resident, not nomadic, non-Bedouin, like urbanites; civilized; urban; town dweller

حضرة ḥaḍra presence |في حضرة in the presence of ...; الحضرة العالية (‘āliya) His Highness (formerly, title of the Bey of Tunis); حضرتكم a respectful form of address, esp. in letters; حضرة الدكتور cf. Fr. Monsieur le docteur

حضور ḥuḍūr presence; visit, participation, attendance; (as one pl. of حاضر ) those present |بحضوره in his presence; حضور الحفلة ḥ. al-ḥafla attendance of the celebrationحضور الذهن ḥ. ad-dihn presence of mind; ورقة حضور waraqat ḥ. summons (jur.)

حضوري ḥuḍūrī: احكام حضورية (aḥkām) judgments delivered in the presence of the litigant parties after oral proceedings (jur.); حضوريا ḥuḍūrīyan contradictorily (jur.)

حضارة ḥaḍāra civilization; culture; settledness, sedentariness

حضيرة ḥaḍīra pl. حضائر ḥaḍā’ir2 a small group of 6 to 12 people (specif., the smallest unit of boy scouts = patrol); section, squad (mil.; Syr.)

محضر maḥḍar presence; attendance, coming, appearance (of s.o.); assembly, meeting, gathering, convention; (pl. محاضر maḥāḍir2) minutes, official report, process-verbal, record of the factual findings |محضر الجرد m. al-jard inventory list; بمحضر منه bi-maḥḍarin minhu in s.o.’s presence

تحضير taḥḍīr preparing, readying, making ready; (pl. -āt) preparation (ل for; also e.g., for an examination); making, preparation, cooking (of food, etc.), production, manufacture

تحضيري taḥdīrī preparatory, preparative |المدارس التحضيرية للمعلمين (mu‘allimīn) preparatory institutes for teachers, teachers’ colleges (Eg.)

محاضرة muḥāḍara pl. -āt lecture

احضار iḥḍār procurement, supply, fetching, bringing

تحضر taḥaḍḍur civilized way of life

احتضار iḥtiḍār demise, death

استحضار istiḥḍār making, production, manufacture; preparation; summoning |استحضار الارواح istiḥḍār al-arwāḥ evocation of spirits, spiritism

حاضر ḥāḍir pl. حضر ḥuḍḍar, حضور ḥuḍūr present; attending; الحاضر the present (time); prepared (ل for); ready; (pl. حضار ḥuḍḍār, حضرة ḥaḍara) settled, sedentary, resident, village or town dweller, not nomadic | في الحاضر or في الوقت الحاضر at present, now; حاضر الفكر ḥ. al-fikr quick-witted, quick at repartee; نقد حاضر (naqd) cash, ready money

حاضرة ḥāḍira pl. حواضر ḥawāḍir2 capital city, metropolis; city (as a center of civilization)

محضور maḥḍūr possessed, haunted or inhabited by a jinni; demoniac

محضر muḥaḍḍir maker, producer, manufacturer; dissector (med.)

محاضر muḥāḍir lecturer, speaker

محضر muḥḍir court usher

متحضر mutaḥaḍḍir civilized

محتضر muḥtaḍar dying, in the throes of death, on the brink of death; a dying person; haunted or inhatbited by a jinni; demoniac

مستحضر mustaḥḍar pl. -āt preparation (chem., pharm.) | مستحضر دوائي (dawā’ī) medicinal preparation

حضرموت ḥaḍramaut2 Hadhramaut

حضرمي ḥaḍramī pl. حضارم ḥaḍārim2 man from Hadhramaut; Hadhramautian (adj.)

حضن ḥaḍana u (ḥaḍn, حضانة ḥiḍāna) to clasp in one’s arms, embrace, hug (ه s.o.);

to nurse, bring up, raise (ه a child); (ḥaḍn, حضان ḥidān, حضانة ḥiḍāna, حضون ḥuḍūn) to hatch, brood, incubate (هـ an egg; of a bird) VI to embrace one another, cling to one another, nestle against each other VII to clasp in one’s arms, embrace, hug (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to harbor in one,s bosom (هـ feeling); to hatch, concoct, contrive (هـ s.th.); to bring up, raise (هـ a child)

حضن ḥaḍn pl. احضان aḥḍān breast, bosom (between the outstretched arms); armful, that which can be carried in one's arms | قبله بالحضن (qabilahū) he received him with open arms; بين احضان and في احضان amid, among; with, in the presence of (s.o.); في احضان الصحراء (saḥrā’) in the heart (or folds) of the desert; اخذتني بين احضانها she took me in her arms

حضانة ḥiḍāna, ḥaḍāna raising, bringing up, nursing (of a child); hatching (of an egg), incubation | دار الحضانة children’s home, day nursery, crèche

حضين in embraced, bugged, resting in s.o.’s arms

محضن maḥḍan pl. محاضن maḥādin2 children’s home, day nursery, crèche

احتضان iḥtiḍān embrace, hug(ging), accolade

حاضنة ḥāḍina pl. حواضن ḥawāḍin2 nurse-maid, dry nurse

محتضن muḥtaḍin embracing, hugging; tender, affectionate

حط ḥaṭṭa u (ḥaṭṭ) to put, place, put down, set down (هـ s.th.); to take down (هـ a load, burden); to lower, decrease, diminish, reduce (هـ or من s.th.); to depreciate (من قدره min qadrihī or من قيمته min qudratihī the value of s.th.) |حط الرحال (riḥāla) to halt, make a stop, dismount, encamp (while traveling on horseback, camelback. etc.); -- u (ḥaṭṭ, حطوط ḥuṭūṭ) to sink, descend, go down; to alight (bird); to land (airplane); to drop (price) II to put down, set down, take off, unload (هـ a load) VII to sink, descend, go down; to decrease, diminish; to decline, decay, wane VIII to put down, set down, take down (هـ s.th.)

حط ḥaṭṭ (act of) putting or setting down; depreciation, belittling, derogation, disparagement (من of s.th.); reduction, diminution, decrease (من of s.th.)

حطة ḥiṭṭa alleviation, relief, mitigation; abasement, debasement, demotion, degradation (in rank, dignity, prestige); humiliation, insult, indignity

احط aḥaṭṭ lower

حطيطة ḥaṭīṭa price reduction

محط maḥaṭṭ place at which s.th. is put down or deposited; stopping place, stop; pause fermata, hold, concluding strain, cadence (mus.) |محط الآمال object of hope, that on which one's hopes are pinned; كان محط الأنظار to attract the glances, draw attention to o.s.; محط الكلام m. al-kalām sense, or meaning, of one’s words

محطة maḥaṭṭa pl. -āt stopping place, stop (also of public conveyances); station, post; railroad station; broadcasting station, radio station | محطة تحويل التيار m. taḥwīl at-tayyār transformer station; محطة الاذاعة (اللاسلكية ) m. al-idā‘a (al-lāsi1kīya ) broadcasting station, radio station; transmitter (station); محطة رئيسية (ra’īsīya) (railroad) main station; O محطة الاشارات m. al-išārāt signal post; O محطة الارسال m. al-irsāl transmitter (station; radio); محطة للارصاد الجوية (li-l-arṣād al-jawwīya) meteorological station, weather station; محطة الصرف m. aṣ-ṣarf (Eg.) pump station (for drainage); power plant; O محطة الاستقبال receiving station (radio); O محطة لاسلكية قصيرة الأمواج (lā-silkīya qaṣīrat al-amwāj) short-wave transmitter station; محطة توليد الكهرباء m. taulīd al-kahrabā’ and محطة كهربائية power plant

انحطاط inḥiṭāṭ decline, fall, decay, decadence; inferiority |احساس الانحطاط iḥsās al-inḥ. sense of inferiority

انحطاطي inḥiṭāṭ postclassical writer

منحط munḥaṭṭ low, base, low-level, low-grade; fallen, degraded (woman); mean, vile, vulgar; inferior

حطب ḥaṭaba i to gather firewood | حطب في حبله (fī ḥablihī) to support s.o., stand by s.o., back s.o. up VIII to gather firewood

حطب ḥaṭab pl. احطاب aḥṭāb firewood

حطاب ḥaṭṭāb wood gatherer; wood-cutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood

تحطيب taḥṭīb singlestick fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural areas; eg.)

حاطب taḥṭīb wood gatherer; woodcutter, lumberjack; vendor of firewood | كحاطب ليل ka-ḥāṭibi lailin lit.: like one who gathers wood at night, i.e., blindly, at random, heedlessly (said of s.o. who does not realize, or think about, what he is doing)

حطم ḥaṭama i (ḥaṭm) to break, shatter, smash, wreck, demolish (هـ s.th.) II = I; V to break. go to pieces; to be broken, b. smashed, be shattered; to crash (e.g., airplane, structure, etc.); to be wrecked (ship) VII = V

حطمة ḥiṭma pl. حطم ḥiṭam particle, small piece, shred, bit, morsel; s.th. broken

حطام ḥuṭām debris, rubble; fragments, shards, broken pieces; wreckage, wreck (of a ship) |حطام الدنيا ad-dunyā the ephemeral things of this world, the vanities of the world

حطيم ḥaṭīm smashed, shattered, wrecked

تحطيم taḥṭīm smashing, shattering, wrecking, breaking, demolition, destruction, disruption |O سفينة تحطيم الجليد icebreaker

تحطم taḥaṭṭum crumbling, disintegration; crash (of an airplane); collapse, breakdown

حاطمة ḥāṭima: O حاطمة الجليد icebreaker (naut.)

محطم muḥaṭṭim crashing, thundering, roaring (of an explosion. etc.) – muḥaṭṭam broken (language)

محطمة muḥaṭṭima: محطمة ثلجية (taljīya) icebreaker (naut.)

حظ ḥaẓẓa a (ḥaẓẓ) to be lucky, Fortunate IV=I

حظ ḥaẓẓ pl. حظوظ ḥuẓūẓ part, portion, share, allotment; lot, fate, destiny; good luck, good fortune; affluence, wealth, fortune; prosperity; pleasure | ذو حظ من endowed with; لحسن الحظ li-ḥusni l-ḥ. and من حسن الحظ fortunately, luckily; سوء الحظ sū’ al-ḥ. bad luck, misfortune; سيء الحظ sayyi’ al-ḥ. unlucky, unfortunate; لسوء الحظ unfortunately; من حسن حظي luckily for me, fortunately; كان من حسن حظه ان he was lucky in that he ...; ليس احسن منها حظا he is no better off than she is

حظيظ ḥaẓīẓ lucky, fortunate

محظوظ lucky, fortunate; content(ed), happy, glad

حظر ḥaẓara u (ḥaẓr) to fence in, hedge in (هـ s.th.); to forbid (هـ على to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (هـ على s.o. from doing s.th.)

حظر ḥaẓr forbiddance, interdiction, prohibition, ban; embargo

حظار ḥiẓār, ḥaẓār wall, partition, screen; fence, palisade, railing

حظيرة ḥaẓīra pl. حظائر ḥaẓā’ir2 enclosure, railing, fence, palisade, hedge; compound, yard, pound, pinfold; corral, pen, paddock, coop; hangar, shed; field, domain, realm (fig.) |في حظيرة (with foll. genit.) inside of, within; جذبه الى حظيرته (jadabahū) to bring s.o. under one’s influence; حظائر الطائرات aircraft hangars; حظيرة القدس ḥ. al-quds Paradise

محظور maḥẓūr interdicted, prohibited, forbidden (على to s.o.); embargoed; pl. محظورات forbidden things, restrictions

(حظو and حظي) حظي ḥaẓiya a (حظوة ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa) to enjoy the favor or good graces of s.o. (عند ), be in s.o.’s (عند ) favor or good graces; to acquire, obtain, attain, gain, win (ب s.th.)

حظوة ḥuẓwa, ḥiẓwa favored position, role of favorite; precedence; favor, grace; good will, benevolence; prestige, credit, standing, respect, esteem | نال حظوة عند (لدى ) to find favor with s.o.

حظية ḥaẓīya pl. حظايا ḥaẓāyā paramour, mistress, concubine

محظية maḥẓīya pl. -āt paramour. mistress, concubine

حف ḥaffa u (ḥaff) to surround (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with, also ب and حول s.o., s.th.), enclose, encompass, border (ب, هـ s.th.); to depilate (هـ a part of the body), unhair (هـ the skin); to trim, clip (هـ the beard); to chafe, rub off, abrade (هـ s.th.) | تحف به العين he is the object of admiring glances, he is the center of attention, all eyes are upon him; -- i (حفيف ḥafīf) to rustle II and VIII to surround, (حول, ب, هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), enclose, encompass, border (حول,ب, هـ s.th.)

حفاف ḥifāf side

حفيف ḥafīf rustle, rustling

محفة miḥaffa (also maḥaffa) pl. -āt litter, stretcher; roller stretcher; sedan

حاف ḥaff: خبز حاف (ḳubz) plain bread (without anything to go with it; eg.)

حافة ḥāffa pl. -āt enclosure, edge, margin; brim of a vessel; border, brink, verge; fringe, hem | على حافة الخراب ’alā ḥ. al-ḳarāb on the brink of ruin

حفيد ḥafīd pl. احفاد aḥfād, حفدة ḥafada grandson; descendant, offspring, scion

حفيدة ḥafīda granddaughter

حفر ḥafara i (ḥafr) to dig (هـ s.th.): to drill (for oil): to excavate (archeol.): to carve (هـ s.th.): to engrave, etch (هـ metal) | حفر خنادق to dig trenches; حفر حفرة (ḥufratan) to prepare a pitfall, prepare an ambush VII pass. of I; VIII to dig

حفر ḥafr digging, earthwork, excavation (also archeol.); unearthing; drilling (for oil): carving, inscribing (e.g., of letters); engraving, etching; graphic arts (etching, wood engraving); scurvy (syr.) | جهاز الحفر jahāz al-ḥ. oil rig; oil derrick

حفرة ḥufra pl. حفر ḥufar pit; hollow, cavity, excavation; hole

حفرية ḥafrīya digging, excavation; O gravure; pl. حفريات excavations (archeol.)

حفار ḥaffār digger; engraver; driller; stone mason | حفار القبور gravedigger

حفير ḥafīr dug, dug out, excavated, unearthed

حفيرة ḥafīra pl. حفائر ḥafā’ir2 s.th. excavated or unearthed; pl. excavations (archeol.)

احفور uḥfūr pl. احافير aḥāfīr2 s.th. excavated; fossil; pl. excavations (archeol.)

محفر miḥfar pl. محافر maḥāfir2 spade

حافر ḥāfir pl. حوافر ḥawāfir2 hoof |وقع الحافر على الحافر to coincide, happen to correspond exactly; على الحافر on the spot, right away, at once

حافري ḥāfirī ungular, ungulate

حافرة ḥāfira original condition, beginning |عند الحافرة on the spot, right away, at once; رجع الى حافرته to revert to its original state or origin

محفور maḥfūr dug; inscribed, engraved; carved

حفز ḥafaza i (ḥafz) to pierce, stab (ه s.o., ب with the spear); to incite, instigate, urge, prompt, induce (على or الى ه s.o. to s.th.) V to prepare o.s. get ready, be ready, be about to do s.th. (ل or الى ). set out to do s.th. (ل or الى ); to get ready to jump, make a running start; to listen, pay attention VIII to be about to do s.th., be ready (ل for)

تحفز taḥaffuz preparedness, readiness; vim, dash, verve, sweep, élan

حافز ḥāfiz pl. حوافز ḥawāfiz2 spur, drive (على to do s.th.), incentive (على to), initiative

مستحفز mutaḥfiz ready, prepared (ل for)

حفظ ḥafiẓa a (ḥifẓ) to preserve (هـ s.th.); to protect, guard, defend (ه s.o.): to observe, bear in mind (هـ s.th.), comply (هـ with s.th.), be mindful, be heedful (هـ of s.th.); to keep up, maintain, sustain, retain, uphold (هـ s.th.); to hold, have in safekeeping (هـ s.th.), take care (هـ of s.th.); to keep, put away, save, store (هـ s.th); to conserve, preserve (هـ s.th.); to retain in one’s memory, remember, know by heart (هـ s.th.); to memorize, learn by heart, commit to memory (هـ s.th., esp. the Koran); to reserve (هـ لنفسه for o.s. s.th.): to stay, discontinue, suspend (التحقيق a judicial investigation; jur.) |حفظه الله may God protect him! حفظ بالبريد to hold in care of general delivery (هـ s.th.); يحفظ في البوسطة (yuḥfaẓu) in care of general delivery, poste restante; حفظ الوفاء ل (wafā’a) to be loyal to s.o., keep faith with s.o. II to have s.o. (ه ) memorize (هـ s.th.) III to preserve, keep up, maintain, uphold, sustain (على s.th.); to supervise, control (على s.th.), watch (على over s.th.); to watch out (على for), take care, be heedful, be mindful (على of), look (على after), attend, pay attention (على to); to keep, follow, observe, bear in mind (على s.th.), comply (على with), conform (على to) ; to protect, guard, defend (هـ and على , also عن s.th.) IV to vex, annoy, gall, irritate, hurt, offend (ه s.o.) V to keep up, maintain, preserve (ب s.th.); to observe, keep in mind (ب s.th.), be mindful, be heedful, take care (ب of s.th.), be concerned (ب with); to be cautious, be wary, be on one’s guard; to be reserved, aloof; to have reservations VIII to maintain, uphold (ب or هـ s.th., e.g., بحقوقه one’s rights); to keep up, maintain, retain (ب or هـ s.th., e.g., a posture, a characteristic); to take care, take over custody (ب of s.o.), protect, guard (ب s.o.); to defend (against encroachment), hold, maintain (ب a possession); to preserve, sustain, continue, keep up (ب s.th.); to hold, possess (ب s.th.); to put away, hold, have in safekeeping (ب s.th.), take care (ب of s.th.); to keep, retain (ب s.th.); احتفظ لنفسه to keep for o.s., appropriate, reserve for o.s. (ب or هـ s.th.), take complete possession (هـ of) X to ask s.o. (ه ) to guard or protect (هـ or على s.th.); to entrust (على or هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), commit s.th. (على or هـ ) to the charge of s.o. (ه )

حفظ ḥifẓ preservation; maintenance, sustentation, conservation, upholding; protection, defense, guarding; custody, safekeeping. keeping, storage; retention; observance, compliance (with); memorizing, memorization; memory; (jur.) discontinuance, stay, suspension (of legal action, of a judicial investigation) | حفظ الآثار preservation of ancient monuments (Eg.); حفظ الصحة ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene, sanitation; رجال الحفظ police

حفظة ḥifẓa anger, indignation, resentment, rancor

حفاظ ḥifāẓ pl. -āt dressing, ligature, bandage | حفاظ الحيض ḥ. al-ḥaiḍ sanitary napkin

حفيظ ḥafīẓ attentive, heedful, mindful; preserving, keeping, guarding (على s.th.)

حفيظة ḥafīẓa pl. حفائظ ḥafā’iẓ2 grudge, resentment, rancor

محفظة maḥfaẓa, miḥfaẓa pl. -āt, محافظ maḥāfiẓ2 folder, bag, satchel, briefcase dispatch case, portfolio; wallet, pocket, book

محفظة miḥfaẓa capsule

تحفيظ taḥfīẓ memorization drill, inculcation (esp. of the Koran)

حفاظ ḥifāẓ defense, protection, guarding (esp. of cherished, sacred things); preservation, maintenance (على of interests); keeping, upholding (of loyalty), adherence (to a commitment)

محافظة muḥāfaẓa guarding; safeguarding; preservation; protection, defense; conservation, sustaining, upholding; retention, maintenance (على of s.th.) conservativism (pol.), conservative attitude; following, observance (على of s.th.), compliance (على with s.th.), adherence (على to); guarding (من against misfortune), saving (من from misadventure); garrison (mil.); (pl. -āt) governorate (one of five administrative divisions of Egypt, in addition to a mudīrīyāt); office of the muḥāfiẓ (head of a governorate); province, anyone of the larger administrative districts (Syr.) | المحافظة على النفس self-preservation; مذهب المحافظة madhab al-m. conservative movement, conserativism, Toryism

تحفظ taḥaffuẓ caution, wariness, restraint, reticence, reserve, aloofness; -- (pl. -āt) precaution, precautionary measure; reservation, limiting condition, conditional stipulation, proviso |مع التحفظ with full reservation

تحفظي taḥaffuẓī precautionary, preventive |اجراءات تحفظية (ijrā’āt) precautionary measures; صلح تحفظي (ṣulḥ) settlement before action, preventive settlement (jur.)

احتفاظ iḥtifāẓ guarding, safeguarding; preservation; retention, maintenance, continuation, conservation, defense, protection, vindication, sustaining, upholding; keeping, holding, safekeeping, custody (ب of s.th.)

حافظ ḥāfiẓ keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker; (pl. حفاظ القرآن ḥuffāẓ, حفظة ḥafaẓa) one who knows the Koran by heart (formerly an honorific epithet)

حافظة ḥāfiẓa memory; -- (pl. حوافظ ḥawāfiẓ) wallet, pocketbook, money order (Eg.)

محفوظ maḥfūẓ kept, held in safekeeping, deposited, guarded, preserved; memorized, committed to memory, etc.; conserved, preserved (food); reserved; ensured, secured, safeguarded; -- pl. محفوظات canned goods, concerves; archives; memorized material, what s.o. knows by heart | دار المحفوظات المصرية the Egyptian Public Record Office; مأكولات محفوظة concerves, canned goods; جميع الحقوق محفوظة all rights reserved

محافظ muḥāfiẓ supervisory, controlling; observing (على s.th.), complying (على with), etc.; conservative (pol.), المحافظون the Conservatives, the Tories; keeper, guarder, guardian, custodian, caretaker, supervisor, superintendent; mayor; governor (Eg.: title of the chief officer of a governorate; Syr.: chief officer of a province); director general, president (= Brit. governor)

متحفظ mutaḥaffiẓ vigilant, alert, wary, cautious; reticent, reserved, aloof; staid, sedate

مستحفظ mustaḥfaẓ pl. -āt reserve (mil.)

حفل ḥafala i (ḥafl) to gather, assemble, congregate; to flow copiously; to be replete, teem, superabound (ب with); to pay attention, attend, give one’s mind (ب or ل to s.th.), concern o.s. (ب with), make much (ب of), set great store (ب by) | لا حفل به (lā ḥafla) indifferent, of no consequence II to adorn, decorate, ornament (ب ه s.th. with) VIII to gather, rally, throng together; to celebrate (ب s.th., s.o.); to concern o.s. (ب or ل with), attend, pay attention. give one’s mind (ب or ل to s.th.); to honor, welcome, receive kindly (ب s.o.)

حفل ḥafl gathering, meeting, assembling; assembly, congregation, throng, crowd; performance, show, public event; celebrations; feast, festival

حفلة ḥafla pl. -āt assembly, gathering, meeting, congregation; party; (social or public) event; show, performance (theater, cinema); concert; festivity, ceremony, festival, festive event, celebration | حفلة التأبين commemoration. Commemorative, ceremony for a deceased person; الحفلة الأولى (ūlā) premiere; حفلة حافلة numerous assembly; حفلة خيرية (ḳairīya) charity performance, charity event; حفلة الدفن ad-dfn funeral ceremony, obsequies; حفلة دينية (dīnīya) religious ceremony, Divine Service; حفلة ساهرة and حفلة سمر ḥ. samar evening party, soirée; حفلة سينمائية motion-picture show; حفلة الشاي tea party; حفلة العرس ḥ. al-‘urs wedding;حفلة الاستقبال (public) reception; حفلة موسيقية concert

حفيل ḥafīl eager, assiduous, diligent

محفل maḥfil pl. محافل maḥāfil2 assembly, congregation, meeting, gathering; party; body, collective whole; circle, quarter |محفل ماسوني Masonic lodge; المحافل الرسمية (السياسية ) (rasmīya, siyāsīya) the official (political) circles or quarters

احتفال iḥtifāl pl. -āt celebration, ceremony, festival, festivities

حافل ḥāfil pl. حفل ḥuffal, حوافل ḥawāfil2 full (ب of), filled, replete (ب with); abundant, copious, lavish; much frequented, well attended (by visitors, participants, etc.), numerous (of attendance); solemn, ceremonial, festive

حافلة hāfila pl. -āt, حوافل ḥawāfil 2 O autobus

محتفل muḥtafil: المحتفلون the participants in a festive event, the celebrators

محتفل muḥtafal assembly place, gathering place; party; محتفل به celebrated

حفن ḥafana u to scoop up with both hands (هـ s.th.); to give a little (ل to s.o.)

حفنة ḥafna pl. ḥafanāt handful

1(حفو and حفى) حفي ḥafiya a (حفاوة ḥafāwa) to receive kindly and hospitably, to welcome, receive with honors, honor (ب s.o.) V to behave with affection, be affectionate (ب toward) VIII do.; to celebrate (ب an occasion, a festival)

حفي ḥafīy welcoming, receiving kindly, greeting (ب s.o., s.th.)

حفاوة ḥafāwa friendly reception, welcoming, welcome, salutation (ب of s.o.)

احتفاء iḥtifā’ reception, welcome, salutation (ب of s.o.); celebration, festivity

2 حفي ḥafiya a (حفاء ḥafā’) to go barefoot; to have sore feet

حاف ḥāfin pl. حفاة ḥufāh barefoot(ed)

حق ḥaqqa i u to be true, turn out to be true, be confirmed; to be right, correct; (also pass. ḥuqqa) to be necessary, obligatory, requisite, imperative (على for s.o.), be incumbent (على upon s.o.); to be adequate, suitable, fitting, appropriate (على for s.o.); to be due (ل s.o.); يحق له he is entitled to it, he has a right to it; حق عليه he deserved it (punishment); -- u to ascertain (هـ s.th.), make sure, be sure (هـ of s.th.); to recognize. identify (ه s.o.) II to make s.th. (هـ ) come true; to realize (هـ s.th., e.g., a hope), carry out (هـ e.g., a wish), carry into effect, fulfill, put into action, consummate, effect, actualize (هـ s.th.); to implement (هـ e.g., an agreement); to produce, bring on, yield (هـ results); to determine, ascertain, find out, pinpoint, identify (هـ s.th.); to prove s.th. (هـ ) to be true, verify, establish, substantiate (هـ s.th.); to confirm, assert, aver, avouch, affirm (هـ s.th.); to be exact, painstaking, meticulous, careful (هـ in doing s.th.), e.g., حقق النظر (naẓara) to look closely; to study, examine, investigate, explore (هـ s.th.), look, inquire (هـ into s.th.); to verify, check (هـ or في s.th.); to investigate (في s.th., police); to make an official inquiry (هـ into s.th.), institute an investigation (هـ of or into; court; jur.); to interrogate (مع s.o.), conduct a hearing (مع of s.o.; jur.) III to contend for a right (ه with s.o.), contest or litigate a right (ه against s.o.) IV to tell the truth; to be right (في in s.th.); to enforce (هـ s.th., e.g., a legal claim) V to prove true. turn out to be true, be confirmed, prove to be correct; to materialize, become a fact; to be realized, be effected, come into effect; to be examined, be explored; to ascertain (هـ s.th., also من ), make sure, reassure o.s., gain proof, convince o.s., be convinced, be sure, be certain (هـ of s.th.); to check, verify (هـ or من s.th.); to be serious (ب about s.th.) X to be entitled, have a claim (هـ to s.th.); to claim (هـ s.th.), lay claim (هـ to); to deserve, merit (هـ s.th.), be worthy (هـ of); to require, demand, necessitate, make requisite (هـ s.th.); to fall due. become payable (sum of money), mature. become due (note); to be due (ل s.o.) |يستحق الذكر (dikra) worth mentioning, noteworthy; لا يستحق عليه الرسم (rasmu) not subject to a fee. free of charge

حق ḥaqq truth; correctness, rightness; rightful possession. property; one’s due; duty; proper manner; true, authentic, real; right, fair and reasonable; correct, sound, valid; الحق an attribute of God; (pl. حقوق ḥuqūq) right, title, claim, legal claim (في to); الحقوق law, jurisprudence, legal science; حقا ḥaqqan really, in reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in truth; justly, rightly, by rights |احقا ذلك؟ is that (really) so? really? بحق justly, rightly, by rights; بالحق truly, in reality, actually; properly, appropriately, in a suitable manner; بحق bi-haqqi and في حق as to ..., as for ..., with respect to, concerning, regarding; هو على حق he is in the right; الحق معن you are right; الحق عليك you are wrong; هو حق عليك it is your duty; هذا حقي عليكم you owe this to me; عرفانا لحقها عليه (‘irfānan) in recognition of what he owed her; من حقه he is entitled to it, it is his due; كان من حقه ان he should have ..., he ought to have …; له الحق في he is entitled to ...; والحق يقال (yuqāl) one may say, it must be admitted, it’s only fair to say, say what you will ..., though (as a parenthetical phrase); عرف حق المعرفة (ḥaqqa l-ma‘rifa) to know exactly, know for certain, know very well, also علم حق العلم (ḥaqqa l-‘ilm); فهم حق الفهم fahima ḥaqqa l-fahm to understand precisely, comprehend thoroughly, be fully aware; السعادة الحقة (sa‘āda) true happiness; كلية الحقوق kullīyat al-ḥ. law school, faculty of law

حق ḥuqq hollow, cavity; socket of a joint (anat.); also = حقة ḥuqqa

حقة ḥuqqa pl. حقق ḥuqaq, حقاق ḥiqāq, احقاق aḥqāq small box, case, pot or jar; receptacle, container; -- (pl. -āt, حقق ḥuqaq) a weight (Syr., Pal.) = اقة uqqa; حقة استانبولية = 1.280 kg (Ir.)

احق aḥaqq2 worthier, more deserving (ب of s.th.); more entitled (ب to s.th.)

حقيق ḥaqīq pl. احقاء aḥiqqā’2 worthy, deserving (ب of s.th.), fit, competent, qualified; entitled (ب to)

حقيقة ḥaqīqa pl. حقائق ḥaqā’iq2 truth, reality (also philos.); fact; the true state of affairs, the facts; true nature, essence; real meaning, true sense; ḥaqīqatan really, in reality, in effect, actually, in fact, indeed, truly, in truth | رأيته على حقيقته I saw its true nature, as it really is; في حقيقة الأمر in reality, really, actually; ليس له حقيقة it does not really exist, it is not real

حقيقي ḥaqīqī real, true; actual; proper, intrinsic, essential; genuine; authentic; positive

حقوقي ḥuqūqī juristic(al); (pl. -ūn) jurist, jurisprudent, lawyer

احقية aḥaqqīya legal claim, title, right

حقاني ḥaqqānī correct, right, proper, sound, valid, legitimate, legal

حقانية ḥaqqānīya justice, law | وزارة الحقانية Ministry of Justice (formerly Eg.)

تحقيق taḥqīq realization, actualization, effectuation, implementation; fulfillment (of a claim, of a wish, etc.); achievement, accomplishment, execution; ascertainment, determination, identification, verification; substantiation; assertion, affirmation, confirmation; pinpointing, precise determination; exactness, accurateness, precision; (= تحقيق النطق t. an-nuṭq) precise pronunciation; -- (pl. -āt) verification, check, checkup, investigation; official or judicial inquiry, inquest |التحقيق ان it is a matter of fact that ..., it is certain that ...; على التحقيق properly speaking, strictly speaking, actually; exactly, precisely; positively, definitely; عند التحقيق properly speaking, strictly speaking, actually; تحقيق الشخصية t. aš-šaḳšīya identification (of a person), proof of identity; شهادة تحقيق الشخصية šahādat t. aš-šaḳšīya identity card; قلم تحقيق الشخصية qalam t. aš-š. bureau of identification; تحقيق الذاتية t. ad-dātīya identification; قاضي التحقيق examining magistrate; تحقيق الأرباح realization of profits (stock market)

احقاق iḥqāq: احقاقا للحق iḥqāqan li-l-ḥaqq (so) that truth may prevail

تحقق taḥaqquq ascertainment, making sure; conviction, certainty, certitude; verification, check, checkup

استحقاق istiḥqāq pl. -āt worthiness, deservingness, merit; one’s due or desert; maturity, payability, falling due (of a sum of money); reclaiming or calling in of s.th. due, demand of a right; vindication (1.1. Law), replevin, detinue|عن استحقاق deservedly, justly, by rights; بدون استحقاق undeservedly; تاريخ الاستحقاق date of maturity (e.g., of a bond); الاستحقاق اللبناني (lubnānī) name of a Lebanese order

محقوق maḥqūq worthy, deserving (ب, ل of), fit, competent, qualifying (ب, ل for); wrong, at fault, on the wrong track

محقق muḥaqqiq investigator; inquirer; examining magistrate

محقق muḥaqqaq sure, certain, beyond doubt, unquestionable, indubitable; assured, established, accepted, recognized | من المحقق ان it is certain that ..., it is a fact that …

محق muḥiqq telling the truth, in the right, being right

محقق mutaḥaqqiq convinced, sure, certain, positive

مستحق mustaḥiqq entitled; claiming; beneficiary (of a wakf); deserving, worthy |مستحق الدفع m. ad-daf‘ due, payable (sum)

حقب VITI to put into one's bag, to bag (هـ s.th.)

حقب ḥuqb pl. احقاب aḥqāb, حقاب ḥiqāb long stretch of time, long period

حقبة ḥiqba pl. حقب ḥiqab long time, stretch of time; period, age | حقبة من الزمان ḥiqbatan min az-zamān for quite a time, for some time

حقب ḥaqab pl. احقاب aḥqāb a kind of ornamental belt

حقاب ḥiqāb pl. حقب ḥuqub a kind of ornamental belt

حقيبة ḥaqība pl. حقائب ḥaqā’ib2 valise, suitcase, traveling bag; leather bag | حقيبة دبلوماسية diplomatic pouch; حقيبة النقود portemonnaie, change purse; حقيبة اليد ḥ. al-yad ladies’ purse, handbag

حقد ḥaqida a, ḥaqada i (ḥaqd, ḥiqd) to harbor feelings of hatred (على against) IV to incite to hatred or resentment, embitter, envenom (ه s.o.) V = I; VI to hate one another

حقد ḥiqd pl. احقاد aḥqād, حقود ḥuqūd hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor

حقيدة ḥaqida pl. حقائد ḥaqā’id2 hatred, malice, spite, resentment, rancor

حقود ḥaqūd full of hatred, spiteful, resentful, malicious, malevolent, rancorous

حاقد ḥāqid full of hatred, spiteful, resentful, malicious, malevolent, rancorous; pl. حقدة ḥaqada malevolent people

حقر ḥaqara i (ḥaqr) to despise, scorn, disdain (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to look down (هـ, ه on), have a low opinion (هـ, ه of); -- ḥaqura u to below, base, contemptible, despicable; to be despised, degraded, humiliated II to disparage, decry, depreciate (ه s.o.), detract, derogate (ه from s.o.); to degrade, debase, humble, humiliate; to regard with contempt, despise, scorn, disdain (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) VIII to despise, scorn, disdain (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), look down (هـ, ه on) X to regard as contemptible or despicable, disdain, despise (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), look down (هـ, ه on)

حقير ḥaqīr pl. حقراء ḥuqarā’2 low, base, mean, vulgar, vile; little, small, paltry, inconsiderable, poor, wretched, miserable; despised; despicable, contemptible

احقر aḥqar2 lower, baser, more contemptible

حقارة ḥaqāra lowness, vulgarity, baseness, vileness, meanness; smallness, paltriness, insignificance, poorness, wretchedness, miserableness; despicability, contemptibleness; ignominy, infamy

تحقتر taḥqīr contempt, disdain, scorn; degradation, humiliation, abasement

احتقار iḥtiqār contempt, disdain, scorn | نظر اليه بعين الاحتقار (bi-‘aini l-iḥt.) to regard s.o. with contempt, look down one’s nose at s.o.

محتقر muḥtaqar despised; contemptible, despicable

حقل ḥaql pl. حقول ḥuqūl field (also fig. = domain); column | حقول البترول oil fields; حقل الزيت ḥ. az-zait, حقل النفط ḥ. an-nafṭ oil field; oil area; حقول التجارب experimental fields; حقل كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electric field

حقلي ḥaqlī field- (in compounds)

محاقلة muḥāqala sale of grain while still in growth, dealing in grain futures (Isl. Law)

حقن ḥaqana u (ḥaqn) to hold back, withhold, keep back, detain, retain (هـ s.th.); to suppress, repress, restrain (هـ s.th.); to keep to o.s. (السر as-sirra the secret); to spare (دمه damahū s.o.’s blood or life); to give (ه s.o.) an injection (med.) VIII to become congested (esp. blood); to suffer from strangury; to take an enema, a clyster; to be injected |احتقن وجهه (wajhahū) his face was flushed, his face turned red

حقن ḥaqn retention, withholding; sparing; injecting. injection (med.) | حقنا لدمائهم ḥaqnan li-dimā’ihim in order to spare their blood; حقن في حبل الوريد intravenous injection (med.)

حقنة ḥuqna pl. حقن ḥuqan injection (med.); hypodermic; clyster; enema

محقنة miḥqana pl. محاقن maḥāqin2 syringe (med.)

احتقان iḥtiqān congestion | احتقان الدم iḥt. ad-dam vascular congestion

محتقن muḥtaqan reddened by blood congestion, flushed, red (face)

حقو ḥaqw pl. حقاء ḥiqā’, احقاء aḥqā’ loin, groin |شدد حقويه šaddada ḥaqwaihi to gird one’s loins

1 حك ḥakka u (ḥakk) to rub, chafe; to scrape; to scratch; to rub off, scrape off, scratch off, abrade (هـ s.th.) | حك في صدره (ṣadrihī) it impressed him, affected him, touched s.th. inside him IV to itch V to rub o.s., scrape, chafe (ب against); to pick a quarrel (ب with s.o.) VI to rub or scrape against each other VIII to rub o.s. scrape, chafe (ب against); to be in contact, in touch (ب with) | احتك في صدره (ṣadrihī) it impressed him, affected him, touched s.th. inside him

حك ḥakk rubbing, chafing; friction; scratching

حك ḥakka itching; scabies, itch (med.)

حكاك ḥakkāk lapidary

محك miḥakk touchstone; test |ثبت على محك النظر tabata ‘alā m. in-naẓar to stand a critical test

محكة miḥakka currycomb

تحاك taḥākk (reciprocal) friction

احتكاك iḥtikāk pl. -āt (reciprocal) friction; close touch or contact; friction (fig., = dissension, controversy) |من غير احتكاك min gair ḥt. frictionless

محكك muḥakkak chafed, worn away

2 حكة ḥukka (tun., = ḥuqqa) pl. حكك ḥukak small box, case, pot or jar

حكر VIII to buy up, hoard and withhold, corner (هـ a commodity); to monopolize (هـ a commercial article); to have exclusive possession (هـ of s.th.), hold a monopoly (هـ over s.th.)

حكر ḥikr, ḥukr and اجرة الحكر ujrat al-ḥ. ground rent, quitrent

حكر ḥakar, ḥukar hoarded

حكرة ḥukra hoarding (of goods); monopoly

حاكورة ḥākūra small vegetable garden

احتكار iḥtikār pl. -āt cornering, buying up; monopoly; preferential position; supremacy, hegemony | احتكار تجارة البن al-bunn coffee-trade monopoly; احتكار السكر iḥ. as-sukkar sugar monopoly

احتكاري iḥtikārī rapacious, grasping, greedy

حكم ḥakama u (ḥukm) to pass judgment, express an opinion (على, في on s.th.), judge (على s.th., ب by, from); to decide, give a decision, pass a verdict, pass sentence (على on); to sentence (على s.o., ب to a penalty; said of the judge), impose, inflict (ب a penalty) on s.o. (على ); to pronounce a verdict or judgment, deliver judgment, rule (ل in s.o.’s favor); to adjudicate, adjudge, award (ب ل to s.o. s.th.); to take (ب s.th.) as a standard or norm; to have judicial power, have jurisdiction, have authority (على and ه over), govern, rule, dominate, control (على or ه s.o.); to order, command (ب s.th.); to bridle, check, curb (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.) | حكم عليه بالاعدام (ḥukima, i‘dām) he was sentenced to death; حكم بإدانته (bi-idānatihī) to convict s.o., find s.o. guilty (jur.); حكم ببراءته (bi-barā’atihi) to acquit s.o. (jur.) II to appoint (ه s.o.) as ruler; to choose (ه s.o.) as arbitrator, make (ه s.o.) the judge (في over or in s.th., بين between) III to prosecute (ه s.o.); to arraign, bring to trial, hale into court (ه s.o.); to interrogate, hear (ه s.o.) IV to make (هـ s.th.) firm, strong, sturdy, solid; to fortify (هـ s.th.); to strengthen, consolidate (هـ s.th.); to do well, do expertly, master (هـ field, work), be proficient (هـ in) | احكم امره (amrahu) to do s.th. thoroughly, carefully, properly; احكم قفل الباب (qafla l-bāb) to lock the door firmly; احكم لغة (lugatan) to master a language V to have one's own way (في in), proceed (في with) at random, at will, handle (في s.th.) arbitrarily; to pass arbitrary judgment (في on); to make o.s. the judge (على of), pass judgment (على on); to decide (ب on); to rule, reign, hold sway (في over); to dominate, control (في s.th.), be in control, be in command (في of) VI to bring one another before the judge (الى الحاكم ); to appeal (الى to) for a legal decision; to be interrogated, be heard (in court) VIII to have one’s own way (في in), proceed (في with, in s.th.) at will, at random, handle (في s.th.) arbitrarily, judge arbitrarily; to rule, reign, hold sway (على, في over); to be in control, be in possession (على of); to appeal (الى to) for a legal decision, seek a decision (الى from), have s.o. (الى ) decide X to be strong, sturdy, solid, firm; to become stronger, be strengthened, be consolidated; to take root, be or become deep-rooted, deep-seated, ingrained, inveterate, marked, pronounced (feeling, trait)

حكم ḥukm pl. احكام aḥkām judgment, valuation, opinion; decision, (legal) judgment, verdict, sentence; condemnation, conviction; administration of justice; jurisdiction, legal consequence of the facts of a case (Isl. Law); regulation, rule, provision, order, ordinance, decree; judiciousness, wisdom, judgeship, command, authority, control, dominion, power; government, regime; pl. احكام statutes, by-laws, regulations, rules, provisions, stipulations, principles, precepts; حكما ḥukman virtually; legally |بحكم bi-ḥukmi by virtue of, on the strength of, pursuant to, by force of; في حكم as good as, all but, e.g., هو في حكم (fī ḥukm l-‘adam) it is as good as nothing, it is practically nonexistent; اصبح في حكم المقرر aṣbaḥa fī ḥukmi l-muqarrar it is all but decided, كان في حكم الشيء also: to be subject to s.th.; نزل على حكمه to give in, yield to s.o., حكم البراءة ḥ. al-barā’a acquittal, حكم حضوري (ḥuḍūrī) judgment delivered in the presence of the litigant parties, after oral proceedings (jur.), الحكم بالاعدام (i‘dām) death sentence; حكم غيابي (giyābī) judgment by default (jur.); الحكم الذاتي (dātī) self-determination, autonomy (pol.); الحكم الجمهوري (jumhūrī) the republican form of government, the republican regime; الحكم المطلق (muṭlaq) the absolute, i.e., authoritarian, regime, الحكم النهائي (niyābī) the parliamentary regime, parliamentarianism; لجنة الحكم lajna al-ḥ. board of examiners, review board; الاحكام العرفية (‘urfīya) martial law; احكام انتقالية (intiqālīya) provisional regulations (jur.); احكام ختامية (ḳitāmīya) final regulations (jur.); احكام خاصة (ḳāṣṣa) special regulations; لكل سن حكمه (sinn) every age has its own set of rules, must be judged by its own standards, للضرورة احكام (li-ḍ-ḍarūra) necessity has its (own) rules, (approx.: necessity knows no law)

حكمي ḥukmī legal

حكمدار (eg.; pronounced ḥikimdār) commandant; chief of police

حكمدارية (eg.; pronounced ḥikimdārīya) commandant’s office

حكم ḥakam pl. حكام ḥukkām arbitrator, arbiter; umpire, referee

حكمة ḥikma pl. حكم ḥikam wisdom; sagacity; philosophy, maxim, rationale, underlying reason | لحكمة (with foll. genit.) on account of, because of

حكمي ḥikmī gnomic, aphoristic, expressing maxims | الشعر الحكمي (ši'r) gnomic poetry

حكمة ḥakama pl. -āt bit (of a horse’s bridle)

حكيم ḥakīm pl. حكماء ḥukamā’2 wise, judicious; wise man, sage; philosopher; physician, doctor

حكيمباشي ḥakīmbāšī senior physician, chief surgeon

حكومة ḥukūma pl. -āt government

حكومي ḥukūmī of government, governmental; official, state-owned, state-controlled of the state, state- (in compounds)

احكم aḥkam2 wiser

محكمة maḥkama pl. محاكم maḥākim2 court, tribunal | محكمة الاستئناف m. al-isti’nāf court of appeal, appellate court; محكمة اهلية (ahlīya) indigenous court (Eg.; jurisdiction limited to Egyptian nationals), محكمة ابتدائية (ibtidā’īya) court of first instance, محكمة ابتدائية كلية (kullīya) civil court with jurisdiction in cases of major importance, at the same time appellate instance of محاكم جزئية (Eg.); محكمة جزئية (juz’īya) in Eg., lowest court of both محاكم اهلية (approx.: district courts) and of محاكم شرعية canonical courts (with jurisdiction in marital and family matters); summary court; محكمة الجنايات m. al-jinīyāt criminal court; محاكم الأحوال الشخصية (šaḳṣīya) courts dealing with vital statistics; محكمة مختلطة (muḳtaliṭa) mixed court (with jurisdiction over residents of foreign nationality); محكمة شرعية (šar’īya) canonical court (administering justice on the basis of the Sharia), court dealing with family matters of Muslims; محكمة مركزية (markazīya) county court, dealing with minor offenses, esp. misdemeanors (Eg.); محكمة القضاء الاداري m. al-qaḍā’ al-idārī administrative court; محكمة النقض والابرام m. an-naqḍ wa-l-ibrām Court of Cassation, the highest court of appeal in Egypt; محكمة التمييز Court of Cassation (Syr., Leb. = محكمة النقض والابرام in Eg.); ساحة المحاكم tribunals

تحكيم taḥkīm appointment of an arbitrator; arbitration; arbitral decision, award; pl. تحكيمات fortifications | تحكيم الحال starting from the present state of a court’s findings (Isl. Law); هيئة التحكيم hai’at at-t. board of arbitration; jury, committee of judges, committee of umpires (in sports), committee of referees (in mil. maneuvers); لجنة تحكيمية (lajna) do.

محاكمة muḥākama judicial proceeding; trial, hearing (in court); legal prosecution

احكام iḥkām perfection; accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision; exact performance, precise execution | بالاحكام accurately, exactly, precisely; بالغ في الاحكام of highest perfection

تحكم taḥakkum arbitrariness, arbitrary powers or action; despotism; domination, dominion, rule, sway, power; control (في of, over)

تحكمي taḥakkumī arbitrary; despotic

استحكام istiḥkām intensification, increase, strengthening; consolidation, stabilization; fortification; pl. استحكامات fortifications

حاكم ḥākim ruling, governing; decisive; --(pl. -ūn, حكام ḥukkām) ruIer, sovereign; governor; judge | حاكم (bi-amrihī) autocratic; autocrat, dictator; حاكم عام (‘āmm) governor general; حاكم المباراة al-mubārāh umpire, referee (athlet.); حاكم الصلح ḥ. aṣ-ṣulḥ (Syr.) justice of the peace; حاكم الناحية ḥ. an-nāḥiya (Tun.) district magistrate

حاكمية ḥākimīya domination, dominion, rule, sovereignty; judgeship, judicature, jurisdiction (ir.)

محكوم عليه maḥkūm ‘alaih sentenced (ب to) | محكوم عليهم بالاعدام (i‘dām) those sentenced to death; محكوم عليه بالفشل (fašal) doomed to fail

محكم muḥakkam pl. -ūn arbitrator, arbiter; umpire, referee (في in, over)

محكم muḥkam strengthened, reinforced; firm, solid, sturdy; tight, taut; perfect, masterly, masterful; well-aimed (blow, hit); accurate, precise, exact | محكم التدبير well-planned, well-contrived

مستحكم mustaḥkam reinforced, fortified; strengthened, consolidated, strong; inveterate, deep-seated, deep-rooted, ingrained (custom, trait, etc.); pl. مستحكمات defenses, fortifications

حكمدار , حكمدارية see حكم

حكى ḥakā i (حكاية ḥikāya) to tell, relate (هـ s.th.), report, give an account (هـ of); to speak, talk (syr., leb.); to imitate, copy (هـ s.th.); to resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) III to imitate, copy (هـ s.th.), assimilate o.s. (هـ to); to be similar (هـ to), be like s.th. (هـ ), resemble (هـ s.th.), be attuned, adjusted, adapted (هـ to), be in harmony (هـ with) حكاية ḥikāya pl. -āt story, tale, narrative, accountj (gram.) literal quotation (of the words of others)

محاكاة muḥākāh imitation; similarity, resemblance; harmony

حاك ḥākin narrator, storyteller; phonograph; O loudspeaker, radio

محكي maḥkīy imitated, imitation (adj.)

حكيمباشي see حكم

1 حل ḥalla u (ḥall) to untie (هـ a knot), unbind, unfasten, unravel, undo (هـ s.th.); to solve (هـ a problem, a puzzle); to decipher, decode (هـ s.th.): to dissolve in water (هـ s.th.; chem.); to resolve (هـ s.th. into its components), analyze (هـ s.th.); to melt (هـ s.th.); to decompose, disintegrate (هـ s.th.); to disband, break up, dissolve (هـ an organization or party, parliament); to open, unpack (هـ a package, and the like); to loosen, relax (هـ s.th.); to release, set free, let go (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to clear, exonerate, exculpate (من ه s.o. from), absolve (ه s.o., من from his sins; Ch,.); pass. ḥulla to be free; to be relaxed; -- i u (حلول ḥulūl) to dismount, alight, stop, halt; to settle down, stay (ب at a place, also في and هـ; على with s.o., at s.o.’s house), come (for a visit, على to); to take up residence (هـ in a place or country); to descend, come down; to descend (على upon s.o.; wrath); to overcome, overwhelm (على s.o.; sleep); to befall (ب and على s.o.; punishment, suffering), occur, happen (ب to s.o.); to become incarnate (في in s.o.; God); to set in, arrive, begin (time, season); -- i to pass into solution, dissolve: to fade (color); -- i (ḥill) to be allowed, permitted, permissible, lawful; to be due, payable (debt) |حل في منصب (manṣib) to take over or hold an office; حل محله (maḥallahū) to be in the right place; حل محل فلان, حل محل الشيء (maḥalla) to take the place of s.o. or s.th., replace, supersede s.o. or s.th., substitute for s.o. or s.th.; حلت في قلبه محلا (qalbihī) she held a place in his heart; حل محل التقدير لديه (maḥalla t-taqdīri ladaihi) to enjoy s.o.’s. high esteem; حل من نفوس القراء محل (min nufūsi l-qurrā’i maḥalla l-istiḥsān) to appeal to the readers, meet with the readers' approval II to dissolve, resolve (into its component parts), break up, decompose, analyze (هـ s.th.): to make a chemical analysis (هـ of s.th.): to be dissolvent, act as a solvent (هـ on; med.): to discharge, absolve, clear, exonerate, exculpate (ه s.o.); (تحلة taḥilla) to expiate an oath: to make permissible or lawful, legitimate, sanction, justify, warrant (هـ s.th.); to declare permissible or lawful, allow, permit (هـ s.th.) IV to discharge, release, absolve, disengage (من ه s.o. from); to declare (هـ s.th.) lawful, legally permissible, permit, allow (هـ s.th.); to cause to set in or occur, bring about, produce, cause to take root, establish, stabilize (هـ s.th.): to cause (هـ s.th.) to take or occupy the place (هـ of), shift, move, translocate (هـ هـ s.th., e.g., a tribe, to a place); to settle (بين هـ s.th. among) |احله محل (maḥallahū) to cause s.o. or s.th. to take the place of s.o. or s.th. else, replace s.o. or s.th. by, substitute s.o. or s.th. for, take s.o. or s.th. as substitute for; أحل الشيء محل العناية (maḥalla l-‘ināya) to pay attention to s.th., make s.th. one’s concern V to dissolve, melt, disintegrate; to disengage o.s., disassociate o.s., extricate o.s., free o.s. (من from) VII to be untied (knot); to be solved, be unraveled (problem); to be dissolved, be broken up, be disbanded (also, of an organization, a party, etc.); to dissolve, melt; to become .lock, limp, weak, loose, relaxed; to disintegrate; to melt away VIII to settle down (هـ at a place); to occupy (mil., هـ a territory); to assume, take over, occupy, hold, have (هـ a place, a rank, an office) |احتل المكان الأول (al-makāna l-awwala) to occupy the foremost place; احتل أعماله (a‘mālahū) to take over s.o.’s functions X to regard (هـ s.th.) as permissible or lawful, think that one may do s.th. (هـ ); to regard as fair game, as easy prey, seize unlawfully, misappropriate, usurp (هـ s.th.)

حل ḥall pl. حلول ḥulūl untying, unfastening, undoing (of a knot); solution (of a problem, of a puzzle, etc.); unriddling, unraveling, explanation; solution (chem.); dissolution, disbandment, breaking up (of all organization, etc.), abolition, cancellation, annulment; release, freeing, liberation; decontrol, release, unblocking (e.g., of a blocked sum); discharge. clearing, exoneration, exculpation; absolution (Chr.) |قابل للحل soluble, solvable; O الحل الطيفي (ṭaifī) spectral analysis; اهل الحل والعقد ahl al-ḥ. wa-l-‘aqd or اهل الحل والربط (rabṭ) influential people, those in power; في حله وترحاله (tarḥālihī) in all his doings, in everything he did

حل ḥill: (عن) كان في حل من (ḥillin) he was free to …, he was at liberty to ...; he had free disposal of ...; انت في حل من you’re free to ..., you may readily ...

حلة ḥalla pl. حلل ḥilal low copper vessel; cooking pot (eg.)

حلة ḥilla way station, stopping place, stop, stopover; encampment; absolution (Chr.); dispensation (Chr.)

حلة ḥulla pl. حلل ḥulal clothing, dress, garb; vestments (ecclesiastic; Chr.); (complete) suit of clothes; (Western) suit |حلة رسمية (rasmīya) uniform; حلة السهرة ḥ. as-suhra formal dress

حلال ḥalāl that which is allowed, permitted or permissible; allowed, permitted, permissible, allowable, admissible, lawful, legal, licit, legitimate; lawful possession |ابن حلال ibn ḥ. legitimate son; respectable man, decent fellow

حلول ḥulūl stopping, putting up, staying; descending, coming on, befalling, overtaking; incarnation; setting in, advent, arrival (of a time, of a deadline), beginning, dawn; substitution (for s.o.)

حليل ḥalīl pl. احلاء aḥillā’2 husband

حليلة ḥalīla pl. حلائل ḥalā’il2 iI' wife

احليل iḥlīl outer opening of the urethra; urethra (anat.)

محل maḥall pl. -āt, محال maḥāll2 place, location, spot, site, locale, locality, center; (place of) residence; business; business house, firm, commercial house; store, shop; object, cause (e.g., of dispute, admiration, etc.); gear (automobile) |حل محله and احله محله see حل I and IV; محله (maḥallahū) in his (its) place; في محله in his (its) place, in his (its) stead, instead of him; كان في محله to be in the right place; to be appropriate, expedient, advisable; to be justified, warranted; في غير محله improper, misplaced, unsuitable, ill-suited; out of place; inappropriate, inexpedient, inopportune; صادف محله ṣādafa maḥallahū to be convenient, be most opportune; لا محل له (maḥalla) there is no room for ; it is out of place, quite déplacé; محل العمل m. al-‘amal place of employment; محل الاقامة m. al-iqāma (place of) residence, address; محل نجاري (tijārī) business house, commercial house; المحلات العمومية (‘umūmīya, tijārīya) public utilities and commercial houses; اسم المحل ism al-m. firm; محل رهونات m. ruhūnāt pawnshop; محلات السياحة m. as-siyāḥfa travel agencies; محل مرطبات m. muraṭṭibāt refreshment parlor; محل اللهو m. al-lahw and محل الملاهي m. al-malāhī (pl. محال ) amusement center; محل نزاع m. nizā‘ object of controversy, controversial matter; لا ارى محلا لعجب lā arā m. li-‘ajabin I don’t see any reason for amazement, there is nothing to be astonished about; محل m. naẓar s.th. deserving attention, a striking, remarkable thing

محلي maḥallī local; native, indigenous; parochial; pl. محليات local news, local page (of a newspaper)

محل maḥill due date; date of delivery

محلة maḥalla pl. -āt way station, stopping place, stop, stopover, encampment; camp; section, part, quarter (of a city) |المحلة الكبرى (kubrā) Mahalla el Kubra (city in N Egypt)

تحليل taḥlīl dissolution, resolution, breaking up, decomposition, specification, detailing, analyzation; (pl. تحاليل taḥālīl2) analysis (chem.); absolution (Chr.) |بالتحليل in detail; معمل تحليل ma‘mal t. laboratory for chemical analyses; تحليل كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electrolysis; التحليل النفسي (النفساني ) (nafsī) psychoanalysis

تحليلي taḥlīlī analytic(al)

تحلل taḥallul dissolution, breakup; separation, disengagement, disassociation

انحلال inḥilāl dissolution, breakup, decomposition; disintegration; decay, putrefaction; slackening, exhaustion, prostration, weakness, impotence

احتلال iḥtilāl occupation (mil.) |جيوش الاحتلال occupation forces

احتلالي iḥtilālī occupying, occupation (used attributively); advocate of foreign occupation

محلول maḥlūl solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; loose; untied, unfastened, unfettered, free, at large; weakened, prostrate, exhausted, languid; solution (liquid; chem.) |محلول الشعر m. aš-ša‘ar with loose, disheveled hair

محلل muḥallil analyzer

منحل munḥall solved; dissolved, resolved, broken up; disbanded; languid, prostrate, weak; permitted, allowed

جيوش محتلة juyūš muḥtalla occupation forces

2 حيلولة see حول

2 حلب ḥālaba i u (ḥalb) to milk (هـ an animal) |حلب الدهر اشطره ḥalaba d-dahra ašṭurahū he has seen good and bad days V to run, drip, trickle, ooze, seep, leak; to water. drool (mouth, with appetite) |تتحلب له الأفواه (afwāh) making the mouth water, appetizing; تحلب اللعاب في فمي (al-lu‘ābu fī famī) my mouth was watering VIII to milk (هـ an animal) X do.; to squeeze juice (هـ from)

حلب ḥalb milking

حلب ḥalab milk

حلبة ḥalba pl. ḥalabāt race track; arena; dance floor; race horses |حلبة الرقص ḥ. ar-raqṣ dance floor; انه ليس من تلك الحلبة he is not made for that, he doesn’t belong there, it is not in his line; فارس حلبة ب a master of, excelling or outstanding in

حلبة ḥulba fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum; bot.); tonic, prepared of yellowish grains, for women in childbed (eg., syr.)

حليب ḥalīb milk |لبن حليب laban ḥ. cow’s milk (eg.)

حلوب ḥalūb lactiferous |بقرة حلوب (baqara) milk cow; الماشية الحلوب (māšiya) dairy cattle

حلاب ḥallāb milker

حلابة ḥallāba milkmaid, dairymaid; dairywoman; milk cow

محلب maḥlab mahaleb (Prunus mahaleb; bot.)

حالب ḥālib ureter

مستحلب mustaḥlab emulsion|مستحلب اللوز m. al-lauz almond milk

2 حلب ḥalab2 Aleppo

حلتيت ḥiltīt, ḥaltīt asafetida (Ferula assafoetida; bot.)

حلج ḥalaja i u (ḥalj, حليج ḥalīj) to gin (هـ cotton)

حلج ḥalj ginning (of cotton)

حليج ḥalīj ginning (of cotton); ginned (cotton)

حلاجة ḥilāja cotton ginner’s work or trade

حلاج ḥallāj cotton ginner

محلج miḥlaj, محلجة miḥlaja pl. محالج maḥālij2 cotton gin

محلج maḥlaj pl. محالج maḥālij2 cotton ginnery

حلحل ḥalḥala to remove, drive away, shove away II taḥalḥala to stir from one’s place; to move, stir, budge

حلزون ḥalazūn snail; spiral

حلزونة ḥalazūna (n. un.) snail; spiral

حلزونى ḥalazūnī spiral, helical, volute, winding

حلس ḥalisa a to remain, stay permanently (ب at a place), stick (ب to a place)

حلس ḥi1s pl. احلاس aḥlās (with foll. genit.) one addicted or given to s.th., one adhering to s.th.|احلاس اللهو a. al-lahw people given to pleasure and amusement, bons vivants, playboys

حلس ḥils pl. احلاس aḥlās, حلوس ḥulūs saddle blanket

احلس aḥlas2, f. حلساء ḥulasā’2 bay, chestnut (horse)

حلف ḥalafa i (ḥalf, ḥilf) to swear (بالله by God)| حلف يمينا (yamīnan) to take an oath II to make (ه s.o.) swear; to put to oath, swear in (ه s.o.); to adjure, entreat earnestly (ه s.o.) III to enter into a confederation, into an alliance (ه with s.o.), become an ally (ه of s.o.) VI to commit one another by oath (على to do s.th.), join in alliance; to ally, makc an alliance (مع with) X to make (ه s.o.) swear, exact an oath (ه from s.o.); to adjure, entreat earllestly (ه s.o.)

حلف ḥalf, ḥilf swearing, oath| حلف اليمين taking the oath

حلف ḥilf sworn alliance, confederacy, league; federation; (pl. احلاف aḥlāf) ally| حلف عسكرى (‘aakarī) military alliancc; الحلف الاطلنطى (aṯlanṯī) the Atlantic Pact

حليف ḥaīf pl. حلفاء ḥulafā’2 confederate; ally; allied |الحلفاء the Allies (pol.)

حليفة ḥalīfa pl. -āt f. of حليف

حلوف ḥallūf pl. حلاليف ḥalālīf2 (magr., eg.) wild boar; pig, swine

حلفاء ḥulafā’ and حلفة ḥalfa (bot.) alfa, esparto

تحليف taḥlīf swearing in |لجنة التحليف lajnat at-t. the jury (in court)

محالفة muḥālafa alliance

تحالف taḥāluf state of alliance; alliance, treaty of alliance

محلف muḥallaf sworn, bound by oath; (pl. -ūn) juror (in court)

متحالف mutaḥālif interallied, allied

حلق ḥalaqa i (ḥalq) to shave (هـ the head, the face); to shave off (هـ the beard) II to circle in the air, hover; to fly, soar (bird; airplane; على and فوق ) over or above s.th.); to round, make round, circular or ring-shaped (هـ Sotho); to ring, surround, encircle (على s.o., s.th.); to clothe V to form a circle, sit in a circle; to gather in a circle (على around s.o.)

حلق ḥalq shaving, shave; (pl. حلوق ḥulūq, احلاق aḥlāq) throat, gullet, pharynx

حلقى ḥalqī guttural, pharyngeal

حلق ḥalaq rings, earrings

حلقة ḥalqa, ḥalaqa pl. حلق ḥalaq, حلقات ḥalaqāt ring (also earring, etc.); link (of a chain); circle (also of people); group of students studying under a professor, hence: lecture, course (e.g., at Al Azhar University); part of a sequence or series; ringlet; disk; decade; market| حلقة النجاة ḥ. an-najāh life buoy, life preserver; Jl- حلقة الاتصال ḥ. al-ittiṣāl and حلقة الوصل ḥ. al-waṣl connecting link (بين between; fig.); الحلقة المفقودة the missing link, the intermediate form; فى الحلقة السادسة من عمره (‘umrihī) in the sixth decade of his life, in his fifties; حلقة الاسماك fish market; حلقة القطن ḥ. al-quṯn cotton market

حلقي ḥalaqī annular, ring-shaped, circular

حلاق ḥallāq pl. -ūn barber |حلاق صحي (ṣiḥḥī), حلاق الصحة ḥ. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa barber-surgeon

حليق ḥalīq shaved, shaven, shorn

حلاقة ḥallāqa shaving, shave; barber’s trade | صابون الحلاقة ṣābūn al-ḥ. shaving soap; صالون الحلاقة barbershop; قاعة الحلاقة qā‘at al-ḥ. do.; O ماكينة حلاقة and O آلة حلاقة safety razor

محلق miḥlaq pl. محالق maḥāliq2 straight razor

تحليق taḥlīq flying, flight (of all aircraft; على and فوق over a country); take-off (of an airplane)

من حالق min ḥāliq from above

حلقوم ḥulqūm pl. حلاقم ḥalāqim2 throat, gullet |راحة الحلقوم rāḥat al-ḥ. a kind of sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios (eg.)

حلك ḥalika a (ḥalak) to be pitch-black, deep-black XII احلولك iḥlaulaka do.

حلك ḥalak intense blackness

حلكة ḥulka intense blackness

حلك ḥalik pitch-black, deep-black; gloomy, murky

حلوكة ḥulūka gloominess, darkness; blackness

حالك ḥālik pitch-black, deep-black; gloomy, murky

حلم ḥalama u to dream (ب or عن of; فى ان of being, becoming, doing, etc., in the future); to muse, reflect, meditate (ب on s.th.); to attain puberty; -- ḥaluma u to be gentle, mild-tempered VIII to attain puberty

حلم ḥulm, pl. احلام aḥlām, dream; pl. irreality, utopia

حلمي ḥulmī dream- (in compounds), of or pertaining to dreams

حلم ḥulum sexual maturity, puberty | بلغ الحلم to attain puberty

حلم ḥilm, pl. حلوم ḥulūm, احلام aḥlām gentleness, clemency, mildness; forbearance, indulgence; patience; insight, discernment, understanding, intelligence, reason | صغار الاحلام simpleminded people, simple souls

حلم ḥalam (coll.; n. un. ة ) tick; mite; nipple, teat, mammilla (of the female breast)

حلمي ḥalamī parasitic; mammillary, nipple-shaped

حليم ḥalīm, pl. حلماء ḥulamā’ 2 mild, mild-tempered, gentle; patient

حلوم ḥālūm, حالوم ḥālūm a kind of Egyptian cheese

حالم ḥālim pl. -ūn dreamer

محتلم muḥtalim sexually mature, pubescent, marriageable

(حلو and حلى ) ḥaluwa u, ḥaliya a, حلا ḥalā u (حلاوة ḥalāwa, حلوان ḥulwān) to be sweet; to be pleasant, agreeable (ل to s.o.) |حلا له الشيء he enjoyed the thing; حلا له ان it pleased him that ..., he was delighted that ...; حسبما يحلو له (ḥasabamā) at his discretion, as he pleases; -- حلى ḥalā i to adorn, grace; -- حلى ḥaliya a to be adorned (ب with) II to sweeten (II s.th., e.g., a beverage with sugar); to adorn, bedeck, embellish, attire, furnish, provide (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., ب with) V to adorn o.s., be adorned, decked out, embellished, graced, endowed, furnished, provided (ب with) X to find sweet or pleasant, like (هـ s.th.), be delighted (هـ by)

حلا ḥalan sweetness, pleasantness

حلو ḥulw sweet; pleasant, nice, charming, delightful, pretty |حلو الحديث a gifted raconteur, amusing, entertaining; الغدة الحلوة (gudda) pancreas (anat.)

حلي ḥaly pl. حلي ḥulīy piece of jewelry, trinket

حلية ḥilya pl. حلى ḥilan, ḥulan decoration, embellishment, finery; ornament

حلوى ḥalwa pl. حلاوى ḥalāwa candy, confection, confectionery, sweetmeats

حلواء fi.alwa'2 candy, confection, con·

fectionery, sweetmeats

حلويات ḥalwayāt (and eg. ḥalawīyāt) sweets (in general); sweet pastry; candies, confectionery, sweetmeats

حلاوة ḥalāwa sweetness; candies, confectionery, sweetmeats; grace, gracefulness, charm, refinement, wittiness, wit; present of money; ransom | حلاوة حمصية (ḥummuṣīya) a sweet made of roasted chick-peas; حلاوة طحينية (ṭahīnīya) a sweet made of sesame-seed meal; حلاوة لوزية (lauzīya) a sweet made of almonds

حلوان ḥulwān present of money, gratuity, tip

حلواني ḥalwānī and حلوائي ḥalwā’ī confectioner, candy dealer; pastry cook, fancy baker

ما احيلى mā uḥailā oh, how sweet is ..., ما احيلاه oh, how sweet he is!

تحلية taḥliya decoration, embellishment, ornamentation

محلى muḥallan sweetened; decorated, embellished, adorned, ornamented (ب with)

1 حم ḥam pl. احماء aḥmā’ father-in-law; pl. relatives of the wife by marriage, in-laws of the wife

حماة ḥamāh pl. حموات ḥamawāt mother-in-law; see also 1 حمى and2 حمى

2 حم ḥuma see 2 حمو

3 حم ḥamma u (ḥamm) to heat, make hot (هـ s.th.); pass. ḥumma to be feverish, have a fever |حم له ذلك (ḥumma) that was decreed to him, that is his lot, his destiny II to heat, make hot (هـ s.th.); to bathe, wash (هـ or ه s.o. or s.th.) IV to heat, make hot (هـ s.th.) X to bathe, take a bath

حمة ḥamma hot spring

حمة ḥumma blackness, swarthiness, dark coloration; fever

حمم ḥumam (n. un. ة ) charcoal; anything charred or carbonized; ashes, cinder; lava

حمى ḥumma f., pl. حميات ḥummayāt fever, fever heat |الحمى التيفودية and الحمى التيفية (tīfīya) typhoid fever, typhus fever; حمى الدق ḥ. d-diqq hectic fever; حمى الربع ḥ. r-rib‘ quartan fever; الحمى الراجعة relapsing fever; الحمى الصفراء or الحمى الصفراوية (ṣafrā’, ṣafrāwīya) yellow fever; حمى الغب ḥ. l-gibb tertian fever; الحمى الفحمية (faḥmīya) anthrax; الحمى القرمزية (qirmizīya) scarlet fever; حمى القش ḥ. l-qašš hayfever; الحمى القلاعية (qulā‘īya) foot-and-mouth disease; الحمى المخية الشوكية (mukkīya, šaukīya) cerebrospinal meningitis; الحمى المتموجة (mutamawwija) undulant fever, Malta fever, brucellosis; الحمى النفاسية (nifāsīya) puerperal fever, childbed fever; O الحمى النمشية (namašīya) spotted fever

حمي ḥummī feverish, febrile, fever- (in compounds)

حمام ḥamām (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt, حمائم ḥamā’im2 dove, pigeon |حمام الزاجل carrier pigeon; ساق الحمام bugloss, oxtongue (Anchusa officinalis; bot.)

حمام ḥimām (fate of) death

حمام ḥammām pl. -āt bath; swimming pool; spa, watering place |حمام شمس ḥ. šams sunbath; حمامات بحرية (baḥrīya) seaside resorts

حميم ḥamīm pl. احماء aḥimmā’2 close friend; close, intimate; -- hot water

احم aḥamm2, f. حماء ḥammā’2, pl. حم ḥumm black

محم miḥamm hot-water kettle, caldron, boiler

استحمام istiḥmām bathing, bath

محموم maḥmūm feverish, having a fever; frantic, hectic

1 حمأ ḥama’a a to clean out, dredge (هـ a well)

حمأ ḥama’, حمأة ḥam’a mud, mire, sludge

2 حمئ ḥami’a to be or become angry, furious, mad (على at s.o.)

حمحم ḥamḥama (حمحمة ḥamḥama) to neigh, whinny (horse)

حمحمة ḥamḥama neigh(ing), whinnying, whinnies

حمحم ḥimḥim oxtongue, bugloss (Anchusa officinalis; bot.)

حمد ḥamida a (ḥamd) to praise, commend, laud, extol (على ه s.o. for, هـ s.th.) II to praise highly (ه s.o.)

حمد ḥamd commendation, praise, laudation |الحمد لله al-ḥamdu lillāh thank God! praise be to God! praised be the Lord!

حميد ḥamīd praiseworthy, laudable, commendable; benign, harmless (disease)

حمود ḥamūd praiseworthy, laudable, commendable, praised

احمد aḥmad2 more laudable, more commendable

الشريعة الأحمدية aš-šarī‘a al-aḥmadīya Mohammedan Law

محمدة maḥmada pl. محامد maḥāmid2 commendable act; pl. محامد praises, encomiums

محمود maḥmūd praised; commendable, laudable, praiseworthy

محمد muḥammad praised; commendable, laudable

محمدي muḥammadī pertaining or attributable to Mohammed

حمدل ḥamdala to pronounce the formula الحمد لله "Praise be to God!”

حمدلة ḥamdala the formula الحمد لله (see above)

حمر II to redden, color or dye red (هـ s.th.); to roast (هـ s.th.); to fry (هـ s.th.); to brown (هـ flour in preparing a roux) IX to turn red, take on a reddish color, redden, blush

حمر ḥumar asphalt

حمري ḥumarī asphaltic, asphalt, tar, tarry

حمرة ḥumra redness, red color(ation), red; rouge (cosm.); brick dust, brick rubble; erysipelas, St. Anthony's fire (med.)

حمار ḥimār pl. حمير ḥamīr, حمر ḥumur, احمرة aḥmira donkey, ass |حمار الوحش ḥ. al-waḥš and حمار وحشي (waḥšī) wild ass, onager; سم الحمار samm al-ḥ. oleander (Nerium oleander; bot.)

حمارة ḥimāra pl. حمائر ḥamā’ir2 she-ass, female donkey

حمور ḥumūr red, red color(ation), redness

حميرة ḥumaira redstart (zool.)

حمار ḥammār pl. ة donkey driver

احمر aḥmar2, f. حمراء ḥamrā’2, pl. حمر ḥumr red, red-colored, ruddy; rosy, pink |تحت الأحمر, دون الأحمر infrared; البحر الأحمر the Red Sea; الصليب الأحمر the Red Cross; الموت الأحمر (maut) violent death; الهوى الأحمر (hawā) sexual intercourse; الأحمران (“the two red ones”, i.e.) wine and meat; الاسود والاحمر (“the black and the red”, i.e.) all mankind; احمر الشفاه lipstick

حمراء ḥamrā’2 smut, rust (disease affecting cereals); الحمراء Alhambra, the Citadel of Granada

يحمور yaḥmūr red; deer, roe, roebuck; wild ass; hemoglobin (physiol.)

احمرار iḥmirār reddening, blush(ing), redness, red coloration; erythema (med.)

محمر muḥammar roasted |بطاطس محمرة (baṭāṭis) fried potatoes

حمز ḥamaza i (ḥamz) to bite, or burn, the tongue (taste)

حمس ḥamisa a to work with zeal, be zealous, eager, ardent, be or become enthusiastic, get all worked up, get excited, be filled with fanatic enthusiasm V = I; to be overzealous or over-enthusiastic (في in s.th.); to advocate fervently (ل s.th.), throw o.s. wholeheartedly behind s.th. (ل )

حمس ḥamis and احمس aḥmas2 unflinching, staunch, steadfast, ardent, eager, zealous, stout, hearty; fiery, enthusiastic, full of enthusiasm

حماس ḥamās, and حماسة ḥamāsa enthusiasm, fire, ardor, fervor, zeal, fanaticism

حماسي ḥamāsī enthusiastic, ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; stirring, rousing, thrilling, electrifying

تحمس taḥammus unflinching zeal, enthusiasm (ل for), fanaticism

متحمس mutaḥammis enthusiastic, ardent, fiery, zealous, fanatic; an ardent follower, a fanatic adherent, a fanatic

حمش ḥamaša u to excite, irritate, infuriate, enrage (ه s.o.)

حمشة ḥamša catgut (med.)

1 حمص II to roast; to fry, broil (A s.th.)

حمص ḥimmiṣ, ḥimmmaṣ; (colloq.) ḥummuṣ (coll.; n. un. ة ) chick-pea

2 حمص Mm,' Homs (the ancient Emesa, city in oentral Syria)

حمض ḥamuḍa u (حموضة ḥumūḍa) to be or become sour II to make sour, sour, acidify, acidulate (هـ s.th.); to develop (هـ a photographic plate, a film; phot.); to cause (هـ s.th.) to oxidize

حمض ḥamaḍa pl. احماض aḥmāḍ acid (chem.) |حمض بولي (baulī) uric acid

شجر حمضي šajar ḥamḍī citrus trees

حمضية ḥamḍīya pl. -āt citrus fruit

حموضة hummūḍa sourness, acidity |مولد الحموضة muwallid al-ḥ. oxygen (chem.)

حماض ḥammāḍ, حميض ḥummaiḍ sorrel (bot.)

تحميض taḥmīḍ souring, acidification; development (phot.)

احماض iḥmāḍ jocular language, joking remark

حامض sour, acid; acidulous; (pl. حوامض ḥawāmiḍ) acid (chem.) |حامض الفحم ḥ. al-faḥm carbonic acid: حامض كبريتي (kibrītī) sulphuric acid

حمق ḥamiqa a and ḥamuqa u (ḥumq, حماقة ḥamāqa) to be stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; to become angry or furious II and IV to regard (ه s.o.) as a fool, consider (ه s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic n pretend to be stupid VII to become angry or furious X to consider (ه s.o.) dumb, stupid, idiotic

حمق ḥumq stupidity, silliness, foolishness, folly

حماقة ḥamāqa stupidity, silliness, foolishness, folly; anger, wrath حماق ḥumāq, ḥamāq smallpox, variola (med.)

حمق aḥmaq2, f. حمقاء ḥamqā’2, pl. حمق ḥum(u)q, حمقى ḥamqā, حماقى ḥamāqā dumb, stupid, silly, foolish, fatuous; fool, simpleton, imbecile

حمق ḥamqān dumb, stupid, silly, foolish; angry, furious

حمل ḥamala i (ḥaml) to carry, bear (هـ s.th.); to lift, pick up (هـ s.th. in order to carry it), load up and take along (هـ s.th.): to hold (هـ s.th., in one’s hand); to carry on or with one. take or bring along (هـ s.th.); to transport, carry, convey (هـ s.th.); to bring, take (الى or ل هـ s.th. to s.o.); to take upon o.s. (عن instead of or for s.o., هـ a burden), carry, assume (هـ the burden, عن of s.o. else), relieve (هـ عن s.o. from s.th.), take (هـ a burden, a grievance, etc.) from s.o. (عن ); to extend, show, evince, cherish, ha.rbor (هـ a feeling, ل toward s.o.); to become or be pregnant (من by s.o.): to bear fruit (tree); to induce, cause, prompt, get (على ه s.o. to do s.th.), make s.o. (ه ) do s.th. (على ); to convert, bring around, win over (على رأيه ه s.o. to one’s opinion), convince (على رأيه ه s.o. of one’s opinion); to attack (على s.o.), also حمل حملة على (ḥamlatan) to launch or make an attack on; to know by beart (هـ a book); to relate, refer (على هـ s.th. to). bring (هـ s. th.) to bear (على upon s.th.), link, correlate, bring into relation (هـ s.th., على with); to trace, trace back (على هـ s.th. to); to ascribe, attribute, impute (على هـ s.th. to s.o.); to make (هـ a word) agree grammatically (على with another) | حمل في نفسه to feel annoyed, be in a melancholy mood, feel blue; حمل على نفسه to pull o.s. together, brace o.s.; حمله على محمل (maḥmali) to take s.th. to mean …, interpret or construe s.th. in the sense of …, as if it were ...; حمله على غير محمل to misinterpret, misconstrue s.th.; حمله محمل الجد (maḥmala l-jidd) to take s.th. seriously, take s.th. at face value II to have or make (ه s.o.) carry or bear (هـ s.th.), load, burden, charge, task (هـ, ه s.o. or s.th. هـ with), impose (هـ ه on s.o. s.th.) V to hear, assume, take upon o.s. (هـ s.th., e.g., النفقات an-nafaqāt the expenses, المسؤولية al-mas’ūlīya the responsibility); to bear up (هـ under), bear, stand, sustain, endure, tolerate, stomach (هـ s.th.); to undergo, suffer (هـ s.th.); to be able to stand (ه s.o.) or put up (ه with s.o.); to set out, get on one’s way; to depart VI to maltreat, treat unjustly (على s.o.), be prejudiced, be biased, take sides (على against s.o.); to struggle to one’s feet, rise with great effort | تحامل على نفسه (nafsihi) to brace o.s.; to pull o.s. together, take heart, pluck up courage VIII to carry, bring (هـ s.th.); to carry away, take away, haul off, lug off (هـ s.th.); to suffer, undergo, bear, stand, endure, sustain (هـ s.th.); to allow, permit, suffer, tolerate, brook, stomach (هـ s.th.), acquiesce (هـ in), put up, bear (هـ with s.th.); to hold (هـ s.th.), have capacity (هـ for); to imply that s.th. (هـ ) is possible, permissible, or conceivable; يحتمل yaḥtamilu and (pass.) yuḥtamalu (it is) bearable, tolerable; (it is) conceivable, possible, probable, likely

حمل ḥaml carrying, bearing; inducement, prompting, encouragement (of s.o., على to); delivery; transport, transportation, conveyance; portage, carrying charges; -- (pl. احمال aḥmāl, حمال ḥimāl) foetus; pregnancy |عدم الحمل ‘adam al-ḥ. sterility (of a woman)

حمل ḥiml, ḥaml pl. احمال aḥmāl cargo, load, burden |حمل حي ḥaml ḥayy pay load, commercial load, live load; حمل ميت mayyit) dead load; dead weight (arch.); حمل موازن (muwāzin) counterpoise, counterweight

حمل ḥamal pl. حملان ḥumlān, احمال aḥmāl lamb; (unconsecrated) Host (Chr.Copt.); Aries, Ram (astron.)

حملة ḥamla pl. ḥamalāt attack (على on); offensive; campaign; military expedition; expeditionary force |حملة تأديبية (ta’dībīya) punitive expedition; mحملة صحافيي (ṣiḥāfīya) press campaign; حملة استكشافية (istikšāfīya) reconnaissance raid (mil.); حملة ميكانيكية motorized detachment (mil.); حملة انتخابية (intikābīya) election campaign

حملي ḥamalī pl. -īya ambulant water vendor

حميل ḥamīl foundling; guarantor, warrantor

حميلة على ḥamīla ‘alā a burden to, completely dependent upon

حمول ḥamūl long-suffering; gentle, mild-tempered

حمال ḥamnāl pl. -ūn, ة porter, carrier

حمالة ḥimāla work and trade of a porter or carrier

حمالة ḥammāla (carrier) beam, girder, support, base, post, pier, pillar; suspenders |حمالة الصدر (ṣadr) brassiere

حمولة ḥumūla pl. -āt load capacity, load limit, capacity; tonnage (of a vessel); portage, freightage, transport charges; (pl. حمائل ḥamā’il2) family (Ir.)

محمل maḥmal see حمل ḥamala; also أخذ شيئا على محمل الجد (m. il-jidd) to take s.th. seriously

محمل maḥmil (colloq. maḥmal) pl. محامل maḥāmil2 camel-borne litter; mahmal, a richly decorated litter sent by Islamic rulers to Mecca as an emblem of their independence, at the time of the hadj

تحميل taḥmīl burdening; encumbrance; imposition; loading, shipping, shipment

تحميلة taḥmīla pl. تحامل taḥāmil2 suppository (med.)

تحمل taḥammul taking over, assumption (of burdens); bearing, standing, sufferance, endurance; durability; strength,hardiness, sturdiness, solidity (of a material)

تحامل taḥāmul prejudice, bias, partiality; intolerance

احتمال iḥtimāl bearing, standing, suffering, sufferance, toleration; probability, likelihood, potentiality |صعب الاحتمال (ṣa‘b) hard to bear, oppressive

حامل ḥāmil pl. حملة ḥamala porter, carrier; bearer (of a note, of a check, etc.; of an order or decoration); holder (of an identification paper, of a diploma, of a certificate); holding device, holder, clamp, fastener, hold, support (tech.); fighter (على against), (pl. حوامل ḥawāmil2) pregnant |حامل البريد courier, حملة الأسهم ḥ. al-ashum shareholders; حملة الأقلام the publicists, the writers; حامل كلام الله ḥ. kalām allāh one who knows the Koran by heart; تيار حامل (tayyār) carrier current (el.), موجات حاملة (maujāt) carrier waves (el.)

حاملة ḥāmila pl. -āt device for carrying, carrier | حاملة خريطة map case; حاملة طائرات ḥ. ṭā’irāt aircraft carrier

محمول maḥmūl carried, borne, bearable, tolerable; load weight, service weight, cargo; tonnage (of a vessel); predicate, attribute (logic), محمول عليه subject (logic) |مشاة محمولة (mušāh) motorized infantry (mil.); جنود محمولون جوا airborne troops (mil.)

محمل muḥammal loaded, laden, heavily charged, burdened (ب with), encumbered (ب by)

محتمل muḥtamal bearable, tolerable; probable, likely

حملق ḥamlaqa (حملقة ḥamlaqa) to stare, gaze (في or ب at)

حملايا ḥimalāyā Himalaya

1 حمو ḥamū (construct state of حم ḥam) and حماة ḥamāh see 1 حم

2 حمو ) and حمى) حمي ḥamiya a to be or become hot; to glow (metal); to flare up; to fly into a rage, become furious (على at) | حمى الوطيس fierce fighting broke out II to make hot, heat (هـ s.th.), to heat to glowing (هـ metal); to fire up (هـ a stove); to kindle, inflame, stir up, excite (هـ s.th.); to bathe (= 3 حم II) IV to make hot, heat (هـ s.th.)

حمو ḥamw heat |حمو النيل ḥ. an-nīl prickly heat, heat rash, lichen tropicus (eg.)

حمو ḥumūw heat

حمة ḥuma pl. -āt, حمى ḥuman sting, stinger (of insects); prick, spine (of plants)

حمي ḥamīy hot, glowing; heated, exited

حمى ḥummā see 3 حم

حمية ḥamīya zeal, ardor, fervor; enthusiasm, ardent zeal, fanaticism; violence, vehemence; passion, rage, fury; heat of excitement; temper, temperament | الحمية القومية (qaumīya) chauvinism

حميا ḥumayyā heat; excitement, agitation; enthusiasm; fire, passion, impetuosity, vehemence; fury, rage; wine

حماوة ḥamāwa heat

محمى maḥman fire chamber, furnace (of a stove, oven, etc.)

حام ḥāmin hot; heated, violent, fierce (e.g., a battle); glowing, passionate, fiery; burning

1 حمى ḥamā i (ḥamy, حماية ḥimāya) to defend, guard (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., من against), protect, shelter, shield (من هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to deny (المريض the patient) harmful food (هـ ; = to put him on diet); to forbid (ان ه s.o. to do s.th.) III to defend (من s.o. or s.th., also, of a lawyer in court); to shield, protect, support (عن s.o. or s.th.), take up the cause of (عن ), stand up for (عن ) VI to keep away (هـ from), shun, avoid (هـ s.th.) VIII to protect o.s. (ه, هـ from s.th., from s.o.), defend o.s., cover o.s. (ب with s.th.), seek protection, seek shelter or refuge (ب with s.o., also عند; من from)

حمى ḥiman protection; defense; sanctuary

حمية ḥimya that which is defended; diet

حماية ḥimāya pl. -āt protection, patronage, sponsorship, auspices; protectorate (pol.)

محاماة muḥāmāh defense (jur.); legal profession, practicing of law | هيأة المحاماة ḥai’at al-m. the bar

احتماء iḥtimā’ seeking cover, seeking protection; cover, shelter, protection

حام ḥāmin pl. حماة ḥumāh protector, defender, guardian; patron | الدولة الحامية (daula) protecting power (of a protectorate)

حامية ḥāmiya pl. -āt patroness, protectress; garrison (mil.)

محمي maḥmīy protected (ب by); being under a protectorate, having the status of a protectorate |منطقة محمية (minṭaqa) protectorate (country)

محمية maḥmīya pl. -āt protectorate (country; pol.)

محام muḥāmin pl. محاميون muḥāmūn defense counsel, counselor-at-law, lawyer, barrister, attorney (at law), advocate

محامية muḥāmiya woman lawyer

محتم muḥtamin one who seeks protection; protégé; being under a protectorate, having the status of a protectorate

2 حماة, حماه ḥamāh Hama (city in W Syria)

حن ḥanna i (حنين ḥanīn) to long, yearn, hanker (الى for), crave (الى s.th.); -- (حنة ḥanna, حنان ḥanān) to feel tenderness, affection, sympathy (على for s.o.); to sympathize, commiserate (على with), feel compassion (على for); to pity (على s.o.), have mercy (على on) II to move, touch, fill with tenderness, soften, fill with compassion (قلبه qalbahū s.o.’s heart); to blossom, flower, be in bloom (tree) V to feel sympathy, feel pity, feel compassion (على for s.o.), commiserate (على with s.o.); to be tender, affectionate

حنة ḥanna sympathy; commiseration, compassion, pity; favorable aspect, advantage

حنان ḥanān sympathy, love, affection, tenderness; commiseration, compassion, pity; حنانيك ḥanānaika have pity! have mercy!

حنانة ḥanāna compassion, pity, commiseration

حنين ḥanīn longing, yearning, hankering, nostalgia, craving, desire

حنون ḥanūn affectionate, loving, soft-hearted, tenderhearted, compassionate, merciful; tender, soft, gentle, kind, moving, touching (voice)

حنان ḥannān affectionate, loving, tender; compassionate, sympathetic

تحنان tiḥnān attachment, devotion, loyalty

تحنن taḥannun tenderness, affection, sympathy

حنأ II to dye red (هـ s.th., with henna)

حناء ḥinnā’ henna (a reddish-orange cosmetic gained from leaves and stalks of the henna plant) |ابو الحناء abū l-ḥ. robin (redbreast); تمر الحناء (colloq. tamr el-ḥinna) henna plant (Lawsonia inermis; bot.)

حانبة look up alphabetically

حنبلي ḥanbalī Hanbalitic, of or pertaining to the madhab of Aḥmad ibn ḥanbal; puritanical, strict in religious matters; (pl. حنابلة ḥanābila) Hanbalite

حانوت , حانوتي see حنو

حنث ḥanita a (ḥint) with في يمينه or بيمينه : to break one’s oath V to practice piety, perform works of devotion; to seek religious purification; to scorn sin, not yield to sin

حنث ḥint pl. احناث aḥnāt perjury; sin

حنجرة ḥanjara pl. حناجر ḥanājir2 larynx, throat

حنجور ḥunjūr pl. حناجير ḥanājīr 2 larynx, throat

حنجل ḥanjala to prance (horse); to caper, gambol II taḥanjala to dance, caper, gambol, frisk

حندس ḥindis pl. حنادس ḥanādis2 dark night

حندقوق ḥandaqūq (bot.) melilot, (yellow) sweet clover (Melilotus)

حنش ḥanaš pl. احناش aḥnāš snake

حنط II to embalm (ه a corpse); to stuff (هـ a carcass)

حنطة ḥinṭa wheat

حناطة ḥināṭa embalming

تحنط taḥannuṭ mummification

محنط muḥannaṭ mummified

عربة الحنطور ‘arabat al-ḥanṭūr, victoria, light carriage. designed for two passengers

حنظل ḥanẓal (coll.; n. un. ة ) colocynth (Citrullue colocynthis; bot.)

حنف ḥanafa i to turn or bend sideways

حنيف ḥanīf pl. حنفاء ḥunafā’2 true believer, orthodox; one who scorns the false creeds surrounding him and professes the true religion; true (religion) |الدين الحنيف (din) the True (i.e., Islamic) Religion, also الحنيفة السمحاء (samḥā’)

حنفي ḥanafī pagan, heathen, idolater (Chr.); Hanafitic (see حنيفة ); (pl. -ūn) Hanafi

حنفية ḥanafīya paganism, heathendom (Chr.); Hanafitic madhab (an orthodox school of theology founded by Abu Hanifah); -- (pl. -āt) faucet, tap; hydrant

الحنيفية al-ḥanīfīya the True (i.e., Islamic) Religion

احنف aḥnaf2 afflicted with a distortion of the foot

حنق ḥaniqa a (ḥanaq) to be furious, mad, angry; to be annoyed, exasperated, peeved, irritated (على or من at, by), be resentful (على or من of) IV to infuriate, enrage, embitter, exasperate, irritate (ه s.o.)

حنق ḥanaq fury, rage, ire, wrath, anger, exasperation, resentment, rancor

حنق ḥaniq furious, mad, angry; resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed, exasperated, peeved

حانق ḥāniq furious, mad, angry; resentful, bitter, embittered, annoyed, exasperated, peeved |حانق على الحياة (ḥayāh) weary of life, dispirited, dejected; حانق على النساء (nisā’) misogynist

محنق muḥannaq infuriated, enraged; embittered, bitter, angry, exasperated, resentful

حنك ḥanaka i u, II and IV to sophisticate, make experienced or worldly-wise through severe trials (said of fate, time, age)

حنك ḥanak pl. احناك aḥnāk palate

حنكي ḥanakī palatal

حنك ḥunk, ḥink and حنكة ḥunka worldly experience, worldly wisdom gained through experience, sophistication

محنك muḥannak experienced, worldly wise, sophisticated |محنك مبنك (mubannak) shrewd, smart, sharp

(حنو and حنى) حنا ḥanā u and حنى ḥanā i to bend, curve, twist, turn; to lean, incline (على or الى toward s.o.); to feel for s.o. (على ), sympathize (على with s.o.), commiserate, pity (على s.o.), feel compassion, feel pity (على for s.o.); to bend, bow, flex, curve, crook (هـ s.th.) IV to bend, bow, tilt, incline (هـ s.th.; e.g., رأسه ra’sahū one’s head); to sympathize (على with s.o.), feel compassion, feel pity (على for s.o.), commiserate, pity (على s.o.) VII to bend, curve, twist, turn; to be winding, be tortuous, wind, meander (e.g., a road); to turn, deviate, digress (عن from); to bow (ل to s.o.); to lean, incline (على or فوق ; over s.th., الى toward s.o., toward s.th.); to devote o.s. eagerly (على to s.th.); to contain, harbor (على s.th.) |ان ضلوعي لا تنحني على ضغن (ḍulū‘ī, ḍign) I harbor no grudge, I feel no resentment

حنو ḥanw bending, deflection, flexing, flexure, curving, curvature, twisting, turning

حنو ḥinw pl. احناء aḥnā’ bend, bow, turn, twist, curved line, curve, contour; pl. ribs |بين احنائها in her bosom

حنو ḥunuw sympathy, compassion, tenderness, affection

حني ḥanīy bending, deflection, flexing, flexure, curving, ourvature, twisting, turning

حنية ḥanya bend, turn, curve

حنية ḥanīya pl. حنايا ḥanāyā arc; camber, curvature |في حنايا صدره in his bosom; في حنايا نفسه in his heart, deep inside him

حناية ḥināya curving, curvature, twisting, turning, bending

حانوت see below

محنى maḥnan pl. محان maḥānin curvature, bend, flexure, bow, turn, curve

انحناء inḥinā’ bend, deflection, curvature; curve; arc; inclination, tilt; how, curtsy

انحناءة inḥinā’a (n. vic.) bow, curtsy

الحواني al-ḥawānī the longest ribs; (fig.) breast, bosom |بملء حوانيهم bi-mil’i ḥ. (they shouted) at the top of their lungs, with all their might

محنى maḥnīy bowed, inclined (head); bent, curved, crooked

منحن munḥanin bent, curved, crooked, twisted; inclined, bowed

منحنى munḥanan pl. منحنيات munḥanayāt bend, flexure, deflection, curvature; turn, twist, break, angle; curve (of a road, end math.); slope

حانوت ḥānūt pl. حوانيت ḥawānīt2 store, shop; wineshop, tavern

حانوتي ḥānūtī pl. -īya (eg.) corpse washer; undertaker, mortician, gravedigger

حواء ḥawwā’2 Eve

حوب V to abstain from sin; to lead ش pious life; to refrain, abstain (من from s.th.)

حوبة ḥauba sin, offense, misdeed, outrage

حوباء ḥaubā’2 soul

حوت pl. حيتان ḥītān, احوات aḥwāt fish; whale; Pisces, Fishes (astron.) |حوت سليمان ḥ. sulaimān salmon

حوج IV aḥwaja to have need, stand in need, be in went (الى of s.th.), need, require, went (الى s.th.); to put (ه s.o.) in need of (الى ), make necessary (الى ه for s.o. s.th.), require (الى ه of s.o. s.th.), compel, oblige (الى ه s.o. to); to impoverish, reduce to poverty (ه s.o.) | ما احوجه الى (aḥwajahū) how much he .tends in need of ...! how urgently he needs ...! VIII to have need, stand in need, be in went (الى of; also ل ), need, want, require (الى s.th. s.o.)

حوج ḥauj need, want, lack, deficiency, destitution

حاجة ḥāja pl. -āt need (الى or ب of); necessity, requirement, prerequisite; natural, bodily need; pressing need, neediness, poverty, indigence, destitution; object of need or desire; desire, wish, request; necessary article, requisite; matter, concern, business, job, work; thing, object; -- pl. حوائج ḥawā’ij2 needs necessities, necessaries; everyday objects, effects, belongings, possessions, stuff; clothes, clothing |كان في حاجة الى (ل ) to stand in need, be in want of (s.th.), need, require (s.th.); لا حاجة الى (ل ) (ḥājata) … is not necessary, not required, there is no need of ...; لا حاجة لي به I don’t need it; عند الحاجة if (or when) necessary, if need be, in case of need; في غير حاجة (gairi ḥājatin) unnecessarily; ما به الحاجة the essentials; محل الحاجة maḥall al-ḥ. the essential passage, the gist, the substance, the crux, the interesting part (of an exposition); سد حاجته sadda ḥājatahū to meet s.o.’s needs, provide for s.o.’s needs; قضى حاجته qaḍā ḥājatahū to fulfill s.o.’s wish; قضى الحاجة to relieve nature

حاجيات ḥājīyyāt everyday commodities, utensils, utilities, necessaries, necessities

احوج in greater need (الى of s.th.); more necessary

احتياج iḥtiyāj want, need, requirement, (pre)requisite, necessity; pl. -āt needs, necessities, necessaries

محاويج maḥāwīj2 (pl. of محوج muḥwij) needy, poor, destitute people

محتاج muḥtāj in need, in want (الى of s.th.), requiring (الى s.th.); poor, destitute, indigent

حوجلة ḥaujala pl. حواجل ḥawājil2 phial (chem.)

حاد (حود ) ḥāda u (ḥaud) to turn aside, turn away (عن from), turn (عن off) II to turn off, take a turning

حودة (ḥauda) turn, turning

حاذ (حوذ ) ḥāda u (ḥaud) to urge on, spur on (هـ animals) IV do. X استحوذ istaḥwada to overwhelm, overcome, overpower (على s.o.; esp. emotions), get the better of (على ), gain mastery (على over); to seize (على on), take possession (على of), usurp (على s.th.)

حوذي ḥūdī coachman, cabman, driver

حوذية ḥūdīya coachman’s work or trade

حار (حور ) ḥāra u to return (الى to); to recede, decrease, diminish, be reduced (الى to) II to change, alter, amend, transform, reorganize, remodel, modify (هـ or من s.th.); to roll out (هـ dough); to make white, whiten (هـ s.th.); to bleach (هـ a fabric) III to talk, convene, have a conversation (ه with s.o.); to discuss, debate, argue IV (with جوابا jawāban) to answer, reply (with negations only) V to be altered, changed, amended, transformed, reorganized, remodeled, modified VI to carry on & discussion

حور ḥawar white poplar (also pronounced ḥaur); bark-tanned sheepskin, basil; marked contrast between the white of the cornea and the black of the iris

حارة hāra pl. -āt quarter, part, section (of & city); (Tun.) ghetto; lane, alley, side street (with occasional pl. حواري ḥawārī |حارة السد ḥ. as-sadd blind alley, dead-end street

احوار aḥwār2, f. حوراء ḥaurā’2, pl. حور ḥūr having eyes with a marked contrast of white and black, (also, said of the eye:) intensely white and deep-black

حوارة ḥawāra (ḥawarāt) cretaceous rook; chalk

حواري ḥawārī pl. -ūn disciple, apostle (of Jesus Christ); disciple, follower

حوارى ḥawārā cretaceous rock; chalk

حورية ḥūrīya pl. -āt, حور ḥūr houri, virgin of paradise; nymph; (pl. -āt) young locust |حورية الماء water nymph, nixie

حوران ḥaurān2 the Hauran, a mountainous plateau in SW Syria and N Jordan

محور miḥwar pl. محاور maḥāwir2 rolling pin; pivot, core, heart, center; axis; axle, axletree

محار maḥār (coll.; n. un. ة ) oysters; shellfish, mussels; mother-of-pearl, nacre

محارة maḥāra (n. un.) oyster; oyster shell, mussel; trowel

تحوير taḥwīr alteration, change, transformation, reorganization, reshuffle, remodeling, modification

حوار ḥiwār talk, conversation, dialogue; argument, dispute; text (of a play); script, scenario (of a motion picture)

محاورة muḥāwara talk, conversation, dialogue; argument, dispute

تحاور taḥāwur discussion

(حوز and حيز) حاز ḥāza u (ḥauz, حيازة ḥiyāza) to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); to gain, win, get, receive, obtain, achieve, attain (هـ s.th., e.g., success, victory, etc.); to gain pos....ion. gain control (هـ of s.th.), seize, monopolize (هـ s.th.); -- ḥāza i (حيز ḥaiz) to drive on, urge on (هـ camels) V taḥawwaza and taḥayyaza to writhe, twist, coil; -- taḥayyaza to stay away, keep away, seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (عن from); to be disposed, incline, tend, lean (الى toward); to join (الى s.o. or s.th.); to side (ل, الى with), take sides (ل, الى in favor of) VII to isolate o.s., seclude o.s. separate, segregate,· disengage o.s., dissociate o.s., stay away, keep away, retire, withdraw (عن or من from); to join (الى S.o. or s.th.); to unite (الى with); to side (الى or ل with), take sides (الى or J in favor of) VIII to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); to take possession (هـ of s.th.); to keep, prevent, hinder (عن ه s.o. from)

حوز ḥauz possession, holding, tenure; obtainment, attainment, acquisition; taking possession, occupation, occupancy; (jur.) tenancy; -- (pl. احواز aḥwāz) enclosed area, enclosure; precinct(s), boundary, city limits

حوزي ḥauzī possessor, tenurial

حوزة ḥauza possession, holding, tenure; property; area, territory |في حوزه or في حوزة يده fī ḥ. yadihī in his possession; الدفاع عن حوزة مصر the defense of Egyptian territory

حيز ḥayyiz, ḥaiz pl. احياز aḥyāz scope, range, reach, extent, compass, confines, field, domain, realm; sphere |لا يدخل في حيز المعقول (yadkul) it is not within the bounds of reason; برز الى حيز المعقول (to advance to the realm of fact, i.e.) to become a reality; في حيز الامكان fī ḥ. il-imkān within the realm of possibility, quite possible

حيازة ḥiyāza possession, holding, tenure; taking possession, occupation, occupancy; acquisition of title, acquisition of the right of possession; obtainment, attainment, acquisition

تحيز taḥayyuz partiality; prejudice, bias

انحياز inḥiyāz isolation, seclusion, retirement; partiality; prejudice, bias

حائز ḥā’iz possessor, holder, tenant

متحيز mutaḥayyiz partial, prejudiced, biased

منحاز munḥāz secluded, retired, withdrawn, removed (عن from); an outsider, a stranger (عن to)

حوس VIII (eg.) to be in a quandary, waver, hesitate

1 حاش (حوش ) ḥāša u (ḥauš) to round up, drive into a trap (هـ game); to stop, check, prevent, hinder (هـ s.th.), stand in the way (هـ of); to hold back, stem, stave off (هـ s.th.) II to gather, collect, amass, accumulate, pile up, hoard (هـ s.th.); to save, put by (هـ money); to find (هـ s.th.)

حوش ḥauš p1. احواش aḥwāš, حيشان ḥīšān enclosure, enclosed area; courtyard

حوش ḥawaš mob, rabble, riffraff

حوشي ḥūšī wild; unusual, odd, queer, strange

اسبوع الحاش usbū‘ al-ḥāš Passion Week (Chr.)

2 حاشا , حاشى see حشو, حاش لله ḥāša lillāh = حاشى لله

حوص ḥawaṣ squinting of the eye (caused by constant exposure to glaring light)

احوص aḥwaṣ2 f. حوصاء ḥauṣā’2, pl. حوص ḥūṣ having narrow, squinting eyes

حياصة ḥiyāṣa girth

حوصل ḥauṣa, حوصلة ḥauṣala craw (of a bird); bladder; pelican | الحوصلة المرارية (marārīya) gall bladder, bile (anat.)

حويصل ḥuwaisil blister, bleb, vesicle; water blister

حويصلة ḥuwaisila pl. -āt blister, bleb, vesicle

حوض ḥauḍ pl. احواض aḥwāḍ, حياض ḥiyāḍ basin; water basin; trough, tank, cistern, reservoir, container; basin of a river or sea; pool; (in the Egyptian irrigation system) a patch of land surrounded by dikes, flooded by high water of the Nile; pond; pelvis (anat.); (garden) bed; dock; pl. حياض (ḥiyāḍ) ground, area, domain (to be protected), sanctum | حوض جاف (jāff) dry dock; حوض حمام ḥammām bathtub; حوض عوام (‘awwām) floating dock; ذاد عن حياضه to assume the defense of s.o., make o.s. the champion of s.o.; to defend o.s.; ذب حن حياض الدين (dabba) to defend the faith; احواض الفم والحديد coal and iron deposits

O حويضة ḥuwaiḍa renal pelvis (anat.)

حاط (حوط ) ḥāṭa u (ḥauṭ, حيطة ḥaiṭa, حياطة ḥiyāṭa) to guard, protect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), watch (هـ, ه over s.o., over s.th.), have the custody (هـ, ه of); to attend (هـ to), take care (هـ of), look after s.th. (هـ ); to surround, encircle, enclose, encompass (ب s.o., s.th.) II to build a wall (هـ around s.th.), wall in (هـ s.th.); to encircle, surround (هـ s.th.), close in from all sides (هـ on s.th.) III to try to outwit, dupe, or outsmart (ه s.o.); to mislead, lead astray, seduce (ه s.o.) IV to surround (ب s.o., s.th., also هـ, ه s.o., s.th., y with); to encompass, enclose, embrace, comprise, contain (ب s.th., also هـ ); to ring, encircle (ب s.o., s.th., also هـ, ه s.o., s.th., ب with s.th.), close in from all sides (ب on); to know thoroughly, comprehend, grasp completely, understand fully (ب s.th.), be familiar, be thoroughly acquainted (ب with) |احاط به علما (’ilman) to know s.th. thoroughly, have comprehensive knowledge of s.th.; to take cognizance, take note of s.th.; اجاطه علما ب he informed him of ..., he let him know about ; he brought to his notice V to guard, protect (.., 6 s.o., s.th.); to take precautions (هـ with regard to), attend (هـ to); to be careful, be cautious, be on one’s guard VIII to be careful, be cautious, watch out, be on one’s guard; to take precautions, make provision (ل for, so as to ensure ); to surround (ب s.o., s.th.); to guard, protect, preserve (على ب s.th. from), take care (ب of), attend (ب to), look after (ب ), see to it (بأن that)

حيطة ḥīṯa, ḥaṭa, حوطة ḥauṭa cautiousness, caution, provident care, prudence, circumspection | أخذ حيطته (ḥīṭatahu) to be on one’s guard, take precautions; بلا حيطة thoughtlessly, unthinkingly, inadvertently

حياطة ḥiyāṭa guarding, custody, protection, care

تحويط taḥwīṭ encirclement

احاطة iḥāṭa encirclement, encompassment; comprehension, grasp, understanding, knowledge, cognizance (ب of s.th.), acquaintance, familiarity (ب with); information, communication

تحوط taḥawwuṭ provision, care, attention, precaution, prudence; pl. -āt precautionary measures, precautions

احتياط iḥtiyāṭ caution, cautiousness, prudence, circumspection, carefulness; provision, care, attention, precaution, prevention; pl. -āt precautionary measures, precautions |على سبيل المثال as a precaution, out of precaution, to be on the safe side

احتياطي ihṭiyāṭī precautionary; prophylactic; preventive; replacement; spare- (in compounds); reserve- (in compounds); stand-by; reserve funds, capital reserves (fin.); reserve (mil.) |حبس احتياطي (ḥabs) detention pending investigation; تدابير احتياطية precautionary measures, precautions قوات احتياطية (quwāt) reserves (mil.); مال احتياطي capital reserve, reserve fund; احتياطى الزيت الخام (crude-)oil reserves

حائط pl. حيطان ḥīṭān, حياط ḥiyāṭ, حوائط ḥawā’iṭ2 wall |حائط المبكى ḥ. al-mabkā Wailing Wall (in Jerusalem); ضرب) به عرض الحائط or) القى alqā (ḍaraba) bihī ‘urḍa l-ḥā’iṭ to make little of s.th., scorn, disdain, despise s.th.; to reject s.th., discard s.th., throw s.th. overboard; to ruin, thwart, foil s.th.

حويط ḥāwiṭ (eg.) clever, smart, shrewd

محيط muḥīṭ surrounding (ب s.th.); comprehensive; familiar, acquainted (ب with); -- (pl. -āt) circumference, periphery; extent, range, scope, compass, reach, domain, area; milieu, environment, surroundings; ocean; pl. محيطات surroundings, environment | المحيط الاطلنطي (aṭlanṭī) the Atlantic Ocean; المحيط الهادئ (ḥādi’) the Pacific Ocean

محاط muluiJ surrounded (ب by)

متحوط mutaḥawwiṭ cautious, prudent, provident, circumspect, careful, watchful

حوف ḥauf edge, rim, brim, brink; border, hem, fringe

حافة ḥāfa pl. -āt, حواف ḥawāfin border, rim, brim, brink, verge; edge; fringe, hem |بين حوافيه within it, in it, therein

حاق (حوق ) ḥāqa u (ḥauq) to surround, enclose, infold, embrace (ب s.o.. s.th.) II = I (على s.o., s.th.)

1 حوقل ḥauqala (حوقلة ḥauqala) to pronounce the formula: لا حول ولا قوة الا بالله (see حول ḥaul)

2 حوقلة ḥauqala pl. حواقل ḥawāqil2 phial (chem.), Florence flask

حاك (حوك ) ḥāka u (ḥauk, حياك ḥiyāk, حياكة ḥiyāka) to weave (هـ s.th.); to interweave (هـ s.th.); to knit (هـ s.th.); to braid, plait (هـ s.th.); to contrive, devise, hatch, concoct (هـ s.th.; e.g., ruses, intrigues, pretexts), think up, fabricate, create (هـ s.th. in one’s imagination)

حياكة ḥiyāka weaving; knitting; braiding, plaiting

حائك ḥā’ik pl. حاكة ḥāka weaver; -- (mor.) an outer garment made of a long piece of white woolen material, covering body and head

(حول and حيل) حال ḥāla u to change, undergo a change, be transformed; to shift, turn, pass, grow (الى into s.th., also هـ ), become (الى s.th.); to deviate, depart (عن from, e.g., a commitment), dodge, evade, fail to meet (عن s.th.); to elapse, pass go by (time); -- (حيلولة ḥailūla) to prevent (دون s.th.); to intervene, interfere, interpose, come (بين between) |حال عن عهد (‘ahd) to withdraw from a contract; حال بين فلان وبين الأمر to make s.th. inaccessible to s.o., impossible for s.o.; to bar or obstruct s.o.’s way to s.th.; to prevent s.o. from s.th., deny s.o. s.th.; حال بين نفسه وبين الإشفاق (išfāq) to resist compassion, deny o.s. any sympathy II ḥawwala to change (الى هـ or هـ هـ s.th. to s.th. else), transform, transmute, convert, turn, make (الى هـ or هـ هـ s.th. into s.th. else); to transplant (s.th.); to transfer (هـ s.th.); to convert (هـ s.th., mathematically); to switch commutate (هـ current; el.); to convert, transform (هـ current; el.); to shunt (هـ a railroad car); to switch (هـ a railroad track); to remit, send, transmit (هـ s.th., e.g., money by mail, الى to s.o.); to pass on, hand on (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to forward (الى هـ s.th. to s.o. or to an address); to endorse (هـ a bill of exchange, a promissory note); to direct, turn (هـ s.th., also نظرة naẓratan a glance, الى to or toward); to divert, distract, keep (عن هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. from); to turn away, avert (بصره عن baṣarahū one's eyes from); to turn off, switch off, disconnect (هـ current; el.) |حول الدفة (daffa) to turn the helm, change the course III (ḥāwala to try, attempt, endeavor (هـ s.th., ان to do s.th.), make an attempt, make an effort (ان to do s.th.); to seek to gain (هـ s.th.) by artful means; to deceive by pretenses, make excuses, hedge, dodge IV to change هـ هـ or الى هـ s.th. to), transform, transmute, turn, make (هـ هـ or الى هـ s.th. into); to convert, translate (هـ هـ or الى هـ s.th. into); to transfer (هـ s.th.); to remit, send (هـ s.th. الى or على to s.o.); to assign (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., الى or على to s.o.); to turn over, hand over, pass on (على هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. to); to forward (على هـ s.th. to); to refer (الى ه s.o. to); to cede, transfer (هـ a debt, على to s.o.; jur.) |احيل على (الى) المعاش (uḥīla, ma‘āš) and احيل الى التقاعد (taqā‘ud) he was pensioned off; احيلت الكمبيالة الى البروتستو the bill was protested (fin.) V taḥawwala to change, undergo a change; to be changed (الى to), be transformed, be transmuted, be converted (الى into), become (الى s.th.), turn, grow (الى into), transform (من-- الى or عن from -- into), change, develop, evolve (من -- الى from to); to withdraw, go away, leave; to move (الى to a residence); to turn away (من from), turn one’s back (عن on); to deviate (عن from); to depart, digress, stray (عن الطريق from the way); to renounce, forgo, relinquish, disclaim (s.th.); to proceed slyly or cunningly |تحول كل حيلة to employ every conceivable trick; -- taḥayyala to employ artful means; to ponder ways and means (ل to an end, in order to attain s.th.) VI taḥāwala to try, endeavor, take pains (على to do s.th.), strive (على for); -- taḥāyala and VIII to employ artful means, resort to tricks, use stratagems (على against s.o.); to deceive, beguile, dupe, cheat, outwit, outsmart (على s.o.); to be out (على for s.th.) or achieve (على s.th.) by artful means, by tricks VIII to work or strive (on one’s own resources), make efforts (on one’s own) IX احول aḥwala to be cross-eyed, to squint X to change (الى to, into), turn, be transformed, be converted (الى into); to be transubstantiated (bread and wine, الى into the body and blood of Christ; Chr.); to proceed, pass on, shift, switch (الى to s.th. new or s.th. different); to be impossible (على for s.o.); to be inconceivable, absurd, preposterous

حال ḥāl m. and f., pl. احوال aḥwāl condition, state; situation; position, status; circumstance; case; present, actuality (as opposed to future); circumstantial expression or phrase (gram.); pl.: conditions, circumstances; matters, affairs, concerns; cases; ḥāla (prep.) during; immediately upon, right after; just at; in case of …, in the event of …; حالا ḥālan presently, immediately, at once, right away, without delay; now, actually, at present |في الحال and للحال on the spot, at once, immediately; على كل حال (kulli ḥālin) and على أي حال (ayyi ḥ.) in any case, at any rate, anyhow; يبقى على حاله (yabqā) it remains unchanged, just as it is; في حال من الأحوال in some case or other, anyway, if occasion should arise, possibly; (with neg.) by no means, under no circumstances, not at all, in no way; على حال, بحال, بأي حال bi-ayyi ḥ. with neg.: by no means, not at all, in no way; كذلك الحال في the same goes for ..., it is the same with …; it is also the case with ...; كما هو الحال في as is the case with; كيف حالك how are you? شيء بحاله a thing in itself, a separate, independent thing; الأحوال الجوية (jawwīya) atmospheric conditions; محاكم الأحوال الشخصية (šakṣīya) courts dealing with vital statistics; الأحوال الشخصية (نظام or) قانون personal statute; صاحب الحال noun referent of a circumstantial phrase (gram.); عرض حال ‘arḍ ḥ. application, memorial, petition; لسان الحال, لسان حاله see لسان

حالما ḥālama (conj.) as soon as

حالة ḥala pl. -āt condition, state; situation; (possible, actual) case; ḥālata (prep.) during |حالة ان ḥālata an (conj.) whereas; والحالة هذه under these circumstances, such being the case, things being as they are; في حالة (ḥālati) in (the) case of ..., in the event of …, e.g., في حالة غيابه (giyābihī) in case of his absence, في حالة الوفاة (wafāh) in case of death; في هذه الحالة in this (that) case; لحالة ان li-ḥālati an in case that …, in the event that …; في حالة ما اذا if; كما هي الحالة في if as is the case with …; حالة اجتماعية (ijtimā‘īya) marital status; الحالة الجوية (jawwīya) atmospheric conditions; حالة الخطر ḥ. al-kaṭar stand-by, alert, state of alarm; الحالة الراهنة the status quo; حالة الطوارئ ḥ. aṭ-ṭawāri’ state of emergency; في حالة التلبس (talabbus) flagrante delicto (jur.); الحالة المدنية (madanīya) civil status, legal status; سوء الحالة sū’ al-ḥ. predicament, plight

حالي ḥālī present, current, actual, existing; momentary, instantaneous; حاليا ḥālīyan at present, actually |صورة حالية (ṣūra) snapshot (phot.)

حالية ḥālīya actuality, topicality, timeliness

حول ḥaul pl. احوال aḥwāl year; might, power |لا حول ولا قوة الا بالله lā ḥaula wa-lā quwata illā bi-llāh there is no power and no strength save in God; لا حول له ولا حيلة (wa-lā ḥīlata) he is completely powerless, he can do nothing, he is at the end of his resources

حول ḥiwal change of place, change |لا يبتغون عنه حولا (yabtagūna) they don’t want it otherwise, they ask for it

حول ḥaula (prep.) around, about; circa, about, some, approximately, roughly (with following number); about (esp. in news headings, approx. = re, concerning) | من حوله (ḥaulihī) (= حوله ) around him (or it), about him (or it); من حوليهما (ḥaulaihimā) around the two of them, about them; from their vicinity, from their surroundings (dual)

حولي ḥaulī periodic, temporary, interim; one year old (animal), yearling; young animal; lamb, wether

O حوليات ḥaulīyāt yearbook, annals (= Fr. annales, as a scientific publication)

حيل ḥail strength, force, power, vigor | على حيله (standing) upright, erect; لا قوة له ولا حيل (qūwata) completely helpless and paralyzed

حيلة ḥīla pl. حيل ḥiyal, احاييل aḥāyīl2 artifice, ruse, stratagem, maneuver, subterfuge, wile, trick; device, shift; a means to accomplish an end; expedient, makeshift, dodge, way-out; legal stratagem (for the purpose of in fraudem legis agere) |ما الحيلة what’s to be done! لا حيلة له في (ḥīlata) I have no possibility to …, I am in no position to …; ما بيدي حيلة (bi-yadī) I can do nothing, I can get nowhere; لم يجد حيلة الا lam yajid ḥīlatan illā he couldn’t do anything except …, he had no other choice than …; اعيته الحيلة (a‘yathu) he was at a loss, he was at the end of his wits

حيلي ḥiyalī cunning, crafty, wily, sly, tricky, foxy

احيل aḥyal2 craftier, wilier

حول ḥawal squinting, strabismus

احول aḥwal2, f. ḥaula’2 ḥaulā2, pl. حول ḥūl squinting, squint-eyed, wall-eyed, walleyed

حؤول ḥu’ūl change, transformation, transmutation; prevention (دون of s.th.)

حوال ḥiwāl obstacle; partition, screen

حيال ḥiyāla (prep.) in view of ..., with regard to …, in the lace of, opposite, in front of, before

حوالة ḥawāla pl. -āt assignment, cession (jur.); bill of exchange, (promissory) note, check, draft |حوالة البريد, حوالة بريدية money order; حوالة السفر ḥ. safar traveler’s check

حوالى ḥawālā (prep.) around, about; circa, approximately, roughly, about, some (with following number)

حيلولة ḥailūla separation, interruption, disruption; prevention (دون of s.th.)

لا محال lā maḥalla = لا محالة (see below)

محالة muḥāla roller, wheel (of a draw well)

لا محالة منه lā maḥālata minhu it is inevitable; there is no doubt about it; (also لا محالة alone) most certainly, positively, absolutely, by all means

تحويل taḥwīl transformation, transmutation, conversion (الى into s.th.); change, alteration, modification; transplantation; transposition, reversal, inversion, translocation, dislocation, displacement; transfer, assignment; conversion (e.g., of currency); conversion, transformation (of electric current); O transfer (fin.; also تحويل الدين t. ad-dain); remittance (of money), transmittal, sending, forwarding; bill of exchange, promissory note, draft (com.); check; endorsement (com.); c.o.d., cash on delivery |قابلية العملة للتحويل الى العملات الاجنبية (qābilīyal al-’mla, ajnabīiya) convertibility of currency

تحويلة taḥwīla pl. تحاويل taḥāwīl2 branch, offshoot; siding, sidetrack (railroad); side canal (irrigation; Eg.); switch (railroad)

محاولة muḥāwala pl. -āt attempt, try; effort, endeavor;. recourse to expedients, shifts, or dodges, dodging, hedging | محاولة على حياته (ḥayātihī) attempt on s.o.’s life, murderous assault

احالة iḥāla transfer, conveyance, assignment; remittance; forwarding, referring (الى or على to a competent authority); transmission, transmittal; O transfer (fin.); cession, assignment (Isl. Law); absurdity | بالاحالة على with reference to; قاضي الاحالة magistrate sitting at defendant’s arraignment, trial judge; احالة الى (على) المعاش (ma‘āš) and احالة الى التقاعد (taqā‘ud) pensioning off

تحول taḥawwul change, transformation, transmutation; abrupt change, sudden turn, reversal; shift, transition; departure, deviation, digression (عن from); renunciation (عن of) |نقطة التحول nuqṭat at-t. turning point

تحيل taḥayyul use of tricks, trickery

تحايل taḥāyul and احتيال iḥtiyāl use of tricks, trickery; cunning, craft, subtlety, artfulness; malice, treachery, perfidy; deception, fraud

تحايلي taḥāyulī and احتيالي iḥtiyālī fraudulent, e.g., افلاس احتيالي (iflās) fraudulent bankruptcy

استحالة istiḥāla change, transformation, transmutation, turn, shift, transition; transubstantiation (Chr.); impossibility, inconceivability, absurdity, preposterousness

حائل ḥā’il pl. حوائل ḥawā’il obstacle, obstruction, impediment (دون on the way to s.th., بين -- و see حال ḥāla I); barrier; partition, screen, folding screen; -- (pl. حول ḥuwwal) changeable, variable, frequently changing; feeble, languid, wan, pallid

محول muḥawwil pl. -āt converter, transformer (el.); endorser

محولة muḥawwila switch (railroad)

محول عليه muḥawwal ‘alaihi c.o.d., cash on delivery; محول به collected on delivery

محيل muḥīl transferor, assignor (Isl. Law)

محال muḥāl inconceivable, unthinkable, impossible, absurd, preposterous, unattainable

متحول mutaḥawwil changeable, variable, changing | الأعياد المتحولة (a‘yād) the movable feasts (Chr.)

محتال muḥtāl artful, cunning, deceitful, treacherous, perfidious, fraudulent; swindler, cheat, impostor, fraud; crook, scoundrel; assignee (Isl. Law) | محتال عليه debtor of a ceded claim, transferee (Isl. Law)

مستحيل mustaḥīl impossible, absurd, preposterous; مستحيلات impossible things, impossibilities, absurdities

(حوم) حام ḥāma u (ḥaum, حوم ḥawamān) to circle, hover. glide (in the air; of a bird, also of an aircraft); to hover, swarm, buzz (حول and على around) | حامت الشبهة ضده (šubha, ḍiddahū) suspicion concentrated on him, he was suspected II to circle in the air; to hover in circles, to circle; to go around, revolve (thoughts and images, in one’s head or mind); to browse (في in a book)

حومة ḥauma pl. -āt turmoil of battle, thick of the fray; main part, bulk, main body; (tun.) quarter, section (of a city)

حان and حانة see حين

حانوت see حنو

حوى ḥawā i to gather, collect, unite (هـ s.th.); to encompass, embrace, contain, hold, enclose, comprise, include (هـ s.th.); to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); to clasp (هـ s.th., the hand) V to curl (up), coil (up) VIII to encompass, embrace, contain, hold, enclose, comprise, include (هـ or على s.th.); to possess, own, have (هـ or على s.th.)

حوية ḥawīya convolution, coil, curl, roll; pl. حوايا ḥawāyā intestine, bowels, entrails

حواية ḥiwāya pl. -āt (eg.) wase round pad to support a burden on the head or on the back

حاو ḥāwin pl. حواة ḥuwāh snake charmer; juggler, conjurer, magician

محتويات muḥtawayāt content(s) (of a book. of a receptacle) |محتويات النفوس the innermost thoughts. the secrets of the heart

(حى, حيو) حيي ḥayiya, حي ḥayya يحيا yaḥyā (حياة ḥayāh) to live; حي ḥayya to live to see, experience, witness (هـ s.th.), live (هـ through a time) ليحي الملك li-yaḥyā l-malik long live the king! حيي ḥayiya يحيا yaḥyā (حياء ḥayā’) to be ashamed (من of; because of) II حيا ḥayyā to keep (ه s.o.) alive, grant (ه s.o.) a long life; to say to s.o. (ه): حياك الله may God preserve your life!; to greet, salute (ه s.o.) IV احيا aḥyā to lend life (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), enliven, animate, vitalize, endow with life, call into being (هـ s.th.), give birth (هـ to); to revive, reanimate, revivify (هـ s.th.), give new life (هـ to); to put on, produce, stage, arrange (هـ e.g., a theatrical performance, a celebration, and the like); to celebrate (هـ s.th., also a festival) |احيا الذكرى (dikrā) to commemorate (a deceased person), observe the anniversary (of s.o.’s death); احيا الليل (lail) to burn the midnight oil, احيا الليل صلاة (ṣalātan) to spend the night in prayer; احيا السهرة (sahrata) to perform in the evening (of an artist); احيا حفلة (ḥaflatan) to give a performance; to perform at a celebration (artist); قد احيت الفرقة ثلاث ليال qad aḥyat il-firqatu talāta layālin the theatrical troupe gave three evening performances X استحيا istaḥyā to spare s.o.’s (ه ) life, let live, keep alive (ه s.o.); استحيا istaḥyā, استحى istaḥā to be ashamed (ه to face s.o.; من of s.th., because of s.th.); to become or feel embarrassed (من in front of s.o.), be embarrassed (من by); to be bashful, shy, diffident

حي ḥayy pl. احياء aḥyā’ living, live, alive; lively, lusty, animated, active, energetic, unbroken, undaunted, undismayed; living being, organism; tribe, tribal community; block of apartment houses; section, quarter (of a city) |علم الأحياء ‘ilm al-aḥyā’ biology; حي العالم ‘ilm al-‘ālam houseleek tree (Sempervivum arboreum L.; bot.)

حي ḥayya: حي على الصلاة ḥayya ‘alā ṣ-ṣalāh come to prayer!

حية ḥayya pl. -āt snake, serpent, viper

O احيائي aḥyā’ī biologic(al); (pl. -ūn) biologist |كيمياء احيائية (kīmiyā’) bio-chemistry

حيي ḥayīy bashful, shy, diffident, modest

حياء ḥayā’ shame, diffidence, bashfulness, timidity; shyness |قليل الحياء shameless impudent; قلة الحياء qillat al-ḥ. shamelessness, impudence

حياة ḥayāh pl. حيوات ḥayawāt life; life-blood; liveliness animation |حياة الريف ḥ. ar-rīf country life, rural life; الحياة العامة (‘āmma) public life; الحياة العائلية family life; ميتوى الحياة mustawā l-ḥ. living standard; O علم الحياة ‘ilm al-ḥ. biology

حيوي ḥayawī lively, full of life, vital, vigorous; vital, essential to life

حيوية ḥayawīya vitality, vigor, vim

حيويات ḥayawīyāt: مواد مضادة للحيويات (mawādd muḍādda) antibiotics

حيوان ḥayawān pl. -āt animal, beast; (coll.) animals, living creatures |حيوانات ثدية (tadyīya) mammals; حيوانات مجترة (mujtarra) ruminants; حيوان طفيلي (ṭufailī) parasite; علم الحيوان ‘ilm al-ḥ. zoology

حيواني ḥayawānī animal (adj.); zoologic(al)

حيوانية ḥayawānīya bestiality; animality, animal nature

حوين ḥuwayyin pl. -āt minute animal, animalcule

احيى aḥyā livelier; more vigorous, more vital

تحية taḥīya pl. –āt, تحايا taḥāyā greeting, salutation; salute; cheer (= wish that God may give s.o. long life) |تحية لذكراه taḥīyatan li-dikrāhu in order to keep his memory alive, in remembrance of him; التحية العسكرية (‘askarīya) military salute

احياء iḥyā’ animation, enlivening; revival, revitalization, revivification; arranging, staging. conducting, putting on, holding (of a celebration) |احياء الذكرى i. ad-dikrā commemoration (of a deceased person); احياء لذكرى I (iḥyā’an) (with foll. gen.) in commemoration of …, in memoriam ...; احياء الموات i. al-mawāt cultivation of virgin land

استحياء istiḥyā’ shame; diffidence, bashfulness, timidity; shyness

محيا mūḥayyan face, countenance

الست المستحية as-sitt al-mustahīya sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica; bot.)

1 حيث ḥaitu (conj.) where (place and direction); wherever; since, as, due to the fact that; whereas; inasmuch as |حيث ان (anna) since, as, because, due to the fact that ; in that ; حيث كان wherever it be; in any case, at any rate; الى حيث ilā ḥaitu where (direction); to where …, to the place where ...; من حيث min ḥaitu from where, whence, wherefrom; where (place); whereas; (with foll. nominative) as to, as for, concerning, regarding, with respect to, in view of, because of; من حيث الثقافة min ḥ. taqāfatu with regard to education, as far as education is concerned; من حيث يدري ولا يدري (yadrī wa-lā yadrī) whether he knows it or not, knowingly or without his knowledge; من حيث لا (with foll. perf.) without (being, doing, etc.); من حيث هو such, in itself, العالم من حيث هو (‘ālam) the world in itself, the world as such; من حيث ان (anna) inasmuch as; in view of the fact that; since, as, due to the fact that; بحيث bi-ḥaitu inasmuch as; in such a manner that ..., so as to ...; so that ...; such as ...; (he found himself) at a point or degree where, e.g., كان من البراءة بحيث لا ترى (barā’a, tarā) = she was so naive that she couldn't see ...; بحيث لا insofar as not, provided that … not; بحيث ان (anna) in such a manner that ..., so as to ..., so that ...

حيثما ḥatumā wherever, wheresoever (place); wherever, no matter where (direction) |حيثما اتفق (ittafaqa) anywhere, wherever it was (or he), haphazardly, at random

حيثية ḥaitīya pl. -āt standpoint; view, point, point of view, approach; aspect, respect, regard, consideration; high social standing, social distinction, dignity; pl. also: considerations, legal reasons on which the judgment is based, opinion (jur.) |ذوو الحيثية (البارزة ) (dawū) or اصحاب الحيثية, اصحاب الحيثيات people of (high) social standing, prominent people, people of distinction; من الحيثية الحيوانية (ḥayawānīya) from a zoological viewpoint

2 الحيثيون al-hātīyūn the Hittites

(حيد) حاد ḥāda i (ḥaid, حيود ḥuyūd, حيدان ḥayadān, محيد maḥīd) to deviate, swerve, depart, desist (If from); to leave, quit, give up, abandon, relinquish (عن s.th.); حاد به عن to dissuade or get s.o. away from ; to incline, tend (الى, نحو to, toward), sbade, blend (الى, نحو into) II to keep aside, put aside (هـ s.th.) III to stay away, keep apart (هـ, ه from s.o., from s.th.); to avoid, shun (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VII to depart, deviate, digress, swerve (عن from)

حيد ḥaid, حيدان ḥayadān deviation, digression, departure, swerving, turning aside, turning away

حيدة ḥaida deviation, digression, swerving, departure (from a course); neutrality; impartiality |على حيدة aside, apart, to one side

محيد maḥīd avoidance (عن of s.th.) |لا محيد (maḥīda) it is unavoidable

حايد ḥiyād neutrality (pol.) |على الحياد neutral; حياد عن الخط (kaṭṭ) derailment (railroad)

حيادي ḥiyādī neutral (pol.)

محايدة muḥāyada neutrality (pol.)

حائد ḥā’id neutral (pol.)

محايد muḥāyid neutral (pol.); المحايدون the neutrals (pol.)

متحايد mutaḥāyid neutral (pol.)

حيدراباد ḥaidarābād2 Hydarabad

حار (حير ) ḥāra (1st pers. perf. حرت ) a (حيرة ḥaira, حيران ḥayarān) to become confused; to become or be helpless, be at a loss, know nothing (في of, about); to waver, hesitate, be unable to choose (بين -- وبين between - and) |حار في امره (amrihi) to be confused. baffled, bewildered, dismayed to be at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end II to confuse, baffle, bewilder, nonplus, embarrass (ه s.o.) V to become confused; to be or become dismayed, startled, baffled, perplexed (في by), be at a loss (في to); to waver (uncertainly) (بين between) |تحير في امره (amrihi) to be confused, baffled, bewildered, disconcerted, be at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end VIII = V

حير ḥair fenced-in garden, enclosure |حير الحيوان ḥ. al-ḥayawān zoological garden, zoo

حيرة ḥaira confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, embarrassment, helplessness في حيرة embarrassed, at a loss, helpless

حيران ḥairān2, f. حيرى ḥairā, pl. حيارى ḥayārā, ḥuyārā confused, perplexed, startled, dismayed, disconcerted, baffled, Nonplused, bewildered, appalled, taken aback, stunned; embarrassed, at a loss, at one’s wit’s end; uncertain, helpless, sheepish (smile, etc.), confused, incoherent (words, and the like)

تحير taḥayyur confusion, perplexity, bewilderment, dismay; embarrassment, helplessness

حائر ḥā’ir disconcerted, perplexed, startled. dismayed; embarrassed, helpless, at a lost, at one’s wit’s end; baffled, bewildered, confused, uncertain (في about); straying, astray |حائر في امره (amrihī) confused, baffled, bewildered, embarrassed, at a loss, helpless

محير muḥayyar embarrassed, at a loss, helpless

محير muḥayyir and محتار muḥtār = حائر

حيز see حوز

حيزبون see حزب

حاص (حيص ) ḥāṣa i (ḥaiṣ, حيصة ḥaiṣa, محيص maḥīṣ) to flee, escape (عن s.th. or from s.th.), run away (عن from), turn one’s back (عن on) VII do.

حيص ḥaiṣ, حيصة ḥaiṣa flight, escape

وقع في حيص بيص waqa‘a fī ḥaiṣa baiṣa to get into a bad fix, meet with difficulties

حياصة see حوص

محيص maḥīṣ flight, escape; place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary |ما عنه محيص it is unavoidable; لم يكن لهم من محيص they couldn’t but ..., they had no other alternative but to ...

(حيض) حاضت ḥāḍat i (ḥaiḍ, محيض maḥīḍ, محاض maḥāḍ) and V to menstruate, have a monthly period

حيض ḥaiḍ (n. un. حيضة ) and حياض ḥiyāḍ menstruation, monthly period

حائض ḥā’iḍ (f.) and حائضة menstruating

حيطة , حياطة, حيطان, حياط see حوط

1 حاف (حيف ) ḥāfa i (ḥaif) to deal unjustly (على with s.o.), wrong, injure, harm (على s.o.); to restrict, limit, curtail, impair (على s.th.), encroach (على upon) V to impair, injure, prejudice, violate (هـ or من s.th.), encroach, infringe (هـ or من upon)

حيف ḥaif wrong, injustice; harm, damage, prejudice | حيف عليه what a pity! too bad! لا حيف به (ḥaifa) it is not out of place, it is quite appropriate

2 حيفاء ḥaifā’ Haifa (seaport in NW Israel)

حاق (حيق ) ḥāqa i to surround, beset from all sides (ب s.o.); to fall, descend, come (ب upon s.o., punishment), befall, overtake, grip, seize, overcome (ب s.o.), happen, occur (ب to); to penetrate, pierce (في the body; of a sword); to affect, influence (في s.o., s.th.) IV to surround, beset from all sides (ب s.o.); to bring down (هـ ب upon s.o. s.th.), cause s.th. (هـ ) to descend (هـ ب upon s.o.)

حيق ḥaiq consequence, effect (of a misdeed redounding upon the evildoer)

حيك II to weave

حياكة see حوك

حيك ḥaik = حائك see حوك

1 حيل V, حيلة, احيل, حيال, حيلولة , etc., see حول; احيلي see حلو

2 حايل ḥāyil2 Hail (town and oasis in N Nejd)

حان (حين ) ḥāna i to draw near, approach, come, arrive (time); to happen accidentally |حان الوقت the (right) time has come; now is the time; حان له الوقت the time has come for him to …; اما حان لهم ان يفهموا (amā, an yafhamū) haven’t they understood yet ...?; حانت مني التفاتة (minnī iltifāta) I happened to turn around (الى to), it just happened that my eyes fell on (الى ) II to set a time (ه for s.o.) IV to destroy, wipe out (ه s.o.) V to watch, wait (هـ fur a time or an opportunity) |تحين الفرصة (furṣata) to wait for an opportunity, bide one's time X استحين istaḥyana to wait for the right time

حان ḥān bar; cabaret

حانة ḥāna pl. -āt bar, wineshop, wine tavern; pub, tavern, taproom

حين ḥain death, destruction

حين ḥīn pl. احيان aḥyān, احايين aḥāyīn2 time; propitious time, good time, opportunity; ḥīna (prep.) at the time of ..., at, upon; (conj.) at the time when, when; as soon as; حينا ḥīnan for some time; once, one day; احيانا aḥyānan occasionally, from time to time, sometimes |حينا -- حينا sometimes -- sometimes, at times -- at times; في الاحايين at times, sometimes, once in a while; في بعض الأحيان (الأحايين ) fī ba‘ḍi l-a. and بعض الأحيان ba‘ḍa l-a. sometimes, occasionally, now and then, once in a while, from time to time, at times; في اغلب الأحيان fī aglabi l-a. mostly, most of the time, in most cases; الى حين for some time; meanwhile, for the time being; في حينه then, at the time, in his (its) time; in due time, at the appointed time; ذا الحين dā l-ḥīna just now, right now; من ذلك الحين from that time on, from then on; الى ذلك الحين until that time, till then; في حين (with foll. verb) whereas; في حين ان and على حين ان (ḥīni) at the same time when ..., while; whereas, also without ان , e.g., على حين هم يزعمون ‘alā ḥīni hum yaz‘umūna whereas they, on the other hand, claim; من حين الى حين, بين حين وحين, حينا بعد حين, من حين لآخر (li-ākara) and بين حين ولآخر (wa-ākara) from time to time, now and then, once in a while

حينئذ ḥīna’idin at that time, then, that day

حينذاك ḥīnadāka at that time, then, that day

حينما ḥīnamā (conj.) while; when, as

حيوان , حيوي and حيوية see حي

خ

خاء ḳā’ name of the letter خ

خاتون ḳātūn pl. خواتين ḳawātīn2 lady, socially prominent woman|زهرة الخاتون zahrat al-ḳ. little blue flower of the steppe (syr.)

خاخام ḳāḳām (=حاخام ) rabbi

خارصين ḳāriṣīn and خارصينى ḳāriṣīnī (eg.) zinc

خازوق ḳāzūq pl. خوازيق ḳawāzīq2 post, stake, pole; dirty trick| هذا خازوق that’s tough luck!

خاقان ḳāqān pl. خواقين ḳawāqīn2 overlord, ruler, sovereign, monarch, emperor

خاكى ḳākī earth-colored, khaki

خؤول , خؤولة see خول

خام ḳām raw, unworked, unprocessed; untanned; linen; calico; (pl. -āt) raw material; inexperienced, green, untrained, unskilled, artless, uncouth, boorish; pl. خامات raw materials|جلود خام raw leather; خيوط خام raw fibers; زيت خام (zait) crude oil; سكر خام (sukkar) raw sugar; المواد الخام (mawādd) the raw materials

خان ḳān pl. -āt hostel, caravansary; inn, pub, tavern|الخان الخليلى (ḳalīlī) district of Cairo (center of art trade and market activity); خان يونس Khan Yunis (town in Gaza sector)

خانة pl. -at column (e.g., of a newspaper); square (e.g., on a chessboard)

خب ḳabba u (ḳabb, خبب ḳabab, خبيب ḳabīb) to amble (animal); to trot (horse); to jog, saunter (person), to sink (فى in sand); -- u (ḳabb) to surge, heave, be rough (sea) V and VIII to amble (animal); to trot (horse)

خبب ḳabab amble; trot

خب ḳabb, ḳibb heaving, surging (of the sea, rough sea

خب ḳabb impostor. swindler

خب ḳaba’a a and II to bide, conceal (هـ s.th) V to hide, conceal o.s.; to be hidden, be concealed VIII to hide, conceal o.s.; to disappear; to be hidden, be concealed

خبء ḳib’ that which is hidden, a hidden thing

خبيئة ḳabī’a pl. خبايا ḳabāyā that which is hidden; a hidden, secret thing; a cache| خبايا الارض ḳ. l-arḍ that which is hidden in the earth; natural resources

مخبأ maḳba’ pl. مخابئ maḳābi’2 hiding place; hide-out, refuge, haunt, retreat; cellar, shelter, air-raid shelter

خباء ḳibā’ pl. اخبئة aḳbi’a, اخبية aḳbiya tent; husk, hull (of grain)

خابئة ḳābi’a, خابية ḳāiya pl. خوابئ ḳawābī’2, خواب ḳawābin large vessel, cask, jar

مخبآت muḳabba’āt hidden, secret things; secrets

مختبئ muḳtabi’ hidden, concealed

خبت IV to be humble (الى before God(

خبث ḳabuta u (ḳubt, خباثة ) to be bad; to be wicked, evil, malicious, vicious, malignant VI to behave viciously, display malice; to feel awkward, feel embarrassed

خبث ḳubt badness, wickedness; malignancy (e.g., of a disease); malice, malevolence, viciousness

خبث ḳabat refuse, scum, dross, slag

خبيث ḳabīt pl. خبث ḳubut, خبثاء ḳubatā’2, اخباث aḳbāt, خبثة ḳabata bad, evil, wicked; malicious, vicious, spiteful; noxious, injurious, harmful; malignant (disease); offensive, repulsive, nauseating, disgusting (odor)

اخبث aḳbat worse; more wicked

خباثة ḳabāta badness wickedness; malice, malevolence, viciousness, malignancy

خبر ḳabara u (ḳubr, خبرة ḳibra) to try, test (هـ s.th.); to experience (هـ s.th.); to have tried, have experienced, know by experience (هـ s.th.); to get to know thoroughly, know well (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); ḳabura u to know thoroughly (ب or هـ s.th.), be fully acquainted (ب or هـ with s.th.) II to notify, advise, apprise, inform, tell (ه s.o., ب of or about) III to write (ه to s.o.). address (ه s.o.), turn, appeal (ه to s.o.), contact (ه s.o.) in writing; to negotiate, treat, parley (ه with s.o.) IV to notify, inform, apprise, advise (ب ه s.o. of), let know, tell (ب ه s.o. about); to communicate, report, relate (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), tell (ب ه s.o. s.th.) V to inquire (ه of s.o.), ask (ه s.o.) VI to inform one another, notify one another; keep one another informed; to correspond, write each other; to negotiate, treat, parley (مع with s.o., في about) VIII to explore (هـ s.th.), search (هـ into), seek information (هـ about); to test, examine (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to try, put to the test (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to have tried, have experienced, know by experience (هـ s.th.); to know well (هـ s.th.) X to inquire (عن ه of s.o. about), ask (عن ه s.o. about)

خبر ḳabar pl. اخبار aḳbār news; information, intelligence: report, communication, message; notification; rumor; story; matter, affair; (gram.) predicate of a nominal clause; pl. annals |سأله عن أخباره to inquire of s.o. about s.o. else; كان في خبر كان or دخل في خبر كان (ḳabari kana) to belong to the past, be passé, be no longer existent

خبرة ḳibra, خبر ḳubr experience; knowledge

خبير kabīr experienced, expert (ب in); familiar, conversant, well-acquainted (ب with), cognizant (ب of); الخبير the Knowing (one of the attributes of God); (pl. خبراء kubarā’2) expert, specialist | خبير الضرائب tax expert, tax adviser

خابور kābūr pl. خوابير kawābīr2 peg; pin; wedge

مخبر makbar sense, intrinsic significance; (pl: مخابر makābir2) laboratory

مخبار mikbār pl. مخابير makābīr2 test tube (chem.)

مخابرة mukābara pl. -āt correspondence, (esp. written) information (in classified ads: المخابرة ب please write to ..., please contact ...), notice, notification, communication | مخابرة تلفونية telephone call, telephone conversation; مخابرة خارجية (kārijīya) long-distance call; مخابرة سرية (sirriya) secret communiqué; قلو المخابرات qalam al-m. intelligence bureau; المخابرة حضوريا (ḥuḍūrīyan) apply in person (in classified ads)

اخبار ikbār notification, information, communication, note, message; report; indirect discourse, oratio obliqua (gram.)

اخباري ikbārī news-, information- (in compounds)

تخابر takābur negotiation; correspondence

اختبار iktibār pl. -āt exploration, study; examination; test; test item (of an examination); trial, testing; (scientific) investigation, research, experiment; experience, empirical knowledge; practical experience |اختبارات تحريرية (taḥrīrīya) written examination items; اختبار ذاتي (dātī) personal experience; على سبيل الاختبار experimentally; تحت الاختبار on probation, on trial; حقول الاختبار experimental fields

اختباري iktibārī experimental; experiential; empirical

اختبارية ihtibārīya empiricism

استختبار istikbàr pl. -āt inquiry | دائرة الاستختبارات information bureau

مخبر mukbir pl. -ūn reporter; detective

مختبر muktabar pl. -āt laboratory

خبز kabaza i (kabz) to bake (هـ bread) VIII do.

خبز kubz pl. اخباز akbāz bread

خبزة kubza loaf of bread

خباز kubza pl. -ūn, خبازة baker

خباز kubbaz, خبيز kubbaiz, خبازى kubbazā mallow (bot.)

خبازة kibāza baker’s trade, art of baking

مخبز makbaz, مخبزة pl. مخابز makābiz2 bakery

خبص kabaṣa i (kabṣ) to mix, mingle, intermix (ب هـ s.th. with) II to mix, mingle, intermix (هـ s.th.); to muddle, jumble, confuse (هـ s.th.), make a mess (هـ of)

خبيص kabīl, خبيصة medley, mess, mishmash, hodgepodge; خبصة a jellylike sweet

خباص kabbāṣ one who causes confusion, who messes things up; an irresponsible, light-minded person

خبط kabaṭa i (kabṭ) to beat, strike (هـ s.th., against s.th.); to knock, rap (هـ on, الباب on the door); to stamp (الارض the ground; of animals) | يخبط خبط عشواء (kabṭa ‘ašwā’) he acts haphazardly, he proceeds rashly or at random V to beat, strike, hit (ه s.o.); to bring down, fell, knock out, throw to the ground (ه s.o.); to bump, hit (هـ against), collide (هـ with), stumble (هـ over); to be lost, wander about, stray; to grope about, fumble about; to struggle, resist; to clatter over the ground, gallop (horse) VIII to bump (against); to struggle, resist; to grope about, fumble about; to be lost, wander around, stray; to stir, bustle

خبطة kabta blow, stroke; rap, knock; noise, din, uproar

خباط kubāṭ insanity, madness, mental disorder

خبل kabala u (kabl) to confound, confuse, mess up, complicate (هـ s.th.); to hinder, impede, handicap, stop, hold back (ه s.o.); to befuddle (ه s.o.), confuse s.o.’s (ه ) mind, rob (ه s.o.) of his senses make (ه s.o.) crazy; -- kabila a (kabal, خبال kabal) to get confused; to be or become mentally disturbed, crazy, insane II to confound, confuse (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to complicate, entangle, mess up, muddle, throw into disorder (هـ s.th.); to rob of his senses, drive insane (ه s.o.) VIII to become muddled, disordered (mind)

خبل kabl, kabal confusion; mental disorder, insanity

خبل kabil mad, crazy, insane; feebleminded, dim-witted

اخبل akbal 2 mad, crazy, insane; feeble-minded, dim-witted

اختبال iktibāl mental disorder

مخبول makbūl mad, crazy, idiotic, imbecilic, mentally deranged, insane; muddlehead, dolt, fool

مخبل makbal confused. baffled, perplexed, dismayed; muddled, confused, mixed up

(خبو) خبا kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to go out, die (fire)

خبايا and خباء pl. اخبية see خبأ

خابية pl. خواب see خبأ

خبياري kibyārī caviar

ختر katara i (katr) to betray (ه s.o.), act perfidiously, disloyally (ه toward s.o.); to deceive, cheat, dupe (ه s.o.)

ختر katr disloyalty, breach of confidence, perfidy, treachery, betrayal, deception

ختار kattār traitor, disloyal person, cheat, swindler

خاتر kātir treacherous, perfidious, disloyal

ختل katala i u (katl, ختلا katalan) to dupe, gull, cheat, double-cross, deceive (ه s.o.) III to deceive, cheat, dupe (ه s.o.); to behave hypocritically VIII = I

ختل katl and مخاتل mukātala deception, trickery, double-dealing, duplicity, duping, gulling

مخاتل mukātil deceitful, crafty, wily, foxy

ختم katama i (katm, ختام kitām) to seal, provide with a seal or signet (هـ s.th.); to stamp, impress with a stamp (هـ s.th.); to seal off, close, make impervious or inaccessible (هـ s.th.; also على the hearts, said of God); to put one’s seal (هـ on), conclude, terminate (هـ s.th.); to wind up, finish, complete (هـ s.th.); to close, heal, cicatrize (wound) V to put on or wear a ring (ب) | تختم بالذهب (dahab) to wear a golden ring VIII to conclude, finish, terminate, wind up (هـ s.th.)

ختم katm sealing; -- (pl. اختام aktām, ختوم kutūm) seal, signet, seal imprint; stamp, stamp imprint; also = ختمة (see below) | ختم البريد postmark, (postal) cancellation stamp; شمع الختم šam‘ al-k. sealing wax

ختمة katma pl. katamāt recital of the entire Koran, esp. on festive occasions

خاتم kātam, kātam pl. خواتم kawātim2 seal ring, signet ring; ring, finger ring; seal, signet; stamp |خاتم الزواج k. zawāj wedding ring; خاتم النبيين k. an-nabīyīn the Seal (i.e., the last) of the Prophets = Mohammed

خاتام kātām pl. خواتيم kawātīm2 seal ring, signet ring; ring

ختام kitām sealing wax; end, close, conclusion, termination |في الختام at the end, at last, finally, eventually

ختامي kitāmī final, concluding |كلمة ختامية (kalima) concluding speech

اختتام iktitām end, close, conclusion, termination

خاتمة kātima pl. خواتم kawātim2, خواتيم kawātīm2 end, close, conclusion, termination; epilogue (of a book); خواتيم final stage

مختم mukattam ringed, adorned with a ring or rings (hand)

مختتم muktatam end, close, conclusion, termination

1 ختن katana i (katn) to circumcise (ه a boy) VIII pass

ختن katn circumcision

ختن katan pl. اختان aktān son-in-law bridegroom

ختان kitān, ختانة kitāna circumcision

2 خاتون look up alphabetically

خثر katara u and katira a to become solid, become thick, solidify, thicken; to be or become viscous, syrupy; to clot, coagulate (liquid); to curdle (milk) II and IV to thicken, inspissate, condense, coagulate (هـ liquid); to curdle (هـ milk) V = I

O خثرة katra thrombosis (med.)

خثار kutar dregs (of a liquid); scum of the earth, riffraff, mob

خثارة kutāra dregs (of a liquid); sediment, lees

تخثر takattur coagulation |O تخثر المخ (mukk) cerebral thrombosis

خاثر kātir thickened, inspissated, condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, coagulated, clotted; yoghurt, curd

مخثر mukattar thickened, inspissated, condensed; viscous, ropy, sirupy; curdled, coagulated, clotted

خجل kajila a (kajal) to become embarrassed; to be ashamed (من of s.th. or to face s.o.), be abashed ( by s.th.), feel embarrassed (من about s.th. or in front of s.o.) II and IV to shame (ه s.o.); to embarrass, abash, put to shame (ه s.o.)

خجل kajal shame (من at); bashfulness diffidence, timidity, shyness; abashment; disgrace, shame, ignominy |يا للخجل (la-l-kajal) O disgrace! the shame of it!

خجل kajil abashed, embarrassed; bashful, diffident, shy, timid; overgrown with luxuriant, profuse vegetation; long and flowing (garment)

خجول kajūl abashed, ashamed, shame-faced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid

خجلان kajalān abashed, ashamed, shamefaced; shy, bashful, diffident, timid; bewildered with shame, embarrassed

مخجول makjūl ashamed, shamefaced

مخجل mukjil arousing shame, shameful; shocking, disgraceful, ignominious |اعضاء المخجلة (a‘ḍā’) the pudenda

خد kadda u to furrow, plow (a the ground) V to be furrowed; to become wrinkled (akin)

خد kadd pl. خدود kudūd cheek; lateral portion, side |صعر خده ṣa‘‘ra kaddahū to put on a contemptuous mien

خد kadd and خدة kudda pl. خدد kudad furrow, ridge, groove, rut

اخدود ukdūd pl. اخاديد akādīd2 furrow, ridge, groove, rut; trench, excavation

خد mikadda pl. مخاد makadd2 cushion, pillow; seat cushion

خديج kadīj premature child

خداج kidāj abortion, miscarriage

خدر ­kadira a (kadar) to be numb, prickle, tingle (leg, arm); to be or become limp, benumbed, paralyzed; -- kadara u to confine to women’s quarters, keep in seclusion (ها a girl) II to numb, benumb, stupefy (ه s.o., هـ a s.th.); to anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep (ه s.o., هـ s.th.; med.); to confine to women’s quarters, keep in seclusion (la a girl) IV to make torpid, stupefy, benumb, deprive of sensation, narcotize (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) V to be numbed. be stunned, be stupefied, be deprived of sensation; to come to rest, calm down

خدر kidr pl. خدور kudūr, اخدار akdār, اخادير akādīr2 curtain, drape; women’s quarters of a tent; boudoir, private room (of a lady)

خدر kadar and خدرة kudra numbness, insensibility (esp. of a limb gone to sleep); daze. torpor, stupor

خدر kadir numb (limb); benumbed, torpid, dazed

خدر takdīr anesthetization, narcotization

خادر kādir limp, languid; benumbed, torpid, dazed; hidden in his den, lurking (lion)

خادرة kādira chrysalis (of a caterpillar; zool.)

مخدر mukaddir anesthetic, painkilling, tranquilizing; (pl. -āt) an anesthetic; a narcotic, drug, dope

مخدر mukaddar numb, torpid, insensible; (eg.) tipsy, fuddled, drunk

مخدرة mukaddira girl kept in seclusion from the outside world

خدش kadaša i (kadš) to scratch (هـ s.th.); to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (هـ s.th.); to violate (هـ the rules of decency, s.o.’s honor, and the like); to disturb (هـ the

peace); to ruin, sully, run down (سمعته sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) II to scratch (هـ s.th.) j to maul, lacerate, tear to pieces (هـ s.th.); to violate (هـ the rules of decency, s.o.’s honor, etc.); to ruin, sully, run down (سمعته sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation)

خدش kadš pl. خدوش kudūš, اخداش akdāš scratch, scratch mark; graze, abrasion

خدع kada‘a a to cheat (ه s.o., عن out of s.th.); to deceive, mislead, dupe, gull (ه s.o.); pass. kudi‘a to be mistaken, be wrong (عن about); to fail to see clearly (عن with regard to), get the wrong impression (عن of s.th.) III to cheat, dupe, deceive, take in (ه s.o.); to try to deceive or double-cross (ه s.o.) VII to let o.s. be deceived, be deceived, deluded, misled (ب by); to be mistaken, be wrong

خدع kud‘a pl. خدع kuda‘, -āt deception, cheating, swindle

خدعة kuda‘a impostor, swindler, cheat, sharper

سوى خدع sawwā akda‘ahū to crush s.o.’s pride, humble s.o.

خديعة kadī‘a pl. خدائع kadā’i‘2 deception, deceit, betrayal, treachery, perfidy, trickery, imposture

خداع kaddā‘ impostor, swindler, sharper, cheat, crook; deceptive, delusive

خيدع kaida‘ fata morgana, mirage

اخاديع akādi‘2 swindles, underhand dealings, crooked practices; phantoms, phantasms, delusions

مخدع mika‘, mukda‘, makda‘ pl. مخادع makādi2 small room, chamber, cabinet; bedchamber

خداع kidā‘ deception, deceit, swindle, imposture, betrayal, treachery, perfidy, trickery, duplicity

خداعي kidā‘ī deceitful, fraudulent; deceptive, delusive, fallacious

مخادع mukādi‘ swindler, impostor, cheat, sharper, crook

خدل kadala a to stiffen, become rigid; to become numb, torpid, limp

خدم kadama i u (خدم kidma) to serve, be at service, do service; to have a job; to work; to wait (ه on s.o.); to serve (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to render a service (ه to s.o., هـ to s.th.), stand up (ه for s.o.) | خدم الأرض to till or cultivate the soil; خدمه خدمات كثيرة (kidamātin katīratan) he rendered him many services; خدم ركاب فلان (rikāba) to be at s.o.’s beck and call; خدم مصالح فلان (maṣāliḥa) to serve s.o.’s interests; خدم القداس (quddāsa) to celebrate Mass (Chr.) II to employ, hire (ه s.o.), engage the services (ه of s.o.); to give work (ه to s.o.), provide work (ه for) X to employ, hire, take on (ه s.o., ل for s.th.), engage the services (ل ه of s.o. for s.th.); to put in operation, operate (هـ e.g., a public utility); to employ, use (هـ s.th., ل for), make use, avail o.s. (هـ of s.th., ل for a purpose)

خدم kadam servants, attendants

خدمة kidma pl. خدم kidam, -āt a service (rendered); attendance, service; operation; office, employment, occupation, job; work | في خدمة شيء in the service of s.th.; في خدمتكم at your service; خدم للحقيقة (kidmatan) in the interest of truth, for the sake of truth; خدمة عسكرية ('askarīya) military service; الخدمة الاجبارية (ijbārīya) conscription, compulsory service; الخدمة السرية (sirrīya) secret service (pol.); خدمة القداس k. al-quddās celebration of Mass (Chr.)

خدام kaddām pl. ة manservant, servant, attendant; woman servant, female domestic servant, maid

خدام kadāma attendance, service; employment, occupation, office, job

خدام kaddāma pl. -āt woman servant, female domestic servant, maid

تخديم takdīm work, occupation or duty of an employment agent (مخدم mukaddim see below) | مكتب التخديم maktab at-t. labor office, employment bureau

استخدام istikdām (putting into) operation; use, utilization; employment, hiring (of an employee); service, occupation, position, job

خادم kādim pl. خدام kuddām, خدمة kudama domestic servant, help; manservant; woman servant; employee; attendant; waiter; deacon (Chr.)

خادمة kādima woman servant; female domestic servant, maid; woman attendant

خادمية kādimīya status of a servant

مخدوم makdūm pl. -ūn, مخاديم makādīm2 master, employer

مخدومة makdūma mistress, lady (of the house), woman employer

مخدومية makdūmīya status of the master or employer

مخدم mukaddim pl. -ūn employment agent

مستخدم mustakdim pl. -ūn employer; -- mustakdam (colloq. mustakdim) pl. -ūn employee, official

خدن III to befriend (ه s.o.), make friends (ه with s.o.); to associate socially (ه with)

خدن kidn pl. اخدان akdān (intimate) friend, companion, confidant

خدين kadīn (intimate) friend, companion, confidant

خديو kidīw, خديوي kudaiwī khedive

خديوي kidīwī khedivial

خذأ X to submit, subject o.s.

مستخذئ mustakdi’ submissive, servile, subservient, obedient

خذروف kūdrūf pl. خذاريف kadārīf2 (spinning) top

خذروفي kudrūfī turbinate, toplike

خذف kadafa i (kadf) to hurl away (هـ, ب s.th.)

مخذفة mikdafa sling, slingshot, catapult

خذل kadala u (kadl, خذلان kidlān) to leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave in the lurch (ه or عن s.o.); to stay behind; to disappoint; pass. kudila to fail, suffer a setback, meet with disappointment III to leave, abandon, forsake, desert, leave in the lurch (ه s.o.) VI to let up, flag, grow slack, languish, wane, decrease, fade, grow feeble VII to be left in the lurch; to be helpless; to be defeated; to meet with disappointment

خذل kidlān disappointment

تختذل ta!:d4u.l fatigue, languor, weakness, feebleness; relaxation, lessening of tension; disagreement, dissent, disunion

انخذال inkidāl forsakenness, desertedness, abandonment; defeat

خذل mutakādil languid, weak, exhausted, spent, effete

خذو X to submit, subject o.s.

استخذاء istikdā’ subservience, submissiveness, servility

مستخذ mustakdin submissive, servile, subservient, obedient

خر karra i (خرير karīr) to murmur, bubble, gurgle, purl (of running water); to ripple, trickle; to snore; -- (karr, خرور kurūr) to fall, fall down, drop; to sink to the ground, prostrate o.s. | خر على الأرض fall to the ground; خر بين يديه (baina yadaihi) he prostrated himself before him; خر تحت قدميه (taḥta qadmnaihi) he fell at hill feet

خرير karīr purl, murmur, ripple (of water)

خرئ kari’a a (خرء kar’) to evacuate the bowels, defecate

خرء kur’ and خراء karā’ excrement, feces

خراسان kurāsān2 Khurasan (province in NE Iran)

1 خرب karaba i (karb) to destroy, wreck, demolish, shatter, devastate, lay waste (هـ s.th.); -- kariba a (خراب karāb) to be or become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to ruin, fall apart, disintegrate II to devastate, lay waste, destroy, wreck, demolish, ruin, lay in ruins (هـ s.th.) IV = II; V to be or become destroyed, ruined, waste, go to ruin, Call apart, disintegrate

خرب karb destruction, devastation

خرب kurb hole; eye of a needle; anus

خرب karib destroyed, demolished, wrecked, devastated, waste; dilapidated, tumble-down, ramshackle; broken, ruined, out of order

خربة kirba pl. خرب kirab (site of)

ruins; ruin, disintegrating structure

خربة karba, kurba irreligion, lawlessness

خربة kurba pl. خرب kurab hole; eye of a needle; anus

خربة kariba (site of) ruins

خراب karàb ruin, ruination; state of destruction or dilapidation; desolation; (pl. اخربة akriba) (site of) ruins

خرابة karāba pl. -āt, خرائب karā’ib2 disintegrating structure, ruin, ruins

خربان karbān, kirbān destroyed, wrecked, demolished, devastated, waste; ruined, broken, out of order

تخريب takrīb pl. -āt devastation, destruction, wrecking, demolition; sabotage

عمل تخريبي ‘amal takrībī act of sabotage

خارب kārib annihilator, destroyer

مخرب mukarrib pl. -ūn annihilator, destroyer; saboteur

مخرب mukrib annihilator, destroyer

2 خروب karrūb (coll.; n. un. ة ) carob, locust; carob bean, locust pod, St.-John’s-bread

خروبة karrūba pl. -āt kharouba, a dry measure (Eg.; = 1/16 قدح = .291 l)

خربش karbaša to scratch; to scrawl, scribble

خربوش karbuš pl. خرابيش karābīš (syr.) tent

O مخربشات mukarbašāt graffiti

خربط karbaṭa to throw into disorder, disarrange, confuse (هـ s.th.)

خربق karbaqa to perforate, riddle (هـ s.th.); to spoil, mar (هـ s.th.)

خربق karbaq hellebore (bot.)

خرت karata u (kart) to pierce, bore, perforate (هـ s.th.), make a hole (هـ in)

خرت kurt, kart pl. اخرات akrāt, خروت kurūt hole; bore, drill hole; ring, eye, eyelet

حريت kirrīt experienced, practiced, skilled; guide

خرتيت kartīt rhinoceros

خرج karaja u (خروج kurūj) to go out, walk out; to come out (من of), emerge (من from); to drive or ride out, go out (in a vehicle); to flow out, exude, effuse; to go away, depart, leave, retire; to protrude, project, stick out; to leave (من s.th.); to dismount, alight, disembark (من from), get out, step out (من of); to emanate, issue, arise, originate, result (من from); to draw away, segregate, separate, secede, dissent (عن from), disagree (عن with); to deviate, depart (عن from an arrangement, from a principle); to be an exception (عن to); to be outside a given subject (عن ), go beyond a topic (عن ), exceed (عن a topic); to be alien (عن to), be extraneous (عن from), not to belong (عن to), be not included (عن in), have nothing to do with (عن); لا يخرج عن it is limited to ..., it is nothing but ; to go forth (into battle); to attack (على s.o., s.th.), rise, fight (على against); to rebel, revolt (على against); to violate, break, infringe (على a rule, a regulation); خرج عليه ب to come up to s.o. with …, confront s.o. with ; to get out, bring out, take out (ب s.o.); to turn out, oust, dislodge (ب s.o.); to lead away, dissuade (عن ب s.o. from); to find out, discover (ب s.th.) |خرج عن الخط (kaṭṭ) to be derailed, run off the track (train) II to move out, take out, dislodge (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to turn out, oust, expel, evict, drive out (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to remove, eliminate (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to exclude, except (هـ s.th.); to train (ه s.o., في in a skill, and the like); to educate, bring up (ه s.o.); to distill (هـ s.th.); to pull out, extract (هـ s.th.); to gather, deduce, infer (هـ s.th.); to explain, interpret, expound, elucidate (هـ s.th.) IV to move out, take out, get out, bring out, dislodge (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to unload (هـ s.th.), disembark, detrain, etc. (ه s.o., e.g., troops); to turn out, oust (ه s.o.); to emit, send out (هـ s.th., e.g., electric waves); to stick out (هـ e.g., the tongue); to fish out (هـ s.th. from the pocket); to bring out into the open, make public (هـ s.th.); to remove, extract (هـ s.th.); to eliminate (هـ s.th.); to expel, evict, exile, expatriate (ه s.o., من from a country); to dismiss, fire, remove (ه s.o., من from an office); اخرجه من ثروته (tarwatihī) to rob s.o. of his property, dispossess, expropriate s.o.; to give off, sound, emit (هـ s.th., e.g., a tone; said of a musical instrument); to set forth, state, express, utter, voice (هـ an opinion); to break (ريحا rīḥan wind); to educate, bring up (ه s.o.); to train (ه s.o.); to stage, produce (هـ a play; theat.); to bring out, make, shoot (رواية riwāyatan a film, said of a director); to except, exclude (هـ s.th., عن from); to pull out, extract (هـ s.th.); to select (هـ s.th.) V to be educated; to be trained (في in a school, college, also من; في in a field); to graduate (في from a school, from a college, also من ) VI to part company, separate; to disengage, disassociate, withdraw from one another; to cede, assign, transfer, make over (ل عن s.th. to s.o.) X to get out, move out, remove (هـ s.th., من from); to take out, draw (هـ s.th., من from); to pull out, extract (هـ s.th., من from); to mine, extract, recover (هـ mineral resources); to win, gain, make (هـ a product, من from); to copy, excerpt (A s.th., من from a book or document); to derive, draw, deduce, figure out, compute (من هـ s.th. from); to elicit (هـ s.th., e.g., astonishment, من from s.o.); to find out, discover (هـ s.th.)

خرج karj expenditure, outlay, expense(s), costs; land tax; s.th. appropriate or suitable, that which is s.o.’s due, which s.o. deserves, which s.o. needs; (eg.) ration (food); (pl. خروجات kurūjāat) trimming; edge, edging, piping; pl. lace; trimmings |هذا خراجك that’s what you need, what you deserve; خرج المشنقة k. al-mašnaqa one who deserves to be hanged

خرج kurj pl. خرجة kiraja saddlebag, portmanteau

خرجة karja pl. karajāt exit, departure; protrusion, protuberance, projection, salient part; (eg.) funeral

خراج karāj tax; kharaj, land tax (Isl. Law)

خراجي karājī of or pertaining to land tax; of or pertaining to the taxed and cultivable area

خرج kurāj (coll.; n. un. ة , pl. -āt) skin eruption; tumor, abscess

خروج kurūj exit; egression, emergence; departure; exodus; emigration; raid,

foray, sortie (على against), attack, assault (على on) | خروج عن الخط (kaṭṭ) derailment (of a train)

خريج kirrīj pl. -ūn graduate (of a school, college, or university) |مؤتمر الخريجين العرب mu’tamar al-k. al-‘arab Congress of Arab Graduates (a supra-national organization of university graduates advocating a unified Arab world)

مخرج makraj pl. مخارج makārij2 (place of) exit; way out (of a difficult situation), outlet, escape, loophole, shift, dodge, excuse; articulation (of a sound); O cathode (el.) |علم مخارج الحروف phonetics

تخريج takrīj education, training (in schools, colleges); raising, upbringing, rearing (of children); extraction; derivation, deduction; interpretation, exegesis

اخراج ikrāj taking out, moving out, removal; unloading, disembarkment, detrainment; emission; moving, carting away, hauling off; evacuation; publication, publicizing, bringing before the public; extraction, removal; elimination; dismissal, removal (from an office); ousting, expulsion, eviction, expatriation, banishment (from a country); excretion (biol.); finding out, discovery, figuring out; training, formation, education; direction, production, staging (motion pictures, theater) |تولى الاخراج (tawallā) to have the, direction (motion pictures, theater); من اخراج directed by (motion picture)

تخرج takarruj graduation (from a school or college)

تخارج takāruj separation, disassociation, disengagement, (mutual) withdrawal

استخراج istikrāj taking out, moving out, pulling out, removal; withdrawing; extraction, derivation, gaining (of industrial products, etc.), mining, recovery (of mineral resources); preparation of an extract; excerpting, copying; deduction, inference; solution (of a problem)

خارج kārij outer, outside, outward, exterior; external, foreign j outside, exterior (n.); foreign country or countries; quotient (arith.); karija (prep.) outside, out of خارجا kārijan outside |خارجا عن outside of, apart from; في الخارج abroad, in foreign countries; outside; الى الخارج abroad, to foreign countries; to the outside, outward, out

الخارجة El Khārga (town in central Egypt, in Khārga oasis)

خارجي kārijī outer, out- (in compounds), outside, outward, exterior, external; foreign; nonresident |عيادة خارجية (‘iyāda) policlinic; وزارة خارجية ministry of foreign (external) affairs, foreign ministry; تلميذ خارجي (tilmīd) a student not living at a boarding school, a day student

خوارج kawārij2 the Khawarij, Kharijites (the oldest religious sect of Islam); dissenters, dissidents, backsliders, rebels

مخرج mukrij pl. -ūn (screen or stage) director

مخرج mukraj excerpt, extract (from a book); مخرجات excretions (biol.)

متخرج mutakarrij pl. -ūn graduate (في or من of a school or college)

مستخرج mustakraj pl. -āt extract; excerpt (من from), partial copy (من of)

خرخر karkara to snore

1 خرد karida a to be a virgin, be untouched, innocent, chaste

خريدة karida pl. خرائد karā’id2, خرد kurud virgin; unbored pearl

2 خردة kurda scrap metal, scrap iron; pl. خردوات kardawāt notions, smallwares; small goods, smalls, miscellaneous small articles; (eg. also) novelties, fancy goods for ladies

خردجي kurdajī dealer in miscellaneous smallwares

خردق kurdaq, kurduq small shot, buckshot

خردل kardal (coll.; n. un. ة ) mustard seeds; mustard

خرز karaza I u to pierce, bore (هـ s.th.)

خرز karaz (coll.; n. un. ة ) pearls

مخرز mikraz pl. مخارز makāriz2 awl; punch

مخراز mikrāz awl; punch

1 خرس karisa a (karas) to be dumb mute; to become silent, keep silent, hold one’s tongue IV to silence, reduce to silence, gag (ه s.o.)

خرس karas dumbness, muteness

اخرس akras2, f. خرساء karsā’2 pl. خرس kurs, خرسان kursān dumb, mute

خرسان karsān2 dumb, mute

2 خرسان karasān, خرسانة karasāna concrete (béton) |O خرسانة مسلحة (musallaḥa) armored (or reinforced) concrete

خرشوف kuršūf (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. خراشيف karāšīf artichoke

خرص karaṣa u (karṣ) to guess estimate (هـ s.th.); to conjecture, surmise (هـ s.th.), form conjectures (هـ about); to tell an untruth, a falsehood, to lie V to fabricate lies (على against s.o.); to raise false accusations (على against s.o.)

خرص kirṣ, kurṣ, pl. خرصان kirṣān, kurṣān earring

خراص karrāṣ pl. -ūn Ii&!', slanderer, calumniator

خرط karaṭa u i (karṭ) to pull off, strip (هـ leaves from a tree); to turn, lathe, shape with a lathe (هـ wood, metal); to exaggerate, boast, brag, lie; -- u (eg.) to cut into small pieces; to mince, chop, dice (هـ meat, carrots, etc.) II (eg.) to cut into small pieces, mince, chop (هـ s.th.) VII to be turned. be lathed. be shaped with a lathe; to join, enter (في, في سلك fī silk an organization, a community), affiliate (في, في سلك with an organization, a community); to penetrate (في s.th. or into); to plunge headlong (في into), embark rashly (في upon); to labor, slave, toil |انخرط في البكاء (bukā’) to break into tears

خرط karṭ pulling-off (of leaves); دون ذلك خرط القتاد see دون turning, turnery

خراط karrāṭ pl. -ūn turner, lather; braggart, bluffer, storyteller

خراطة kirāṭa turner’s trade, turnery, art of turning

خراطة karrāta skirt (syr.)

خريطة karīṭa pl. خرائط karā’iṭ, خرط kuruṭ map, chart

مخرطة mikraṭa, makraṭa pl. مخارط makāriṭ2 lathe

خارطة kāriṭa pl. -āt map, chart

مخروط makrūṭ cone (math.); conic

مخروطي makrūṭī conic

خرطوش karṭūš, خرطوشة karṭūša pl. خراطيش karāṭīš 2 cartridge; lead (of a pencil); cartouche (arch.); daybook

خرطال karṭāl oats

خرطوم karṭūm pl. خراطيم karāṭīm2 proboscis, trunk (of the elephant); hose

الخرطوم al-karṭūm Khartoum (capital of the Sudanese Republic)

خراطين karāṭīn2 a kind of earthworm

خراطيني karāṭīnī wormlike, vermiform

خرطيط karṭīṭ rhinoceros

خرع karu‘a u (kur‘, خراعة kurā‘a) and kari‘a a (kara‘) to droop, be or become slack, limp, flabby; to be or become languid, soft, spineless, yielding VII do. VIII to invent, devise, contrive (هـ s.th.); to create. originate (هـ s.th.)

خرع kari‘ and خريع karī‘ soft, languid, yielding, spineless, devoid of energy, nerveless

خروع kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)

اختراع iktirā‘ pl. -āt invention

مخترع muktari‘ pl. -ūn inventor

مخترع muktara‘ pl. -at invention

خرف karifa a (karaf) to dote, be senile and feeble-minded; to drivel, talk foolishly

خرف karaf feeble-mindedness, dotage, senility; childishness (of an old man)

خرف karif and خرفان karfān feeble- minded, doting; childish; dotard

خريف karīf autumn, fall

خريفي karīfī autumnal

خروف karūf pl. خراف kirāf, اخرفة akrifa, خرفان kirfān young sheep, lamb, yearling; wether

خرافة kurāfa pl. -āt superstition; fable, fairy tale

خرافي kurāfī fabulous, fictitious, legendary

مخرفة makrafa prattle, drivel, twaddle, bosh

تخريف takrīf folly, delusion; foolish talk, drivel, twaddle, bosh, buncombe

مخرف mukarrif childish, foolish; (pl. -ūn) prattler, chatterbox, windbag; charlatan

خرفش kartaša to shuffle, mix (هـ s.th.)

خرفوشة karfūša pl. خرافيش karāfīš2 card of low value, discard (in card playing)

خرق karaqa I u (karq) to tear, rend, tear apart (هـ s.th.); to make a hole (هـ in); to perforate, pierce, bore (هـ s.th.); to penetrate (هـ s.th.), break, pass (هـ through s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (هـ s.th., a country); to violate, impair, infringe (هـ s.th.), encroach (هـ upon); to break (هـ a vow, and the like), commit a breach of (هـ ); to exceed the ordinary, be unusual, extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of |خرق العادة to go beyond what is ordinary or customary IV to lurk, lie in wait V and VII to be torn, be rent, be pierced, be broken VIII to pierce (هـ s.th.); to cut, break, pass' (هـ through s.th.), penetrate (هـ s.th.); to traverse, cross, transit (هـ s.th.), travel through s.th. (هـ ); to exceed (هـ e.g., a limit), go beyond s.th. (هـ) |اخترق مسامعه (masāmi‘ahū) to shrill in s.o.’s ears

خرق karq tearing, rending, laceration; piercing, boring, perforation; penetration; disruption; breakthrough; traversion, crossing, transit; violation, breach; (pl. خروق kurūq) hole, aperture, opening |خرق الأمن من العام k. al-amn al-‘āmm violation of public security; خرق العادة offense against common usage, violation of mores; اتسع الخرق على الراقع (ittasa‘a) the rent is beyond repair

خرق kurq and خرقة kurqa awkwardness, clumsiness; stupidity | خرق في الرأي (ra’y) stupidity; folly, madness; من الخرق في الرأي ان it would be very unwise to ...

خرقة kirqa pl. خرق kiraq tatter, shred; rag; scrap (of paper); polishing cloth; eraser (cloth)

اخرق akraq2 f. خرقاء karqā’2, pl. خرق kurq clumsy, awkward; stupid; irregular; illegal, illicit, unlawful

مخرقة makraqa trickery, sleight of hand, legerdemain, hocus-pocus, swindle

مخارق makāriq2 a kind of pastry (tun.)

اختراق iktirāq penetration; piercing, disruption; traversion, crossing, transit

خارق kāriq and (للعادة or) خارق العادة exceeding the customary, unusual, extraordinary, unprecedented, unheard-of; pl. خوارق kawāriq2 preternatural phenomena. miracles; that which transcends the conceivable or the rational | خارق الطبيعة supernatural; خوارق المصادفات k. al-muṣādafāt miraculous coincidences

مخترق muktaraq passage, passageway

خرم karama i (karm) and II to pierce (هـ s.th.), make a hole or holes (هـ in); to perforate (هـ s.th.) VII to be pierced, be riddled, be torn; to be deranged, unsettled, disorganized; to come to an end, run out, peter out, get lost VIII to destroy, annihilate (ه s.o.); to carry off, carry away (ه s.o., of death); to break (الصفوف the ranks), pass through s.th. (هـ )

خرم karm pl. خروم kurūm gap, blank (e.g., in a manuscript, or the like)

خرم kurm hole | خرم الابرة k. al-ibra eye of the needle

خرامة karāma drill, bit, auger, gimlet; punch, perforator

خرم akram2 having a perforated nasal septum

تخريم takrīm piercing, boring, drilling; perforation; punching; lace-making, lace-work

تخريمة takrīma lace, lace-work, openwork, filigree

انخرام inkirām state of unsettlement, disturbance, disorganization, derangement |انخرام في التوازن (tawāzun) disturbance of equilibrium

مخروم makrūm defective, incomplete (e.g., a manuscript)

مخرم mukarram perforated; done in openwork, in filigree

خرماشة kurmāša pl. -āt (ir.) harrow

خرنوب kurnūb carob, locust; carob bean, locust pod, St.-John’s-bread

خرنق kirniq pl. خرانق karāniq2 young hare, leveret

خروع kirwa‘ castor-oil plant, palma Christi (Ricinus communis; bot.)

1 خز kazza u to pierce, transfix (ه s.o.); to stab (ه s.o., ب with) VIII to pierce, transfix (ه s.o., ب with)

2 خز pl. خزوز kuzūz silk fabric

1 خزر kazara uto look askance (ه at s.o.), give s.o. (ه ) a sidelong glance

2 بحر الخزر baḥr al-kazar the Caspian Sea

خيزران kaizurān pl. خيازر kayāzir2 cane, reed; rattan; bamboo

خيزرانة kaizurāna cane, stick

خزع kaza‘a a (kaz‘) to cut, sever (هـ s.th.)

خزعبل kuza‘bal idle talk, bosh

خزعبل kuza‘bala pl. -āt idle talk, bosh; joke, jest, hoax; fib, yarn; cock and bull story

خزف kazaf pottery, earthenware; porcelain, china; ceramics

خزفي kazafī (made of) porcelain; porcelaneous, porcelain, china (adj.)

خزاف kazzāf dealer in chinaware; potter

خزافة kizāfa potter’s trade, pottery

خزق kazaqa i to pierce, stab, transfix (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to drive, ram هـ في الأرض s.th. into the ground); to tear, rend, rip apart (هـ s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (هـ s.th.) V and VII pass of I and II

خزق kazq rip, rent, tear, hole (in a garment)

خازوق kāzūq pl. خوازق kawāziq2 post, stake, pole; dirty trick |هذا خازوق that’s tough luck!

2 خوزق look up alphabetically

خزل kazala i (kazl) to cut off, sever (هـ s.th.); to hinder, prevent, hold back, restrain, keep (ه s.o., عن from) VIII to cut off, cut short, end abruptly (هـ s.th.); to shorten, abridge, abbreviate (هـ s.th.); to stand alone (ب with an opinion)

اختزال iktizāl abridgment, abbreviation; shorthand, stenography

مختزل muktazil stenographer

خزم kazama i (kazm) to string, thread (هـ pearls) | خزم انفه (anfahū) to pierce the nasal septum (of a camel) and insert the nose ring for the bridle; to make s.o. subservient to one’s will

خزام kizām, خزامة kizāma pl. خزائم kazā’im2 nose ring

خزامى kuzāmā lavender (bot.)

خزن kazana u (kazn) to store, stock, lay up, hoard, amass, accumulate; to keep secret, keep (هـ a secret) II and VIII to store, stock, lay up, warehouse (هـ s.th.); to store up, accumulate (هـ s.th.); to dam (هـ s.th.); to put in safekeeping, keep (هـ s.th.)

خزن kazn storing; accumulation, hoarding, amassing; storage, warehousing

خزنة kazna treasure house; safe, coffer, vault; wardrobe, locker; cupboard

خزانة kizāna pl. -āt, خزائن kazā’in2 treasure house; vault, coffer, safe; treasury, treasury department (of an official agency), any office for the deposit and disbursement of funds; locker, wardrobe, closet; cupboard; library |خزانة الدولة k. ad-daula and خزانة عامة (‘āmma) public treasury, exchequer; خزانة الثلج k. at-talj icebox, refrigerator; خزانة الكتب k. al-kutub bookcase; library; خزانة خصوصية (kuṣūṣīya) private library; خزانة الملابس wardrobe, closet, locker

خزينة kazīna pl. خزائن kazā’in2 treasure house; public treasury, exchequer; treasury, treasury department (of an official agency), any office for the deposit and disbursement of funds; cashier’s office; vault, coffer, safe; cashbox, till (of a merchant) | الخزينة الخاصة (kāṣṣa) (formerly) the Royal Privy Purse (Ir.); خزينة الدولة k. ad-daula public treasury, exchequer; خزينة راصدة, خزينة نقود راصدة cash register

خزان kuzzān pl. -āt, خزازين kazāzīn2 dam; reservoir; basin, sump, pool; storage tank (also for oil); - (pl. -ūn) storehouseman, warehouseman

مخزن makzan pl. مخازن makāzin2 storeroom, storehouse; depository; stock-room, storage room; depot, magazine, warehouse; store, shop, department store; المخزن al-makzan the Makhzan, the Moroccan government (formerly: govemmental finance department; Mor.) | مخزن ادوية m. adwiya drugstore; مخزن الاصدار m. al-iṣdār shipping room (com.); مخزن العفش m. al-‘afš trunk (of an automobile)

مخزني makzanī being under government control or administration. belonging to the government (Mor.) |املاك مخزنية (amlāk) government land (Mor.)

مخازني makāzinī pl. -īya native gendarme (Mor.)

مخازن makāzin2, مخازن الطريق m. aṭ-ṭarīq the nearest, shortest way, a short cut

مخزنجي makzanjī storehouseman, warehouseman

خزندار kazandār, kaznadār treasurer

تخزين takzīn storage, storing, warehousing; storing up, accumulation; damming

خازن kāzin pl. خزنة kazana, خزان kuzzān treasurer

مخزون makzūn stored, stored up, deposited, warehoused; (pl. -āt) stock, supply, stock in trade

خزي kaziya a (kizy, kazan) to be or become base, vile, despicable, contemptible; (خزاية kazāya) to be ashamed (من of); -- kazā i to disgrace, dishonor, discredit, put to shame (ه s.o.); to shame, abash, embarrass (ه s.o.) IV to humiliate, degrade, dishonor (ه s.o.); to shame, put to shame (ه s.o.) X to be ashamed

خزى kizy, kazan shame, disgrace, ignominy |يا للخزى ! yā la-l-kazā what a shame!

خزيان kazayān2 f. خزيا kazyā, pl. خزايا kazāya ashamed, shamefaced, abashed; shameful, disgraceful, scandalous, infamous, base, mean, vile

مخزاة makzāh pl. مخاز makāzin a shameful thing, a disgrace; reason for shame; pl. shameful things, disgraceful acts, infamies

مخزي makzīy ashamed, shamefaced, abashed; embarrassed, confused; المخزي the Devil

مخز mukzin disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, infamous

مخزية mukziya pl. -at disgraceful act, infamy

خس kassa (1st pers. perf. kasistu) a (خسة kissa, خساسة kasāsa) to be mean, base, vile; to become less, decrease, diminish, depreciate, fall in value; -- kassa u to lessen, reduce, diminish (هـ s.th.) II to lessen, reduce, diminish (هـ s.th.)

خس kass lettuce (Lactuca sativa; bot.)

خس kassa (n. un.) head of lettuce

خس kissa and خساسة kasāsa meanness, baseness, vileness

خسيس kasīs pl. اخساء akissā’2 mean, base, low, vile, despicable, contemptible, miserable

خسيسة kasīsa pl. خسائس kasā’is mean trick, infamy

خسأ kasa’a a (kas’) to chase away (ه s.o.); -- خسئ kasi’a a to be driven away, make off |خسئت kasi’ta beat it! scram! اخسأ اليك iksa’ ilaika do.

اخسأ aksa’2 baser, meaner, more despicable; weaker

خاسئ kāsi’ spurned, rejected, outcast; low, base, vulgar, despicable, contemptible; disgraceful, shameful, scandalous, infamous; futile, vain (attempt); weak, feeble, languid

خستكة kastaka indisposition

مخستك mukastak indisposed, unwell, sickly

خسر kasara a (kusr, خسار kasār, خسارة kasāra, خسران kusrān) to incur a loss, suffer damage; to lose, forfeit (هـ s.th.); to go astray, lose one’s way, get lost; to perish II to cause loss or damage (هـ to s.o.); to do harm (ه to s.o.); to destroy, ruin (هـ s.o.); to corrupt, deprave (ه s.o.)

IV to cause a loss (ه to s.o.); to shorten, cut, reduce (هـ s.th.) X to grudge (على or في s.o., s.th.), envy s.o. (على or في ) the possession of (هـ )

خسر kur loss, damage

خسران kusrān loss, damage, forfeiture; decline, deterioration; depravity, profligacy

خسارة kasāra pl. خسائر kasā’ir2 loss, damage; pl. losses, casualties (في in; mil.) | يا خسارة what a pity! too bad!

خسران kusrān (eg.) loser; affected by damage or loss

خاسر kāsir lost, hopeless; involving substantial losses; loser; depraved, corrupted; profligate, disreputable person, scoundrel

مخسر mukassir causing damage, harmful, noxious, injurious, detrimental

خسف kašafa i (kasf, خسوف kusūf) to sink, sink down, give way, cave in, disappear, go down; to be eclipsed (moon); -- i (kasf) to cause to sink, cause to give way | خسف الله به الأرض k. llāh bihī l-arḍa God made him sink into the ground, God made the ground swallow him up VII to sink, sink down, go down

خسف kasf baseness, ignominy, disgrace, shame; inferiority | سام خسفا sāma kasfan to humiliate, abase, degrade (.s.o.)

خسوف kusūf occultation (astron.); lunar eclipse

خش kašša i u (kašš) to enter (في s.th.)

خشاش kišāš vermin, insects

خشب II to lignify, become woody or woodlike; to line, face or cue with wood, to panel, wainscot (هـ 8 .tb.) V to lignify, become woody or woodlike; to become bard, still, firm, rigid; to stiffen, freeze (e.g., with panic)

خشب kašab pl. خشب akšāb wood, lumber, timber |خشب الأنبياء k. al-anbiyā’ guaiacum wood, lignum vitae

خشبة kašaba pl. –āt, اخشاب akšāb piece of wood; a timber; pale, post; plank, board |خشب الميت al-mayyit coffin; خشبة المسرح al-masraḥ stage (of a theater), على خشبة المسرح on the “boards”

خشبي kašabī wooden, woody, ligneous, made of wood; timber-, lumber- (in compounds)

خشاب kaššāb pl. ة lumber merchant

تخشيب takšīb paneling, wainscoting

تخشيبة takšība pl. -āt, تخاشيب takāšīib2 barrack, wooden shed

تخشب takaššub stiffness, rigor, rigidity; stiffening

متخشب mutakaššib frozen, rigid; stiff, bard, firm

خشت kušt pl. خشوت kušūt javelin

1 خشخاش kaškāš (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. خشاخيش kašākīš2 poppy

خشخش kaškša to clank, clatter, rattle; to rustle

خشخشة kaškaša pl. -āt noise; clank, clatter, rattle; rustle, rustling; crash

خشخشية (= شخشيخة ) rattle (toy)

خشارة kušāra leftover (of a meal); offal, refuse; a discard, a worthless thing

خشع kaša‘a a (خشوع kušū‘) to be submissive, be humble; to humble o.s.; to fade (voice) | خشع ببصره (baṣarihī) to lower one’s eyes II to humble, reduce to submission (ه s.o.) V to display humility; to be humble; to be moved, be touched

خشوع kušū‘ submissiveness, submission, humility

خاشع kaši‘ pl. خشعة kaša‘a submissive, humble

خشاف kušāf various fruits, stewed and waked in syrup or rose water, compote

خشكار kuškār coarsely ground grain, grits

خشكريشة kaškarīša scab, slough, scurf

خشم II to intoxicate, make drunk (ه s.o.)

خشم kašm nose; mouth; vent, outlet

خيشوم kaišūm pl. خياشم kayāšim2 nose; gills; also pl. خياشيم nose

خشن kašuna u (خشونة ) to be rough, coarse, crude; to be raw, uncut, unpolished II to roughen, coarsen, make crude (هـ s.th.) III to be rude, uncivil, boorish (ه to s.o.) V to display rough, rude, or coarse, manners; to be rough, uneven; to lead as rough life XII اخشوشن ikšaušana to be rough, coarse, crude; to lead a rough life

خشن kašin pl. خشان kišān rough, crude; coarse (as opposed to ناعم nā‘im); rude, unpolished, uncouth; tough, harsh (life); hoarse, raucous (voice) |خشن اللمس k. al-lams coarse to the touch, rough, uneven, wrinkled; خشن الخلق k. al-kulq uncouth, boorish; خشن القشرة k. al-qišra thick-shelled; الجنس الخشن (jins) the strong sex

اخشن akšan2, f. خشناء kašnā’2, pl. خشن kušn rough, tough, harsh, rude, uncouth

الخشناء al-kašnā’ the vulgar, uneducated people

خشونة kušūna roughness, coarseness; crudeness; rudeness

خشي kašiya a (kašy, خشية kašya) to fear, dread (ه s.o., هـ s.th., على for s.o. or s.th.), be afraid (ه of) II to frighten, scare, terrify, alarm (ه s.o.) V = I; VIII to be embarrassed; to be ashamed

خشية kašya fear, anxiety, apprehension |خشية من kašyatan min for fear of

اخشى akšā more timorous, more fearful; more to be feared. more frightening

خشيان kašyān2. f. خشيا kaāyā, pl. خشايا timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive

خاش kāšin timorous, timid, anxious, apprehensive

خص kašša u to distinguish, favor (especially, before others), single out (ه s.o.), bestow special honors (ه upon s.o., in preference to others); to endow (ب s.o. with), confer, bestow (ب upon s.o. s.th.); to apportion, allot, assign, accord, give, dedicate, devote (ب ه to s.o. s.th., in preference to others); with لنفسه to take possession (هـ of), demand (هـ s.th.; also خص به نفسه nafsahū); to be specifically associated (ه with s.o.), be characteristic (ه of s.o.), be peculiar (ه to); to apply in particular (هـ to), be especially valid (هـ for); to concern, regard (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), have special relevance (هـ to), bear (هـ on) |خصه بعنايته (bi-‘ināyatihī) to devote one’s attention to s.o., favor s.o. with one’s attention; خصه بالذكر (bi-d-dikr) to make special mention of s.o. or s.th.; واخص منهم (akuṣṣu) I mention, among them, especially (with foll. acc.); هذا لا يخصني this does not concern me, this is none of my business II to specify, particularize, itemize (هـ s.th.); to specialize (هـ s.th.), narrow, restrict (ل هـ s.th. to); to designate, destine, set aside, earmark, single out (ل هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. for a purpose); to devote in particular, dedicate, assign (ل هـ s.th. to); to allocate, allot, apportion (ل هـ s.th. to); to appropriate (ل هـ funds for); to reserve, held, withhold (ل هـ s.th. for); to tie down (ب ه s.o. to a special field) V to specialize (ل in, also ب or في in a scientific field); to devote all one’s attention (ل to s.th.); to apply o.s. (ل to), go in for s.th. (ل ); to be peculiar (ب to); to be chosen, destined, earmarked (ل for) VIII to distinguish, favor (ب ه s.o. with), confer distinction (ب ه upon s.o. by); to devote, give, accord, afford (ب ه to s.o. s.th., in preference to others); to dedicate (ب ه to s.o. s.th., e.g., one’s services); (with لنفسه ) to take exclusive possession (هـ of), claim, demand (هـ s.th.), lay special claim (هـ to; also اختص به نفسه nafsahu); to be distinguished, be marked (ب by); to possess alone, in distinction from all others, have above others (ب s.th.), have the advantage over others (ب that); to be peculiar (ب to); to concern, regard (ب s.th.), bear (ب on); to be pertinent, have relevance (ب to), have to do (ب with); to be duly qualified, be competent, have jurisdiction (ب in; e.g., an authority); to have as a special function or task (ب s.th.)

خص lettuce (bot.)

خص kuṣṣ pl. خصاص kiṣāṣ, اخصاص akṣāṣ, خصوص kuṣūṣ, hut, shack, shanty, hovel

خصة kaṣṣa jet of water

خصاص kaṣāṣ interstice, interval, crevice, crack, gap

خصاصة kaṣāṣa crevice, crack, interval, gap

خصيصة kaṣīṣa pl. خصائص kaṣā’iṣ2 special characteristic or quality, specialty, particularity, peculiarity

خصيصا kiṣṣīṣan particularly, especially, specifically

خصوص kuṣūṣ specialness; خصوصا kuṣūṣan especially, in particular, specifically |بخصوص, في خصوص and من خصوص (with foll. genit.) as to, concerning, regarding, with respect to, as regards; بهذا الخصوص and من هذا الخصوص in this connection, in this matter, in this respect, about this, concerning this; على الخصوص and على وجه الخصوص (wajhi l-k.) especially, particularly, in particular, specifically

خصوصي kuṣūṣī; special; private, personal

خصاصة kaṣāṣa poverty, penury, privation, destitution, want

اخص akaṣṣ2 more special, more specific |على الأخص especially; في الأخص do.

اخصاء akiṣṣā’2 intimate friends, confidante

اخصائي ikṣā’ī see2 خصى

تخصيص takṣīṣ specialization; specification, particularization, itemization; designation, destination (for a purpose); allotment, apportionment, allocation; reservation; (pl. -āt) appropriation, financial allocation; credit |على تخصيص and على وجه التخصيص specifically

تخصص takaṣṣuṣ specialization (esp., in a scientific field)

اختصاص iktiṣāṣ pl. -āt jurisdiction, competence; special province or domain, bailiwick (fig.); pl. prerogatives, privileges, monopolies; concessions (Intern. Law); ذو (ذات) الاختصاص ( duly qualified, authorized, responsible, competent; دائرة الاختصاص scope of competence, sphere of authority, jurisdiction, province, domain, field

اختصاصي iktiṣāṣī pl. -ūn specialist

خاص kaṣṣ special, particular; specific, peculiar; relative, relevant, pertinent (ب to), concerning (ب s.th.); earmarked, Designated, destined, set aside (ب for); especially valid or true (ب for), especially applicable (ب to), characteristic (ب of); distinguished; private; exclusive, not public |جريدة خاصة ب professional journal for ...; الخاص والعام (‘āmm) the special and the general; high and low, all people; الطبيب الخاص physician in ordinary

خاصة kāṣṣa pl. خواص kawāṣ2 exclusive property; private possession; specialty, particularity, peculiarity, characteristic, property, attribute; essence, intrinsic nature; leading personalities, people of distinction, الخاصة the upper class, the educated; kāṣṣatan and بخاصة bi-kāṣṣatin especially, in particular |في خاصة انفسهم fī k. anfusihim at the bottom of their hearts, deep inside

خاصية kāṣṣīya pl. -āt, خصائص kaṣā’iṣ2 specialty, particularity, characteristic, peculiarity, property, special attribute, feature, trait, qualification; prerogative, privilege; jurisdiction, competence

خويصة kuwaṣṣa (dimin. of خاصة ) one’s own business, private affair |يدخل في خويصة امري he meddles in my private affairs

مخصوص makṣūṣ special

مخصص mukaṣṣaṣ chosen, set aside, earmarked, designated, destined (ل for); allotted, apportioned, allocated; -- pl. مخصصات (financial) allocations; appropriations, credits; (daily) allowance; (food) rations | مخصصات اضافية (iḍāfīya) extra allowances; مخصصات الملك m. al-malik civil list

مختص muktaṣṣ pertaining, pertinent, relevant, relative (ب to); duly qualified, authorized, responsible, competent; special; pl. مختصات muktaṣṣāt competences | المقامات المختصة the competent authorities; الدوائر المختصة competent (or authoritative) quarters

خصب kaṣaba i and kaṣiba a (kiṣb) to be fertile (soil) II to make fertile (هـ s.th.); to fructify, fertilize (هـ s.th.) IV = I

خصب kaṣib fertility; abundance, plenty; superabundance, profusion

خصب kaṣib and خصيب kaṣīb fertile, productive, fat

خصوبة kuṣūba fertility

تخصيب takṣīb fructification, fertilization

اخصاب ikṣāb fertility

مخصبات mukaṣṣibāt fertilizers

مخصب mukṣib fertile, productive, fat

خصر kaṣira a (kaṣar) to become cold; to suffer from the cold III to clasp (ه s.o.) around the waist, put one’s arm around s.o.’s (ه ) waist VIII to shorten, condense, abridge, epitomize (هـ s.th.); to summarize (هـ s.th.)

خصر kaṣr pl. خصور kuṣūr hip, haunch, waist

مخصرة mikṣara pl. مخاصر makāṣir2 stick, baton, wand; mace, scepter

اختصار iktiṣār shortening, condensation, abridgment, summarization, epitomizing (of a statement); brevity |بالاختصار and باختصار briefly, in short, in a few words

مختصر muktaṣar shortened, condensed, abridged; brief, short; concise, terse, succinct; (pl. -āt) short excerpt, brief exposition, synopsis, outline, summary, abstract, epitome, compendium

خاصرة kāṣira pl. خواصر kawāṣir2 hip, haunch, waist | شوكة في خاصرته (šauka) a thorn in his side

خصف kaṣafa i (kaṣf) to mend, repair, sew (هـ a shoe)

خصفة kaṣfa pl. خصاف kiṣāf basket (made of palm leaves)

خصلة kuṣla pl. خصل kuṣal, -āt tuft; bunch, cluster; lock, wisp (of hair)

خصلة kaṣla pl. خصال kiṣāl quality, property, characteristic, peculiarity, trait; (natural) disposition

خصم kaṣama i to defeat (ه an opponent) in argument; to deduct, subtract (هـ s.th., من from): to discount (هـ a bill, a note III to argue, quarrel, dispute (ه with s.o.

to bring legal action (ه against s.o.), sue (ه s.o.), litigate (ه with); VI to quarrel, argue, have a fight; to go to law, carry on a lawsuit, litigate (مع with s.o.) VII to be deducted, be subtracted VIII to quarrel, argue, have a fight

خصم kaṣm pl. خصوم kuṣūm, اخصام akṣām adversary, antagonist, opponent; opposing party (in a lawsuit)

خصم deduction; subtraction; rebate; discount; pl. خصوم kuṣūm

liabilities (fin.) |سعر الخصوم si‘r al-k. discount rate, bank rate; خصم الكمبيالات k. al-kambiyālāt bill discount

خصيم kaṣīm pl. خصماء kuṣamā’2, خصمان kuṣmān adversary, antagonist, opponent

خصومة kuṣūma quarrel, argument, dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit

خصام kiṣām quarrel, argument, dispute, controversy, feud; lawsuit

مخاصم mukāṣim adversary, opponent, opposing party (in a lawsuit); antagonist; litigant

1 خصى kaṣā (خصاء kiṣā’) to castrate, emasculate (ه s.o.)

خصى kasīy pl. خصيان kiṣyān, خصية kiṣya a castrate, eunuch

خصية kuṣya pl. خصى kuṣan testicle

مخصى makṣīy castrated, emasculated

فرس مخصى (faras) gelding

2 اخصائي ikṣā’ī pl. -ūn specialist; expert (of a specialized field)

خض kaḍḍa (kaḍḍ) to jolt, jog (هـ s.th.); to shake (هـ s.th.); to frighten, scare (ه s.o.)

لبن خض laban kaḍḍ buttermilk

خضة kaḍḍa concussion, shock, jolt; fright, terror, fear

خضب kaḍaba i (kaḍb) to dye, color, tinge (هـ s.th.); -- kaḍaba i and kaḍiba a (خضوب kuḍūb) to be or become green (plant) II to color, tinge (هـ s.th.); to dye (هـ s.th) XII اخضوضب ikḍauḍaba to be or become green (plant)

O خضب kaḍb chlorophyll (biol.)

خضاب kiḍāb dye, dyestuff |O خضاب الدم k. ad-dam hemoglobin (biol.)

خضوب kuḍūb green, greenness, green color

خضيب kaḍīb dyed

خضخض ḳaḍkaḍa (خضخض ḳaḍkaḍa) to set in motion, upset, rock, shake (هـ s.th.)

خضخض kaḍkaḍa concussion, shock, jolt

خضد kaḍada i (kaḍd) to cut off, break off (هـ thorns) | خضد شوكته (šaukatahū) to tame s.o., hold s.o. in check, curb s.o.’s power

خضر kaḍira a (kaḍar) to be green II to make green, dye or color green (هـ s.th.) | خضر الأرض (arḍ) to sow the land, till the earth IX to be or become green XII اخضوضر ikḍauḍara = IX

خضر kaḍir green, verdant; verdure, greenery; young green crop (of grain)

الخضر al-kaḍir, al-kiḍir a well-known legendary figure

خضرة kuḍra green, greenness, green color; - (pl. خضر kuḍar) vegetation, verdure, greenery, greens; meadow; خضر vegetables

خضري kuḍarī greengrocer

خضار kaḍār green, greenness, green color; greens, herbs, potherbs

خضير kadīr green

خضارة kaḍāra greens, herbs, potherbs

خضار kaḍḍār greengrocer

اخضر akḍar f. خضراء kaḍrā’ pl. خضر kuḍr green |اتى على الاخضر واليابس (atā) to destroy everything, wreak havoc

الخضراء al-kaḍrā’ “the Verdant” (epithet of Tunis); the sky

خضراوات kaḍrāwāt vegetables; greens, herbs, potherbs

الخضيراء al-kuḍairā’ Paradise

O يخضور yakḍūr chlorophyll (biol.)

مخضرة makḍara meadow, lawn, turf, sod, greens, verdant land

مخضرات mukaḍḍarāt vegetables

خضرم kiḍrim pl. خضارم kaḍārim2 abundant, copious; well-watered, abounding in water; openhanded, generous, liberal, munificent

مخضرم mukaḍram designation of such contemporaries of Mohammed, esp. of poets, whose life span bridges the time of paganism and that of Islam; an old man who has lived through several generations or historical epochs

خضع kaḍa‘a a (خضوع kuḍū‘) to bow, defer, submit, yield, surrender (ل to s.o., to s.th.), humble o.s. (ل before), obey, follow (ل s.o. or s.th.); to be subject (ل and الى to a law, to a power, etc.), be under s.o.’s (ل or الى ) control II and IV to humble, subjugate, subdue, make tractable (ه s.o.); to submit, subject, expose (ل ه or هـ s.th. or s.o. to s.th.)

خضوع kuḍū‘ submission, obedience, humility, subjection

خضوع kaḍū‘ pl. خضع kuḍu‘ submissive, humble

اخضاع ikḍā‘ subjugation, subdual; subjection

خاضع kāḍi‘ pl. خضع kuḍa‘, خضعان kuḍ‘ān, kiḍ‘ān submissive, humble; obedient, pliant, tractable; subject, liable, prone (ل to s.th.)

خضل kaḍila a to be or become moist II and IV to moisten, wet (هـ s.th.) IX = I

خضل kaḍil moist, wet; juicy, succulent; refreshing, gay, lighthearted

خضم kaḍama i (kaḍm) to munch (هـ s.th., with a full mouth), bite (هـ into s.th.)

خضم kiḍamm vast (said of the sea); sea, ocean

خط kaṭṭa u (kaṭṭ) to draw or trace a line (على on); to draw, trace, sketch, design (هـ s.th.); to write, pen (هـ s.th.); to carve, engrave, inscribe (هـ s.th.); to outline, mark, trace out, prescribe (هـ ل for s.o. s.th.) | خط خطا (سطرا ) (kaṭṭan, satran) to draw a line; خطه الشيب (šaibu) his hair turned gray II to draw lines; to rule (هـ s.th.); to furrow, ridge (هـ s.th.); to mark with lines or stripes, stripe, streak (هـ s.th.); to pencil (هـ the eyebrows); to mark, designate, earmark, indicate (هـ s.th.); to demarcate, delimit, delineate, stake out, survey (هـ land, real estate); to layout, map out (هـ roads) VIII to trace out, mark, outline, prescribe (هـ a way); to mark, demarcate, delimit, stake out, delineate (هـ s.th.); to map out, plan, project (هـ e.g., the construction of a city); to make, design, devise (هـ a plan); to plan (هـ s.th.), make plans (هـ for)

خط kaṭṭ pl. خطوط kuṭūṭ line; stroke; stripe, streak; (railroad) line, line of communication; telephone line; frontline (mil.); furrow, ridge; handwriting; writing, script; calligraphy, penmanship |O خط ارضي (arḍī) ground wire (radio); O الخط الاسفيني (isfīnī) cuneiform writing; الخطوط الأمانية (amāmīya) the foremost lines, battle lines (mil.); خط بارز (bāriz) relievo script; خط تلفوني telephone line; خطوط جوية (jawwīya) airlines; خط حديدي (ḥadīdī) and خط سكة الحديد k. sikkat al-ḥadīd railroad line, railroad track; خط الزوال k. az-zawāl meridian (astron.; = خط نصف النهار k. niṣf an-nahār); O الخط المسماري (mismārī) cuneiform writing; خط الاستواء k. al-istiwā’ equator; خط الطول k. aṭ-ṭūl or خط طولي (ṭūlī) circle of longitude, meridian (geogr.); خط العرض k. al-‘arḍ or خط عرضي (‘arḍī) parallel (of latitude) (geogr.); خط تقسيم المياه k. taqsīm al-miyāh divide, watershed; خط القوة الكهربائية k. al-qūwa al-kahrabā’īya power lines; خط الهاجرة meridian (grogr.); خرج عن الخط to derail, run off the rails (train); على خط مستقيم (mustaqīm) straightaway, in a straight line; outright, out and out; على طول الخط (ṭūl al-k.) all along the line

خط kuṭṭ section, district, quarter (of a city)

خطي kaṭṭī handwritten; linear; spear

خطة kuṭṭa matter, affair; condition, state; office, function, position

خطة kiṭṭa, kuṭṭa pl. خطط kiṭaṭ, kuṭaṭ a place of land acquired for the purpose of building a house; a place of real estate, lot; district; map or plan of a place of real estate, layout; plan, project, design, intention; line of action, course, policy, rule, precept, guiding principle |خط العمل k. al-‘amal operation plan, work plan; طبقا لخطة مرسومة (ṭibqan) according to schedule, as scheduled or planned

خطاط kaṭṭāṭ pl. -ūn penman, calligrapher; -- tracing lines, leaving straight trace |فشك خطاط (fašak) or قذيفة خطاطة tracer bullet, tracer (mil.)

تخطيط takṭīṭ ruling, drawing of, or marking with, lines; lineation; designation, marking, earmarking; surveying, survey (of land); planning; projecting, mapping out, laying out (of cities, of roads); plan, design

رسم تخطيطي (rasm) rough draft, first sketch, design

مخطوط makṭūṭ handwritten; manuscript

مخطوط makṭūṭa pl. -āt manuscript

مخطط mukaṭṭaṭ striped, streaked, ruled; furrowed; designated, marked, earmarked; planned, guided, controlled; (pl. -āt) sketch, design, plan, layout; map (of a city)

خطئ kaṭI’a a (خطأ kaṭa’) to be mistaken; to commit an error, make a mistake; to sin II to charge with an offense, incriminate, declare guilty (ه s.o.); to accuse (ه s.o.) of an error or mistake; to fine (ه s.o.; tun.) IV to be mistaken, to err, commit an error, be at fault (في in); to be wrong (في about, in); to make a mistake (في in, with); to miss (ه s.o., e.g., a shot; هـ the target); to escape (ه s.o. or s.o.’s notice; a fact) | أخطأ فأله (fa’luhū) (his omen was wrong, i.e.) his expectations do not come true, are not fultilled; that’s where he is wrong, that’s where he made a mistake! أخطأه الشيء (šai’u) (lit.: the thing escaped him, missed him, i.e.) he lacked it; أخطأه التوفيق he failed, was unsuccessful; أخطأ في استنتاجاته he drew the wrong conclusions; أخطأ بين الشيئين he confused the two things, he mistook one thing for the other

خطء kiṭ’ slip, lapse, fault, offense, sin

خطأ kaṭa’ and خطاء kaṭā’ error; mistake, incorrectness; offense, fault; kaṭa’an erroneously, by mistake | من الخطأ ان ...it is (would be) wrong to …; اصلاح الخطأ iṣlāḥ al-k. corrigenda, errata, list of corrections; قتل الخطأ qatl al-k. accidental homicide (jur.)

خطيئة kaṭī’a pl. -āt, خطايا kaṭāyā mistake, blunder; slip, lapse; fault, offense; crime, sin; fine (tun.)

خاطئ kāṭi’ wrong, incorrect, erroneous; mistaken, at fault; (pl. خطاة kuṭāh, actually, pl. of colloq. kāṭī), f. خاطئة kāṭi’a pl. خواطئ kawāṭ’2 sinner

مخطئ mukṭi’ mistaken, at fault, wrong; incorrect, wrong, erroneous

خطب kaṭaba u (خطبة kuṭba, خطابة kaṭāba) to deliver a public address, make a speech; to preach, deliver a sermon (في الناس and الناس an-nāsa to the people); -- (kaṭb, خطبة kiṭba) to propose (ها to a girl; said of the man), ask for a girl’s hand (ها ) in marriage (ل on behalf of s.o.; said of the matchmaker); to give in marriage, betroth, affiance, engage (على or بنته ل one’s daughter to s.o.) |خطب ودها (wuddahā) and خطب مودتها (mawaddatahā) he courted her love III to address (ه s.o.), speak, talk, direct one's words (ه to s.o.), turn (ه to s.o., orally or in writing) |خاطبه بالتليفون to telephone s.o., call s.o. up; خاطبه بالكاف (bi-l-kāf) to address s.o. on an intimate first-name basis VI to talk to one another; to converse, confer, have a talk, carry on a conversation; to write each other, correspond, carry on a correspondence VIII to seek a girl’s (ها ) hand in marriage, ask for a girl’s hand

خطب kaṭb pl. خطب kuṭb matter, affair, concern, business; situation, conditions, circumstances; misadventure, mishap | ما خطبك what do you want? what’s the trouble? what’s the matter with you? ما خطبه في what concern of his is ...? what has he to do with ...? ما خطب ذلك what’s it all about?

خطبة kiṭba courtehip; betrothal, engagement

خطبة kuṭba pl. خطب kuṭab public address; speech; lecture, discourse; oration; sermon, specif., Muslim Friday sermon, khutbah | خطبة الافتتاح opening address

خطاب kiṭāb pl. -āt, اخطبة akṭiba public address, speech; oration; letter, note, message | خطاب ترحيب welcoming address; خطاب العرش k. al-‘arš speech from the throne; خطاب مستعجل (musta‘jil) express letter, special-delivery letter; خطاب تقدمة taqdima letter of introduction; O خطابات ذات القيمة المقررة (dāt al-qīma al-muqarrara) (= lettres avec valeur declarée) registered, insured letters (eg.); فصل الخطاب faṣl al-k. (in letters:) conclusion of the formal greetings by the words اما بعد amma ba‘du; conclusion, termination, end; decision; unmistakable judgment; بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب we’re through with one another once and for all

خطابي kiṭābī oratorical, rhetorical, speech-, lecturing (in compounds)

خطيب kaṭīb pl. خطباء kuṭabā’ (public) speaker; orator; lecturer; preacher, khatib; suitor (for the hand of a girl); fiancé

خطيبة kaṭība fiancée

خطابة kaṭāba preaching, sermonizing, oratory

خطابة kiṭāba rhetoric, oratory; speech, lecture, discourse

خطوبة kūṭūba courtship; betrothal, engagement

مخاطبة mukāṭaba pl. -āt address; public address, speech; proclamation; conversation, talk; conference, parley |مخاطبة تليفونية telephone conversation, telephone call

تختطب takāṭub conversation; talk, discussion; (inter)communication (also, e.g., telephonic, by radio, etc.) |لغة التخطاب lugat it-takāṭub colloquial language

خاطب kāṭib pl. خطباء kuṭabā’2, خطا kuṭṭāb suitor; matchmaker

خاطبة kāṭiba pl. خطاب kuṭṭāb woman matchmaker

مخطوبة makṭūba fiancée

مخاطب mukāṭab addressed, spoken to; (gram.) second person

اخطبوط look up alphabetically

خطر kaṭara i (خطران kaṭarān) to swing, wave, brandish (ب s.th.); to shake, tremble, vibrate; to walk with a (proud) swinging gait; to strut, parade haughtily; -- i u (خطور kuṭūr) to occur (ل to s.o.), come to s.o.’s (ل ) mind | خطر على باله (bālihī) the matter came to his mind, occurred to him, he recalled the matter (also في باله and بباله or. على باله); خطر له خاطر he had an idea; امر لم يخطر ببال (lam yakṭur bi-bālin) an unexpected matter, s.th. one wouldn’t dram of; -- kaṭura u (خطورة kuṭūra) to be weighty; to be important, significant; to be grave, serious, momentous, dangerous, perilous, risky, hazardous III to risk, hazard, stake (ب s.th. بنفسه one’s life); to incur the danger, run the risk (ب of), risk (ب s.th.); to bet, wager (ه s.o., على a stake) IV to notify, inform (ه s.o.), let (ه s.o.) know (ب about s.th.); to warn, caution (ه s.o.) V to walk with a lofty, proud gait; to stride, strut (with a swinging gait); to pendulate, oscillate, vibrate VI to make a bet (على against stake)

خطر kaṭar weightiness, momentousness; importance, consequence, significance; seriousness, gravity; -- (pl. -āt, اخطار akṭār) danger, peril, menace (على to); riskiness, dangerousness; risk; hazard; (pl. خطار kiṭār) stake, bet, wager |جليل الخطر of very great importance, momentous; ذو خطر dangerous, perilous; معرض للخطر (mu‘arraḍ) endangered, jeopardized; اشارة الخطر išārat al-k. alarm signal

خطر kaṭir dangerous, perilous, risky, hazardous; serious, grave, weighty, important, significant

خطر kaṭara pl. kaṭarāt pompous walk, strut; swinging gait; idea, thought, notion

خطار kaṭṭār pendulum (phys.)

خطير kaṭīr pl. خطر kuṭr weighty, momentous; important, significant; grave, serious |خطير الشأن of great importance

خطورة kuṭūra weight(iness), importance, moment(ousness); consequence, significance; gravity, seriousness

خطران kaṭarān swinging, oscillation, vibration

اخطر akṭar2 more dangerous, riskier; weightier, of greater consequence; more serious, graver

مخطرة look up alphabetically

مخاطر makāṭir2 dangers, perils

مخاطرة mukāṭara pl. -āt venture, risk, hazard

اخطار ikṭār notification, information; warning

خاطر kāṭir pl. خواطر kawāṭir2 ideas, thought, notion; mind; desire, inclination, liking |لأجل خاطرك (li-ajl) for your sake; من كل خاطر min'n kulli kāṭirin with all one’s heart, most gladly; عن طيبة خاطر ‘an ṭībati kāṭirin gladly, with pleasure; of one’s own free will, voluntarily; على خاطرك as you like; اخذ بخاطره to afford satisfaction to s.o., to comfort, reassure s.o.; اخذ على خاطر من to feel offended by, to take offense at; صدع خاطره ṣadda‘a kāṭirahū to trouble, bother s.o.; طمن الخواطر (ṭammana) to calm the excitement; مر بخاطره ان (marra) the thought crossed his mind that ...; اكراما لخاطرك (ikrāman) for your sake, to please you; سرعة الخاطر sur‘at al-k. presence of mind; سريع الخاطر quick-witted

مخاطر mukāṭir one who risks s.th., who takes a chance; daring, bold, venturesome

مخطر mukṭir dangerous, perilous, risky, hazardous

خطرف kaṭrafa (eg.) to be delirious,. to rave, to talk irrationally

خطرفة kaṭrafa delirium, raving

خطف kaṭifa a, kaṭafa i (kaṭf) to snatch, wrench or wrest away, seize, grab (هـ s.th.); to make off (هـ with s.th.); to abduct, kidnap (ه s.o.); to dazzle (البصر al-baṣara the eyes) V to carry away, sweep away (. s.o.) VI to snatch or seize (هـ s.th.) from one another VII to be snatched away, be wrested away; to be carried away, be swept away VIII to grab, seize, take forcibly (هـ s.th.); to snatch, wrest, wrench (من هـ s.th. from s.o.); to abduct, kidnap (ه s.o.); to run away, elope (ها with a woman); to make off (هـ with s.th.); to dazzle (البصر al-baṣara the eyes)

خطف kaṭf grabbing, forcible seizure, rape; abduction, kidnapping; خطفا kaṭfan rapidly, quickly

خطفة kaṭfa pl. kaṭafāt (n. vic.) a snatching away, a grab; sudden stirring, flash |في خطفة البرق (barq) instantly, in a trice, like a streak of lightning; خطفة من خطفات الشعور an impulse, a sudden emotion

خطاف kaṭṭāf rapacious; robber

خطاف kuṭṭāf pl. خطاطيف kaṭāṭīf2 (iron) hook; fishhook; (coll.; n. un. ة ) swift, a variety of swallow

خطيف kaṭīf pl. خطاطيف kaṭāṭīf2 iron hook

اختطاف iktiṯāf grabbing, forcible seizure, rape; abduction, kidnapping

خاطف kāṭif pl. خواطف kawāṭif2 ravenous; rapacious; rapid, prompt; quick, sudden; lightninglike; fleeting; short, brief |ذئاب خاطفة ravenous wolves; صورة خاطفة (ṣūra) snapshot; حرب خاطفة (ḥarb) Blitzkrieg

خطل kaṭila a (kaṭal) to talk nonsense IV do. V to strut, walk with a pompous gait; to walk with a proud, swinging gait

خطل kaṭal idle talk, prattle

خطل kaṭil garrulous, chattering, given to silly talk; stupid, foolish

خطم kaṭm nose, snout, muzzle (of an animal); front part (nose and mouth); foremost or first part; important matter |اطل مخطمة (aṭalla) approx.: to manifest its force, set in (e.g., of a disaster)

خطمي kiṭmī, kaṭmī (coll.; n. un. ة ) marsh mallow (Althaea officinalis; bot.)

خطام kiṭām pl. kuṭum noseband, halter (of a camel)

خطا (خطو ) kaṭā u (kaṭw) to step, pace, walk; to proceed, advance, progress |خطا خطوات واسعة (kaṭawātin) to take large strides, also fig. = to make extraordinary progress II and V to overstep, transgress (هـ s.th.), to cross (هـ s.th.), go or walk through s.th. (هـ ); to ford (هـ a river); to leave its banks, overflow (river); to cross, traverse (البحار the seas); to omit, disregard, ignore, pass by (ه so.); to go beyond s.th. (هـ ); to extend (الى to); to exceed, transcend (هـ s.th.); to excel, surpass, outstrip, outdo (ه s.o.); to proceed, pass (هـ through s.th., الى to), leave s.th. (هـ ) behind and turn to s.th. else (الى ); to disregard (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) in order to turn one’s attention to (الى) |تخطى به الى الامام (ilā l-amāmi) to promote, advance s.th. VII to step, pace, walk; to proceed, advance, progress

خطوة kaṭwa pl. kaṭawāt and kuṭwa pl. kuṭwāt, kuṭuwāt, خطى kuṭan step, pace, stride |سار في خطاه (kuṭāhū) to walk, or follow, in s.o.’s footsteps; تقدم خطوة فخطوة taqaddama kutwatan fa-kutwatan to proceed or advance step by step; اتخذ خطوة حاسمة (ittakada) to take a decisive step; خطوتان وقفزة kaṭwatan wa qafza hop, skip and jump (athlet.)

خطية kaṭīya (= خطيئة ) slip, lapse, transgression, fault, offense, sin

خطاة kuṭāh pl. of خاطئ kāṭi’ sinner

خف kaffa i to be light (of weight); to be slight, insignificant; to become lighter, decrease in weight, lose weight; to decrease in intensity, grow lighter (color); to be nimble, agile, quick; to hasten, hurry, rush (الى to) II to make lighter (هـ s.th.), reduce the weight of (هـ ); to ease, lighten, relieve, soften (هـ عن for s.o. s.th. difficult or oppressive, also هـ على; من s.th., e.g., s.o.’s situation); to lessen, decrease, reduce, diminish (هـ or من s.th.); to mitigate, alleviate, moderate, temper (ه or من s.th.); to thin, dilute (هـ e.g., a liquid); (gram.) to pronounce (هـ a consonant) without tašdīd |خفف عنك kaffif ‘anka! cheer up! be of good cheer! خفف من سرعتك kaffif min su‘atika! slow down! خفف الآلام عنه to soothe s.o.’s pains V to dress lightly; to disburden, relieve o.s. (of a burden); to rid o.s., free o.s. (من of s.th.); to hurry away (من from), leave (من s.th.) in a hurry X to deem (هـ s.th.) light; to value lightly, disdain, scorn, despise (ب s.o. or s.th.), look down (ب upon), think nothing (ب of), make light (ب of), set little store (ب by); not to take seriously (ب s.th.), attach no importance (ب to); to carry away, transport (ه s.o., e.g., joy)

خف kuff pl. خفاف kifāf, اخفاف akfāf shoe, slipper; -- (pl. اخفاف akfāf) camel hoof; foot (of the ostrich); sole (of the foot) | رجع بخفي حنين raja‘a bi-kaffai ḥunain to return with empty hands, without having achieved one’s mission; to accomplish nothing, fail, be unsuccessful

خفة `kiffa lightless (of weight); slightness, insignificance, triviality; sprightliness, buoyancy; agility, nimbleness; inconstancy, fickleness, flightiness, levity, frivolity | خفة الحركة k. al-ḥaraka, خفة في الحركة nimbleness, agility, quickness; خفة الدم k. ad-dam amiability, charm; خف الروح k. ar-rūḥ do.; خفة اليد k. al-yad manual skill, dexterity, deftness

اخف akaff2 lighter; lesser, slighter; weaker | اخف الضررين a. ad-ḍararain the lesser of two evils

خفاف kafāf, حجر الخفاف ḥajar al-k. pumice, pumice stone

خفان kuffān pumice, pumice stone

خفيف kafīf pl. خفاف kifāf, اخفاف akfāf, اخفاء akiffā’2 light (of weight); slight, little, trivial, insignificant; thin, scanty, sparse; nimble, agile, sprightly, lively; -- الخفيف name of a poetic meter |خفيف الحركة k. al-ḥaraka easily movable, very mobile; nimble, agile; خف الدم k. ad-dam amiable, charming; خفيف الروح k. ar-rūḥ likable, charming, winning, amiable; gay, in high spirits, cheerful; خفيف الظل k. az-zill likable, nice (person); خفيف العارضين k. al-‘āriḍīn having a thin beard; خفيف العقل k. al-‘aql feeble-minded, dimwitted; خفيف اليد k. al-yad nimble-fingered, deft; شاي خفيف weak tea

تخفيف takfīf lightening, easing; lessening, decrease, diminution; reduction; allaying, mitigation, alleviation, palliation, moderation; commutation (jur.); relief; thinning. dilution (e.g., of a liquid) |ظروف التخفيف extenuating circumstances (jur.)

استخفاف istikfāf disdain, scorn, contempt; levity, frivolity

ظروف مخففة ẓurūf mukaffafa extenuating circumstances (jur.)

مخفف mukaffaf thin, diluted

خفت kafata u (خفوت kufūt) to become inaudible, die down, die away (sound, voice); to become silent, become still III خافت بكلامه، بصوته (bi-kalāmihī, bi-ṣautihī) to lower one’s voice IV to silence, reduce to silence (ه s.o.) VIII = I

خفوت kufūt fading (radio)

خفت kāfit dying away, dying down, becoming silent; inaudible; faint, dying, fading, trailing off (sound, voice); soft, subdued (light, color)

مختفت muktafit soft, low, subdued

خفر kafara u (kafr, خفارة kifāra) to watch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th. or over s.o., over s.th.), guard, protect (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); -- kafira a (kafar, خفارة kafāra) to be timid, shy, bashful II = I kafara V = I kafira

خفر kafr watching, watch, guard(ing)

خفر kafar guard detachment, guard; escort | خفر السواحل coast guard (Eg.)

خفر kafar timidity, shyness, bashfulness, diffidence

خفر kafir bashful, diffident, timid, shy, embarrassed, coy

خفير kafīr pl. خفراء kufarā’2 watchman; protector, guardian; guard, sentry, sentinel

خفارة kafāra watch(ing), guard(ing), protection; guard duty

مخفر makfar pl. مخافر maḳāfir 2 guardhouse, guardroom; guard, control post | مخفر الشرطة m. aš-šurṭa police station

خافرة kāfira: خافرة السواحل k. as-sawāḥil coastguard cruiser (Eg.)

مخفور makfūr under escort, escorted; covered, sheltered, protected

خفس kafasa u (kafs) to ridicule, scorn (ه s.o.), laugh, mock (ه at); to destroy, demolish, tear down (ه a house)

خفش kafaš day blindness, hemeralopia

اخفش akfaš2, f. خفشاء kafšā’2, pl. خفش kufš day blind, hemeralopic; weak-sighted, afflicted with defective vision

خفاش kuffāš pl. خفافش kafāfiš2 bat (zool.)

خفض kafada i (kafḍ) to make lower (هـ s.th.); to lower, decrease, reduce, lessen, diminish (هـ s.th.); to lower, drop (هـ, من s.th., also, e.g., the voice); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant of a word with i; to put (هـ a word) in the genitive |خفض جناحه (janāḥahū)to unbend toward s.o., show o.s. open-minded, responsive, accessible to; -- kafuḍa u to be carefree, easy, comfortable (life); to sink, dip, drop, settle, subside; to become low, drop to an undertone (voice) II to lower, decrease, reduce (هـ s.th., price) |خفض عليك kaffiḍ ‘alaika! take it easy! خفض عليك جأشك (ja’šaka) cool off! calm down! relax! IV اخفض صوته (ṣautahū) he lowered his voice V and VII to sink, dip, drop, settle, subside; to be lowered, be reduced (price); to decrease, grow less; to be diminished

خفض kafḍ lowering, lessening, decrease, diminution, reduction; subduing, lowering, muffling (of the voice); curtailment, limitation, restriction; ease (of life); (gram.) pronunciation of the final consonant with i |خفض القيمة k. al-qīma devaluation (of a currency); خفض العيش k. al-‘aiš carefree, easy life; هو في خفض من العيش he lives in ease and comfort; خفض الصوت k. aṣ-ṣaut lowering of the voice; حرف الخفض ḥarf al-k. preposition (gram.)

خفض kafiḍ low, soft, subdued (voice)

تخفيض takfīḍ lowering, cutback, reduction (esp. of prices); diminution, decrease, lessening, curtailment, restriction, limitation

انخفاض inkifāḍ sinking, dropping, subsidence; lowering, reduction; lessen ing, decrease. diminution, decrement; dropping of the water level, low water |انخفاض جوي (jawwī) low-pressure area (meteor.)

مخفض mukaffaḍ lowered, reduced, low, moderate (price, rate); lower

منخفض munkafiḍ low (altitude, frequency, price, etc.); soft, low, subdued, muffled (voice) |الأراضي المنخفضة the Netherlands; -- munkafaḍ pl. -āt low ground; depression (geogr.)

خفق kafaāqa i u (kafq, خفقان kafaqān, خفوق kufūq) to vibrate; to tremble, shake; to beat, throb, palpitate (heart); to flutter, wave, stream (flag); to flap the wings, flutter (bird); to waver, flicker; -- (kafq) to flash (lightning); to beat, whip (ه s.th.; eggs, cream, etc.); to make the sound of footsteps (shoe); - (خفوق kufūq) to drop one’s head drowsily, nod off, doze off (خفق خفقة k. kafqatan); -- i (خفوق kufūq) to set, go down (celestial body) II to roughcast, plaster, stucco (هـ a wall) IV to flap the wings, flutter (bird); to set, go down (celestial body); to be unsuccessful, go wrong, fail, miscarry, come to nothing, be abortive; to fail, be unsuccessful (في in s.th.)

خفق kafq throb(bing) palpitation; beating, beat; footfall, footstep, tread (of a boot, of the foot)

خفقة kafqa pl. kafaqāt (n. vic.) beat, throb; tap, rap, knock; ticking noise, tick

خفقان kafaqān palpitation of the heart, heartbeat; throb(bing), beat(ing); fluttering, flutter

خفاق kaffāq palpitant, throbbing (heart); fluttering, waving, streaming (flag)

O مخفقة mikfaga whisk, eggbeater

اخفاق ikfāq failure, fizzle, flop, fiasco

خافق kāfiq palpitant, throbbing (heart); fluttering, waving, streaming (flag); الخفقان al-kafaqān East and West; الخوافق al-kawāfiq the cardinal points, the four quarters of the world

خافقي kāfiqī mortar, plaster, rough-cast; stucco

خفان see خف

خفى kafiya a to be hidden, be concealed; to be unknown (a fact; على to s.o.); to disappear, hide |لا يخفى ان it is well known that ...; as everybody knows ..., it is obvious that ; لا يخفى عليك you know very well ..., you are well aware (of it); -- kafā i to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.); to keep secret (هـ s.th.) IV to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.); to afford (هـ s.o.) a place to hide, shelter, hide (هـ s.o.); to keep secret (هـ s.th.); to disguise, conceal (هـ s.th., على or عن from s.o.) |اخفى الصوت to lower the voice, speak in an undertone V to hide, keep o.s. out of view; to disguise o.s. VIII to hide, keep o.s. out of view; to disappear, vanish; to be hidden, be unknown; to be lacking, be missing, be absent |اختفى عن الأنظار to be hidden or disappear from sight X to hide, keep o.s. out of view; to be hidden, be concealed; to be hidden from s.o.’s (عن ) view, become invisible (عن to s.o.), disappear from sight

خفي kafīy hidden, concealed; secret, unknown; unseen, invisible; mysterious |خفي الاسم k. al-ism anonymous; O انوار خفية (anwār) indirect lighting

خفية kufyatan, kifyatan secretly, clandestinely, covertly; خفية عنه without his knowledge

خفية kafīya pl. خفايا kafāyā a secret, a secret affair

خفاء kafa’ secrecy, hiddenness |في الخفاء secretly, clandestinely, covertly; لا خفاء في ان (kafā’a) it is quite evident, it is quite obvious that ...

اخفاء ikfā’ hiding, secretion; concealment; lowering of the voice

تخف takaffin disguise

اختفاء iktifā’ disappearance

خاف kāfin hidden, concealed; secret, unknown; unseen, invisible

خافية kāfiya pl. خواف kawāfin a secret; -- pl. الخوافى al-kawāfī the coverts, the secondaries (of a bird’s wing)

مخفي makfīy hidden, concealed

متخف mutakaffin disguised, in disguise

مختف muktafin hidden. Concealed, clandestine, covert, secret; disappearing, vanishing

مختفى muktafan hiding place, hide-out

خاقان look up alphabetically

خل kalla u (kall) to pierce, transfix (هـ s.th.) II to turn sour; to make sour, to sour, acidify (هـ s.th.); to pickle, marinate (هـ s.th.); to salt. cure with salt or in brine (هـ s.th.); to pick (هـ the teeth); to run the fingers (ه through s.th.), part, comb (هـ the hair, the beard, also with the fingers) III to treat (ه s.o.) as a friend IV to offend (ب against), infringe, transgress (ب s.th.); to violate, break (ب s.th., e.g., a rule, a custom); to fail to fulfill, fail to meet (ب an agreement); to forsake, desert, abandon (ب s.o., s.th.); to disturb, upset, harm, prejudice (ب s.th.) V to be, lie or come between s.th. (هـ ; also in time), intervene (هـ between); to be located or situated, be Interposed, be placed (هـ between); to Permeate, pervade, interpenetrate (هـ s.th.), mix, mingle, blend (هـ with) VIII to be or become defective; to be in disorder, be faulty, deficient, imperfect; to become disordered; to be upset, be unbalanced; to be disturbed (order, system) |اختلت الشروط the conditions are not fulfilled; اختل توازنه (tawāzunuhū) to lose one’s balance, become unbalanced; اختل عقله (‘aqluhū) to be mentally deranged

خل kall vinegar

خل kill, kull pl. اخلال aklāl friend, bosom friend

خلل kalal pl. خلال kilāl gap, interval, interstice; cleft, crack, rupture, fissure; a defective, unbalanced state, imbalance; defectiveness, imperfection; fault, flaw, defeat, shortcoming; disturbance, upset, disorder; damage, injury, harm (that s.th. suffers or suffered); خلال kilāla during; between; through |في خلل fī kalali and في خلال fī kilāli during; in the course of, within, in a given period of; في خلال ذلك meanwhile, in the meantime; من خلال min kilāli across, through, right through the middle of; out of, from within; (to judge, reason, draw conclusions, etc.) by, on the basis of, on the strength of, (to recognize) from

خلة kalla need, want, luck; -- (pl. خلال (kilāl) property, attribute, peculiarity; characteristic; natural disposition

خلة kulla pl. خلل kulal friendship

خلال kilāl pl. اخلة akilla boring or drilling implement; peg, pin; spit, skewer; (also خلالة pl. -āt) toothpick; see also خلل kalal

خليل kalīl pl. اخلاء akillā’2, خلان kullān friend, bosom friend; lovers; الخليل Hebron (town in Jordanian Palestine) |خليل الله epithet of Abraham

خليلة kalīla pl. -āt girl friend, woman friend; sweetheart, paramour

ام الخلول umm al-kulūl river mussel (zool.)

اخلال iklāl pl. -āt breach, infraction, violation (of a law, of a treaty, and the like); offence (against), transgression, infringement (of); disturbance (of an order, of a system); impairment, injury, harm (to); average, damage, by sea |مع عدم الاخلال ب (‘adami l-i.) without prejudice to, without detriment to اختلال iktilāl deficiency, defectiveness, imperfection; (a falling into) disrepair, deterioration; faultiness; disturbance (of a system, of a function, of the equilibrium, etc.); disorder, confusion

مخلل mukallal pickled; salted; (pl. -āt) pickles, pickled vegetables

مخل mukill disgraceful, shameful |مخل بالآداب immoral, indecent, improper

خلب kalaba i u (kalb) to seize with the claws, clutch (هـ s.th.), pounce (هـ on); -- u (خلابة kilāba) to cajole, coax, wheedle (ه s.o.); to inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (ه s.o., عقله ‘aqlahū s.o.’s mind); to charm, fascinate, captivate (ه s.o.) III to cajole, wheedle, coax. inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (ه s.o.) VIII to seize with the claws, clutch (هـ s.th.), pounce (هـ on); to cajole, inveigle, beguile, bewitch, enchant (ه s.o.)

خلب kilb pl. اخلاب aklāb fingernail, claw, talon

برق خلب barqun kallābun and barqu kullabin lightning without a downpour; a disappointing, disillusioning matter; خلب and خلب من برق delusion, illusion

خلبي kullabī: فشك خلب (fašak) blank cartridges (Syr.; mil.)

خلاب kallāb gripping, captivating, fascinating; attractive, engaging, winning; tempting, enticing; fraudulent, deceitful; deceptive, delusive, fallacious

خلابة kilāba engaging manners, attractiveness, charm

مخلب miklab pl. مخالب makālib claw, talon

خالب kālib = خلاب kallāb

خلبص II kalbaṣa (eg.) to clown

خلبوص kalbūṣ pl. خلابيص kalābīṣ2, خلابصة kalābiṣa (eg.) clown, buffoon, harlequin

خلج kalaja i and III to be on s.o.’s (ه ) mind, trouble, preoccupy, prepossess (ه s.o., s.o.’s mind; said of worries, doubts, etc.); to pervade, fill (ه s.o.; said of a feeling) | خالج قلبه (qalbahū) to be uppermost in s.o.’s heart V to be shaken, be convulsed, be rocked VIII to quiver, tremble, quake, shake; to twitch (eye, limb, body); to animate, move, stir, inspire, fill, pervade, possess (هـ, في the heart; said of a feeling) | اختلج غما (gamman) to be filled with sorrow, with grief (heart)

خلجة kalja pl. ka1ajāt emotion, sentiment; scruple, qualm, misgiving

خليج kalīj pl. خلج kulj, خلجان kuljān bay, gulf; canal; الخليج name of Cairo’s ancient city canal which was abandoned and leveled at the end of the 19th century |الخليج الفارسي the Persian Gulf

خلاج kilāj misgiving, doubt, scruple, qualm

اختلاجة iktilāja (n. vic.) convulsion, jerk, twitch; tremor

خالجة kālija pl. خوالج kawālij2 emotion, sentiment; scruple, qualm; idea

خلخل kalkala to shake, convulse, rock (هـ s.th.); to rarefy (هـ s.th., e.g., air; chem.- phys.) II takalkala to be shaken, be rocked; to come off, become disjointed, become detached; to become loose, work loose; to be or become rarefied (chem.- phys.)

خلخل kalkal pl. خلاخل kalākil2 anklet

خلخال kalkāl pl. خلاخيل kalākīl 2 anklet

تخلخل takalkul rarefication

مخلخل mukalkal and متخلخل mutakalkil rarefied

خلد kalada u (خلود kulūd) to remain or last forever, be everlasting; to be immortal, deathless, undying; to abide forever (الى or ب in, with); to remain, stay (الى or ب or ل at a place) | خلد الى الراحة to rest, relax; خلد الى النوم to lie down to sleep II to make eternal or everlasting, perpetuate, eternalize (هـ s.th.), make immortal, immortalize (هـ s.o.); to make ineffaceable, unforgettable (هـ s.th.; a memory); to remain, stay, abide, linger (ب at, in a place); to grow very old, enjoy a long life, be long-lived IV to eternize, immortalize, make immortal (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to perpetuate (هـ s.th.); to remain, stay, abide, linger (الى or ب at, in a place) to be disposed, incline, lean, tend (الى to) V to become eternal or immortal, perpetuate o.s. j to be or become long, lasting, perpetual

خلد kuld infinite duration, endless time, perpetuity, eteruity | دار الخلد Paradise, the hereafter

خلد kuld mole (zool.)

خلد kalad, pl. اخلاد aklād mind, heart, spirit, temper

خلود kulūd infinite duration, endless time, perpetuity, eternity; eternal life, immortality; abiding, remaining, staying

تخليد taklīd perpetuation, eternization, immortalization

خالد kālid everlasting, perpetual, eternal; immortal, deathless, undying; unforgettable, glorious; pl. خوالد kawālid2 mountains |الجزائر الخالدات the Canary Islands

مخلد muklid disposed, inclined, tending (الى to)

خلس kalasa i (kals) to steal (هـ s.th.); to pilfer, filch, swipe, purloin (هـ s.th.) III خلسه النظر (naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o. VIII to steal, pilfer, filch, swipe (هـ s.th.); to get under false pretenses or by crooked means (هـ s.th.); to embezzle, misappropriate (هـ s.th.); to spend secretly (هـ hours) |اختلس الخطى الى (kuṭā) to sneak up on s.o.; اختلس النظر الى (في ) to glance furtively at s.o.

خلسة kulsatan by stealth, stealthily, surreptitiously, furtively

خلاسي kilāsī mulatto, bastard

اختلاس iktilās pl. -āt embezzlement, misappropriation, defalcation

مختلس muktalis embezzler, defalcator

خلص kalaṣa u (خلوص kulūṣ) to be pure, unmixed, unadulterated; to belong (ل to s.o.); to get, come (الى to), arrive (الى at); -- (خلاص kallāṣ) to be or become free, be freed, be liberated (من from), be cleared, get rid (من of); to be saved, be rescued, escape (من from); to be redeemed, be delivered, attain salvation (Chr.); -- (colloq.) to be finished, be done, be through, be over; to be all gone II to clear, purify, refine, purge, rectify (هـ s.th.); to clarify (هـ a situation); to liberate, free, save, rescue (ه s.o., من from), rid (. s.o., من of); to redeem, deliver (Chr.); to prepay the postage (على on); to pay duty (على البضائع on merchandise), clear (على goods); to settle (هـ a bill); (colloq.) to finish (هـ s.th.) |خلص حقه (ḥaqqahū) to restore one’s right, secure one’s due III to act with integrity, with sincerity (ه toward s.o.), treat (ه s.o.) fair and square; to get even, become quits (ه with s.o.) IV to dedicate (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.); to be loyal (ل to s.o.); to be devoted, be faithful (ل to) |اخلص له الحب (ḥubba) to love s.o. dearly; اخلص لله دينه (li-llāhi dīnahū) to worship God faithfully and sincerely V to rid o.s. (من of), free o.s. (من from), get rid (من of); to be freed, be delivered, be saved, be rescued, escape (من from) VI to act with reciprocal integrity and sincerity; to be quits, be even X to extract (هـ s.th., من from); to copy, excerpt (هـ s.th., من from); to abstract, take, gather, work out (هـ s.th., as the quintessence, من of); to deduce, infer, derive (من s.th., من from); to discover, make out, find out (هـ s.th.); to select, choose (هـ s.th.) ; to demand payment of a sum (هـ ) and get it (من from s.o.) |استخلص فائدة من to derive profit from, profit, benefit from; استخلص منه وعدا (wa‘dan) to exact a promise from s.o.

خلاص kalāṣ liberation, deliverance, riddance; rescue, salvation (من from); redemption (Chr.); payment, settlement, liquidation (of a bill); receipt; placenta, afterbirth

خلاصة kulāṣa pl. -āt excerpt; extract, essence; quintessence, substance, gist (of s.th.); abstract, resume, summary, epitome; synopsis |خلاصة نهائية (nihā’īya) summation (jur.); الخلاصة اللاهوتية (al-lāhītīya) the “summa theological” (of Thomas Aquinas); خلاصة عطرية (‘iṭrīya) perfume essence; والخلاصة in short, briefly, in a word (introducing a summary of the basic ideas)

خليص kalīṣ, pl. خلصاء kulaṣā’2 pure, clear, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, faithful, loyal; loyal adherent

خلوص kulūṣ clearness, purity; sincerity, candor; frankness

خلاص kallāṣ (magr.) tax collector

مخلص maklaṣ safe place; refuge, escape, rescue, salvation, deliverance

تخليص taklīṣ clearing, purification, refining, rectification; clarification; liberation, extrication, deliverance, rescue, salvation; payment, settlement, liquidation; prepayment of postage (على on); customs clearance, payment of duty (على البضائع on merchandise; also تخليص البضائع )

مخالصة mukālaṣa pl. -āt receipt

اخلاص iklāṣ sincere devotion, loyal attachment, sincere affection; sincerity, frankness, candor; loyalty, faithfulness, fidelity, allegiance (ل to)

تخلص takalluṣ freedom, liberation, release, extrication, escape (من from)

استخلاص istiklāṣ extraction; excerption; derivation, deduction; selection; collecting (of a sum of money)

خالص kāliṣ pl. خلص kullaṣ clear; pure, unmixed, unadulterated; sincere, frank, candid, true; free, exempt (من from) |خالص الأجرة k. al-ujra post-free; خالص الرد k. ar-radd prepaid, reply paid for (telegram); خالص من الكمرك (gumrug) dutyfree; خالص الضريبة tax-exempt

مخلص mukalliṣ liberator; Savior, Redeemer (Chr.)

مخلص (عليه ) mukallaṣ (‘alaihi) postage paid

مخلص mukliṣ devoted; sincere, frank, candid; loyal; faithful (ل to s.o., to s.th.); purehearted, virtuous, righteous; المخلص (in letters) approx.: yours truly …, sincerely yours ...

مستخلص mustaklaṣ pl. -āt extract, excerpt

خلط kalaṭa i (kalṭ) to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (ب هـ s.th. with); to confuse, confound, mix up (بين two things; بين – وبين s.th. with), mistake (بين -- و s.th. for) II to mix, mingle, commingle, blend (هـ s.th.); to cause confusion III to mix, mingle, blend, merge, fuse (هـ with s.th.); to meddle (هـ in), interfere (هـ with); to mix, associate (ه with s.o.); to have to do (ه with s.o.) |خالط نفسه (nafsahū) to befall, attack s.o. (pain, etc.); خولط في عقله kūliṭa fī ‘aqlihi to be or become disordered in mind VIII to be mixed, mix, mingle, form a mixture or blend; to consist of a heterogeneous mixture, be motley, promiscuous; to associate, be on intimate terms (ب with); to be or become confused, get all mixed up

خلط kalṭ mixing, blending; combination; mingling, commingling (ب with); confusing, confounding, mistaking, mix-up, confusion

خلط kilṭ pl. اخلاط aklāṭ component of a mixture; ingredient; pl. mixture, blend | اخلاط الانسان the four humors of the human body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile); اخلاط من الناس common people, populace, rabble, riffraff, mob; خلط ملط kilṭ milṭ, kalṭ malṭ motley, pell-mell, promiscuously

خلطة kalṭa mixture, blend, medley

خلطة kulta company; mixture

خلاط and خلاطة kallāṭa pl. -āt mixer, mixing machine

خليط kalīṭ mixed, blended; motley, heterogeneous, promiscuous; mixture, blend (من of); medley, hodgepodge; (pl. خلطاء kulaṭā’2) associate, companion, comrade

تخليط taklīṭ pl. -āt insanity; delirium

مخالطة mukālaṭa company, intercourse, association

اختلاط iktilāṭ (process of) mixing, blending; mingling, commingling; confusion; mental disorder; (social) intercourse, association, dealings (ب with)

مخلوط maklūṭ pl. مخاليط makālīṭ2 mixture, blend; alloy

مخلط mukallaṭ confused, disordered

مخالط mukālaṭ stricken, afflicted (ب e.g., by a disease)

مختلط muktaliṭ mixed | المحاكم المختلطة the mixed courts, see محكمة; تعليم مختلط coeducation

خلع kala‘a a (kal‘) to take off, put off, slip off (هـ a garment); to doff, take off (طربوشة one’s tarboosh); to extract, pull (هـ a tooth); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (هـ a joint); to depose, remove, dismiss, discharge (ه s.o., من from an office); to renounce, forgo, give up (هـ s.th.), withdraw (هـ from); to throw off, cost off (عذاره ‘idārahū one’s restraint, one’s inhibitions); to refuse (الطاعة obedience); to disown, repudiate (ابنه one’s son); to divorce (ها one’s wife) in return for a compensation to be paid by her; to get through, have done (هـ with s.th.), be through, have gone through s.th. (هـ , e.g., a hard day); to impart (على هـ s.th. to); to confer, bestow (على هـ s.th. upon s.o.), grant, award (على هـ s.th. to s.o.) | خلع ثيابه (tiyābahū) to undress; خلعه من العرش (‘arš) to dethrone s.o.; خلع عليه خلعة (kil‘atan) to bestow a robe of honor upon s.o.; خلع على نفسه حق (ḥaqqa) to arrogate to o.s. the right of ...; -- kalu‘a u (خلاعة kalā‘a) to be dissolute, morally depraved II to take away, remove, displace, dislocate (هـ s.th.); to knock out of joint, take or break apart (هـ s.th.); pass. kulli‘a to fall to pieces, get out of joint III to divorce (ها one’s wife, in return for a compensation to be paid by her) V to go to pieces, fall apart, break; to become or be luxated, dislocated (joint); to take a vacation in the country (tun.) | تخلع في الشراب (šarāb) to be addicted to drinking, drink heavily VII to be displaced, be dislocated, be removed; to be divested, be deprived, be stripped (من of s.th.), forfeit, lose (من s.th.) | انخلع قلبه (qalbuhū) he was completely taken aback, he was alarmed, startled

خلع kal‘ slipping off, taking off (of clothes); deposition (e.g., of a ruler); dislocation, luxation |خلع الأسنان extraction of teeth

خلع kul‘ khula, divorce at the instance of the wife, who must pay a compensation (Isl. Law)

خلعة kil‘a pl. خلع kila‘ robe of honor

خليع kalī‘ pl. خلعاء kula‘a’2 deposed, dismissed, discharged (from an office); repudiated, disowned; wanton, dissolute, dissipated, profligate, morally depraved

خلاع kallā‘ wild, unruly, wanton, shameless, impudent

خلاعة kalā‘a dissoluteness, dissipation, profligacy, wantonness, licentiousness, moral depravity; (tun.) recreation in the country, summer vacation

خولع kaula’ fool, dolt, simpleton

خالع kāli‘: خالع العذار k. al-‘idār unrestrained, ;uninhibited, wanton; libertine, debauchee, roué, rake

مخلوع maklū‘ unrestrained, uninhibited, wanton; wild, unruly; reckless, heedless, irresponsible; crazy, mad

خلف kalafa u to be the successor (ه of s.o.), succeed (ه s.o.): to follow (ه s.o.), come after s.o. (ه ): to take the place of s.o. (ه ), substitute (. for s.o.): to replace (ه s.o., هـ s.th.): to lag behind s.o. (عن ): to stay behind (عن after s.o.’s departure); to be detained, be held back, be kept away, stay away (من from) II to appoint as successor (ه s.o.); to leave behind, leave (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to have descendants, have offspring III to be contradictory, contrary, opposed (هـ to): to conflict, clash, be at variance (هـ with); to contradict (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to be different, differ, diverge (هـ from), be inconsistent, incompatible, not in keeping, not to harmonize (هـ with); to offend (هـ against a command, a rule), break, violate, disobey (هـ a command, a rule) IV to leave (ه offspring, children); to compensate, requite, recompense (على s.o.; said of God): to break, fail to keep (وعده wa‘dahū one’s promise), go back on one’s word; to disappoint (الرجاء ar-rajā’a the hopes) V to stay behind; to lag or fall behind (عن ); to stay, stay on, remain; to fail to appear or show up; to play truant; to be absent; to stay away (عن from), not go (عن to), not attend (عن s.th.) |تخلف عن المجيء (majī’) to fail to come or arrive; تخلف عن العودة (‘auda) not to return VI to disagree, differ, be at variance; to differ in opinion, be of a different mind VIII to differ, be different, vary (عن from); to be varied, varying, variable, various, diverse, dissimilar; to vary (بين between); to disagree, differ in opinion, be at variance, argue, quarrel, dispute (في about); to come or go frequently (الى to), frequent, patronize (الى a place), visit frequently (الى s.o., s.th.), come and go (الى at); to come, descend (على upon s.o.; said of afflictions), befall, overtake (على s.o.) X to appoint as successor or vicar (ه s.o.)

خلف kalf back, rear, rear part or portion; successors; kalfu and من خلف min kalfu (adv.) at the back, in the rear; kalfa (prep.) behind, after, in the rear of | جرى خلفها he ran after her: من خلف min kalfi behind, in the rear of; من الخلف from behind, from the rear; الى الخلف to the rear, backward, back; الى خلف الشيء in the wake of s.th.; في الخلف in the rear; at the back, in the background

خلفي kalfī rear, hind, hinder, back

خلف kilf pl. اخلاف aklāf test, nipple, mammilla

خلف kulf dissimilarity, disparity, difference, contrast, variance, discrepancy

خلف kalaf pl. اخلاف aklāf substitute; successor; descendant, offspring, scion

خلفة kilfa dissimilarity, disparity, difference; that which follows s.th. and replaces it (e.g., second growth of plants, day and night, etc.)

خليفة kalīfa pl. خلفاء kulafā’2, خلائف kalā’if2 vicar, deputy; successor; caliph; (formerly) senior official of the native administration in Tunis, assigned to a قائد (formerly) title of the ruler of Spanish Morocco

المنطقة الخليفية al-minṭaqa al-kalīfīya the Caliphate Zone (formerly, designation of Spanish Morocco)

خلافة kilāfa vicarship, deputyship; succession; caliphate, office or rule of a caliph: (formerly) administrative department of a خليفة (Tun.), see above

مخلاف miklāf pl. مخاليف makālīf2 province (Yemen)

خلاف kilāf pl. -āt difference, disparity, dissimilarity; divergence, deviation; contrast, contrariety, incongruity, contradiction, conflict; disagreement, difference of opinion (على or في about); dispute, controversy; kilāfa (prep.) beside, apart from, aside from |خلافه kilāfuhū (= غيره ) other, the like, خلافهم others (than those mentioned), وخلافه and the like (after an enumeration); بخلاف bi-kilāfi beside, apart 'from, aside from; contrary to, as opposed to, unlike; خلافا ل kilāfan li contrary to, against, in contradiction to; على خلاف ذلك unlike that, contrary to that, on the contrary, on the other hand

خلافي kilāfī controversial, disputed

مخالفة mukālafa pl. -āt contrast, contrariety; contradiction, inconsistency; contravention, infringement, violation; misdemeanor (jur.; as distinguished from جنحة and جناية ); fine (for a misdemeanor)

تخلف takalluf staying away, nonappearance, nonattendance, nonpresence, absence, truancy (also تخلف عن الحضور ); staying behind, staying on; stopover (railroad); backwardness

اختلاف iktilāf pl. -āt difference, dissimilarity, disparity; diversity, variety; variant, variation; difference of opinion, disagreement; controversy |الرعية على اختلاف المذاهب الدينية (ra‘īya, dīnīya) the subjects of every (= irrespective of their) religious denomination; على اختلاف احزابهم whichever party they may belong to; الفواكه على اختلافها all the different fruits, fruits of every kind

مخلوفة maklūfa pl. -āt camel saddle

مخلف mukallaf left, left behind; left over; pl. مخلفات heritage, legacy, estate; scraps, leftovers

مخالف mukālif divergent, varying, different; inconsistent, incompatible, contradictory, contrasting, conflicting; transgressor (of a command)

متخلف mutakallif residual; left over; retarded, backward, underdeveloped (mentally, in growth, etc.); pl. -ūn one left behind; straggler; pl. متخلفات heritage, legacy, estate; leftovers; scraps, refuse, offal |اتربة متخلفة (atriba) waste material, overburden, superstratum (in mining); المياه المتخلفة (miyāh) waste water, sewage

مختلف muktalif different, varying, divergent (من from); varied, various, diverse; having a different opinion, disagreeing (في or على about)

مختلف فيه (عليه ) muktalaf fīhi (‘alaihi) controversial, disputed

خلق kalaqa u (kalq) to create, make, originate (هـ s.th.); to shape, form, mold (هـ s.th.); -- kaliqa a and kaluqa u to be old, worn, shabby (garment); -- kaluqa u (خلاقة kalāqa) to be fit, suitable, suited II to perfume (هـ s.th.) IV to wear out (هـ s.th.), let (هـ s.th.) become old and shabby V pass. of II; to be molded, be shaped (ب by a model or pattern), change (ب with a model); to become angry VIII to invent, contrive, devise (هـ s.th.); to fabricate, concoct, think up (هـ s.th.); to attribute falsely (هـ على to s.o. s.th.)

خلق kalq creation; making; origination; s.th. which is created, a creation; creatures; people, man, mankind; physical constitution

خلق kulq, kuluq pl. اخلاق aklāq innate peculiarity; natural disposition, character, temper, nature; -- pl. اخلاق aklāq character (of a person); morals; morality | سوء الخلق sū’ al-k. ill nature; سيئ الخلق sayyi’ al-k. ill-natured; سهل الخلق sahl al-k. complaisant, obliging; ضيق الخلق ḍayyiq al-k. impatient, restless; علم الأخلاق ‘ilm al-a. ethics; moral science, morals; سمو الأخلاق sumūw al-a. nobility of character; مكارم الأخلاق noble manners, high moral standards; شرطة الأخلاق šurṭa al-a. vice squad

خلقي kulqī ethic(al), moral | جرائم خلقية offenses against public morals

خلق kalaq (m. and f.) pl. خلقان kulqān, اخلاق aklāq shabby, threadbare, worn (garment)

خلقة kilqa pl. خلق kilaq creation; innate peculiarity of character, natural disposition, nature; constitution; physiognomy; kilqatan by nature

خلقي kilqī natural, native, congenital, innate, inborn, inbred

خلقة kalaqa rag, tatter

خلاق kalāq share (of positive qualities, of religion) | لا خلاق له (kalāqa) disgraceful, ignominious, despicable; a worthless fellow, a good-for-nothing

خليق kalīq pl. خلقاء kulaqā’2 fit, qualified, suitable, appropriate (ب, ل for s.th., ان to do s.th.); apt (ان to do s.th.); in keeping with (ب ), adequate (ب to), worthy (ب of) |نحن خليقون ان it is (would be) only fair that we ..., we should ..., we ought to ...; هو خليق ان he is apt to ..., it is only natural for him that he ...; خليق بهذا ان يكون مؤلما (mu’liman) this is apt to be paicful. it is only natural that this is painful; نظرة يسيرة خليقة ان تقنعنا بأن (tuqni‘anā) no more than a quick glance is apt to convince us that ...

خلوق kalūq of firm character, steadfast, upright

اخلق aklaq more adequate, more appropriate, more natural

خلاق kallāq Creator, Maker (God)

خليقة kalīqa the creation, the universe created by God; nature; natural disposition, trait, characteristic; creatures, created beings; pl. خلائق kalā’iq2 creatures, created beings

اخلاقي aklāqī moral; ethic(al); ethicist, moral philosopher |جرم اخلاقي (jurm) offence against public morals; الفلسفة الأخلاقية (falsafa) moral science, moral philosophy; ethics

أخلاقية aklāqīya morality, moral practice

خلقاني kulqānī dealer in old clothes

خالق kāliq creative; Creator, Maker (God)

مخلوق maklūq created; (pl. -āt. مخاليق makālīq2) creature, created being

مختلق muktaliq inventor, fabricator (of untruths)

مختلق muktalaq fabricated, trumped up, invented, fictitious; apocryphal; pl. -āt lies, falsehoods, fabrications, fictions

خلقين kalqīn pl. خلاقين kalāqīn2 caldron, boiler, kettle

1 خلنج kalanj heath, erica (bot.)

2 خلنجان kulungān (eg.) (rhizome of) galingale (Polypodium Calaguala Kz.; bot.)

خلا (خلو ) kalā u (kulūw, خلاء kalā’) to be empty, vacant; -- (kuluw) to be free (من or عن from); to be devoid (من of s.th.), lack, want (من s.th.), be in need (من of); to be vacant (office); -- (خلوة kalwa) to be alone (ب, الى, مع with s.o., الى also: with or in s.th.); to isolate o.s., seclude o.s.; to withdraw, retire (للمداولة li-l-mudāwala for deliberation; court, jury); to withdraw for spiritual communion, in order to take counsel (الى with); to devote o.s., apply o.s.. give one's attention (ل to s.th.); خلا به to forsake, desert s.o., leave s.o. in the lurch; -- to pass (ه s.o.), go by s.o. (ه ); to pass, elapse, go by, be bygone, past, over (time) |خلا له الجو (jaww) to have free scope. have freedom of action; لا يخلو من جمال (jamāl) it is not without a certain beauty; لا يخلو من مبالغة (mubālaga) it is slightly exaggerated; لا يخلو من فائدة it is not quits useless; خلا الى نفسه to be alone with o.s.; to commune with o.s., take counsel with o.s., search one’s heart; منذ عشر سنوات خلت mundu ‘ašri sanawātin kalat for the past ten years II to vacate, evacuate (هـ s.th.); to leave, leave alone (ه s.o.); to release, let go (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from), give up (عن s.th.) |خلى سبيله (sabīlahū) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go, release s.o.; خلى بين فلان وبين الشيء to give s.o. a free hand in, let s.o. have his own way with or in, let s.o. alone with; to open the way for s.o. to; خل عنك هذه الميول kalli ‘anka h. l-muyūla desist from such desires! IV to empty, void, drain, deplete (من هـ s.th. of); to vacate, leave uninhabited or untenanted (هـ a place); to evacuate (هـ a city) |اخلى سبيله (sabīlahū) to let s.o. off, let s.o. go, release s.o.; اخلى السبيل ل to open the way for ...; اخلى طرف (ṭarafahū) to dismiss, discharge s.o., send s.o. away; to exonerate, exculpate, clear s.o.; اخلى سمعه ل (sam‘ahū) to be all ears for ..., listen intently to ...; اخلى بينه وبين ما يقول to let s.o. say whatever he likes, let s.o. talk freely V to give up, relinquish, forgo, abandon (عن or من s.th.), withdraw, resign (عن or من from); to cede, leave, surrender (ل عن s.th. to s.o.); to lay down (عن an office) VIII to retire, withdraw, step aside, be alone (ب or مع with)

خلو kilw free (من from), devoid (من of)

خلو kulūw emptiness, vacuity; freedom (من from)

خلا kalā and ما خلا (with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save, with the exception of

خلاء kalā’ emptiness, vacuity; empty space, void, vacancy, vacuum; open country |تحت الخلاء or في الخلاء under the open sky, outdoors, in the open air; بيت الخلاء bait al-k. toilet, water closet

خلوة kalwa pl. kalawāt privacy, solitude; seclusion, isolation, retirement; place of retirement or seclusion, retreat, recess; secluded room; hermitage; religious assembly hall of the Druses; booth, cabin |على خلوة alone; in retirement, in seclusion; خلوة الحمام k. al-ḥammām bathhouse

خلوي kalawī lonely, solitary, secluded, isolated, outlying; located in the open country, rural, rustic, country |بيت خلوي (bait) country house

خلى kalīy pl. اخلياء akliyā’2 free (من from), void, devoid (من of) |خلى البال carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky

خلية kalīya pl. خلايا kalāyā beehive; cell (biol.) |الخلية الحيوية الأولى (al-ḥayawīya l-ūlā) protoplasm; من خلايا from within ..., from inside ..., out of ...

مخلاة miklāh nosebag

تخلية takliya vacating, evaluation

اخلاء iklā’ emptying, voiding, draining; clearing; vacating, evacuation |اخلاء سبيله i. sabīlihī; his release

تخل takallin relinquishment, abandonment, surrender, renunciation, resignation (عن of s.th.)

اختلاء iktilā’ privacy, solitude

خال kālin empty, void; open, vacant (office, position); free, unrestrained, untrammeled, unencumbered; free (من from), devoid (من of) |in numerous compounds corresponding to Engl. -less or un-, e.g., خال من الفائدة useless, خال من السكان (sukkān) uninhabited, untenanted, unoccupied; خالي الدين kālī d-dain not bound by, without obligation to, free (من from); خالى البال carefree, easygoing, happy-go-lucky; -- (pl. خوال kawālin) past, bygone (time) |القرون الخالية the past centuries; في الايام الخوالي fī l-ayyāmi l-kawālī in the days past

خم kamma u (kamm) to sweep (هـ a room); -- i u (kamm, خموم kumūm) to exude a rotten, foul smell; to rot, putrefy, decay

خم kumm pl. اخمام akmām coop, chicken coop, brooder; poultry pen

خمة kamma putrid smell, stench

خام kāmm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-smelling; kām look up alphabetically

مخم mukimm stinking, rotten, putrid, foul-smelling

خمج kamija a (kamaj) to spoil, rot, decay

خمد kamada u (خمود kumūd) to go out, die (fire); to abate, subside, let up, calm down, cease, die down IV to extinguish, put out (هـ fire); to calm, appease, placate, soothe, lull, still, quiet (هـ s.th.); to suppress, quell (هـ s.th.); to subdue, soften, deaden, dull (هـ s.th.); to stifle, smother, kill (هـ s.th.; fig.)

خمود kumūd extinction; decline, degeneration, deterioration; quietness, stillness, tranquility, calm; immobility, motionlessness

اخماد ikmād extinction, putting out; calming, soothing, placation, appeasement, lulling, stilling; subduing, softening, dulling; settlement; suppression, quelling (of a riot)

خامد kāmid dying; abating, subsiding; calm, tranquil, still, quiet

خمر kamara u (kamr) and II to cover, hide, conceal (هـ 8 .th.); to leaven, raise (هـ dough); to ferment (هـ s.th.), cause fermentation (هـ in) III to permeate, pervade (هـ s.th.), mix, blend (هـ with); to possess, seize, overcome (ه s.o., e.g., an idea, a feeling) IV to leaven, raise (هـ dough); to ferment (هـ s.th.), cause fermentation (هـ in); to harbor, entertain (هـ s.th.); to bear a grudge, feel resentment (ل against s.o.) V to ferment, be in a state of fermentation; to rise (dough); to veil the head and face (woman) VI to conspire, plot, collude, scheme, intrigue (على against) VIII to ferment, be in a state of fermentation; to rise (dough); to become ripe, ripen (also fig.: an idea in s.o.’s mind)

خمر kamr m. and f., pl. خمور kumūr wine; pl. alcoholic beverages, liquor

خمرة kamra wine

خمري kamrī golden brown, reddish brown, bronze-colored (actually, wine-colored)

خمرية kamrīya pl. -āt wine poem, bacchanalian verse

خمار /fimar pl. اخمرة akmira, خمر kumur veil covering head and face of a woman

خمار kumār aftereffect of intoxication, hang-over

خمير kamīr leavened (dough); ripe, mature, mellow; leaven; leavened bread

خميرة kamīra pl. خمائر kamā’ir2 leaven; ferment; barm, yeast; enzyme (chem.); (fig.) starter, nucleus, basis (from which s.th. greater develops)

خمار kammār wine merchant, keeper of a wineshop

خمارة kammāra wineshop, tavern

خمير kimmīr winebibber, drunkard, tippler, sot

تخمير takmīr leavening, raising (of dough); fermenting, fermentation

اختمار iktimār (process of) fermentation

مخمور makmūr drunk, intoxicated, inebriated

مختمر muktamir fermenting, fermented; alcoholic

خمس II to quintuple, make fivefold, multiply by five (هـ s.th.); to make pentagonal (هـ s.th.); to divide into five parts (هـ s.th.)

خمس kums pl. خمس akmās one fifth |ضرب اخماسه في اسداسه ḍaraba akmāsahū fī asdāsihī and ضرب اخماسا لأسداس (li-asdāsin) to rack one’s brain in search of a way out; to be at one’s wit’s end; to scheme, intrigue

خمسة kamsa (f. خمس kams) five

خمسة عشر kamsata ‘ašara (f. خمس عشرة kamsa ‘ašrata) fifteen

خمسون kamsūn fifty | عيد الخمسين ‘īd al-k. Whitsuntide, Pentecost; احد الخمسين aḥad al-k. Whitsunday; أيام الخمسين ayyām al-kamsīn the period of about 50 days between Easter and Whitsuntide; خمسين and خماسين khamsin, a hot southerly wind in Egypt

عيد خمسين ‘īd kamsīn 50th anniversary

خميس kamīs and يوم الخميس yaum al-k. Thursday |خميس الجسد k. al-jasad Corpus Christi Day (Chr.); خميس الفصح k. al-fiṣḥ, خميس الأسرار k. al-asrār, and خميس العهد k. al-‘ahd Maundy Thursday (Chr.)

خماس kammās pl. خماسة kamāmisa (magr.) sharecropper receiving one fifth of the crop as wages

خماسي kumāsī fivefold, quintuple; consisting of five consonants (gram.) |خماسي (zawāyā) pentagonal, five-cornered

خميسة kumaisa (mor. Pronounced kmīsa) ornament in the shape of a hand (worn by women and children as a talisman against the evil eye)

الخامس al-kāmis the fifth

مخمس mukammas pentagonal, five-cornered; pentagon; fivefold, quintuple; O pentameter

خمش kamaša i u (kamš) and II to scratch (هـ e.g., the face, the skin, with the nails)

خمش kamš pl. خموش kumūš scratch, scratch mark, scar

خماشة kumāša pl. -āt scratch, scar

خمص kamaṣa u and kamiṣa a to be empty, hungry (stomach)

خميص kamīs خميص البطن k. al-baṭn, خميص الحشا k. al-ḥašā with an empty stomach, hungry

اخمص القدم akmaṣ al-qadam pl. اخامص akāmiṣ2 hollow of the sale (of the foot) | من الرأس الى اخمص القدم from head to toe

خمع kama‘a a (kam‘, خموع kumū‘) to limp, walk with a limp

خمل kamala u (خمول kumūl) to be unknown, obscure, undistinguished; to be weak, languid

خمل kami and خملة kamla nap, the rough, hairy surface of a fabric; fibers

خمل kamil languid, sluggish, dull, listless

خمول kumūl obscurity; weakness lassitude, languor, lethargy; indolence, sluggishness, inactivity; apathy, indifference; sleepiness, drowsiness

خميلة kamīla pl. خمائل kamā’il2 place with luxuriant tree growth; thicket, brush, scrub

خامل kāmil unknown, obscure, undistinguished, unimportant, minor; weak, languid, sluggish

مخمل mukmal velvet-like fabric, velvet

مخملي mukmalī velvety |جلد مخملي (jild) deerskin, buckskin

خمن II to guess, conjecture, surmise; to make conjectures (هـ as to); to assess, appraise, estimate (هـ s.th.)

تخمين takmīn appraisal, assessment, estimation; تخمينا takmīnan and على تخمين approximately, roughly

خمن mukammin appraiser, assessor

1 خن kanna i (خنين kanīn) to speak nasally, nasalize; to twang, speak through the nose

خنة kunna nasal twang

خنين kanīn twanging, nasal twang

اخن akann2, f. خناء kanna’2 twanging, speaking through the nose

2 خن kunn (= خم kumm) pl. اخنان aknān coop. chicken coop, brooder

خنث kanita a to be soft, effeminate V to display effeminate manners, become or be effeminate

خنث kanit oft, effeminate

خنثى kuntā pl. خناث kināt, خناثى kanatā hermaphrodite

خنوثة kunūta effeminacy

تخنث takannut effeminacy

مخنث mukannat bisexual; effeminate; powerless, impotent, weak

خنجر kanjar pl. خناجر kanājir2 dagger

خنخن kankana to nasalize, speak, nasally; to twang, speak through the nose

خندق kandaqa to dig a ditch or trench (خندقا ); to take up positions, prepare for battle

خندق kandaq pl. خنادق kanādiq2 ditch; trench

خنزوانية kunzuwānīya megalomania

خنزب kanzab Satan, Devil

خنزير kinzīr pl. خنازير kanāzir2 swine, pig, hog; خنزير بري (barrī) wild hoar; خنازير scrofula, scrofulosis (med.)

خنزيرة kinzīra sow

خنازيري kanāzīrī scrofulous

الخناس al-kannās epithet of the Devil (properly speaking, he who withdraw, when the name of God is mentioned)

اخنس aknas f. خنساء kansā’2, pl. خنس kuns pug-nosed

خنشار kinšār fern (bot.)

خنوص kinnauṣ pl. خنانيص kanānīṣ2 piglet

خنصر kinṣir pl. خناصر kanāṣir2 little finger |عقد الخنصر (الخناصر) على to give s.th. top-rating because of its excellence, put s.th. above everything else

خنع kana‘a a (خنوع kunū‘) to yield, surrender, bow, stoop (ل or الى to s.o.). humble o.s., cringe (ل or الى before s.o.)

خنوع kanū‘ submissive, servile, meek, humble; treacherous, perfidious, disloyal

خنوع kunū‘ submissiveness, meekness, servility

خنف kanaf (eg.) twanging, nasal twang

خنفر kanfara to snuffle, snort

خنفس kunfus and خنفساء kunfusā’2 pl. خنافس kanāfis2 dung beetle, scarab

خنق kanaqa u (kanq) to choke (ه s.o.); to suffocate, stifle, smother, strangle, throttle, choke to death (ه s.o.); to throttle down (techn.; هـ s.th.); to slow down, cut, check, suppress (هـ s.th.) III to quarrel, have a fight (ه with s.o.) VI to quarrel, dispute, have a fight (مع with s.o.) VII pass. of I; VIII to he throttled, be suppressed; to be tight, constricted (throat); to be strangled, be choked to death

خنق kanq strangling, strangulation; throttling, suppression | خنق الأنوار k. al-anwāar dim-out

خنقة اليد kanqat (kunqat) al-yad wrist

خناق kunāq suffocation; angina (med.); kunāq and خانوق kānūq quinsy, diphtheria (med.); pl. خوانق kawāniq2 and خوانيق kawānīq2 do.

خناق kannāq choking, throttling, strangling

مخنق maknaq neck, throat |أخذه بمخنقه to grab s.o. by the throat, bear down on s.o.; to have power over s.o.

خناق kināq strangling cord; neck, throat |ضيق الخناق على (ḍayyaqa) to tighten the grip around s.o.’s throat, tread on s.o.’s neck, oppress s.o., beset s.o. grievously; أخذ بخناقه to grab s.o. by the throat

خناق kināq and خناقة kināqa quarrel, fight, row

اختناق iktināq suffocation, asphyxiation; constriction; asphyxia (med.)

خانق kāniq choking, strangling; suffocating, asphyxiating, stifling, smothering; throttling, throttle· (in compounds; tech.); (pl. خوانق kawāniq2) choke coil, reactor (radio); gorge, ravine, canyon | غاز خانق asphyxiating gas; خانق الذئب k. ad-di’b wolfsbane, monkshood, aconite (bot.)

مخنوق maknūq strangled; suffocated, stifled, smothered; suppressed, choking (voice, laughter, etc.); constricted; strangulated; throttled

مختنق muktaniq crammed, jammed, crowded, chock-full (ب with)

(خنو and خنى) خنا kanā u, خني kaniya a (خنى kanan) to use obscene language IV to hit hard, afflict grievously, wear down, ruin, destroy, crush (على s.o., s.th.; said of fate)

خنى kanan obscene language; s.th. indecent or obscene; prostitution; fornication

خواجة kawāja pl. -āt sir, Mr. (title and form of address, esp., for Christians and Westerners, used with or without the name of the person so addressed)

خوان kuwān, kiwān pl. اخونة akwina, اخاوين akāwīn2 table |خوان الزينة k. az-zīna dressing table

خوجة kōga (eg.) teacher, schoolmaster

خوخ II (eg.) to rot, decay, spoil

خوخ kauk (coll.; n. un. ة ) peach (eg.); plum (syr.)

خوخة kauka pl. kuwak skylight, windowlike opening; wicket (of a canal lock, of a gate); (eg.) alley connecting two streets

خوذة kūda pl. -āt, خوذ kuwad helmet

1 خار (خور ) kāra (خوار kuwār) to low, moo (cattle); -- خور kawira a (خور kawar) and خار kāra u to decline in force or vigor; to grow weak, spiritless, languid, to languish, flag; to dwindle, give out (strength)

خور kaur pl. اخوار akwār, خيران kīrān inlet, bay

خور kawar weakness, fatigue, enervation, languor, lassitude

خوار kuwār lowing, mooing

خوار kawwār weak, languid, strengthless

2 خوري kūrī pl. خورنة kawārina parson, curate, priest; see also under خير

خورس kūrus choir (of a church)

خوزق kauzaqa to impale (ه s.o.); to comer, drive into a comer, get into a bad fix (ه s.o.)

خازوق see خزق

ورق خوشق waraq kaušaq wrapping paper; blotting paper

1 خوص kūṣ (coll.; n. un. ة ) palm leaves

خوصة kūṣa (eg.) plaitwork of palm leaves (resembling that of Panama hats; used as a tarboosh lining)

خواصة kiwwāṣa art of palm-leaf plaiting

2 خوص kawaṣ and اخوص see خوص

3 خويصة see خصّ

1 خاض (خوض ) kāḍهـ u (kauḍ, خياض kiyāḍ) to wade (هـ into water); to plunge, dive, rush (هـ into s.th.), tackle courageously (هـ s.th.), embark boldly (هـ on); to penetrate (هـ or في into), become absorbed, engrossed (هـ or في in); to go into a subject (في ), take up (في هـ subject), deal (في with) |خاض المعركة (ma‘raka) to rush into battle; خاض غمار الحرب (gimāra l-ḥarb) to enter the war

خوض kawḍ, plunge, rush (into); entering, entry (into, e.g., into war, into negotiations); penetration; search (في into), examination, discussion, treatment (في of a subject)

مخاضة makāḍa pl. -āt, مخاوض makāwiḍ2 ford

2 مخاض see مخض

خاف (خوف ) kāfa (1st pers. perf. kiftu) a (kauf, مخافة makāata, خيفة kīfata) to be frightened, scared; to be afraid (هـ, ه or من of), dread (هـ, ه or من s.o. or s.th.); to fear (هـ, ه or من s.o., s.th.; على for s.o., for s.th.; ان that) II and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, fill with fear (ه s.o.) V = I

خوف kauf fear, dread (من of); خوفا kaufan for fear (من of), fearing (على for)

خيفة kīfa fear, dread (من of)

خواف kawwāf, خويف kawīf fainthearted, fearful, timid, timorous; coward, poltroon

اخوف akwaf2 more timorous; more dreadful, more to be feared

مخافة makāfa fear, dread |مخافة ان (makāfatan) for fear that ..., afraid that ...

مخاوف makāwif2 (pl. zu مخافة ) fears, apprehensions, anxieties; horrors, dangers, perils

تخويف takwīf and اخافة ikāfa intimidation, bullying, cowing, frightening, scaring

تخوف takawwuf fear, dread

خائف kā’if pl. خوف kuwwaf fearful, timid, timorous; scared, frightened, alarmed (من by); afraid (من of); anxious (على about), apprehensive (على for)

مخوف makūf feared, dreaded; dangerous, perilous

مخيف mukīf fear-inspiring, frightful, dreadful, terrible, horrible

خاكى look up alphabetically

خول II to grant, accord, give, concede (هـ ه to s.o. s.th., also هـ ل ; esp., the right, the power to do s.th.), bestow, confer (هـ ه upon s.o. s.th., also هـ ل ), vest, endow (هـ ه s.o. with s.th., also. ل )

خال kāl pl. اخوال akwāl, خؤول ku’ūl, خولة ku’ūla (maternal) uncle; -- (pl. خيلان kīlān) mole, birthmark (on the face);

O patch, beauty spot

خالة kāla pl. -āt (maternal) aunt

خول kawal chattels, property, esp., that consisting in livestock and slaves; servants; (eg.) dancer; effeminate person, sissy

خولى kaulī supervisor, overseer (of a plantation); gardener

خؤولة ku’ūla relationship of the maternal uncle

مخول mukawwal authorized (ب to)

خام look up alphabetically

1 خان (خون ) kana u (kaun, خيانة kiyāna) to be disloyal, faithless, false, treacherous, perfidious, act disloyally, treacherously, perfidiously (ه toward s.o.); to betray (ه s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, hoodwink (ه s.o.), impose (ه upon), deceive (زوجته one’s wife); to fool, deceive, mislead (ه s.o.; said, e.g., of the memory); to forsake, let down, desert (ه s.o.); to fail (ه s.o.; e.g., the voice, and the like); to fail to keep (هـ e.g., a promise), break (عهدا ‘ahdan a contract) II to regard as or call faithless, false, disloyal, treacherous, dishonest, unreliable (ه s.o.); to distrust, mistrust (ه s.o.) V to impair, harm, hurt, prejudice (هـ s.th.) VIII to dupe, gull, cheat, deceive, double-cross, betray (ه s.o.) X استخون istakwana to distrust, mistrust (ه s.o.)

خيانة kiyāna faithlessness, falseness, disloyalty, treachery, perfidy; breach of faith, betrayal; treason; deception, fooling |خيانة الأمانة k. al-amāna breach of faith; خيانة عظمى (‘uẓmā) high treason; خيانة الوعود breach of promise

خؤون ka’ūn faithless, false, disloyal, traitorous, treacherous, perfidious; unreliable, tricky, deceptive

خوان kawwān unreliable, faithless, disloyal, treacherous, perfidious; traitor

خائن kā’in pl. خوان kuwwān, خونة kawana disloyal, faithless, false, unreliable, traitorous, treacherous, perfidious; traitor

2 خان and خانة look up alphabetically

3 خوان look up alphabetically

1 خوي kawā i (خواء kawā’, خوى kawan) to be empty, be hungry; -- kawiya a (خواء kawā’) to be empty, bare, dreary, desolate, waste

خواء kawā’ and خوى kawan emptinessv(of the stomach), hunger

خاو kāwin empty, vacant; dreary, waste, desolate |خاو على عروشه (‘urūšihī) completely devastated; خاوى الوفاض k. l-wifāḍ (= خالى الوفاض ) with an empty pouch, empty-handed, without a catch

خوى III to join (ه s.o.), join the company of (ه ), accompany (ه s.o.)

خوي kuwaiy little brother

خوة kuwa brotherliness, fraternity (= اخوة ukūwa)

مخاو mukāwin brotherly, fraternal

خيار kiyār (coll.; n. un. ة ) cucumber | خيار شنير k. šanbar (eg.) drumstick tree, purging cassia (Cassia fistula; bot.); خيار قشة k. qašša (eg.) gherkins, pickles

خاب (خيب ) kāba i (خيبة kaiba) to fail, miscarry, be without success, be unsuccessful; to be frustrated, be dashed, be disappointed (hopes); to go wrong II and IV to cause to fail; to thwart, frustrate, fail, defeat (هـ s.th.); to disappoint, dash (أماله āmālahū s.o.’s hopes) V = I

خيبة kaiba failure, miscarriage, defeat, frustration; fizzle, flop; disappointment |ولد خيبة walad k., f. بنت خيبة bint k. (eg.) a good-for-nothing, a ne’er-do-well

خائب kā’ib failing; abortive, unsuccessful; disappointed

خار (خير ) kāra i to choose, make one’s choice; to prefer (على هـ s.th. to) II to make or let (ه s.o.) choose (بين between, في from), give (ه s.o.) the alternative, option or choice (بين between, في in); to prefer (على هـ s.th. to) III to vie, compete (ه with s.o.); to make or let (ه s.o.) choose, give (ه s.o.) the choice, option or alternative V to choose, select, pick (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VIII to choose, make one’s choice; to choose, select, elect, pick (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), fix upon s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to prefer (على هـ s.th. to) |اختار الله الى جواره (jiwārihī) approx.: the Lord has taken unto Himself X to seek or request what is good or best (هـ ) for o.s. (ه from s.o.); to consult an oracle, cast lots |استخار الله في to ask God for proper guidance in

خير kair pl. خيار kiyār, اخيار akyār good; excellent, outstanding, superior, admirable; better; best; - (pl. خيور kuyūr) good thing, blessing; wealth, property; -- good, benefit, interest, advantage; welfare; charity |خير الناس the best of all people; خيار الناس, اخيار الناس the beat people, the pick of the human race; هو خير منك he ill better than you; هو خير لك it is better for you; الخير كل الخير the very best; الخير العام (‘āmm) the commonweal, general welfare; دولة الخير العام welfare state; لخير for the benefit of; لخير انفسهم li-k. anfusihim for their own good; اعمال الخير charitable deeds; صباح الخير ṣabāḥ al-k. and صباحك بالخير good morning! ذكره بالخير (dakarahū) to retain a good impression. of s.o.; to speak well of s.o.

خيري kairī charitable, beneficent, benevolent, philanthropic |جمعية خيرية (jam‘īya) charitable organization

خيرية kairīya charity, charitableness, benevolence, beneficence

خير kayyir generous, liberal, openhanded, munificent; charitable, beneficent, benevolent; benign, gracious, kind

خيرة kaira pl. -āt good deed, good thing; pl. خيرات resources, treasures (e.g., of the earth, of a country), boons, blessings

خيرة kīra and kiyara the best, choice, prime, flower, pick, elite

خيري kīrī gillyflower (bot.)

اخير akyar 2, f. خيرى kīrā, خورى kūrā pl. اخاير akāyir2 better, superior

خيار kiyār choice; option, exercise of the power of choice (Isl. Law); refusal, right of withdrawal (Isl. Law); the best, choice, prime, flower, pick, elite; see also alphabetically

خياري kiyārī optional, facultative; voluntary

اختيار iktiyār choice; election (also pol.; pl. -āt); selection; preference ( على to); option; free will (philos.); اختيارا iktiyāran of one’s own accord, spontaneously, voluntarily

اختياري iktiyārī voluntary, facultative, elective (studies)

مخير mukayyar having the choice or option

مختار muktār free to choose, having the choice or option (في in), volunteering, مختارا muktāran (adv.) voluntarily, spontaneously, of one’s own accord; choice, select, exquisite; chosen, preferred, favorite; a favorite; مختارات selection, selected writings, anthology; (pl. مخاتير makātīr2) village chief, mayor of a village (šyr., Leb., Ir.)

خيزران see خزر

خاس (خيس ) kāsa i (خيس kais, خيسان kayasān) to break (ب an agreement, a promise)

خيش kaiš sackcloth, sacking, canvas

خيش kaiš place of sackcloth; (pl. -āt, خيش kiyaš) sack; straw mattress, pallet; Bedouin tent

خيشوم see خشم

خاط (خيط ) kāṭa i (kaiṭ) and II to sew, stitch (هـ s.th.)

خيط kaiṭ pl. خيوط kuyūṭ, اخياط akyāṭ, خيطان kīṭān thread; twine cord; pack-thread, string; fiber |خيط امل k. amal a spark of hope, a thread of hope

خيطي kaiṭī threadlike; fibrous

خياط kiyāṭ needle

خياط kiyāṭa swing; needlework, tailoring, dressmaking |آلة الخياطة sewing machine

خياط kayyāṭ pl. -ūn tailor

خياطة kayyāṭa pl. -āt dressmaker; seam-stress

مخيط mikyaṭ needle

خائط kā’iṭ tailor

1 خال (خيل ) kālهـ هـ to imagine, fancy, think, believe, suppose (ان that); to consider, deem, think (ه ه s.o. to be …, هـ هـ s.th. to be ...), regard (ه ه s.o. as, هـ هـ s.th. as) II to make (الى s.o.) believe (ان that), suggest (الى to s.o., هـ s.th.), give s.o. (الى ) the impression that (هـ) |خيل اليه (له) ان (kuyyila) he imagined, fancied, thought that it seemed, it appeared to him that …; على مل خيلت (kayyalat; النفس being understood) as the heart dictates, i.e., as chance will have it, at random, unhesitatingly IV to be dubious, doubtful, uncertain, intricate V to imagine, fancy (هـ s.th.); to present itself, reveal itself (ل to s.o.’s mind), become the object of imagination. appear (= II kuyyila; ل to s.o.) |تخيل فيه الخير (kaira) to suspect good qualities in s.o., have an inkling of s.o.’s good qualities, think well of s.o., have هـ good opinion of s.o. VI to pretend (ب ل to s.o. s.th., that ...), act (ل toward s.o., ب as if); to feel self-important, be conceited; to behave in pompous manner, swagger, strut about; to conceive eccentric ideas, get all kinds of fantastic notions, have هـ bee in one’s bonnet; to appear dimly, in shadowy outlines; to appear, show (على on), hover (على about; e.g., هـ smile about s.o.’s lips) flit (على across, e.g., هـ shadow across s.o.’s face, etc.) VIII to feel self-important, be conceited; to behave in هـ pompous manner, swagger, strut about

خيال kayāl pl. اخيلة akyilهـ disembodied spirit, ghost, specter; imagination; phantom, apparition; phantasm, fantasy, chimera, vision; shadow, trace, dim reflection |خيال الشك k. ašakk slightest doubt; خيال الصحراء k. aṣ-ṣaḥrā’ scarecrow; خيال الظل k. aẓ-ẓill shadow play

خيالة kayālهـ pl. -āt ghost, spirit, specter; phantom; phantasm, fantasy, chimera

خيالي kayālī imaginary, unreal; ideal, ideational, conceptual; utopian

اخيل akyal2 more conceited, haughtier, prouder

اخيل akyal pl. خيل kīl, اخايل akāyil2 green woodpecker

خيلاء kuyalā’2 (f.) conceit, conceitedness, haughtiness, pride; الخيلاء al-kuyalā’هـ haughtily, proudly

خيلولة kailūlهـ conceit, conceitedness, snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness

مخيلة makīlهـ conceit, conceitedness, snobbery, arrogance, haughtiness; (pl. مخايل makāyil2) indication, sign, symptom, characteristic; pl. مخايل visions, mental images, imagery

تخييل takyīl playacting |فن التخييل fann at-t. dramatic art

تخيل takayyul pl. -āt imagination, phantasy; delusion, hallucination, fancy, whim, fantastic notion

تخيلي takayyulī fantastic, fanciful, imaginary

اختيال iktiyāl pride; arrogance, haughtiness

مخيلة mukayyilهـ imagination, phantasy

مخيل mukīl dubious, doubtful, uncertain, intricate, tangled, confused; confusing, bewildering

مختال muktāl conceited, haughty, arrogant

2 خيل II to gallop (on horseback)

خيل kail (coll.) pl. خيول kuyūl horses; horsepower, H.P. |سباق الخيل horse racing, horse race

خيال kayyāl pl. ة , -ūn horseman, rider

خيالة kayyālهـ cavalry (Ir.; Eg. 1939)

سرية خيالة sarīyهـ kayyālهـ cavalry squadron (Eg. 1939)

2 خال see خول

1 خيم II to pitch one’s tent, to camp; to settle down; to stay, linger, rest, lie down, lie (على on, فى or ب at هـ place); (fig.) to reign (e.g., calm, silence, peace, etc.; فى or ب at, in), settle (على over) V to pitch one’s tent; to camp

خيمة ḳaimهـ pl. -āt, خيام ḳiyām, خيم ḳiyam tent; tarpaulin; arbor, bower; pavilion

خيم ḳayyām tentmaker

خيم muḳayyam pl. -āt camping ground, camp, encampment

2 خيم ḳīm natural disposition, nature, temper, character; inclination, bent, tendency|اخذ خيمه (eg.) to fool s.o.’s pulse, sound s.o. out

3 خام look up alphabetically

خية ḳayya pl. -āt noose

د

دأب da’aba a (da’b, da’b, دؤوب du’ūb) to persist, persevere, be indefatigable, untiring, tireless (فى or على in s.th.); to go in for s.th. (على ), apply o.s., devote o.s. (على to), practice eagerly (على s.th.)

دأب da’b pl. ادؤب ad’ub habit

دأب da’b, da’ab and دؤوب du’ūb persistence, perseverance, tirelessness, indefatigability, assiduity, eagerness

دئب da’ib and دائب dā’ib addicted, devoted, persistent, assiduous, eager, indefatigable, untiring, tireless (على in)

دؤوب da’ūb untiring, tireless, indefatigable, persevering, persistent

ادأب ad’ab2 more persistent, more assiduous

دادة dāda governess, dry nurse, nurse

داغ dāg pl. -āt brand (made on cattle, etc.)

دال dāl name of the letter د

داليا dāliyā dahlia(s) (bot.)

داما dāmā checkers| لوحة الداما lauḥat ad-d. checkerboard

دامجانة see دمجانة

دانتيلا (Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace

دانق dānaq, dāniq pl. دوانق dawāniq2 an ancient coin. = 1/4 dirham; small coin; a square measure (Eg.; = 4 sahm = 29.17 m2)

دانمارك dannmark Denmark

دانماركى danmarkī Danish

الداننوب ad-dānūb the Danube

داية dāya pl. -āt wet nrse; midwife

دب dabba i (dabb, دبيب dabīb) to creep, crawl (reptile); to proceed, advance, or move slowly; to go on all fours; to enter (فى s.th.), come (فى into); to steal, creep (فى نفسه into s.o.’s heart; of a feeling, e.g., doubt); to spread (فى over, in, through), fill, pervade, invade (فى s.th.) ; to gain ground; to gain ascendancy (فى in s.o.; of a condition, an idea, a sensation); to stream in, ruah in (of sensations, فى upon s.o.)| دب فيه دبيب الحياة (d. al-ḥayāh) to gain vitality II to sharpen, point, taper (هـ s.th.)

دب dubb pl. ادباب adbāb, دببة dibaba bear| الدب الاصغر (aṣgar) Little Bear, Ursa Minor (astron.); الدب الاكبر (akbar) Great Bear, Ursa Major (astron.)

دبي dubbī ursine

دبة dabba sand hill, mound

دبيب dabīb creeping, crawling; infiltration; influx, inflow, flow (e.g., of sensations, of life, of vigor); reptile

دباب dabbāb creeping, crawling, repent, reptant

دبابة dabbāba pl. -āt tank, armored car

مدب midabb: من مدب النيل الى مصبه (maṣabbihī) from the lower Nile to its mouth

دابة dābba pl. دواب dawābb2 animal, beast; riding animal (horse, mule, donkey)

دويبة duwaibba tiny animal, animalcule; insect

مدبب mudabbab pointed, tapered

دبج II to embellish, decorate, adorn, ornament (هـ s.th.); to put in good style, formulate, compose, write down, put down in writing (هـ s.th.)

ديباج dībāj pl. دبابيج dabābīj2 silk brocade

ديباجة dībāja (n. un. of ديباج ) brocade; introductory verses or lines, proem, preamble; face, visage; style, elegance of style; renown, repute, standing, prestige

تدبيج tadbīj embellishment, adornment, ornamentation; composition, writing (of a book)

مدبجات mudabbajāt embellishments of speech, fine figures of speech

دبدب dabdaba to tread, tap

دبدبة dabdaba sound of footsteps, footfall, pitapat; pattering or clattering noise; snapping, flapping noise

دبدوبة dabdūba pl. دباديب dabādīb2 point, tip, tapered end

1 دبر dabara u (دبور dubūr) to turn one’s back; to elapse, pass, go by (time) II to make arrangements, make plans (هـ for), prepare, plan, organize, design, frame, devise, concert, arrange, get up, bring about (هـ s.th.); to hatch (هـ a plot, etc.); to contrive, work up (هـ a ruse); to direct, conduct, manage, run, engineer, steer, marshal, regulate (هـ s.th.), be in charge (هـ of); to manage well, economize (هـ s.th.) |دبر خطة (kiṭṭatan) to devise a plan; دبر الشؤون to conduct the course of business, be in charge IV to turn one’s back (عن or على on s.o.); to flee, run away; to escape, dodge; to slip away V to be prepared, planned, organized, managed; to reflect, ponder (في or هـ on); to consider, weigh, contemplate (في or هـ s.th.); to treat or handle with care, with circumspection (في s.th.) VI to face in opposite directions, stand back to back; to be contrary, opposite, opposed; to be inconsistent, incompatible X to turn the back (ه on s.o.)

دبر dubr, dubur pl. ادبار adbār rump backside, buttocks, posteriors; rear part, Rear, hindpart; back; last part, end, tail | من دبر behind, at the back, in the rear; from behind, from the rear; ولى دبره wallā duburahū to turn one’s back; to flee, run away

دبري dabarī trailing behind, belated, late

دبرة dabra turn (of fate)

دبور dabūr west wind

دبور dabbūr pl. -āt dabābīr2 hornet; wasp

تدبير tadbīr pl. -āt planning, organization; direction, management, disposal, regulation; economy, economization; -- (pl. تدابير tadābīr2) measure, move, step | تدبير المنزل t. al-manzil housekeeping, household management; تدبير منزلي (manzilī) do.; قام بالتدابير اللازمة and اتخذ التدابير اللازمة (ittakada,qāma) to take the necessary measures

ادبار idbār flight, retreat

تدبر tadabbur reflection, meditation (في on), thinking (في about); consideration, contemplation (في of)

تدابر taddbur disparity, dissimilarity, contrast

دابر dābir past, bygone (time); the ultimate, utmost, extremity. end; root |قطع دابر الشيء (dābira š-šai’) to eradicate, root out s.th., suppress s.th. radically; بالأمس الدابر (amsi) sometime in the past; ذهب كأمس الدابر (ka-amsi d-dābiri) to vanish into thin air, disappear without leaving a trace (actually: like yesterday gone by)

مدبر mudabbir manager, director; ruler, disposer; leader; ringleader |مدبر المكائد schemer, intriguer, intrigant

مدبر mudbir: مدبرا ومقبلا mudbiran wa-muqbilan from the rear and from in front

2 دبارة dubāra (=دوبارة ) packthread, string, twine, cord, rope j thread

1 دبس dibs sirup, molasses, treacle, esp. of grapes

2 دبوس dabbūs pl. دبابيس dabābīs2 pin; safety pin |دبوس انكليزي safety pin

دبش dabaš junk, rubbish, trash; -- dabš rubblestone, rubble; crushed rock (used as substratum in macadamizing)

دبغ dabaga a i u (dabg) to tan (هـ a hide)

دباغة dibāga tanning, tanner’s trade

دباغ dabbāg tanner

مدبغة madbaga pl. مدابغ madābig 2 tannery

دبق dabiqa a (dabaq) to stick, adhere (ب to); to cleave, cling (ب to) II to catch with birdlime (هـ a bird)

دبق dibq birdlime

دبق dabiq sticky, gluey, limy

دبك dabaka u (dabk) to stamp the feet; to dance the dabka (see below)

دبكة dabka (syr.) a group dance in which the dancers, lined up with looked arms or holding hands, stamp out the rhythm and sing

دبلة dibla pl. دبل dibal ring

دبلوم diblōm and دبلومة diblōma pl. -āt diploma

دبلوماسي diblōmāsī diplomatic; diplomat

دبلوماسية diblōmāsīya diplomacy

دثر datara u (دثور dutūr) to fall into oblivion, be forgotten, become obsolete, antiquated, extinct; to be blotted out, wiped out, effaced, obliterated (track by the wind) II to cover, envelop (ه s.o.); to destroy, annihilate (هـ s.th.) V to wrap o.s. (في in), cover o.s. (في with) VII to be or become wiped out, blotted out, effaced, obliterated; to be old; to be forgotten, have fallen into oblivion, be obsolete VIII iddatara to wrap o.s. (ب in), cover o.s. (ب with)

دثار ditār pl. دثر dutur blanket, cover

مدثور madtūr past, bygone, ancient (time)

دج dajja i (dajj, دجيج dajīj) to walk slowly II دججه بالسلاح to arm s.o. to the teeth

دج dujj (syr.) thrush (zool.)

دجة dujja intense darkness, pitch-darkness

دجاج dajāj (coll.) chickens; fowl (as a generic designation)

دجاجة dajāja (n. un.) hen; chicken | دجاجة الحبش d. al-ḥabaš guinea fowl

مدجج بالسلاح mudajjaj bi-s-silāḥ heavily armed, bristling with arms

دجر dajira a (dajar) to be embarrassed, be at a loss

ديجور dajūr pl. دياجير dayājīr2 gloom, darkness, dark

ديجوري daijūrīi dark, gloomy

دجل dajala u to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (على s.o.); to be a swindler, a charlatan, a quack II to coat, smear (هـ s.th.); to gild (هـ s.th.); to deceive, dupe, cheat, take in (على s.o.), impose (على on)

دجل dajl deceit, trickery, humbug, swindle

دجال dajjāl pl. -ūn, دجاجلة dajājila swindler, cheat, imposter; quack, charlatan (fem. دجالة ); Antichrist

تدجيل tadjīl imposture, humbug; charlatanry, quackery

2 دجلة dijla the Tigris river

دجن dajana u (dajn, دجن dujūn) to be dusky, murky, gloomy (day); -- (dujūn) to remain, stay; to get used, become accustomed, become habituated; to become tame, be domesticated II to tame; to domesticate (هـ an animal) | دجنه لخدمة فلان (li-kidmati f.) to put s.th. or s.o. to use for s.o., make s.th. or s.o. of service to s.o. III to flatter, cajole, coax, wheedle, try to win or entice by gentle courtesy (ه s.o.) IV to be murky, gloomy, overcast (day); to be dark (night)

دجنة dujna, dujunna darkness, gloominess, gloom

ادجن adjan2 dark

داجن dājin tame, tamed, domesticated (animal); dark, gloomy | حيوانات داجنة (ḥayawānāt) domestic animals

دواجن dawājin2 poultry

دجا (دجو ) dajā u to be dark, gloomy, dusky; to overshadow, cover, veil, shroud, blanket (هـ s.th.), spread (هـ over) III to play the hypocrite, JlOIl'l as a friend (ه of s.o.); to cajole, flatter (ه s.o.)

دجى dujan gloom, darkness, duskiness

دياج الليل dayājī l-lail dark of night

مداجاة mudājāh hypocrisy; flattery, adulation, sycophancy

داج dājin dark, gloomy

دحدح II tadaḥdaḥa to waddle

دحدح daḥdaḥ and دحداح daḥdāḥ dumpy, squat, stocky

دحر daḥara a (daḥr, دحور ) to drive away, chase away (ه s.o.); to dislodge, remove (ه s.o.); to defeat (ه an army) VIII to be driven away, be routed, be repelled, be thrown back; to be defeated (army); to go under, go to ruin, succumb, break down, collapse

اندحار indiḥār banishment, rejection; (pl. -āt) defeat (mil.); ruin, fall, break-down, collapse; catastrophe |اندحار الكون ind. al-k. end of the world

مدحور madḥūr routed, repelled; expelled, cast out; ostracized, banished

دحرج daḥraja to roll (هـ s.th.) II tadaḥraja to roll, roll along; to roll down

داحس dāḥis pl. dawāḥis whitlow, felon (med.)

دحس daḥasa a (daḥs) to insert, thrust in, shove in, foist in, smuggle in VII to interfere, meddle; to mix

دحض daḥāḍa a to be invalid, void, untenable (argument); to disprove, refute, invalidate (هـ an argument) II and IV to disprove, refute, invalidate (هـ an argument)

دحض daḥḍ refutation, disproof

دحوض duḥūḍ: invalidity, shakiness, weakness, refutability (of an argument or a claim)

مدحاض miḍḥāḍ: دعوى مدحاض (da‘wā) an invalid, unjustified claim

دحا (دحو ) daḥā u (daḥw) to spread out, flatten, level, unroll

O مدحى midḥan pl. مداح madāḥin roller, steamroller

ادخر iddakara, مدخرة see ذخر

دخس dukas dolphin

دخل dikala u (دخول dukūl) to enter (هـ , less frequently في , also الى , s.th.), go, step, walk, move, come, get (هـ, في, الى into); to penetrate, pierce (هـ, في, الى s.th.); to take possession of s.o. (ه ), befall, seize (ه s.o.; e.g., doubt); to take up (خدمة a post), start at a job; to enter s.o.’s (على ) room or house, drop in on s.o. (على ), come to see s.o. (على ); to call on s.o. (على ); to consummate the marriage, cohabit, sleep (", or على with a woman); to come (على over s.o.; e.g., joy); (gram.) to be added (على to); to supervene, enter as a new factor, aspect, element, etc. (على upon s.th.), be newly introduced (على into s.th.); to make one’s own, acquire (على s.th.); to join, enter (هـ or في e.g., a religious community); to participate, take part (هـ in); to set in, begin (time, event); to be included (في in; ضمن ḍimna), fall, come (في, ضمن, تحت under), belong, pertain (في, ضمن, تحت to), be within s.th. (في, ضمن, تحت ); pass.: dukila to be sickly, diseased, abnormal |دخل على الأمر تعديل (ta’dīlun) the matter has undergone modification; دخل الخدمة (kidma) to take up one’s post, start at a job, report for work; دخل المدرسة (madrasa) to enter school; دخل الميناء (mīnā’) to enter the harbor, put in; دخل الموضوع to come to the point; دخل في عقله (في جسمه ) dukila fī ‘aqlihi (fī jismihī) to suffer from a mental (physical) disturbance II to make or let enter, bring in, let in (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to enter, insert, include (ه s.th., في or هـ in) III to come over s.o. (ه ), befall, seize (ه s.o.; e.g., doubt, suspicion, despair) IV to make or let enter, bring in, let in, admit, lead in, show in (ه s.o.); to move, take, haul (على or في هـ s.th. into); to incorporate, include, embody, insert (في or هـ هـ s.th. in); to cause to set in, bring about, produce, set off, trigger (على هـ s.th. in); to introduce (هـ s.th., e.g., an innovation, an improvement, على in or on s.th.) |ادخله المدرسة (madrasa) to send s.o. to school; ادخل تغييرا على to bring about a change in ...; ادخلت عليه تعديلات (udkilat) the matter was subjected to modifications V to meddle (في in), interfere (في in, with); to interpose, intervene (في in); to invade (في s.th.), intrude, obtrude (في on), disturb (في s.th.); to interlock, mesh, gear VI to meddle (في in, e.g., في شؤونه in s.o.’s affairs), butt in (في الحديث on a conversation); to interfere (في in, with), interpose, intervene (في in); to interlock, mesh, gear; to be superimposed; to intergrade, shade, blend (ببعض or بعضه في بعض one into the other); to come over s.o. (ه ), befall, strike, seize (ه s.o.; e.g., doubt. grief)

دخل dakl income; revenues, receipts, returns, takings (as opposed to karj); interference, intervention; doubt, misgiving |ضريبة الدخل income tax; ليس له اي دخل فيه (ayyu daklin) and لا دخل به or له فيه (dakla) he should not meddle in ..., he has nothing to do with ..., it is none of his business

دخل dakal disturbance, derangement, disorder, imbalance, or defect of the mind; defect, infirmity

دخلة dikla intrinsic nature, essence; inner self, innermost, heart, soul (of a person); secret intention |راجع دخلته rāja‘a diḳlatahū to commune with o.s., search one’s soul

دخلة dukla: ليلة الدخلة lailat ad-d. wedding night

دخلة dukkala a variety of warbler

دخيل dakī1 inner, inward, internal; inner self, heart, core; -- (pl. دخلاء dukalā’2) extraneous; foreign, alien; exotic; foreigner, alien, stranger; not genuine, false, spurious; newly added (على to); novice; (new) convert; guest; protégé, charge, ward |كلمة دخيلة (kalima), لفظ دخيل (lafẓ) foreign word or expression; (syr.-pal.) دخيلك (dakīlak) please, if you please

دخيلة dakīla pl. دخائل dakā’il2 inner self, inmost being, intrinsic nature, essence; heart, soul |في دخيلة نفسه inwardly, inside, in his heart; دخائل نفوسنا our inmost being; دخائل الأمور the underlying nature of things, the factors at the bottom of things; دخائل شؤونه d. šu’ūnih his private affairs, (of a country, etc.) its internal affairs

دخول dukūl entry, entranoe, admission; entering, ingress; beginning, setting in; penetration; intrusion, invasion; first coition in marriage (Isl. Law) |دخول الحرب d. al-ḥarb entry into war

دخولية dukūlīya octroi, city toll

دخل madkal pl. مداخل madākil2 entrance; hallway, vestibule, anteroom; entrance hall, lobby, foyer; mouth (of a port, of a canal); O anode (el.); introduction (to a field of learning); behavior, conduct |مدخل السيارات (sayyārāt) driveway; مدخل لدراسة القانون introduction to the study of law; حسن المدخل ḥusn al-m. good manners, good conduct

مداخلة mudākala interference, intervention; participation, interest (في in)

ادخال idkāl leading in, showing in, bringing in, taking in, hauling in; involvement, implication; insertion, interpolation, incorporation, inclusion; introduction (e.g., of a constitution; of an improvement, على on an apparatus, or the like)

تدخل tadakkul entry, entrance; invasion; interference (في with, in), intervention; intrusion, obtrusion | عدم التدخل ‘adam at-t. noninterference, nonintervention (pol.)

تداخل tadākul interference, intervention; interlock, meshing, gearing; superimposition; intergradations; permeation, pervasion; O interference (phy.)

داخل belonging, pertaining (في to), falling (في under), included (في in); inner, inward, inside, interior, internal; inside, interior (of s.th.); dākila (prep.) within, inside, in; داخلا dākilan inside (adv.) |من الداخل from within; from the inside

داخلة dākila pl. دواخل dawākil2 interior, inside, inmost, hidden part; الداخلة the Dakhla oasis (in central Egypt)

داخلي dākilī inner, inward; internal; interior, inside; domestic, home, inland (as opposed to خارجي kārijī external, foreign; pol.); indigenous, native; private; belonging to the house; داخليا dākilīyan inside (adv.) |تلاميذ داخلية boarding students (as opposed to خارجية day students); حرب داخلية (ḥarb) civil war; مدرسة داخلية (madrasa) boarding school; ملابس داخلية underwear; ملاحة داخلية inland navigation

داخلية dākilīya interior |داخلية البلاد the interior of the country, the inland; وزارة الداخلية ministry of the interior; وزير الداخلية minister of the interior

مدخول madkūl sickly, diseased, abnormal; (mentally) disordered; of weak character, spineless; (pl. مداخيل madākīl2) revenue, receipts, takings, returns

دخمس dakmasa (دخمسة , dakmasa) to fool (على s.o.) about one’s real intentions, pull the wool over s.o.’s (على ) eyes; to cheat; to be sly, crafty, artful

دخمسة dakmasa deception, fooling, trickery; cunning, craft, slyness

دخن dakina a to be smoky; to taste or smell of smoke; -- dakina a u to smoke, emit smoke (fire) II to fumigate, fume (هـ s.th.); to smoke, cure with smoke (هـ foodstuffs); to smoke (هـ a cigarette, tobacco, a pipe) IV to smoke, emit smoke (tire) V to be smoked, be cured with smoke; to be fumigated

دخن dukn pearl millet, dukhn

دخن dakan smoke, fume, vapor

دخان dukān (dukkān) pl. ادخنة adkina smoke, fume, vapor; tobacco

دخنة dukna smoke color; a kind of incense (Calamus aromatious)

O دخينة dakīna cigarette

دخاخني dakākinī (eg., tun.) tobacconist

دخن madkana pl. مداخن madākin2 chimney, smokestack, funnel

تدخين tadkīn fumigation; smoking (e.g., of fish); (tobacco) smoking

داخنة dākina pl. دواخن dawākin2 chimney, smokestack, funnel

مدخن mudakkin smoker

ديدبان look up alphabetically

ديدن daidan habit, practice

ددى III to pamper, spoil (ه a child)

در darra i u (darr) to flow copiously; to stream, flow, well; to accrue (على to s.o.; profit, wealth); to be abundant, plentiful IV to cause to flow; to bestow lavishly, heap (على ه s.th. upon s.o.), shower, overwhelm (على ه with s.th. s.o.); to yield (هـ a profit, على to s.o.) X to stream, flow; to be abundant; to cause or try to bring about the abundant flow of (هـ ); to cause s.th. (هـ ) to yield in abundance; to be out for s.th. (هـ ), seek to gain (هـ a profit), try to make (هـ a living)

درر darr milk; achievement, accomplishment |لله دره li-llāhi darruhū (literally: his achievement is due to God) how capable, how good, how excellent he is!

در durr (coll.) pearls

درة durra (n. un.) pl. -āt, درر durar pearl; -- a variety of parrot (Psittacus Alexandri L.)

دري durrī glittering, twinkling, brilliant (star)

درة dirra, darra pl. درر dirar teat; udder

مدرار midrār showering abundant rain (sky, cloud); spouting, pouring forth, welling out

دار dārr flowing copiously; productive, rich, lucrative; profitable

مدر mudirr: مدر البول (baul) diuretic(al), pl. مدرات البول diuretics; مدر العرق (‘araq) sudorific

درأ dara’a (dar’) to reject (هـ s.th.); to avert, ward off (هـ s.th., e.g., خطرا kaṭaran a danger, عن from) VI iddāra’a to contend (في for)

درء dar’ repulsion, prevention, averting; warding off, parrying

دريئة darī’a pl. -āt target

درابزين darābazīn railing, parapet, banisters, balustrade

دراج Durrës (It. Durazzo, seaport in W Albania)

دراق durrāq (syr.) peach

درامي dərāmī dramatic

درب dariba a (darab, درب durba) to be accustomed, be used (ب to), be practiced, trained, skilled (ب in) II to habituate, accustom (هـ, ه s.o.) s.th., في or ب or على to); to practice, drill (ه s.o., على ب or على in); to school, train, coach, tutor (ه s.o., في, ب or على in) V to be accustomed, be used (على or في to); to be or become practiced, skilled, trained, drilled, schooled (على or فى in); to train (athlet.)

درب darb pl. دروب durūb narrow mountain pass; path, trail, track; road; alley, lane|درب التبانة d. at-tabbāna the Milky Way

دربة durba habituation, habitude, habit; familiarity (with s.th.), experience; skill, practice

دريبة darība court of first instance (Tun.)

تدريب tadrīb habituation, accustoming; practice; drill; schooling, training, coaching, tutoring| التدريب العسكري (‘askarī) military training

مدرب mudarrib pl. -ūn instructor, drill instructor; trainer, coach (atthlet.); tamer (of wild animals)

مدرب mudarrab experienced; practiced, skilled; trained; schooled

درازين darābazīn and درزين darbazīn railing, parapet, banisters, balustrade

دربس darbasa to bolt (هـ a door)

درباس dirbās pl. درابيس darābīs2 bolt, doorbolt

دربكة darabukka (eg.), dirbakka (syr.) pl. –āt darabukka, a conical, one-headed hand drum, open at the small end

دربكة darbaka banging or rattling noise, din, uproar, turmoil

درج daraja u (دروج durūj) to go, walk, move, proceed, advance (slowly); to approach gradually, step by step (الى s.th.); to follow a course (على ), proceed along the lines of (على ), proceed in such and such a manner (على ); to go away, leave, depart; to outgrow (من a nest, a habitation); to be past, bygone, over (time); to have passed away, be extinct; to circulate, be in circulation, be current, have currency; to grow up (child); -- (darj) to roll up, roll together (هـ s.th.); to wrap, wind, twist (على هـ s.th. around); -- darija a to rise or advance step by step|درج العرف على daraja l-‘urfu ‘alā it has become the general practice to II to make (ه s.o.) rise or advance by steps, promote (ه s.o.) by degrees; to move or bring (هـ s.th.) gradually closer (الى to); to approximate (الى هـ s.th. to); to roll up, fold up (هـ s.th.); to circulate, put into circulation (هـ s.th.), give currency (هـ to s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) the general practice; to divide into degrees, steps or grades, graduate, grade, gradate (هـ s.th.); to insert, include, enter (فى هـ s.th. in) III to go, keep up (هـ with, e.g., with the time, with a fashion) IV to insert, include, incorporate, embody (فى هـ s.th. in); to enter, register (فى هـ s.th., e.g., in a list), book (هـ s.th.) V to progress by steps, advance gradually; to proceed step by step (الى to); to make progress (فى in); to graduate, grade, be graded, graduated, gradated VII to be inserted, entered, incorporated, embodied, included (فى in); to be classified (فى in, تحت under) X to make (ه s.o.) advance or rise gradually, promote (ه s.o.) by degrees; to lead (ه s.o.) gradually (الى to), bring (ه s.o.) around to (الى, ل ); to bait, allure (ه s.o.); to entice, tempt, lure into destruction (ه s.o.)

درج darj entry, entering, registering, registration, recording; a rolled or folded paper; roll, scroll| فى درج الكتاب in the book; فى درج الكلام d. il-kalām in the course of the talk

درج durj pl. ادراج adrāj drawer (of a table, desk, etc.); desk (e.g., for pupils in school)

درج daraj pl. ادراج adrāj way, route, course; flight of steps, stairs, staircase| رجع ادراجه raja‘a adrājahū (also عاد ادراجه ) to retrace one's steps, go back the way one came; to go back, turn back; ذهب ادراج الرياح (adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to nothing, be futile, be in vain

درجة daraja pl. -at step, stair; flight of steps, stairs, staircase; degree, step, tone (of a scale; mus.); degree (math., geogr.; of temperature); grade, fate; degree, order, rank; club (also, e.g., in trains, of a decoration); phase state, stage (of a development); mark, grade (in school)| درجة الحرارة d. al-ḥarāra (degree of) temperature; الدرجات العليا (‘ulyā) the maximal temperatures; الدرجات السفلى (suflā) the minimal temperatures; درجة الطول d. aṯ-ṯūl degree of longitude (geogr.); درجة علمية (جامعية ) (‘ilmīya, jāmi’īya) academic degree; درجة العقل d. al-'aql level of intelligence, IQ; دفتر الدرجات report card (in school); من (فى) الدرجة الاولى (ūlā) first-rate, first-class; ذو درجة of superior quality, high-grade, high-class; لدرجة ان (li-darajati) to the extent that ; to such an extent that ...; to much that ...

دراج durrāj pl. دراريج darārīj2 francolin (zool.); see also alphabetically

تدرج tadruj2, تدرجة tadruja pheasant

دراجة darrāja pl. -at bicycle|دراجة نارية motorcycle

مدرج madraj pl. مدارج madārij2 way that one follows or pursues; course, route; road, path; starting point, outset, rise, growth, birth, dawn, beginning(s); tarmac, runway (of an airfield); (as also mudarraj) amphitheater; (amphitheatered) auditorium or lecture room; grandstand, bleachers| منذ مدرجه since its beginnings; مدرج نشأته naš’atihī the place where he grew up; سار فى مدارج الرقي (m. ir-ruqīy) to travel the road of progress

تدريج tadrīj graduation; classification, categorization; gradation| على التدريج, مع التدريج, بالتدريج gradually, by and by, by degrees, by steps, step by step, more and more

تدريجى tadrījī gradual, gradatory, progressive; تدريجيا tadrījīyan gradually, by and by, by steps, by degrees, in stages

ادراج idrāj insertion, interpolation, incorporation; entry, registration, recording (فى in a list)

تدرج tadarruj gradual advance or progress; gradation, graduation| بالتدرج gradually, by and by; تدرج ارتقائه t. irtiqā’ihi his gradual rise

استدراج istidrāj capability of gradually winning s.o. over, persuasiveness, art of persuasion

دراج darrāj current, prevalent, widespread, popular, common, in vogue, circulating, in circulation| الكلام الدراج (kalām) and اللغة الدارجة (luga) the popular language, colloquial language

مدرج mudarraj graded, graduated; -- (pl. -āt) open staircase, open-air stairs, fliers, stoop; grandstand, bleachers; amphitheater; (amphitheatered) auditorium or lecture room

مدرج mudrai inserted, interpolated, incorporated; entered, registered; contained, included (فى, ب in), comprised (فى, ب by)

درد darida a (darad) to become toothless, lose one’s teeth

ادرد adrad2 toothless

دردى durdī sediment, dregs, lees

دردبيس dardabīs ugly old woman. hag

دردرة dardara roar, rush (of water); idle talk, prattle, chatter

دردار dardār elm (bot.)

دردور durdūr eddy, whirlpool, vortex

دردش dardaša idle talk, prattle, chatter

1 درز daraza u to sew, stitch

درز darz pl. دروز durūz seam, hem; suture

2 درزى durzī pl. دروز durūz Druse|جبل الدروز jabal ad-d. the Jebel ed Druz, the mountainous homeland of the Druses in S Syria

درس darasa u (dars) to wipe out, blot out, obliterate, efface, extinguish (هـ s.th.); to thresh (هـ grain); to learn, study (هـ s.th., على under s.o.), درس العلم على (‘ilm) to study under (a teacher, a professor); -- u (دروس durūs) to be effaced, obliterated, blotted out, extinguished II to teach; to instruct (ه s.o., هـ in s.th.); III to study (ه together with s.o.) VI to study (هـ s.th.) carefully together VII to become or he wiped out, blotted out, effaced, obliterated, extinguished

درس dars effacement, obliteration, extinction; -- (pl. دروس durūs) study, studies; lesson, chapter (of a textbook); class, class hour, period; lecture; lesson (taught by experience, etc.)| القى دروسا عن (alqā) to lecture on ; اعطى دروسا (a‘ṯā) to give lessons; دروس منزلية (manzilīya) homework (of a pupil or student)

دراس dirās threshing (of grain)

دراسة dirasa pl. -āt studies; study| دراسة عالية (‘āliya) collegiate studies; دراسة ثانوية (tānawīya) attendance of a secondary school, secondary education, high-school education; دراسة متوسطة (mutawassiṯa) secondary education, high-school education (Syr.)

دراسى dirāsī of or pertaining to study or studies; scholastic, school; instructional, educational, teaching, tuitional| رسوم دراسية tuition fees; سنة دراسية (sana) academic year; scholastic year, school year

دريس darīs dried clover

عمال الدريسة ‘ummāl ad-darīsa (eg.) railroad section gang, gandy dancers

دراس darrās pl. -ūn (eager) student

O دراسة darrāsa flail; threshing machine|O حصادة دراسة (ḥaṣṣāda) combine

درواس dirwās mastiff

مدرسة madrasa pl. مدارس madāris2 madrasah (a religious hoarding school associated with a mosque); school| مدرسة ابتدائية (ibtidā’īya) the lower grades of a secondary school, approx. = junior high school; مدرسة اولية (awwalīya) elementary school, grade school; مدرسة ثانوية (tānawīya) secondary school, high school; مدرسة تجارية (tijārīya) commercial college or school; مدرسة حربية (ḥarbīya) military academy; مدرسة داخلية (dāḳilīya) boarding school; مدرسة عالية (عليا ) (‘āliya, ‘ulyā) college; مدرسة الفنون والصنائع school of industrial arts, school of applied art and handicraft; مدرسة كبرى (kubrā) college; المدرسة القديمة the old “school” (= intellectual or artistic movement)

مدرسي madrasī scholastic, school

تدريس tadrīs teaching, instruction, tuition |هيئة التدريس hai’at at-t. teaching staff; faculty, professoriate (of an academic institution)

دارس dāris pl. دوارس dawāris2 effaced, obliterated; old, dilapidated, crumbling |تجدد دارسه tajaddada dārisuhū to rise from one’s ashes

مدرس mudarris pl. -ūn teacher, instructor; lecturer |مدرس مساعد (musā‘id) assistant professor

درع II to arm; to armor, equip with armor (هـ s.th.) V and VIII iddara‘a to arm o.s., take up arms, put on armor

درع dir‘ m. and f., pl. دروع durū‘, ادرع adru‘, ادراع adrā‘ coat of mail, hauberk; (suit of) plate armor; armor plate; armor; armature; (pl. ادراع adrā‘) chemise

دراعة darrā‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser

دراعة durrā‘a pl. درارع darārī‘2 loose outer garment with sleeves, slit in front

دارع dāri‘ armored, armor-clad, ironclad

دارعة dāri‘a pl. دوارع dawārī‘2 armored cruiser

مدرع mudarra‘ armored; armadillo (zool.) | قوة مدرعة (qūwa) tank corps; سيارة مدرعة (sayyāra) armored car; مشاة مدرعون (mušāh) armored infantry (mil.)

مدرعة mudarra‘a pl. -āt armored cruiser

درف darf side, flank, wing; protection

درفة darfa pl. درف diraf leaf (of a double door or window)

درفيل darfīl dolphin

1 درقة daraqa (leather) shield

O درق daraq thyroid gland

درقي daraqī shield-shaped; thyroid | الغدة الدرقية (gudda) thyroid gland

2 دراق look up alphabetically

1 درك II to last, continue, keep up (rains) III to reach, get, catch, overtake, outdistance, outrun (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), catch up, come up (هـ, ه with); to keep up, continue without interruption (هـ s.th.) IV to attain, reach (هـ s.th.), arrive (هـ at); to get, catch, overtake (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), catch up, come up (هـ, ه with); to come suddenly, unexpectedly (ه upon s.o.), overtake (ه s.o.; death); to obtain (هـ s.th.); to grasp, comprehend (هـ s.th.); to perceive, discern, notice (هـ s.th.); to realize, understand (هـ s.th.), become aware, become conscious (هـ of s.th.); to mature, ripen (e.g., a fruit); to attain puberty, reach sexual maturity (boy) V تداركت الشمس الى المغيب (šams, magīb) the sun prepared to set VI to reach and seize one another; to continue without interruption, go on incessantly; to face, meet, obviate, take steps to prevent (هـ s.th.); to put in order, set right, correct (هـ s.th.), make amends (هـ for), provide compensation or indemnity (هـ for a loss, or the like) X to correct, rectify, emend (هـ s.th.); to set right, put in order, straighten out (هـ s.th.); to make good, repair, redress (هـ a damage, a mistake, etc.), make up (هـ for); to supplement, supply (هـ that which is missing); to anticipate, forestall, obviate (هـ an event)

درك darak attainment, achievement, accomplishment; overtaking, catching up; police; (pl. ادراك adrāk) bottom, lowest level

دركي darakī policeman

دركة daraka lowest level; pl. –āt descending steps (as opposed to درجات ; cf. درجات الحيات ودركات الموت darajāt al-ḥayāh wa-d. al-maut)

دراك darrāk much-accomplishing, efficient, successful

مدارك madārik2 mental faculties, mental powers, intelligence, intellectual capacities, perception, discernment |المدارك الخمس the five senses

دراكا dirākan (adv.) constantly, incessantly, without interruption

ادراك idrāk reaching, attainment, achievement, accomplishment; realization, perception, discernment, awareness, consciousness (فقد الادراك faqd al-i. unconsciousness); comprehension, understanding, grasp; reason, intelligence; sexual maturity, puberty; age of maturity |سن الادراك of sinn al-i. age of discretion (Isl. Law)

تدرك tadarruk gradual decline

استدراك istidrāk redress, reparation; correction, emendation, rectification

مدرك mudrik rational, reasonable, endowed with reason, intelligent; (sexually) mature, pubescent, at the age of puberty

مدركات mudrakāt realizations; cognitions; fixed notions, established concepts

2 درك (Engl.) derrick, derrick crane

درم darima a to fall out (teeth) II to clip, trim (هـ nails)

درن darina a (daran) to be dirty, filthy IV do. V to suffer from tuberculosis

درن darn pl. ادران adrān dirt, filth; tubercles; tuberculosis | درن رئوي (ri’awī) pulmonary tuberculosis

درنة darana (n. un.) pl. -āt tubercle; small tumor, outgrowth, excrescence, tuberculc, nodule

درني daranī tubercular, tuberculous

تدرن tadarrun tuberculosis |تدرن رئوي (ri’awī) and تدرن الرئة t. ar-ri’a pulmonary tuberculosis

تدرني tadarrunī tuberculous

متدرن mutadarrin affected with tubercles, tuberculated

مدره midrāh pl. مداره madārih2 spokesman

درهم dirham pl. دراهم darāhim2 dirhem, drachma (Ir. = coin of 50 فلس ); a weight (Eg. = 1/12 اوقية = ca. 3.12 g); دراهم money, cash

دريهمات duraihimāt (dimin. with a derogatory sense; approx.:) pennies

دروة dirwa pl. -āt (eg.) protecting screen or wall; parapet

درواس dirwās mastiff

درويش darwīš pl. دراويش darāwīš2 dervish

1 درى darī ī (دراية dirāya) to know (ب or هـ s.th. or of s.th.); to be aware, be cognizant (ب or هـ of); to understand, comprehend (ب or هـ s.th.) |وما يدري الا و all of a sudden there was III to flatter, treat with flattery or gentle courtesy, cajole, coax (ه s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead (ه s.o.); to dissemble; to conceal, hide, mask, disguise (ه s.th.) IV to let (ه s.o.) know (ب s.th. or about s.th.), inform, notify, advise (ب ه s.o. of) |وما ادراك ما (adrāka), also وما ادراك ب do you realize what is? you don’t even know what means! VI to hide, conceal o.s.

دراية dirāya knowledge, cognizance, acquaintance

ادرى adrā more knowledgeable, better informed, knowing better (ب s.o., s.th.), better acquainted (ب with)

لا ادري lā-adrī a skeptic

مداراة mudārāh sociability, affability, companionableness

دار dārin knowing, aware, cognizant (ب of s.th.)

2 مدرى midran, مدرة midra (= مردى mirdan), مدراة midrāh pl. مدار madārin pole (esp. one for punting boats)

درياق diryāq (= ترياق ) theriaca; antidote

دزينة (It. dozzina) dazzīna dozen

دس dassa u (dass) to put, get, slip, shove, thrust, insert (في هـ s.th. into); to bury (في هـ s.th. in the ground); to instill, infuse (في ب, هـ s.th. in); to administer surreptitiously (السم as-samma poison, ل to s.o.); to foist (في هـ s.th. into); to smuggle (في هـ s.th. into, بين ه s.o. among); to interpolate (هـ s.th.); to intrigue, scheme, plot (على, ل against s.o.) |دس الدسائس to engage in secret machinations, intrigue scheme II to put in, get in, slip in, shove in, thrust in, insert (هـ s.th.); to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.) V to engage (secretly, الى in); to be hidden (في in) VII to slip (بين between or among, في into), creep, steal, sneak (بين among, في into), infiltrate (في s.th.); to ingratiate o.s., insinuate o.s. (في or الى to s.o., into s.o.’s confidence); to be hidden

دسيسة dasīsa pl. دسائس dasā’is intrigue, machination, scheme, plot |دس الدسائس dass ad-d. machinations, intrigues, scheming, plotting (ضد against); plot, conspiracy

دساس dassās pl. -ūn intriguant, intriguer, schemer, plotter, conspirator; sand snake (Eryx jaculus)

1 دست dast pl. دسوت dusūt place of honor, seat of honor, seat of office; council |دست الحكم d. al-ḥukm (a ruler’s) throne

2 دست dist pl. دسوت dusūt kettle, boiler, caldron made of copper (eg., syr.)

3 دستة dasta dozen; pack, packet, package

دستور dustūr pl. دساتير dasātīr2 statute; regulations; by-laws; (basic) constitutional law; constitution (pol.); -- (colloq.) dastūr permission

دستوري dustūrī constitutional |النظام الدستورى constitutional form of government

دستورية dustūrīya constitutionality | عدم الدستورية ’adam ad-d. unconstitutionality

دسر dasara u (dasr) to push, shove, push off (هـ s.th.)

O داسر dāsir propeller, airscrew

دسكر daskara pl. دساكر dasākir2 village

دسم dasam fatness (of meat); fat, grease

دسم dasim fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, grubby; rich, abundant, substantial; meaty, pithy, full of thoughts (e.g., reading material)

ادسم adsam2, f. دسماء dasmā’2, pl. دسم dusm very fat; fatty, greasy, grimy, grubby; -- richer, more substantial, pithier

دسامة dasāma fattiness, greasiness, griminess, grubbiness

دسومة dusūma fatness; richness, substantiality

دسام dassām plug, stopper

ديسم daisam amaranth (bot.)

دسمبر disembir, disambir December

دسو II to introduce, bring in (هـ s.th.) V to be hidden, concealed; to penetrate (الى into)

دش (Fr. douche) duš shower, douche

دشيش dašīš and دشيشة a kind of porridge made of crushed wheat and butter

دشت dašt junk, trash, rubbish, refuse

دشن II to hand over, present (هـ s.th.); to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate (هـ s.th.)

تدشين tadšīn consecration, dedication, inauguration | تدشين الكنيشة consecration of the church

دشو V to belch, burp, eruct

دعة da‘a see ودع

دع da‘‘ to rebuff, turn down (contemptuously, II the poor, an orphan)

دعب da‘aba a (دعابة du‘āba) to joke, jest, make fun (ه with s.o.) III to play, toy (ه, هـ with s.th., with s.o.); to joke, jest, make fun (ه with s.o.); to give (ه s.o.) a good-natured slap or smack (ب ); to flirt (ها with a woman) ; to dally, philander, play around (ها with a woman); to play (ه about s.o.; e.g., waves); to stroke gently, caress, fondle (ه s.th.); to beguile, tempt, delude (ه s.o.; said of hopes); to play (هـ a musical instrument) | داعب البيانو to play on the piano VI to make fun, have fun together, have a good time

داعب dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, gay, funny

دعابة du‘āba pl. -āt joking, jesting, fun-making, fun; joke, jest

دعاب da‘‘āb jocose, playful, jolly, gay

مداعبة mudā‘aba pl. -āt play, fun-making, fun; joke, jest; pleasantry; dalliance, flirtation, philandery

داعب dā‘ib joking, jocose, playful, jolly, gay, funny

مداعب mudā‘ib joking, jesting

دعبل di‘bil frog spawn, frog’s eggs

مدعبل muda‘bal indisposed, out of sorts; round, ball-shaped

ادعج ad‘aj2, f. دعجاء da‘jā’2, pl. دعج du‘j black-eyed; deep-black and large (eye)

دعر da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be immoral

دعر da‘ar immorality, indecency

دعر da‘ir unchaste, lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene, bawdy, immoral, indecent

دعارة da‘āra, di‘āra indecency, immorality, licentiousness, debauchery |بيت الدعارة bait ad-d. brothel

داعر dā‘ir pl. دعار du‘‘ār unchaste, lewd, licentious, dissolute, obscene, bawdy, indecent, immoral

دعس da‘asa a (da‘s) to tread underfoot, trample down, crush (هـ s.th.); to knock down, run over (ه s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I

دعك da‘aka a (da‘k) to rub (هـ s.th.); to scrub, scour (هـ s.th.); to scrub on a washboard (هـ laundry); to crush, squash, mash (هـ s.th.); to crumple (هـ paper)

دعم da‘ama a (da‘m) and II to support, hold up (هـ s.th.); to prop, shore up, stay, buttress, underpin (هـ s.th.); to cement, consolidate, strengthen (هـ s.th.) VIII ادعم idda‘ama to be supported; to rest, be based (على on)

دعمة da‘ma pl. دعم di‘am support, prop

دعامة di‘āma pl. -āt, دعائم da‘ā’im2 support, prop, stay, shore; pier; buttress; pillar (esp. fig., e.g., دعائم السيادة pillars of authority)

تدعيم tad‘īm support, strengthening, reinforcement, consolidation, underpinning

دعو ) and دعي) دعا da‘ā u (دعاء du‘ā’) to call (ه s.o.); to summon (ب or ه s.o.), call or send for s.o. (ب or ه ); to call up (ب s.o., الى, ل for); to call upon s.o. (ه ), appeal to s.o. (ه ) for s.th. or to do s.th. (ل, الى ), invite, urge (ل, الى ه s.o. to do s.th.); to invite, ask to come (الى ه s.o. to; e.g., to a banquet); to move, induce, prompt (ل, الى ه s.o. to do s.th.), prevail (ل, الى ه on s.o. to do s.th.); to call (ب, هـ ه s.o. by a name), name (ب, هـ ه s.o. so and so), pass.: دعي du‘iya to be called, be named; to invoke (الله God = to pray to); to wish (ل s.o.) well, bless (ل s.o.; properly: to invoke God in favor of s.o.), invoke a blessing (ب ) upon s.o. (ل ), pray (ب for s.th., ل on behalf of s.o.), implore (ب ل for s.o. s.th.); to curse (على s.o.; properly: to invoke God against s.o.), call down evil, invoke evil (على upon s.o.); to propagate, propagandize (ل s.th.), make propaganda, make publicity (ل for); to demand, require (الى s.th.), call for (الى ); to call forth, bring about, cause, provoke, occasion (الى s.th.), give rise (الى to) |دعي للاجتماع (du‘ya) to be summoned, be called into session (parliament); دعي الى حمل السلاح du‘iya ilā ḥamli a-silāḥ to be called up for military service, be called to the colors; رجل يدعى (yud‘ā) a man called ..., a man by the name of ...; دعا له بطول العمر (ṭūli l-‘umr) he wished him a long life III to challenge (ه s.o.); to pick a quarrel (ه with); to proceed judicially (ه against), prosecute (ه s.o.) VI to challenge each other, call each other forth or out, summon each other; to evoke one another (thoughts, reminiscences, sentiments); to be dilapidated, be tumble-down, threaten to fall (walls); to sink, subside, cave in; to fall down, sink to the ground (person); to collapse, break down, decline, degenerate (fig., of a cultural phenomenon); to dock together, rally VIII ادعى idda‘ā to allege, claim, maintain (هـ s.th., ان that); to lay claim (هـ to s.th.), demand, claim (هـ s.th.); to make undue claims (هـ to s.th.), arrogate (to o.s.), assume unduly or presumptuously (هـ s.th.); to effect, feign, simulate, pretend, purport (ب s.th.); to testify (in court); to accuse (ب or هـ على s.o. of), charge (ب or هـ على s.o. with), blame (ب or هـ على s.o. for), hold s.th. (ب or هـ ) against s.o. (على ) X to call or send (ه for s.o.), summon (ه s.o.); to cite, summon for examination or trial (ه s.o.; court, police); to recall (ه s.o., e.g., a diplomatic envoy); to call, appoint (ه s.o., e.g., a professor to a chair); to invoke (ه s.o.); to invite, urge (الى ه s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (الى ه to s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.), call upon s.o. (ه ) to do s.th. (الى ), appeal (الى ه to s.o. for s.th. or to do s.th.); to call for (هـ ), require, demand, necessitate, make necessary or requisite (هـ s.th.)

دعوة da‘wa call; appeal; bidding, demand, request; call, convocation, summons (الى to), calling up, summoning; (official) summons, citation; invitation; claim, demand, plea; missionary activity, missionary work (also نشر الدعوة našr ad-d.), propaganda; -- (pl. دعوات da‘awāt) invocation, imploration, supplication, prayer; good wish |دعوات صالحات good wishes; دعوة بالشر (šarr) imprecation, curse; صاحب الدعوة host

دعوى da‘wā pl. دعاوى da‘āwā, دعاو da‘āwin allegation, pretension; claim; lawsuit, case, action, legal proceedings (Isl. Law) |بدعوى ان on the pretext that ...

دعي da‘īy pl. ادعياء ad‘iyā’2 adopted son; bastard; braggart, bigmouth, show-off; pretender; swindler, impostor

دعاء du‘ā’ pl. ادعية ad‘iya call; invocation of God, supplication, prayer; request, plea; good wish (ل for s.o.); imprecation, course (على against s.o.)

ادعى ad‘ā more conducive, more stimulating, of greater incentive (الى, ل to), causing or provoking to a greater extent (الى, ل s.th.)

دعاوة da’āwa, di‘āwa pl. -āt propaganda (pol.); publicity (الى for)

دعاوى da‘āwī, di‘āwī propagandistic

دعاية di‘āya propaganda (pol.)

دعائي di‘ā’ī propagandistic

مدعاة mad‘āh determining factor, decisive motive or incentive, cause, occasion

تداع tadā‘in imminent collapse, impending breakdown; mutual summoning |تداعى المعانى tadā‘ī l-ma‘ānī association of ideas

ادعاء iddi‘ā’ pl. -āt claim; arrogation, undue assumption, presumption; allegation; pretension, pretense; accusation, charge; الادعاء the prosecution (in a court of justice)

استدعاء istid‘ā’ summons, summoning; recall, calling back; official summons, citation

داع dā‘in pl. دعاة du‘āh one who invites, inviter; propagandist; host; motive, reason, cause |لا داعي (dā‘iya) it is not necessary, there is no need, there is no cause (ل for)

داعية dā‘iya one who calls for s.th. (الى ), invites to s.th. (الى ); propagandist (with foll. genit. or الى : of s.th.), herald; (pl. دواع dawā‘in) motive, reason, cause, occasion; pl. دواع requirements, exigencies |داعية حرب warmonger; لدواع صحية li-dawā‘in ṣiḥḥīya for reasons of health; من دواعي سروري it gives me great pleasure ...

مدعو mad‘ūw one invited, guest; called, named, by the name of

متداع mutadā‘in evoking one another, one leading to the other (reminiscences, thoughts); frail. shaky (constitution); dilapidated, tumble-down; ready to fall, threatened with collapse; declining, in a stage of decline, on the downgrade

مدع muda‘in one who makes an allegation or pretension, alleger, pretender; claimer, claimant; plaintiff; prosecutor (jur.); arrogant, presumptuous, bumptious |المدعي العمومي (‘umūmī) the public prosecutor; المدعى العام (‘āmm) do. (Mor.)

مدعى muda‘an claimed; المدعى عليه the defendant (jur.); pl. مدعيات muda‘ayāt claims, pretensions

مستدع mustad‘in applicant, petitioner

دغدغ dagdaga to tickle (ه s.o.); to crush; to chew, munch (هـ s.th.)

1 دغر dagara a (dagr, دغرى dagrā) to attack (على s.o.). fall upon s.o. (على )

دغر dagr attack, assault

دغرى dagrā attack, assault

2 دغرى dugrī (eg., syr.) direct, straight; straight ahead

دغش IV ادغشت الدنيا adgašat id-dunyā it became dark, twilight fell

دغش dagaš darkness, dusk, twilight

دغيشة dagīša darkness, dusk

دغص dagiṣa a (dagaṣ) to be chock-full, on tile point of bursting

داغصة dāgiṣa pl. دواغص dawāgiṣ knee-pan, kneecap, patella

دغل dagal pl. ادغال adgāl, دغال digāl place with luxuriant tree growth; thicket, bush, jungle; -- defectiveness, faultiness, corruption

داغل dagil covered with dense undergrowth (place); impenetrable; corrupted

مدغل mudgil covered with dense undergrowth (place); false, perfidious, insidious (in character)

دغم IV and VIII ادغم iddagama to put (في هـ s.th. into), insert, incorporate, embody (في هـ s.th. in); (gram.) to contract (في هـ one letter into another), assimilate (في هـ s.th. to) VII to be incorporated, embodied, merged, amalgamated; to be assimilated, contracted

دف daffa i (دفيف dafīf) to flap the wings (bird) II to hurry, rush

دف daff pl. دفوف dufūf side; lateral surface

دف duff, daff pl. دفوف dufūf tambourine

دفة daffa side; leaf (of a double door or window); cover (of a book), الدفتان the two covers of a book; rudder, helm |قائد الدفة or مدير الدفة mudīr ad-d. steersman, helmsman; قبض على دفة التنفيذ to take the helm, make o.s. the leader; يد الدفة yad ad-d. tiller; من الدفة للشابورة (eg.) all together, one and all, all without exception

دفية diffīya (eg.) loose woolen cloak

دفئ dafi’a a and دفؤ dafu’a u to be warm; to feel warm II and IV to warm, heat (هـ s.th.) V, VIII ادفأ iddafa’a and X to warm o.s.

دفء dif’ warmth, warmness, heat

دفئ dafi’ and دفيء dafī’ warm

دفآن daf’ān2, f. دفأى daf’ā warm

دفاء difā’ heating

دفاءة dafā’a warmth, warmness, heat

دفاية daffāya pl. -āt stove

مدفأ midfa’ and مدفأة midfa’a pl. مدافئ madāfi’2 stove, heating stove

تدفئة tadfi’a heating, generation of heat

دفتر daftar pl. دفاتر dafātir 2 booklet; notebook, copybook; daybook, journal; ledger (com.); roster, register, official register | دفتر حسابي (ḥisābī) account book; bank-book, passbook; دفتر الحسابات d. al-ḥisābāt letter file, letter book, folder, portfolio; دفتر الشروط publication setting forth the terms of a purchase, the conditions of a lease, the stipulations of a contract, or the like; دفتر الاشتراك subscription booklet; دفتر الصندوق d. aṣ-ṣundūq cashbook (com.); دفتر المساحة cadastre, land register; دفتر اليومية d. al-yaumīya diary, journal; مسك الدفاتر mask ad-d. bookkeeping

دفترخانة daftarkāna archives, public records office (Eg.) | دفترخانة الأملاك العقارية d. al-amlāk al-‘aqārīya land-registry office (Tun.)

دفتيريا diftēriyā diphtheria

دفر dafara to push, push back (ه s.o.); dafira a (dafar) to stink

دفر dafar stench

دفر dafir stinking, fetid

دفس dafasa to hide (A s.th.); to push

دفع dafa‘a a (daf‘) to push; to push away, shove away, push back, drive back, repel, remove, dislodge, drive away (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); دفعه جانبا (jāniban) to push, shove, or elbow, s.o. aside; to rid (عن نفسه o.s., هـ of s.th.), get rid of s.th.; to get the better (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.), conquer, master control (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to fight (ب هـ s.th. with); to reject, repudiate (هـ s.th.); to rebut, refute, disprove (هـ s.th.); to propel, drive (هـ s.th.); to move, cause, urge, impel, egg on, goad (ه or ب s.o., الى or ل to do s.th.), induce, incite, force, compel, oblige (ه or ب s.o., الى or ل to), make s.o. (ب or ه ) do s.th. (الى or ل ); to band over, present, turn over (ل or الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to pay (ثمنا tamanan a price, الى or ل to s.o.) |دفع خطاه الى (kuṭāhū) to wend one’s way to III to resist, withstand (ه s.o., .s.th.). offer resistance (هـ, ه to); to contradict, oppose (ه s.o., عن so as to make him abstain from s.th.), dissuade (ه s.o., عن from); to suppress (هـ s.th.); to defend (عن s.o., s.th.), uphold (عن s.th.); to be entrusted with the defense (عن of s.th., of s.o., also jur.) V to dash forward; to dart off, rush off; to pour forth, flow, stream, gush forth (water); to spring up, make itself felt (an idea, a social tendency, and the like) VI to shove or push one another; to push or shove one another away or aside; to push off, shove off (عن from); to issue in intermittent bursts, gush forth intermittently; to burst forth, rush out, sally (من from); to be propelled, be driven forward; to storm forward VII to dart off, rush off; to proceed rashly, blindly, without forethought; to be too impetuous, be too hotheaded; to plunge headlong (في into s.th.); to rush, dart. make (الى at s.th.), pounce (الى on s.th.); to rush off, hurry off, go quickly (الى to; with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.); to give o.s. (ل to s.o.); to burst forth, gush out, pour forth, spurt, spout, flow, run (من from; water); to let o.s. be carried away or be overcome (وراء by s.th., e.g., وراء شهواته šahawātihī by one’s bodily appetites, وراء شعوره by one’s feelings, وراء العاجلة by worldly things); to proceed, set out, begin (with foll. imperf.: to do s.th.) X to try to ward off or stave off (هـ s.th., ب by)

دفع daf‘ pushing back, shoving aside; repulsion. driving away, driving off; dispelling; parrying, warding off, staving off; repulse, rejection. repudiation; rebuttal; handing over, turning in; payment

دفعة daf‘a (n. vic.) pl. dafa‘āt shove, push, thrust; impetus, impact, momentum, forceful impulse, drive; ejaculation; payment; deposit; disbursement; pl. issues (stock market)

دفعة daf‘a pl. dufu‘āt, dafa‘āt that which issues at anyone time, a burst, a gush, a spurt, and the like; time, instance |دفعة واحدة (duf‘atan) all at one time, all at once, in one stroke, in one fell swoop; هذه الدفعة this time; ست دفعات six times; على دفعات متفاوتة (mutafāwita) at different times

دفاع daffā’ propelling, impelling, giving impetus; O piston (techn.)

مدفع midfa’ pl. مدافع madāfi‘2 gun, cannon |O مدافع بعيدة المرمى (ba‘īdat al-marmā) long-range guns; مدفع رشاش (raššāš) machine gun; O مدافع ضخمة (ḍakma) heavy artillery; O المدافع المضاد للطائرات (muḍādda) or المدافع المقاومة للطائرات (muqāwima) antiaircraft guns; O مدفع ثلاثي مضاد للطائرات (tulātī, muḍādd) three-barreled anti-aircraft gun (mil.); مدفع هون m. hāwun mortar; ضرب مدفع الظهر ḍarb m. aẓ-ẓuhr marking of exact noon by cannon shot

مدفعي midfa‘ī gun-, cannon-, artillery- (in compounds); artilleryman, gunner, cannoneer

مدفعية midfa‘īya artillery

دفاع difā‘ protection; defense (عن of s.th., of s.o., also jur.) |خط الدفاع kaṭṭ ad-d. line of defense; halfbacks (soccer); مجلس الدفاع majlis ad-d. defense council; وزارة الدفاع ministry of defense, war ministry; الدفاع الوطني (waṭanī) national defense; الدفاع المضاد للطائرات (muḍādd) anti-aircraft defense; دفاع شرعي legitimate self-defense

دفاعي difā‘ī defensive, protective

مدافعة mudāfa‘a defense (عن of s.th.)

اندفاع indifā‘ pl. -āt rush(ing), plunging, plunge (في into); outburst, outbreak eruption; élan, dash, impetuosity, rashness, hotheadedness, fire, exuberance, effusiveness; self-abandon; اندفاعا indifā‘an spontaneously

اندفاعة indifā‘a (n. vic.) sudden outburst, outbreak (e.g., of wailing)

دافع dāfi‘ repellent, expellant; driving, pushing, giving impetus, incentive, impellent, propelling, propulsive, etc.; repeller; payer, e.g., دافعوا الضرائب the tax-payers; (pl. دوافع dawfi‘2) incentive, impulse, impetus, spur, motive; بدافع (with foll. genit.) motivated by ..., by reason of ..., on the strength of …

مدفوعات madfū‘āt payments

مدافع mudāfi‘ defender (عن of s.o., of s.th.)

دفق dafaqa u i (dafq) to pour out, pour forth (هـ s.th.); -- u (dafq, دفوق dufūq) to be shed; to flow, well out, spout, gush forth; to overflow (0 with s.th.) V to pour forth, spout forth, gush forth; to rush in; to break forth, break out, burst out; to go off (shot); to plunge blindly (في, الى into s.th.); to rush (على against); to crowd (على into) VII = V

دفق dafq pouring out, effusion

دفقة dufqa pl. dufuqāt, dufaqāt, dufqāt = دفعة duf‘a |دفقة واحدة (dufqatan) = دفعة واحدة; دفقات الريح d. ar-rīḥ gusts; دفقة من الماء gush of water

دفاق dafāq bursting forth, darting out, rushing out

تدفق tadaffuq outpour, outflow, issue, effluence, efflux, effusion; influx, run, rush, inrush, inpour; outbreak, outburst; impulsiveness; exuberance, effusiveness

دافق dāfiq pl. دوافق dawāfiq2 bursting forth, breaking out, erupting; gushing, torrential

متدفق mutadaffiq impulsive; exuberant, effusive

دفلى diflā oleander (Nerium oleander L.; bot.)

دفن dafana i (dafn) to bury, inter, inhume (ه s.o.); to hide, conceal, keep secret (هـ s.th.)

دفن dafn burial, interment, inhumation

دفين dafn pl. دفناء dufanā’2 buried, intend; hidden, secret

دفينة dafīna pl. دفائن dafā’in2 hidden treasure, treasure-trove

مدفن madfan, مدفنة madfana pl. مدافن madāfin 2 burying place, burial ground, cemetery

دفاية see دفئ

دق daqqa i (دقة diqqa) to be thin, fine, fragile, frail; to be little, small, tiny, minute; to be subtle, delicate; to be insignificant, unimportant, trifling, inconsiderable; to be too fine, too subtle (عن for perception); -- u (daqq) to crush, bruise, bray (هـ s.th.); to grind, pulverize, powder (هـ s.th.); to pound (هـ s.th., e.g., meat); to strike (clock); to beat, throb (heart); to hammer, throb (engine); to knock, rap, bang (الباب al-bāba on the door); to bump (رأسه بالحائط ra’sahū bi-l-ḥā’iṭ one’s head against the wall); to drive (هـ a nail); to ram in, drive in (constr. eng.); to beat, strum, play (على a musical instrument); to type (على on a typewriter); -- to sound, resound, ring out (said of musical instruments) | دق الجرس (jarasa) to ring the bell; دق جرس الخطر (j. al-kaṭar) to sound the alarm; دق الجرس على to call s.o. up, give s.o. a ring; دق الجرس (jarasu) the bell rang; دقت الساعة the clock struck II to triturate, pulverize, reduce to powder (oil s.th.); to he precise, exact, strict, meticulous, painstaking, proceed with utmost accuracy or care (في in s.th.); to scrutinize, examine closely, determine exactly (ه s.th.); to do (ه s.th.) carefully, with precision! دقق البحث (baḥta) to investigate carefully; دقق النظر (naẓara) to watch attentively or carefully, scrutinize, examine closely (في s.th.); دقق الملاحظة (mulāḥaẓa) to observe closely III to deal scrupulously (ه with s.o.) IV to make fine, make thin (ه s.th.) VII to be crushed, brayed, pounded; to be broken |اندق عنقه (‘unquhū) he broke his neck X to be or become thin or fine

دق daqq crushing, bruising, braying, pounding; pulverization, trituration; grinding (down); beat(ing), throb(bing); bang(ing), knock(ing), rap(ping); tattoo(ing) |دق الجرس d. al-jaras peal, ringing, sound of a bell; دق الحنق d. al-ḥanak chatter, prattle

دق diqq fine, thin; little, small, tiny, minute; delicate, fragile, frail |شجر دق (šajar) shrubbery, brush, scrub; حمى الدق ḥumma d-d. hectic fever

دقة daqqa (n. vic.) pl. -āt bang, knock, rap; beat, throb; stroke, striking (of a clock); hammer, hammering sound; thumping, thump |دقات القلب d. al-qalb heartbeats; دقة الجرس d. al-jaras peal, or ring, of a bell; telephone call, ring

دقة diqqa thinness; fineness; smallness, tininess, minuteness; triviality, pettiness, paltriness; subtlety, subtleness, finesse; critical or precarious state, delicate situation; accuracy, exactness, exactitude, precision |بدقة exactly, accurately, precisely, minutely, painstakingly, meticulously, sharply; دقة الشعور acuteness of feeling, sensitivity, sensitiveness, sensibility

دقة duqqa pl. دقق duqaq fine dust; powder

دقاق duqāq crushed, brayed, or pulverized, substance; powder; dour of lupine

دقيق daqīq pl. دقاق diqaq, ادقة adiqqa fine, thin; delicate, frail, fragile; little, small, tiny, puny, minute; subtle; paltry, petty, trifling, trivial; precise, accurate, exact; painstaking, scrupulous, meticulous; inexorable, relentless, strict, rigorous; delicate (situation), critical, trying, serious, precarious; -- flour, meal |دقيق الحساب keeping strict account, strict, relentless, inexorable; دقيق الشعور sensitive; دقيق الصنع d. aṣ-ṣan‘ finely worked, of delicate workmanship; دقيق النظر d. an-naẓar clear-sighted, penetrating, discerning, sensitive; ابو دقيق abū d. butterfly; الأعضاء الدقيقة (a‘ḍā’) the genitals

دقيقة daqīqa pl. دقائق daqā’iq2 particle; nicety; intricacy; detail, particular; minute (time unit) |دقائق الأمور the niceties, intricacies, or secret implications of things

دقاق daqqāq grinder, crusher; flour merchant; frequently or constantly beating, striking, etc.; player of an instrument |ساعة دقاقة repeater (watch)

دقاقة daqqāqa knocker, rapper (of a door)

ادق adaqq2 finer; more delicate; smaller, tinier; more accurate, preciser; stricter

مدق midaqq beetle; pounder, pestle; (eg.) trail, footpath

مدقة midaqqa pl. مداق madāqq2 pounder, pestle; beetle; clapper. tongue (of a bell)

تدقيق tadqīq accuracy, precision, exactness, exactitude بتدقيق exactly, precisely, accurately, minutely

مدقق mudaqqiq exact, accurate (scholar), thorough (investigator), painstaking, meticulous, strict, relentless

مدقق mudaqqiq precise, exact (data)

داقرة dāqira pl. دواقر dawāqir2 elay vessel 2 (tun.); -- stipend for underprivileged students (tun.)

دقشوم daqšūm (eg.) rubblestone, crushed rock; brickbats, gravel

دقع daqi‘a a (daqa‘) to grovel, cringe; to be miserable, wretched, humble, abject; to live in poverty IV do.; to make miserable (ه s.o.; poverty)

ادقاع iddiqā‘ mass poverty

مدقع mudqi‘ miserable, wretched; degrading, abasing (poverty)

دقل daqal mast (of a ship); mainmast; (coll.; n. un. ة ) a brand of dates of good quality (magr.)

1 دك dakka u (dakk) to make flat, level or even, to smooth, level, ram, stamp, tamp (هـ earth, the ground, a road); to press down, weigh down; to beat down; to devastate, demolish, destroy, ruin (هـ s.th.) II to mix, mingle (ه s.th.) VII to be crushed; to be leveled

دك dakk pl. دكوك dukūk level ground; -- devastation, demolition, destruction

دكة dakka pl. -āt rubblestone, crushed rock; hallast

دكة dikka pl. دكك dikak bench

دكان dukkān pl. دكاكين dakākīn2 bench; store, shop

دكانجي dukkānjī storekeeper, shopkeeper, retailer

مدك midakk pl. -āt ramrod; O tamper rammer

2 دك II to provide (هـ trousers) with a waist-band (dikka or tikka)

دكة dikka (= تكة tikka) waistband (in the upper seam of trousers)

دكتاتورية diktātūrīya dictatorship

دكتاتورى diktātūrī dictatorial

دكتور duktūr pl. كاترة dakātira doctor | دكتور في الحقوق doctor of laws, LL.D.; دكتور في الطب (ṭibb) doctor of medicine, M.D.

دكتوراة duktūrāh doctorate, doctorship, doctor’s degree, title of doctor | الدكتور الفخرية (fakrīya) honorary doctorate

ادكر see ذكر

دكريتو (It. decreto) dikrītō pl. دكريتات decree

1 ادكن adkan2, f. دكناء daknā’2 pl. دكن dukn blackish, dark (color)

داكن dākin dark, dark-colored |احضر داكن dark green; اصفر داكن yellowish, of a dingy yellow, mud-colored

2 دكان see1 دك

دل dalla a (دلالة dalāa) to show, demonstrate, point out (على ه to s.o. s.th.); to lead, guide, direct, conduct (الى or على ه s.o. to), show s.o. (ه ) the way (الى or على to); to show, indicate, mark (على s.th.); to point (على to s.th.), evince, indicate, denote, imply, bespeak, suggest (على s.th.), be indicative, be suggestive (على of); to furnish evidence (على for s.th.), prove (على s.th.); -- (1st pers. perf. dalaltu) i (دلال dalīl) to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman; على with s.o.) II to prove (على s.th.), furnish the proof (على for), confirm, corroborate (ب على s.th. with); to sell or put up at auction, auction off (على s.th.); to pamper, coddle, spoil (ه s.o.); to fondle, caress, pet (ه a child) IV to make free, take liberties (على with s.o.); to pride o.s. (ب on), be conceited (ب of) V to be coquettish, flirt, dally (of a woman; على with s.o.); to be coy, behave affectedly; to take liberties (على with s.o.); to pamper, coddle (على s.o.) X to ask to be shown (على s.th.); to seek information, inform o.s. (على about); to obtain information; to be informed (على about); to be guided (ب by), act or proceed in accordance with (ب ); to conclude, gather, infer (على s.th., ب or من from), draw conclusions (ب or من from, على with regard to), judge (على s.th., ب or من by)

دل dall proper, dignified conduct; coquetry, flirtation

دلة dalla pl. دلال dilāl pot with long curved spout and handle used for making coffee (among Syrian nomads and in some parts of Saudi Arabia)

دلال dalāl coquetry, coquettishness; pampering, coddling, spoiling

دليل dalīl pl. ادلة adilla, دلائل dalā’l2, ادلاء adillā’2 (the latter of persons) indication (على of); sign, token; symptom; proof, evidence (على of); guide; tourist guide, cicerone; pilot (of a ship, of an airplane); guidebook, guide manual, handbook; directory, telephone directory; railroad guide, timetable; guide rail (tech.); roller path (in steel construction) |اقام الدليل على to furnish the proof for, demonstrate, prove s.th.; دليل ظرفي (ẓarfī) circumstantial evidence; دليل قاطع cogent proof, conclusive evidence

دلال dallāl auctioneer; broker, jobber, middleman, agent, commission merchant; hawker

دلالة dalāla pl. -āt pointing; guidance; leading, leadership; indication (على of); sign, token; sense, meaning

دلالة dilāla auction, public sale; business of a broker or middleman; brokerage commission; trade of a dealer, jobber or agent

دلالة dallāla middlewoman, woman broker

ادل adall2 proving more cogently (على s.th.), more indicative or suggestive (على of) |ادل دليل على (dalīlin) the surest evidence of, the best proof of

تدليل tadlīl reasoning, argumentation, demonstration; proving (على of), furnishing of proof or evidence (على for); corroboration, substantiation, confirmation; pampering, oeddling, spoiling; fondling, petting, caressing; pet form (of a name) |اسم التدليل pet name; تدليلا من a pet form of ...

تدلل tadallul coquetry, coquettishness; pampering, coddling, spoiling

استدلال istidlāl reasoning, argumentation, demonstration; conclusion, inference, deduction; proof, evidence (على of)

دالة dālla familiarity, chumminess; liberty (that one takes with s.o.); audacity. boldness

مدلول madlūl proven; (pl. -āt) meaning, sense |مدلولات الكلمات m. al-kalimāt lexical meanings

مدلل mudallal pampered, spoiled (child)

مدل mudill presumptuous, arrogant |مدل بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) conceited, self-important

1 دل dulb plane tree, sycamore (bot.)

2 دولب pl. دواليب look up alphabetically

دلتا Nile Delta, Lower Egypt

دلج IV to set out at nightfall

دلوح dalūḥ pl. دلح duluḥ moisture-laden cloud

دلدل daldala to set into a swinging motion, dangle II tadaldala to hang loosely, dangle

دلدل duldul and دلدول duldūl porcupine (zool.)

دلس II to swindle, cheat; to counterfeit, forge, falsify (هـ s.th.) III to deceive, defraud (ه s.o.), impose (ه on)

تدليس tadlīs deceit, fraud; swindle

تدليسي tadlīsī fraudulent

مدلس mudallas forged, counterfeit |نقود مدلسة counterfeit money; مفاتيح مدلسة forged keys

دلع dala‘a a (dal‘) with لسانه lisānahū: to stick out one’s tongue; to loll, let the tongue hang out II to pamper, spoil (ه a child); to caress, fondle, pet (ه s.o.) IV شيء يدلع نفسه (eg.) a nauseating, disgusting thing VII to stick out, be stuck out, hang out, loll (tongue); to dart out, lick out, leap out. dare up (dame), break out (fire); to be pampered, spoiled (child)

دلع dal‘: اسم الدلع ism ad-d. pet name

دلاع dallā‘ (coll.; n. un. ة ) watermelon (magr.)

دلغان dilgan clay

دلف dalafa i (dalf, دلوف dulūf, دلفان dalafān) to walk with short steps. toddle; to go or walk slowly, saunter, stroll (الى to); to advance (Jo toward); to approach step by step (الى s.o. or s.th.); to penetrate, reach (الى as far as); to grope (الى for, of the hand); to leak, drip, trickle (water)

O دالف dālif pl. دوالف dawālif2 ricochet (mil.)

دلفين dulfīn pl. دلافين dalāfīn2 dolphin

دلق dalaqa u to spill, pour out (هـ a liquid) VII to be spilled (liquid)

دلك dalaka u (dalk) to rub (هـ s.th.); to stroke (هـ s.th.), pass the hand (هـ over s.th.); to knead (العجين the dough); -- u (دلوك dulūk) to set, go down (sun) II to rub (هـ s.th., ه s.o.), embrocate (هـ s.th.); to knead; to massage (ه s.o.)

دلك dalk rubbing; grazing, brushing, touching, touch

دلوك dalūk liniment

دلوك dulūk, دلوك الشمس d. aš-šams sunset

تدليك tadlīk embrocation; massage

مدلكة mudallika pl. -āt masseuse

دله II to rob s.o. (ه ) of his senses, drive (ه s.o.) crazy (love) V to go out of one’s mind, go crazy (with love) |تدلهت في حبه (ḥubbihī) she has fallen in love with him

مدله mudallah madly in love

دلهم IV idlahamma to be dark, gloomy; to be deep-black

دلهم dalham dark, gloomy; deep-black

ادلهمام idlihmām a deep black

مدلهم mudlahimm dark, gloomy; deep-black

دلو II to let hang, dangle (هـ s.th.); to hang, suspend (هـ s.th.); to lower (هـ s.th.); to drop, let down, let fall down (هـ s.th.) IV = II; to cast down (هـ glances, الى on s.o.); to let one’s glance (بانظاره bi-anẓārihī) sweep down; to express, utter, voice (ب s.th., e.g., برأيه bi-ra’yihī one’s opinion); to deliver, make (بتصريح a statement; pol.); to adduce, present, advance, offer (بحجة bi-ḥijjatin an argument); to inform, notify, advise (ب الى s.o. of), let (الى s.o.) know (ب about); to offer, present (ب الى to s.o. s.th.); to grant, give (بحديث ل an interview to s.o.); to slander, defame: asperse (في s.o.) |ادلى دلوه بين الدلاء (dalwahū, dilā’) or ادلى بدلوه في الدلاء to make one’s contribution (together with others), add one’s touch, put in one’s two bits’ worth V to hang down, be suspended, dangle (ب from); to be lowered, be let down; to be or become low; to sink, descend |تدلى للسقوط to threaten to fall down, be ready to fall

دلو dalw usually f., pl. ادل adlin, دلاء dilā’, ادلاء adlā’ leather bucket; bucket, pail; Aquarius (astron.)

دلاية dallāya pendant

ادلاء idlā’ delivery (of a statement); utterance, statement; presentation; granting

دالية dāliya pl. دوال dawālin waterwheel (for irrigation); trellis, espalier on which grapevines are trained; varix, varicose vein

متدل mutadallin pendent, suspended, hanging, dangling; projecting, overhanging, ready to fall down

داليا look up alphabetically

1 دم dam pl. دماء dimā’ blood; دماء homicide cases (jur.) |دم الأخوين d. al-akawain dragon’s blood (a dark-red, resinous substance derived from the dragon tree, Dracaena draco)

دمي damī blood- (in compounds), sanguine

دموي damawī blood- (in compounds), sanguine; sanguinary, bloody

2 دم damma u (damm) to coat, smear, besmear (ب هـ s.th. with); to paint, daub, color, dye, tinge, tint (ب هـ s.th. with) II to rub, embrocate, anoint (ب هـ s.th. with)

دم damm ointment, unguent, salve, liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment, dye, dyestuff; rouge

دمام dimām ointment, unguent, salve, liniment, embrocation; paint; pigment, dye, dyestuff; rouge

دميم damīm pl. دمام dimām ugly; deformed, misshapen | دميم الخلقة d. al-kilqa ugly to look at, of repulsive appearance

دمامي damāma ugliness; ugly appearance; abominableness, monstrosity

الدمام ad-dammām Dammam (seaport in E Saudi Arabia, on the Persian Gulf)

دمث damuta u (دماثة damāta) to be gentle, mild (character) II to soften, mellow (هـ s.th.)

دمث damit pl. دماث dimāt: دمث الأخلاق gentle, mild-tempered

دماثة damāta mildness, gentleness, tenderness (of character)

دمج damaja u (دومج dumūj to enter (في s.th.), go or come into (في ), be inserted, incorporated (في in) II to write shorthand IV to twist tightly, twine firmly (هـ s.th.); to enter, insert, include, incorporate, embody (في هـ s.th. in); to introduce, interpolate, intercalate (في هـ s.th. in); to annex (في s.th. to) VII to be inserted, he incorporated (في in); to be annexed (في to); to merge (في with), be swallowed up, he absorbed (في by); to be fused, fuse, amalgamate

تدميج tadmīj shorthand, stenography

ادماج idmāj insertion, incorporation, interpolation; inclusion (في in); assimilation

اندماج indimāj incorporation, insertion (في in); amalgamation, merger, merging (في with); absorption (في by); annexation (في to); fusion; assimilation

مدمج mudmaj firm, compact

مندمج mundamij firm, compact, tight

دمجانة damajāna (also دامجانة ) pl. -āt demijohn, carboy

دمدم damdama to mutter, grumble, growl, snarl

دمدم damdama pl. -āt growl, snarl; rumbling noise, rumble

1 دمر damara u to perish, he ruined, he destroyed II to annihilate, destroy, ruin, demolish, wreck (هـ s.th.) V to he destroyed, demolished, ruined, wrecked VII to he destroyed, be annihilated

دمار damār ruin, destruction

تدمير tadmīr annihilation, destruction, demolition

اندمار indimār utter defeat, rout, destruction, annihilation

مدمرة mudammira pl. -āt destroyer (naut.)

2 دمور dammūr (eg.) a coarse calico-like fabric

دموري dammūrī (eg.) made of dammūr (see above)

3 دميرة damīra (eg.) flood season of the Nile

4 لا دومرى lā dūmarī (= لا تدمري ) nobody, no one, not a living soul

5 تدمر tadmur2, usually pronounced tudmur, Palmyra (ancient city in Syria, now a small village)

تدمري tadmurī, usually pronounced tudmurī, someone, somebody; لا تدمري nobody, no one, not a living soul

دمس damasa u to hide, conceal, disguise (هـ s.th.); to bury (ه في الأرض s.o. in the ground) II do.

دمس dims (eg.) cinders, ashes

دماسة damāsa darkness

ادماس admās (pl.) hovels, shanties, huts

دموس dammūs pl. دماميس damāmīs2 cave, cavern

ديماس daimās, dīmās, ديموس daimūs pl. دياميس dayāmīs2 dungeon; vault

دامس dāmis pitch-dark; dark, gloomy, dusky

فول مدمس fūl mudammas stewed beans

دمشق dimašq2, dimišq2 Damascus (capital of Syria)

مدمشق mudamšaq damascened, damasked; (syr.) having adopted a sophisticated style of living (imitating that of Damascus), urbanized

دمع dama‘a a to water (eye) IV to cause to weep, evoke tears, make (the eyes) water

دمع dam‘ pl. دموع dumū‘ tears

دمعة dam‘a (n. un.) tear, teardrop; (eg.) dim‘a gravy

دمعي dam‘ī: قنبلة دمعية (qunbula) teargas bomb

دمعة dam‘a and دميع damī’ pl. دمعى dam‘ā, دمائع damā’i‘2 readily inclined to weep, frequently weeping, tearful, lachrymose (woman)

دموع damū‘ and دماع dammā‘ watering, watery, tearful (eyes)

مدمع madma‘ pl. مدامع madāmi‘ lachrymal canal

1 دمغ damaga a to refute, invalidate (هـ a falsehood, an error, a false accusation); to triumph (هـ over falsehood; said of truth)

دماغ dimāg pl. ادمغة admiga brain

دامغة dāmiga cogent argument; شهادة دامغة (šahāda) irrefutable testimony

2 دمغ damaga u (damg) to stamp, provide or mark with a stamp (هـ s.th.); to hallmark (هـ gold and silver articles); to brand (هـ an animal)

دمغ damg stamping |دمغ المصوغات d. al-maṣūgāt hallmarking of gold and silver articles

دمغة damga stamp; hallmark (on gold and silver articles) |ورق دمغة waraq d. stamped paper

مدموغ madmūg stamped, bearing a stamp

دمقراطي dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat

دمقراطية dimuqrāṭīya democracy; democratic attitude or conviction

دمقس dimaqs raw silk

دمقسي dimaqsī silken, silky

مدموك madmūk and مدمك mudmak firm, tight, taut

دمل damala u (daml, دملان damalān) to fertilize, manure, dung (هـ the soil); -- damila a (damal) to heal, heal up, scar over, cicatrize (wound) VII to heal, heal up, scar overt cicatrize (wound); to fester, suppurate (sore)

دمل dummal (n. un. ة ) pl. دمامل damāmil 2, دماميل damāmīl2 abscess, boil, sore, tumor, ulcer; furuncle; bubo, plague boil; inveterate evil

طاعون دملي ṭā‘ūn dummalī bubonic plague

دملج dumluj pl. دمالج damālij2, bracelet, bangle

1 دمن damana u (damn) to fertilize, manure, dung (هـ the soil) IV to give o.s. up, devote o.s., apply o.s. (على or هـ to), go in for (على or هـ ); to be addicted (على e.g., to liquor)

دمن dimn (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. دمن diman fertilizer, manure, dung

دمنة dimna pl. دمن diman vestiges or remnants of a dwelling, ruins

دمان damān fertilizer, manure, dung

ادمان idmān addiction; excess; mania; dipsomania |ادمان المسكرات i. al-muskirāt alcoholism

مدمن mudmin addicted, given up (على e.g., to wine); an addict (على of)

2 دمان dumān see دومان

دمنهور damanhūr2 Damanhur (city in N Egypt)

دموي see1 دم

1 دمى damiya a to bleed II and IV to cause to bleed

دام dāmin bleeding, bloody, gory

مدمى mudamman, f. مدماة bloody; blood-red

2 دمية dumya pl. دمى duman statue, statuette; image, effigy; dummy; doll

دمياط dimyāṭ2 Damietta (city in N Egypt)

دن danna u (dann, دنين danīn) to buzz, hum (insect); to drone

دن dann and دنين danīn buzz(ing), hum(ming), droning, drone

دن dann pl. دنان dinān earthen wine jug

دنأ dana’a a and دنؤ danu’a u (دنوءة dunū’a, دناءة danā’a) to be low, mean, base, vile, contemptible, despicable

دنيء danī’ pl. ادنياء adniyā’2, ادناء adnā’ low, base, mean, vile, despicable, contemptible; inferior, second-rate, of poor quality

ادنأ adna’2 lower, viler, meaner; more inferior, of poorer quality

دناءة danā’a lowness, baseness, meanness, vileness; inferiority

دنتلا , دنتلة (Fr. dentelle) dantilla lace, lacework

دنجل dinjil (eg.) pl. دناجل danājil2 axle, axle-tree

دندرمه (Turk. dondurma) dandurma ice cream

دنادشة danādiša common people, people of no consequence

دندن dandana to buzz, hum; to drone; to hum softly, croon (a song); to murmur

دندي dindī (eg.) turkey

دينار pl. دنانير look up alphabetically

دنس danisa a (danas) to be soiled, sullied, defiled, polluted II to stain, soil, dirty, befoul, sully, pollute, contaminate (هـ s.th.); to dishonor, disgrace (هـ s.th.); to desecrate (هـ s.th.) V pass. of II

دنس danas pl. ادناس adnās uncleanness, dirt, filth, squalor; stain, blemish, fault

دنس danis pl. ادناس adnās, دنساء dunasā’2 unclean, soiled, sullied, foul, polluted, defiled, stained

تدنيس tadnīs pollution, defilement, soiling, sullying, contamination; dishonoring, disgracing; desecration, profanation

دنف danifa a (danaf) to be seriously ill IV do.

دنف danif pl. ادناف adnāf seriouly ill

دنف danaf long illness; O cachexia, marasmus (med.)

مدنف mudnif, mudnaf emaciated, haggard, weak

دانق look up alphabetically

دنقلة dunqula Dongola (town in N Sudan, on the Nile)

دنكل = دنجل

دنمرك danmark2 Denmark

(دنو and دنى) دنا danū u (دنو dunūw, دناوة danāwa) to be near, be close; to come or go near s.o. or s.th. (من or الى or ل ), approach (من, الى, ل s.o., s.th.); to come close, get close (من, الى, ل to), approximate (من, الى, ل s.th.); to draw near, be imminent (time, event); دنا به من to bring s.o. close to ...; -- دني daniya a (دنا danan, دناية danaya) to be low, lowly; to be or become mean, base, vile, despicable, contemptible II to bring close (هـ s.th., ه s.o., من to), bring, take or move (هـ s.th., ه s.o.) near (من ), approximate (هـ s.th., من to); to apply o.s. (في to s.th.), busy o.s. (في with s.th.), delve (في into); دنى نفسه (nafsahū) to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble o.s. III to approach (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), come or get near s.o. or s.th. (ه, هـ ), come or get close (ه هـ to); to approximate (هـ s.th.); to measure up (هـ, ه to) |شيء لا يدانى (yudānā) an unequaled thing IV to be near, be close; to approach (من or الى or ل s.o. or s.th.), come, go or draw near s.o. or s.th. (من, الى, ل ), come close, get close (من, الى, ل to); to bring close (ه s.o., هـ s.th., من to), bring, take or move (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) near (من ), approximate (هـ s.th., من to); to lower, drop (هـ s.th., e.g., the veil) V to approach gradually (الى s.th. or s.o.); to be debased, sink low, sink, decline; to lower o.s., abase o.s., humble o.s. VI to come near each other, get close to each other, approach one another; to be close together; to approach, approximate (من s.th.) VIII ادنى iddanā to be near, be close, come or draw near, approach X to wish to be nearer or closer, try to come nearer or closer; to seek to fetch or bring closer (هـ s.th., الى to, to o.s.), reach out (هـ for s.th.), wish (اليه ه for s.th.)

دنو dunūw advent, approach; proximity, nearness, imminence (of an event)

دنى danīy pl. ادنياء adniyā’ near, close; low, lowly; mean, base, vile, despicable, contemptible, inferior, infamous, depraved

دنية danīy pl. -āt, دنايا danāyā a base quality or habit; s.th. disgraceful, infamy, vile action

ادنى adnā, f. دنيا dunyā pl. m. ادان adānin, ادنون adnūn pl. f. دنى dunan nearer, closer; situated lower down, nether; lower, inferior; lowlier; smaller, of less significance; more appropriate, better suited, more suitable |الشرق الأدنى (šarq) the Near East; المغرب الأدنى (magrib) Algeria; ادنى من حبل الوريد (ḥabli al-warīd) very near or close, imminent; الأقارب الأدنون the closest relatives; من ادناه الى اقصاه (aqṣāhū) from one end to the other; wholly, entirely, completely, altogether; الحد الأدنى (ḥadd) the minimum; ادناه hereinafter, below (in writings, documents, etc.) e.g., الموقعون ادناه (muwaqqi‘ūn) those signed below, the undersigned; لا ادنى (with foll. genit.) not the least, not a single, not one

دنيا dunyā (f. of ادنى adnā) world; earth; this world (as opposed to آخرة ); life in this world. worldly existence; worldly. temporal things or possessions; earthly things or concerns |الحياة الدنيا life in this world; ام الدنيا umm ad-d. Cairo; اقام الدنيا واقعدها aqāma d-d. wa-aq‘adahā approx.: to kick up a dust, make a stir, move heaven and earth

دنيوي dunyawī, دنياوي dunyāwī worldly, mundane, secular; earthly, temporal, transitory, transient

دناوة danāwa nearness, closeness, proximity, propinquity; lowness, lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness

دناية danāya lowness, lowliness; meanness, baseness, vileness

تدن tadannin sinking, decline; low level, nadir (fig.) |التدني الأخلاقي (a­klāqī) the low level of morality, the moral decline

دان dānin low; near, close

متدان mutadānin close together

دهر dahr pl. دهور duhūr, ادهر adhur time; long time, age, epoch; lifetime; eternity; fate, destiny |بنات الدهر banāt ad-d. blows of fate, trials, afflictions, misfortune; تصاريف الدهر and صروف الدهر vicissitudes of fate. changes of fortune; adversities, adverse circumstances; دهر الداهرين dahra d-dāhirīn for all eternity, foever and ever; الى أخر الدهر ilā ākir d-d. do.; لا الدهر كله (ad-dahra kullahū) never in all one’s life

دهري dahrī an adherent of the dahrīya, a materialistic, atheistic doctrine in Islam; atheist, freethinker

دهري duhrī very old, far advanced in years

دهس dahasa a (= داس ) to trample underfoot, trample down, crush (هـ s.th.), tread (هـ on s.th.); to run over (ه s.o.)

دهش dahiša a and pass. duhiša to be astonished, amazed, surprised (من or ل at); to wonder, marvel (من at); to be baffled, startled, puzzled, perplexed, taken aback (من or ل by) II and IV to astonish, amaze, surprise, baffle, puzzle, perplex, startle (ه s.o.) VII = dahiša دهش dahaš perplexity, surprise, consternation, alarm, dismay

دهش dahiš astonished, amazed, surprised; baffled, puzzled, nonplused, perplexed, startled, disconcerted, alarmed, upset; dazed, stunned

دهشة dahša astonishment, amazement, surprise, wonder; perplexity, consternation, bafflement, bewilderment, dismay, alarm

اندهاش indihāš astonishment, amazement; perplexity, consternation, bafflement, bewilderment

مدهش mudhiš astonishing, amazing, surprising, marvelous; pl. -āt amazing things, marvels, wonders

مدهوش madhūš and مندهش mundahiš astonished, amazed, surprised; perplexed, baffled, puzzled, nonplused, startled; overwhelmed

1 دهق dahaq stocks (to hold the feet of an offender by way of punishment)

دهاق diḥāq full (cup), brimful

2 دهقان dihqān, pl. دهاقنة dahāqina, دهاقين dahāqīn2 man of importance, one who plays an important role, leading personality; grandee (in ancient Persia) | دهاقين السياسة d. as-siyāsa the political leaders

دهك dahaka a (dahk) to crush; to mash (هـ s.th.)

دهلز II tadahlaza to stroll about, walk about (in a hall)

دهليز dihlīz pl. دهاليز dahālīz 2 anteroom, vestibule, lobby, foyer; corridor, hall-way |ابن الدهليز ibn ad-d. pl. ابناء الدهاليز foundling

دهلي dihlī Delhi

دهم dahama a (dahm) and dahima a (daham) to come or descend (ه upon s.o.) suddenly; to surprise, take unawares, take by surprise (ه s.o.), come unexpectedly (ه to s.o.); to enter suddenly, raid, invade (هـ s.th.) II to blacken (ه s.th.) III to befall, seize, grip, attack (ه s.o.), come over s.o. (ه ; e.g., sickness, despair); to surprise, take unawares, catch red-handed (ه s.o.); to attack suddenly (ه s.o.), fall upon s.o. (ه ), invade, raid (ه e.g., a house); to overtake (ه s.o.; fate), catch up with (ه ) IX to be black

دهمة duhma blackness

ادهم adham2, f. دهماء dahmā’ 2, pl. دهم duhm black, deep-black |داهية دهماء (dahiya) disaster, catastrophe

الدهماء ad-dahmā’ 2 the masses, the common people, the populace, also دهماء الناس

مداهمة mudāhama police raid; house search

مدهم mudhamm very dark, pitch-dark

دهن dahana u (dahn) to oil (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., ب with); to anoint (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., ب with); to grease, smear (ب, هـ s.th., s.o., ب with); to rub, embrocate (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., ب with); to paint, daub (ه s.th.); to varnish (هـ s.th.) II do. III to treat with gentleness (ه s.o.); to cajole, flatter (ه s.o.), fawn (ه on s.o.); to cheat, dupe, gull, take in, outsmart (ه s.o.) V pass. of I

دهن dahn oiling, greasing; painting, daubing

دهن duhn pl. ادهان adhān, دهون duhūn, -āt, دهان dihān oil (edible, lubricating, for the skin); fat, grease

دهن duhnī oily, oil, oleic, oleo- (in compounds); fatty, greasy

دهنيات duhnīyāt fats, oils; fatty substances

دهناء dahnā’ desert

دهان dahhān house painter, painter

دهينة dahīna pomade

دهان dihān pl. -āt, ادهنة adhina cosmetic cream, cold cream, salve, ointment, unguent; consecrated oil, anointing oil; paint, varnish; hypocrisy, dissimulation, deceit; -- (without pl.) painting, daubing; whitewashing | ورشة للدهان (warša) paintshop

مداهنة mudāhana flattery, adulation, sycophancy, fawning; hypocrisy, dissimulation; deceit, trickery

مداهن mudāhin flatterer, adulator, sycophant; hypocrite

مدهن mudhin oily; fatty, greasy

دهور dahwara to hurl down (هـ s.th.); to tear down, topple, overthrow (هـ s.th.) II tadahwara pass. of I; to fall, tumble; to slump, sink; to be dragged down, sink to the lowest level

تدهور tadahwur fall, downfall; decline, slump

دهي dahiya a (دهاء dahā’) to be clever, smart, cunning, artful, wily; -- dahā a to befall, overtake, hit, strike (ه s.o.), come over s.o. (ه ; misfortune) II = dahā VI to pretend to be smart or cunning

دهاء dahā’ smartness, slyness, shrewdness, subtlety, cunning, craft

ادهى adhā smarter, shrewder; craftier, wilier; more skillful, subtler, more resourceful; worse, more calamitous

داه dāhin pl. دهاة duhāh smart, sly, shrewd, subtle, cunning, wily, artful; resourceful person

داهية dāhiya smart fellow, old fox, sly dog

داهية dāhiya pl. دواه dawāhin calamity, disaster, catastrophe |داهية دهياء (dahyā’) and داهية دهماء (dahmā’) disaster, catastrophe; فليذهب في داهية (fal-yadhab) let him go to hell!

داء (دوء ) dā’ pl. ادواء adwā’ disease, malady |داء الثعلب d. at-ta‘lab alopecia, loss of the hair; O داء الرقص d. ar-raqṣ St. Vitus’s dance; O داء الفيل d. al-fīl elephantiasis; داء المنطقة d. al-minṭaqa shingles, herpes zoster (med.)

دواء see دوى

دوب II to wear out, wear off (هـ s.th.)

دوبرة dūbara packthread, string, twine, cord, rope; thread

دوبيت dūbait a rhymed poem consisting of four hemistichs

دوح VII to spread

دوح dauḥ branching trees, branches

دوحة dauḥa tall tree with many branches; family tree, genealogical table

داحة dāḥa top (child’s toy)

داخ (دوخ ) dāka u (dauk) to conquer, subjugate (الى a. country); to resign o.s., humble o.s.; to be or become dizzy, have a feeling of dizziness; to feel ill, be sick, feel nausea II to conquer, subjugate (هـ a people); to make submissive, subdue, humble, humiliate, degrade (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) dizzy; to molest, bother, trouble (ه s.o.); to daze, stun (ه s.o.) |دوخ رأسه (ra’sahū) to make s.o.’s head go round, make s.o. dizzy

دوخة dauka vertigo, dizziness; coma; nausea

دائخ dā’ik dizzy

تدويخ tadwīk subjugation, conquest

1 دود II to be or become worm-eaten

دود dūd (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. ديدان dīdān worm; maggot; larva; caterpillar | دودة الحرير and دود القز d. al-qazz silkworm; دود القرع d. al-qar‘, دود قرعي (qar‘ī) ascarids; دود القرمز d. al-qirmiz cochineal; دود المش d. al-mišš cheese maggots; الدودة الوحيدة tapeworm

دودي dūdī wormlike, worm-shaped, vermiform.

مدود madūd, mudawwid wormy, worm-eaten

2 مدود midwad = مذود

دار (دور ) dāra u (daur, دوران dawarān)to turn, revolve, rotate, move in a circle (على, ب, حول around s.th. or s.o.), circle (على, ب, حول s.th. or s.o.); to begin to turn or rotate; to circulate; to go round, spread, be current, make the rounds (of rumors, etc.); to run, be in operation (of a machine or engine); to start running, start up (engine); to walk or go about, run around; to roam, rove, move about, wander about, gad about; to make the rounds (على among people), turn successively (على to several people); to turn, turn one’s face, wheel around; to veer, shift, change its direction; to change, take a different turn, become different; to turn (على against s.o.); to have to do, deal (حول or على with), treat (حول or على of), refer (حول or على to), bear (حول or على on), concern (حول or على s.th.); to take place, be going on, be in progress, be under way; to be discussed, be talked about (بين among); to circulate, pass around (ب s.th.); to lead, guide or &how around (ب s.o.); to let roam, let wander (بنظره, بعينه bi-naẓarihī, bi-‘ainaihi one’s eyes, one’s glance, في over) |در dur! about face! (command; mil.); دار رأسه (ra’suhū) to be or become dizzy, giddy; دار مع الفرص (furaṣ) to trim sail, adapt o.s. to the situation; دارت رحى الحرب (raḥā l-ḥarb) war broke out; المعارك التي دارت رحالها امس the battles that raged yesterday; دار بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) it passed through his mind; دار على الألسن (alsun) to be much-discussed, be on everyone’s lips; دار على الأفواه واسلات الأقلام (afwāh, asalāt al-aqlāmi to be current in both the spoken and written language, be in general use, be generally accepted (e.g., words); دار بلادا واكل اعيادا (bilādan, a‘yādan) he had bean around in the world and had seen a lot; (colloq.) دار باله (bālahū) to pay attention (الى, على to), be careful (الى, على with); دارت عليهم الدائرة calamity overtook them II to turn in a circle, spin, whirl, rotate, revolve (ب, هـ s.th.); to turn, turn around (ب, هـ s.th.); to invert, reverse (ب, هـ s.th.); to make round, to round (هـ s.th.); to circulate, pass around (هـ s.th.); to set going, set in motion, start (هـ s.th.); to wind (هـ a watch, a clock); to look, search (على for s.th.) |دور رأسه (ra’sahū) to turn s.o.’s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. round III to go or walk around (ه with s.o.); to try to bring (ه s.o.) round; to ensnare, inveigle (ه s.o.); to try to ensnare (ه s.o.); to try to deceive (ه s.o.); to cheat, trick (على or عن ه s.o. out of s.th.); to get away, escape, dodge, duck out IV to turn, revolve, rotate, spin, whirl (هـ, ب s.th.); to turn around, turn (هـ, ب s.th., رأسه الى one’s head toward); to direct (على or الى هـ s.th. to, toward), aim (على or الى هـ s.th. at); to circulate, pass around (هـ s.th.); to set in operation, set going, set in motion (هـ a machine, an apparatus); to start, start up (المحرك al-muḥarrik the motor); to play, play back (هـ e.g., شرائط ناطقة tapes); to act upon s.th. (هـ ), drive (هـ s.th.); to get under way (هـ a job, a project); to take up (هـ s.th.); to initiate (هـ s.th.); to divert, turn away (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to direct, conduct, steer, manage, head, run (هـ s.th.), be in charge (هـ of); to revolve in one’s mind, think over, ponder (هـ s.th., ان that) |ادار بوجهه الى (bi-wajhihī) to turn around to s.o., look back at s.o.; ادار رأسه (ra’sahū) to turn s.o.’s head, persuade s.o., bring s.o. round; ادار الحديث في الموضوع to bring conversation around to a topic, broach or discuss a subject V to be or become round; to be circular X do.; to circle, rotate, revolve, spin, turn; to turn (الى to), face (الى s.o.); to turn around; to turn one’s head, look back; to circle (حول s.th.), walk around s.th. (~حول )

دار dār f., pl. دور dūr, ديار diyār, ديارات diyārāt, ديرة diyara house; building, structure, edifice; habitation, dwelling, abode; residence, home; seat, side, locality; area, region; land, country (esp. pl. ديار see below |دار الآثار museum (of antiquities); دار البريد post office; دار البقاء d. al-baqā’ the eternal abode, the hereafter; الدار الباقية (bāqiya) do.; انتقل للدار الباقية to pass away, die; ال دار البيضاء (baiḍā’) Casablanca (seaport in W Morocco); the White House (in Washington); دار التجارة commercial house, business house; دار الحرب d. al-ḥarb war zone, enemy territory (Isl. Law: non-Muslim countries); دار الرياسة seat of the chief executive of a country; دار السعادة d. as-sa‘āda Constantinople; دار السلطنة d. as-salṭana Constantinople (designation before World War I); دار السلام d. as-salām paradise, heaven; epithet of Baghdad; Dar es Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika Territory); دور السينما cinemas, movie houses; دار السلطة d. aš-šurṭa police station; دار الصنعة or دار الصناعة arsenal; دار صيني (ṣīnī) cinnamon; دار الضرب d. aḍ-ḍarb and دار السكة d. as-sikka mint (building); الديار العراقية (‘irāqīya) Iraq; دار العلوم name of a college in Cairo; دار الفناء d. al-fanā’ (as opposed to دار البقاء see above) the temporal world, this world; دار القضاء d. al-qaḍā’ court of justice, tribunal; دار الكتب d. al-kutub public library; دور اللهو d. al-lahw amusement centers; night clubs; دار التمثيل theater, playhouse; دار الملك d. al-mulk (royal) residence; الديار المصرية (miṣrīya) Egypt; دار الهجرة d. al-hijra Medina; دار الأيتام d. al-aitām orphanage, orphans’ home

دارة dāra pl. -āt halo (of the moon); circle; O (el.) circuit; O villa

دارى dārī domestic, native

دورى dūrī domestic (animal); عصفور دوري (‘uṣfūr) and دوري house sparrow

دور daur pl. ادوار adwār round (of a patrol; in sports); role, part (played by s.o. or s.th.); film role, stage role; periodic change, rotation, alternation; crop rotation; period; (one’s) turn; phase, stage, step, degree, station; epoch, age. era; fit, attack, paroxysm (of a disease); floor, story; musical composition; number, single performance (within a program) |دور وتسلسل (wa-tasalsul) vicious circle, circulus vitiosus; دور نهائي (nihā’ī) final round, finals (athlet.); دور الانعقاد d. al-in‘iqād session, term (parl.); الدور الأول (awwal) or دور البطولة d. al-buṭūla leading role, starring role; قام بدور or لعب دورا (la‘iba) to play a part or role; دور ارضي (arḍī) ground floor, first floor; كان دوره it was his turn; الدور له it is his turn; (انا) بدوري I for one; (I) for my part, (هو) بدوره he in turn, (he) for his part; بالدور alternately, by turns

دورة daura pl. -āt turn, revolution, gyration, rotation; circulation; cycle; circuit; round, patrol; procession (Chr.); round trip; tour (in general, of an artist or performer); detour; period (O also el.); session (of parliament); course (of instruction) (ir., syr.) |الدورة الدموية (damawīya) blood circulation; الدورة الجوية (jawwīya) air circulation; دورة اجتياز (تجاوز) الرتبة d. ijtiyāz (tajāwuz) ar-rutba officers’ training course (mil., Syr.); دورة زراعية (zirā‘īya) crop rotation; دورة تشريعية (tašrī‘īya) legislative period; دورة الفلك d. al-falak revolution of celestial bodies; دورة التفافية (iltifāfīya) flanking maneuver (mil.); دورة مالية (mālīya) financial period, fiscal year; دورة المياه d. al-miyāh lavatory (with running water), toilet, water closet

دوري daurī patrolling, patrol- (in compounds); periodic, occurring at regular stated times, recurring, intermittent; circulatory, cyclic, etc., see دور and دورة series (athlet.) الجهاز الدوري (jahāz) the circulatory system

دورية daurīya pl. -āt patrol, round; patrol, reconnaissance squad |دوريات الاستكشاف reconnaissance squads, patrols

داورية dāwirīya = دورية daurīya

دير dair pl. اديار adyār, اديرة adyira, ديورة duyūra monastery, convent, cloister

ديري dairī monastic, ministerial, cloistral

ديرة dīra region, area, land, homeland (bedouin)

دوار duwār, dawār vertigo, dizziness, giddiness; seasickness

دوار dawwār rapidly or constantly turning, whirling, spinning, rotating, circling, circulating; revolving, rotary, rotatory; whirlpool, eddy, vortex; itinerant, ambulant, roving; (eg.) farm building, farm |باب دوار revolving door; بائع دوار peddler, hawker; جهاز حفر دوار (jahāz ḥafr) rotary drilling rig; دار الشمس d. aš-šams sunflower

ديار dayyār monastic, friar, monk

ديرانى dairānī monastic, friar, monk

دوارة dawwāra whirlpool, eddy, vortex; compass, pair of dividers (syr.) |O دوارة الهواء d. al-hawā’ weather vane

دياري diyārī domestic; native

دوران dawarān turn(ing), rotation, revolution, gyration; circulation, circling, circuiting; round trip, tour

ادور adwar2 (elative): ادور على الألسن (alsun) more talked about, more frequently expressed or discussed

مدار madār pl. -āt orbit; circling, circuiting, circuit, revolution; axis; pivot; (fig.) that upon which s.th. turns or depends, the central, cardinal, or crucial factor, the pivot; center; subject, topic, theme (of a conversation, of negotiations); scope, range, extent, sphere; tropic (geogr.); O steering wheel |مدار السرطان m. as-saraṭān Tropic of Cancer, مدار الجدي m. al-jady Tropic of Capricorn; كان مداره على it (i.e., the dispute, or the like) was about ..., it hinged on ...; على مدار السنة (m. is-sana) throughout the year, all year round

تدوير tadwīr recitation of the Koran at medium speed (between tartīl and ḥadr; a technical term of tajwīd)

مداورة mudāwara pl. -āt cheating, humbug, trickery; outwitting; attempted evasion or circumvention, shift, dodge; persuasion, inveigling, ensnaring

ادارة idāra turning; turning around or over, reverting, reversion, inversion; starting, setting in operation; operation; drive (techn.); direction, management; administration; administrative agency, department, office, bureau |ادارة الأمن i. al-amn the police; ادارة عرفية (‘urfīya) military administration; سوء الإدارة sū’ al-i. mismanagement, maladministmtion; مجلس الإدارة Majlis al-i. board of directors, administrative board, committee of management; مرنز الإدارة markaz al-i. administration center, headquarters

اداري idārī administrative, departmental; administrative officer; manager (athlet.); اداريا idāriyan through administrative channels, administratively, officially

استدارة istidāra roundness, rotundity, circularity

دائر dā’ir turning, revolving, spinning; circulating; current (e.g., expression), common; ambulant, itinerant; in progress, under way j working, in operation; running (machine, engine); round

دائرة dā’ira pl. دوائر dawā’ir2 circle (also math.); ring; circumference, perimeter, periphery; sphere, scope, range, compass, extent, circuit; field, domain (fig.); official agency, department (esp. Ir., Syr., Leb.); office, bureau; department of a court of justice (Eg., Tun.); farm, country estate (eg.); misfortune, calamity, affliction |في دائرة within the framework of ...; على شكل نصف دائرة ‘alā šakli niṣfi d. semicircular; نقطة الدائرة nuqṭat ad-d. essential factor, pivot, crucial point, crux; O دائرة كهربائية (kahrabā’īya) electric circuit; O دائرة قصيرة short circuit (el.); دائرة المعارف encyclopedia; دوائر الحكومة government circles, الدوائر الرسمية (السياسية، العسكرية ) (rasmīya, siyāsīya, ‘askarīya) official (political, military) circles or quarters (journ.); دائرة الاختصاص jurisdiction (of an official agency, esp., of a court of justice); الدائرة السنية (sanīya) civil list; دائرة استئنافية (isti’nāfīya) appellate court (Eg.; jur.); دائرة انتخابية (intikābīya) electoral district; دارت عليه الدوائر to suffer adversities

دائري dā’irī circular, ring-shaped, annular

مدور mudawwar round, circular

مدير mudīr head, chief, director; administrator; manager; intendant, superintendent; rector (of a university); mudir, chief officer of a mudiria, approx. = governor (Eg.); (pl. مدراء mudarā’2) administrative officer at the head of a county (Syr., Leb., Ir., Saudi Ar.) | مدير الجوق m. al-jauq bandleader, conductor of an orchestra

مديرة mudīra directress; administratress

مديرية mudīrīya direction; administration; management; -- (pl. -āt) mudiria, province (Eg.); approx.: main department of a ministry (Ir.)

مستدير mstadīr round; circular |مؤتمر المائدة المستديرة (mu’tamar al-mā’idat al-m.) roundtable conference

دورق dauraq pl. دوارق dawāriq2 (eg.) bulging vessel with a long, slender neck, carafe

دوزن dauzana to tune (a musical instrument); O to tune in (radio)

دوزان dūzān and دوزنة dauzana tuning (of a musical instrument); دوزنة O tuning (radio)

دوزينة (It. dozzina) dōzīna dozen

داس (دوس ) dāsa u (daus, دياس diyās) to tread, step (هـ on); to tread (هـ s.th.); to tread down, trample down, trample underfoot, crush (هـ s.th.); to thresh (grain); to treat with disdain, humiliate (ه s.o.); to run over (ه s.o.; automobile) VII pass. of I

دوس daus treading, trampling, tread, step

ديسة dīsa dense forest, jungle, thicket

دواسة dawwāsa pedal

مداس madās shoe, sandal

مدوس madūs, مداس mudās trodden, trampled down; crushed; run over

دوسنطاريا dusinṭāriyā, دوسنتاريا dysentery

دوسية (Fr. dossier) dosyē, دوسيه dōsē pl. -āt dossier, file

1 دوش (eg.) dawaš to irritate (ه s.o.) or drive s.o. crazy by noise

دوشة dauša (eg.) din, noise, clamor, uproar, hubbub, hullabaloo

2 دوش (Fr. douche) dūš pl. -āt shower, douche

دوطة (It. dote) dōṭa dowry

دوغ II to imprint a mark, to brand

داغ dāg pl. -āt brand (on cattle)

داف (دوف ) dāfa u (dauf) to mix, mingle (في هـ s.th. with); to add, admix (في هـ s.th. to)

دوق dūq duke

دوقة dūqa duchess

دوقي dūqī ducal

دوقية dūqīya dukedom, duchy

دوك II to chatter, prattle

دوك dauka din, row, hubbub, turnult, confusion

1 دال (دول ) dāla u" (دولة daula) to change periodically, take turns, alternate, rotate; to change, turn (time, fortune) |دالت دولة الاستبداد the time of absolutism is over, belongs to the past; دالت له الدولة fortune has turned in his favor (عليه against him) III to alternate, rotate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cause to succeed by turns or to follow one another (الأيام al-ayyāma the days; God); to alternate (بين between); to confer, talk (ه with s.o., في about), discuss (في ه with s.o. s.th.) IV to give ascendancy, afford superiority, give the upper hand (من ه to s.o. over); to make victorious, let triumph (على ه s.o. over), grant victory (على ه to s.o. over); to replace (ب هـ or من s.th. with), exchange, substitute (ب هـ or من for s.th. s.th.) |اديل لبني العباس من بني امية udīla li-banī 1-‘abbās min banī umayyata the rule passed from the Ommaiads to the Abbasides VI to alternate, take turns (هـ with or in s.th., e.g., in some work); to hand each other s.th. (هـ ), pass s.th. (هـ ) alternately between themselves; to handle alternately (هـ different things), take now this, now that; to exchange (الرأى ar-ra’y views); to make frequent use (هـ of s.th.); to confer, have a discussion, take counsel, deliberate; to parley, negotiate; to circulate, be in circulation, be current, have currency |تداولته الأيدي tadāwalathu l-aidī it passed from hand to hand, it made the rounds, it circulated; تداولته الألسن (alsun) it passed from mouth to mouth, it was the talk of the town, it was on everybody’s lips

دولة daula pl. دول duwal alternation, rotation, change; change of time, turn of fortune; dynasty; state, country; power, empire |صاحب الدولة title of the Prime Minister; دولة رئيس الحكومة daulat r. al-ḥ. His Excellency, the Prime Minister; فخامة الدولة fakāmat ad-d. title of the President of the Republic (Syr., Leb.); الدولة العلية (‘alīya) name of the ancient Ottoman Empire; الدول الكبرى (العظمى ) (kubrā, ‘uẓmā) the big powers; دولة منتدبة (muntadaba) mandatory power

دولة (dam., pronounced dōle = ركوة rakwa) metal vessel with long curved handle used for making coffee

دولي daulī state (adj.); duwalī international

دولية duwalīya internationality; internationalism; the International

دويلات duwailāt petty states, small countries

دواليك dawālaika alternately, by turns; successively, one by one, one after the other |وهكذا دواليك (wa-hākadā) and so forth, and so on

تدويل tadwīl internationalization

مداولة mudāwala pl. -āt parley, negotiation; deliberation, consultation; discussion; mudāwalatan alternately, one after the other, one at a time

تداول tadāwul alternation, rotation; circulation, currency; circulation of money |بالتداول alternately, by turns, one by one

متداول mutadāwal current, circulating, in circulation; valid; common, in common use, prevailing |الكلام المتداول (kalām) the colloquial language

2 دوال dawālin see دول

دولاب dūlāb pl. دواليب dawālīb2 wheel; tire; gearing, gears, wheels, mechanism, machine, machinery; closet, looker, cabinet, cupboard |دولاب الملابس wardrobe

دولار dūlār pl. -āt dollar

2 دام (دوم ) dāma u (daum, دوام dawām) to last, continue, go on; to persevere, persist | ما دام mā dāma as long as; (the more so) since, inasmuch as, as, because; while he is ..., when he is ; ما دام حيا (ḥayyan) as long as he is alive; ما دمت معك (dumtu) so long as (or while) I am with you II to move in a circle, turn, spin, revolve, rotate, gyrate, circle; to turn, revolve, spin, twirl (هـ s.th.) III to persevere, persist (على in), apply o.s. diligently and steadily (على to), pursue with diligence and perseverance (على s.th.); to continue IV to cause to last or continue, perpetuate, make lasting, make permanent (هـ s.th.) X to make (هـ s.th.) last or continue; to continue, go on (هـ with s.th.)

دوم daum continuance, permanence, duration; دوما dauman constantly, at all times, ever, always; -- doom palm (bot.)

ديمة dīma pl. ديم diyam, ديوم duyūm continuous rain

دوام dawām duration, continuance, permanence, perpetuity; uninterrupted succession; endurance, perseverance; abiding, stay (of s.o., في at a place); دواما dawāman and على الدوام permanently, perpetually, at all times, ever, always | وقت الدوام, اوقات الدوام, ساعات الدوام working hours, office hours (Ir., Syr.)

ديمومة daimūma = دوام

دوامة duwwāma top (child’s toy); whirlpool, eddy, vortex

مداومة mudāwama perseverance, endurance, persistence; continuance, duration; continuation

دائم dā’im lasting, enduring; endless, eternal, perpetual, everlasting; perennial; continued, continuous, continual, incessant, unceasing, constant; permanent, standing, established; durable |دائم التقدم والنمو d. at-taqaddum in a state of constant progress and growth

دائما dā’iman always |دائما ابدا (abadan) always and ever

دائمي dā’imī = دائم

مدام mudām wine

مستديم mustadīm constant, continuous, continual, incessant, uninterrupted

2 دومان dūmān rudder, helm

دومانجي dūmānjī steersman, helmsman

1 دون II to record, write down, set down, put down in writing (هـ s.th.); to enter, list, register, book (هـ s.th.); to collect (هـ poems) |دون شرطا (šarṭan) to stipulate a condition V to be recorded, be written down, be put down in writing

ديوان dīwān pl. دواوين dawāwīn2 account books of the treasury (in the older Islamic administration); divan, collection of poems written by one author; governmental office, administrative office; chancellery, office, bureau, secretariat; council or state, cabinet; council, consultative assembly, board of advisers, executive committee; government; court or justice, tribunal; hall; davenport, divan; (railway) compartment |لغة الدواوين lugat ad-d. official jargon, officialese; ديوان التفتيش inquisitional court; the Inquisition

ديواني dīwānī administrative, administrational, official; an Ottoman style of cursive (used by the secretaries of the State Chancellery for treaties, diplomas, firmans, etc.)

تدوين tadwīn recording, writing down; entry, listing. booking; registering, registration

مدونة mudawwana pl. -āt record, note; entry: body of laws; pl. مدونات writings, literature (on a given subject)

2 دون dūn low, lowly; bad, poor, inferior; meager, inadequate | عامله بالدون (‘āmalahū) he snubbed him

دون dūna (prep.) below, beneath, under (in rank, value, etc.); this side of, short of; before; without more than; with the exclusion of, leaving aside, disregarding ...; and not by any means, but not | دون ذلك (with foll. nominative) on the way to that, there is , before accomplishing that one must …, دون ذلك خرط القتاد (karṭ al-qatad) before one can do that, one must strip the tragacanth of its leaves, i.e., accomplish the impossible; بدون, من دون (dūni) without; with the exclusion of, excluding; بدون ان and من دون ان without (+ foll. gerund in Engl.); دونك dūnaka (with foll. acc.) here you are! take ...! watch out (هـ for)! beware (هـ of)! هو دون he is below him, he doesn’t measure up to him; كان دونه أهمية (ahammīyatan) to be of less importance than ...; اثم دونه كل اثم itmun dūnahū kullu itmin a sin to end all sins; الذين هم دون السن العسكرية (sinn, ‘askarīya) those below the age for military service; دون ما نظر الى (naẓarin) regardless of, irrespective of; دون ما فائدة with no benefit at all; completely useless; تخشى ان يسعدن دونها (takšā an yas‘adna) she is afraid they will be happier than she is; تلك الكتب دون غيرها (kutub, gairihā) those books and no others; ان متعجب من فضلك دون علمك (muta‘ajjib, faḍlika, ‘ilmika) I admire your virtue, but not your knowledge, or, I admire your virtue more than your knowledge; كم الأفواه دون دون التذمر والشكوى (kamma, tadammur, šakwā) he stopped their mouths to keep them from muttering and complaining; اذا كان الغصن دون ما يحتمله (guṣnu, yaḥtamiluhū) if the branch is not strong enough to carry him; وصل دونهم الى الغاية it was he, not they, who reached the goal; اشاحت بوجهها دونه (ašāḥat· bi-wajhihā) she averted her face so that he could not see her; حال دون الشيء to prevent s.th.; الأشعة دون الحمراء (aši‘‘a, ḥamrā‘) the infrared rays; الموجات دون القصيرة (maujāt) ultra-short waves (radio)

دونم dūnum a square measure (Ir. = about 2500 m2; Pal. = roughly, 900 m2)

1 دوى dawā and II to sound, resound, ring out; to drone; to echo, reverberate III to treat (ه a patient, هـ a disease) VI to treat o.s. (with a medicine); to be cured

دوى dawan pl. ادواء adwā’ sickness, illness, disease, malady

دوي dawīy sound, noise, ring, clang, roar, thunder, drone; echo, reverberation

دواة dawāh ( دواية dawāya) pl. دوي duwīy, diwīy, دويات dawayāt inkwell

دواء dawā’ pl. ادوية adwiya remedy, medicament, medication, medicine, drug

دوائي dawd'i medicinal, medicative, curative

داء see دوء

دواء diwā’ treatment, therapy (med.)

مداواة mudāwāh treatment, therapy (med.)

تداو tadāwin cure

2 دوى (Fr. douille) dūy socket (of a light bulb)

ديالوج diyalōg (Eg. spelling) pl. -āt dialogue

ديباج and ديباجة see دبج

ديوث dayyūt ( ديوس ) cuckold; procurer, pimp; a variety of warbler (zool.)

ديجور see دجر

الديجوليون ad-dēgōlīyūn (Eg. spelling) the Gaullists

ديدبان daidabān, daidubān pl. -āt, ديادبة dayādiba guard, sentry: sentinel |ديدبان المراكب ship’s pilot

ديدن see ددن

دير , ديرة, اديار, اديرة, ديرى, ديار, ديراني see دور

ديس dīs diss (Ampelodesma tenax; bot.)

ديسم see دسم

ديسمبر disembir, disambir December

ديك dīk pl. ديكة dīka, ديوك duyūk, ادياك adyāk cock, rooster |ديك الحبش d. al-kabaš turkey, turkey cock; ديك رومي (rūmī) do.; وزن الديك wazn ad-d. bantam weight

السعال الديكي as-su‘āl ad-dīkī whooping cough

ديكتاتوري = دكتاتوري

ديكور (Fr. décor) pl. -āt décor, stage decoration

ديماس daimās, dīmās, ديموس daimūs pl. دياميس dayāmīs2 dungeon, vault

ديمة , ديم, ديمومة see دوم

ديموطيقي dīmūṭīqī demotic (writing)

ديموقراطي , ديمقراطي dimuqrāṭī democratic; democrat

ديموقراطية , ديمقراطية dimuqrāṭīya pl. -āt democracy; democratic attitude or conviction

1 دان (دين ) dāna i to borrow, take up a loan; to be a debtor, be indebted; to owe (ب ل s.o. s.th., also, e.g., دان له بالشكر (šukr) d. lahū bi-š-šukr to owe s.o. one’s thanks; ب s.th., e.g., بالحياة bi-l-ḥayāh one’s life, ل to s.th. or s.o.); to be indebted (ب ل to s.o. for); to be subject, subject o.s., bow, yield, (ل to s.o. or s.th.), be under s.o.’s (ل ) power, owe allegiance (ل to s.o.), obey (ل s.o.); to grant a loan, lend money (ه to s.o.); to subject, subjugate (ه s.o.): to requite, repay (ه s.o.): to condemn (ه s.o.), pass judgment (ه on s.o.) III to have a debt (ه with s.o.), be indebted (ه to s.o.): to be the creditor (ه of s.o.), have a money claim (ه on s.o.) |داينه بمبلغ خمسة قروش (bi-mablag kamsat q.) he had a claim of five piasters on him IV to lend money (ه to s.o.): to sell on credit (ه to s.o.); to convict, find guilty, pronounce guilty (ه s.o.) V to be indebted, have debts; to subject o.s. (ل to) VI تداينوا بدين (dain) to contract a mutual loan, borrow money from each other X to make or incur debts, take up a loan

دين dain pl. ديون duyūn debt; pecuniary obligation, liability: obligation (Isl. Law); claim (Isl. Law), financial claim |بالدين on credit; رب الدين rabb ad-d. creditor; ديون الحرب d. al-ḥarb war debts: دين مضمون bonded, or funded, debt; دين ممتاز (mumtāz) preferred, or privileged, debt; دين موحد (muwaḥḥlad) consolidated debt; دين مطلق (muṭlaq) debt not bound to the physical person of the debtor, but outliving him (Isl. Law); دين مستغرق (mustagriq) claims against an estate which exceed or equal the assets (Isl. Law)

دينونة dainūna judgment; Last Judgment

الديان ad-dayyān the Judge (attribute of God)

مدينة madīna pl. مدائن madā’in2, مدن mudun town, city; المدينة Medina (city in W Saudi Arabia); see مدن

ادانة idāna verdict of guilty: conviction |صدر الحكم بإدانته ṣadara l-ḥukmu bi-idānatihī he was convicted

استدانة istidāna incurrence of debts

دائن dā’in creditor

مديون madyūn indebted, in debt: obligated, under obligation

مديونية madyūnīya indebtedness obligation

مدين madīn owing; indebted, obligated, under obligation; debtor |مدين بالشكر (šukr) owing gratitude, much obliged; كان مدينا ل to be indebted to s.o., stand in s.o.’s debt

مدين mudīn moneylender, creditor

مدان mudān convicted, found guilty; guilty; judged, condemned

2 دان (دين ) dāna i to profess (ب a religion, a conviction. etc.) | دان بالإسلام to profess Islam; دان بعاداته (bi-‘ādātihī) to adhere to one’s customs V to profess (ب a religion)

دين dīn pl. اديان adyān religion, creed, faith, belief |يوم الدين yaum ad-d. the Day of Judgment

ديني dīnī religious; spiritual |لاديني ir-religious; O العلم الديني science of religion

دين dayyin religious, pious, godly, devout

ديانة diyāna pl. -āt religion; communion, confession, denomination, sect |صاحب الديانة founder of a religion

ديان dayyān pious, godly, devout, religious

تدين tadayyun piety, godliness, devoutness, religiousness, religiosity

متدين mutadayyin pious, godly, devout, religious

متدينة mutadayyina religious community

دينار pl. دنانير danānīr2 dinar, a monetary unit (Ir., Jord.); pl. دنانير money

ديناري dīnārī diamonds (of a deck of cards)

دينامو dīnāmō dynamo, generator

ديناميت dīnāmīt dynamite

O دينم dainam pl. ديانم dayānim2 dynamo, generator

دية see ودى

ديوان pl. دواوين and ديواني see1 دون

ذ

ذا (demonstr. pron.) pl. اولاء ulā’i this one, this; بذا bi-dā by this, by this means, thereby; لذا li-dā therefore; كذا ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; so and so, so and so much; هكذا hā-ka-dā so, thus, in this manner; serves as intensifier after interrogative pronouns (roughly corresponding in English to such phrase as: on earth, then, or the like): ماذا what on earth? لماذا why then? why in heaven’s name? – هو ذا huwa dā, f. هي ذي hiya dī that one; look at that one; why, that is ..., now if that isn’t ...!; هاءنذا hā’anadā behold, it is I, here I am, pl. ها نحن اولاء hā naḥnu ulā’i; -- used as an accusative in the construct state: master, owner, or possessor of, with ذو nominative (q.v.), ذي as genitive; -- ذاك dāka, f. تاك tāka, تيك tīka, pl. اولائك ulā’ika this, this one; اذ ذاك (id) then, at that time; in those days; -- ذلك dālika f. تلك tilka, pl. اولائك ulā’ika that, that one; بذلك bi-dālika by that, by that means, in that manner; لذلك li-dālika therefore; بعد ذلك ba‘da dālika after that, upon that, thereafter, thereupon; مع ذلك ma‘a dālika yet, still, nevertheless, for all that; وذلك ان (anna) that is (to say), namely, to wit; وذلك لأن (li-anna) and that is because ..., for the one reason that ...; ذلك بأن (bi-anna) this is due to the fact that ...; كذلك ka-dālika so, thus, in that manner; equally, likewise, in the lame manner; -- ذلكم dālikum f. تلكم tilkum, pl. اولائكم ulā’ikum that one; -- هذا hādā f. هذه hādihī, هذي hādī, pl. هؤلاء hā’ulā’I, dual m. هذان hādāni, f. هاتان hātāni this, this one, see هذا (alphabetically)

ذأب X to be wolflike, be fierce or cruel like a wolf

ذئب di‘b pl. ذئاب di’āb, ذؤبان du’bān dieb (Canis anthus), jackal; wolf | مرض الذئب الأحمر maraḍ ad-d. al-aḥmar name of a noncontiguous skin disease

ذؤابة du’āba pl. ذوائب dawā’ib2 lock, strand (of hair); tuft, wisp

ذات , ذاتي and ذاتية see ذو

ذا see ذا

ذال dāl name of the letter ذ

ذب dabba u to drive away, chase away (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to defend (عن s.o., s.th.)

ذباب dubāb (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اذبة adibba, ذبان dibbān flies, fly | ذباب قارض gadfly, horsefly

ذبابة dubāba pl. -āt (n. un. of ذباب ) fly; tip (of the sword, or the like)

ذبانة dubbāna, dibbāna fly; sight, bead (on a firearm)

مذبة midabba fly whisk, fly swatter

ذبح dabaḥa a (dabḥ) to kill (by slitting the throat); to slaughter, butcher; to massacre; to murder, slay; to sacrifice, offer up, immolate (هـ an animal) II to kill, slaughter, butcher, massacre, murder

ذبح dabḥ slaughtering, slaughter

ذبح dibḥ sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice

ذبحة dibḥa, dubḥa angina (med.); diphtheria | الذبحة الصدرية (ṣadrīya) angina pectoris (med.); O الذبحة الفؤادية (fu’ādīya) do.

ذباح dabbāḥ slaughtering, killing, murdering; slaughterer, butcher

ذبيح dabīḥ slaughtered

ذبيحة dabīḥa pl. ذبائح dabā’iḥ2 slaughter animal; sacrificial victim, blood sacrifice; sacrifice, immolation; offering, oblation

مذبح madbaḥ pl. مذابح madābiḥ2 slaughterhouse; altar (Chr.)

مذبحة madbaḥa massacre, slaughter, carnage, butchery

ذبذب dabdaba to set into a swinging motion, swing, dangle (هـ s.th.) II tadabdaba to swing, pendulate; to oscillate (el.); to be deflected (magnetic needle); to vibrate; to fluctuate; to waver, vacillate, hesitate

ذبذبة dabdaba pl. -āt pendulous motion, pendulation; oscillation (el.); vibration

تذبذب tadabdaba pendulous motion, pendulation, swinging; oscillation (el.); deflection (of a magnetic needle)

O مذبذب mudabdib oscillator (el.)

مذبذب mudabdab fluctuating, variable; vacillating, wavering, hesitant, unsteady

متذبذب mutadabdib: تيار متذبذب (tayyār) oscillating current (el.)

ذبل dabala, dabula u (dabl, ذبول dubūl) to be wilted, to wilt, wither; to fade; to become dry, dry up; to waste away; to become dull, lose its luster (eye)

ذبل dabl mother-of-pearl, nacre

ذبالة dubāla wick

ذابل dābil pl. ذبل dubul wilted, withered; dry, dried up; faded (color); languid, dull, lackluster, languishing (glance); feeble, weak, tired

ذحل daḥl pl. اذحال adḥāl, ذحول duḥūl resentment, rancor, hatred; revengefulness, vindictiveness; blood revenge

ذخر dakara a to keep, preserve, store away, put away (هـ s.th.); to save, lay by (هـ s.th.) VIII ادخر iddakara to keep, preserve, store away, put away (هـ s.th.); to store, accumulate, gather, hoard, amass (هـ s.th.); to lay by (هـ s.th.); to save (هـ s.th., also strength, trouble, etc.) | ادخر حبا ل (ḥubban) to harbor love for; لا يدخر جهدا (juhdan) he spares no effort

ذخر dukr pl. اذخار adkār s.th. stored away, put by, hoarded, or accumulated; stores, supplies; treasure

ذخيرة dakīra pl. ذخائر dakā’ir2 treasure; stores, supplies; provisions, food; ammunition (mil.); (holy) relic

ادخار iddikār storage; hoarding, amassing, accumulation; storing, gathering; saving

مذخر mudakkir pl. -ūn assistant gunner, ammunition passer (mil., Syr.)

مذخر mudakkar pl. -āt supply

مدخرة muddakira pl. -āt (Syr.) storage battery, battery

1 ذرة dura see ذرو

2 ذر darra u (darr) to strew, scatter, spread (هـ s.th.); to sprinkle (ب هـ on s.th. s.th.) | ذر الرماد في عينيه (ar-ramāda fī ‘ainaihī) to throw dust in s.o.’s eyes; -- u (ذرور durūr) to rise, come up, rise resplendent over the horizon (sun) | ذر قرنه (qarnuhū) it began to show, it emerged

ذر darr strewing, scattering, sprinkling; (coll.) tiny particles, atoms, specks, motes

ذرة darra (n. un.) pl. -āt atom; tiny particle; speck, mote | مثقال ذرة mitqāl d. the weight of a dust particle, a tiny amount; a little bit; مقدار ذرة miqdār d. a tiny amount, a jot, an iota; ذرة من الشك (šakk) the least doubt

ذري darrī atomic | قنبلة ذرية (qunbula) atomic bomb; النشاط الذري (našāṭ) and طاقة ذرية (ṭāqa) atomic energy

ذرور darūr powder

ذروري darūrī powdery, powdered, pulverized

ذريرة (darīra pl. ذرائر darā’ir2 fragrant powder, cosmetic scented powder

ذري durrī of or pertaining to the offspring or progeny

ذرية durrīya pl. -āt, ذراري darārīy progeny, descendants, children, offspring

3 يذر yadaru see (وذر )

ذرب dariba a (darab) to be sharp, cutting

ذرب darab diarrhea (med.)

ذرب darib pl. ذرب durb sharp, cutting | جرح ذرب (jurḥ) a malignant, incurable wound

ذراح durrāḥ pl. ذراريح darārīḥ2 Spanish fly, blister beetle (zool.)

ذرع dara‘a a (dar‘) to measure (هـ s.th.); to take the measure or measurements (هـ of s.th.); to cover (هـ a distance); to cross, travel (هـ a country), travel through (هـ ); to intercede, intervene, mediate, put in a word (ل for s.o., on behalf of s.o., عند with s.o. else) V to use, employ, apply (بذريعة bi-darī‘a or بوسيلة bi-wasīla a means, an expedient); to use as a pretext, as an excuse (ب s.th.); to use as a means (ب s.th., الى to an end) VII to proceed, advance; to intervene

ذرع dar‘ power, ability, capability (ب to do s.th.) |ضاق ذرعا ب and ضاق عنه ذرعا (dar‘an) not to be up to s.th., be unable to do or accomplish s.th.; to be unable to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by ذراع dirā‘ f. and m., pl. اذرع adru‘, ذرعان dur‘ān arm; forearm; connecting rod; cubit, in Syria = .68 m |in Egypt: ذراع بلدي (baladī) = .58 m, ذراع استانبولي (istanbūlī) = .665 m, ذراع هندازة (hindāza) = .656 m, ذراع معماري (mi‘mārī) = ca. .75 m, ذراع معماري مربع (murabba‘) = .5625 m; in Iraq: ذراع حلبي (ḥalabī) = ca. .68 m, ذراع بغدادي (bagdādī) or ذراع بلدي (baladī) = ca. .80 m, ذراع معماري see 800 above

ذريع darī‘ stepping lively, walking briskly; rapid, quick; torrential; rapidly spreading, sweeping (death); devastating; intercessor

ذريعة darī‘a pl. ذرائع darā’i‘2 medium, means, expedient; pretext, excuse

ذرف darafa i (darf, ذريف darīf, ذروف durūf, ذرفان darafan) to flow, well forth (tears); to shed (هـ tears; said of the eye) II to exceed (على an age) X to let flow, shed (هـ tears)

ذرق daraqa i u (darq) to drop excrement (bird) IV do.

ذرق darq droppings, excrement (of a bird)

(ذرو and ذرى) ذرا darā u (darw) to disperse, scatter (هـ s.th.); to carry off, blow away (هـ dust; said of the wind); to winnow, fan (هـ grain); -- ذرى darā i (dary) do. II do. IV = I; to throw down, throw off (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) | اذرت العين الدمع (dam‘a) the eye shed tears V to be winnowed, be fanned; to climb (هـ on), scale (هـ s.th.); to seek shade or shelter (ب in, at, under); to take refuge (ب with), flee (ب to) X to take refuge (ب with), place o.s. under s.o.’s (ب ) protection, flee (ب to s.o.)

ذرة dura durra, a variety of sorghum | ذرة شامي (eg.) Indian corn, maize (Zea mays L.); ذرة صفراء (ṣafrā’) do. (syr.); ذرة عويجة (eg.) a variety of millet (Andropogon Sorghum Brot. var. Schwein furtianus Kcke.); ذرة بيضاء (baiḍā’) millet (syr.)

ذرى daran protection, shelter

ذروة durwa, dirwa pl. ذرى duran summit; top; peak; culmination, climax, acme, apex

مذرى midran and مذارة midrāh pl. مذار madārin winnow, winnowing fork

ذعر da‘ara a (da‘r) to frighten, scare, alarm, terrify (ه s.o.); pass. du‘ira to be frightened (ل by), get alarmed (ل at); -- da‘ira a (da‘ar) to be terrified, alarmed, dismayed IV to frighten, scare, alarm, terrify (ه s.o.) V and VII to be frightened, become alarmed

ذعر du‘r fright, terror, alarm, panic

ذعر da‘ar fright, alarm, dismay, consternation

ذعاف du‘āf lethal, deadly, immediately killing (poison) | موت ذعاف (maut) a sudden, immediate death

ذعق da‘aqa a (da‘q) to frighten (ه s.o.) by screaming

ذعن da‘ana a (da‘an) and IV to submit, yield, give in (ل to s.o.), obey (ل s.o., an order, etc.); to concede voluntarily, grant willingly (ب ل to s.o. s.th.)

اذعان id‘ān submissiveness, pliability, compliance, obedience

مذعن mud‘in submissive, pliable, tractable, obedient

مذعان mid‘an pliable, tractable, docile, obedient, obliging, compliant

ذفر dafar pungent smell, stench

ذقن daqan, diqan pl. اذقان adqān, ذقون duqūn chin; -- daqn f., pl. ذقون duqūn beard, whiskers | ذقن الشيخ d. aš-šaik; worm-wood, absinthe; خروا لأذقانهم karrū li-adqānihim they prostrated themselves; غرق في العمل حتى الذقن (gariqa fī l-‘amal) to be up to one’s neck in work, be swamped by work (properly: to drown in work); ضحك على ذقنه (ḍaḥika) pl. على ذقونهم (eg., syr.) to fool s.o., make fun of s.o., lead s.o. around by the nose (ب with s.th.); to put on an act for s.o.; ضحك في ذقنه to laugh in s.o.’s face

ذكر dakara u (dikr, تذكار tadkār) to remember, bear in mind (هـ s.th.), think (هـ of); to keep in mind (هـ s.th.); to recall, recollect (هـ s.th.); -- (dikr) to speek, talk (هـ of, about); to name, mention, cite, quote (هـ s.th.); to state, designate, indicate (هـ s.th.); to give (هـ e.g., foots, data); to point, refer (هـ to s.th.); to report, relate, tell (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.) | تقدم يذكر taqaddumun yudkaru notable progress; لا يذكر (yudkaru) inconsiderable, not worth mentioning; ذكره بخير (بالخير ) (kair) to have pleasant memories of s.o., hold s.o. in fond remembrance; to speak well of s.o.; ذكره بشر (šarr) to have unpleasant memories of s.o.; to speak ill of s.o. II to remind (ب ه s.o. of s.th.), point out (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), call s.o.’s (ه ) attention (ب to); to make (هـ a word) masculine (gram.) III to parley, negotiate, confer, have a talk, take counsel (ه with s.o.); to memorize, commit to memory, learn, study (هـ one’s assignment, one’s lesson) | ذاكر دروسه (durūsahū) to study one’s lessons, do one’s homework IV to remind (هـ ه s.o. of s.th.), call (هـ s.th.) to s.o.’s (ه ) mind V to remember, bear in mind (هـ s.th.), think (هـ of s.th.) VI to remind each other (هـ of), revive each other’s memory of (هـ ); to confer (together), have a talk, take counsel VIII ادكر iddakara = V; X to remember, recall, keep in mind, know by heart (هـ s.th.)

ذكر dikr recollection, remembrance, reminiscence, memory, commemoration; reputation, repute, renown; naming, stating, mention(ing), quoting, citation; report, account, narration, narrative; invocation of God, mention of the Lord’s name; (in Sufism) incessant repetition of certain words or formulas in praise of God, often accompanied by music and dancing |على ذكر (with foll. genit.) apropos of, speaking of ...; وعلى ذكر ذلك speaking of that, incidentally, in that connection; الذكر الحكيم the Koran; سالف الذكر abovementioned, afore-mentioned; سعيد الذكر of blessed memory, deceased, late; اشاد بذكره (ašāda) to celebrate, praise, commend s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.; ما زال على ذكر من (dikr min) he still remembered ..., he could still recall ...

ذكر dakar pl. ذكور dukūr, ذكورة dukūra, ذكران dukrān male; (pl. ذكور ) penis

ذكرة dukra reputation, repute, renown

ذكرى dikrā pl. ذكريات dikrayāt remembrance, recollection, memory; pl. reminiscences, memoirs

ذكير dakīr steel

تذكار tadkār, tidkār remembrance; reminder, memento; memory, commemoration; souvenir, keepsake; memorial day |تذكار جميع القديسين t. jamī‘ al-qiddīsīn All Saints’ Day (Chr.)

تذكاري tadkārī, tidkārī serving to remind, helping the memory; memorial, commemorative

تذكرة tadkira reminder; memento

تذكرة tadkira, mostly pronounced tadkara, pl. تذاكر tadākir2 message, note; slip, paper, permit, pus; card; ticket; admission ticket | تذكرة بريد postcard; تذكرة اثبات الشخصية t. itbāt aš-šakṣīya identity card; تذكرة ذهاب واياب t. dahāb wa-iyāb round-trip ticket; تذكرة الرصيف (eg.) platform ticket; تذكرة اشتراك subscription ticket; تذكرة طبية (ṭibbīya) medical prescription; تذكرة مرور permit, pass, laissez-passer; passport; تذكرة النفوس (Syr.) identity card (= بطاقة شخصية Eg.); تذكرة الانتخاب t. al-intikāb ballot

تذكرجي tadkarjī, تذكري tadkarī ticket seller, ticket clerk; (streetcar) conductor

تذكير tadkīr reminding (of s.o., ب of s.th:). reminder, memento; fecundation, pollination (of female blossoms; in pomiculture)

مذاكرة mudākara pl. -āt negotiation, consultation. conference; deliberation (of a court; Syr.); learning, memorizing, memorization; study

تذكر tadakkur memory, remembrance, recollection

استذكار istidkār memorizing, memorization, committing to memory

ذاكرة dākira memory

مذكور madkūr mentioned; said, above-mentioned; celebrated | لم يكن شيئا مذكورا lam yakun šai’an m. it was of no importance, it was nothing

مذكر mudakkar masculine (gram.)

مذكرة mudakkira pl. -āt reminder; note; remark.; notebook; memorandum, memorial, aide-mémoire, (diplomatic) note; ordinance, decree; treatise, paper, report (of a learned society, = Fr. mémoires); pl. reminiscences, memoirs | مذكرة الاتهام m. al-ittihām bill of indictment (jur.); مذكرة الجلب m. al-jalb writ of habeas corpus; مذكرة شفاهية (šifāhīya) verbal note (dipl.)

(ذكو and ذكى) ذكا dakā u (dukūw, ذكا dakan, ذكاء dakā’) to blaze, flare up (fire); to exude a strong odor; -- ذكي dakiya (ذكاء dakā’) to be sharp-witted, intelligent II and IV to cause to blaze, fan (هـ the fire); to kindle (هـ s.th.) II to immolate an animal X = dakā

ذكاء dakā’ acumen, mental, acuteness, intelligence, brightness; -- dukā’2 the sun

ذكي dakīy pl. اذكياء adkiyā’2 intelligent, sharp-witted, clever, bright; redolent, fragrant; tasty, savory, delicious

ذل dalla i (dall, dull, ذلالة dalāla, ذلة dilla, مذلة madalla) to be low, lowly, humble, despised, contemptible II to lower, debase, degrade, humiliate, humble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (ه s.o.); to overcome, surmount (هـ difficulties, obstacles) IV to lower, debase, degrade, humiliate, humble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to subject, break, subdue, conquer (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.) V to lower o.s, humble o.s., cringe (الى or ل before s.o.); to be humble, obsequious X to think (ه s.o.) low or despicable; to think little (ه of), disesteem (ه s.o.); to deride, flout, disparage, run down (ه s.o.)

ذل dull lowness, lowliness, insignificance; ignominy, disgrace, shame, degradation, humiliation; humility, humbleness, meekness, submissiveness

ذلة dilla lowness, baseness, vileness, depravity; submissivness, obsequiousness

ذليل dalīl pl. اذلاء adillā’2, اذلة adilla low, lowly; despised, despicable, contemptible; docile, tractable, pliable; humble, submissive, abject, servile; obsequious, cowering, cringing ذلول dalūl pl. ذلل dulul docile, tractable, gentie (animal); female riding camel

مذلة madalla humbleness, meekness, submissiveness; humiliation

تذليل tadlīl derogation, degradation, bemeaning; overcoming, conquering, surmounting (of difficulties, of an obstacle, and the like)

اذلال idlāl degradation, debasement, humiliation

تذلل tadallul self-abasement

ذلذل duldul pl. ذلاذل dalādil2 lowest, nethermost part of s.th.; train, hem (of a garment) |ذلاذل الناس the mob, the riffraff

اذلف adlaf2, f. ذلفاء dalfā’, pl. ذلف dulf having a small and finely chiseled nose

ذلق dalq tip, point; tip of the tongue

الحروف الذلق al-ḥurūf ad-dulq, الحروف الذلقية and الحروف الذوللقية (dulaqiya) the liquids r, l, n (phon.)

ذلق dalq, daliq, ذليق dalīq eloquent, glib, facile (tongue)

ذلاقة dalāqa eloquence, glibness (of the tongue)

ذلك etc., see ذا

ذم damma u (damm, مذمة madamma) to blame, find blameworthy, dispraise, criticize (ه s.o.), find fault (ه with s.o.) II to rebuke, censure sharply (ه s.o.)

ذم damm censure, dispraise, derogation, disparagement

ذمة dimma pl ذمم dimam protection, care, custody; covenant of protection, compact; responsibility, answerableness; financial obligation, liability, debt; inviolability, security of life and property; safeguard, guarantee, security; conscience |بالذمة؟ honestly? really? seriously? في ذمتي and على ذمتي upon my word, truly; بذمته, في ذمته in s.o.’s debt, indebted to s.o.; ما بذمته his debt; على ذمته under s.o.’s protection; at s.o.’s disposal; for the benefit of s.o. or s.th., for s.o. or some purpose (allocation of funds); هي على ذمته she is financially dependent on him, he has to support her; اهل الذمة ahl ad-d. the free non-Muslim subjects living in Muslim, countries who, in return for paying the capital tax, enjoyed protection and safety; طاهر الذمة of pure conscience, upright, honest; برأ ذمته (barra’a) to relieve one’s conscience, meet one’s obligation

ذمي dimmī a zimmi, a free non-Muslim subject living in a Muslim country (see ذمة dimma: اهل الذمة )

ذمام dimām pl. اذمة adimma right, claim, title; protection, custody; security of life and property | في ذمام الليل fī d. al-lail under cover of darkness

ذميم damīm censured; blameworthy, objectionable, reprehensible; ugly, unfair, nasty

ذميمة damīima pl. ذمائم damā’im2 blame, censure

مذمة madamma pl. -āt blame, censure

مذموم madmūm censured; blameworthy, objectionable, reprehensible

ذمر V to grumble, complain (من or على about)

ذمار dimār sacred possession, cherished goods; honor

تذمر tadammur pl. -āt grumbling, complaint, grievance

ذمي damiya a (ذماء damā’) to be in the throes of death

ذماء damā’ last remnant; last breath of life | ذماء من الحياة (ḥayāh) last breath of life

ذنب IV to do wrong, commit a sin, a crime, an offense; to be guilty, be culpable X to find or declare (ه s.o.) guilty of a sin, of a crime, of an offense

ذنب danb pl. ذنوب dunūb offense, sin, crime, misdeed

ذنب danab pl. ذنب adnāb tail; end; adherent (pol.), follower, henchman

ذنبي danabī caudal, tail- (in compounds); append aged, appendant, dependent

ذنيب dunaib petiole, leafstalk (bot.)

مذنب mudannab comet

مذنب mudnib culpable, guilty; sinner; evildoer, delinquent, criminal

ذهب dahaba a (ذهاب dahāb, مذهب madhab) to go (الى to); to betake o.s., travel (الى to); to go away, leave, depart; to disappear, vanish, decline, dwindle; to perish, die, be destroyed; with ب : to carry s.th. off, take s.th. away, abduct, steal s.th., sweep s.th. or s.o. away, annihilate, destroy s.th. or s.o.; ذهب به الى to lead or conduct s.o. to, take s.o. along to; to think, believe (الى s.th.), hold the view, be of the opinion (الى that); to escape (عن s.o.; fig.), slip (عن s.o.’s mind), ذهب عنه ان to lose sight of the fact that ..., forget that ; to ignore, skip, omit (عن s.th.); (with imperf.) to prepare to ..., be about to | ذهب وجاء to go back and forth, walk up and down; ذهب الى ابعد من (ab‘ada) to go beyond (fig.); ما يذهب في نزعته (naz‘atihī) what follows along these lines; اين يذهب بك ! (yudhabu) the idea of it! you can’t mean it! ذهب سدى (sudan) to be futile, be in vain, be of no avail; ذهب ادراج الرياح (adrāja r-riyāḥ) to go the ways of the winds, i.e., to pass unnoticed, without leaving a trace; to end in smoke, come to nothing, be futile, be in vain; ذهب كأمس الدابر (ka-amsi d-dābir) to vanish into thin air, disappear without leaving a trace (lit.: like yesterday gone by); ذهب ببهائه (bi-bahā’ihi) to take the glamor away from s.th.; ذهب بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) to kill s.o. (joy, terror, etc.); ذهب بخياله (bi-kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander (الى to); ذهب مذهبه (madhabahū) to embrace s.o.’s madhab (see below); to follow s.o.’s teaching, make s.o.’s belief one’s own, embrace s.o.’s ideas; to adopt s.o.’s policy, proceed exactly like s.o.; ذهب كل مذهب (kulla madhabin) to do everything conceivable, leave no stone unturned, go to greatest lengths II to gild (هـ s.th.) IV to cause to go away, make disappear, remove, eliminate (هـ s.th.); to take away (هـ s.th., عن from s.o.)

مذهب II tamadhaba (deriv. of مذهب madhab) to follow, adopt, embrace (ب a teaching, a religion, etc.)

ذهب dahab (m. and f.) gold; gold piece, gold coin |O ذهب ابيض (abyaḍ) platinum

ذهبي dahabī golden, of gold; precious, excellent, apposite (e.g., advice, saying, etc.) | آية ذهبية golden word, maxim, epigram

ذهبية dahabīya pl. -āt dahabeah, a long light-draft houseboat, used on the Nile

ذهاب dahāb going; passing, passage, falling away, decrease, dwindling, loss, disappearance; leave, departure; trip, journey; outward-bound trip or journey (as opposed to اياب iyāb return trip; railroad); opinion, view (الى ان that) |ذهابا وايابا (iyāban) there and back; back and forth, up and down; تذكرة ذهاب واياب tadkarat d. wa-iyāb round-trip ticket

ذهوب duhūb going | ذهوب ومآب coming and going; في جيئة وذهوب coming and going, in a state of fluctuation, having its ups and downs

مذهب madhab pl. مذاهب madāhib2 going, leave, departure; way out, escape (عن from); manner followed, adopted procedure or policy, road entered upon; opinion, view, belief; ideology; teaching, doctrine; movement, orientation, trend (also pol.); school; mazhab, orthodox rite of fiqh (Isl. Law); religious creed, faith, denomination |O مذهبه في الحياة (ḥayāh) his philosophy of life, his weltanschauung; المذهب المادي (māddī) the materialistic ideology, the materialistic approach to life; ذهب مذهبا بعيدا to go very far, be very extensive

مذهبي madhabī denominational, confessional; sectarian

مذهبية madhabīya sectarianism

ذاهب dāhib: ذاهب اللون d. al-laun faded, colorless, discolored

مذهوب به madhūb bihī and مذهوب العقل m. al-‘aql out of one’s mind, demented

مذهب mudahhab gilded

ذهل dahala a (dahl, ذهول duhūl) to forget, overlook, omit, neglect, fail to heed (عن s.th.); -- dahlia a (ذهول duhūl) to be perplexed, alarmed, dismayed, startled, surprised, baffled; to be astonished, be amazed; to frighten, scare, take alarm, flinch; to be absent-minded, be distracted; to be or become distracted (عن from), forget, overlook, fail to heed, neglect (عن s.th.) IV to baffle, startle, nonplus (ه s.o.); to distract (عن ه s.o. from), make (ه s.o.) forget (عن s.th.) VII = dahila

ذهول duhūl perplexity, consternation, bafflement, daze, stupor; confusion, bewilderment, dismay, alarm, fright; surprise; amazement, astonishment; absentmindedness, distraction, distractedness (عن from)

ذاهل diJAil negligent, forgetful, oblivious, distracted, absent-minded; dazed, in a stupor

مذهول madhūl perplexed, startled, alarmed, dismayed, dazed, confused, baffled, bewildered; distracted, absentminded

ذهل mudhil startling, baffling, amazing

منذهل mundahil alarmed, dismayed, perplexed, startled, baffled; distracted, absent-minded

ذهن dihn pl. اذهان adhān mind; intellect

ذهني dihnī mental, intellectual

ذهنية dihnīya mentality

ذو dū, genit. ذي dī, acc. ذا dā, f. ذات dāt, pl. m. ذوو dawū, اولو ulū, pl. f. ذوات dawāt (with foll. genit.) possessor, owner, holder or muter of, endowed or provided with, embodying or comprising s.th. |ذو عقل dū ‘aql endowed with brains, bright, intelligent; ذو مال rich, wealthy; ذو صحة dū ṣiḥḥa healthy; ذو شأن dū ša’n important, significant; ذو القربى dū l-qurbā relative, kin(sman); غير ذي زرع (zar‘) uncultivated (land); من ذي قبل min dī qablu than before; من ذي نفسه of one’s own accord, spontaneously; ذووه dawūhu his relatives, his kin, his folk; ذوو المعرفة dawū l-mawadda wa-l-ma‘rifa friends end acquaintances; ذوو الشبهات dawū š-šubuhāt dubious persons, people of ill repute; ذوو الشأن dawū š-ša’n important, influential people; the competent people (or authorities), those concerned with the matter; اولوا الامر ulū l-amr rulers, leaders; اولو الحل والعقد ulū l-hall wa-l-‘aqd influential people, those in power

ذات dāt pl. ذوات dawāt being, essence, nature; self; person, personality; the same, the selfsame; -self; الذوات people of rank, people of distinction, notables; ذاتا dātan personally | ذات البين d. al-bain disagreement, dissension, disunion, discord, enmity; friendship; ذات الجنب d. al-janb pleurisy (med.); ذات الرئة d. ar-ri’a pneumonia; ذات الصدر d. aṣ-ṣadr disease of the chest, pectoral ailment; ذات اليد d. al-yad wealth, affluence; ذات ايدينا d. aidīnā our possessions; ذات اليمين dāta l-yamīn to the right, ذات الشمال dāta š-šimāli to the left, ذات اليسار dāta l-yasāri do.; ذات مرة dāta marratin once, one time, في ذات مرة fī dāti marratin do.; ذات يوم dāta yaumin one day, في ذات يوم fī dāti yaumin do.; في ذات غد fī dāti gadin sometime in the future, before long; في ذات fī dāti (with foll. genit.) as to …, concerning ..., with reference to …, re; بالذات bi-d-dāt none other than ..., of all things, of all people; personally, in person; انا بالذات I, of all people, ..., none other than I ...; في لندن بالذات in London, of all places; السعادة بالذات (sa‘āda) essential happiness, happiness proper; ذات نفسه dāt nafsihī, ذات انفسهم d. anfusihim his sejf, their selves, his (their) very nature; هو ذاته, هو بذاته (he) himself; ذات الشيء the same thing; ذات الأشياء the same things; السنة ذاتها (sana) the same year; لذاته by himself (itself); in itself; as such; for his (its) own sake; في ذاته in itself; في حد ذاته fī ḥaddi d. do.; قائم بذاته self-existent, independent, self-contained, isolated; الثقة بالذات (tiqa) self-confidence; حب الذات ḥubb ad-d. and محبة الذات maḥabbat ad-d. self-love, selfishness, egoism; الاعتماد على الذات self-confidence, self-reliance; صريح بذاته self-evident, self-explanatory; مناقض ذاته munāqiḍ dātahū self-contradictory; ابن ذوات ibn dawāt descended from a good family, highborn

ذاتي dātī own, proper; self-produced, self-created, spontaneous; personal; self-acting, automatic; subjective (philos.); (pl. -ūn) subjectivist (philos.); ذاتيا dātīyan of o.s., by o.s.; personally, in person | الحكم الذاتي (ḥukm) autonomy

ذاتية dātīya personality; subjectivism (philos.); identity (of a person) |تحقيق الذاتية identification (of a person)

لا ذاتية lā-dātīya impersonality

ذواتي dawātī high-class, exclusive, luxurious

1 ذوابة see ذأب

1 ذاب (ذوب )) dāba u (daub), (daub, ذوبان ) to dissolve; to melt; to melt away; to liquefy, deliquesce; to dwindle away, vanish; to pine away, waste away (حسرة واسى ḥasratan wa-asan with grief and sorrow) |ذاب حياء (hayā’an) to die of shame; ذابت اظفاره في (aẓfāruhū) to strive in vain for, make futile efforts in order to II to dissolve, melt, liquefy (هـ s.th.) IV to dissolve (also, e.g., tablets in water), liquefy (هـ s.th.); to melt (هـ s.th.); to smelt (هـ metal); to consume, spend, exhaust, use up, sap (هـ s.th.) |اذاب جهده (juhdahū) to exhaust s.o.’s energy; اذاب عصارة مخه في (‘uṣārata mukkihī) to rack one’s brain with

ذوب daub dissolution; solution (also, as a liquid)

ذوبان dawabān dissolution, melting, deliquescence, liquefaction |ذوبان الثلج (الثلوج ) d. at-talj (at-tulūj) snowbreak, thaw; قابل للذوبان qābil li-d-d. meltable, soluble, dissoluble

تذويب tadwīb dissolution, solution, melting, liquefaction

اذابة idāba dissolution, solution, melting, liquefaction

ذائب dā’ib dissolved; melted, molten; salable, dissoluble

ذات and ذوات see ذو

ذاد (ذود ) dāda u (daud, ذياد diyād) to scatter, drive away, chase away; to remove (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to defend, protect (عن s.o., s.th.) |ذاد النوم عن عينه (an-nauma ‘an ‘ainihī) to drive or keep the sleep from his eyes

ذود daud defense, protection (عن of s.th.)

ذياد diyād defense, protection (عن of s.th.)

مذود midwād pl. مذاود madāwid manger, crib, feeding trough

ذائد dā’id pl. ذادة dāda defender, protector

ذاق (ذوق ) dāqa u (dauq, ذواق dawāq, مذاق madāq) to taste, sample (هـ food, etc.); to try, try out, teat (هـ s.th.); to get a taste (هـ of s.th.), experience, undergo, suffer (هـ s.th.), go through s.th. (هـ ) IV to have (ه s.o.) taste or sample (هـ s.th.), give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) to taste V to taste (هـ s.th.) slowly, repeatedly, thoroughly; to get a taste (هـ of s.th.); to sense, perceive (هـ s.th.); to enjoy thoroughly, savor, relish (هـ s.th.); to derive pleasure (من from)

ذوق dauq pl. اذواق adwāq gustatory sense; taste (ل for; also, e.g., literary taste); perceptivity, responsiveness (في for); sensitivity, sensitiveness; savoir-vivre, suavity, urbanity, tact; liking, inclination; taste, flavor (of food, etc.) |الذوق السليم good taste

ذوقي dauqī of taste, gustative, gustatory

ذواق dawāq taste

ذواق dawwāq epicure, connoisseur, gourmet, bon vivant

مذاق madāq taste

ذائقة dā’iqa sense of taste

ذوى dawā i and dawiya a to wither, wilt, fad.; to be withered, be dry IV to cause to wilt, to dry

ذاو dāwin withered, faded, drooping

ذي see ذو

ذاع (ذيع ) dā’a i (ذيوع duyū‘) to spread, get about, circulate, be spread, be disseminated, be or become widespread; to leak out, become public, become generally known IV to spread. spread out, disseminate, propagate (هـ or ب s.th.); to make known, announce, make public, publicize, publish (هـ or ب s.th.); to promulgate (هـ or ب s.th.); to show, manifest, display (هـ or ب s.th.), give evidence (هـ or ب of); to reveal, disclose, divulge (هـ or ب s.th.); to emit (هـ electric waves); to broadcast, transmit (هـ s.th., على to the public; radio) | اذاع بالتلفزة (talfaza) to telecast (هـ s.th.)

ذيوع duyū‘ widespreadness, commonness; spreading, spread, dispersion, diffusion; circulation (of news)

مذياع midyā‘ pl. مذاييع madāyī‘2 telltale, talebearer, tattler, blabber,: indiscret person; radio station, broadcasting station; broadcasting; microphone; O radio set

اذاعة idā‘a spreading, dissemination, propagation; announcement, proclamation; publication; revelation, disclosure; playback (of a tape; as opposed to recording); broadcasting, radio; (pl. -āt) (radio) broadcast, transmission | اذاعة الأخبار i. al-akbāir newscast, news (radio); اذاعة تلفزية (talfazīya) television broadcast, telecast; اذاعة لاسلكية (lā-silkīya) and اذاعة راديوفونية radio broadcast; broadcasting, radio; اذاعة البوليس police radio; مجلة الإذاعة majallat al-i. radio magazine

ذائع dā’i‘ widespread, common, general; circulating, in circulation; widely known |ذائع الصيت d. aṣ-ṣīt famous, noted, renowned, widely known

مذيع mudī‘ spreader, disseminator, propagator, proclaimer; broadcasting, transmitting (used attributively); (radio) transmitter; radio announcer

مذيعة mudī‘a pl. -āt woman announcer (radio)

ذيل II to furnish (هـ s.th., esp. a book) with an appendix, add a supplement (هـ to); to provide (هـ s.th.) at the end (ب with) IV to trample underfoot, degrade, debase (هـ s.th.)

ذيل dail pl. ذيول duyūl, اذيال adyāl the lowest or rearmost part of s.th., lower end; tail; hem, border (of a garment); train (of a skirt); lappet, coat tail; bottom, foot, end (of a page); appendage, appendicle; add.nda, supplement, appendix (of a book); retinue, attendants, suite; dependent; result, consequence |في ذيله immediately thereafter: طاهر الذيل innocent, blameless, upright, honest; طهارة الذيل ṭahārat ad-d. innocence, moral integrity, probity, uprightness, honesty; طويل الذيل long, lengthy, extensive: تمسك باذياله tamassaka bi-adyālihī to cling to s.o.’s coat tails, hold on to s.o.; جر عليه ذيل العفاء (jarra, ‘alaihi) to wipe out s.th., bring about the doom of s.th., let s.th. sink into oblivion: لاذ بأذيال الشيء to resort to s.th.

ر

راء rā’ name of the letter ر

رئة ri’a pl. رئون ri’ūn, رئات ri’āt lung

رئوي ri’awī pulmonary, pulmonic, pneumonic, of or pertaining to the lung, lung (used attributively)

رأب ra’aba a (ra’b) to mend, repair, patch up (هـ a rent, and the like); to rectify, put in order, set right (هـ s.th.)

رؤبة ru’ba patch (for mending a rent)

مرأب mir’ab pl. مرائب marā’ib2 repair shop, garage

رابور (Fr. rapport) report

راتينج ratinaj resin

راتينة = رتينة (look up alphabetically)

رؤد ru’d soft, tender; ru’d and فتاة رؤد (fatāh) delicate young girl

رئد ri’d pl. ارآد ar’ād person of approximately the same age, contemporary

رادار rādār radar

راديكال radikālī radical

راديو rādiyō radio

راديولوجي radiyōlōjī radiology

راديوم radiyūm radium | ذو راديوم فاعل radioactive

رأرأ ra’ra’a: رأرأ بعينه (bi-‘ainaihī) to roll one’s eyes

رأس ra’asa a (رئاسة ri’āsa) to be at the head, be the chairman, be in charge (هـ of s.th.); to preside (هـ over s.th.); to had, lead, direct, manage, run (هـ s.th.); -- رؤس ra’usa u to be the chief, the leader II to appoint as chief or head, make the director or leader, entrust with the direction, management or chairmanship (ه s.o.) V = ra’asa VIII to become or be the chief, head, leader, or director

رأس ra’s m. and f., pl. رؤوس ru’ūs, ارؤس ar’us head (also as a enumerative of cattle); chief, chieftain, head, leader; upper part, upper end; tip; top, summit, peak; vertex, apex; extremity, end; promontory, headland, cape (geogr.); main part; beginning: رأسا ra’san directly, straightway; immediately |برأسه sui generis, in a class by itself, independent, self-contained, e.g., علم برأسه (‘ilm) a science in itself; رأس برأس (both) alike, one like the other, equally, without distinction: على رأس (with foll. genit.) at the head of; at the end of; at the beginning of, before, prior to; على الرأس والعين (wa-l-‘ain) very gladly; juts as you wish! at your service! على رؤوس الأشهاد ‘alā r. il-ašhād in public, for all the world to see; رأسا على عقب ra’san ‘alā ‘aqbin upside down, topsy-turvy, e.g., قلبه رأسا على عقب (qalabahū) to turn s.th. completely upside down, upset s.th. from the bottom up; الرأس الى القدم (qadam) or من الرأس الى أخمص القدم (akmaṣi l-qadam) from head to toe; رفع به رأسا to pay attention to s.th.; رأس الآفات the principal evil, the root of all evil; رأس تنورة Ras Tanura (cape. E Saudi Arabia, oil center); رأس ثوم r. tūm clove of garlic: رأس الجسر r. al-jisr bridgehead; رأس حامية (ḥāmiya) hothead, hotspur, firebrand; رأس السنة r. as-sana New Year; رأس العمود r. al-‘amūd capital (of a column or pilaster); رأس الكتاب letter-head; رأس المال pl. رؤوس المال capital (fin.): مسقط الرأس masqaṭ, masqiṭ ar-r. birthplace, home town; سمط الرأس samṭ ar-r. zenith (astron.); البلد الرأس (balad) the capital city; رؤوس الأصابع tiptoes

رأسي ra’sī head (adj.), cephalic; main, chief, principal; perpendicular, vertical

رأسمالي ra’s-mālī capitalistic; (pl. -ūn) capitalist

رأسمالية ra’s-mālīya capitalism

رئيس ra’īs pl. رؤساء ru’asā’ one at the head, or in charge, of; head; chieftain; leader; chief, boss; rais; director; head-master, principal, chairman; governor; president; manager, superintendent; conductor (mus.); superior (as distinguished from مرؤوس subordinate); (mil.) captain (Ir. 1922. Leb.; formerly also Syr. And Eg.); رئيس اول (awwal) military rank between captain and major (= Fr. capitaine1ière classe; Ir. 1922, Syr. 1952) | رئيس الأساقفة archbishop; رئيس البلدية r. al-baladīya chief of a municipality, mayor; رئيس التحرير editor-in-chief; رئيس اركان الحرب r. arkān al-ḥarb chief of general staff; رئيس التشريفات r. at-tašrīfāt chief of protocol, master of ceremonies (of the king; formerly Ir.); رأس الشماسمة archdeacon; رئيس عرفاء r. ‘urafā’ (mil.) master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); رئيس الأقسام r. al-aqsām technical director general (of the State Railways; Eg.); رئيس النواب r. an-nuwwāb president of parliament, speaker of the (lower) house; رئيس هيئة اركان الحرب r. hai’at arkān al-ḥarb chief of general staff; رئيس الوزراء r. al-wuzarā’ and رئيس الوزارة prime minister, premier

رئيسة ra’īsa manageress; directress; mother superior

رئيسي ra’īsī main, chief, principal, leading |دور رئيسي (daur) leading role, leading part; سبب رئيسي (sabab) principal cause, main reason; شارع رئيسي main street; الفضائل الرئيسية cardinal virtues (Chr.); مقالة رئيسية (maqāla) editorial, leading article, leader

ريس rayyis (= رئيس ) mate (naval rank; Eg.) |رئيس ممتاز (mumtāz) a naval rank (approx. = petty officer3rd class; Eg. 1939)

رئاسة ri’āsa, رياسة riyāsa (also رآسة ) leadership, leading position; management, direction; chairmanship; presidency, presidentship; supervision, superintendency | رئاسة الوزارة prime ministry, premiership; دار الرياسة presidential palace, seat of the chief executive of a country

ترؤس tara‘‘us direction, management; chairmanship

روائس rawā’is2 cliffs lining river bode (wadis)

مرؤوس mar’ūs subordinate; (pl. -ūn) a subordinate, a subaltern

رأف ra’afa a and رؤف ra’ufa u (رأفة ra’fa, رآفة ra’āfa) to show mercy (ب on s.o.), have pity (ب with s.o.), be kind, gracious, merciful (ب to s.o.) V do.

رأفة ra’fa and رآفة ra’āfa morcy, compassion, pity: kindliness graciousness

رؤوف ra’ūf merciful, compassionate; kind, benevolent; gracious

ارأف ar’af kindlier, more gracious (ب toward)

رافيا rāfiyā raffia, raftia palm

1 رأم ra’ama a (ra’m) to repair, mend (هـ s.th.)

2 رئم ra’ima a (رئمان ri’mān) to love tenderly (هـ s.th.), be very fond (هـ of); to treat tenderly, fondle, cares (هـ s.th.)

رئم ri’m pl. ارآم ar’ām white antelope, addax

رءوم ra’ūm loving, tender (mother to her children)

رام الله rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan, N of Jerusalem)

رامية rāmiya ramie, a strong, lustrous bast fiber; China jute (bot.)

راوند rāwand rhubarb

1 رأى ra’ā يرى yarā (ra’y, رؤية ru’ya) to see; to behold, descry, perceive, notice, observe, discern (هـ s.th.); to look (هـ هـ at s.th. as), regard (هـ هـ s.th. as), consider, deem, think (هـ هـ s.th. to be ...); to judge; to be of the opinion (ان that), believe, think (ان that); to express one’s opinion; to feel (ان that); to deem appropriate, think proper (هـ s.th.), decide (هـ on s.th., ان to do s.th.); to consider, contemplate |أرأيت a-ra’aita tell me! what do you think? رأى رأي العين (ra’ya l-ain) to see with one’s own eyes; رأى رؤيا (ru’yā) to have a dream; رأى منه العجب (‘ajaba) to be amazed at s.th.; رأى للشيء فائدة expect some benefit from s.th.; رأى من واجبه (min wājibihī) to regard as one’s duty, deem incumbent upon o.s.; رأى له ان to think that it would be in s.o.’s interest to ...; رأى رأيه (ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s. opinion; pass.: رؤي ان (ru’iya) it was decided that ...; رؤي الشيء it was felt proper to do III it was thought to be the right thing to do ill to act ostentatiously, make a show before people, attitudinize; to do eyeservice; to behave hypocritically, act the hypocrite, (dis)simulate, dissemble (ه toward s.o.) IV ارى arā to show, demonstrate (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) يا ترى yā turā (in interrogative sentences) what’s your opinion? would you say ...? |I wonder ..., متى يا ترى I wonder when ..., ترى هل wonder if ..., would you say that ...? اتراها جاءت (a-tarāhā) I wonder if she has come, would you say she has come? اتراني اعود would you say I should go back? V to deem, think, believe VI to present o.s. to or come into s.o.’s (ل ) view, show o.s. (ل to s.o.); to appear, seem (ل to s.o.); to appear right, seem appropriate (ل to s.o.), be thought proper (ل by s.o.); to see one another; to look at o.s. (in a mirror); to act the hypocrite; to fake, feign, simulate (ب s.th.) VIII to consider, contemplate (هـ s.th.); to be of the opinion (ان that), decide (ان that) |ارتأى رأيا (ra’yan) to have an opinion; ارتأى رأيه (ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion

رأي ra’y pl. آراء ārā’ opinion, view; idea, notion, concept, conception; advice, suggestion, proposal; (Isl. Law) subjective opinion, decision hued on one’s individual judgment (not on Koran and Sunna) | في رأيي and عند رأيي in my opinion; انا من هذا الرأي I am of this opinion; من رأيه ان he is of the opinion that ...; أخذ الرأي على (ukida) it was put to the vote, (the matter) was voted upon; لم يكن عند رأيهم he was not what they had expected; لم يكن له فيه رأي he had no say in the matter; الرأي العام (‘āmm) public opinion; ذو الرأي pl. ذوو الآراء sensible, judicious; man of good sense and judgment; well-informed, knowledgeable person, one in the know; تبادل الآراء tabādul al-ārā’, exchange of views; صلب الرأي ṣulba ar-r. obstinate, stubborn, opinionated; قسم الرأي qism ar-r. committee of experts, council on legal and economio matters (attached to the ministries; Eg.)

راية rāya pl. -āt banner, flag

رؤية ru’ya seeing, looking, viewing; inspection, examination

رؤيا ru’ya pl. رؤى ru’an vision; dream | سفر الرؤيا sifr ar-r. the هـ pocalypse (Chr.)

مرأى mar’an sight, view; vision; apparition | على مرأى من before s.o.’s eyes; على مرأى ومسمع من (wa-masma‘in) before the eyes and ears of; with full knowledge of

مرآة mir’āh pl. مراء marā’in, مرايا marāyā looking glass, mirror; reflection, reflected image

مراية mirāya pl. -āt looking glass mirror

رئاء ri’ā and رياء riyā’ eyeservice; hypocrisy, dissimulation; dissemblance; simulation (ب of s.th.)

مراآة , مراءاة murā’āh eyeservice; hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance; simulation (ب of s.th.)

راء rā’in viewer, onlooker, spectator, observer

O رائية rā’iya pl. -āt view finder (of a camera)

مرئي mar’īy seen; visible; المرئيات the visible things, the visible world

مراء murā’in pl. مراؤون murā’ūun hypocrite

2 رئة and رئوي see رء

3 راي rāy an Egyptian variety of salmon

4 راية see 2 رأى

رب rabba u (rabb, ربابة ribāba) to be master, be lord, have possession (هـ, ه of), control (هـ, هـ s.o., s.th.), have command or authority (هـ, ه over); -- u (rabb) and II to raise, bring up (ه a child) II to deify, idolize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

رب rabb pl. ارباب arbāb lord; master; owner, proprietor (Isl. Law); (with foil. genit.) one possessed of, endowed with, having to do with, etc.; الرب the Lord (= God) |رب بحري (baḥrī) a naval rank (approx. = seaman; Eg.); رب العائلة father of the family, paterfamilias; ارباب السلطان a. as-sulṭān the rulers; ارباب المال the capitalists; صعود الرب the هـ scension (Chr.); ارباب المعاشات a. al-ma’āšāt pensioners; ارباب السوابق those previously convicted; ارباب الفنون artists

ربة rabba pl. -āt mistress; lady |ربة المنزل r. al-manzil the lady of the house; ربة البيت r. al-bait landlady; ربة شعره r. ši‘rihī his muse; ربات الحجال r. al-ḥijāl the ladies

رب rubb pl. رباب ribāb, ربوب rubūb rob, thickened juice (of fruit): mash, pulp

رب rubba (with fol. indet. genit.) many a, e.g., رب رجل (rajulin) many a man, رب مرة (marratin) many a time

ربما rubbamā sometimes; perhaps, maybe, possibly

ربة rabba, ribba a kind of skin eruption affecting the head and face

رباب rabāib, ربابة rabāba rebab or rebec, a stringed instrument of the هـ rabs resembling the fiddle, with one to three strings (in Eg. usually two-stringed)

ربيب rabīb pl. -āt ارباء aribbā’ foster son, stepson; foster father; confederate, ally

ربيبة rabība pl. ربائب rabā’ib2 foster daughter, stepdaughter; foster mother; (woman) ally

ربوبية rubūbīya divinity, deity, godship

ربان rubbān pl. -īya, ربابنة rabābina captain, skipper; a naval rank, approx. = captain, ربان ثان (tānin) approx. = commander (Eg. 1939)

رباني rabbānī divine; pertaining to God | الربانيات divine things; الصلاة الربانية (ṣalāh) the Lord’s Prayer (Chr.)

مربة (eg.) mirabba (= مربى murabban) jam, preserved fruit

راب rābb stepfather

رابة rābba stepmother

ربأ raba’a a to hold in esteem, esteem highly (ب s.o.); If '! 4J to consider s.o. above s.th., above doing s.th., have too high an oplnion of s.o. as to suspect him of (doing) s.th. or as to expect him to do s.th.; ربأ بنفسه عن (bi.-nafsii) to deem o.s. above s.th., be too proud for, stand aloof from

ربيئة rabī’a pl. ربايا rabāya guard

ربت rabata i (rabt) to pat, caress, stroke (ه s.o.) II do. |ربت على خده (kaddihi) to pat s.o.’s cheek; ربت على كتفه (katifihi) to pat s.o. on the shoulder; ربت نفسه to be self-satisfied, self-complacent, smug

ربح rabiḥa a (ribḥ, rabaḥ) to gain (هـ من from s.th. s.th.), profit (من from); to win (sports, games) |ما ربحت تجارتهم (tijāratuhum) their business was unprofitable II and IV to make (ه s.o.) gain, allow s.o. (ه ) a profit

ربح ribḥ pl. ارباح arbāḥ gain, profit; benefit; interest (on money); pl. proceeds, returns, revenues; O dividends |ربح بسيط simple interest, ربح مركب (murakkab) compound interest

رباح rabbāḥ pl. ربابيح rabābīḥ2 monkey

اربح arbaḥ2 more profitable, more lucrative

مرابحة murābaḥ (Isl. Law) resale with specification of gain, resale with an advance

رابح rābiḥ profiteer, gainer, winner; beneficiary; lucrative, gainful, profitable (business)

مربح murbiḥ lucrative, gainful, profitable

ربد V to become clouded, become overcast (sky); to turn ashen, take on a glowering expression (face, with anger) IX to become ashen, assume a glowering expression (face)

مربد murbadd clouded; gloomy, morose (face)

ربص rabaṣa u (rabṣ) to wait, look, watch, be on the lookout (ب for) V to lurk, lie in wait (ل for s.o.), waylay, ambush (ل s.o.); to lay an ambush, move into an ambush; to take up positions (mil.); to expect (هـ, ب s.th.), wait (هـ, ب for s.th.) |تربص الفرصة (furṣata) to wait (or look) for an opportunity; تربص الأمر (amra) to wait for s.th. to befall s.o. or to happen to s.o., e.g., ; تربص به الدوائر to wait; for s.o. to meet with disaster

تربص tarabbuṣ probationary term (adm.)

متربص mutarabbiṣ candidate, aspirant

ربض rabaḍa (rabḍ, rubūd) to lie down; to lie, rest (animals; with the chest to the ground); to lurk (ل for s.o.)

ربض rabaḍ pl. ارباض arbāḍ outskirts, suburb; place where animals lie down to rest

مربض marbaḍ pl. مرابض marābiḍ2 place where animals lie down to rest; sheep pen, fold

ربط rabaṭa u i (rabṭ) to bind, tie up, make fast, moor (هـ s.th.); to tie, fasten, attach, hitch (الى هـ s.th. to); to connect (الى هـ s.th. with); to fix, appoint, determine (هـ s.th.); to value, rate, assess (هـ s.th.); to add, append, affix (الى هـ s.th. to); to insert (الى هـ s.th. in); to combine, unite (هـ s.th., بين – وبين s.th. with); to ligate (هـ s.th.), apply a tourniquet (هـ to); to bandage, dress (هـ a wound); to bridle, check (هـ, على s.th.); to brake (هـ a train); to suspend (ه a cleric; Chr.) |ربط لسانه (lisānahū) to silence s.o.; ربط على قلبه (qalbihī) to fortify s.o., give s.o. patience (said of God); ربط جأشه (ja’šahū) to keep one’s self-control, remain calm, be undismayed; ربط الطريقة to practice highway robbery III to be lined up, posted, stationed (troops); to line up, take up positions; to be moored (ship); to move into fighting positions |رابط في قضيته (qaḍīyatihī) to defend the cause of, fight for VIII to bind o.s., commit o.s. engage o.s.; to be bound (ب by, also, e.g., by an obligation), be tied (ب to); to be linked, be connected (ب with); to depend (ب on); to unite, join forces

ربط rabṯ binding, tying; fastening, joining, attaching, connecting; fixation, determination (of an amount, of a number); valuation, assessment | ربط مالي financial allocation; اهل الحل والربط ahl al-ḥall wa-r. infIuentiBJ people, those in power; مكان الربط makān ar-r. (welded) seam, weld (techn.)

ربط rabaṭ (tun.) section, quarter (of a city), suburb

ربط rabṭa pl. -āt, رباط ribāṭ ribbon, band, bandage; bundle; parcel, package |ربطة الرقبة r. ar-raqaba necktie; ربط الساق r. as-sāq garter; ربطة النقود money purse

رباط ribāṭ pl. -āt, ربط rubuṭ, اربطة ar-biṭa ribbon, band; ligature, ligament; bandage; dressing (of a wound); bond, fetter, shackle; -- suspension (of a cleric; Chr.); (pl. -āt, ربط rubuṭ) inn for travelers, caravansary; hospice (for Sufis or the poor) |رباط الاجربة r. al-ajriba garter; رباط الجزمة r. al-jazma shoestring; رباط الرقبة r. ar-raqaba necktie

رباط ribāṭ, رباط الفتح ribāṭ al-fatḥ Rabat (capital of Morocco)

رباط الجأش ribāṭ al-ja’š composure, self-control, calmness, intrepidity

مربط marbiṭ, marbaṭ pl. مرابط marābiṭ2 place where aniimals are tied up

مربط mirbaṭ pl. مرابط marābiṭ2 hawser, mooring cable; rope; O terminal (el.)

ارتباط irtibāṭ connectedness, connection, link; contact, liaison; tie (ب to); obligation, engagement, commitment; bearing (ب on), connection ((ب with), relation (ب to); unity; league, confederation | بدون ارتباط bidūn irt, not binding, without obligation (com.); ضابط ارتباط liaison officer

رابط الجأش rābiṭ al-ja’š composed, calm, unruffled, undismayed, fearless

رابطة rābiṭa pl. روابط rawābiṭ2 band; bond, tie; connection, link; confederation, union, league | روابط الصداقة r. aṣ-ṣadāqa bonds of friendship; الرابطة الاسلامية (Islāmīya) the Moslem League

مربوط marbūṭ bound; connected; fastened, tied, moored (الى to); fixed, appointed; fixed salary; estimate (of the budget)

مرابط murābiṭ posted, stationed; garrisoned (troops); Marabout | الجيش المربوط (jaiš) the Territorial Army (Eg.)

مرتبط murtabiṭ connected, linked (ب with); bound, committed (ب by); depending, conditional (ب on)

ربع raba‘a a to gallop (horse); -- to sit; to squat; to stay, live II to quadruple, multiply by four, increase fourfold (هـ s.th.); to square (هـ a number) V to sit or sit down cross-legged; to sit | تربع على العرش (‘arš) to mount the throne, sit on the throne

ربع rab‘ pl. ربوع rubū‘, رباع ribā‘, ارباع arbā‘, اربع arba‘ home, residence, quarters; pl. ربوع region, area territory, lands; ربع (group of) people | الربع الخالي Rub‘ al Khali (desert region in S Arabia)

ربع rib‘: حمى الربع ḥummā r-rib‘ quartan (fever)

ربع rub‘ pl. ارباع arbā‘ quarter, fourth part; roubouh, a dry measure (Eg. = قدح = 8.25 l); (syr.) 25-piaster piece |ربع سنوي r. sanawī quarterly, trimestral

ربعي rub‘ī quarterly, trimestral

ربعة rab‘a: ربعة القوام r. al-qiwām and ربعة القامة r. al-qāma (m. and f.) or medium height, medium sized

ربعة rub‘a robhah, a dry measure (Eg.; = قدح = 0.516 l)

رباع rabbā‘ athlete (boxer, wrestler, weight lifter, etc.)

ربيع rabī‘ spring, springtime, vernal season; name of the third and fourth months of the Muslim year (ربيع الأول r. al-awwali Rabia I, and ربيع الثاني r. at-tānī Rabia Il); quarter, fourth part

اربعة arba‘a (f. اربع arba‘) four |ذوات الأربع dawāt al-arba‘ the quadrupeds

اربعة عشر arba‘ata ‘ašara (f. اربع عشرة arba‘a ‘ašarata) fourteen

اربعون arba‘ūn forty; الأربعون a ceremony held on the 40th day after s.o.’s death |عيد الأربعين ‘īd al-a. Ascension Day (Chr.)

رباعي rubā‘ī consisting or four, quadripartite, fourfold, quadruple; quadrangular; tetragonal; (gram.) consisting of four radical letters, quadriliteral; quartet; (pl. -āt) quatrain (poet.) |مؤتمر رباعي (mu’tamar) four-power conference; رباعي الأضلاع quadrilateral; رباعي الأرجل r. l-arjul quadruped(al), four-footed; محرك رباعي المشوار muḥarrik r. l-mišwār four-cycle engine

الأربعاء al-arba‘ā’, al-arbi‘ā’, يوم الأربعاء yaum al-a. Wednesday

يربوع yarbū‘ pl. يرابيع yarābī‘ jerboa (Jaculus jaculus; zool.)

مربع marba‘ pl. مرابع marābi‘ meadow

تربيع tarbī‘ lunar quarter; -- (pl. ترابيع tarābī‘2) quadrangle; square, plaza (surrounded by houses) |تربيع الدائرة quadrature or the circle

تربيعة tarbī‘a pl. ترابيع tarābī‘2 square, quadrangle; square, plaza; square panel; tile, floor tile

تربيعي tarbī‘ī quadratic, square

الرابع ar-rābi‘ the fourth; رابعا fourthly, in the fourth place

رابع rābi‘ (due to erroneous pointing) = رائع q.v.

مربوع marbū‘ of medium height, medium-sized

مربع murabba‘ fourfold, quadruple; quadragular; tetragonal; square, quadratic; quadrangle; square; (pl. -āt) quadrangular piece; quartet |متر مربع (mitr) square meter; مربع الأضلاع quadrilateral (math.)

مربعة murabba‘a pl. -āt section, district, area

مرابع murābi‘ partner in an agricultural enterprise (sharing one quarter of the gains or losses)

جلس متربعا jalasa mutarabbi‘an to sit crosslegs

رابغ rābig pleasant, comfortable

ربق ribq lasso, lariat

ربقة ribqa, rabqa pl. ربق ribaq, رباق ribāq, ارباق arbāq noose

ربك rabaka u (rabk) to muddle, entangle, complicate (هـ s.th.); to confuse, throw into confusion (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); -- rabika a (rabak) to be in an involved, confused situation VIII to be confused; to become involved (في in)

ربك rabak involved, confused situation

ربك rabik: confused; in trouble, beset by difficulties

ارتباك irtibāk pl. -āt entanglement, involvement; snarl, tangle, muddle, mess; confusion; embarrassment; upset (of the stomach)

مربك murabbik confusing, bewildering, disconcerting

مرتبك murtabik; confused, complicated, involved; bewildered, disconcerted, embarrassed; involved (في in)

ربل rabil plump, fleshy, fat (person)

ربلي rablī, rabalī fleshy

ربلة rabla pl. rabalāt (mass of) flesh (of the body)

ربيل rabīl fleshy, corpulent, fat

ربالة rabāla corpulence

ربما see رب

ربا (ربو ) rabā u (رباء rabā’, ربو rubūw) to increase; to grow; to grow up; to exceed, (على a number, also عن ), be more than (على) |ما يربو على المئة more than a hundred II to make or let grow; to raise, rear, bring up (ه s.o.); to educate; to teach, instruct (ه a child); to breed, raise (هـ e.g., poultry, cattle); to develop (هـ e.g., a method) III to practice usury IV to make grow, augment, increase (هـ s.th.); to exceed (على a number, an age, a measure) V to be brought up, be educated; to be bred, be raised

ربو rabw dyspnea, asthma

ربوة rubwa (rabwa, ribwa) pl. ربى ruban hill

ربوة ribwa pl. -āt ten thousand, myriad

ربا riban interest; usurious interest; usury

ربوى ribawī usurious

رباء rabā’ surplus, excess; superiority (على over s.o.); favor

تربية tarbiya education, upbringing; teaching, instruction; pedagogy; breeding, raising (of animals) |سيئ التربية sayyi’ at-t. ill-bred; قليل التربية ill-bred, uncivil, ill-mannered; علم التربية ‘ilm at-t. pedagogy, pedagogics; تربية الأطفال baby care; التربية البدنية (badanīya) physical education, physical training; تربية الحيوان t. al-ḥayawān cattle farming, stockbreeding; تربية الدجاج t. ad-dajāj chicken farming, poultry husbandry; تربية السمك t. as-samak pisciculture; تربية النباتات t. an-nabātāt plant cultivation

تربوي tarbawī, تربيوي tarbiyawī pedagogic, pedagogical

رابية rābiya pl. رواب rawābin hill

مرب murabbin pl. مربون murabbūn educator; pedagogue; breeder (of livestock)

مربية murabbiya pl. -āt tutoress, governess; dry nurse, nursemaid

مربى murabban raised, brought up; educated; well-bred, well-mannered; jam, preserved fruit; pl. مربيات murabbayāt preserves

مراب murābin usurer

مترب mutarabbin well-bred, well-mannered

ربورتاج (Fr. reportage) pl. -āt reportage, report

ارت aratt2, f. رتاء rattā’2, pl. رت rutt afflicted with a speech defect

رتب II to array, arrange, dispose (هـ s.th. in a regular sequence or order); to decorate, dress (iii a show window); to settle, determine, regulate (هـ s.th.); to put into proper order, put together (هـ words); to prepare, set aside, earmark (هـ s.th.); to fix, appoint (ل هـ a salary for s.o.); to make (هـ s.th.) result or accrue (على from), derive (على هـ s.th. from), make (هـ s.th.) the result or consequence of (على ) V to fall in line; to be arranged, organized or set up (along the lines of); to be set aside, be assigned; to be subordinate (على to s.th.), be the result or consequence (على of), result, follow, derive, spring (على from), be caused (على by) |ترتب بذمته (bi-dimmatihī) to become the debtor of s.o.

رتبة rutba pl. رتب rutab degree, grade, level; rank, standing, station; class, quality; (mil.) rank; clerical rank, order (of the Christian ministry); religious ceremony (Chr.) |كتاب الرتب ritual (of the Roman Catholic Church)

رتابة ratāba monotony

رتيب ratīb monotonous

رتباء rutabā’2 noncommissioned officers (Syr.; mil.)

مرتبة martaba pl. مراتب marātib2 step; a steplike elevation serving as a seat; mattress; grade, degree, rank, class |في المرتبة الأولى (ūlā) first (mortgage)

ترتيب tartīb pl. -āt order, arrangement, array; sequence, succession; make-up, setup; layout (of a complex, e.g., of houses); organization; preparation, arrangement, provision, measure, step; rite of administering a sacrament (Chr.) |بالرترتيب one by one, in proper succession; من غيرترتيب disorderly, in confusion

ترتيبي tartībī ordinal |عدد ترتيبي (‘adad) ordinal number .

راتب rātib monotonous; (pl. رواتب rawātib2 salary, pay, emolument; pl. رواتب certain supererogatory exercises of devotion

مرتب murattab arranged; organized, set up, regulated, etc.; (pl. -āt) salary, pay, emolument

رتج rataja u (ratj) to look, bar, bolt (هـ the door); -- ratija a (rataj) to be tonguetied, be speechless, falter IV pass. ارتج عليه (urtija) words failed him, he was speechless, he didn't know what to say, he was at a loss

رتاج ritāj pl. رتج rutuj, رتائج ratā’ij2 gate, gateway I eli)1 p muḥkam ar-r. firmly bolted (gate)

رتع rata‘a a (rat‘,رتوع rutū‘, رتاع ritā‘) to pasture, graze; to gormandize, carouse, feast; to revel, indulge freely (في in) IV to pasture, put out to graze (هـ cattle)

مرتع marta‘ pl. مراتع marāti‘2 rich grazing land, pasture; fertile ground (ل for; fig.); breeding ground, hotbed (of vice, of evil, etc.)

رتق rataqa u i (ratq) to mend, repair, patch up, sew up (هـ s.th.)

رتق ratq pl. رتوق rutūq patching, mending, repair; dam (of a stocking)

رتك rataka u i, (ratk, ratak, رتكان ratakān) to run with abort steps, trot

مرتك martak litharge (chem.)

رتل ratila a (ratal) to be regular, well-ordered, neat, tidy II to phrase elegantly (الكلام al-kalāma one’s words); to psalmodize, recite in a singsong; to sing, chant (هـ spiritual songs, hymns; Chr.)

رتل ratl pl. ارتال artāl railroad train |رتل آلي (ālī) motorized convoy (mil.)

رتيلاء rutailā’2 harvestman (Phalangium), daddy longlegs; tarantula

ترتيل tartīl slow recitation of the Koran (a technical term of tajwīd); psalmodizing, psalmody, singsong recitation; singing, chanting (of hymns, etc.; Chr.); -- (pl. تراتيل tarātīl2) hymn; religious song (Chr.)

ترتيلة tartīla pl. تراتيل tarātīl2 hymn

مرتل murattal church singer; choirboy, chorister (Chr.); singer, chanter

رتم ratama i (ratm) to utter, say (بكلمة bi-kalima a word; only with neg.)

رتم ratam (coll.; n. un. ة ) retem (Retama raetam Webb., Genista raetam Forsk.; bot.)

رتمة ratma and رتيمة ratīma pl. رتائم ratā’im2, رتام ritām thread wound around one’s finger as a reminder

رتا (رتو ) ratā u and II رتى rattā to mend, darn (هـ e.g., stockings)

رتوش (Fr. retouche) ritūš retouch

رتينج ratīnaj (= راتينج ) resin

رتينة (It. retina) ratīna pl. رتائن ratā’in2 incandescent mantle

رث ratta i (رثاثة ratāta, رثوثة rutūta) to be ragged, tattered, shabby. worn (garment)

رث ratt pl. رثاث ritāt old, shabby, worn, threadbare |رث الهيئة r. al-hai’a of shabby appearance

رثة ritta old, outmoded things, worn clothes

رثيث ratīt old, .habby, worn, threadbare

رثاثة ratāta shabbiness, raggedness

رثوثة rutūta shabbiness, raggedness

رثو ) and رثي) رثا ratā u (ratw) to bewail, lament, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral oration (ه a deceased person); -- رثى ratā i (raty, رثاء ritā’, مرثية martiya, مرثاة martāh) to bewail, lament, bemoan (ه a deceased person); to elegize, celebrate in an elegy, in a funeral oration (ه a deceased person); to mourn (ل for, over), deplore (ل s.o. or s.th.); to pity (ل s.o.), feel sorry (ل for) |رثاه بمرثاة to elegize s.o. (a deceased person), bewail and celebrate him in an elegy; شيء يرثى له (yurtā) a deplorable, regrettable thing

رثى raty bewailing, bemoaning, lamentation

رثاء ritā’ bewailing, bemoaning, lamentation; regret; elegiac poetry

رثية ratya pl. ratayāt arthritis, gout

مرثية martiya and مرثاء martā’ pl. مراث marātin elegy, dirge, epicedium; pl. مراث funeral orations

رج raja u (rajj) to convulse, shake, rock (هـ s.th.); pass. rujja to be shaken, tremble, shake, quake VIII to be convulsed, shake, tremble, quake

رج rajj shaking, rocking, convulsion

رجة rajja convulsion; shook, concussion

رجاج rajjāj trembling, quaking, shaking, rocking

ارتجاج irtijāj shock, concussion; trembling, tremor | O ارتجاج المخ irt. al-mukk cerebral concussion (med.)

رجأ IV to postpone, adjourn, defer, put off (هـ s.th.)

ارجاء irjā’ postponement, deferment, adjournment

رجب rajaba u and rajiba a (rajab) to be afraid (من or عن of), be awed (من or عن by)

رجب rajab Rajab, the seventh month of the Muslim year

رجح rajaḥa a i u (رجوح rujūḥ, رجحان rujḥān) to incline (scale of a balance); to weigh more, be of greater weight; to preponderate, predominate; to surpass, excel (ه s.o.); to be very likely (ان that), رجح عنده ان it appeared to him most likely that ...; -- to weigh (هـ بيده s.th. in the hand) II to make (هـ s.th.) outweigh (على s.th. else), give preponderance (هـ to s.th., على over); to think (هـ s.th.) weightier; to prefer (على هـ s.th. to), give (هـ s.th.) preference (على to), favor (على هـ s.th. more than); to think likely or probable (هـ s.th., ان that) V to carry greater weight, be weightier, preponderate; to swing back and forth, pendulate; to rock; to seesaw, tester VIII to swing back and forth, pendulate; to rook; to seesaw, tester

رجاحة rajāḥa forbearance, indulgence, leniency; composure, equanimity

رجحان rujḥān preponderance, predominance (على over), ascendancy, superiority

ارجح arjaḥ2 superior in weight, preponderant; having more in its favor, more acceptable; preferable; more likely, more probable | الأرجح ان it is most likely that ...; probably ...; على الأرجح probably, in all probability

ارجحية arjaḥīya preponderance, predominance, prevalence

ارجوحة urjūḥa pl. اراجيح arājīḥ2 seesaw; swing; cradle

راجح rājiḥ) superior in weight, preponderant; having more in its favor, more acceptable; preferable; probable, likely

مرجوحة marjūḥa pl. مراجيح marājīḥ2 seesaw; swing

مرجح murajjaḥ preponderant, predominant; probable, likely

رجرج rajraja and II tarajraja to tremble, quiver; to sway

رجراج rajrāj agitated; trembling, tremulous; swaying; quivering; الرجراج the sea

1 رجز VIII to compose or declaim poems in the meter rajaz; to thunder, roar, surge (sea)

رجز rujz, rijz punishment (inflicted by God); dirt, filth

رجز rajaz name of a poetical meter

ارجاز arjāz verses in the meter rajaz; little (work) song

ارجوزة urjūza pl. اراجيز arājīz2 poem in the meter rajaz

2 ارجوز look up alphabetically

رجس rajisa a (rajs) and rajusa u (رجاسة rajāsa) to be dirty, filthy; to commit a shameful act, do s.th. disgraceful or dirty

رجس rijs pl. ارجاس arjās dirt, filth; dirty thing or act, atrocity

رجس rajas pl. ارجاس arjās dirt, filth

رجس rajis dirty, filthy

رجاسة rajāsa dirt, squalor

رجاس rajjās roaring, surging (sea); thundering

رجع raja‘a i (رجوع rujū‘) to come back, come again, return; to recur; to resort, turn (الى to); to recommence, begin again, resume (الى s.th.); to fall back (الى on), go back, revert (الى to); to look up (الى s.th. in a book), consult (الى a book); to go back, be traceable (الى to), be attributable (الى ان to the fact that ...), derive, stem, spring (الى from); رجع به الى to reduce s.th. to (its elements, or the like); to depend (الى on); to be due, belong by right (الى to); to fall under s.o.’s (ل ) jurisdiction, be s.o.’s (ل ) bailiwick; to desist, refrain (عن from); to withdraw (عن , also في e.g., what one has said), revoke, countermand, repeal, cancel (عن or على e.g., a decision); to turn against s.o. (على); رجع به على فلان to claim restitution of s.th. from s.o.; to demand, claim (ب s.th., على from s.o.); to entail, involve (ب s.th., a consequence); to have a good effect (في on), be successful (في with) |رجع على عقبه (‘aqbihī) pl. رجعوا على اعقابهم (a‘qābihim) to retrace one's steps, go back the way one came; رجع الى الصحة (ṣiḥḥa) to regain one’s health; رجع الى صوابه (ṣawābihī) to come to one's senses; رجع الى نفسه to watch o.s., examine o.s.; يرجع ذلك الى ان this is due to the fact that ...; يرجع السبب الى (sabab) the reason is to be found in ...; رجعت به الذاكرة الى he recalled, remembered ...; رجع في كلامه (kalāmihī) to go back on one’s word II to cause to come back or return; to return, give back; to send back; to turn away (عن ه s.o. from); to sing or chant in a vibrant, quavering tone; to echo, reverberate (هـ s.th.) |رجع صداه (ṣadāhū) to return the echo of s.th., echo s.th. III to return, come back (هـ, ه to); to revert

رجعع rujū‘ return; reverting, coming back (الى to); recourse (الى to); traceability (الى to); revocation, withdrawal, retraction (عن of s.th.); resignation, surrender (عن of s.th.); reclamation; recall; restitution, return |برجوع البريد by return mail

رجيع rajī‘ excrement

مرجع marji‘ pl. مراجع marāji‘ return; authority to which one turns or appeals; place of refuge, retreat; recourse resort; authority, responsible agency; source (esp. scientific), authoritative reference work; resource; source to which s.th. goes back or to which s.th. can be attributed; starting point, origin; recourse (jur.) | مرجع النظر m. An-naẓar jurisdiction, competence; المرجع اليه he is the one to turn to; المرجع في ذلك الى I am thereby referring to …; كان مرجع هذا الشيء الى this was due to …, was attributable to …; اليهم مرجع الفضل (m. ul-faḍl) the merit is due to them

مرجعية marji‘īya authority

مراجعة murāja‘a reiteration, repetition; inspection, study, examination; consultation (of a reference work); request; application, petition (esp. to an authority); application for advice or instruction, etc., consultation (of s.o.); checking, verification, re-examination; auditing, audit (also مراجعة الحساب ); revision, correction (of a manuscript)

ارجاع irjā‘ return, restitution; refundment; attribution (الى to); reduction (الى to)

تراجع tarāju‘ withdrawal, retreat; recession, retrogadation

ارتجاع irtijā‘ return to an older form or order, reactionism, reaction

ارتجاعي irtijā‘ī reactionary

استرجاع istirjā‘ reclamation; recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal, revocation

راجع rāji‘ returning, reverting, etc.; due, attributable (الى to); rightfully belonging (الى to s.o.); subject (ل to s.th.); depending (ل on) | الحمى الراجعة (ḥummā) relapsing fever

مراجع murāji‘ checker, verifier, examiner; reviser | مراجع m. al-ḥisāb auditor, comptroller

رجف rajafa a (rajf, رجفان rajfān) to be convulsed, be shaken; to tremble, quake; to shiver, shudder; -- to agitate, convulse, shake (ه s.o.) IV to make (ه s.o.) tremble or shudder; to convulse, shake, rock (هـ s.th.); to spread lies, false rumors; also with ب , e.g., ارجف بافتراءات (bi-ftirā’āt) to spread calumnies VIII to tremble, quake; to shudder

رجفة rajfa (n. vic.) trepidation, tremor; shudder, shiver

رجاف rajjāf trembling, quaking; shaken, convulsed

ارجاف irjāf pl. اراجيف arājīf untrue, disquieting talk, false rumor

رجل rajila a to go on foot, walk II to comb (هـ the hair); to let down (هـ the hair), let it hang long V = I; to dismount (من or if from; rider); to assume masculine manners, behave like a man |ترجل في طريقه to walk all the way VIII to improvise, extemporize, deliver offhand (هـ a speech) X to become a man, reach the age of manhood, grow up; to act like a man, display masculine manners or qualities

رجل rijl f., pl. ارجل ari"l foot; leg

رجل rijl pl. ارجال arjāl swarm (esp. of locusts); -- common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.; bot.)

رجل rajil going on foot, pedestrian, walking

رجل rajul pl. رجال rijāl man; pl. رجالات rijālāt great, important men, leading personalities, men of distinction |رجال الدولة r. ad-daula statesmen; رجال السند r. as-sanad informants, sources of information

رجالي rijālī men’s, for men (e.g., apparel)

رجولة rajūla masculinity, virility, manhood

رجولية rajūlīya masculinity, virility, manhood

مرجل mirjal pl. مراجل marājil2 cooking kettle, caldron; boiler

ارتجال irtijāl improvisation, extemporization, extemporary speech

ارتجالي irtijālī extemporary, improvised, impromptu, offhand, unprepared

راجل rājil pl. رجل rajl, رجالة rajjāla, رجال rujjāl, رجلان rujlān going on foot, walking; pedestrian

مرتجل murtajal improvised, extemporaneous, extemporary, impromptu, offhand

1 رجم raiama u (raim) to stone (ه a.o.); to curse, damn, abuse, revile (ه s.o.) |رجم بالغيب (gaib) to talk about s.th. of which one knows nothing; to guess, surmise, make conjectures; to predict the future II رجم بالغيب do.

رجم rajm stoning; (pl. رجم rujam) missile | رجم بالغيب (gaib) conjecture, guesswork; prophecy

رجم rujum shooting stars, meteorites

رجمة rajma pl. رجم rujam, رجام rijām tombstone

رجيم rajīm stoned; cursed, damned; see also alphabetically

2 ترجم , ترجمة look up alphabetically

مرجونة marjūna basket

رجا (رجو ) rajā u (رجاء rajā’, رجاة rajāh, مرجاة marjāh) to hope; to hope for s.th. (هـ ); to .xpeat, anticipate (هـ s.th.), look forward (هـ to); to wish (هـ for s.th., هـ ل s.o. s.th., e.g., success); to ask (هـ for s.th., من or s.o., ان to do s.th.), request (هـ s.th., من from s.o., ان that he ...) | رجاه في الحاح (ilḥāḥ) to plead with s.o., implore s.o.; اجو عدم المؤاخذة (‘adama l-mu’ākadata) | I must ask your indulgence V to hope (ه, هـ for); to expect, anticipate (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.), look forward (هـ to); to request (ه s.o.); to ask (ه s.o.) VIII to hope (ه, هـ for); to expect, anticipate (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.), look forward (هـ to); to dread (ه s.o.)

رجا rajan and رجاء rajā’ pl. ارجاء arjā’ side, direction; region; -- pl. ارجاء arjā’ vastness (of a land), expanses; whole vicinity or area |في ارجائه about its interior, e.g., في ارجاء الغرفة (gurfa) all about the room, في ارجاء البلاد all over the country, throughout the country; تجاوبت ارجاء الردهة باتصفيق (a. ur-radha) the entire auditorium resounded with applause; شاسع الأرجاء and واسع الأرجاء vast in extent, vast-dimensioned

رجاء rajā’ hope (ب, في and genit.; of); expectation, anticipation; urgent request | على رجاء in the hope of, hoping for; رجاء العلم rajā’ al-‘ilm for your information (on memos, records, etc.); رأس الرجاء الصالح Cape of Good Hope

رجاة rajāh hope, expectation, anticipation

رجية rajīya s.th. hoped for; hope

مرجاة marjāh hope

راج rājin hoping, full of hope

مرجو marjūw hoped for, expected; requested |المرجو من فضلك ان (min faḍlika) approx.; I hope you will be kind enough to ...; المرجو مراعاة ان (murā‘ātu) please notice that …, attention is called to the fact that …

رجي rajiya a to become silent; to remain silent; pass. رجي عليه (rujiya) to be tongue-tied, be unable to utter a sound

رجيم (Fr. régime) rijīm diet

رحب raḥiba a (raḥab) and raḥuba u (ruḥb, رحابة raḥāba) to be wide, spacious, roomy II to welcome (ب s.o., also ب s.th., e.g., news), bid welcome (ب to s.o.); to receive graciously, make welcome (ب s.o.) V to welcome (ب s.o.), bid welcome (ب to)

رحب raḥb wide, spacious, roomy; unconfined | رحب الصدر r. aṣ-ṣadr generous, magnanimous; broad-minded, open-minded, liberal; frank, candid, open-hearted; carefree; صدر رحب (raḥb) generosity, magnanimity; open-mindedness, broad-mindedness, liberality; frankness, candor; رحب الباع generous, openhanded, liberal; رحب الذراع do.

رحب ruḥb vastness, wideness, spaciousness unconfinedness | اتى على الرحب والسعة (atā, ṣa‘a) to be welcome; وجد رحبا وسعة (sa‘atan) to met with a friendly reception

رحب raḥab vastness, wideness, spaciousness, unconfinedness |رحب الصدر r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity; lightheartedness

رحبة raḥba, raḥaba pl. -āt public square (surrounded by buildings); (pl. raḥabāt and رحاب riḥāb) vastness, expanse |رحاب الكون and رحاب الفضاء r. al-faḍā’ vastness of outer space

رحيب raḥīb = رحب raḥb

رحابة raḥāba wideness, vastness, spaciousness, unconfinedness |رحابة الصدر r. aṣ-ṣadr magnanimity, generosity

مرحبا بك marḥaban bika welcome!

ترحاب tarḥāb welcome, greeting |قابله بترحيب (qābalahū) to receive s.o. with open arms

ترحيب tarḥīb welcoming, welcome, greeting

رحرح raḥraḥa: رحرح بالكلام (kalām) to equivocate, speak ambiguously, beat around the bush

رحرح raḥraḥ and رحراح raḥrāḥ wide, broad, flat; carefree, pleasant (life)

رحض raḥaḍa a (raḥḍ) to rinse, wash

مرحاض mirḥāḍ pl. مراحض marāḥīḍ2 lavatory, toilet

رحيق raḥīq exquisite wine; nectar

1 رحل raḥala a (رحيل raḥīl) to set out; to depart, leave; to move away, emigrate; to start (عن from a place) | رجل يرحل ويقيم (yuqīm) a man constantly on the go, a dynamic man II to make (ه s.o.) leave, induce or urge (ه s.o.) to depart; to evacuate (الى ه s.o. to), resettle, relocate (الى ه s.o. in); to deport (الى ه s.o. to); to allow (ه s.o.) to emigrate; to give (ه s.o.) travel clearance; to carry (passengers e. g., a ship); to transfer (هـ s.th.); to transport, convey, forward (هـ s.th.); to dispatch, send out (هـ s.th.); to carry over, post (هـ an item; bookkeeping); to carry forward (هـ the balance; bank) V to wander, roam, migrate, lead a nomadic life; to be evacuated VIII to set out, leave, depart; to move away, emigrate |ارتحل الى رحمة ربه (ilā raḥmati rabbihī) to pass away, die

رحل raḥl pl. رحال riḥāl camel saddle; saddlebags; baggage, luggage; pl. stopping place, stop, stopover |شد الرحال (šadda) to set out, break camp; القى رحاله alqā riḥālahū to stop (في in, at)

رحلة riḥla travel, journey; trip, tour; travelogue

رحلة ruḥla destination, place for which one is bound

رحيل raḥīl departure, setting out; emigration; exodus; demise

رحال raḥḥāl pl. رحل riḥal roving, roaming, peregrinating, wandering, migratory nomadic; -- (pl. رحالة raḥḥāla) great traveler, explorer; nomad |الطيور الرحالة migratory birds; الأعراب (العربان) الرحل (‘urbān) the nomadic Bedouins

رحالة raḥḥāla great traveler, explorer; globetrotter

مرحلة marḥala pl. مراحل marāḥil2 a day’s journey; leg of a journey; way station; stage, phase |يزيد عليه بمراحل (yazīdu) it exceeds it by far; في مراحل حياتها (ḥayātihā) throughout her life, in every stage of her life

ترحال tarḥāl departure, setting out |حياة الترحال ḥayāt at-t. nomadic life

ترحيل tarḥīl emigration, exodus; effectuation of (s.o.’s) departure; deportation; evacuation; resettlement; transfer; moving; transport, transportation; posting (of accounts); carrying forward (fin.); dispatch |ترحيل عمال t. ‘ummāl assignment (or detailing) of workmen

ارتحال irtiḥāl departure, setting out; emigration, exodus; demise

راحل rāḥil pl. رحل ruḥḥal departing leaving, parting; traveling; (pl. -ūn) deceased, late, الفقيد الراحل the deceased

راحلة raḥila pl. رواحل rawāḥil2 female riding camel|شد راحلته (šadda) to saddle one’s camel, start out on a journey

مرحل muraḥḥal pl. -āt carry-over |مجموع مرحل balance carried forward (fin.)

2 راحيل rāḥīl Rachel

رحم raḥima a (رحمة raḥma, مرحمة marḥama) to have mercy (ه upon s.o.), have compassion (ه for s.o.) ; to spare, let off (ه s.o.); to be merciful II رحم عليه to say to s.o.: رحمك الله raḥimaka llāh may God have mercy upon you; to ask God to have mercy (على upon s.o.), plead for God’s mercy (على for what has happened) V = II; VI to show human understanding for one another, love and respect one another X to ask (ه s.o.) to have mercy

رحم raḥim, riḥm f., pl. ارحام arḥām uterus; womb; relationship, kinship |ذوو الارحام dawū l-a. relatives on the maternal side

رحمة raḥma pity, compassion; human understanding, sympathy, kindness; mercy |كان تحت رحمته to be at s.o.’s mercy; جعله تحت رحمته to leave s.th. or s.o. to s.o.’s mercy; بساط الرحمة pall

رحيم raḥīm pl. رحماء ruḥamā’ and رحوم ruḥūm merciful, compassionate

الرحمن ar-raḥmān the Merciful (i.e., God)

مرحمة marḥama pl. مراحم marāḥim2 pity, compassion, sympathy; mercy

ترحيم tarḥīm: ترحيم الموتى (mautā) pl. تراحيم tarāḥīm2 intercessory prayer for the dead (Chr.)

استرحام istirḥām plea for mercy

مرحوم marḥūm deceased, late, e.g., المرحوم السيد the late M. …

رحى raḥan f., pl. ارحاء arḥā’, رحى ruḥīy, ارحية arḥīya quern, hand mill | حجر الرحى ḥajar ar-r. millotone; دارت رحى الحرب (القتال ) dārat r. l-ḥarb the war (fighting) broke out; the war (fighting) was going on

رحوى raḥawī rotating, rotatory

رحاوى raḥḥāy pl. -ūn grinder

رخ raḳḳa u to mix with water, dilute (هـ wine)

رخ raḳḳ (n. un. ة ) light shower

رخ rukk roc, name of a fabulous giant bird; (pl. رخخة rikaka) rook, castle (chess)

رخاخ rakāk soft (ground); comfortable, pleasant, easy (life)

رخص rakuṣa (rukṣ) to be cheap, inexpensive; (رخاصة rakāṣa) to be supple, tender, soft II to permit, allow (ل s.o. ب or في s.th.); to authorize, license (ل s.o., ب or في to do s.th.); to empower (ل s.o.); to reduce the price (هـ of s.th.) IV to reduce the price (هـ of s.th.) V to be willing to please, meet on fair term. (مع في s.o. in), show o.s. ready to compromise (مع with s.o. في in s.th.); to make concessions (في or ب in s.th.); to permit o.s. liberties, take liberties (في in) X to find cheap, regard as inexpensive (هـ s.th.); to request s.o.’s (ه ) permission

رخص rakṣ supple, tender, soft

رخص rukṣ cheapness, inexpensiveness

رخصة rukṣa pl. رخص rukaṣ permission; concession, license, franchise; admission; authorization; leave; permit |رخصة قيادة السيارات r. qiyādat as-sayyārāt driving permit, operator’s license

رخيص rakīṣ supple, tender, soft, cheap, inexpensive, low-priced; base, mean, low; trash, trumpery

ترخيص tarkīṣ pl. -āt, تراخيص tarākīṣ2 granting of permission; permission; authorization; mandate; concession; license; price reduction, price cut

مرتخص murtakiṣ low-priced, inexpensive, cheap |كل مرتخص وغال kullu murtakaṣin wa-gālin every conceivable effort, everything (in one’s power)

رخم rakuma u (رخامة rakāma) and rakama u to be soft, mellow, gentle, pleasant (voice); رخمت بيضها (على بيضها ) rakamat baiḍahā (‘alā baiḍihā) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to soften, mellow (هـ the voice); to apocopate (هـ a word); to tile with marble (هـ the floor)

رخم rakam (coll.; n. un. ة ) Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus; zool.)

رخام rukām marble

رخام rukāma pl. -āt marble slab

رخيم rakīm soft, mellow, pleasant, melodious (voice); O note lowered by a semitone, flat (mus.)

ترخيم tarkīm shortening, apocopation, esp. of a name in the vocative by elision of the final consonant (gram.)

(رخو and رخي) رخو rakuwa u and رخي rakiya a (رخاوة rakāwa, رخاء rakā’) to be or become loose, slack, relaxed; to slacken, slump, sag, relax; -- رخاء rakā’ u (رخاء rakā’): رخا عيشه (‘aišuhū) to live in easy circumstances, live in opulence IV to loosen, slacken (هـ s.th.); to relax (هـ s.th.); to let go (هـ s.th.); to lower, drop, let down (هـ s.th.) VI to slacken, sag, droop, become limp; to show little energy or zeal, let up, become lax, be remiss (عن in s.th.); to go down, slump (prices); to lag, become dull or listless (stock market); to diminish, flag, wane, ebb, decrease; to desist (عن from); to be lowered, drop, fall (curtain); to be delayed, be retarded VIII to slacken, slump, sag, droop, become limp, flaccid, flabby; to become loose, work loose; to soften, become soft; to relax, become relaxed, unbend; to abate, let up; to languish, nag, lose force or vigor X = VIII

رخو rakw, rikw loose, slack; limp, flabby, flaccid; indolent, languid; soft; supple

رخاء rakā’ ease, comfort, happiness; prosperity; abundance, opulence (of living); welfare; fairness, lowness (of prices)

رخاء rukā’ gentle breeze

رخاوة rakāwa softness; flaccidity, limpness; laxity |رخاوة العود r. al-‘ūd weakness of character

رخي rakīy feeble, weakened, languid; relaxed, at ease; cozy, comfortable

تراخ tarākin, limpness; slackness; languor, lassitude; abatement, mitigation, letup; relaxation; loosening, looseness

ارتخاء irtikā’ loosening, slackening; looseness, slackness; laxity; abatement mitigation, letup; ease, relaxedness; relaxation; limpness; languor, lassitude

استرخاء istirkā’ = ارتخاء irtikā’

راخ rākin sagging, drooping

متراخ mutarākin limp, flaccid, flabby; drooping; languid; negligent, indolent, slack

رد radda u (radd) to send back; to bring back, take back (الى هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); to return (الى هـ s.th. to its place). put back, lay back (الى هـ s.th. in its place); to throw back, repel, drive back, drive away (ه s.o.); to resist, oppose (ه s.o.); to turn down, refuse, decline (هـ s.th., e.g., the fulfillment of a wish); to ward off, parry, repel (هجوما hujūman an attack); to reject (تهمة tuhmatan a suspicion); to hand back, give back, return, restore (هـ s.th., الى to s.o.); to return (السلام as-salāma the greeting); to reply (على to s.o.), answer (على s.o.); to reflect (هـ light); to throw back, echo (هـ the voice); to refute, disprove (على s.th.); to hold back, keep, restrain (عن ه s.o. from s.th.); to dissuade (عن ه s.o. from), prevail upon s.o. (ه ) not to do s.th. (عن ); to trace back, attribute (الى هـ s.th. to an origin); to bring, yield ( هـ على s.th. to s.o.); to reappoint, reinstate (ه ه s.o. as, e.g., حاكما ḥākiman as governor) |رد الباب to close the door; رد جوابا (jawāban) to answer; ما يرد هذا عليك شيئا this won’t help you at all; لا يرد (yuraddu) irrefutable; رده على عقبيه (‘aqibaih) pl. ردهم على اعقابهم (a‘qābihim) to drive s.o. back to where he came from; رد عينه عنه (‘ainahū) he averted his eyes from it II to keep away, avert, prevent, stave off (هـ s.th.); to repel, throw back (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to repeat (constantly, frequently); to break forth, burst (هـ into, e.g., into singing), strike up, intone, let ring out (هـ a tune, or the like) |ردد الصدى (ṣadā) to return the echo; ردد النظر في (naẓara) to look at s.th. again and again; ردد طرفه بين (ṭarafahū) to let one’s eyes wander between, look first at one, then at the other V to be thrown back, be reflected (voice, echo); to ring out (shouts); to shift repeatedly (wind); to come and go (على at s.o.’s house; rarely الى ), frequent, visit frequently (على s.o.’s house, a place; rarely الى ); to return, recur; to hesitate, be reluctant (في in s.th., to do s.th.); to waver, become uncertain, become doubtful في in s.th. or as to s.th.) |تردد على الألسنة (alsina) to be frequently diocussed (question) VIII to withdraw, retreat, fall back; to move backward, retrogress; to go back, return, revert (الى to); to fall back (الى on); to go away, absent o.s.; to desist, refrain (عن from), renounce, give up, abandon, quit, leave (or s.th.); to forsake, desert (or one’s faith, one’s principles, etc.), apostatize, fall off (عن from) |ارتد على عقبيه (‘aqbaihi), pl. ارتدوا على اعقابهم (a’qābihim) to withdraw, turn back X to reclaim, demand back, call in (هـ s.th.), demand the return (هـ of s.th.); to bring back, lead back (ه الى s.o. to); to get back (هـ s.th.); to retrieve, recover, regain (هـ s.th.); to withdraw (e.g., يده yadahū one’s hand; also fig., e.g., استقالته istiqālatahū one’s resignation); to withdraw, take out (هـ money, from an account, from a bank) |استرد انفاسه (anfāsahu) to catch one’s breath

رد radd pl. ردود rudūd return; restoration, restitution; refund, reimbursement; repayment, requital; repulsion; warding off, parrying; denial, refusal; rejection; reply, answer; reflection (e.g., of light); refutation; attribution (الى to) |رد الفعل al-fi‘l reaction; رد الاعتبار rehabilitation; ردا على (raddan) in reply to ...; اخذ ورد see أخذ akada

ردة radda ugliness; reverberation, echo; bran

ردة ridda apostasy (عن الاسلام or from Islam)

ارد aradd2 more useful, more profitable (على to s.o.)

مرد maradd fact to which s.th. is attributable, underlying factor or reason; averting, rejection, repulsion; responsory (Chr.) |لا مرد له (maradda) irresistible; مرده الى (maradduhū) it is attributable to ..., one must ascribe it to لا مرد له الا براعته (maradda, barā‘atuhū) it can only be attributed to his efficiency; كان على مرد لسانه (maraddi lisānihi) to be constantly on s.o.’s lips, be a standing phrase with s.o.

ترداد tardād frequent repetition; frequentation

ترديد tardīd repetition, reiteration

تردد taraddud frequent coming and going, frequentation; frequency (el.); hesitation, irresolution, indecision, wavering; reluctance

ارتداد irtidād retreat, withdrawal; retrogression; renunciation, desertion; apostasy (عن الاسلام from Islam) |كارتداد الطرف ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭarf in the twinkling of an eye, in a jiffy

استرداد istirdād reclamation, claim of restitution, vindication (Isl. Law); recovery, retrieval; retraction, withdrawal; refundment, reimbursement; withdrawal, taking out (of money, from an account)

مردود mardūd yield, return(s)

مرتد murtadd turncoat, renegade, apostate

1 ردأ rada’a a (rad’) to support, prop, shore up (هـ a wall)

ردء rid’ pl. ارداء ardā’ support; help, helper

2 ردؤ radu’a u (رداءة radā’a) to be bad V to become bad, be spoiled

رديء radī’ pl. اردياء ardiyā’2 bad; mean, base, vile; evil, wicked; vicious, malicious |رديء السمعة r. as-sum‘a of ill repute

اردأ arda’2 worse; more wicked

رداءة radā’a badness; wickedness; viciousness, maliciousness

اردب irdabb (now commonly pronounced ardabb) pl. ارادب arādib2 ardeb, a dry measure (Eg.; = 1981)

اردب irdabba cesspool

ردح radaḥ long period of time |ردحا من الهر radaḥan min ad-dahr for a long time

ردس radasa i u (rads) to crush (هـ s.th.); to roll smooth, level by rolling (هـ ground)

ردع rada‘a a (rad‘) to keep, prevent (ه عن s.o. from) VIII to be kept, be prevented (عن from)

رادع rādi‘ deterring; (pl. روادع rawādi‘) deterrent; impediment, obstacle, handicap; restriction, limitation, curb, check; inhibition (psych.)

ردغة radga, radaga mud, mire, slush

ردف radafa u (radf) and radifa a to come next, come immediately after s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), follow, succeed (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) III to ride behind s.o. (ه on the same animal); to be the substitute (ه of s.o.), replace (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to be synonymous (هـ with) IV to seat (ه s.o.) behind one (on an animal); to make (ه s.th.) be followed (ب by s.th. else); to complement, complete (ب هـ s.th. with or by) VI to follow one another, come in succession; to pile up in layers, become stratified; to form a single line; to flock, throng (على to); to be synonymous

ردف ridf pl. ارداف ardāf rear man (riding on the same animal); one who or that which is subsequent, follows, comes next; posteriors, backside, rump; haunches, croup (of an animal); dual: الردفان ar-ridfān day and night

رداف ridāf croup, rump (of an animal)

رديف radīf rear man, one following next in line; redif, reserve (in the army of the former Turkish Empire)

رديفة radīfa fem. of رديف

ترادف tarāduf succession; synonymity

مرادف murādif synonym (of a word); synonymous, consignificant (ل with); corresponding in meaning, analogous

مترادف mutarādif synonymous; مترادفات synonyms

ردم radama i u (radm) to fill up with earth (هـ pit, pond) II to repair, fix, mend IV not to leave (على s.o.), cling (على to s.o.; said of disease) V to be mended, be repaired; to repair, mend (هـ s.th.); to be worn, show signs of wear

ردم radm filling up (of swamps, ponds, etc.); rubble, debris; dam

رديم radīm worn, shabby, threadbare (garment)

ردن radana i (radn) to spin; to purr (cat); to grumble (على at)

ردن rudn pl. اردان ardān sleeve

ردينى rudainī spear (originally epithet for one of superior quality)

مردن mirdan pl. مرادن marādin2 spindle

ردنجوت (Fr. redingote) redengōt frock coat, Prince Albert

ردهة radha hall; large room, sitting room, parlor; lobby; entrance hall, vestibule | ردهة الاستقبال reception hall, drawing room, parlor ردهة المحاضرة r. al-muḥāḍarāt lecture room

ردي radiya a (ردى radan) to perish, be destroyed II to bring to the ground (ه s.o.), bring about the fan of (ه ) IV to bring to the ground (ه s.o.), bring about the fall of (ه ); to destroy, ruin (ه s.o.); to fell (ه s.o.); to kill (ه s.o.) |اراده قتيلا (qatīlan) to fell s.o. with a deadly blow V to fall, tumble; to decline, fall off, come down, go from bad to worse; to deteriorate, become worse; to clothe o.s. (ب with), put on (ب a garment) VIII to put on (هـ a garment or headgear); to wear (هـ a garment, a headgear), be clothed, be clad (هـ in) |ارتدى ملابسه (malābisahū) to put on one’s clothes, dress, get dressed

ردى radan ruin, destruction

رداء ridā’ pl. اردية ardiya loose outer garment, cloak, robe; (lady’s) dress, gown; attire, costume |رداء المساء al-masā’ evening gown

مترد mutaraddin dressed

رذ radda u: رذت السماء (samā’) and IV there was a drizzle, it drizzled

رذاذ radād drizzle

رذل radila a and radula u (رذالة radāla) to be low, base. vile. despicable. Contemptible; -- radala u (radl) to reject, cast off, discard, repudiate, disown (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to despise, disdain, scorn (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.); to disapprove (هـ, ه of) IV to reject, cast off, discard, repudiate, disown (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) X to regard as low or despicable (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

رذل radl rejection; repudiation; (pl. رذول rudūl, ارذال ardāl) low, base, mean, vile, despicable, contemptible

رذيل radīl pl. رذلاء rudalā’ low, base, mean, vile, despicable, contemptible, depraved

رذالة radāla lowness, baseness, meanness, vileness, depravity

رذالة radīla pl. رذائل radā’il vice; depravity

مرذول mardūl depraved, despicable, mean, base, vile, evil, wicked

1 رز ruzz (= ارز ) aruzz) rice

2 رز razza u (razz) to insert, drive in (هـ s.th.) II to burnish, polish (هـ s.th.) IV to telephone

رزة razza pl. -āt staple, U bolt; ring screw; joint pin

O ارزيز irzīz telephone

رزأ raza’a a (رزء raz’) to deprive (في or ه هـ s.o. of s.th.); pass. رزئ ruzi’a to incur or suffer loss; to lose (ب s.th.); to be afflicted (ب by)

رزء ruz’ pl. ارزاء arzā’ heavy loss, serious damage; disaster, calamity

رزيئة razī’a and رزية razīya pl. رزايا razāyā heavy loss, serious damage; disaster, calamity

رزب razaba u (razb) to keep, stick, cling (هـ to)

مرزبة mirzabba pl. مرازب marāzib2 iron rod

مرزاب mirzāb pl. مرازيب marāzīb2 waterspout, gargoyle; (roof) gutter

رزح razaḥa a (رزوح ruzūḥ, رزاح ruzāḥ, razāḥ) to succumb, collapse, sink to the ground (under a burden); to descend, hover (e.g., silence) III to suffer

مرزغ marzig muddy, boggy, miry

رزق razaqa u to provide with the means of subsistence (ه s.o.; said of God); to bestow (ه هـ upon s.o. s.th., material or spiritual possessions; said of God), endow (ه هـ s.o. with); to bless (ه هـ s.o. with, esp. مولودا with a child); -- pass. ruziqa to be endowed (هـ with); to live VIII to make a living, gain one’s livelihood; to live (من on or by s.th.) X to seek one’s livelihood; to ask for the means of subsistence

رزق rizq pl. ارزاق arzāq livelihood, means of living, subsistence; daily bread, nourishment, sustenance; boon, blessing (of God); property, possessions, wealth, fortune; income; pay, wages |ارزاق ناشفة dry rations, emergency rations (mil.)

الرازق ar-rāziq the Maintainer, the Provider (one of the 99 attributes of God)

ارترزاق istirzāq independent livelihood, self-support

مرزوق marzūq blessed (by God), fortunate, prosperous, successful

مرتزق murtaziq hired, hireling, mercenary, kept

مرتزقة murtaziqa kept persons, hangers-on; mercenaries

مرتزق murtazaq means of subsistence, livelihood, living

رزم razama i u (razm) to bundle, bale, pack, wrap up (هـ s.th.)

رزمة rizma pl. رزم rizam bundle; bale, pack; parcel, package; ream (of paper)

رزن razuna u (رزانة razāna) to be grave, serious, sedate, staid, calm, composed, self-possessed V to display grave or sedate manners, show o.s. calm, composed, self-possessed

رزين razīn grave, serious, sedate, staid; composed, calm, self-possessed

رزانة razana gravity, sedateness, staidness; composure, self-possession, poise

رزنامة ruznāma see روزنامة

رزية pl. رزايا see رزيئة

رسيس rasīs covered with verdigris

رسب rasaba u (رسوب rusūb) to sink to the bottom, settle, subside (esp., in water); to fail, dunk (in an examination) II to cause to settle (هـ s.th., in a liquid), deposit (هـ a sediment); to precipitate (هـ s.th.; chem.) V to settle, subside, be deposited; to precipitate (chem.)

رسوب rusūb sediment, deposit; lees, dregs, settlings; precipitate (chem.); failure (in an examination)

ترسيب tarsīb sedimentation; precipitation (chem.)

راسب rāsib pl. رواسب rawāsib2 sediment, deposit; dregs, lees, settlings; precipitate (chem.); residue

رستامية rustāmīya to tidy, arrange well, put in order (هـ s.th.)

رستق rastaqa to tidy, arrange well, put in order (هـ s.th.)

رستو , روستو (It. arrosto) rostō roast meat

رستوران (Fr. restaurant) restorān restaurant

مرسح marsaḥ (= مسرح ) pl. مراسح marāsiḥ2 theater, playhouse; stage; party, social gathering

مرسحي marsaḥī social, party (used attributively); formal (dress)

رسخ rasaka u (رسوخ rusūk) to be firmly established, be deeply rooted (في in s.th.); to be firm, solid, stable; to be conversant, be thoroughly familiar (في with s.th.), be well versed, be at home (في in s.th., in a field); to seep in; to permeate (في a fabric); to become fast (color or dyes in a fabric) II and IV to make (هـ s.th.) take root(s), establish (هـ s.th.); to implant (هـ s.th.); to secure, make fast, fix firmly, ground (هـ s.th.) |ارسخ الشيء في ذهنه (dihnihī) to impress or inculcate s.th. upon s.o.

ارسخ arsaka more firmly established, more deeply rooted |ارسخ قدما (qadaman) do.

راسخ rāsiq, firmly established, deep-rooted; grounded, firmly fixed, stable; conversant (في with s.th.), thoroughly versed, completely at home (في in a field)

رسراس risrās (eg.) glue, adhesive, specif., one for pasting leather, made of a yellow powder

رسغ rusg pl. ارساغ arsāg, ارسغ arsug wrist

رسف rasafa u i to go in shackles; to be bound; to be moored (ship)

رسل rasila a (rasal) to be long and flowing (hair) III to correspond, carry on a correspondence, exchange letters (ه with s.o.); to contact (ه s.o.), get in touch (ه with s.o.) IV to send out, dispatch (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th. الى , also ل , to); to send off, send away (ب or هـ , .s.o., s.th. الى , also ل , to); to send, forward, ship (ب or هـ s.th. الى , also ل , to); to send, transmit (radio); to release, let go (هـ s.th.); to set free (هـ s.th.); to discharge (هـ s.th.); to pour forth, vent (هـ s.th.), give vent (هـ to); to utter (هـ words); to shed (هـ tears); to let (هـ the hair) hang down, let it fall (على on) |ارسل في طلبه (ṭalabihī) to send for s.o.; ارسل الكلام ارسالا (al-kalāma irsālan) to speak without restraint, talk freely; ارسل نفسه مع طبيعتها (nafsahū) to yield to one’s natural impulse, do the natural thing; ارسل على سجيته (sajīyatihī) to make s.o. feel at home; ارسل نفسه على سجيتها (nafsahū) to feel at home, let o.s. go V to proceed leisurely, take one’s time (في in s.th.); to hang down, be long and flowing (hair) VI to keep up a correspondence, exchange letters; to send to one another, exchange (ب s.th.) X to ask (من s.o.) to send (هـ s.th.), have s.o. (من ) send (هـ s.th.); to be relaxed, at ease, free from restraint; to be long and flowing (hair); to be friendly, affable, intimate, chummy (الى with s.o.); to act naturally, without affectation; to let o.s. go; to enlarge (في الكلام fī l-kalām in discourse, i.e., to talk at length); to abandon o.s., give o.s. up (في to s.th., also مع or الى ); to persist (في in s.th.), keep up (في s.th.)

رسل rasl easy, gentle, leisurely (pace, gait); loose, slack, relaxed; long and flowing (hair)

رسل risl moderation |على رسلك ! slowly! gently! take it easy!

رسيل rasīl pl. رسلاء rusalā’2 messenger; runner (mil.)

رسول rasūl pl. رسل rusul messenger; emissary; envoy, delegate; apostle (Chr.); الرسول or رسول الله the Messenger of God (i.e., Mohammed)

رسولي rasūlī apostolic, papal (Chr.) |البركة الرسولية (baraka) apostolic benediction; السدة الرسولية (sudda) the Holy See; قاصد رسولي apostolic delegate

رسالة risāla pl. -āt, رسائل rasā’l2 consignment, shipment; mail item; (written) communication, (written) report; missive; letter, note; epistle; dispatch; message; treatise; radio message; (pl. -āt) mission, calling, vocation |رسالة برقية (barqīya) telegram; رسالة غرامية (garāmīya) love letter; رسالة مسجلة (musajjala) registered letter

رسيلات rusailāt: القى الخبر على رسيلاته (kabara) he didn’t take the matter seriously

O مرسال mirsāl: مرسال نور m. nūr, pl. -āt searchlight

مراسلة murāsala exchange of letters, correspondence; note, message, letter, communication; orderly (mil.)

ارسال irsāl sending, forwarding, shipping, dispatch

ارسالية irsālīya pl. -āt consignment; mail item; shipment; transport; (mil.) expedition; mission

ترسل tarassul art of letter writing

استرسال istirsāl ease, naturalness, relaxedness; abandon; elaboration, expatiation

مراسل murāsil pl. -ūn correspondent, reporter (of a newspaper) |مراسل حربي (ḥarbī) war correspondent; مراسل خاص (kāṣṣ) special correspondent; مراسل رياضي (riyāḍī) sports reporter

مرسل mursil sender (of a letter); consignor; O transmitter (radio)

O مرسلة mursala pl. -āt transmitter (radio)

مرسل mursal sent, forwarded; dispatched; delegated; transmitted (radio); long and flowing (hair); (pl. -ūn) millionary (Chr.); incompletely transmitted (of a Prophetic tradition resting on a chain of authorities that goes no further back than the2nd generation after the Prophet) |المرسل اليه recipient, addressee (of a letter); consignee; كلام مرسل (kalām) prose

مرسلية mursalīya mission

مسترسل mustarsil loose, flowing (hair); friendly, affable; intimate, chummy; devoted, given up (في or مع to s.th.)

رسم rasama u (rasm) to draw, trace (هـ s.th.); to sketch (هـ s.th.); to describe (هـ e.g., a circle); to paint (هـ s.th.); to record, put down in writing (هـ s.th.); to enter, mark, indicate (هـ s.th.); to sketch, outline (هـ s.th.; fig.); to describe, depict, portray, picture (هـ s.th.); to make, work out, conceive (خطة kiṭṭatan a plan); to prescribe (ب or ل هـ to s.o. s.th.), lay down as a rule (ب or ل هـ for s.o. s.th.); to ordain (ه a priest; Chr.) |رسم شارة الصليب to make the sign of the cross, cross o.s. (Chr.) II to enter, mark, indicate (هـ s.th., في in); to appoint to a public office (هـ s.o.; tun.) V to follow (هـ s.th., esp. s.o.’s footsteps, an example, etc.); to be appointed to a public office (tun.) VIII to come out, find visible expression; to be traced, engraved, inscribed, written; to impress itself, leave an impression (على on); to be ordained, be introduced into the office of the ministry (priest; Chr.); to make the sign of the cross (Chr.)

رسم rasm drawing (e.g., as a subject in school); -- (pl. رسوم rusūm, رسومات rusūmāt) a drawing; sketch; graph; picture; photograph; illustration; pattern (e.g., on a fabric); -- (pl. رسوم ) trace, impression) designation, mark; inscription, legend; record, notes; (official) document, (legal) instrument; writing; design; prescription, regulation; ceremony, form, formality; rate, fee, tax, due |برسم bi-rasmi intended for, care of (c/o), for; اخذ الرسم akd ar-r. taking of a picture; رسم بياني (bayānī) illustrative figure, diagram (in a book); رسم الدخول admission fee; رسم دخولي (dukūlī) import duty, tariff; رسم شمسي (šamsī) photograph; رسم عمومي layout, ground plan (arch.); رسم تفصيلي detail drawing; رسم قلبي (qalbī) cardiogram; رسوم قيدية (qaidīya) registration fees; رسم الإنتاج r. al-intāj excise tax; رسم قيمي (qaimī) ad valorem duty; رسم هزلي (hazalī) caricature, cartoon

رسمي official, formal, conventional; ceremonial; official, officeholder, public servant; رسميا ramīyan officially; رسميات rasmīyāt formalities; ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; rules, regulations |رجال رسمية officials; ملابس رسمية official dress; court dress; ثياب رسمية uniforms; شبه رسمية šibh r. and شبيه بالرسمي semi-official; نصف رسمي niṣfu r. do.; غير رسمي gairu r. unofficial

رسام rassām pl. -āt draftsman; painter, artist

رسامة risāma, rasāma ordination, consecration (of a priest; Chr.)

روسم rausam pl. رواسم rawāsim2 O cliché (Syr.)

مرسم marsam studio (of an artist)

مراسم marāsim2 ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette, protocol (dipl.); customs; principles; regulations |مدير ادارة المراسم mudīr idārat al-m. and رئيس المراسم chief of protocol (dipl.); مراسم التتويج coronation ceremonies; مراسم التشريفات court etiquette

ترسم tarassum design, planning

ارتسام irtisām pl. -āt (visible) expression, manifestation (e.g., of a feeling, of an emotion on s.o.’s face)

مرسوم marsūm drawn, traced, sketched; painted; recorded in writing, written; designed, planned; decreed, ordered; -- (pl. مراسيم marāsīm2) decree; act, edict; regulation, ordinance (ب regarding); مراسيم ceremonies, ceremonial, ritual; etiquette; regulations |مرسوم بقانون (bi-qānūn) enactment, statute, ordinance (Eg.); مرسوم تشريعي (tašrī‘ī) and مرسوم اشتراعي (ištirā‘ī; Pal., Syr.) do.; مدير المراسيم mudīr al-m. chief of protocol (dipl.)

رسمال rasmāl pl. رساميل rasāmīl2 = رأس مال capital (fin.)

رسن rasana pl. ارسن arson, ارسان arsān, ارسنة arnsina halter

رسا (رسو ) rasā u (rasw) to be firm, stable, steady; to anchor (على off a coast), cast anchor, land, dock; to ride at anchor (على off a coast, في in a harbor); to disembark, land (ب s.o.; ship); to come or go eventually (على to), land (على with) |رسا عليه المزاد (mazād) it was knocked down to him (at an auction); رست عليه المناقصة (munāqaṣa) the commission or contract went to him (after an invitation to submit tenders) IV to make fast, fix firmly (هـ s.th.); to anchor, place at anchor (هـ a ship)

مرسى marsan pl. مراس marāsin anchorage |مرسى مطروح Mersa Matrûh (village in NW Egypt, on Mediterranean coast)

مرساة mirsāh pl. مراس marāsin anchor

راس rāsin pl. رواس rawāsin fixed, stationary, immovable, firm, steady, stable, firmly established; anchored, at anchor; pl. راسيات rāsiyāt, رواس rawāsin towering, unshakable mountains

رسى (= رسا see above) to anchor

رش rašša u (rašš) to spatter, splash, spurt (هـ a liquid); to spray (هـ a liquid); to sprinkle (هـ s.th., ب with, على on); to splatter, spatter, bespatter (هـ s.th., ب with water, etc.); to water (هـ s.th.)

رش rašš sprinkling; watering; splattering, spattering; spraying; buckshot |مصلحة الرش والكنس maṣlaḥat ar-r. wa-l-kans street-cleaning department; عربة الرش ‘arabat ar-r. watering cart, sprinkler; رمى رشا to fire in bursts (mil.)

رشة rašša light drizzle

رشاش raššāš spattered liquid; drizzle, dribble (esp. fig.)

رشاش raššāš pl. -āt water hose; machine gun |مدفع رشاش (midfa‘) machine gun; مسدس رشاش (musaddas) pl. مسدسات رشاشة submachine gun, Tommy gun

رشاشة raššāša pl. -āt perfume spray, atomizer; O watering can; shower, douche (Mor.)

O مرشة mirašša watering can

رشح rašaḥa a (rašḥ) to sweat, perspire; to leak, be leaky (vessel); to filter, strain, percolate (هـ a liquid) II to raise, rear, bring up (ه a child); to train, prepare (ه s.o.); to nominate, put up as a candidate (. s.o., ل for, e.g., for an office), (with نفسه nafsahū) to be a candidate, apply (ل for an offioe. etc.); to filter (هـ s.th.) V to be reared, be brought up; to be suited, qualified, trained (ل for s.th.); to be nominated as a candidate, be a nominee (ل for s.th.); to catch a cold

رشح rašḥ secretion (of a fluid); perspiration, sweating; leaking, leakiness; filtering, filtration, percolation; oozing, trickling; cold, catarrh

رشاحة rušāḥa transudate, transudation (med.)

ترشيح taršīḥ training, preparation; nomination (as a candidate, for election); (= ترشيح نفسه ) candidacy, candidature; election; concession

ترشح taraššuḥ infiltration (med.)

ارتشاح irtišāḥ infiltration (med.)

مرشح muraššiḥ pl. -āt filter; percolator; filtering installation; purification plant

مرشح muraššaḥ pl. -ūn candidate, nominee; having a cold

مترشح mutaraššiḥ pl. -ūn candidate, nominee

رشد rašada u (rušd) to be on the right way, follow the right course, be well guided, not go astray (esp., in religious matters); to have the true faith, be a true believer; to become sensible, become mature, grow up; to come of age II to lead the right way, guide well (ه s.o.) IV to lead the right way, guide well (ه s.o.); to load, guide, direct (الى • s.o. to s.th.), show (ه s.o.) the way (الى to; fig.); to lead s.o. (ه ) to the discovery that (الى ان ), suggest to s.o. the idea of, make s.o. realize that; to calls.o.’s (ه ) attention (الى to s.th.), point out (الى ه to s.o. s.th.); to teach (الى ه s.o. to do s.th.), instruct, (direct, guide (الى ه s.o. in); to inform (الى ه s.o. about), acquaint s.o. (ه ) with the facts of (الى ); to advise, counsel (الى ه s.o. to do s.th.); to inform (الى against s.o.); to come of age X to ask (ه or ب s.o.) to show the right way, ask s.o. for guidance or directions; to ask (ه s.o.) for instructions or information; to consult (ه s.o.), ask s.o.’s (ه ) advice, seek guidance (ه from s.o.); to be guided (ب by)

رشد rušd integrity of (one’s) actions, proper, sensible conduct; reason, good sense, senses; consciousness; maturity (of the mind) |سن الرشد sinn ar-r. majority, full legal age; بلغ رشده (rušdahū) to come of age; ثاب الى رشده to come to one’s senses, calm, down, sober up; ضاع رشده to go out of one’s mind; ذهب برشده to drive s.o. mad (pain)

رشد rašad integrity of conduct, straightforwardness, forthrightness

رشاد rašād integrity of conduct; reason, good sense, senses; maturity; garden peppergrass (Lepidium sativum L.; bot.)

رشيد rašīd rightly guided, following the right way; having the true faith; reasonable, rational, intelligent, discriminating, discerning; mature; (pl. رشداء rušadā’) of full legal age, major; Rosetta (city in N Egypt)

مراشيد marāšid2 where the right way leads to; salvation

ترشيد taršīd a declaring (s.o.) of age (jur.)

ارشاد iršād guidance; a conducting, showing the way (الى to); guiding hand; care; spiritual guidance; instruction; direction; directive; information; advising, advice; pl. ارشادات ) directives, directions, instructions, advice |بإرشاده on his instructions, following his direction; وزارة الإرشاد القومي wizārat al-i. al-qaumī Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.)

شعر ارشادي ši‘r iršādī didactic poetry

راشد rāšid following the right way, rightly guided, having the true faith; sensible, reasonable; of full legal age, major |الخلفاء الراشدون (kulafā’) the orthodox caliphs (i.e., Abū Bakr, ‘Umar, ‘Utmān, ‘Alī)

مرشد muršid pl. -ūn leader; guide to the right way; adviser; spiritual guide; informer; instructor; (ship) pilot; tourist guide; Grand Master, Master (e.g., of the Moslem Brotherhood)

مرشدة muršida woman guide

رشرش rušruš pl. رشرش rašārīš2 belt

رشراش rašrāš tender (e.g., meat)

رشف rašafa i u (rašf) and rašifa a (raša), V and VIII to suck, sip (هـ s.th.); to drink (هـ s.th.); to drink up, drain (هـ a vessel)

رشفة rašfa (n. un.) pl. -āt gulp, sip (of a drink)

رشق rašaqa u (rašq) to throw (ه ب at s.o.

s.th.), pelt, strike, hurt (ه ب s.o. with s.th.); to insert, fasten. fix (في هـ s.th. in); -- rašuqa u (رشاقة rašāqa) to he shapely, of graceful stature; to he elegant, graceful, lissome VI to pelt one another, hurt one another

رشيق rašīq elegant, graceful (exterior, style); svelte, slender, slim; lissome

رشاقة rašāqa elegance, grace, gracefulness; shapeliness graceful, slender build; nimbleness, agility

رشم rašama u (rašm) to mark, designate (هـ s.th.); to make the sign of the cross; to seal (هـ s.th.) |رشم بصليب على to make the sign of the cross over; رشم الصليب to make the sign of the cross (Chr.)

رشمة rašm pl. رشوم rušūm, رشومات rušūmāt sign of the cross (Chr.); anointment (Copt.-Chr.)

رشمة rašma ornamental halter decorated with silver pendants, or the like; camel halter

راشن rāšin tip, baksheesh

رشا (رشو ) rašā u (rašw) to bribe (ه s.o.) VIII to accept as bribe, he corrupt, he venal

رشو rašw bribery, corruption

رشوة rišwa, rušwa, rašwa pl. رشا, رشى rišan, rušan, (eg.) رشاوى rašāwā bribe; bribery, corruption, dishonesty

رشاء rišā’ rope, well rope

ارتشاء irtišā’ venality, corruptibility; bribery, corruption

رص raṣṣa u (rašṣ) to fit tightly together, press together, compress (هـ s.th.); to ram, force ( هـ s.th. into the ground); to pile up, stack up (هـ s.th.); to join together, line up, align, arrange .ide by side (هـ s.th.) II to fit tightly together, press together, compress (هـ s.th.); to ram home (هـ s.th.); to coat or cover with lead (هـ s.th.) VI to be pressed together, be packed together; to press together, crowd together; to be or become compact

رصاص raṣāṣ lead; bullets | قلم رصاص qalam r. pencil

رصاصة raṣāṣa (n. un.) pellet; bullet

رصاصي raṣāṣī lead, (made) of lead; leady; leaden, lead-colored, dull gray

رصيص raṣīṣ compressed, closely packed, jammed together; compact

O تراص tarāṣṣ agglutination

رصد raṣada u (raṣd) to keep one’s eyes (هـ, ه on); to lie in wait (ه for); to observe (هـ s.th.). watch (هـ s.th. or over s.th.), control (هـ s.th.); to conjure (ه demon) | رصد الأفلاك to observe the stars, practice astronomy II to provide, set aside, earmark (هـ funds); to prepare, keep ready (هـ s.th.); to balance (الحساب the account; com.) IV to keep ready (هـ s.th.); to provide, set aside, earmark (هـ ل s.th., esp. funds, for); to procure, get (هـ s.th.) V ترصد الأفلاك to observe the stars, practice astronomy

رصد raṣd, raṣad pl. ارصاد arṣād observation | رصد الأفلاك r. al-aflāk stargazing, astronomy; ارصاد جوية (jawwīya) meteorological observation; تقرير الأرصاد weather report

رصدخانة raṣdakāna observatory

رصد raṣad pl. ارصاد arṣād spy, watcher, watchdog; lookout, observation post; ambush; talisman

رصاد raṣṣād: رصاد الجو r. al-jaww meteorologist

رصيد raṣīd pl. ارصدة arṣida stock on hand (of merchandise, of supplies); avaible funds; balance (com.; also = remainder of a sum to be paid later); capital (fin.) | شيك يدون رصيد uncovered check, check without sufficient covering funds

مرصد marṣad pl. مراصد marāṣid 2 observatory | مرصد جوي (jawwī) meteorological station, weather station

O مرصد marṣad telescope

مرصاد mirṣād observation post, look-out; ambush | وقف المرصاد to lie in wait; كان منه بالمرصاد and وقف له بالمرصاد to lie in ambush for s.o., waylay s.o.

راصد rāṣid registering; (pl. رصاد ruṣṣād) watcher, watchdog, spy |O خزينة راصدة cash register; O ميزان راصد (mīzān) self-registering balance

راصدة rāṣida: راصدة فلكية (falakīya) telescope

مبلغ مرصود mablag marṣūd security, cover (fin.)

رصع II to inlay, set, stud (هـ s.th., ب with gems or gold); to adorn, decorate, ornament (هـ ب s.th. with)

رصف raṣafa u (raṣf) to pave, lay with stone (هـ s.th.); -- raṣufa u (رصافة raṣāfa) to be firmly joined II to lay with flagstones, pave (هـ s.th.)

رصف raṣf paving (of roads)

رصيف raṣīf firmly joined, firm, solid, compact; -- (pl. ارصفة arṣifa) pavement; sidewalk; quay; wharf, pier; mole, jetty; platform; (pl. رصفاء ruṣafā’) colleague |رصيف المحطة r. al-maḥaṭṭa (railway) platform; رصيف لأعمال الحفر في البحر (li-a‘māli l-ḥafr fī l-baḥr) offshore drilling platform (for oil drilling); عوائد الرصيف ‘awā’id ar-r. quayage, pierage, wharfage

رصيفة raṣīfa pl. -āt woman colleague |رصيفتنا الغراء (garrā’) a phrase of courtesy used by one newspaper when referring to another; approx.: our honorable friends

رصافة raṣāfa firmness compactness

مرصوف marṣūf paved (ب with)

رصن raṣuna u (رصانة raṣāna) to be firm, strong; to be sedate, calm, composed

رصين raṣīn firm, unshakable; sedate, calm, composed

رصانة raṣāna sedateness, composure, calmness, equanimity

رض raḍḍa u (raḍḍ) to crush (هـ s.th.); to bruise (هـ a part of the body)

رض raḍḍ pl. رضوض ruḍūḍ bruise, contusion

رضيض raḍīḍ crushed; bruised

رضاب ruḍāb spittle, saliva

رضخ raḍaka a i (raḍk) to break, smash, shatter (هـ s.th.); to crack (هـ a kernel); -- raḍaka a (raḍk) to give (هـ s.o.) a small, paltry present; -- (ruḍūk) to yield, bow, give in, subordinate o.s., submit (ل to s.o., to s.th.) VIII ارتضخ لكنة (luknatan) to speak Arabic with a foreign accent

رضخ raḍk, رضخة raḍka a small, paltry gift

رضيحة raḍīka a small, paltry gift; tip, baksheesh

رضوخ ruḍūk submission, surrender; yielding, compliance; sympathetic understanding (ل of)

مرضاح mirḍāk nutcracker

رضرض raḍraḍa to break into coarse pieces, pound, crush (هـ s.th.)

رضراض raḍrāḍ pebbles, gravel

رضع raḍi‘a a and raḍa‘a i a (raḍ‘, رضاع raḍā‘) to suck (ثدي أمه tadya ummihī at its mother’s breast) II and IV to nurse at the breast, suckle, breast-feed (ه a baby)

رضيع raḍī‘ pl: رضعاء ruḍa‘ā‘2, رضائع raḍā’i‘2 suckling, infant, baby; foster brother

O رضاعة raḍā‘a pl. -āt nursing bottle

رضاع riḍā‘ foster relationship

راضع rāḍi‘ pl. رضع ruḍḍa‘ sucking; suckling, infant, baby; infant (adj.)

مرضع murḍi‘ and مرضعة murḍi‘a pl. مراضع marāḍi‘2 wet nurse; foster mother

رضه abbreviation of رضي الله عنه see رضى

رضا see رضى riḍan

رضي raḍiya a (رضى riḍan, رضوان riḍwān, مرضاة marḍāh) to be satisfied, be content (هـ, ب or في with); to consent, agree (هـ, ب or في to); to approve (هـ, ب or في of), accept, sanction (هـ, ب or في s.th.); to accept the fact, resign o.s. to the fact (ان that); to be pleased (هـ, على or عن with); to wish, desire (هـ s.th., ل for s.o.) |رضي لنفسه ب (li-nafsihī) to permit o.s. s.th.; ما رضي لها المذلة (madalla) he had no desire to humiliate her; رضي او ابى (au abā) whether he likes it or not; رضي الله عته (Isl. eulogy) may God be pleased with him; رضي من الغنيمة بالإياب (iyāb) to be content to return without booty, be happy to have saved one’s skin n to satisfy, gratify, please (ه s.o.); to compensate (ه s.o.) III to seek to satisfy, try to please (ه s.o.); to propitiate, conciliate, win (ه s.o.), gain the good will of (ه ) IV to satisfy, gratify, please (ه s.o.) V to seek to satisfy, try to please (ه s.o.); to seek to propitiate (ه s.o.); to conciliate. appease (ه s.o.) VI to come to terms VIII to be satisfied, content, pleased (هـ with); to consent, agree (هـ to s.th.); to approve (هـ of s.th.), sanction (هـ s.th.) X to seek to satisfy, try to conciliate, treat in a conciliatory manner (ه s.o.); to conciliate, appease (ه s.o.); to show o.s. obliging, make o.s. popular, ingratiate o.s., try to gain good will or favor

رضى , رضا riḍan contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, acceptance, approval; pleasure, delight; good will, favor |عن رضى readily, gladly; سريع الرضى easy to please, easily reconciled

رضي raḍīy pl. ارضياء arḍiyā’2 satisfied, content; pleasant, agreeable |بنفس راضية (bi-nafs) gladly

رضوان riḍwān consent, assent, agreement, acceptance, approval, sanction; good will, favor; pleasure, delight

مرضاة marḍāh a means affording satisfaction or gratification; satisfaction, pleasure

ترضية tarḍiya satisfaction, gratification; compensation

رضاء riḍā’ contentment, contentedness, satisfaction; agreement, consent, assent, acceptance, approval, sanction; propitiation, conciliation

بالمراضاة bi-l-murāḍāh by fair means, amicably

إرضاء irḍā’ satisfaction, gratification; fulfillment (of a claim, of a desire) |صعب الارضاء ṣa‘b al-i. hard to please, fastidious

تراض tarāḍin mutual consent

استرضاء istirḍā’ conciliatory attitude, conciliatoriness; propitiation, conciliation

استرضائي istirḍā’ī conciliatory

راض rāḍin pl. رضاة ruḍāh satisfied, content; agreeing, consenting; willing, ready; pleasant, agreeable (life)

مرض murḍin satisfactory; satisfying; pleasant, pleasing, gratifying, sufficient

رطب raṭiba a and raṭuba u (رطوبة ruṭūba, رطابة raṭāba) to be moist, damp, humid; to be wet II to moisten (هـ s.th.); to cool, refresh; to soothe, soften, calm (القلب al-qalba the heart); to become succulent, mellow, ripen (dates) IV to moisten (هـ s.th.); to become succulent, mellow, ripen (dates) V to be moistened; to be cooled, be refreshed; to be soothed, be softened, be calmed

رطب raṭb moist, damp, humid; wet; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender (plant)

رطب ruṭab (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. ارطاب arṭāb, رطاب riṭāb fresh, ripe dates

رطيب raṭīb pl. رطاب riṭāb moist, damp, humid; fresh, cool; juicy, succulent, tender (plant)

رطوبة rṭūba moisture, dampness, humidity; wetness

راطب rāṭib moist, damp, humid; wet

مرطبات muraṭṭibat refreshments, soft drinks

رطل raṭl pl. ارطال arṭāl rotl, a weight (in Eg. = 449.28 g; in Syr. = 3.202 kg, in Beirut and Aleppo = 2.566 kg)

رطم raṭama u (raṭm) to involve, implicate, drag (ه في s.o. into s.th. unpleasant) VIII to tumble, fall, plunge (في into); to stick fast, be stuck; to be involved, be entangled (في in s.th.); to run aground, strand (ship); to bump, hit, crash (ب against)

O مرطم marṭam breakwater, mole, jetty

رطن raṭana u (رطانة raṭāna, riṭāna) to speak unintelligible language, talk gibberish, jabber

رطانة raṭāna, riṭāna lingo, gibberish

رطينى rujainā lingo, gibberish

رعاع ra‘ā‘ rabble, mob, riffraff, scum, ragtag; rowdies, hooligans

رعب ra‘aba a (ru‘b) to be alarmed, terrified; to be afraid, be scared II and IV to frighten, scare, terrify (ه s.o.) VIII to become frightened, become alarmed, be afraid

رعب ru‘b fright, alarm, dismay

ارعاب ir‘āb frightening, intimidation

راعب rā‘ib dreadful, horrifying, terrible

مرعوب mar‘ūb frightened, terrified, appalled, afraid

مرعب mur‘ib frightening, terrifying, terrible, horrible, dreadful

رعد ra‘ada a u (ra‘d) to thunder; to appall (ل ب s.o. with) IV to make (ه s.o.) tremble; pass. ur‘ida to shudder, shiver, tremble (من with, e.g., with fear) VIII to tremble

رعد ra‘d pl. رعود ru‘ūd thunder

رعدة ra‘da, ri‘da tremor; shudder; shiver

رعاد ra‘‘ād (coll.; n. un. ة ) electric ray (zool.)

رعديد ri‘dīd pl. رعاديد ra‘ādīd2 cowardly; coward

رعرع ra‘ra‘a to come into the prime of life (youth) II tara‘ra‘a to grow, develop, flourish, thrive

رعرع ra‘ra‘, ru‘rū‘ pl. رعارع ra‘āri‘2 in full bloom

رعراع ايوب ra‘rā‘ ayyūb (eg.) a variety of fleabane (Pulicaria arabica Coss., Pulicarla inuloides D.C.; bot.)

رعش ra‘aša a (ra‘š) and ra’iša a (ra’aš) to tremble, shake IV to make (ه s.o.) tremble; to make (ه s.o.) shiver VIII = ra’aša

رعشة ri‘ša tremor |رعشة الحمى r. al-ḥummā feverish shiver

ارتعاش irti‘āš tremor, trembling

رعص V and VIII to writhe, wind, coil

رعف ra‘afa u a and ra‘ifa a: رعف انفه (anfahū) to have a nosebleed

رعاف ru‘āf and رعيف ra‘īf nosebleed

راعف rā‘if tip of the nose

رعلة ru‘la wreath

رعيل ra‘īl pl. رعال ri‘āl squadron of armored, motorized, or cavalry troops (Syr., Ir.; mil.)

رعام ru‘ām gladers

رعمسيس ra‘amsīs Ramses (name of Eg. kings)

رعن ra‘ana u (رعونة ru‘ūna) to be lightheaded, frivolous; -- ra‘ana u (ra‘n): رعنته الشمس ra‘anathu š-šamsu to have a sunstroke

رعن ra‘n sunstroke; -- (pl. رعان ri‘ān) mountain peak

ارعن ar‘an2 lightheaded, frivolous, flippant, rash, heedless, careless; stupid, silly; thoughtless; unsteady, fickle, volatile

رعونة ru‘ūna pl. -āt levity, frivolity, flippancy; thoughtlessness

رعا (رعو ) ra‘ā u (ra‘w, رعوة ra‘wa, ru‘wa, رعوى ra‘wā, ru‘wā) and IX ارعوى ir‘awā to desist (من or عن from sin, from error), repent, see the light |ارعوى عن غيه (gayyihī) to repent, turn over a new leaf

رعوى ra‘wā, ru‘wā repentance, amendment, conversion

رعوى ra‘awī and رعوية see رعى

رعى ra‘ā a (ra‘y, رعاية ri‘āya, مرعى mar‘an) to graze; to tend (هـ a flock of animals); -- (ra‘y, رعاية ri‘āya) to guard, protect, take under one’s wing (ه s.o.); to care (هـ, ه for), take care (هـ, ه of); to watch (هـ over); to male a point (هـ of s.th.), make it one’s business; to observe, bear in mind, heed, respect (هـ s.th.); to adhere (هـ to), comply (هـ with), abide (e.g., عهدا ‘ahdan or معاهدة mu‘āhadatan by a treaty or an agreement, etc.); to take into consideration (هـ s.th.), allow (هـ for s.th.) in to supervise, watch, control (هـ s.th.), keep an eye (هـ on); to maintain, keep up, preserve (هـ s.th.); to observe, bear in mind, heed, respect (هـ s.th.), comply (هـ with, e.g., with regulations); to take into consideration, take into account (هـ s.th.), allow, make allowance (هـ for s.th.); to show deference, regard or respect (ه for s.o.); to make provision, see to it (ان that) |راعى خاطره (kāṭirahū) to defer to s.o., respect s.o.’s feelings or wishes IV ارعيته سمعى ar‘aituhū sam‘ī I listened to him; ارعنى سمعك ar‘inī sam‘aka listen to me! ارعى هـ نظره (naẓarahū) to follow s.th. attentively with one’s eyes VIII to graze, pasture (cattle) X to attract (نظره naẓarahū s.o.’s eyes, انتباهه intibāhahū s.o.’s attention); to observe (هـ s.th.)

رعى ra‘y care, keeping, custody, guardianship; protection; observance (ل of), adherence (ل to, e.g., to agreements) | رعيا لك God be with you!

رعية ra‘īya pl. رعايا ra‘āyā herd, flock; parish (Chr.); subjects, citizens; a subject, a citizen

رعوي ra‘awī, رعاوى ra‘āwī and رعائى ra‘ā’ī pastoral, bucolic | كنيسة رعائية parish church (Chr.); رسالة رعائية pastoral letter (Chr.)

مرعى mar‘ā pl. مراع marā‘in grassland, grazing land; pasture

رعاية ri‘āya keeping, custody, charge, care; attention, consideration, regard; patronage, auspices, sponsorship, protectorate |تحت رعاية under the auspices of, sponsored by; مركز رعاية الطفل markaz r. al-ṭifl health center for children (Eg.); شرط معاملة الدول الأكثر رعاية šarṭ mu‘āmalat ad-duwal al-aktar ri‘āyatan most-favored nation clause

مراعاة murā‘āh consideration, regard, deference, respect; compliance (with), observance (e.g., of regulations, of duties, etc.) | مراعاة ل (murā‘atan) in deference to, out of regard for, for the lab of; in observance of; مراعاة لخواطرهم out of deference to them, out of regard for their feelings, wishes, etc.; مع مراعاة هذا taking this into account, bearing this in mind

راع rā‘in pl. رعاة ru‘āh, رعيان ru‘yān, رعاء ru‘ā’, ri‘ā’ shepherd, herdsman; guardian, keeper, protector; patron, sponsor; pastor (Chr.)

مرعى mar‘ā observed, complied with

رغب ragiba a (رغبة ragba, رغب ragab) to desire, wish, want, crave, covet (في s.th.); to ask (من or الى s.o., في for s.th., ان to do s.th.), request (في s.th.; من or الى s.o., ان to do s.th.); to prefer (في على s.th. to, also ب عن s.th. to), like s.th. (في , also ب ) better than (على , also عن ); to dislike, detest, loathe (عن s.th.), have a distaste (عن for); to wish (ل ب s.o. s.th.) |لا يرغب فيه (yurgabu) undesirable II to make (ه s.o.) desirous (في of), awaken a desire, a wish (ه في in s.o. for); to interest (ه في s.o. in s.th.), excite s.o.’s (ه ) interest in (في ); to awaken an aversion (ه عن in s.o. to s.th.) IV = II

رغب ragab: رغبا ورهبا ragaban wa-rahaban torn between greed and fear

رغبة ragba pl. ragabāt wish, desire, longing, appetite (في for)

رغيبة ragība pl. رغائب ragā’ib2 object of desire, desideratum; wish, desire

ترغيب targīb awakening of a desire or longing (في for); incitement to covetousness; invitation, attraction

راغب rāgib pl. رغبة desiring, desirous |لآخر راغب li-ākiri rāgibin (sale) to the highest bidder

مرغوب margūb: مرغوب فيه coveted, sought after, in demand; desired, desirable; غير مرغوب فيه undesirable; شخص مرغوب فيه (šakṣ) persona grata, شخص غير مرغوب فيه persona non grate (dipl.); مرغوب عنه undesirable, unwanted, objectionable, loathsome

مرغبات muraggibāt attractions, lures, advantages

رغث ragaṭa a (rugt) to suck (ها at the mother’s teats; said of animals)

رغوث ragūt unweaned young female animal

رغد raguda u (رغادة ragāda) and ragida (rugd) to be pleasant, comfortable, carefree (life)

رغد ragd easy, carefree, pleasant, agreeable (life) | عيش رغد (‘aiš) a life of plenty and opulence

رغيد ragīd easy, carefree, pleasant, agreeable (life) | عيش رغيد (‘aiš) a life of plenty and opulence

رغد ragad comfort, opulenoe, affluence (of living)

رغادة ragāda comfort, opulence, affluence (of living)

1 رغرغ ragraga to live in opulence and luxury

2 رغرغ ragraga (= غرغر gargara) to gargle

ارغاطة urgāṭa pl. –āt, اراغيط arāgīṭ (eg.) windlass, winch; capstan

رغيف ragīf pl. ارغفة argifa, رغفان rugfān, رغف ruguf loaf of bread; roll, bun (syr.)

رغم IV to foroe, compel, coerce (ه على s.o. to do s.th.)

رغم ragma (prep.) despite, in spite of |رغم ان although, though; رغما عن ragman ‘an in spite of, despite; رغما عن انفه (anfihī) and على الرغم من انفه just to spite him, in defiance of him, against, his will; بالرغم من bi-r-rami min and بالرغم عن and على الرغم من despite, in spite of; بالرغم من كل هذا in spite of all this; بالرغم منه and على الرغم منه against s.o.’s will; against one’s own will, reluctantly, without wanting it; على رغم مني ‘alā ragmin minnī without my wanting it; بالرغم من in spite of the fact that, although; لا الا رغما lā … illā ragman only reluctantly, only with great effort

رغام ragām dust and sand

رغام rugām mucus

رغامى rugāmā windpipe, trachea (anat.)

مرغمة margama pl. مراغم marāgim2 compulsion, coercion, force; aversion, unwillingness, reluctance, dislike, distaste

ارغام irgām compulsion (على to)

راغم rāgim reluctant, unwilling |وانفه راغم (anfuhū) (as a ḥāl clause) reluctantly, grudgingly

ارغن look up alphabetically

رغا (رغو ) ragā u (ragw) to foam, froth II and IV do. |ارغى وازبد (azbada) to fume with rage

رغو ragwa, rugwa pl. رغاو ragāwin foam, froth, spume; lather; dross, slag

رغوي ragwī foamy, frothy

رغاء raggā’ windbag (fig., of a person); garrulous; chatterbox, prattler

رغاوة rugāwā foam, froth, spume

راغ : ما له ثاغية ولا راغية (tāgiya) he has absolutely nothing, he is devoid of all resources, prop.: he has neither a bleating (sheep) nor a braying (camel)

رف raffa i (raff, رفيف rafīf) to gleam, shimmer, glisten, glitter; -- u i (raff) to quiver, twitch; to flicker; to flap the wings (bird); to flutter; to wave, stream; to flash, flare for a moment; to appear suddenly; -- u I to be anxious to please (ل s.o.). serve (ل s.o.) diligently |رف على ذاكرته it flashed through his mind, it occurred to him all of a sudden

رف raff flight, covey (of birds)

رف raff pl. رفوف rufūf, رفاف rifāf shelf; rack; ledge | وضعه على الرف to shelve s.th., put s.th. aside

رفاف raffāf radiant, flashing, sparkling, glistening

رفأ rafa’a a (raf’) to mend, repair, patch (هـ clothing), sew up, fine-draw (هـ a rent), darn (هـ socks); to drag (هـ a boat) on shore

رفاء raffā’ darner, fine-drawer

رفاء rifā’ (marital) harmony, love |بالرفاء والبنين (banīn) live in harmony and beget sons! (felicitation to newlyweds)

مرفأ marfa’ pl. مرافئ marāfi’2 landing place wharf, quay; port, harbor

1 رفت rafata i u (raft) to break, smash, crush (هـ s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline (هـ s.th.); to dismiss, discharge (هـ s.o. from service)

رفت raft dismissal, discharge (from service)

رفت rufāt mortal remains, body (of a person)

2 رفتية raftīya transit duty; clearance certificate, clearance papers (com.)

رفث rafata i u to behave in an obscene manner

رفث rafat obscenity

رفح rafaḥ Rafah (town in S Gaza sector)

رفد rafada i (rafd) to support, aid, help (ه s.o.); to support, uphold, carry (ه s.th.) IV to support, aid, help (ه s.o.) X to ask (ه s.o.) for support, appeal (ه to s.o.) for help

رفد rifd pl. رفود rufūd, ارفاد arfād present, gift; support

رفادة rifāda dressing, bandage (over a wound); saddlecloth, pad

رافد rāfid pl. روافد rawāfid2 tributary stream; الرافدان ar-rāfidān (Euphrates and Tigris = ) Mesopotamia, Iraq

رافدة rāfida pl. روافد rawāfid2 support, prop; rafter

رفرف rafrafa to flap the wings (bird); to flutter (flag, wings, or the like); to blow (wind); to blindfold (هـ the eyes)

رفرف rafrāf pl. رفارف rafārif 2 cushion, pad; eyeshade, visor (of a cap); fender (of an automobile)

رفروف rafrūf pl. رفاريف rafārīf2 eye bandage

رفس rafasa i u (rafs) to kick (ه s.o.)

رفس rafsa (n. vic.) kick

رفاس raffās steam launch, steamboat; motor tug; O propeller

رفش rafš shovel, spade

رفاص raffāṣ (= رفاس raffās) steam launch, steamboat

رفض rafaḍa i u (rafḍ) to leave, abandon (هـ s.th.); to discard, dismiss (هـ s.th.); to reject, turn down, decline, refuse to accept (هـ s.th.) IV to finish, conclude, terminate V to he bigoted, fanatic IX to scatter, disperse, break up; to disappear, cease (e.g., pain); to drip (sweat)

رفض rafḍ dismissal; rejection, refusal, nonacceptance

رفيض rafīḍ abandoned; rejected, dismissed

ترفض taraffuḍ bigotry, fanaticism

رافضة rāfiḍa pl. روافض rawāfiḍ2 turncoats, renegades, dissenters, defectors; troops having deserted their leader; Rafidites, a Shiitio sect

رافضي rāfiḍī pl. ارفاض arfāḍ apostate, renegade, turncoat; Rafidite; disloyal, rebellious; bigoted, fanatical

رفع rafa‘a a (raf‘) to lift, lift up, raise aloft, heave up, hoist up (هـ s.th.); to raise (هـ s.th., e.g., one’s head, also fig.: e.g., the intellectual level, a price); to raise in esteem (هـ s.th.); to make high or higher (هـ s.th.); to elevate (هـ s.th.); to heighten, exalt, enhance (هـ s.th.); to raise, promote (ه الى s.o. to the rank of); to fly, let up (هـ , e.g., a kite); to hoist, run up (علما ‘alaman or راية rāyatan a flag); to take off, doff, tip (قبعته qubba‘atahū one’s hat); to place, fasten or attach (هـ s.th.) high above; to erect, set up (هـ s.th.); to raise (صوته ṣautahū one’s voice); to remove, take away (عن or هـ من s.th. from); to abolish, eliminate (هـ s.th.); to lift (هـ s.th., e.g., a ban), put an end (هـ to s.th.); to remedy (هـ a mistake); to free, relieve (عن هـ s.o. of s.th.); to put s.th. (هـ ) before s.o. (الى ), submit (ه الى s.th., e.g., a petition, to), file (هـ الى a report, and the like, with a proper authority); to present, dedicate (هـ الى s.th. to s.o.); to offer up (هـ sacrifices; Chr.); to make, deliver (تقريرا a report); to start, initiate (قضية qaḍīyata legal action); to ascribe (هـ الى a Prophetic tradition to an authority or source); (gram.) to pronounce the final consonant with u; to put (هـ a word) in the nominative or indicative, respectively; pass. rufi‘a it appeared, came in sight, became visible (ل before s.o.); رفع عنه rufi‘a ‘anhu he regained consciousness |رفع شيئا فوق شيء to put s.th. before or above s.th. else; رفع به رأسا (rafa‘a) to pay attention to s.th.; رفع من شأنه (min ša’nihī) to enhance the importance of s.th.; to speak of s.th. in glowing terms; رفع من مكانته (makānatihī) to upgrade s.th.; رفع يديه عنه (yadaihī) to desist, refrain from s.th.; رفع الدعوى عليه (da‘wā) to sue s.o., lodge a complaint against s.o. (امام in a court); رفع قضية عليه (qaḍīyatan) or رفع به قضية to bring legal action against s.o., go with s.o. to court; رفع الاستئناف to appeal, make an appeal (امام to a court) II to raise, lift;, elevate; to celebrate carnival III to act as defence counsel (عن of s.o.), defend (عن s.o., in court), plead s.o.’s (عن ) cause; to summon, hale (ه الى s.o. to court) V to be or deem o.s. above s.th. (عن ), be too proud (عن for s.th.), look down (عن upon) |ترفع برأسه to raise or bear one’s heed high VI to hale one another before the judge (الى الحاكم ); to take one’s case before the judge (الى الحاكم ); to plead (in court) VIII to rise, lift; to go up, ascend; to become higher; to grow, increase, rise; to ring out (tone, voice, tune); to go away, pass away, be eliminated, disappear (عن from) |ارتفع صوته (ṣautuhū) to gain prestige

رفع raf‘ lifting, hoisting (also, of a flag); elevation; raise, raising, stepping up (of prices, of temperatures, etc.); setting up; erection; abolition; lift, (e.g., of a ban); remedy, elimination, removal; remission (of a tax); submission, filing (e.g., of a report); pronunciation of the final consonant with u (gram.) |رفع الأثقال weight lifting (athlet.)

رفعة rif‘a height, elevation (e.g., of a structure); high rank or standing | صاحب الرفعة (formerly:) title of the Egyptian Prime Minister, رفعة رئيس الوزراء rif‘at raīs al-wuzarā’ His Excellency the Prime Minister

رفاع rifā‘ Shrovetide (Chr.)

رفيع rafī‘ high, high-ranking; lofty, exalted, sublime; loud (voice, sound); thin, fine, delicate; exquisite, refined, subtle; artistic |رفيع الشأن r. aš-ša’n approx.: exalted; formerly, in Tunisia, title of the members of the Bey’s family; صاحب المقام الرفيع (maqām) title conferred upon bearers of the order القلادة al-qilāda, established by Fu’ād I in 1936; الفنون الرفيعة (= الفنون الجميلة ) the fine arts; الرفيع والوضيع high end low (= all)

ارفع arfa‘ higher; loftier, more exalted; liner; more relined, subtler

رفيعة rafī‘a pl. رفائع rafā’i‘2 legal case brought before the competent authorities; a document submitted to a proper authority

مرفع marfa‘ Shrovetide (Chr.); carnival, pl. مرافع marāfi‘2 do.

مرفعة mirfa‘a pl. مرافع marāfi‘2 hoisting gear, crane

ترفيع tarfī‘ pl. -āt promotion (of an official); salary raise (الى to the amount of)

مرافعة murāfa‘a pl. -āt speech for the defense (in court); proceedings at law |يوم المرافعة yaum al-m. date fixed for the trial (of a case in court); قانون المرافعة (Eg.) and مجلة المرافعة majallat al-m. (Tun.) code of procedure

ترفع taraffu‘ arrogance, haughtiness, snobbery (عن toward s.th.), disdain, contempt (عن of s.th.)

ارتفاع irtifā‘ rise (e.g., of prices); elevation; increase; height, altitude (e.g., of a mountain, عن سطح البحر ‘an saṭḥI l-baḥr above sea level, etc.) | على ارتفاع at an altitude of ...

رافع rāfi‘ bearer |آلة رافعة hoisting gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; windlass, winch; crane; pump; مضخة رافعة (miḍakka) suction pump

رافعة rāfi‘a pl. روافع rawāfi‘ hoisting gear, lifting apparatus, hoist; crane; hoisting installation (mining) |O رافعة هوائية (hawā’īya) ejector; O رافعة الغام r. algām mine sweeper

مرفوع marfū‘ traceable in ascending order of traditionaries to Mohammed (Prophetic tradition); (gram.) in the nominative or indicative, respectively

مرفع muraffa‘: المرفع شأنه (ša’nuhū) = الرفيع الشأن (see رفيع rafī‘)

مرافع murāfi‘ plaintiff

مترفع mutaraffi‘ haughty, arrogant, snobbish

مرتفع murtafi‘ rising, ascending; high, elevated; resounding, ringing | سكة الحديد المرتفعة (sikkat al-ḥadīd) elevated railway

مرتفع murtafa‘ height, altitude; elevated place; O terrace; pl. -āt heights, elevations, hills

رفق rafaqa u (rifq) and rafiqa a (rafaq) to be kind, friendly, nice (ب to s.o., also على and ل ), treat gently (ب s.o.,), be courteous (ب with s.o.) III to be a companion, a comrade (ه of s.o.); to keep (ه s.o.) company; to be on intimate terms, be hand in glove, be friends, associate closely (ه with s.o.); to accompany (ه s.o.; also mus.); to escort (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV to be of use, be useful (ه to s.o.), avail, serve, help (ه s.o.); to accompany (هـ ب s.th. with);: to attach, enclose, add, append (هـ ب to s.th. s.th.) V to show o.s. kind, display a gentle, friendly attitude (ب toward s.o., also مع ), be nice (ب to s.o., also مع ); to do gently (في s.th.), proceed gently (في in) |ترفق في سيره (sairihī) to walk slowly, stroll, saunter VI to travel together VIII to profit, benefit, gain (ب from or by), make use, avail o.s., take advantage (ب of), utilize (ب s .h.); to lean one’s elbows, rest one’s arms (هـ on s.th.)

رفق rifq friendliness, kindness, gentleness | جمعية الرفق بالحيوان jam‘īyat ar-r. bi-l-ḥayawān Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals

رفقة rifqa, rufqa pl. رفاق rifāq, رفق rifaq, rufaq, ارفاق arfāq group, troop, body (of people); company | برفقة accompanied by, in the company of

رفيق rafīq pl. رفقاء rufaqā’2, رفاق rifāq companion, attendant; escort; buddy, friend; comrade (in Marxist terminology); associate, partner; accomplice; kind (ب to), mild, gentle, tender |رفيق المدرسة r. al-madrasa classmate, schoolmate

رفيقة rafīqa pl. -āt woman companion; girl friend; sweetheart; mistress, par amour

مرفق mirfaq, marfiq elbow; -- mirfaq pl. مرافق marāfiq2 anything conducive to personal ease and comfort, convenience; appurtenance (of an apartment, of a house; such as kitchen, bathroom, stable, etc.); attainment of civilization, civilizational institution; pl. مرافق attainments of civilization; conveniences; public utilities; installations; facilities |القيام على مرافقهم (qiyām) concern for their welfare; مرافق الحياة m. al-ḥayāh conveniences, anything conducive to personal ease and comfort; المرافق العامة (‘āmma) the public utilities; مرافق التكرار refining facilities (oil industry)

مرافقة murāfaqa accompaniment; escort; company, association

ارتفاق irtifāq utilization, use; usefulness, serviceableness; easement (jur.)

مرافق murāfiq pl. -ūn companion, attendant; escort; accompanist; adjutant, aide (Ir.)

مرفق به murfaq bihi attached, enclosed; pl. مرفقات enclosures (in a letter, or the like)

مرتفق murtafaq that on which one leans or rests; support; toilet, latrine

رفل rafala u (rafl) to trail a garment; to strut, swagger

رفل rifl train (of a garment)

رفه rafuha u (رفاه rafāh, رفاهة rafāha, رفاهية rafāhīya) to be comfortable, pleasant, luxurious (life) II to make (هـ life) pleasant and comfortable; to afford (ه s.o.) a pleasant, luxurious life; to be a source of ease and comfort, make things easy (على, عن for s.o.), let (على , s.o.) live in comfort; to relax (على, عن s.o.), provide recreation (على, عن for); to ease soften, mitigate (عن هـ for s.o. s.th.); to cheer up (عن s.o.), raise the spirits of (عن ); to soothe (عن the soul) |رفه عن نفسه to relax, find recreation (هـ from work); رفع على نفسه to find recreation

رفه rifh and رفاه rafāh well-being, welfare; personal ease and comfort; good living, luxury, comforts of life

رفاهة rafāha, رفاهية rafāhīya comfortable, luxurious life; luxury; comfort, comfortableness, coziness; complete relaxation and ease

ترفيه tarfīh creation of ease and luxury; habituation to luxury; providing of comfort and relaxation; recreation; (mental) relaxation |ترفيه العيش t. al-‘aiš good living, comfortable life; قسم الترفيه qism at-t. recreation department

رفا (رفو ) rafā u (rafw) to darn, mend (هـ s.th.)

رق raqqa i (رقة riqqa) to be or become thin, delicate, fine; to be tender, soft; to be pure, clear, limpid (water); to soften, relent (ل toward s.o.), have pity, feel compassion, have sympathy (ل for) |رق له قلبه (qalbuhū) he took pity on him II to make thin. thin out (هـ s.th.); to refine, make fine, soft or tender, render delicate (هـ s.th.); to polish, smooth, make elegant (هـ one’s speech); to flatten, roll out (هـ esp. metal) IV to make thin, line or tender, render delicate, refine (هـ s.th.); to soften (هـ the heart) V to soften, relent (ل toward s.o.). have pity, have sympathy (ل for), sympathize (ل with) X to be thin, fine, delicate; to soften (هـ s.th.); to enslave, make a slave (هـ s.o.)

رق raqq pl. رقوق ruqūq turtle

رق riqq quality or condition of being a slave, slavery, bondage

رق raqq, riqq parchment; riqq (eg.) tambourine

رق riqqa thinness; slenderness, slimness; fineness, delicateness, delicacy; gentleness, mildness; amiability, graciousness, friendliness |رقة الحاشية r. al-ḥāšiya friendliness, courteousness, amiability; رقة الشعور sensitivity, delicacy of feeling, tact; رقة الطبع r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kindness, gentleness, mild temper, friendliness; رقة المزاج gentleness, mild temper

رقاق ruqāq flat loaf of bread; O waffles

رقيق raqīq pl. ارقاء ariqqā’2, رقاق riqāq slave, slaves (sing. and coll.); flat loaf of bread (mid); thin; slender, slim; line, delicate; soft. tender, gentle; sensitive, tactful, discreet, prudent |تجارة الرقيق slave trade; رقيق الحال poor, needy; رقيق الحاشية (الحواشي ) r. al-ḥāšiya (al-ḥawāšī) friendly, courteous, civil, amiable; رقيق الشعور sensitive; رقيق الطبع r. aṭ-ṭab‘ kind, gentle, mild-tempered, friendly; رقيق المزاج gentlehearted

رقيقة raqīqa lamina, flake

ارق araqq2 thinner; slimmer; more delicate

مرقاق mirqāq rolling pin

مرقوق marqūq thin, flaky pastry

رقأ raqa’a a to cease to flow (tears)

رقب raqaba u (رقوب ruqūb, رقابة raqāba) to observe, watch, regard attentively (هـ s.th.); to supervise, control (هـ s.th.); to wait (هـ for), await (هـ s.th.); -- (رقوب ruqūb) to watch (هـ over s.th.), guard (هـ s.th.); to take into consideration, heed, observe, respect (هـ s.th.); to fear (ه God); to be on one’s guard, watch out, be careful |لا يرقب فيه إلا ولا ذمة (illan wa-lā dimmatan) to treat s.o. ruthlessly ill to watch, observe, regard attentively (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), keep an eye (هـ, ه on); to make out, detect (هـ s.th.); to control (هـ s.th., e.g., the traffic, the press, s.o.’s doings, etc.), supervise (هـ some work), have an eye (هـ on, e.g., on s.o.’s dealings); to fear (ه God) | راقب الله فيه (lit.: to fear God with regard to s.o.) to treat s.o. well for fear of God V to expect, anticipate, await (هـ s.th.), look forward to (هـ ), wait, look, look out (هـ, ه for); to regard (هـ s.th.), look (هـ at s.th.); to lie in wait (ه for) VIII to expect, anticipate (هـ s.th.)

رقبة riqba observation; control; attention; caution, wariness; vigilance, watchfulness

رقبة raqaba pl. -āt, رقاب riqāb neck; -- (pl. رقاب ) slave; (īsl. Law) person |O رقبة جسر r. jisr bridgehead; صلب الرقبة ṣulb ar-r. stubborn, obstinate, obstreperous; غليظ الرقبة do.; هذا في رقابهم responsibility for it rests on their shoulders; أخذ بعضهم برقاب بعض akada ba‘ḍuhum bi-r. ba‘ḍin to follow in close succession

رقوب ruqūb anticipation, expectation

رقيب raqīb pl. رقباء ruqabā’2 vigilant, watchful; guardian, keeper, warden; watcher, observer, lookout; spy; overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller, control officer; postal censor; sergeant (Syr., mil.) |رقيب اول (awwal) approx.: staff sergeant (Syr., mil.)

رقبى ruqbā donation with the proviso that it shall either revert to the donor after the donee’s death or become the property of the donee upon death of the donor (Isl. Law)

رقابة raqāba supervision, control; censorship (of the press)

رقوبة raqūba and راقوبة rāqūba (eg.) nest egg

مرقب marqab and مرقبة marqaba lofty observation post, lookout; watchtower; O observatory

مرقب mirqab telescope

مراقبة murāqaba observation; supervision; surveillance; inspection; control; censorship (of the Press); mail censorship; superintendency, controllership; zone of inspection

ترقب taraqqub expectation, anticipation

ارتقاب irtiqāb expectation, anticipation

مراقب murāqib pl. -ūn observer; overseer, supervisor, inspector; controller, control officer; censor; sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant (Eg. 1939) |مراقب تعليم m. ta‘līm a military rank (approx.: master sergeant; Eg. 1939); مراقب تعيين m. ta‘yīn a military rank (approx.: quartermaster sergeant; Eg. 1939); مراقب مدني (madanī) title of a high local official (Mor., Tun.); مراقب الخطوط linesman (soccer)

رقد raqada u (raqd, رقود ruqūd, رقاد ruqād) to sleep, be asleep; to go to bed; to lie down to rest; to lie; to rest; to abate, subside, let up, calm down (e.g., a storm); to be down, be flagging; to be dull, listless (market) |رقد على البيض (baiḍ) to sit on the eggs (hen) II to put (ه s.o.) to sleep; to make (ه s.o.) lie down; to put (ه s.o.) to bed; to lay down, stretch out (ه s.o.) IV to put to sleep (ه s.o.); to put to bed (ه a child)

رقدة raqda sleep; manner of lying, lying position

رقاد ruqād sleep; recumbency, recumbent position

رقود ruqūd sleep; recumbency, recumbent position; sleeping, sleep (pl. of the active participle)

راقود rāqūd pl. رواقيد rawāqīd2 large jug

مرقد marqad pl. مراقد marāqid2 bed; couch; resting place; mausoleum

ترقيد tarqīd (eg.) layerage (hort.) |ترقيد البيض t. al-baiḍ hatching of the eggs

ترقيد tarqīd (tarqīd) layer (hort.)

راقد rāqid pl. رقد ruqqad, رقود ruqūd sleeping, asleep; lying, reclining, recumbent; resting; quiet, dull, listless (market)

مرقد muraqqid somniferous, lulling; pl. مرقدات soporifics

رقرق raqraqa to mix. dilute (هـ wine with water) II taraqraqa to overflow (بالدموع with tears; eyes), be bathed (بالدموع in tears); to glitter, glisten, sparkle: to stir gently, breathe (wind)

رقراق raqrāq bathed (in tears), moist, misty (eyes); glittering, glistening; radiant, brilliant, resplendent

رقارق raqāriq not deep, shallow (water)

رقش raqaša u to variegate, make multicolored (هـ s.th.) II do.; to adorn, embellish, decorate (هـ s.th.)

ارقش arqaš2 variegated, multicolored, colorful

O مرقاش mirqāš pl. مراقيش marāqīš2 brush (of the painter)

رقص raqaṣ u (raqṣ) to dance; to prance (horse; على to a tune) | رقص فرحا (faraḥan) to dance with joy II to make (هـ s.o.) dance; to set (هـ s.th.) in a swinging motion; to make (هـ the heart) tremble | رقص الحناجر (prop.: to make the throats tremble) to provoke loud laughter III to dance (ها with a girl) IV = II; VI to move; to dance; to prance; to tremble (heart)

رقص raqṣ dancing, dance | معلم الرقص mu‘allim ar-r. dancing instructor

رقصة raqṣa (n. vic.) pl. raqaṣāt dance

رقاص raqqāṣ (professional) dancer; pendulum (phys.; also of a timepiece)

رقاصة female dancer; dancing girl, danseuse; ballerina

مرقص marqaṣ, pl. مراقص marāqiṣ2 dance hall, ballroom; dance, ball

راقص rāqiṣ dancer; dance, dancing (used attributively) |حفلة راقصة (ḥafla) dance, ball; موسيقى راقصة dance music; ليلة راقصة (laila) dancing party

راقصة rāqiṣa pl. -āt female dancer; O kneecap, patella

مراقصة murāqiṣa (female) dancing partner

رقط II to speckle, spot (هـ s.th.)

ارقط arqaṭ2 speckled, spotted; leopard

رقع raqa‘a a (raq‘) to patch (هـ a garment); -- raqu‘a u (رقاعة raqā‘a) to be stupid II = raqa‘a

رقعة ruq‘a pl. رقع ruqa‘, رقاع riqā‘ patch; piece of cloth; piece of land, terrain or ground; area; lot, plot of land; ground (of a flag); chessboard; slip of paper, piece of paper; note, brief message; ticket; coupon; bond, security; a cursive style of calligraphy

رقيع raqī‘ stupid, silly, foolish; impudent, impartment, shameless; (pl. ارقعة arqi‘a) firmament

رقاعة raqā‘a stupidity, foolishness folly

مرقعة marqa‘a and مرقعية marqa‘īya tatters, rags

ترقيع tarqī‘ patching |ترقيع القرنية t. al-qarnīya transplantation of the cornea (mid.)

مرقعات muraqqa‘āt fragments

رقم raqama u (raqm) to write (هـ s.th.); to point, provide with points (هـ a text); to brand (هـ a hone); to imprint (هـ a trace, a mark); to mark (هـ s.th.); to stripe (هـ a fabric); to number (هـ s.th.) II to point, provide with points (هـ a text); to stripe, streak (هـ s.th.); to rule (هـ s.th.); to number (هـ s.th.)

رقم raqm pl. ارقام arqām numeral; number, No. |الأرقام الهندية (hindīya) the numerals of the Arabs; رقم القياس r. al-qiyās or رقم قياسي (qiyāsī) record (athlet.), سجل رقما قياسيا (sajjala) to set a record (athlet.)

رقيم raqīm inscription tablet; letter, message

مرقم mirqam pl. مراقم marāqim2 drawing pencil, crayon; (painter’s) brush

ترقم tarqīm pointing; numbering, numeration

مرقم marqūm pl. مراقم marāqīm2 striped blanket

رقوص II taraqwaṣa (syr.) to toss, fling o.s. about

رقى raqiya a (raqy, ruqīy) to ascend (الى or في s.th. or to s.th.); to climb, mount, scale (هـ s.th.); to rise (in rank), advance, he promoted; to date back, go hack (الى to a bygone era); رقي به to lead s.o. up; to further, promote, encourage s.th.; - raqa i (رقية ruqya) to use magic or incantations (ه on s.o., من against s.th.) II to cause to ascend; to promote (ه s.o.); to raise, further, promote, advance (هـ s.th.) V to ascend, rise, advance, progress VIII to ascend, rise; to ascend (هـ s.th.; also. e.g., العرش al-‘arša the throne), climb (هـ s.th., on s.th., also العربة al-‘araba into the carriage); to advance, he promoted (الى منصب ilā manṣib to an office); to rise, increase (الى to the number of); to advance, rise, show an upward trend, develop upward; to date hack. go hack (الى to a given time)

رقي ruqīy rise, progress, upward development; الرقي به promotion, encouragement, furtherance of s.th.

رقية ruqya pl. رقى ruqan spell, charm, magic; incantation

رقاء raqqā’ magician, sorcerer

ارقى arqā higher, superior; more advanced, more progressed

مرقاة marqāh pl. مراق marāqin stairs, staircase; O elevator, lift

ترقية tarqiya raising; -- (pl. -āt) promotion (in rank); elevation; promotion, furtherance, encouragement, advancement; extension, development, improvement

ترق taraqqin pl. taraqqiyāt ascension; ascent; advance, advancement; progress, rise, progressive development

ارتقاء irtiqā‘ climbing, mounting; ascension; ascent; progress, rise, progressive development |ارتقاء العرش irt. al-‘arš accession to the throne

راق rāqin ascending, rising; high, high-ranking; superior, high-grade, high-class, of high standard; educated. refined; advanced |الطبقة الراقية (ṭabaqa) the upper class

راق rāqin pl. رقاة ruqāh magician, sorcerer

مرتق murtaqin high, superior, advanced (esp. intellectually)

مرتقى murtaqan ascent, rise

1 رك rakka i (rakk, ركة rikka, ركاكة rakāka) to be weak, feeble; to be poor, meager, scanty; -- u (rakk): رك الشيء في عنقه (fī ‘unuqihī) to saddle s.o. with the responsibility for s.th., thrust s.th. upon s.o.

ركة rikka weakness feebleness

ركيك rakīk pl. ركاك rikāk, رككة rakaka weak, feeble; thin; colorless, pallid (e.g., style); scanty, meager, poor, pitiful

ركاك rukāk weak, feeble

ركاكة rakāka weakness, feebleness; lowliness; inadequacy, poorness; colorlessness, pallor (e.g., of style)

2 ركة rukka distaff |طب الركة ṭibb ar-r. (eg.) popular treatment of illnesses by means of charms and incantations, practiced by women

ركب rakiba a (ركوب rukūb) to ride (هـ an animal); to mount (هـ an animal); to go, travel (هـ in a carriage, in an automobile, on a train, on board a ship, etc.), ride (هـ in a vehicle, on a bicycle); to get, climb (هـ into a carriage, on a bicycle, etc.), board (هـ a train, an airplane, a ship, etc.); to pursue (ه s.o.), be after s.o. (ب with s.th.); to engage (هـ in), embark (هـ on); to commit, perpetrate (هـ a sin, a crime); to master (هـ s.th.) | ركب البحر (baḥr) to travel by sea; ركبا الحياة (ḥayāh) to master life; ركب الخطر (kaṭar) to embark on a risky undertaking; ركب خيوله الحربية (kuyūlahū l-ḥarbīya) to get on one’s high horse; ركب ذنب الريح (danaba r-rīḥ) to speed along like the wind; ركب رأسه (ra’sahū) to act at one’s disoretion; to act rashly, follow a whim; ركب السيارة (sayyāra) to go by car, travel in an automobile; ركب الشطط (šaṭaṭ) to commit excesses, go too far; ركب الطيارة (ṭayyāra) to fly, go by plane; ركب متن العنف (matna l-‘unf) to commit acts of violence; ركب مركب الخطل (markaba l-kaṭal) to make a foolish mistake, commit a folly; to embark on a reckless course, do irresponsible things; ركب مطية الإخفاق (maṭīyata l-ikfāq) to back the wrong horse, be on the losing side, fail; ركب الأهوال (ahwāl) to defy the horrors; ركب الهواء (hawā’) to fly, travel by air; ركب هواه (hawāhu) to follow one’s whim II to make (ه s.o.) ride; to put, place, fasten, mount (هـ على s.th. on); to fit, mount, insert, set (هـ في s.th. in. e.g., a precious stone in a ring); to build in (هـ a machine part); to assemble (هـ e.g., the parts of an apparatus); to set up (هـ a machine); to install (هـ s.th.; techn.), lay (هـ an electric line, and the like); to assemble, put together, fit together (هـ s.th.); to make, prepare (هـ s.th. out of several components or ingredients); to construct, build (هـ e.g., a technical apparatus) IV to make (ه s.o.) ride or mount |اركبه رأسه وهواه (ra’sahū wa-hawāhu) to let s.o. have his head, let s.o. do as he pleases V to be composed, be made up, consist (من of) VI to be superimposed one upon another VIII to commit, perpetrate (هـ a sin, a crime); to pursue, practice (هـ s.th. | ارتكب شططا (šaṭaṭan) to overdo s.th., go too far

ركب rakb riders, horsemen, cavalcade; caravan; traveling party; retinue, escort; procession, troop (of people)

ركبة rukba pl. ركب rukab, -āt knee |ابو الركب abū r-rukab dengue, breakbone fever (med.)

ركاب rikāb pl. ركب rukub stirrup; (pl. -āt, ركب rukub, ركائب rakā’ib2) riding

Camel, riding animal, mount |حل ركابه بأرضنا ḥalla rikābuhū bi-arḍinā he has arrived on our soil; هو في ركابه he is his loyal follower, he doge his footsteps; سار في ركابه do.; to cling to s.o.’s heels, be blindly subservient to s.o.

ركوب rakūb mount, riding animal

ركوبة rakūba pl. ركائب rakā’ib2 mount, female riding camel

ركوب rukūb (horseback, camelback, etc.) riding; traveling (in a vehicle, by sea, by air, etc.); mounting (of a bicycle, of a horse, etc.), boarding (of a train, of a ship, etc.) |ركوب البحر r. al-baḥr navigation; ركوب الهواء r. al-hawā’ flying, aviation

ركاب rakkāb one who rides frequently, (professional) horseman or rider, jockey

ركبان rukbān retinue, escort |ذكره سار به الركبان (dikruhū) approx.: his fame has spread far and wide

مركب markab pl. مراكب marāk2 ship, boat, vessel |مركب بخاري (bukārī) steamship, steamer; مرك īحربي (ḥarbī) warship, man-of-war; مركب دوري (daurī) patrol boat; مركب شراعي (širā‘ī) sailing vessel, sailboat; مركب لصيد m. aṣ-ṣaid fishing smack, trawler; مركب النقل m. an-naql freighter, transport

مركبة markaba pl. -āt vehicle; carriage, cab

مراكبى marākibī pl. marākibīya boatman; ferryman

تركيب tarkīb pl. -āt, تراكيب tarākīb2 fitting in, insertion, setting; building in; fastening, mounting; assembling, assembly; final assembly; installation (e.g., of a telephone extension); composition; making, preparation (out of several components or ingredients); construction, building (techn.); structure; constitution, build, physique; -- (pl. تراكيب tarākīb2) phrase, idiom; construction (gram.)

تركيبي tarkībī constructive, constructional

ارتكاب irtikāb perpetration (of a sin or crime)

راكب rākib riding, on horseback, mounted; riding, traveling (in a vehicle); (pl. ركاب rukkāb, ركبان rukbān) rider, horseman; (pl. ركاب rukkāb) passenger, occupant (of a conveyance) |راكب دراجة r. darrāja cyclist

مركوب markūb pl. مراكيب marākīb2 riding animal, mount; (eg., syr.) red-leather shoes |ابو مركوب abū m. (eg.) shoebill (Balaeniceps rex; zool.)

مركبات murakkabāt components, constituents, elements, ingredients (esp. chem.)

مركب murakkab mounted, fastened, fixed (على on); fitted, inserted, set (في in); built-in; assembled; made up, composed, consisting (من of); compound. composite; complex; bound, not free; -- (pl. -āt) composition; a compound (chem.); a composite; a complex (psychol.); medication, medicament | ربح مركب (ribḥ) compound interest; مركب كيميائي (kīmiyā’ī) chemical compound; مركب نقص m. naqṣ inferiority complex

مرتكب murtakib perpetrator (of a crime)

ركد rakada u (ركود rukūd) to be motionless, still, stagnant

ركود rukūd suspension, standstill, stagnation; sluggishness; stillness, tranquility

راكد rākid stagnant; sluggish

ركز rakaza u i (rakz) to plant or ram in the ground, set up (هـ s.th., e.g., a pole); to fix, embed firmly (هـ s.th.) II to plant or ram in the ground, set up, (هـ s.th., e.g., a pole); to position, emplace (هـ s.th.); to fix, embed firmly (هـ s.th.); to cause to take root, naturalize (هـ s.th.); to concentrate (هـ s.th., also one’s thoughts, في on) V to concentrate; تركز tarakkaz ready! (starter’s command; athlet.) VIII to be implanted; to settle permanently, stay (في at a place); to lean, support one’s weight (على or الى on); to he fastened, be mounted (على on); to be based, rest (على on); to concentrate (في on); to gravitate (في to)

ركز rikz sound, tone

ركزة rakza pause, rest, break

ركاز rikāz pl. اركزة arkiza, ركزان rikzān precious minerals, buried treasures of the earth

ركيزة rakīza pl. ركائز rakā’iz2 treasure; support, brace, shore, stanchion; pillar, pier; post, pile; shoring

مركز markaz pl. مراكز marākiz2 foothold; stand, station; place where s.o. is posted or stationed; post; (police, etc.) station; office, branch office (com.); locality where s.th. takes place, scene, site, seat; position (mil.); headquarters; main office, central office; central exchange (telephone); center (of a circle and fig.); focus; markaz, an administrative district (subdivision of a mudīrīya, Eg.); position, situation, office, post; (social, financial, official, etc.) status, standing; power, position (of a country); situation | مركز اساسي (asāsī) starting point, basis; مركز البوليس police station; مراكز حيوية (ḥayawīya) vital centers; مركز الإدارة m. al-idāra main office, central office, headquarters; مركز الداء m. ad-dā’ the seat of the disease O مركز الإذاعة m. al-idā‘a broadcasting station; مركز رئيسي main office, headquarters; مركز الرياسة m. ar-riyāsa central command post; مركز رياسة الجيش m. riyāsat al-jaiš Supreme Command of the Army (Eg.); مركز رعاية الطفل m. ri‘āyat aṭ-ṭifl health center for children (Eg.); مركز السكة الحديدية m. as-sikka al-ḥadīdīya railroad junction; مركز الشرطة m. aš-šurṭa police station; مركز نيابي (niyābī) parliamentary seat, mandate; O مركز التوليد power station

مركزي markazī central; district (used attributively); لامركزي O centrifugal; decentralized (administration)

مركزية markazīya centralism; centrality, central position or situation; لامركزية decentralization

تركيز tarkīz setting up; installation; implantation, establishment, naturalization; concentration | جهاز التركيز jahāz at-t. stabilizer (tech.)

تراكز tarākuz concentricity

ارتكاز irtikāz support

مركز murakkaz concentrated, centralized; O condensed

متراكز mutarākiz concentric

ركس VIII to suffer a setback, be thrown back; to decline, degenerate, be degenerate; to become stunted, atrophy

ركض rakaḍa u (rakḍ) to race, rush, run; to run away; to gallop (intrans., said of a horse, and trans. هـ a horse) III to race (ه s.o.), run a race (ه with) VI to compete in a race; to run fast

ركاض rakkāḍ runner, racer

ركوض rakūḍ fast-running, swift

ركع raka‘a a (ركوع rukū‘) to bend the body, bow (esp. in prayer); to kneel down, drop to one’s knees II and IV to make (ه s.o.) kneel down

ركعة rak‘a pl. raka’āt a bending of the torso from an upright position, followed by two prostrations (in Muslim prayer ritual)

راكع rāki‘ pl. ركع rukka‘ bowing to the ground

ركل rakala u (rakl) to kick (ه s.o., هـ s.th.)

ركلة rakla (n. vic.) kick

ركم fJ rakama u (rakm) to pile up, heap up, accumulate, amass (هـ s.th.) VI to accumulate, be heaped up; to pile up, gather (clouds) VIII = VI

ركم rakam pile, heap

ركام rukām pile, heap; lump; cumulus clouds

O مركم markam pl. مراكم marākim2 storage battery

تراكم tarākum accumulation

ركن rakana u (ركون rukūn) and rakina a to lean, support one’s weight (الى on); to quiet down, become or be calm, to trust (الى in), rely (الى on); to be dependent, have to rely (الى on) | ركن الى الهدوء to remain calm IV to trust (الى s.o.), rely (الى on), place one’s confidence (الى in); to resort (الى to) |يركن اليه (yurkanu) reliable, dependable. trustworthy VIII to lean, recline, support one's weight (الى or على on)

ركن rukn pl. اركان arkān support, prop; corner; nook; basis, basic element, first principle; pl. اركان staff (mil.); basic elements, chief elements | اركان الحرب a. al-ḥarb general staff (mil.); اركان الجيش a. al-jaiš do.; رئيس اركان الجيش chief of general staff; وثيق الأركان of strong build, sturdy

ركنى ruknī: ضربة ركنية (ḍarba) corner kick (soccer)

ركين rakīn firm, steady, confident, imperturbable; grave, calm, sedate

ركون rukūn reliance, confidence, trust

مركن mirkan pl. مراكن marākin2 washtub

مراكنة murākana (tun.) betrothal, engagement

اركان arkān reliance, confidence, trust

ركوة rakwa pl. rakawāt (syr.) small coffee pot of copper. having a long handle

رم ramma u i (ramm, مرمة maramma) to repair, overhaul (هـ s.th.); -- i (ramm, رمة rimma) to decay; to rot II to decay; to rot V to be repaired, undergo repair

رم ramm repair

رم ramm: رم الأسنان r. al-asnān caries (med.)

رمة rimma cadaver

برمته bi-rummatihī whole, complete, entire | سورية برمتها all Syria

رميم ramīm decayed, rotten; رمائم ramā’im2 decaying bones

رمام rumām decayed, rotten

مرمة maramma pl. -āt repair; shipyard (Tun.)

ترميم tarmīm pl. -āt repair, overhauling, restoration

رمث ramal pl. ارماث armā~ log raft

رمح ramaḥa a (ramḥ) to pierce, transfix (with a lance; ه s.o.); to gallop (horse)

رمح rumḥ pl. رماح rimāḥ, ارماح armāḥ lance, pike; spear, javelin; pole |رمي الرمح ramy ar-r. javelin throwing (athlet.)

رماح rammāḥ pl. ة lancer; uhlan

السماك الرامح as-simāk ar-rāmiḥ Arcturus (astron.)

رمد ramida a (ramad) to have sore eyes; to be inflamed (eye) II to burn to ashes, incinerate (هـ s.th.) V to burn to ashes, become ashes

رمد ramad ophthalmia, inflammation of the eyes; eye disease |رمد حبيبي (ḥubaibī) trachoma, granular conjunctivitis; مستشفى الرمد muštašfā r-r. eye clinic

رمدي ramadī and طبيب رمدي ophthalmologist, oculist

رمد ramid sore-eyed

ارمد armad2 sore-eyed

رماد ramād pl. ارمدة armida ashes | اربعاء الرماد arbi‘ā’ ar-r. or يوم الرماد yaum ar-r. or عيد الرماد ‘īd ar-r. Ash Wednesday (Chr.); نفخ في الرماد (lit.: to blow into cold ashes, i.e.) to engage in futile undertakings, set out on a wild-goose chase

رمادي ramādī ashen, ash-colored, ash-gray

ترميد tarmīd cremation, incineration

رمز ramaza u i (ramz) to make a sign, to wink, nod, motion; to point (الى to), indicate (الى s.th.); to symbolize, represent or express symbolically (الى s.th.); to designate (ل ب or الى s.th. with a distinguishing mark)

رمز ramz pl. رموز rūmūz sign, nod, wink, motion; hint; allusion, intimation; allegory; riddle; symbol. symbolic figure, emblem, character; secret sign, code sign

رمزي ramzī symbolic(al}; in code, in cipher

رمزيات ramzīyāt cipher, code

راموز rāmūz pl. روامز rawāmīz2 specimen, sample; O facsimile

رمس ramasa i u (rams) to bury (ه s.o.); to cover, efface, wipe out (هـ tracks) VIII ارتمس في الماء to be immersed in water

رمس rams pl. رموس rumūs, ارماس armās grave, tomb

راموس rāmūs grave, tomb

رمش ramaša i u to take with the fingertips (هـ s.th.); to wink, blink

رمش ramaš inflammation of the eyelids, conjunctivitis

رمشة ramša blink, wink

رمش rimš pl. رموش rumūš eyelashes

رمص ramaṣ white secretion (of the eye)

رمض VIII to be consumed by grief and sorrow

رمض ramaḍ parchedness, scorchedness (esp. of the ground due to excessive heat)

رمضاء ramḍā’2 sun-baked ground | استجار من الرمضاء بالنار approx.: to jump out of the frying pan into the fire

رمضان ramaḍān2 Ramadan, the ninth month of the Muslim calendar

رمق ramaqa u (ramq) to regard (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), glance, look (هـ, ه at) II to stare, gaze (هـ, ه at); to perform (هـ work) perfunctorily and negligently, botch (هـ a job); to keep (ه s.o.) barely alive V to wait (هـ for an opportunity, and the like)

رمق ramaq pl. ارماق armāq (last) spark of life, breath of life | سد رمقه sadda ramaqahū to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out a living, manage to keep body and soul together; to provide s.o. with a bare existence; to allay s.o.’s hunger; على آخر رمق ‘alā ākiri ramaqin at the point of death; on the verge of exhaustion, on one’s last legs

مرموق marmūq regarded, looked at; noted, of note; remarkable, notable, significant, important; lofty, proud

رمك armak2, f. رمكاء ramkā’ 2 ashen, ash-gray

رمكة ramak pl. -āt, رماك rimāk, ارماك armāk mare

رمل II to sprinkle with sand (هـ s.th., so as to blot it) IV to become a widower or a widow V = IV

رمل raml pl. رمال rimāl sand |علم الرمل ‘ilm ar-r. or ضرب الرمل ḍarb ar-r. geomancy (divination by means of figures or lines in the sand)

رملي ramlī sandy, sabulous; sand- (in compounds) |ساعة رملية sandglass, hourglass

رمل ramal name of a poetical meter

رمال rammāl geomancer

ارمل armal2 pl. ارامل arāmil2 widower

ارملة armala pl. ارامل arāmil2, اراملة arāmila widow

مرملة marmala sandbox

ترمل tarammul widow(er)hood

1 رمان rummān (coll.; n. un. ة ) pomegranate; رمانة knob, pommel; (pl. -āt), رمانة يدوية (yadawīya) hand grenade

2 ارمن and ارمنى look up alphabetically

1 رمى ramā i (ramy, رماية rimāya) to throw, cast (هـ, ب s.th.); to fling, hurl (هـ, ب s.th.); to toss away, throw down (هـ, ب s.th.); to throw aside, toss aside, discard, lay aside (هـ, ب s.th.); to shoot, fire; to pelt, hit, bombard (هـ ه s.o. with) shoot, fire (ه ب at s.o. with); to charge (ب ه s.o. with), accuse (ه ب s.o. of), blame) reproach (ب ه s.o. for); to aim, drive, be aimed (الى at), have in view, purpose, intend (الى s.th.), be out for (الى ); with بين to sow dissension among or between | رماه بطلق نارى (ṭalaq) he fired a shot at him; رمى بالغيب (gaib) to practice divination VI to pelt one another; to throw o.s. to the ground, prostrate o.s., fall to the ground; to throw o.s., fling o.s. (على on); to plunge, rush, throw o.s. (في into s.th.); to be vast, extend far into the distance; to come, get (information, report, news; الى to s.o.) |ترامى على قدميه (qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s foot; ترامى بين ذراعيه (dirā‘aihī) to throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms; عاطفة ترامى به عهدها (‘ahduhā) a fooling that he had known long, long ago, a fooling which lay far behind him; ترامى الينا ان we have received word that VIII to throw o.s. (على on, e.g., on the bed, on or to the ground); to fling o.s., fall (على upon s.o.), throw o.s., plunge (في into s.th.); to have fallen down and lie prostrate; to lie, sprawl (على on) |ارتمى الى الأرض to fall to the ground, tumble

رمي ramy (act or process of) throwing, flinging, shooting, etc. | رمي الحربة r. al-ḥarba javelin throwing, رمي القرص r. al-qurṣ discus throwing (athlet.); اعدام رميا بالرصاص i‘dām ramyan bi-r-raṣāṣ execution before a firing squad

رمية ramya (n. vic.) throw, toss, fling; shot |رب رمية من غير رام rubba ramyatin min gairi rāmin many a shot is without a (skilled) marksman (proverbially, of unexpected or undeserved success)

رمية ramīya pl. رمايا ramāyā game animal (being shot at or already killed)

مرمى marman pl. مرام marāmin aim, end, purpose; goal (athlet.); range (of a gun); reach, extent |حارس المرمى goal-keeper; مرمى النظر m. an-naẓar range of vision, field of vision

ترام tarāmin vastness, expanse |ترامى الأطراف vast expanse, vastness

رام rāmin pl. رماة rumāh throwing; thrower, hurler; marksman; rifleman (Syr., mil.) |الرامي Sagittarius (astron.); سهم الرامي sahm ar-r. Sagitta (astron.); رامي اللهيب flame thrower

مترام mutarāmin wide, extensive |مترامي الأطراف vast, huge

2 رامية look up alphabetically

رن ranna i (رنين ranīn) to cry, wail, lament; to resound; to echo; to ring

رنة ranna pl. -āt scream; sound; reverberation, echo

رنين ranīn lament, wailing; sound; reverberation, echo; resonance; ring

رنان rannān and مرنان mirnān ringing, resounding; resonant; reverberating, echoing

O رنانة rannāna tuning fork (mus.)

ارنب and ارنبة look up alphabetically

رنح II to make dizzy, make stagger, send reeling (ه s.o.); to sway (هـ s.th.) | رنح اعطافه (a‘ṭāfahū) to work up s.o.’s feelings, send s.o. into a frenzy V to stagger, reel, totter, sway; to shake, rock |ترنحت اعطافه (a‘tāfuhū) to get into one’s stride, become ecstatic, be carried away; to be beside o.s.

مرنحة marnaḥa prow (of a ship)

رندح randaḥa to scan (verse)

رنق II to cloud, muddy (هـ water); to blur, dim (هـ the eyes; said of sleep); to halt, stop, stop over, stay; to look, glance (نحو toward or at s.th.) | رنق النظر الى (naẓara) to keep looking at, stare at

رنق ranq turbid, clouded (water)

رونق raunaq glamor, splendor, beauty

رنم II and V to sing (ب a song); to intone (ب a song); to recite in a singsong voice, chant (ب s.th.)

ترنيمة tarnīma pl. ترانم tarānim2 hymn, anthem; song; a kind of chanting recitation; little story recited in a singsong voice; little song

رنا (رنو ) ranā u to gaze, look (الى at s.th.)

رنى II and IV to please delight (ه s.o.)

رهب rahaba a (rahab, ruhb, رهبة rahba) to he frightened, be afraid; to fear, dread (ه s.o.) | رهب جانبه see جانب II to frighten, scare, alarm, intimidate (ه s.o.) IV = II; to terrorize (ه s.o.) V to threaten (ه s.o.); to become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)

رهبة rahba fear, fright, alarm, terror; awe

رهبى rahbā, ruhbā fear

رهبوب rahbūb great fear, fright, terror

رهيب rahīb dreadful, awful, fearful, terrible; solemn, grave

ترهيب tarhīb intimidation

ارهاب irhāb intimidation, frightening; threatening; terror, terrorism (pol.); sabotage

ارهابي irhābī terrorist(ic); sabotage (used attributively); (pl. -ūn) terrorist

ترهب tarahhub monasticism, monastic life (Chr.)

راهب rāhib pl. رهبان ruhbān monk (Chr.)

راهبة rāhiba pl. -āt nun (Chr.)

مرهوب marhūb terrible, dreadful

رهبن II tarahbana to become a monk, enter monastic life (Chr.)

رهبنة rahbana and رهبانية rahbānīya monasticism; monastic order, congregation (Chr.)

رهج rahj, rahaj dust

رهط rahaṭa a to gobble, gulp greedily

رهط rahṭ, rahaṭ pl. ارهاط arhāṭ, ارهط arhuṭ, اراهط arāhiṭ2, اراهيط arāhīṭ2 group (of people), band, troop

رهط rahṭ pl. رهاط rihāṭ leather loin-cloth

رهف rahufa u (رهافة rahāfa) to be thin; to be sharp (sword); -- rahafa a (rahf) and IV to make thin (هـ s.th.); to make sharp, sharpen (هـ s.th., esp. fig.) |ارهف الأذن (udn) to prick up one’s ears (لفلان so as to catch the words of s.o.), رهف السمع ل (الى ) (sam‘) to listen closely to

رهف rahif thin

رهيف rahīf thin; slender, slim; sharpened, sharp

ارهاف irhāf sharpening

مرهف murhaf thin, fine; sharpened, sharp | مرهف الحس m. al-ḥ. delicate, sensitive

رهق rahiqa a (rahaq) to come over s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), overtake (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) III to approach (هـ an age); to approach the age of sexual maturity; to be adolescent IV to bring down (هـ ه upon s.o. s.th.), make (ه s.o.) undergo or suffer (هـ s.th.); to oppress, burden, overburden (ه s.o., ب with s.th.), lie heavily, bear down (ه on s.o.) |ارهقه جذبا (jadban) to tug at s.o. violently or too violently

مراهقة murāhaqa puberty

ارهاق irhāq pressure, oppression; suppression; heavy load (e.g., of work)

مراهق murāhiq adolescent

مرهق murhiq oppressive (burden, heat)

رهل rahila a to be flabby, soft; to be bloated, fat (flesh, body) V do.

راهل rāhil flaccid, flabby, soft, ترهل tarahhul obesity, fatness

مترهل mutarahhil flaccid, flabby, soft; bloated, fat

رهمة rihma pl. رهم riham, رهام rihām drizzle, lasting fine rain

مرهم marham pl. مراهم marāhim2 salve, ointment; cream, cold cream; pomade

رهن rahana a (rahn) to pawn, deposit as security (هـ s.th., عند or ه with s.o.); to mortgage (هـ real estate) III to bet, lay a wager (ه with s.o., على on, that ) IV to deposit in pledge, give as a security, pawn (هـ s.th.) VIII to receive or take in pledge, as a security (هـ من s.th. from s.o.); to pawn, deposit in pledge (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) subject (ب to), make (هـ s.th.) conditional (ب on); pass.: urtuhina to be subject (ب to) |ارتهن نفسه ب (nafsahū) to pledge o.s. or dedicate o.s. to the cause of X to demand as a security (ه هـ from s.o. s.th.)

رهن rahn pawning, mortgaging, pledging; -- (pl. رهون ruhūn, رهونات ruhūnāt, رهان rihān) pawn, pledge; security (ب for s.th.); hostage; mortgage. hypothec; رهن ب depending on, conditional on, subject to; -- rahna (prep.) pending; depending on, conditional on; subject to, liable to |محل رهونات maḥall r. pawnshop; رهن اشارته rahna išāratihī at s.o.’s beck and call; رهن سيطرته r. saiṭaratihī under s.o.’s power or dominion; هذا رهن ذاك this depends on that; المسألة رهن اهتمامه al-mas’ala r. ihtimāmihī the problem is being given every attention by him; اودع السجن رهن التحقيق ūdi‘a s-sijna rahna t-taḥqīq he was taken into custody pending investigation

رهنية rahnīya mortgage (deed)

رهين rahīn pawned, mortgaged, pledged, given as security; held in pledge; security (ب for); responsible (ب for); subject (ب to); (prep.) subject to, depending on | كان رهينه (rahīnahū) to be under obligation to s.o.; to be dependent on s.o.

رهينة rahīna pl. رهائن rahā’in2 pawn, pledge, security; hostage; mortgage, hypothec

رهان rihān bet, wager; competition, contest

مراهنة murāhana pl. -āt bet, wager

راهن rāhin pledger, mortgagor; fixed, established, certain; lasting, permanent; current; present, actual |الظروف الراهنة present circumstances; الحالة الراهنة the present condition; the status quo

مرهون marhūn pawned, pledged, mortgaged, given as security; subject (ب to) |الأمور مرهونة بأوقاتها (bi-auqātihā) there is a time for everything

مرتهن murtahan mortgagee, pledgee; pawnbroker

2 رها (رهو ) rahā u (rahw) to amble

رهو rahw quiet, calm, peaceful, tranquil; stillness, calm, peace, tranquility; (pl. رهاء rihā’) crane (zool.)

رهوان rahwān ambler (horse); pal-frey

2 الرهاء ar-ruhā’ the city of Urfa (Gr. Edessa)

رهون rahwana and II tarahwana to amble (horse)

رهوان see رهو

1 راب (روب ) rāba u (raub) to curdle (milk) II and IV to (cause to) curdle (هـ milk)

روب raub curdled milk, curds

رائب rā’ib curdled (milk)

2 روب (Fr. robe) rōb pl. ارواب arwāb dressing gown

روبابيكا (It. roba vecchia) rōbabēkiyā: بائع الروبابيكيا junk dealer

روبصة raubaṣa sleepwalking, somnambulism

تروبص taraubuṣ sleepwalking, somnambulism

روبل rūbel ruble

روبية rūbīya pl. -āt rupee

روتانية rūtāniyā Ruthenia

راث (روث ) rāta u (raut) to drop dung

روث raut (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. ارواث arwāt dung, dropping (of horse, camel, and the like)

1 راج (روج ) rāja u (رواج rawāj) to be spread, circulate, be current; to find a good market, sell well, be in demand (merchandise); to be or become brisk, pick up (market); to be at band, be available (ل for s.o.) II to spread (هـ rumors, news, etc.), circulate, put into circulation (هـ s.th.; currency, rumors, news, etc.); to push the sale (هـ of s.th.), open a market (هـ for an article); to sell, bring on the market (هـ an article); to promote, further (هـ, ل s.th.); to make propaganda (ل for), propagate (ل s.th.)

رواج rawāj circulation; marketability, salability; sales

اروج arwaj2 more widespread, more common; better selling

ترويح tarwīj spreading, propagation, circulation; sale, distribution (of an article of commerce); promotion, furtherance

رائح rā’ij circulating, current; universal, widespread, common; salable, marketable, in demand, selling well (merchandise); brisk (business market)

2 روج (Fr.) rūž rouge

روح ) and ريح) راح rāḥa u (رواح rawāḥ) to go away, leave, go; (with foll. imperf.) to begin, set out to do II rawwaḥa to fan (air); to refresh, animate, revive (هـ the heart, the spirits); -- rayyaḥa to give (ه s.o.) rest, make (ه s.o.) relax, make (ه s.o.) comfortable, provide rest and recreation (ه for s.o.); to rest (هـ e.g., عينيه one’s eyes) |روح عن نفسه to find recreation, relax, amuse o.s. III to go in the evening (ه to s.o.); to alternate, vary (بين between two things) IV اروح arwaḥa to stink, smell bad; -- اراح arāḥa to give (ه s.o.) rest, let (هـ s.th.) rest; to deliver, release (من ه s.o. from); to put (ه s.o.) at ease, soothe (هـ the heart, or the like); to relieve, free (ه s.o., من of), ease (من ه for s.o. s.th.); to do (ه s.o.) a good turn, gladden (ب ه s.o. with), make (ه s.o.) happy (ب by) |اراح نفسه من (nafsahū) to find recreation from, relax from V to fan o.s. (بالمروحة bi-l-mirwaḥa with the fan) VI to fluctuate, alternate, vary (بين between; esp. with two figures following); to intervene, lie (بين between two events) VIII to find rest (من from); to rest, relax, find recreation; to be satisfied, be pleased (الى with s.th.), agree, consent (الى to s.th.); to like (ل or الى s.th.), be happy, be glad (ل or الى about s.th.) |ارتاح للمعروف to be happy to be of service, like doing favors X استروح to inhale air, breathe; to smell, sniff (هـ s.th.); to be refreshed (الى by or with s.th.); -- استراح to be calm; to become calm; to find rest; to take a rest, have a break; to be refreshed (الى by or with s.th.); to rest, relax (من from); to be delivered, be saved (من from), be relieved (من of); to calm down, relax; to rely (الى on); to be happy, be glad (الى about), be pleased (الى with)

راح rāḥ wine

ريح rīḥ f. (occasionally m.) pl. رياح riyāḥ, ارواح arwāḥ, ارياح aryāḥ wind; fart; smell, odor | ابو رياح abū r. weather vane; scarecrow; سكنت ريحه sakanat rīḥuhū to expire, become obsolete, fall into oblivion; هبت ريحه habbat rīḥuhū he was in clover, he was in luck’s way; ذهب مع الريح to go with the wind, vanish

ريح rayyiḥ windy

روح m. and f., pl. ارواح arwāḥ breath of life, soul; spirit (in all senses); gun barrel |روح القدس r. al.quds (qudus), also الروح القدس the Holy Ghost; لا روح فيه (rūḥa) spiritless, insipid, inane; خفيف الروح likable, amiable, charming; ثقيل الروح dull, boring, unpleasant (person); طويل الروح long-suffering, patient; حرصا على الروح (ḥirṣan) dangerâ (on warning signs)

روحي rūḥī spirituous; spiritual; pl. -āt spiritual things |حالة روحية state (or frame) of mind; مشروبات روحية alcoholic beverages, spirits

روح rauḥ refreshment

روحة rauḥa pl. -āt journey or errand in the evening

راحة rāḥa rest, repose; recreation; ease, leisure; vacation; comfort; (pl. -āt, راح rāḥ) palm of the hand, hand | بالراحة leisurely, gently, slowly, at one’s ease; بكل راحة unhurriedly, leisurely; easily, with ease; بيت الراحة bait ar-r. water closet, toilet; اسباب الراحة luxury; معدات الراحة mu‘iddāt ar-r. conveniences; فترة الراحة fatrat ar-r. pause, rest, break, recess; راحة الحلقوم r. al-ḥulqūm Turkish delight; راحة اليد r. al-yad palm of the hand; راحة القدم r. al-qadam sole of the foot

ريحة rīḥa smell, odor

روحية rūḥīya spirituality; mentality, mental attitude, frame of mind

رواح rawāḥ departure; going, leaving; return, return trip (as opposed to جيئة ); rest, repose |في غدوه ورواحه (gudūwihī) (lit.: in his coming and going, i.e.) in everything he did

رياح rayyāḥ pl. -āt (eg.) large irrigation canal, main canal (in the Egyptian irrigation system)

اروح arwaḥ2 more calming, more soothing

اريحي aryaḥī generous, liberal, openhanded

اريحية aryaḥīya generosity, liberality, munificence

ريحان raiḥān (coll.) sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum; bot.); (pl. رياحين rayāḥīn2) aromatic plants |قلم الريحان qalam ar-r. or القلم الريحاني (raiḥānī) a highly decorative style of Arabic calligraphy

روحاني rūḥānī spiritual, immaterial; divine, sacred, holy; (pl. -ūn) clergyman, minister (Chr.)

روحانية rūḥānīya spirituality; transfiguration

مراح marāḥ place visited in the evening; -- murāḥ, also marāḥ pasture; daytime pasture

مروحة mirwaḥa pl. مراوح marāwiḥ2 fan; ventilator; O propeller | المروحة الخوص (kūṣ) palm-leaf fan; مروحة الخيش m. al-kaiš punkah, a canvas-covered frame suspended from the ceiling for fanning a room

O مرواح mirwāḥ fan; ventilator (mor.)

مرياح miryāḥ causing flatulence (food)

ترويح tarwīḥ fanning; ventilation, airing; refreshment; diversion, amusement (also الترويح عن النفس )

ترويحة tarwīḥa: ترويحة نفس t. nafs walk, stroll

صلاة التراويح ṣalāt at-tarāwīḥ prayer performed during the nights of Ramadan

ترييح taryīḥ (eg.) installation; fitting in, insertion

ارتياح irtiyāḥ satisfaction, gratification; pleasure; joy, delight

استرواح istirwāḥ airing, ventilation; air intake; respiration | استرواح صدري (ṣadrī) pneumothorax (med.)

استراحة istirāḥa rest, repose, relaxation, recreation; - (pl.- at) intermission, recess, pause, root, break; public resthouse (for travelers; Eg.)

رائح rā’iḥ: رائح وغاد (gādin) going back and forth, walking up and down

رائحة rā’iḥ pl. روائح rawā’iḥ2 odor, smell; fragrance, perfume; pl. روائح perfumes; flavorings (e.g., those used in baking)

مريح murīḥ restful, reposeful; calming, soothing; cozy; comfortable; flatulent |كرسي مريح (kursī) armchair; club chair, easy chair

مراح murāḥ see above under marāḥ

مرتاح murtāḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed, calm, serene; reassured, satisfied, content; pleased, delighted |مرتاح البال at ease, relaxed, serene, tranquil; مرتاح الضمير of peaceful mind, undisturbed by scruples

مستريح mustarīḥ resting, relaxing; relaxed, calm, reassured

مستراح mustarāḥ water closet, toilet

2 راد (رود ) rāda u (raud) to walk about, move about, prowl; to look, search (هـ for s.th.) in to seek to win (على ه s.o. for s.th.), try to entice or tempt (ه على s.o. to do s.th.); to approach, accost (ه s.o.); to seek to alienate or lure away (ه عن s.o. from); to attempt to seduce (ها a woman) |راوده عن نفسه to seek to tempt s.o. IV to want (هـ s.th., ان to do s.th.), wish. have a mind, be willing (ان to do s.th.); to want to have (هـ s.th.), desire, covet (هـ s.th.), strive (هـ for s.th.); to be headed. be bound (هـ for a place); to intend (هـ s.th., ان to do s.th.); to aim (الى or من هـ with s.th. at), purpose, have in view ( من هـ by s.o. s.th.); to drive (الى at s.th., من with s.th.); to be out (الى or هـ for), be bent (الى or هـ on); to mean (ه s.o., هـ s.th., ب by); to have s.o. (ه ) in mind with s.th. (ب ), aim at s.o. (ه ) with s.th. (ب ); to have (good or evil) designs (هـ ) on s.o. (ب ), intend or plan to do s.th. (هـ ) with s.o. (ب ); to be on the point (هـ or ان of doing s.th.), be about (هـ or ان to do s.th.); to urge, induce, prompt (ه على s.o. to do s.th.) |اراد به ان by this he meant that ...; he understood it to mean that ...; اراد به خيرا (kairan) to wish s.o. well; اراد على ان to seek to induce s.o. to (do s.th.); اراد العاصمة on his way to the capital; اراد نفسه على الشيء (nafsahū) he tried to bring himself to do it VIII to repair, betake o.s. (هـ to a place); to explore (هـ s.th.)

رود raud exploration

ريادة riyāda exploration

رويدا ruwaidan slowly, gently, leisurely | رويدا رويدا gradually, slowly, by and by; رويدك ruwaidaka take it easy! slowly!

مرود mirwad pl. مراود marāwid2 pencil, little stick (originally for applying kohl to the eyelids)

ارادة irāda will, volition; wish; desire; (pl. -āt) irade, decree (of a ruler); will power |(ḥasaba) at will

ارادي irādī intentional, willial, voluntary

ارتياد irtiyād visit (to a place); exploration

رائد rā’id pl. رواد ruwwād visitor; scout, reconnoiterer; boy scout; explorer; leader; major (mil.; U.A.R.); precept, guiding principle. rule (of conduct)

مريد murid pl. -ūn novice (of a Sufi order); aspirant; adherent, follower, disciple

مراد murād wanted, desired, intended; design, purpose, intention

2 رود see رؤد

رودس rudūs Rhodes (chief island of the Dodecanese)

روديسيا rōdīsiya Rhodesia

راز (روز ) rāza u (rauz) to weigh (هـ s.th.); to examine (هـ s.th.); to consider هـ s.th.)

روزنامة rūznāma almanac

1 روس II (from رأس ) to point, sharpen (هـ s.th.); to taper (هـ s.th.); to supply with a heading or title (هـ essay, book)

ترويسة tarwīsa head, heading, title, caption

2 مراوس mirwās race track

مراويس marāwīs2 race horses

3 الروس ar-rūs the Russians

روسي rūsī Russian

الروسية ar-rūsīya the Russian language

روسيا rūsiyā Russia |روسيا البيضاء (baḍā’) Byelorussia

روستو (It. arrosto) rostō, لحم روستو (laḥm) fried meat; rout

روشن raušan pl. رواشن rawāšin2 skylight, scuttle

راض (روض ) rāḍa u (rauḍ, رياضة riyāḍa) to tame, domesticate (هـ an animal); to break in, train (هـ an animal); to train, coach (ه s.o.); to pacify, placate (ه s.o.) | راض نفسه to practice (على s.th.), exercise o.s. (على in) II = I; to tame, regulate (هـ e.g., a river) III to seek to make tractable, try to bring round (ه s.o.) V to practice, exercise o.s.; -- تريض tarayyaḍa (denominative of رياضة ) to (take a) walk, promenade; to do physical exercise, go in for sports VI to haggle, bargain (with one another, over a price) VIII to practice, exercise o.s.; to train o.s., school o.s. (ب on or by means of); to (take a) walk, promenade X to be or become glad, happy, cheerful

روضة rauḍa pl. روض rauḍ, -āt, رياض riyāḍ, ريضان rīdān garden; meadow |روضة الأطفال (pl. رياض ) kindergarten, nursery school

الرياض ar-riyāḍ Riyadh (capital of Saudi Arabia)

رياضة riyāḍa pl. -āt practice, exercise; physical exercise, gymnastics; sport; walk, promenade; relaxation, rest; spiritual exercise; رياضات religious exercises, devotions (Chr.); mathematics |رياضة نفسه r. nafshī walking, promenading; الرياضة البحتة (baḥta) pure mathematics; الرياضة التطبيقية (taṭbīqīya) applied mathematics; رياضة عقلية (‘aqlīya) exercise of wits, intellectual games

رياضي riyāḍī sportive, sports (adj.); (pl. -ūn) sportsman; mathematic(al) | اخبار رياضية sports news; مراسل رياضي (murāsil) sports reporter; الألعاب الرياضية sports

رياضات riyāḍīyāt mathematics

ترويض tarwīḍ sports

راع (روع ) rā‘a u (rau‘) to frighten, scare, alarm (ه s.o.); to startle, surprise (ه s.o.); to awaken s.o.’s (ه ) admiration, appeal (ه to s.o.), please, delight, thrill (ه s.o.) |ما راعني الا مجيؤك (illā majī’uka) your arrival has been a complete surprise to me II and IV to frighten, scare, alarm, awe (ه s.o.) V and VIII to be frightened, be alarmed (من at, by)

روع rau‘ fright, alarm, dismay, fear; -- rū‘ heart, mind, soul |هدئ روعك (haddi’) and سكن روعك (sakkin) take it easy! relax! القى (ادخل) في روعه to persuade s.o., make s.o. believe, talk s.o. into believing (ان that), inspire (هـ s.th.); خطر بروعه it occurred to him, it came to his mind

روع rawa‘ beauty

روعة rau‘a fright, alarm, fear; awe; astonishment, surprise; perplexity; charm, beauty, magnificence, splendor

اروع arwa‘2 more wonderful, more marvelous; more charming, more delightful; more magnificent; more obvious, clearer

ارتياع irtiyā‘ alarm, dismay, shock

رائع splendid, admirable, wonderful, marvelous, glorious, magnificent; charming, delightful; awesome, imposing, impressive, thrilling; clear as daylight |في رائعة النهار fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight; في رائعة شبابه fī r. šabābihī in the prime of his years; الحقيقة الرائعة plain truth

رائعة rā’i‘a pl. روائع rawā’i‘ an imposing thing |روائع الفن r. al-fan masterpieces of art

مروع murawwi‘ terrible, dreadful, frightening

مروع murawwa‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed

مريع murī‘ dreadful, terrible, horrible

مرتاع mutā‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed

راغ (روغ ) rāga u (raug, روغان rawagān) to turn off, swerve; to dodge, evade (عن, من s.o.), get out of the way of (عن, من ); furtively to turn away; to go away (الى to), depart, leave (الى for) III to deal in an underhanded, fraudulent manner (ه with s.o.), double-cross (ه s.o.); to dodge, engage in low trickery, play fast and loose; to light with unfair means (ه s.o.)

رواغ rawāg dodge, shift, artifice, sly trick

رواغ rawwāg sly, wily, insidious, crafty

رويغة ruwaiga dodge, shift, artifice, sly trick

اروغ arwag2 more cunning, more insidious

روغان rawagān turning off; swerving; dodging, evasion

مراوغة murāwaga sly, underhanded dealings; humbug, trickery; artifice, cunning; pl. -āt distortions, prevarications, lies; tricks, wiles

راق (روق ) rāqa u (روق rauq) to be clear, be pore (liquid); to surpass, excel (على s.o., s.th.), prove superior (على to); to please, delight, (ه or ل s.o., also في عينه fī ‘ainihī s.o.), give s.o. pleasure, appeal to s.o. (ه, ل, في عينه ) II to clarify, purify, filter (هـ a liquid) |روق دمعه (damahū) to refresh s.o. (drink); to pacify, placate s.o., cool s.o. off; روق البضاعة to make a clearance sale IV to pour out (هـ a liquid); to shed, spill (هـ s.o.); to make (هـ a liquid) flow |اراق ماء وجهه (mā’a wajhihī) to eacri1ice one’s honor, lose all respect, lose face V to have breakfast

راق rāq pl. -āt layer, stratum

روق rauq pl. ارواق arwāq portico; horn

روقة rauqa beautiful, pretty, handsome (of persons; for both gender, sing. and pl.)

رواق riwāq, ruwāq pl. اروقة arwiqa tent; curtain, screen; flap of the tent for protection against the wind (used by Syrian Bedouins); sun roof of mate over a bazaar (syr.); portico; open gallery, colonnade, loggia; porch, veranda (syr.); pavilion of an exposition; living quarters, dormitories and workrooms of the students of Al Azhar University in Cairo, divided according to provinces and nationalities |ضرب رواقه to pitch one’s tent, take up quarters, settle down

رواقي riwāqī stoic(al); (pl. -ūn) a stoic; friar; الرواقية ar-riwāqīya Stoicism

راووق rāwūq filter

ترويق tarwīq filtration, clarification, purification

ترويقة tarwīqa (syr.) breakfast

اراقة irāqa pouring out; shedding, spilling |اراقة الدم bloodshed

رائق rā’iq clear, pure

مال الروك māl ar-rōk (eg.) public property, community property

1 رول II to slaver, slobber, drool

روال ruwāl slaver, slobber

2 رول (Fr. rôle) rōl role

1 رام (روم ) rāma u (raum, مرام marām) to desire, wish, want, covet (هـ s.th.), crave (هـ for); to wish (ل هـ s.o. s.th.); to look (هـ for) |على ما يرام (yurāmu) as well as one could possibly wish, in excellent order

رام rāmallāh Ramallah (town in W Jordan, N of Jerusalem)

روم raum wish, desire

مرام marām pl. -āt wish, desire, craving, longing; aspiration

2 الروم ar-rūm the Romaeans, the Byzantines; Byzantium; pl. الأروام al-arwām (the adherents of) the Greek Orthodox Church | بحر الروم baḥr ar-r. the Mediterranean

رومي rūmī pl. اروام arwām Romaean, Byzantine; Greek Orthodox (Church) | ديك رومي (dīk) turkey (eg.); جبنة رومي (gibna) a brand of cheese (eg.)

روما rōmā and رومة rōma Rome

رومية rūmiya Rome

الرومان ar-rumān the Romano; the Romanic peoples

روماني rūmānī Roman; Romanian; Romanic

رومانيا rūmāniyā Romania

روماتزم (Engl.) rūmātism rheumatism

روند riwand, راوند rāwad rhubarb

رونق see رنق

1 روى rawiya a (ري ray, riyy) to drink one’s fill, quench one’s thirst; to be irrigated; -- rawā i to bring (على or ل s.o.) water, give (ه s.o.) to drink; -- rawā i (رواية riwāya) to tell, relate (هـ ل s.th. to s.o.), report (هـ s.th.), give an account of (هـ ); to pass on, transmit (هـ عن s.th. on the strength of an authoritative source), quote (عن from a source) II to quench s.o.’s (ه ) thirst; to water, irrigate (هـ s.th.) IV to give (ه s.o.) to drink, quench s.o.’s (ه ) thirst; to water (هـ flowers, etc.); to moisten. wet (هـ s.th.) V to draw, obtain (عن هـ s.th. from); to ponder (هـ عن s.th.), reflect (في on) VIII to quench one’s thirst; to be supplied with water for drink, be given to drink; to be watered, be irrigated; to draw (on a source, i.e., to obtain information from it)

ري riyy quenching (of thirst); -- riyy, rayy watering, irrigation; moistening, wetting

ريا rayyan aroma, fragrance

روي rawīy thirst-quenching

روي rawīy final letter, rhyming letter (in Arabic verse); rhyme | ذو روي واحد monotonous (song)

رواء rawā’ fresh (water)

رواء ruwā’ prettiness, comeliness pleasing appearance

روية rawīya deliberation, reflection, consideration | عن روية deliberately, on purpose, عن غير روية offhand, casually

رواية riwāya pl. -āt tale, narrative; report, account; story; novel; play, drama; motion picture, film | رواية محزنة (muḥzina) tragedy; رواية مسرحية (masraḥīya) play, stage play; رواية سينمائية motion picture, film; رواية مضحكة (muḍḥika) comedy; رواية غنائية (ginā’īya) opera; رواية قصصية (qiṣaṣīya, qaṣaṣīya) novel; رواية تمثيلية (tamtīlīya) play, drama; رواية ناطقة sound film; رواية هزلية (hazlīya) comedy

روائي riwā’ī novelist; dramatist, playwright; author, writer

ريان rayyān2, f. ريا rayyā, pl. رواء riwā’ sated with drink; well-watered, well-irrigated; luxuriant, lush, verdant; full, plump (face); succulent, juicy, fresh, pretty; see also alphabetically

تروية tarwiya deliberation, reflection, consideration

اروائي irwā’ī irrigational; irrigated

ترو tarawwin deliberation, reflection, consideration

راو rāwin pl. rāwiyūn, رواة ruwāh and راوية rāwiya pl. روايا rawāyā transmitter (esp. of ancient Arabic poetry); relater; narrator, storyteller

مرويات marwīyāt tales, stories, reports

2 راية see راى

3 رؤيا see رأي

1 ري , ريان, ريا see روى

2 رية riyya = رئة ri’a (see رء )

3 رياء see رأى

ريال riyāl pl. -āt riyal, a silver coin: in Eg. = 20 qirš šāg (piasters); in Ir. = 200 fals; ريال ماريا تريزا Maria Theresa dollar

ريان Riyan (town and airport in S Hadhramaut, on Gulf of Aden)

راب (ريب ) rāba i (raib) to disquiet, alarm, fill with suspicion or misgivings (ه s.o., هـ about s.th.); to give pause (.ه to s.o.), make (ه s.o.)8top and think (ان that), make (ه s.o.) uneasy; to cast a suspicion (ه on s.o.), show (ه s.o.) in a suspicious light; to doubt, question, suspect (ه s.th.) IV to disquiet, alarm, startle, fill with suspicion or misgivings (ه s.o.) V to have doubts or misgivings (ب, في about), be suspicious (ب or في of) VIII to be suspicious, smell a rat; to suspect, doubt, question (ب or في s.o., s.th.), have doubts or misgivings (ب or في about), wavervdoubtfully (بين between) X to be invdoubt, be skeptical (في about), be suspicious,vhave misgivings, entertain doubts

ريب raib doubt; suspicion; uncertainty | بلا ريب (bilā) no doubt, undoubtedly, doubtless; لا ريب فيه (raib) there is no doubt about it; ريب المنون r. al-manūn unpredictable turn of fortune, threatening fate; misfortune

ريبة rība pl. ريب riyab doubt, suspicion, misgiving

ارتياب irtiyāb doubt, suspicion, distrust, misgiving

مريب murīb arousing suspicion, suspicious

مرتاب murtāb doubting, doubtful, skeptical; doubter, skeptic; (به or فيه) مرتاب doubted, questionable, doubtful; suspect, suspicious | مرتاب في امره (amrihī) suspicious, suspect, under suspicion

مستريب mustarīb doubtful, in doubt (في about); suspicious

مستراب (فيه ) mustarāb (fīhi) suspect, suspicious

راث (ريث ) rāta i (rait) to hesitate, delay, tarry V to hesitate, tarry, be tardy; to give (ب or في s.th.) long and thorough consideration; to stop; to stay, linger (في at a place); to be patient, bide one’s time, temporize, wait

ريثما raitamā (conj.) as long as, while; when; until

ريح , ريحة, رياح, ريحان, اريح, اريحية, ارياح, مرياح see روح

ريخ (G.) raik Reich

ريس rayyis (=رئيس ra’īs) mate (Eg. Naval rank) | ريس ممتاز (mumtāz) a naval rank (approx.: petty officer3rd class; Eg. 1939)

رياسة riyāsa (= رئاسة ri’āsa) see رأس

رياسي riyāsī presidential

راش (ريش ) rāša i (raiš) to provide with feathers, feather (هـ s.th.); to feather one’s nest, become wealthy II to provide with feathers, feather (هـ s.th.); to fledge, grow feathers (bird) V to fledge (bird); to become wealthy

ريش rīš (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. رياش riyāš, ارياش aryāš feathers; feathering, plumage; clothes, attire, exterior; bristles (e.g., of a brush)

ريشة rīša (n. un.) pl. -āt feather; quill; writing pen (also ريشة الكتابة ); brush (of a painter); plectrum; lancet; (eg.) reed (of certain wind instruments, e.g., of the oboe; mus.) |وزن الريشة wazn ar-r. featherweight (athlet.)

ريشي rīšī feather (adj.), feathery, feathered, plumed, pinnate

رياش riyāš household effects; furniture; equipment

تريض , رياض, رياضة, رياضي, رياضيات see روض

راع (ريع ) rā‘a i (rai‘, ريوع ruyū‘, رياع riyā‘, ريعان raya‘ān to increase, grow, flourish, thrive II to increase, augment (هـ s.th.)

ريع rai‘ pl. ريوع ruyū‘ yield; returns, proceeds, income (accruing from an estate), interest; profit share royalty; prime, choicest part | ريع الشباب r. aš-šabāb the prime of youth

ريعان rai‘ān prime, choicest part |في ريعان الشباب fī r. iš-šabāb in the prime of youth; في ريعان النهار fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight

ارض مريعة arḍ marī‘a productive land

تاريع tārī‘ (eg.) cadastre; (also مساحة الريع ) land survey

رائعة rā’i‘a: في رائعة النهار fī r. in-nahār in broad daylight (see also روع )

ريف rīf pl. ارياف aryāf fertile, cultivated land; country (as opposed to city), countryside, rural الريف or ريف مصر Lower Egypt; seashore. seacoast; Er Rif (hilly coastal region of NE Morocco)

ريفي rīfī rural, rustic, peasant (adj.), country (used attributively); peasant, farmer; provincial, yokel, bumpkin; inhabitant of Er Rif (in Morocco)

راق (ريق ) rāqa i (ريق raiq) to shine, glisten, glow, burn; to flow out, pour forth IV to pour out, shed, splll (see also روق )

ريق rīq and ريقة rīqa pl. ارياق aryāq saliva, spittle | على الريق before break-fast, on an empty stomach; بلع ريقه and ابتلع (rīqahū) (lit.: to swallow one’s saliva, i.e.) to catch one’s breath, rest a while, take a short break; to hold back, restrain o.s. (of s.o. in a rage); بلعه ريقه (balla‘ahū rīqahū) to allow s.o. a break, let s.o. catch his breath; اجرى الريق (ajā) to make the saliva flow, i.e., to make the mouth water, stimulate the appetite; لايجف له ريق (yajiffu) be is untiring (in speaking), he talks incessantly

ريق rayyiq: في ريق الشباب r. iš-šabāb in the full bloom of youth

2 رال (ريل ) rāla i and II to slobber, slaver, drool

مريلة maryala (string) apron

مريول maryūl bib

2 ريال look up alphabetically

1 رام (ريم ) rāma i (raim) to go away, move, budge; to leave (هـ a place) |ما رام مكانه (makānahū) not to budge, not to move from the spot II to stay, remain (بالمكان at the place); (eg.) to bluff (على s.o.)

ريم rīm (eg.) froth, foam

ترييم taryīm (eg.) swaggering, bluffing, swindle

2 ريم rīm (= رئم ) addax, white antelope

1 ران (رين )rāna i to take possession (على or هـ of s.th.), seize, overcome (على, ب or ه s.o., said of passion); to descend or come upon s.th. (على ); to reign, prevail (على in, e.g., silence in a room)

2 ريان , f. ريا see روي

3 ريان look up alphabetically

ز

زاء zā’ name of the letter ز

زاؤوق zā’ūq quicksilver, mercury

زئبق zi’baq quicksilver, mercury

زاج zāj vitriol

زاجورا zāgōra Zagora, a brand of Egyptian cotton

زأر za’ara a (za’r, زئير za’īr) to roar, bellow

زئير za’īr roaring, roar, bellowing

زأط za’aṭ a (زئاط zi’āṭ) to clamor, be vociferous

زاغ zāg pl. زيغان zīgān crow

موت زؤام maut zu‘āam a sudden or violent death

1 زؤان zu’ān darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.)

2 زان (syr., eg.) beech |ثمر زان tamar z. beechnuts

زانة zāna pl. -āt spear; pole |الوثب (القفز) بالزانة al-watb (al-qafz) bi-z-z. pole vaulting (athlet.)

زاووق zāwūq quicksilver, mercury

زاي zāy name of the letter ز

زب zubb pl. ازباب azbāb penis

زبيب zabīb (coll.; n. un. ة ) dried grapes, raisins; (eg.) a strong colorless liquor made of raisins, milky white when diluted with water

ازب azabb2, f. زباء zabbā’2, pl. زب zubb hairy, hirsute, shaggy

زبد zabada a to chum (هـ milk) II to foam, froth, cream (milk) IV to froth, become foamy, foam (also, with rage)

زبد zabad pl. ازباد azbād foam, froth; dross | زبد البحر z. al-baḥr meerschaum

زبدة zubda (fresh) butter (as opposed to سمن samn); cream; -- (pl. زبد zubad) choicest part, prime, cream, flower, elite; extract, quintessence; essence, substance; gist, main point

زبدية zabdīya pl. زبادي zabādīy bowl

زباد zabād civet | سنور الزباد sinnūr az-z. civet cat

زبادي zabādī and لبن زبادي (laban) curdled milk (eg.)

مزبد mizbad, مزبدة mizbada pl. مزابد mazābid2 churn

زبر zabara u i to scold (ه s.o.)

زبر zubr penis

زبرة zubra pl. زبر zubar piece of iron

زبور zabūr (Book of) Psalms, Psalter

زبرج zibrij ornament, ornamentation, decoration, embellishment

زبرجد zabarjad chrysolite (min.)

زبط zabaṭa i (zabṭ) to quack (duck)

زبط zabaṭ (eg.) mud, mire

زباطة zubāṭa (eg.) bunch of dates

زوبعة zauba‘a pl. زوابع zawābi‘2 storm, hurricane

زبق zabaqa u i (zabq) to tear out, pluck out (هـ hair) VII to slip in

زبل II to dung, manure

زبل zibl, زبلة zibla dung, manure

زبال zabbāl street sweeper; garbage collector

زبالة zubāla refuse, rubbish, garbage, sweepings

مزبلة mazbala, mazbula pl. مزابل mazābil2 dunghill; garbage can

زبون zabūn kicking (camel); hot, fierce, cruel (battle); stupid, foolish; fool; -- (pl. زبائن zabā’in2) customer, client, buyer; guest (of a hotel, end the like) | زبون دائم patron, regular customer

زبون zubūn undergarment (nejd, ir.)

زبانة zibāna clientele, patronage, custom

زبانى zubānā pedipalpus or claw of a scorpion, of a crayfish (usually dual: زبانيا العقرب )

زبانية zabāniya myrmidons; engels who thrust the damned into Hell

زبية zubya pl. زبى zuban elevated place above the waterline |بلغ السيل الزبى balaga s-sailu z-zubā the matter reached a climax, things came to a head

زت zatta (syr.) to throw

زج zajja (1st pers. perf. zajajtu) u (zajj) to throw, hurl (هـ s.th.); to push, shove, urge, drive (ب or هـ, ه s.o. or s.th.); to press, squeeze, force, cram (ب or هـ, ه s.o. or s.th., في into) |زج به في السجن (zujja, sijn) he was thrown into prison II to pencil (الحاجبين al-ḥājibain the eyebrows); to glaze, coat with glass (هـ s.th.); to enamel (هـ s.th.)

زج zujj pl. زجاج zijāj ferrule; arrowhead; spearhead

ازج azajj2, f. زجاء zajjā’, pl. زج zujj having beautifully arched eyebrows

زجاج zujāj glass (as substance)

زجاجة zujāja (u. un.) pl. -āt piece of glass; (glass) bottle, flask; (drinking) glass, tumbler

زجاجي zujājī glass (adj.), glassy, vitreous

زجاج zajjāj glazier

مزجج muzajjaj glazed, enameled; مزججات and مصنوعات مزججة enameled ware

زجر zajara u (zajr) to drive back, drive away; to hold back, restrain, prevent (عن ه s.o. from); to rebuke, scold, upbraid (ه s.o.) VII and VIII ازدجر izdajara pass. of I

زجر zajr forcible prevention; suppression (of customs, abuses, crimes); rebuke, reprimand

زجري zajrī reformatory, penitentiary (adj.) |معهد زجري (ma‘had) reformatory, reform school

مزجر mazjar: قعد منه مزجر الكلب qa‘ada minhu mazjara l-kalb to sit at a fitting distance from s.o.

زاجر zājir handicap, impediment, obstacle

زاجرة zājira pl. زواجر zawājir2 check, curb; restriction, limitation

زجل zajala u (zajl) to let go, release (هـ a carrier pigeon)

زجل zajal pl. ازجال azjāl popular Arabic poem in strophic form; soft humming sound produced by the jinn at night

زجال zajjāl reciter of azjal (see above)

حمام الزاجل ḥamām az-zājil carrier pigeon, homing pigeon

زجا (يزجو ) zajā u to drive, urge on (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); to squeeze, press, force, cram (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., في into) II to shove, push (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to drive, urge on (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., الى into); to take or bring (forcibly) (هـ الى, ه s.o., s.th. into); to make (هـ time) pass; to pass, spend (هـ time) IV to shove, push (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to drive, urge on (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to jostle, crowd, cram, jam (ه, هـ s.th., s.o., الى into); to take or bring (forcibly) (الى هـ, ه s.o., s.th. into); to make pass, while away (هـ time); to extend (هـ ل s.th. to s.o.; greetings, compliments, thanks); to bestow (هـ ل s.th. on s.o.; e.g., praise) |ازجى الى الذهن ان (dihn) to suggest (the idea or assumption) that ...

مزجى muzjan little, scanty, paltry, trivial, insignificant

زحر zaḥara a i (زحير zaḥīr, زحار zuḥār) to groan, moan

زحير zaḥīr, groan, moan(s)

زحار zuḥār, groan, moan(s); dysentery (med.)

زحزح zaḥzaḥa (زحزحة zaḥzaḥa) to move (هـ s.th., from its place); to tear, rip (هـ عن s.th. off) II tazaḥzaḥa to budge, move(عن away from)

زحف zaḥafa a (zaḥf) to crawl, creep on the ground; to crawl about; to advance (army); to march, be on the march (على against or toward)

زحف zaḥf advance, march (of an army); (pl. زحوف zuḥūf) soldiery, army

زحف creeping, crawling

زحافة zaḥḥāfa pl. -āt reptile; implement for leveling the ground, leveler; ski

زاحف zāḥif creeping, crawling; pl. زواحف zawāḥif2 reptiles

زحل zaḥala a (zaḥl, زحول zuḥūl) to move away, withdraw, retire (عن from a place) II to remove (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V = I

زحل zuḥal2 the planet Saturn

زحلقة zaḥlaqa to roll, slide (هـ s.th.) II tazaḥlaqa to glide, slide, slip, skid

زحلقة zaḥlaqa: ميدان الزحلقة maidān az-z. skating rink

تزحلق tazaḥluq skating; sikiing

زحلاوي zaḥlāwī from Zaḥle (Lebanon), made in Zaḥle (e.g., arrack)

زحم zaḥama a (zaḥm) to push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press, beset (ه s.o.) III to push, shove, hustle, jostle, crowd, press, beset (ه s.o.); to compete, vie (ه with s.o.) VI to press together, crowd together, mill .bout; to be closely packed lei in); to compete with one another VIII ازدحم izdaḥama to be crowded, teem, swarm (ب with); to jostle, crowd together, mill about (e.g., people)

زحمة zaḥma crush, jam; crowd, throng

زحام ziḥām crush, jam; crowd, throng

مزاحمة muzāḥama pl. -āt competition; rivalry |لا يقبل المزاحمة (yaqbalu) unrivaled, matchless without competition

تزاحم tazāḥum (mutual) competition

ازدحام izdiḥām crowd, crush, jam; over-crowdedness

مزاحم muzāḥim pl. -ūn competitor; rival

مزاحمة muzāḥima (female) rival

مزدحم muzdaḥim overcrowded, packed, jammed; teeming, swarming, crowded, crammed (ب with); -- muzdaḥam crowd, crush, jam

زخة zakka pl. -āt downpour, heavy shower

زخر zakara a (zakr, زخور zukūr) to swell, rise (e.g., river); to be overfull, brimful (ب of); to boast (ب of s.th.), vaunt (ب s.th.) V to swell; to rise; to abound (ب in), be full (ب of)

زاخر zākir and زخار zakkār full, brimful, filled to overflowing; abounding in water (seas); excessive, profuse; exuberant (feeling)

زخرف zakrafa to adorn, embellish, decorate, ornament (هـ s.th.) II tazakrafa to adorn o.s.; to be embellished, ornamented

زخرف zukruf pl. زخارف zakārif decoration, ornament, embellishment; makeup, getup (e.g., of a book); vain, trifling finery | زخارف لفظية (lafẓīya) flowers of speech, rhetorical flourishes; زخارف الدنيا z. ad-dunyā the vanities of this world

زخرفة zakrafa pl. -āt decoration (also stage decoration); ornamentation

زخرفي zukrufī ornamental, decorative

مزخرف muzakrif interior decorator; -- muzakraf embellished, ornamented |الخط الكوفي المزخرف (al-kaṭṭ al-kūfī) floriated Kufic writing

زخم zakama a (zakm) to throat back (ه s.o.); -- zakima a (zakam) to stink

زخم zakim stinking

ازخم azkam2 stinking

زخمة zakma plectrum

زخمة zakama stench

زر zarra u to button, button up (هـ s.th.); to screw, contort (عينه ‘ainahū one’s eye) II to button, button up (هـ s.th.)

زر zirr pl. ازرار azrār, زرور zurūr button; push button; knob, pommel; bud (of a plant); tassel (of the tarboosh, etc.)

زرب zariba a to flow (water) II to pen, corral (هـ livestock)

زربية zurbīya, zirbīya pl. زرابى zarābīy carpet, rug

زريبة zarība pl. زرائب zarā’ib2 zareba, cattle pen, corral, stockade, fold; (cattle) barn; (North Af.) hut made of branches

زاروب zārūb pl. زوارب zawārib2 a long, narrow lane

مزراب mizrāb pl. مزاريب mazārīb2 spout

زربول zarbūl pl. زرابيل zarābīl2 and زربون zarbūn pl. زرابين zarābīn a kind of shoe

زرد zarada u (zard) to choke (ه s.o.). strangle (هـ s.o.’s neck); to gulp, swallow, devour (هـ s.th.) VIII ازدرد izdarada to swallow (هـ s.th.)

زردة zarda sweet dish made of rice and honey

زرد zard pl. زرود zarūd chain mail, coat of mail |حمار الزرد zebra

زردة zarada chain link

زردية zardīya pliers

مزرد mazrad throat, gullet

زرزر zarzara to chirp

زرزر zurzur and زرزور zurzūr pl. زرازير zarāzīr2 starling (zool.)

زرزوري zurzūrī gray with white spots (horse)

زرع zara‘a a (zar‘) to sow (هـ s.th.); to spread, scatter (هـ s.th.); to plant, raise, grow (هـ plants); to till, cultivate (الأرض al-arḍa land); to lay (لغما lugman mine) VII pass. of I; VIII ازدرع izdara‘a to sow

زرع sowing; (pl. زروع zurū‘) seed; young standing crop, green crop; plantation; field(s) | الزرع والضرع (ḍar‘) agriculture and stock farming

زراعة zirā‘a agriculture; tilling, tillage; cultivation (of land); growing, raising (of crops); farming | زراعة البساتين horticulture

زراعي zirā‘ī agricultural, agrarian, farm- (in compounds) |ارض زراعية (arḍ) arable land; طريق زراعي field path, dirt road

زريعة zarī‘a that whicb is sown or planted; crop

زراع zarrā‘ pl. ة , -ūn peasant, farmer; planter

مزرع mazra‘ (arable) land

مزرعة mazra‘a pl. مزارع mazāri‘ field under cultivation; farm; plantation; country estate

مزرعاني mazra‘ānī farmer

مزارعة muzāra‘a temporary sharecropping contract (īsl. Law)

زارع zāri‘ pl. زراع zurrā‘ seedsman, sower; peasant; farmer; planter

مزروع mazrū‘ cultivated, planted

مزروعة mazrū‘a pl. -āt young standing crop, green crop

مزارع muzāri‘ pl. -ūn peasant, farmer; agronomist

زرافة zarāfa pl. -āt body, group, cluster (of people) |زرافات ووحدانا see واحد

زرافة zarāfa, zurāfa pl. زرافى zarāfā, zurāfā, زرائف zarā’if2 giraffe

2 زرق zaraqa u i (= ذرق ) to drop excrement (bird); -- zaraqa u (zarq) to hit, pierce (ب ه s.o. with); to jab, bore (هـ, ه into s.o. or s.th.); to throw, hurl (هـ s.th.)

زرق zarq: زرق الإبر z. al-ibar injections, injectings

مزراق mizrāq pl. مزاريق mazāriq2 javelin

2 زرق zariqa a (zaraq) and IX to be blue

زرق zaraq blue, blueness, blue color; O glaucoma (med.)

زرقة zurqa blue, blueness, blue color; O cyanosis

ازرق azraq2, f. زرقاء zarqā’2, pl. زرق zurq blue; dark-colored; الزرقاء the blue sky, the blue

ازرقاق izriqāq blueness, blue |داء الازرقاق dā’ al-izriqāq cyanosis

2 زورق look up alphabetically

زرقون zarqūn a bright red

زركش zarkaša to embellish with brocade embroidery; to adorn, embellish, decorate, ornament (هـ s.th.)

زركش zarkaš brocade, gold and silver embroidery

مزركش muzarkaš embellished with brocade embroidery, brocaded; embroidered (ب with silver and gold thread); embroidered; embellished, decorated, ornamented | القلم المزركش (qalam) ornamental writing

زرنيخ zirnīk, zarnik arsenic

زرى zarā i (زراية zirāya) to rebuke, scold, upbraid (على s.o.), find fault (هـ على with s.o. because of s.th.); to revile, disparage (ب or J- s.0.), detract (ب or على from) IV to derogate, detract (ب from s.o. or s.th.), belittle, ridicule (ب s.o. or s.th.) V = I; VIII ازدرى izdarā to slight (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), make light, think little (ب or هـ, ه of), defy (ب or هـ e.g., danger) X = VIII

زرى zarīy bad, poor, miserable, despicable, contemptible

زراية zirāya contempt, disdain; revilement, disparagement

ازراء izrā’ contempt, disregard

ازدراء izdirā’ contempt, disdain, scorn

مزرى muzran despicable, contemptible

زعبر za‘bara to deceive, cheat (على s.o.)

زعبوط za‘abūṭ pl. زعابيط za‘ābīṭ2 a woolen fabric; woolen garment with a low neckline, worn esp. by the fellahin (eg.)

زعتر za‘tar = سعتر

زعج za‘aja a and IV to disturb (ه s.o.); to trouble, inconvenience, molest, pester, harass (ه s.o.); to disquiet, alarm make uneasy, upset (. s.o.); to stir up (ه s.o. من or عن from a place), rouse (من or ه عن s.o. from a state. e.g., from sleep, etc.), drive (من or ه عن s.o. from) VII to be stirred up, be roused; to be alarmed (من by or at), feel uneasy (من about s.th.)

زعج za‘aj uneasiness, unrest

ازعاج iz‘āj disturbance

انزعاج inzi‘āj inconvenience, trouble, discomfort; disturbance, confusion

مزعج muz‘aj annoying, troublesome, irksome, inconvenient, unpleasant; harrying; disquieting; unsettling; pl. مزعجات troubles, discomforts

زعر za‘ir thin-haired

ازعر az‘ar 2, f. زعراء za‘rā’ thin-haired; tailless

ازعر az‘ar pl. زعران za‘rān (leb., pal.) highwayman, brigand; crook, scoundrel

زعارة za‘āra maliciousness, meanness

زعرور zū‘rūr pl. زعارير za‘ārīr2 ill-tempered, peevish, testy, irascible; azarole, Neapolitan medlar (Crataegus azarolus; bot.)

زعزع za‘za‘a to shake violently, convulse, rock (هـ s.th.); to shake, upset (هـ e.g., a resolve, a belief, etc.) II taza‘zaa to be convulsed; to work loose, wobble, be loose; to shake, rock, totter |لا يتزعزع unshakable

ريح زعزع rīḥ za‘za‘ and ريح زعزعان (za‘za‘ān) violent gale, hurricane

زعزعة za‘za‘a pl. زعازع convulsion, shock, concussion

زعزوع za‘zū‘ lean, skinny, lanky, spindling

مزعزع muza‘za‘ convulsed, shocked; upset, disorganized; tottering, shaky, wobbly, unsteady, precarious

متزعزع mutaza‘zi‘ unsteady, shaky, wobbly, precarious; tottering, rocking; fickle, uncertain, changeable

زعط za‘aṭa (za‘ṭ) to drive away

زعف za‘afa a (za‘f) to kill instantly (ه s.o.) IV do.

سم زعاف samm zi‘āf a rapidly killing, deadly poison

زعفران za‘farān saffron

زعق za‘aqa a (za‘q) to cry, yell, shriek, scream

زعق za‘q clamor, shouting, crying, screaming, yelling

زعقة za‘qa pl. za‘aqāt cry, outcry, yell, scream, shriek

زعيق za‘īq clamor, shouting, crying, screaming, yelling

زعل za‘ila a (za‘al) to be bored, be fed up (من with s.th.), be tired (من of); to be annoyed, angry II to annoy, vex (ه s.o.) IV to trouble, annoy (ه s.o.)

زعل za‘al displeasure, annoyance, irritation, vexation

زعل za‘il annoyed, angry, vexed, put out

زعلان za‘lān2 annoyed, angry, vexed, put out

زاعولة zā‘ūla annoyance, anger, irritation) vexation

زعم za‘ama u (za‘m) to maintain, allege, claim, pretend (ان that), declare (ل ان to s.o. that); to believe; to take (ه هـ s.o. for or to be ...), regard (ه هـ s.o. as); | زعم لنفسه to claim for o.s. (هـ s.th.) V to set o.s. up as leader; to be the leader (ه of), lead, command (هـ a body of soldier, or the like); to pretend to be the leader, pose as leader, be bossy

زعم za‘m allegation, claim |في زعمهم as they claim, III they say

زعيم za‘īm, pl. زعماء zu‘amā’2 leader; ringleader; colonel (Ir. 1922); brigadier general (mil.; formerly syr.); guarantor (ب of)

زعامة za‘āma leadership; leading position in politics

مزاعم mazā‘im2 allegation; claims, pretensions; assumptions, conjectures

مزعوم maz‘ūm pretended, claimed; alleged, so-called

زعنفة zi‘nifa pl. زعانف za‘ānif2, horde, pack, mob, rabble, rifraff; low hue, mean;

pl. fins (of fish); flippers (of whale, seal, and the like)

زغب zagab down, lid, fuzz

زغب zagib downy, fluffy, fuzzy, covered with fuzz

ازغب azgab2 downy, fluffy, fuzzy, covered with fuzz

زغبر zagbar nap (of a fabric) | اخذ بزغبره he took all of it

زغد zagada a to nudge, poke (ه s.o.)

زغر zagara a (eg.) to eye (الى or ل s.th., s.o.), lear (الى or ل at)

زغرد zagrada (زغردة zagrada) to utter shrill, long-drawn and trilling sounds (as a manifestation of joy by Arab women)

زغاريد zagārīd2 shrill, trilling cries of joy (of women)

زغرط zagraṭa = زغرد

زغاريط zagārīṭ2 = زغاريد

زغزغ zagzaga to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to tickle (ه s.o.)

زغطة zuguṭṭa (eg.) hiccup

زغل zagala a (zag,) to pour out (هـ s.th.); to counterfeit (هـ e.g., coins), adulterate, debase (هـ s.th.)

زغل zagal counterfeit money

مزغل mazgal pl. مزاغل mazāgil2 loophole, embrasure

زغلل zuglala to dazzIe (النظر an-naẓar the eyes)

زغلول zuglūl pl. زغاليل zagālīl2 baby, infant; zaglūl (eg.) squab, young pigeon

زف zaffa (1st pers. perf. zafaftu) i (zaff, زفوف zufūf) to hurry; -- u (zaff, زفاف zifāf) to conduct in solemn procession (ها the bride, على or الى to the bridegroom); pass. زفت الى zuffat ilā to be married off to, be given in marriage to; to conduct in solemn procession to her new home (ها the bride, also said of the bridegroom); to inform (الى s.o., هـ of s.th.), tell (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.) |زف البشرى الى (bušrā) to bring glad tidings to

زفة zaffa procession (of people), wedding procession; -- one time; زفة zaffatan once (= marratan)

زفاف zifāf wedding, wedding ceremony |ليلة الزفاف lailat az-z. wedding night

زفوف zafūf ostrich; fleet, swift (camel)

زفيف zafīf sough(ing) (of the wind)

مزفة mizaffa bridal sedan

زفت II to smear with pitch, to pitch; to asphalt (هـ a road)

زفت zift pitch; asphalt |زفت وقطران (qaṭrān) (lit., pitch and tar) unpleasant, annoying, awkward; damned (bad luck)!

O مزفتة mizfata pl. مزافت mazāfit2 asphalting machine

تزفيت tazfīt asphalting

2 زفر zafara i (zafr, زفير zafīr) to sigh deeply, heave deep sighs; to pant, groan, moan; to blow off, exhaust, puff out (هـ air, breath)

زفرة zafra pl. zafarāt sigh, moan

زفير zafīr exhaling, exhalation, expiration; sighing, moaning, moans; see also alphabetically

2 زفر II to soil with grease begrime (هـ s.th.)

زفر zafar grease, greasy food |ثلاثاء الزفر talātā’ az-z. Mardi Gras, Shrove Tuesday (Chr.)

زفر zafir greasy; grimy; unclean, dirty, filthy; stinking, rancid, rank

زفزفة zafzafa soughing, whistling (of the wind)

زفن zafana i to dance, gambol

زفير zafīr zephyr cloth

زق zaqqa u (zaqq) to feed (هـ its young ones; of a bird)

زق ziqq pl. ازقاق azqāq, زقاق ziqāq, زقان zuqqān skin (as a receptacle)

زقاق zuqāq m. and f., pl. ازقة aziqqa lane, alley; strait, corridor (geogr.)

زقزق zaqzaqa (زقزقة zaqzaqa) to peep, chirp, cheep; to feed (هـ its young ones; of a bird); to dandle, rock in one’s arms (ه a child)

زقزاق zaqzāq pewit, lapwing

الزقازق az-zaqāzīq2 Zagazig (city in N Egypt)

1 زقلة zuqla and زقلية zuqlīya (eg.) club, cudgel, truncheon

2 زقيلة zaqīla pl. زقائل zaqā’il2 narrow road, path, trail

زقم zaqama u (zaqm) to swallow gulp, gobble (هـ food) IV to make (ه s.o.) swallow or gulp down (هـ s.th.) VIII ازدقم izdaqama = I

زقوم zaqqūm zaqqum, an infernal tree with exceedingly bitter fruit, mentioned in the Koran

زقا (زقو ) zaqā u to cry, crow, peep, cheep

زقاء zuqā’ crowing (of a rooster)

زكب zakaba u (زكوب zukūb) to fill up, fill (هـ s.th.)

زكيبة zakība pl. زكائب zakā’ib2 (eg.) sack, bag, gunny sack

زكرة zukra pl. زكر zukar small (wine)skin; -- a wind instrument resembling the oboe (tun.)

زكم pass. zukima to catch a cold

زكام zukām (common) cold, catarrh

زكمة zakma (common) cold, catarrh

زكانة zakāna flair; intuition

(زكو and زكى) زكا zakā u (زكاء zakā’) to thrive; to grow, increase; to be pure in heart, be just, righteous, good; to be fit, suitable (ب for s.o.), befit (ب s.o.); --zakiya a to grow, increase II to increase, augment, make grow (هـ s.th.); to purify, chasten (هـ s.th.); to justify, vindicate (ه s.o.), vouch for, or bear witness to, s.o.’s (ه ) integrity, declare (ه s.o.) honest, upright or just, attest the honorable record of s.o. (ه ); to attest the truth, validity or credibility of s.th. (هـ ); to command, praise (ه s.o.); to recommend IV to cause to grow; to grow (هـ s.th.) V to be purified, be chastened

زكي zakīy pl. ازكياء azkiyā’2 pure; chaste; guiltless, blameless, sinless; also = ذكي dakīy, e.g., رائحة زكية )

زكاء zakā’ growth; (moral) purity, integrity, honesty, righteousness

(زكوة) زكاة zakāh pl. زكا zakan, زكوات zakawāt purity; justness, integrity, honesty; justification, vindication; alms- giving, alms, charity; alms tax (Isl. Law) |زكاة الفطر z. al-fiṭr obligatory donation of foodstuffs required at the end of Ramadan, the month of fasting

ازكى azkā purer; more befitting, more appropriate; better

تزكية tazkiya purification, chastening; pronouncement of s.o.’s integrity or credibility; attentation of (a witness’) honorable record (Isl. Law)

زل zalla (1st pers. perf. zalaltu) i (zall) and zalla (1st pers. perf. zaliltu) a (زلل zalal) to slip; to make a mistake, commit an error, a slip; to slide off s.o. (عن ), fail to affect s.o. (عن ; said of evil) IV to cause (ه s.o.) to slip; to make (ه s.o.) stumble or trip

زل zall a kind of reed (syr.)

زلة zalla slip, lapse | زلة اللسان z. lisān slip of the tongue

زل zalal slip, slipping; lapse; mistake, error, oversight

زلال zulāl cold water زلال البيض z. al-baiḍ white of egg, albumen

زلالي zulālī albuminous; زلاليات zulālīyāt proteins |مواد زلالية (mawādd2) proteins

زلابية zalābiya pl. -āt a kind of doughnut cooked in oil and sprinkled with sugar

1 زلج zalaja a (زلوج zulūj) and zalija a to slip; to slide along, glide along V do. |تزلج على الثلج (talj) to skate VII = V

زلج zalj slippery

زليج zalīj slippery

مزلج mizlaj pl. مزالج mazālij2 skate

مزلاج mizlāj pl. مزاليج mazālīj2 (sliding) bolt (on a door)

2 زليج zulaij faïence, ornamental tile

زليجي zulaijī faience, ornamental tile

زلزل zalzala to shake, rook, convulse, cause to tremble (ه, هـ s.th., s.o.); pass. zulzila also: to waver, stumble II tazalzala to quake (earth)

زلزلة zalzala pl. زلازل zalāzil earthquake

زلزال zalzāl, zilzāl concussion, shock, convulsion; earthquake

زلط zalaṭa u to swallow, gulp down, gobble (هـ s.th.) II to strip, undress (ه s.o.) V to undress, strip

زلط zulṭ nakedness, nudity

زلط zalaṭ (coll.; n. un. ة ) (eg.) gravel, pebbles; road metal, ballast

زلعة zal‘a pl. زلع zila‘ (eg.) a kind of tall clay jar

زلعوم zal‘ūm pl. زلاعيم zalā‘īm2 gullet, throat

زلف zalafa u (zalf, zalaf, زليف zalīf) to approach (الى s.o. or s.th.), advance (الى toward), go near II to exaggerate, blow up (هـ a report, في in) IV to bring near, bring close (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to flatter (الى s.o.), fawn (الى upon s.o.), curry favor, ingratiate o.s. (الى with s.o., also ل ) VIII ازدلف izdalafa to flatter

زلف zalaf servile flattery, sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking

زلفة zulfa and زلفى zulfā servile flattery, sycophancy, toadyism, bootlicking

متزلف mutazallif sycophant, toady, bootlicker

زلق zaliqa a (zalaq) and zalaqa u (zalq) to glide, slide; to slip II to make slippery (هـ s.th.); to slip, glide (في هـ s.th. into) IV to cause (ه s.o.) to slip | ازلقه ببصره (bi-baṣarihī) to look at s.o. sternly or disapprovingly V and VII to glide, slide; to skid, slither, slide (الى into s.th.), to slip; to ski; to skate | انزلق على الثلج (talj) to ski; to skate VII to slip from s.o.’s (عن ) hand, from s.th. (عن )

زلق zaliq slippery

زلقة zalqa (n. vic.) slip, skid, slideslip

زلاقة zalāqa slipperiness

زلاقة zallāqa pl. -āt sleigh, sledge, sled; toboggan; toboggan chute, sledding course; gutter, eaves trough

مزلق mazlaq pl. مزالق mazāliq2 slippery spot; slide, chute; esp. pl. treacherous, perilous ground, pitfalls, dangers, perils

مزلقان mazlaqān (dual) (loading) ramp; gradient, ramp, driveway, access road

مزلق mizlaq skate; مزلقان a pair of skates | O مزلق ذو عجلات (‘ajalāt) roller skate

مزلقة mizlaqa pl. مزالق mazāliq2 sleigh, sledge, sled; toboggan

انزلاق inzilāq slipping, sliding, skidding; skiing; skating

منزلق munzaliq: باب منزلق sliding door

1 زلم zalam pl. ازلام azlām arrow without head and feathers, used in divination

2 زلومة zullūma, zallūma pl. زلالم zalālim2 trunk (of an elephant)

زم zamma u (zamm) to tie up, fasten, tighten (هـ s.th.); to truss up (هـ s.th.) | زم بانفه (bi-anfihī) to turn up one’s nose, be supercilious II to bridle (هـ a camel), put the bridle (هـ on a camel)

زمام zimām pl. ازمة azimma camel halter, nose rope of the camel; rein, bridle; halter; day hook; register; ground, land | بزمامه under his supervision, under his direction, زمام الأمر z. al-amr reins of power, قبض على ازمة الأمر to hold the reins of power in one’s hand, be in control of power, wield power; تولى زمام الحكم tawallā z. al-ḥukm to seize the reins of power, assume power

زمت V to be prim, sedate, staid

زمت tazammut primness gravity, sedateness

متزمت mutazammit grave, stern, staid, sedate (character); prim; narrow-minded

J'!-j zam;ara (;j~j zam;ara) to .oold, to

storm, rage, rave

زمجر zamjara (زمجرة zamjara) to scold; to storm, rage, rave

1 زمر zamara i u (zamr, زمير zamīr) to blow, play (a wind instrument) II do.

زمر zamr blowing, playing (of a wind instrument)

زمر zamr pl. زمور zumūr a wind instrument resembling the shoe; horn (of an automobile; syr.)

زمرة zumra pl. زمر zumar troop; group (of people); زمرة دموية blood group

زمار zammār player (on a wind instrument), piper

زمارة zammāra, zummāra pl. زمامير zamāmīr2 (eg.) a wood-wind instrument consisting of two pipes, related to the clarinet; siren |زمارة الإنذار z. al-indār warning siren

مزمار mizmār single-pipe wood-wind instrument resembling the oboe

مزمور mazmūr pl. مزامير mazāmīr2 psalm

2 ازمير izmīr2 Izmir, Smyrna (seaport in W Turkey)

زمرد zumurrud emerald

زمردى zumurrudī emerald(-colored)

زمزم zamzama to rumble, roll (thunder); to murmur

زمزم zamzam copious, abundant (esp. water); Zemzem, name of a well in Mecca

زمزمية zamzamīya water flasak, canteen; O thermos bottle

زمزمة zamzama pl. زمازم zamāzim2 roll of thunder; roar of a lion

زمط zamaṭa to escape, slip away

زمع II end IV to determine (على, هـ on), decide, resolve, be determined (على, هـ to do s.th.)

مزمع muzmi‘ determined, rseolved; -- muzma‘ and مزمع عليه decided; imminent; forthcoming, prospective | المؤتمر المزمع عقده في al-mu’tamar al-m. ‘aqduhū fī the conference which is to be held on (with following date)

1 زمل III to keep (ه s.o.) company, be s.o.’s (ه ) companion, be a colleague or associate (ه في of s.o. in s.th.); to accompany (ه s.o.) VI to be comrades, be close companions

زملة zumla party, company (of people)

زميل zamīl pl. زملاء zumalā’2 companion, crony, associate, comrade; colleague; accomplice

زميلة zamiīla pl. -āt (woman) companion; (woman) colleague; sister ship

زمالة zamāla comradeship; colleagueship; fellowship |زمالة دراسية (dirāsīya) scholarship, stipend (ir.)

2 ازميل izmīl pl. ازاميل azāmīl2 chisel

زمن zamina a (زمانة zamāna) to be chronically ill IV to stay long, remain (ب at a place); to last long; to be chronic (disease)

زمن zaman pl. ازمان azmān time; period, stretch of time; duration; زمنا zamanan for some time

زمنة zamana period or time

زمن zamin, زمين zamīn pl. زمنى zamnā chronically ill

زمان zamān pl. ازمنة azmina time; duration; fortune, late, destiny | من زمان for some time (past), for quite a while; على الزمان always, ever; اهل زمانه ahl z. his contemporaries

زمنى zamanī temporal, time (adj.); worldly, earthly; passing, transient, transitory; secular |الغام زمنية mines with time fuse; قنبلة زمنية (qunbula) time bomb

زماني zamānī temporal, time; worldly, earthly; passing, transient, transitory; secular

زمنية zamanīya and زمانية zamānīya period or time, given time

زمانة zamāna chronic illness

مزمن muzmin lasting, enduring, long, lived; old, deep-seated, inveterate; chronic

زمهر zamhara to become red, flushed, blood-shot IV ازمهر izmaharra do.

زمهرير zamharīr bitter cold, severe frost

زن zanna u (zann) to buzz, drone (insect)

زن zann buzz(ing), drone

زنأ zana’a to be limited, be restricted, be confined, be curbed, be suppressed II to restrict, keep within bounds, beset, harry, drive in a corner (على s.o.)

زنبر II tazanbara to display proud, haughty manners (على toward s.o.)

زنبور zunbūr pl. زنابير zanābīr2 hornet

زنبرك zanbarak, zunburuk, zunburak pl. زنابك (metal) spring; spiral spring; cock (of a rifle, etc.)

زنبق zanbaq (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. زنابق zanābiq2 lily; iris (bot.)

زنبلك zanbalik = زنبرك

زنبيل zanbīl, zinbīl pl. زناببيل zanābīl2 basket made of palm leaves

زنتاري zintārī dysentery

زنج zanj, zinj (coll.) pl. زنوج zunūj Negro(es)

زنجي zanjī, zinjī Negro (adj. and n.)

زنجبار zanjabār Zanzibar (island and seaport of E African coast)

زنجبيل zanjabīl ginger

1 زنجر zanjara to flip, snap (with the fingers)

2 زنجار zinjār verdigris

زنجفر zunjufr, zinjafr cinnabar

زنجير zinjīr pl. زناجير zanājīr2 chain |حساب الزنجير double-entry bookkeeping

زنخ zanika a (zanak) to turn rancid

زنخ zanik rancid, rank

زند zand m. and f., pl. زناد zinād, زنود zunūd stick of a fire drill, a primitive device for kindling fire; by extension, the whole fire drill; -- zand, zind (pl. زنود zunūd) ulna (anat.); forearm

زناد zinād pl. ازند aznida fire steel; cock, hammer (of a rifle, etc.) | حجر الزناد ḥajar az-zinād flint

زندق II tazandaqa to be a freethinker, an atheist

زندقة zandaqa atheism

زنديق zindīq pl. زنادقة zanādiqa zendik, unbeliever, freethinker, atheist

زنر II: زنر اليه بعينه (bi-‘ainihī) to glare at s.o.

زنار zunnār and زنارة zunnāra pl.

زنانير zanānīr2 belt, girdle; sash; band or rope worn around the waist; cross stripe, traverse band

زنزانة zinzāna pl. -āt prison cell (eg.)

زنلخت zanzalakt China tree (Melia azedarach; bot.)

زنطارية zinṭārīya dysentery

زنق zanaqa i (rang) to tighten, constrict (هـ s.th.); to hobble (هـ an animal) II to keep on short rations, scrimp (على s.o.), be stingy, tight-fisted (على toward)

زنقة zanaqa (magr. zanga) pl. زنق zinaq narrow street, lane, alley, dead-end street

زنق zināq neckband, collar

زنك zink zinc

زنمردة zanmarda virago, termagant

زنيم zanīm low, despised, ignoble, mean; bastard; stranger, outsider

زنى zanā i (زنى, زنا zinan, زناء zinā’) to commit adultery, fornicate, whore

زنى zinan adultery; fornication

زناء zinā’ adultery; fornication

زان zānin pl.; زناة zunāh fornicator, adulterer

زاننية zāniya pl. زوان zawānin2 whore, harlot; adulteress

زهد zahada a, zahida a and zahuda u (zuhd) to abstain (في from, also عن, هـ ), renounce, abandon, foresake (في s.th., also عن, هـ ), withdraw (في, هـ from), refuse to have anything to do with (في, هـ) | زهد في الدنيا (dunyā) to renounce pleasure in worldly things, become an ascetic, lead a pious, ascetic life II to induce (ه s.o.) to withdraw or abstain (في from); to spoil s.o.’s (ه ) pleasure in (في ), arouse a dislike (في ه in s.o. for) V to practice asceticism, withdraw from the world X to deem little, insignificant, trifling, small

زهد zuhd (voluntary) renunciation (في of s.th.); jndifference (في to, esp. to worldly things); abstemiousness, abstinence; asceticism | الزهد في الدنيا (dunyā) asceticism

زهيد zahīd little, low, moderate (esp. price), insignificant, peltry, trifling. small; a little, a small amount (في of)

زهادة zahāda smallness, lowness, moderateness

تزهد tazahhud asceticism, life of retirement devoted to the service of God

زهد zāhid pl. زهاد zuhhād abstemious, abstinent, continent, self-denying; ascetic

زهر zahara a (زهور zuhūr) to shine, give light, be radiant IV to glow, gleam, glare, shine; to blossom, be in bloom (plant, flower) VIII ازدهر izdahara to shine brightly, be radiant; to blossom, be in bloom; to flourish, prosper, thrive

زهر zahr, (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. زهور zuhūr, ازهر azhur, ازهار azhār, ازاهر azāhir2, ازاهير azāhīr2 flowers; blossoms; --cast iron (also زهر الحديد) |زهر الثالوث z. at-tālūt pansy; زهر الربيع primrose; زهر العسل al-‘asal honeysuckle; زهر اللؤلؤ z. al-lu’lu’ daisy; ماء الزهر orange-flower water

زهرة zahra (n. un.) pl. āt flower, blossom; splendor, beauty

زهرة zuhra brilliancy, light, brightness; beauty |زهرة الغسيل bluing

الزهرة az-zuhara the planet Venus

زهرى zuharzi syphilis |امراض زهرية venereal diseases

زهر zuhrīya pl. -āt flower vase

زهار zahhār, florist

زهراوى zahrāwī gay, merry, cheerful (person)

ازهر azhar2 shining, luminous, radiant, brilliant; bright; -- (elative) more radiant |الأزهران sun and moon; جامع الأزهر and الجامع الأزهر Al Azhar Mosque and University in Cairo

ازهرى azharī of or pertaining to Al Azhar; (pl. -ūn) Azhar student

مزهر mizhar pl. مزاهر mazāhir2 ancient Arabic variety of the lute; (now pronounced mazhar) a kind of tambourine (eg.)

مزهرية mazharīya flowerpot

تزهير tazhīr bloom, florescence

ازهار izhār florescence

ازدهار izdihār flourishing, florescence, bloom, heyday

زاهر zāhir shining, luminous, radiant, brilliant; bright

مزهر muzhir blooming, in bloom; shining, luminous, bright

زهف zahafa a (زهوف zuhūf): زهف الى الموت to be on the verge of death VIII ازدهف الى الموت do.

زهق zahaqa a (zahq, زهوق zuhūq) to die, pass away, run out, come to nothing; زهقت نفسه (nafsuhū) and زهقت روحه (rūḥuhū) to give up the ghost, die; to weary, become tired (من of s.th.), be disgusted (من with s.th.) IV to bring about the ruin or downfall of s.th. (هـ ); to destroy, annihilate (هـ s.th.); (الروح) ازهق النفس to be disgusting, be revolting

زهوق zuhūq dying, passing, bound to vanish

زهم zuhm offensive smell

زهم zahm malodorous, fetid

زهمة zuhma offensive smell

زهومة zuhūma offensive smell

زها (زهو ) zahā u (zahw) to blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow, thrive; to shine brightly, be radiant, glow, gleam; to give o.s. airs, be haughty, conceited; to pride o.s. (ب upon, both in a favorable and a pejorative sense); pass. زهى zuhiya to be proud, conceited (ب of), pride o.s. (ب on), boast (ب of), vaunt (ب s.th.) IV to blossom, flower, be in bloom; to grow, thrive; to give o.s. airs, be conceited, be boastful VIII ازدهى izdahā and pass. uzduhiya to be self-satisfied, complacent, conceited, proud; izdahā to shine (ب at, in s.th.), have (ب an accomplishment) to show; to boast (ب of s.th.), vaunt (ب s.th.)

زهو zahw and zuhuw bloom, florescence; splendor; beauty; pride; haughtiness, arrogance; vanity, a vain or futile thing or things; fun, play, amusement

زهى zahīy brilliant, splendid, magnificent, gorgeous, sumptuous

زهاء zahā’ radiance, brilliancy, splendor

زهاء zuhā’ number, amount; zuhā’a roughly, about, some (with foll. figure)

ازهى azhā more flourishing; prouder, more conceited

ازدهاء izdihā’ bloom, florescence, flourishing; heyday; shining; glittering, splendor, radiance; pride (both in a favorable and a pejorative sense)

زاه zāhin shining, brilliant, radiant, resplendent; glowing; splendid, gorgeous, magnificent, gaudy, beautiful

مزهو mazhūw proud (ب of); haughty, supercilious, vainglorious; cocky, overbearing

زوبعة see زبع

2 زوج II to pair, couple (من or ب هـ s.th. with), join in pairs or couples (هـ s.th.); to double, geminate (هـ s.th.); to employ parallelism (rhet.); to marry off, give in marriage (ه, هـ, ها من a girl to s.o.) III to form a pair or couple; to use in parallel construction, join in a pair (بين two words, rhet.); to marry, join in wedlock, unite in matrimony (بين -- و s.o. with) V to get married (من, ب, على, ه with), marry (من, ب, على, ه s.o.) VI to intermarry; to pair, come together forming a pair, be in pairs, be double VIII ازدوج izdawaja to pair, he in pairs, be double, appear twice

زوجة zauja pl. ازواج azwāj one of a pair; husband; wife; mate, partner; couple, pair (also, e.g., of shoes); dual زوجان couple

زوجة zauja pl. -āt wife

زيجة zīja marriage, wedding

زوجي zaujī in pairs, paired; double; marital, matrimonial, conjugal; doubles (tennis)

زيجي zījī marital, matrimonial, conjugal, connubial

زوجية zaujīya pl. -āt matrimony, marriage

زواج zawāj marriage (من with); wedding; matrimony, wedlock |وحدة الزواج wahdat az-z. monogamy

مزاوج mizwāj frequently marrying

تزويج tazwīj marrying off (of a woman, من to)

زواج zawāj doubling, duplication; parallelism (rhet.)

مزاوجة muzāwaja pairing, coupling, close union (of two things)

تزوج tazawwuj marriage

تزاوج tazāwuj intermarriage

ازدواج izdiwāj pairedness doubleness; O coupling (el.) |ازدواج ضريبي (ḍarībī) double taxation

متزوج mutazawwij married

مزدوج muzdawij double, twofold, two- (e.g., of a railroad: two-track)

2 زاج look up alphabetically

زاح (زوح ) zāḥa u = (زيح) زاح zāḥa i

زود II to supply with provisions (ه هـ s.o.), provision (هـ ب , s.o. with); to provide, supply, equip (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with); to endow (ه ب s.o. with); to enrich (هـ ب s.th. with) IV to supply with provisions (ه s.o.) V to be supplied (with provisions); to take along provisions (on a journey); to learn (من from s.o.); to provide o.s., supply o.s equip o.s. (ب with)

زاد zād pl. ازواد azwād, ازودة azwida provisions, supplies, stores

زواد zawād provisions

زوادة zuwwāda provisions

مزود mizwad pl. مزاود mazāwid2, مزائد mazāid2 provision bag, haversack

مزادة mazāda provision bag, haversack

تزويد tazwīd supply, purveyance (ب of). provision, equipment (ب with); manning (of ships)

زائدة pl. زوائد see زيد

مزود muzawwid pl. -ūn contractor, supplier, furnisher, purveyor, victualer, caterer

مزود muzawwad provided, supplied, furnished (ب with); equipped (ب with); armed (ب with guns) ; conneoted (ب with), attended, accompanied (ب by)

زار (زور ) zāra u (zaur, زيارة ziyāra) to visit (ه s.o.), call (ه on s.o.), pay a visit (ه to); to afflict (ه s.o.) II to forge, falsify, counterfeit (ه s.th.); to fake, simulate VI to exchange visits IX to turn aside, turn away, dissociate o.s. (عن from); to be averse (عن to s.th.); ازور به to turn s.o. away, alienate s.o. (عن from) X to desire s.o.’s (ه ) visit

زور zaur upper part of the chest; throat |آلام الزور sore throat

زور zūr lie, untruth; falsehood |شهادة الزور šahādat az-z. false testimony

زور zūr force | بالزور by force, forcibly

زور zawar inclination, obliqueness, slant; crookedness; falseness; perfidy, insidiousness; squint

زورة zaura (n. vic.) pl. -āt visit, call

زيارة ziyāra pl. -āt visit; call (social, of a doctor)

ازور azwar2, f. زوراء zaurā’2, pl. زور zūr inclined, slanting, oblique; crooked, curved; squint-eyed, cross-eyed

مزار mazār pl. -āt place which one visits; shrine, sanctuary

تزوير tazwīr forgery, falsification |تزوير في السندات (sanadāt) falsification of documents

ازورار izwirār turning away; averseness, aversion, dislike, distaste

زائر zā’ir pl. -ūn, زوار zuwwār, f. زائرة zā’ira pl. -āt, زور zuwwar visitor, caller, guest

مزور mazūr visited

مزور muzawwar forged, false, counterfeit; obtained by swindle, faked

زورق zauraq pl. زوارق zawāriq2 boat, rowboat, skiff |زورق بخاري (bukhārī) steam launch; زورق الصيد z. aṣ-ṣaid fishing boat; زورق النجاة z. an-najāh lifeboat; O زورق ناصف torpedo boat

1 زاغ (زوغ ) zāga u (zaug, زوغان zawagān) to turn aside, depart, deviate (عن from), swerve; to deviate from truth, to swindle; see also زيغ VI to turn aside, swerve

2 زاغ look up alphabetically

زوفاء zūfā’, زوفى zūfā hyssop (bot.)

1 زوق II to adorn, embellish, ornament, decorate (هـ s.th.); to picture, visualize (هـ a story, in one’s imagination)

زواق zawāq embellishment, adornment, ornamentation; decoration; finery, attire; face painting, make-up, cosmetics

مزوق muzawwaq adorned, embellished, ornamented, decorated; florid, flowery (speech); dressed up, meretricious, showy, gaudy

2 زاووق ,زاؤوق look up alphabetically

زول ) and زال (زيل zāla (1st pers. perf. zultu) u (زوال zawāl) to go away, withdraw (عن or من from), abandon, leave (عن or من s.o. or s.th.); to disappear, vanish; to abate, calm down, die down, come to an end; to go down, set; -- (1st pers. perf. ziltu) a (zail) to cease (with negations only) |of زول: زال منه الغضب (gaḍab) his wrath abated; زال عن الوجود to cease to exist; -- of زيل : with neg. ما زال, لم يزل (yazal), لا يزال equivalent to Engl. “still, yet”: ما زلت افعله (af‘aluhū) I have not ceased to do it, I (am) still do(ing) it; ما زال قائما he is still standing, ما زال في he has not ceased to be or to remain in, he is still in; لا يزال في حاجة اليه he is still in need of it, he still needs it; لا يزال على ذكر منه (dikrin) he still remembers him II زول zawwala to remove, eliminate (هـ s.th.), -- زيل zayyala to separate, break up, disperse, scatter (هـ s.th.) III زاول zāwala to pursue (هـ s.th.), devote o.s. apply o.s. (هـ to); -- زايل zāyala to separate, part (هـ, ه from), leave, quit, abandon (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to separate

(بين s.th.) |زايل الدار to move out of the house, leave the house IV to cause to cease or stop, make disappear or vanish (هـ s.th.), to remove, eliminate (هـ s.th.), put an end (هـ to s.th.), do away (هـ with s.th.), make a clean sweep (هـ of s.th.) VI تزايل tazāyala to be disjointed, incoherent; to pass away, cease, stop

زول zaul pl. ازوال azwāl person, body, figure, nightly apparition, specter, ghost, phantom, spirit

زوال zawāl end, passage, extinction, disappearance, vanishing, cessation; setting (of the sun); noon |سريع الزوال ephemeral, evanescent, fleeting, بعد الزوال in the afternoon; عند الزوال around noon, by noon; خط الزوال kaṯṭ az-z. meridian

زوالي zawālī: في الساعة الرابعة زوالية atfour o’clock in the afternoon, at four p.m.

زولية zūlīya pl. زوالي zawālī (ir., saud.) knotted rug

مزولة mizwala pl. مزاول mazāwil2 sundial

مزاولة muzāwala pursuit (of s.th.), application (to); assiduous study; practice (of some work, of a profession)

ازالة izāla removal, elimination

زائل zā’il transitory, passing, evanescent, fleeting, ephemeral, short-lived

زولوجيا zōlōjiyā zoology

زولوجي zōlōjī zoologic(al)

زام (زوم ) zāma u (eg.) to growl, snarl (dog) II to mumble, mutter

زوم zūm pl. ازوام azwām juice, sap

1 زان , زانة look up alphabetically

2 زوان ziwān, zuwān = زؤان (q.v.)

زوى zawā i to contract, wrinkle, knit (هـ s.th., e.g., the eyebrows), to remove (هـ s.th.); to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.) |زوى ما بين عينيه (‘ainaihi) he knitted his eye-brows, he frowned (in anger, and the like) II and V to withdraw into a corner, go into seclusion, retire VII do., to keep to o.s., live in seclusion or retirement |انزوى في جلده (jildihī) to crawl inside o.s. (out of shame, and the like)

انزواء inziwā’ retirement, seclusion, isolation

زاوية zāwiya pl. زوايا zawāyā corner, nook; angle (math.); a small mosque, prayer room; (North Afr.) small cupolaed mosque erected over the tomb of a Muslim saint, with teaching facilities and a hospice attached to it, usually the establishment of a religious order |الزاوية الحادة (ḥādda) acute angle, الزاوية الخارجة external angle, متساوى الزوايا mutasāwī az-z. equiangular, الزاوية المنفرجة (munfarija) obtuse angle, الزاوية القائمة right angle, حجر الزاوية ḥajar az-z. cornerstone; من زوايا مختلفة (muktalifa) from different angles (i.e., aspects)

منزو munzawin seclusive, secluding; retired, secluded, outlying, remote, out-of-the-way, obscure

زي II زيى, زيا zayyā to dress, clothe, costume (ه ب s.o. in) V تزيى, تزيا tazayyā to dress, put on a dress or costume; to dress up, smarten o.s. up, to be dressed, be clad (ب in), wear (ب th.)

زي ziyy pl. ازياء azyā’ clothing, dress, apparel, attire; O uniform; outward appearance, make-up; costume; style of dress, manner of dressing; fashion; exterior, guise, form, shape |على الزي الجديد fashionable, modish, stylish

زيبق zībaq (= زئبق zi‘baq) quicksilver, mercury

زيت II to oil, lubricate, grease (هـ a machine, and the like); to add oil (هـ to some food)

زيت zait pl. زيوت zuyūt oil (edible, fuel, motor oil, etc.) |زيت حار (ḥārr) linseed oil; زيت حلو (ḥulw) sweet oil, oil free of hydrogen sulfide; زيت الحوت z. al-ḥūt cod-liver oil; زيت الخروع z. al-kirwa‘ castor oil; زيت السمك z. as-samak cod-liver oil; زيت التشحيم lubricating oil; زيت الاستصباح fuel oil; زيت الغاز z. al-gāz kerosene

زيتي zaitī oily, oil (adj.), oil-bearing |صورة زيتية or لوحة زيتية (ṣūra, lauḥa) oil painting

زيات zayyāt oil dealer, oilman

زيتون zaitūn (coll.; n. un. ة ) olive tree; olive(s) |احد الزيتون aḥad az-z. Palm Sunday (Chr.); جبل ازيتون jabal az-z. Mount of Olives (Jerusalem)

زيتونة zaitūna (n. un.) pl. -āt olive tree; olive |جامع الزيتونة the Zaitouna Mosque (large mosque and university in Tunis)

زيتوني zaitūnī olivaceous, olive-colored, olive-green; (pl. -ūn) student of the Great Mosque of Tunis

زيتونية zaitūnīya, احد الزيتونية aḥad az-az. Palm Sunday (Cop.-Chr.)

مزيتة mazyata oil can, oiler

مزيت muzayyat oiled

1 زيج zīj leveling line (used by masons); ephemeris, astronomical almanac

2 زيجة zīja and زيجي zījī see زوج

زاح (زيح ) zāḥa i (zaiḥ, zuyūḥ, زيحان zayaḥān) to go away, depart, leave IV to remove, drive away, banish (هـ s.th.), do away with (هـ ); to take away (هـ s.th.); to pull away, throw back (هـ a curtain, a veil, etc., عن from s.th.) |ازاح اللثام عن to reveal, disclose s.th.; ازاح الستار عن تمثال (timtāl) to unveil a monument VII to go away, depart, leave; to be pulled away, be thrown back (curtain)

زيح zīh pl. ازياح azyāḥ (straight) line

زياح zayyāḥ pl. -āt religious procession

ازاحة izāḥa removal, abolition |ازاحة الستار unveiling (of a monument)

زاد (زيد ) zāda i (زيادة ziyāda) to become greater, become more, grow, increase, be compounded, multiply; to be greater, be more, amount to more (عن or على than), exceed (عن or على s.th., an amount, ب by), go beyond an amount or number (على ); to augment, increase, compound (هـ s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) grow or increase; to step up, raise (من, هـ s.th., الى هـ s.th. to); to add (على هـ s.th. to); to add, make additions (على to), enlarge (على s.th.); to extend, expand, further, advance, promote, intensify (في or من s.th.); to give more (هـ ه to s.o. of s.th.) |لا يزيد على it is no more than , it is only ; زاد قائلا he added (in speech followed by quotation); زد على ذلك (zid) (prop.: add to it that ...) in addition to that there is ..., what’s more, there is ...; furthermore, moreover; زاده علما (‘ilman) to tell s.o. more about it, supply s.o. with more information II to increase, augment, compound, make grow m to make a higher bid (ه than s.o.), outbid (ه s.o.; at an auction) V to increase; to nee, go up (prices); to make additions, add embellishments of one’s own, exaggerate (in telling s.th.); to be long-winded, verbose |تزيد من العلم، من المعرفة (‘ilm, ma‘rifa) to acquire additional knowledge, increase one’s knowledge VI to outbid one another; to increase gradually, be growing; to become more intense, intensify; to become more and more, exceed more and more (من s.th.) VIII ازداد izdāda to grow, be growing, increase, be compounded, multiply |ازداد بكاء (bukā’an) he wept more and more X to demand more, ask for more, go up with one’s demands; to try to achieve more; to aim or work at an increase, expansion or extension (هـ of); to ask (ه s.o.) to give more of s.th.

الزيدية az-zaidīya a Shiitic group forming an independent commonwealth (Yemen)

الزيود az-zuyūd the Zaidites, adherents of the Zaidiya sect

زيادة ziyāda increase, increment, accretion, growth; surplus, overplus, excess; increase, augmentation, raising, stepping up; enhancement, elevation, intensification; extra pay, allowance (in addition to the salary); addition; زيادة ziyādatan in addition, additionally |زيادة عن (ziyādatan) over and above, beyond, in excess of; regardless of; aside from; حمله زيادة عن تحمله ḥammalahū z. ‘an taḥammulihi he loaded him with more than he could carry; زيادة على ذلك (ziyādatan) moreover, besides; زيادة المواليد excess of births; لزيادة الإيضاح (īḍāḥ) in order to make it even clearer, for further elucidation

ازيد azyad2 more excessive, higher, greater, bigger

مزاد mazād pl. -āt auction, public sale

مزيد mazīd an exceeding (على of s.th.); excess, superabundance; high degree, large extent; utmost, maximum; (with foll. genit.) excessive, extreme, utmost, highest, greatest, superlative; pass. partic. of I: increased, etc.; the derivative stems of the verb (gram.) |بمزيد الشكر bi-m. iš-šukr with many, many thanks; بمزيد الأسف bi-m. il-asaf with the greatest regret; بمزيد الارتياح with extreme satisfaction; ليس له من مزيد it is unsurpassable, it’s not to be outdone

مزايدة muzāyada pl. -āt auction, public sale

تزيد tazayyud exaggeration (in reporting), one’s own embellishments or additions, fables, yarn

تزايد tazāyud (gradual) increase, increment, growth

ازدياد izdiyād increase, growth, rise, intensification

استزادة istizāda a striving for more; pursuit of an increase, expansion or extension; desire or request for more |لم يبق استزادة لمستزيد (yabqa, li-mustazīdin) there is nothing to be added, nothing more need be said about it

زائد zā’id increasing, growing; excessive, immoderate; exceeding (عن s.th.), in excess (عن of); additional, extra, supernumerary |زائد على الحاجة more than necessary, surplus

زائدة zā’ida pl. زوائد zawā’id2 appendage, appendix (anat., zool., bot.); outgrowth (med.) |زائدة معوية (mi‘awīya) and زائدة دودية (dūdīya) vermiform appendix (anat.)

مزايد muzāyid pl. -ūn bidder, outbidder (at an auction)

متزايد mutazāyid steadily increasing, swelling

1 زير II (mor.) to close (هـ a button)

2 زير zīr pl. ازيار azyār, زيار ziyār (eg., magr.) large, almost conical jar, made of porous clay, for storing water

3 زير zīr the highest string of stringed instruments (mus.)

زيز zīz (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. زيزان zīzān cicada; chrysalis

زيزفون zaizafūn jujube (Zizyphus; bot.); linden tree

1 زاغ (زيغ ) zāga i (zaig, زيغان zayagān) to turn aside; to depart, deviate (عن from); to swerve; to turn away (عن from), turn one’s back (عن on); to wander, stray, roam (eyes) IV to cause (هـ s.th.) to deviate |ازاغ عني بصره (baṣarahū) he looked past me, he snubbed me

زيغ zaig and زيغان zayagān a turning aside; deviation, departure (عن from) |زيغ وسداد (sadād) erring and doing right, wrong and right

زائغ zāig deviating, divergent; false, wrong, distorted, perverted |نظرات زائغة (nazarāt) wandering glances

2 زاغ look up alphabetically

زاف (زيف ) zāfa i (zaif) to be false, be spurious II to counterfeit (هـ money); to declare (هـ s.th.) to be false or spurious

زيف zaif falseness; pride; (pl. زيوف zuyūf) false, spurious, forged, counterfeit

ازيف azyaf2 falser, more spurious

تزييف tazyīf falsification, forgery, counterfeiting

زائف zā’if false; forged, counterfeit, spurious |اخبار زائفة false reports; نقود زائفة counterfeit money

مزيف muzayyif forger, counterfeiter

مزيف muzayyaf forged; counterfeit, false, spurious; pseudo-

1 زيق II (eg.) to creak, screech

2 زيق zīq pl. ازياق azyāq collar, neckband; border, hem (of a garment)

زال (زيل ) and II, III, VI see زول

1 زان (زين ) zāna i (zain) to decorate, adorn (هـ s.th.) II to adorn, decorate, embellish, ornament (هـ s.th.); to grace (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.);to shave (ه s.o.); زينت نفسها (nafsahā) to make herself up (lady); to paint in glowing tones, present in a favorable light, extol (ل, الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to conjure up (ه s.th., ل before s.o.’s eyes), create visions (هـ of s.th., ل in s.o.’s mind), lead s.o. (ل ) to believe (ان that); to give (ل s.o.) the idea (ان to do s.th.), suggest (ل ان to s.o. to do s.th.) V to be decorated, be adorned; to dress up, smarten o.s. up, spruce up, preen o.s.; to shave, get a shave VIII ازدان izdāna to be decorated, be adorned; to be graced

زين zain beauty; beautiful, nice, pretty

زينة zīna pl. -āt embellishment, adornment, ornament, decoration; cloth., attire, finery; toilette |زينة الوجه z. al-wajh make-up; بيت الزينة bait az-z. beauty shop; اشجار الزينة ornamental tress; نباتات الزينة nabātāt az-z. ornamental plants; خوان الزينة kuwān az-z. dressing table; غرفة الزينة gurfat az-z. dressing room

زيان zayyān beautiful

زيان ziyān embellishment, adornment, decoration; ornament

زيانة ziyāna barber’s or hairdresser’s trade

تزيين tazyīn adorning, decoration, ornamentation; make-believe, sham, pretense

مزين muzayyin barber, hairdresser

مزين muzayyin decorated, ornamented, adorned (ب with); graced (ب with)

مزدان muzdān decorated, ornamented, adorned (ب with); graced (ب with)

2 زان look up alphabetically

زينكو zinkō zinc

س

سـ sa shortened form of سوف saufa (q.v.)

ساتان sātān satin

ساج sāj pl. سيجان sījān teak, Indian oak

ساجات sījān castanets

سادة sāda simple; plain, unicolored, uniform (fabric) |قهوة سادة (qahwa) unsweetened coffee

سؤدد see2 سود

سئر sa’ira a to remain, be left

سؤر su’r pl. اسآر as’ār rest, remainder, remnant, leftover (esp. of food and beverages)

سؤرة su’ra rest, remainder, remnant, leftover (esp. of food and beverages); vestige of youthful vigor

سائر sā’ir remaining; rest, remainder; (with foll. det. genit.) all

الساسانيون as-sāsānīyūn the Sassanidae, a dynasty of Persian kings (226-651 A.D.)

ساغو sāgō sago

ساكو sākō, ساكوه sack coat, lounge jacket

سأل sa’ala a (سؤال su’āl, مسألة mas’ala, تسآل tas’āl) to ask (عن or ه هـ s.o. s.th. or about s.th.); to inquire (عن ه of s.o. about); to ask (هـ من or ه s.o. for s.th.), request, demand, claim (من هـ or ه from s.o. s.th.) سأله الا sa’alahū illa to implore, adjure s.o. that he ...; سأله عن اخباره to ask s.o. about s.o. else; سأله رأيه (ra’yahā) to ask s.o.’s opinion, consult s.o.; سأله سؤالا to ask s.o. a question; يسأل (yus’alu) he is responsible, answerable (عن for) III to ask, question, interrogate (ه s.o.); to call (ه s.o.) to account IV اسأله سؤله (as’alahū) to fulfill s.o.’s wish, comply with s.o.’s request V tasa’’ala and تسول tasawwala to beg VI to ask; to ask o.s.; to ask one another; تساءل هل (عن ) to ask o.s. whether (about); to inquire (عن about)

سؤل su’l demand, request, wish

سؤلة su’la demand, request, wish

سؤال su’āl pl. اسئلة as’ila question (عن about); request (عن for); inquiry (عن about); demand, claim

سأال sa’’āl given to asking questions, inquisitive, curious

سؤول sa’ūl given to asking questions, inquisitive, curious

مسألة (مسئلة ) mas’ala pl. مسائل masā’il2 question; issue, problem; matter, affair, case; request

مساءلة musā’ala questioning, interrogation

تسول tasawwu1 begging, beggary

تساؤل tasā’ul (self-directed) question; questioning

سائل sā’il pl. –ūn, سؤال su’āl, سألة sa’ala questioner; petitioner; beggar

مسؤول mas’ūl responsible, answerable, accountable (عن for)

مسئولية mas’ūlīya pl. -āt responsibility (عن for)

متسول mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar

1 سام sām Shem (eldest son of Noah)

سامي sāmī Semitic; (pl. -ūn) Semite

اللاسامية al-lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism

2 سئم sa’ima a (سأم sa’m, سآمة sa’āma) to be weary, tired (من or هـ of s.th.), be bored, fed up (من or هـ with s.th.); to dislike, detest, loathe (ان doing s.th.), have an aversion (ان to doing s.th.) IV to cause or arouse weariness or boredom (ه in s.o.), weary, bore (ه s.o.)

سئم sa’im weary, tired, bored

سؤوم sa’ūm disgusted, weary, fed up

سآمة sa’āma weariness, disgust, boredam, ennui

سب sabba u (sabb) to insult, abuse, call names, revile (ه s.o.), rail (ه at); to curse (ه s.o.); to blaspheme, curse, swear II to cause, provoke, arouse, produce, bring about, effect, occasion (هـ s.th.), give occasion (هـ to s.th.) III to exchange insults or abusive language (هـ with s.o.) V to be caused, be produced (عن by), be the consequence or result (عن of), follow, arise, spring, result (عن from); to be the reason or cause, be at the bottom (ب or في of), be to blame (في for), be instrumental (في in); to seek reason or motives (الى for s.th.); to account, give a reason or explanation (الى for), justify, motivate (الى s.th.); to use (ب s.th.) as a means (الى for); to trade, be in the retail business VI to insult each other, call one another names, rail at each other VIII = VI

سب sabb abuse, vituperation, insults, cursing

سبة sabba period of time, (long) while

سبة sibba: سبة الآلام s. al-ālam Passion Week (Chr.)

سبة subba disgrace, shame, dishonor

سبب sabab pl. اسباب asbāb rope, tent rope; means for obtaining s.th.; reason, cause, motive, occasion (with fall. genit. or في : of); means of subsistence; (esp. pl.) relations (between people) |سبب اكبر main reason; اسباب الحكم a. al-ḥukm opinion (jur.); اسباب الراحة luxury; بسبب bi-sababi because of, on account of, due to, by; بسبب ذلك because of that, for that reason, therefore; كان السبب فيه (sababa) to be the cause of s.th., be to blame for s.th.; يرجع السبب الى (yarji‘u) the reason is to be found in ...; اخذ سأسباب الحضارة الحديثة (ḥaḍāra) to adopt modern civilization; وصل اسبابه بأسبابه (asbābahū) to join forces with s.o.; تقطعت الأسباب بين relations between are broken out, they no longer have anything in common; شاطره أسباب المسرة šāṭarahū asbāba al-masarra to share s.o.’s joy

سببية sababīya causality

سباب sabbāb abuser, vituperator, reviler

سبابة sabbāba index finger

سبيب sabīb pl. سبائب sabā’ib2 strand of hair

مسبة masabba pl. -āt vilification, abuse, insult

تسبيب tasbīb mediate causation (Isl. Law)

سباب sibāb abuse, vituperation, revilement

مسابة musābba abuse, vituperation, revilement

مسبب musabbib causer, originator, author; مسببات musabbibāt causative factors

مسبب musabbab caused (عن by) | السبب والمسبب (sabab) cause and effect

متسبب mutasabbib causer; cause; retailer, small storekeeper

سبا sabā and سبأ saba’ Sheba | ذهبوا ايدي (ايادي) سبا d. aidiya (aydiya) sabā they were scattered to the four winds

سبانخ sabānak, sabānik spinach

سباهى see سبايس

سبايس sabāyis and سباهي sibāhī spahis, Algerian native cavalry in the French army

1 سبت sabata u to rest; to keep the Sabbath IV to enter on the Sabbath

السبت as-sabt pl. السبوت as-sabūt Sabbath, Saturday | يوم السبت yaum as-s. do.; سبت النور s. an-nūr Holy Saturday (Chr.)

سبات subāt lethargy; slumber, sleep

سباتي subātī lethargic |اللالتهاب المخى السباتي (mukkī) encephalitis lethargica, sleeping sickness (med.)

مسبت musbit lethargic, inactive, motionless

2 سبت sabat pl. -āt, اسبتة asbita basket

3 سبت sibitt dill (Anethum graveolens; bot.)

سبتمبر sibtambir September

سبج sabaj jet (min.)

سبح sabaḥa a (sabḥ, سبح sibāḥa) to swim (في, ب in); to float (fig.); to spread II to praise, glorify (الله allāha, لله li-llāhi God, by saying سبحان الله subḥāna llāh praise the Lord!); to praise, extol (ب s.th.) |سبح بحمده (ḥamdihī) to sing s.o.’s praise, glorify s.o.

سبحة sabḥa (n. un.) a swim, swimming

سبحة sabḥa pl. سبحات subuḥāt, سبح subaḥ beads of the Muslim rosary; Muslim rosary; supererogatory salat (Isl. Law)

سبحة subḥa, sabḥa pl. سبحات subuḥāt, sabaḥāt majesty (of God) | سبحات وجه الله subuḥātu wajhi llāh the sublimity, or the august splendor, or God’s countenance; سبحات رفيعة (sabaḥāt) lofty heights

سبحان الله subḥāna llāh exclamation of surprise, etc. (prop.: praise the Lord! God be praised!); سبحان الله عن God is far above ..., God is beyond …

سباح sabbāḥ swimmer

سبوح sabūḥ a good swimmer; swift and smooth-running (lit.: floating; of horses)

سباحة sibāḥa (art of) swimming

مسبح masbaḥ pl. مسابح masābiḥ2 swimming pool

مسبحة misbaḥa pl. مسابح masābiḥ2 rosary

تسبيح tasbīḥ pl. -āt, تسابيح tasābīḥ2 glorification of God (by exclaiming سبحان الله )

تسبيحة tasbīḥa pl. -āt, تسابيح tasābīḥ2 glorification of God; hymn, song of praise

تسبحة tasbiḥa hymn, song of praise

سابح sābiḥ pl. -ūn, سباح subbāḥ, سبحاء subaḥā’2 swimmer; bather | سابح في افكاره lost in thought

O سابحة sābiḥa glider, sailplane, cargo glider

سابحات sābiḥāt and سوابح sawābiḥ2 floating ones (epithet for race horses)

مسبحة musabbiḥa index finger

سبحلة sabḥala glorification of God

سبخ sabaka u (sabk) to be sound asleep II do.; to manure, fertilize (الأرض al-arḍa the land)

سبخ sabak dung, manure, fertilizer |سبخ بلدي (baladī) manure

سبخ sabik briny (soil)

سبخة sabaka, sabka pl. سباخ sibāk salt marsh, salt swamp | ارض سبخ do.

سباخ sibāk pl. اسبخة asbika dung, manure, fertilizer | سباخ بلدي (baladī) manure

سبيخ sabīk pl. سبائخ sabā’ik2 loose (unspun) cotton

تسبيخ tasbīk deep, sound sleep; O coma, somnolence (med.)

سبر sabara u i (sabr) to examine with a probe, to probe (هـ a wound); to measure, sound (هـ s.th., e.g., the depth); to fathom, explore, examine (هـ s.th.) | سبر اغوار الشيء to probe the depth of s.th., get to the bottom of s.th., study s.th. thoroughly

سبر sabr probing (of a wound); fathoming, exploration, examination

سبار sibār pl. سبر subūr probe (med.)

سبورة sabūra slate; blackboard

مسبر misbar pl. مسابر masābir2 probe (med.)

مسبار misbār pl. مسابير masābīr2 probe (med.)

سبس sibs small wind instrument resembling the oboe (eg.)

سبسب II tasabsaba to be lank (hair); to flow (tears)

سبسب sabsaba pl. سباسب sabāsib2 desert, wasteland | قفر سبسب (qafr) desert, wasteland, desolate region

سبط sabuṭa u (سبوطة subūṭa, سباطة sabāṭa) to be lank (hair)

سبط sabiṭ, sabṭ, sabaṭ pl. سباط sibāṭ lank (hair) |سبط اليدين sabṭ (sabiṭ) al-yadain liberal, openhanded, generous; سبط القامة s. al-qāma shapely, well-built, of graceful stature

سبط sibṭ pl. اسباط asbāṭ grandson; tribe (of the Israelites)

سباط sabbāṭ pl. سبابيط sabābīt shoe

سباطة subāṭa bunch, cluster (of fruit)

ساباط sābāṭ pl. سوابط sawābīṭ2 arcade, roofed lane or street; archway

سيباط sībāṭ and (eg.) سباط subāṭ arcade, roofed lane or street; archway

سبع II to make sevenfold (هـ s.th.); to divide into seven parts (هـ s.th.)

سبع sab‘ pl. اسبع asbu‘,سبوع subū‘, سبوعة subū‘a predatory animal, beast of prey; lion

سبع sabu‘ pl. سباع siba‘ predatory animal, beast of prey; lion

سبعة sab‘a (f. سبع sab‘) seven; سبعة عشر sab‘ata ‘ašara (f. سبع عشرة sab‘a ‘ašrata) seventeen

سبع sub‘, subu‘ pl. اسباع asbā‘ one-seventh

سباعي subā‘ī consisting of seven parts; seven-lettered, consisting of seven letters

سبعون sab‘ūn seventy

سبعوني sab‘ūnī septuagenarian

الترجمة السبعينية at-tajyama as-sab‘īnīya the Septuagint

السبوعات (Hebr. šebū‘ō­t) as-sabū‘āt Shabuoth, the Feast of Weeks, or Pentecost, of the Jews

اسبوع usbū‘ pl. اسابيع asābī‘2 week |اسبوع الآلام Passion Week (Chr.)

اسبوعي usbū‘ī weekly; اسبوعيا weekly, by the week

اسبوعية usbū‘īya weekly feature (radio)

السابع as-sābi‘ the seventh

سبغ sabaga u a (سبغ subūg) to be long and wide; to abound, be abundant IV to make wide, widen (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) complete; to bestow amply (على upon s.o., هـ s.th.), shower (هـ على s.o. with); to lend, impart liberally (هـ على to s.th. s.th.); to attribute, ascribe (على to s.o., هـ qualities) | اسبغ الوضوء to perform the ritual ablution properly (Isl. Law)

سابغ sābig pl. سوابغ sawābig2 long and loose-fitting (garment); full, complete, perfect; excessive, abundant, ample

سبق sabaqa i u (sabq) to be, come, go, get, or act, before or ahead of s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), precede, antecede (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., in place and time), arrive before s.o. (ه ) at (الى ); to outstrip, outdistance, leave behind (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to forestall (هـ s.th.); to anticipate (o s.th.); to do or say s.th. (الى ) spontaneously before one can be stopped; to turn spontaneously, instinctively, without knowing why (الى to s.th.); to surpass, beat (على or ه s.o.) |سبق له ان فعله (an fa‘alahū) he had already done it before; سبق له ان قابله (an qābalahū) he had met him before (paraphrasing the pluperfect); سبق لنا القول ان (qaulu) we have previously (already) said that ...; سبق الحكم عليه ب (ḥukmu) he had been previously sentenced to …; سبق لي it happened to me before, I experienced before (ان that); لم يسبق لي ان I have never before ...; لم يسبق له مثيل (as) there has never been one before, (which is) unprecedented; سبق السيف العذل s. s-saifu l-‘adla (the sword anticipated censure, i.e.) one has to accept the accomplished fact, there is (was) nothing one can (could) do about it, it is (was) already too late; سبقه لسانه (lisānuhū) to burst out impulsively (with an utterance) II to cause (هـ s.th.) to precede or antecede; to premise (هـ s.th.); to do or give (هـ s.th.) prematurely III to try to get ahead of s.o. (ه ); to try to defeat or beat (ه s.o.), seek to get the better of s.o. (ه ); to race (ه s.o.), run a race (ه with s.o.); to compete, vie (ه with s.o.) VI to try to get ahead of one another, seek to outdo one another. compete, vie; to try to beat one another (الى to ) VIII = VI

سبق sabaq antecedence; precedence, priority | سبق الإصرار s. al-isrār premeditation, willfulness (jur.); ميزة السبق mīzat as-s. initiative; احرز قصد السبق see احرز

سبق sabaq pl. اسباق asbāq stake (in a race)

سبق sabqa: سبقة القلم s. al-qalam slip of the pen, lapsus calami

سبقة subqa stake (in a race)

سباق sabbāq anticipatory; precursory; triumphant | قطار سباق fast train, express train; -- (pl. -ūn) precursor; winner in contest; O race-car driver

اسبق asbaq2 earlier, antecedent; preceding, previous, prior; former, ex- |المقيم الأسبق (muqīm) the ex-resident

اسبقية asbaqīya precedence, priority; seniority

سبق sibāq race (esp. of horses); contest |سباق تتابع 4×100 متر (s. tatābu‘) 4X100 m relay race; حصان السباق race horse; حلبة (ميدان) السبق ḥalbat (maidān) as-s. race track; سباق القوارب regatta, boat race; سباق التسلح s. at-tasalluḥ arms race

مسابقة musābaqa pl. -āt race (esp. of horses); contest; competition; emulation

تسابق tasābuq emulation; competition

سابق sābiq pl. -ūn, سباق subbāq antecedent, preceding, foregoing, previous, prior; former, ex-; retired, ret.; سابقا sābiqan formerly, previously |سابق لأوانه (li-awānihī) premature; في السابق formerly, at one time, once; كالسابق as before; كسابق العادة as it was customary before; as usual; المبلغ السابق صرفه (mablag, ṣarfuhū) the payment already effected

سابقة sābiqa precedence, priority; previous case, precedent; previous, earlier publication of an author; pl. سوابق sawābiq2 antecedents; previous convictions |ذوي) السوابق or) من اصحاب previously convicted; من له سوابق (man) (one) previously convicted; recidivous criminal

سابقية sābiqīya: سابقية القصد s. al-qaṣd premeditation (jur.)

غير مسبوق gair masbūq unprecedented

مسبقا musabbaqan prematurely, in advance

مسابق musābiq pl. -ūn competitor; contestant; racer, runner

متسابق mvla.tdbiq competitor; contestant

سبك sabaka i u (sabk) to found, cast (هـ metal), smelt (هـ ore); to form, shape, mold (ه s.o.); to formulate (هـ s.th.); to polish the style (هـ of s.th.) II to found, cast (هـ metal), smelt (هـ ore); to braise, stew (هـ s.th.) VII to be poured into a mold, be cast

سبك sabk founding, outing; cast (also fig., = arrangement); formulation (of an expression); shaping, forming (of a person) |صناعة سبك المعادن metallurgic industry; سبك ودقة (diqqa) accuracy, precision

سباك sabbāk smelter, founder

سباكة sibāka founder’s trade and activity

سبيكة sabīka pl. سبائك sabā’ik2 ingot

مسبك masbak pl. مسابك masābik2 foundry

تسبيك tasbīk stewing, braising (in a covered dish, with scant moisture)

سبل II to dedicate to charitable purposes (هـ s.th.) IV to let (هـ s.th.) hang down; to let fall, drop (هـ a curtain, drape, etc. على over); to close, shut (على the eyes); to shed (على tears); to ear, form ears

سبل sabal (coll.; n. un. ة ) ears (of cereals)

سبلة sabla manure, dung

سبلة sabala pl. سبال sibāl mustache

سبيل sabīl m. and f., pl. سبل subul, اسبلة asbila way, road, path; access; means, expedient, possibility (الى to, for; -- pl. اسبلة asbila) public fountain); -- pl. سبلان siblān) clay pipe bowl, clay pipe (of the Bedouins) |ابن السبيل ibn as-s. vagabond, tramp; wayfarer, traveler; في سبيل for the sake of, for, in behalf of, in the interest of; بسبيل or عن سبيل by means of, through, by; في سبيل الله for the cause of God, in behalf of God and his religion; علي سبيل by way of, for: e.g., على سبيل التجربة (tajriba) for a try, tentatively, على سبيل الفكاهة (fukāha) for fun, ذكر الشيء على سبيل المثال to quote s.th. as an example; خلى سبيله see خلو; ضاقت به السبل he was at his wit’s end; ليس علي في ذلك سبيل (laisa ‘alayya) there is nothing to keep me from doing that, I am free to do that, it is no sin if I do that

سابل sābil: طريق سابلة a public, much-frequented road

السابلة as-sābila the passers-by

مسبول masbūl lowered, down (curtain)

الأسبان , اسباني look up alphabetically

سبنسة (eg.) sibinsa pl. -āt caboose, brake van; baggage car (railroad)

سبه sabah dotage

عقل مسبوه ‘aql masbūh impaired mind (esp. due to old age), feeble-mindedness

سبهللا sabahlalan indifferently, aimlessly, haphazardly, at random

سباهلة sabāhila people without work, idlers, loafers

سباهى look up alphabetically

سبا look up alphabetically

سبور (Fr. sport) sbōr sport(s)

سبى sabā i (saby, سباء sibā’) to take prisoner, capture; to lead into captivity (esp. in war); to captivate, fascinate, enchant, charm, beguile, intrigue (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VIII = I

سبي saby capture; captivity

سبي sabīy pl. سبايا sabāyā captive, prisoner( of war)

سبية sabīya (female) prisoner

سبيداج sibīdāj white lead, ceruse

سبيذاج sibīdāj white lead, ceruse

س ت abbreviation of سجل تجاري sijill tijārī commercial register

است buttocks, backside

1 ستة sitta (f. ست sitt) six; ستة عشر sittata ‘ašara (f. ست عشرة sitta ‘ašrata) sixteen

ستون sittūn sixty

ستونى sittūnī sexagenarian

السات as-sātt the sixth

2 ست sitt pl. -āt lady |ست الحسن s. al-ḥusn a variety of morning-glory (Ipomoea cairica Webb.; bot.); also = belladonna, deadly nightshade (bot.)

استاذ pl. اساتذة look up alphabetically

ستر satara u i (satr) to cover, veil (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to hide, conceal (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., عن from); to disguise (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.); to shield, guard, protect (ه s.o., هـ s.th., عن against or from); to forgive (هـ على s.o .s.th.), overlook, condone s.th. (هـ ) done by s.o. (على ) II = I; V to be covered, be veiled; to cover o.s., hide o.s., be concealed (على from) VIII to cover o.s., hide o.s.; to be veiled, be hidden, be concealed (على from)

ستر sitr pl. ستور sutūr, استار astār veil; screen; curtain, drape, window curtain; covering; cover (also mil.); protection, shelter, guard, shield; pretext, excuse

سترة sutra pl. ستر sutar jacket; tunic

ستري sutarī (eg.) clown, buffoon

ستار sitār pl. ستر sutur veil, screen; covering; curtain, drape; pretext, excuse |الستار الحديدي the Iron Curtain (pol.); الستار الفضي (fiḍḍī) motion-picture screen; ستار من النار (النيران ) barrage (mil.); رفع الستار عن الشيء to disclose, unveils, s.th. (also a monument); من وراء الستار behind the scenes, backstage (fig.)

الستار as-sattār the Veiler, the Coverer (attribute of God)

ستارة sitāra pl. ستائر satā’ir2 veil; screen; curtain, drape, window curtain; cover, covering

تستر tasattur cover (mil.)

O ساتر sātir screen, folding screen

مستور mastūr hidden, invisible; masked; chaste; (one) having a blameless record (Isl. Law); pl. مساتير masātīr2 hidden, secret things

متستر mutasattir O anonymous

مستتر mustatir hidden, concealed, latent; understood, implied (pronoun)

ستف II to stack up, store up, stow (هـ goods); to arrange

تستيف tastīf stacking, stowing, storage

سته sath, sith, satah pl. استاه astāh buttocks, backside

سجارة sigāra pl. -āt, سجائر sagā’ir2, سجاير sagāyir2 (Eg. spelling) cigarette

اسجح asjaḥ2 f. سجحاء sajḥā’2 well-shaped, shapely, beautiful

سجد sajadah u (سجود sujūd) to bow down, bow in worship; to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s. (ل before); to worship (لله God)

سجدة sajda pl. sajadāt prostration in prayer | احد السجدة aḥa as-s. Whitsunday (Chr.)

سجود sujūd prostration, adoration, warship; also pl. of ساجد sājid (see below)

سجاد sajjād pl. -ūn worshiper (of God)

سجادة sajjāda, coll. سجاد sajjād pl. سجاجيد sajājīd2 prayer rug; rug, carpet | صاحب السجادة and شيخ السجادة title of the leaders of certain dervish orders in their capacity of inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug

مسجد masjid pl. مساجد masājid2 mosque | مسجد جامع (jāmi‘) large mosque, mosque where the Friday prayer is conducted; المسجد الحرام (ḥarām) the Holy Mosque in Mecca; المسجد الأقصى (aqṣā) name of a mosque on Jerusalem’s Temple Square; المسجدان the two Mosques (of Mecca and Medina)

ساجد sājid pl. سجد sujjad, سجود sujūd prostrate in adoration, worshiping

1 سجر sajara u to fire up, heat (هـ a stove, an oven, etc.) II to cause to overflow (هـ water)

مسجر musajjar long and flowing (of hair)

2 سجارة look up alphabetically

سجس II to upset (ه s.o.)

سجع saja‘a a (saj‘) to coo (pigeon); to speak in rhymed prose II to speak in rhymed prose

سجع rhymed prose

سجعة saj‘a a passage of rhymed prose

ساجع composer of rhymed prose

سجف sajf, sijf pl. اسجاف asjāf, سجوف sujūf curtain, veil

سجاف sijāf pl. سجف sujuf curtain, veil

سجق (Turk. sucuk) sujuq sausage |سجق محمر (muḥammar) fried, or grilled, sausage

سجل II to register, enter (هـ s.th.), make an entry (هـ of s.th.); to note down, record (هـ s.th.), make a note of (هـ ); to have (هـ s.th.) recorded, put (هـ s.th.) on record, make a deposition or statement for the official records; to document, prove by documentary evidence (هـ s.th.); to give evidence (هـ or s.th.); to score (هـ s.th., e.g., اصابة a hit); to put down, write down, book (على هـ s.th. to s.o.’s debit); to record (هـ s.th., said of an apparatus; also, e.g., في الشرائط المسجلة on tape); to capture, catch (هـ a scene); to set (هـ a record; athlet.); to register (هـ a letter); to enter (هـ s.th.) in the commercial register; to have (هـ an invention) patented, secure a patent (هـ on) | سجل على نفسه ان to go on record for (doing or being s.th.) III to rival, contend; to dispute, debate (ه with s.o.); to contest (ه s.o.’s right هـ to s.th.) |ساجله الحديث (ḥadīta) to draw s.o. into a conversation, have a talk with s.o.

سجل sijill pl. -āt scroll; register; list, index; سجلات records, archives |السجل التجاري (tijārī) commercial register; السجل الذهبي (dahabī) Golden Book; سجل الزيارات visitors’ book, guest book; سجل التشريفات list of visitors (dipl.); or سجل الأطيان ( سجلات or) cadastre, land register; السجل العقاري (‘aqārī) do.

تسجيل tasjīl pl. -āt entering, entry, registration; documentation; authentication; booking; recording; tape-recording; registering (of mail) |تسجيل عقاري (‘aqārī) entry in the land register; آلة تسجيل الصوت (t. aṣ-ṣaut) tape recorder

سجال sijāl contest, competition with alternate success |كانت الحرب بينهم سجالا (ḥarb) their battle had its ups and downs, they fought each other with alternate success

مساجلة musājala pl. -āt contest, competition; discussion, talk

مسجل musajjil pl. -ūn registrar; notary public; (pl. -āt) tape recorder |شريط مسجل pl. شرائط مسجلة magnetic tape; مسجل الكلية m. al-kullīya secretary of the faculty

مسجل musajjal registered, etc. (see II) |رسالة مسجلة registered letter; مراسلات مسجلة (murāsalāt) registered mail; اطنان مسجلة register tons; حفلة مسجلة (ḥafla) concert of recorded music

سجم sajama u (سجوم sujūm, سجام sijām) to flow, stream, well forth (tears, water); -- sajama i (sajm, سجوم sujūm, سجمان sajamān) to pour forth (هـ water), shed (هـ tears) IV to shed (هـ tears) VII to flow, stream, well forth (water); to be fluent, elegant (speech); to be harmonious; to harmonize, be in keeping (مع with

انسجام insijām fluency; harmony; order

منسجم munsajim harmonious

سجن sajana u (sajn) to jail, imprison (ه s.o.)

سجن sajn detention, imprisonment

سجن sijn pl. سجون sujūn prison, jail

سجين sajīn pl. سجناء sujanā’2, سجنى sajnā imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, prison inmate, convict

سجينة sajīna pl. -āt female prisoner

سجان sajjān jailer, prison guard, warden

مسجون masjūn pl. مساجين masājīn2 imprisoned, jailed, captive; prisoner, prison inmate, convict

سجا (سجو ) sajā u (سجو sajw, سجو sujūw) to be calm, quiet, tranquil (night, sea) II to cover with a winding sheet, to shroud (الميت al-mayyita the deceased) V to cover o.s. (هـ with a garment)

سجية sajīya pl. -āt, سجايا sajāyā nature, natural disposition, temper, character; pl. characteristics, traits | عن سجية of one’s own accord, spontaneously

ساج sājin quiet, calm, tranquil; dark (night)

مسجى musajjan covered with a winding sheet, shrouded (corpse); laid out (corpse)

سح saḥḥa u i (saḥḥ, سحوح suḥūḥ) to flow down, flow, fun, stream | سحت السماء saḥḥat is-samā’ it rained cats and dogs

عين سحاحة ‘ain saḥḥāḥ tearful eye

سحب saḥaba a (saḥb) to trail on the ground, drag along (هـ s.th.); to withdraw (هـ, ه s,o., s.th., also, e.g., a measure, an order, etc.); to pull out (هم troops, عن from); to take away (هـ من from s.o. s.th.), strip, dispossess, divest (هـ من s.o. of); to draw (هـ water); to take out, withdraw (هـ money, from an account); to draw (هـ a bill of exchange, a lot); to unsheathe, draw (هـ a sword); to apply, make applicable (على هـ s.th. to; said of a law or statute) | سحب العمل به على (‘amala) to extend the applicability of s.th. to VII to drag o.s. along, struggle along; to retreat, withdraw, pull out, fall back (من from); to be drawn out; to be applied (على to; of a law or statute)

سحب saḥb withdrawal (of troops, of measures, of rights, of money from an account, etc.); (pl. سحوبات suhūbāt) drawing (in a lottery)

سحاب saḥāb (coll.) clouds

سحابة saḥāba (n. un.) pl. سحائب suḥub, سحائب saḥā’ib2 cloud; (pl. -āt) umbrella (magr.); سحابة saḥābata during, in the course of |سحابة النهار (اليوم ) saḥābata n-nahār (l-yaum) all day long; سرنا سحابة sirnā saḥābata yauminā we have bean traveling all day; سحابة اربعة قرون in the course of four centuries

سحابة suḥāba film on the eye

سحاب saḥḥāb (Syr., Pal.) zipper, slide fastener

مسحب maṣḥab: مسحب الهواء m. al-hawā’ source of the breeze or draft; draft (of air)

انسحاب insiḥāb withdrawal, retreat, pulling out, evacuation (esp. mil.); resignation; stretching, extension

ساحب sāḥib drawer (of a bill of exchange)

المسحوب عليه al-masḥūb ‘alaihi drawee (of a bill of exchange)

سحت suḥt, suḥut pl. اسحات asḥāt s.th. forbidden or banned; illegal possessions, ill-gotten property

سحتوت saḥtūt Eg. square measure of 0.304 m2 (= 1/24 sahm); -- suḥtūt penny

سحج saḥaja a (saḥj) to scrape off, shave off, scratch off, rub off (هـ s.th.); to graze, abrade (هـ the skin), strip off (هـ s.th.) II to scrape off, abrade, strip off (هـ s.th.)

مسحج misḥaj pl. مساحج masāḥij2 plane (tool)

مسحجة misḥaja pl. مساحج masāḥij2 planing machine, planer

مسحاج misḥāj pl. مساحيج masāḥij2 plane (tool)

مسحوج masḥūj raw, sore (like a skin abrasion)

سحر saḥara a (siḥr) to bewitch, charm, enchant, infatuate, fascinate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to wheedle, coax (ه s.o.) II = I; V to have a light meal (shortly before daybreak)

سحر saḥar, suḥr pl. سحور suḥūr, اسحار asḥār lungs, pulmonary region of the body

سحر siḥr bewitchment, beguilement, enchantment, fascination; -- (pl. اسحار asḥār, سحور suḥūr) sorcery, witchcraft, magic; charm (of a woman)

سحري siḥrī magic(al) | فانوس سحري (fānūs) magic lantern, slide projector

سحر saḥar pl. اسحار asḥār time before daybreak, early morning, dawn

سحور saḥūr last meal before daybreak during the month of Ramadan

سحار saḥḥār pl. -ūn sorcerer, magician, wizard, charmer

سحارة saḥḥāra sorceress, witch

سحارة saḥḥāra pl. -āt culvert; (pl. سحاحير (saḥāhīr2) case, crate, chest, box

مساحر masāḥir2: انتفخت مساحره (intafakat) his lungs became inflated (out of fear or pride)

ساحر sāḥir charming, enchanting; (pl. -ūn, سحرة saḥara, سحار suḥḥār) sorcerer, enchanter, magician, wizard, charmer

ساحرة sāḥira pl. -āt, سواحر sawāḥir2 sorceress, witch

سحق saḥaqa a (saḥq) to crush (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to pound, bruise, powder, pulverize (هـ s.th.); to annihilate, wipe out (هـ s.th., e.g., an army); to wear out (هـ clothing); -- saḥiqa a, saḥuqa u (suḥq) to be distant, far away, remote II to crush; to annihilate, destroy V and VII to be crushed, be pounded, be bruised, be pulverized

سحق saḥq crushing, bruising, pulverization; (pl. سحوق suhūq) worn garment, rag

سحق suḥq, suḥuq distance, remoteness; depth, vastness (of an abyss) |سحقا له suḥqan lahū away with him! to hell with him!

سحيق saḥīq far away, distant, remote; deep, bottomless (abyss, depth)

مساحقة musāḥaqa and سحاق siḥāq tribady, Lesbianism

انسحاق القلب insiḥāq al-qalb contrition, penitence, repentance

ساحق sāḥiq crushing; overwhelming (majority)

مسحوق masḥūq ground, grated (bread, nutmeg, etc.); (pl. مساحق masāḥiq2) powder | مسحوق الفحم m. al-faḥm coal dust

منسحق القلب m. al-qalb contrite, penitent, repentant

سحل saḥala a (saḥl) to scrape off, shave off, peel (هـ s.th.); to smooth, make smooth (هـ s.th.); to plane (هـ s.th.); to file (هـ s.th.)

سحالة saḥāla filings, file dust

سحلية siḥlīya pl. saḥālin lizard (eg.)

مسحل misḥa1 pl. مساحل masāḥil2 tool for smoothing, plane; file

ساحل sāḥil pl. سواحل sawāḥil2 littoral, coast, seashore; (Eg.) river harbor, anchorage (on the Nile) |حفر السواحل kafar as-s. coast guard; لا ساحل له (sāḥila) shoreless

ساحلي sāḥilī coastal, littoral; (pl. سواحلة sawāḥila) coastal inhabitant; Swahili

سحلب saḥlab salep (dried tuber of various species of Orchis); a sweet drink made of salep

سحم saḥam blackness, black color

سحمة suḥma blackness, black color

سحام suḥām blackness black color

اسحم asḥam2, f. سحماء saḥmā’2, pl. سحم suḥum black

سحن saḥana a (saḥn) to crush, pound, bruise, grind (هـ s.th.); to smooth by rubbing (هـ s.th.)

سحنة saḥna and saḥana pl. saḥanāt, سحن suḥan (external) appearance, look(s); facial expression, air, mien

مسحنة misḥana pl. مساحن masāḥin2 pestle

سحاءة siḥā’a pl. سحايا saḥāyā cerebral membrane, cortex

سحائي siḥā’ī meningeal |مرض الالتهاب السحائي (maraḍ al-ilt.) meningitis

مسحاة misḥāh pl. مساح masāḥin iron shovel, spade

سختيان suktiyān, siktiyān morocco (leather)

سخر sakira a (sakar, sakr, sukur, sukr, سخرة sukra, مسخر maskar) to laugh, scoff, jeer, sneer (من or ب at), mock, ridicule, deride (من or ب s.o., s.th.), make fun (من or ب of) II to subject, make subservient (ه s.o., هـ s.th., ل to or for the purpose of); to make serviceable (ل هـ s.th. to), employ, utilize, turn to profitable account (ل هـ s.th. for), make use (هـ, ه of, ل for); to exploit (ه s.o., هـ s.th., ل for) V to reduce to servitude, subjugate (ه s.o.); to scoff, jeer, sneer

سخرة sukra laughingstock, target of ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced labor | رجال السخرة serfs, bondsmen; اعمال السخرة forced labor, slave labor

سخري sukrī, sikrī laughingstock, target of ridicule; corvée, statute labor, forced labor

سخرية sukrīya scorn, derision, mockery, irony; laughingstock, object of ridicule

مسخرة maskara pl. -āt, مساخر masākir2 object of ridicule, laughingstock; ridiculous, droll, ludicrous; masquerade

تسخير taskīr subjugation, subjection; exploitation

مسخر musakkir oppressor

سخط sakiṭa a (sakal) to be annoyed (على or هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th.), be displeased, be angry (هـ or ه with s.o.), resent (على or هـ s.th.) IV to discontent, embitter (ه s.o.); to anger, exasperate, enrage (ه s.o.) V = I

سخط sukut, sukṭ, sakat discontent, annoyance, displeasure, indignation, anger, irritation, exasperation; wrath, bitterness, grudge, resentment

مسخطة maskaṭa pl. مساخط masākiṭ2 object of annoyance, of wrath, of anger

مسخوط maskūt loathsome, hated, odious; (pl. مساخيط masākīṭ) (eg.) idol

تسخط tasaḳḳut annoyance, displeasure, anger, wrath

سخف sakafa u (sukf, سخافة sakāfa) to be feeble (wit); to be stupid, foolish

سخف sakufa feeble-mindedness, dimwittedness; imbecility, idiocy; nonsense, foolishness, folly

سخيف sakīf pl. سخاف sikāf stupid, fatuous, simple-minded; absurd, silly, ridiculous, foolish; despicable, inferior; (pl. سخفاء sukafā’) fool

سخافة sakāfa feeble-mindedness dimwittedness; (pl. -āt) folly, silly thing to do, childish prank

سخائف sakā’if silly things

سخلة sakla pl. سخال sikāl lamb

سخم II to make black, blacken with soot, besmut (هـ s.th.) | سخم بصدره (bi-ṣadrihī) to irritate s.o., make s.o. angry V to hate (على s.o.), harbor resentment (على against s.o.), be angry (على with)

سخم sakam blackness

سخمة sukma blackness; hatred, resentment, ill will

سخام sukam soot, smut

سخيمة sakīma pl. سخائم sakā’im hatred, resentment, ill will

سخن sakuna u, sakana u and sakina a (سخونة sukūna, سخانة sakāna, سخنة sukna) to be or become hot or warm; to warm (up); to be feverish II to make hot, to beat, warm (هـ s.th.) IV = II

سخن sukn hot, warm

سخانة sakāna heat, warmth

سخونة sukūna heat, warmth

O سخان sakkān, سخان مياه s. miyāh boiler, hot-water tank

O سخانة sakkāna hot-water bottle |سخانة الحمام s. al-ḥammām bath heater, geyser

سخانات sakkānāt hot springs

ساخن sākin pl. سخان sukkān hot, warm

(سخو and سخي) سخا sakā u, سخي sakiya a (سخاء sakā’) and سخو sakuwa u (سخاوة sakāwa) to be liberal. generous (ب على with s.th. toward s.o.); to grant, award (ب s.th., على to s.o.), confer, bestow (ب s.th., على upon s.o.) V to show o.s. generous, display liberality; to endeavor to be liberal or generous VI = V

سخاء sakā’ liberality, munificence, generosity

سخي sakīy pl. اسخياء askiyā’ liberal, openhanded, generous; giving generously (ب s.th.), being lavish (ب with) |سخية أموال ample funds; سخي النفس عن الشيء (s. an-nafs) only too glad to relinquish or give up s.th.

سخاوة sakāwa generosity

سد sadda u (sadd) to plug up, close up, stop up (هـ s.th.); to clog, congest (هـ s.th.); to bar, obstruct, block up, barricade (هـ s.th., على هـ to s.o. s.th.); to block, blockade (هـ s.th.); to cork, plug, stopper (هـ s.th.); to pay, defray, settle, cover (هـ s.th., esp. expenses, a debt, etc.); to fulfill, satisfy, meet (هـ a claim, and the like) | سد ثغرة (tugratan) to fill a gap, close a breach; سد ثلمة (tulmatan) to fill a gap; سد خلة (kallatan) to remedy a shortcoming; سد حاجته (ḥājatahū) to meet s.o.’s need, provide for s.o.; سد رمقه (ramaqahū) to keep s.o. or o.s. barely alive, eke out an existence; to provide s.o. with a bare existences; to allay s.o.’s hunger; سد مسده (masaddahū) to fill s.o.’s place, replace s.o.; سد مطاعمه to satisfy or fulfill s.o.’s claims; سد فراغا (farāgan) to fill a gap; سد النواقص to remove or remedy deficiencies; -- sadda i (سدود sudūd, سداد sadād) to be sound, right, in proper condition; to hit the right thing, say or do the right thing; to be apposite, be to the point II to block, bar, obstruct (هـ s.th.); to pay, defray, settle, cover (هـ expenses, debts, etc.); to guide (نحو s.o. to), show (ه s.o.) the right way (نحو to); to direct (هـ الى s.th. to), point, level (هـ الى s.th. at); to aim (الى at); to sight, take aim by a sight; to focus (الى on; phot.); to draw a bead (الى or نحو on s.th.) | سدد دينا (dainan) to pay or settle a debt; سدد عجزا (‘ajzan) to cover a deficit; سدد خطاه (kuṭāhu) to guide s.o.’s stepa IV to hit the right thing, say or do the right thing; to be apposite, be to the point V to be guided, be directed, be shown (الى to) VII to be blocked, be obstructed, be plugged up, become or be clogged or congested

سد sadd plugging, closing, stopping up; obstruction, barring, barricading; blocking; defrayment (of costs), payment, settlement (of a debt, of expenses); fulfillment, satisfaction (of a claim, etc.); -- sadd, sudd pl. سدود sudūd, اسداد asdād obstruction, block, obstacle; barrier; rampart, bank, mound; dike; dam; weir; barrage, river dam; bar, rail; hurdle (athlet.); bulwark (fig.) |السد العالى (‘ālī) the High Dam (near Aswān); سد المناطيد balloon barrage (mil.); حارة السد blind alley, dead end

سدة sadda block, barrier; obstruction, obstacle; barricade; dam |السدة الشريانية (širyānīya) embolism (med.)

سدة sudda pl. سدد sudad gate, door; threshold; seat; couch. divan |السدة الرسولية (الباباوية ) (rasūlīya) the Holy See

سدد sadad obstruction, clogging (of a pipe)

سداد sadād payment, defrayment, settlement, discharge, liquidation; the proper, right thing to do, the apposite thing to say; appropriateness, appositeness (of a remark), lucky hand (in one’s actions) |تحت السداد outstanding, due, unpaid (com.); بسداد appropriately, appositely; سداد الرأي s. ar-ra’y levelheadedness

سداد sudād obstruction in the nose

سداد sidād pl. اسدة asidda plug, stopper, cork |O سداد التوصيل plug (el.)

سدادة sidāda plug, stopper, cork; O sight (of a gun)

سديد sadīd hitting the target (arrow, spear); apposite, pat, pertinent, relevant, right, correct (answer, view)

اسد asadd2 more apposite, more relevant

تسديد tasdīd payment, defrayment, settlement, discharge, liquidation |تحت التسديد outstanding, due, unpaid (com.)

ساد sādd obstructive

مسدود masdūd closed (circuit; el.)

سدب (eg.; sadab) = سذاب sadāb

سدر sadira a (sadar, سدارة sadāra) to be dazzled (eye); to be confused, bewildered, startled, dazed; to be deluded

سدر sidr (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. سدر sidar, -āt, سدور sudūr a variety of Christ’s-thorn (Zizyphus spina Christi; bot.); lotus tree | سدرة المنتهى s. al-muntahā the lotus tree in the Seventh Heaven; بلغ سدرة المنتهى to attain the highest goal, achieve ultimate results

سدارة sidāra pl. سدائر sadā’ir an Iraqi headgear, commonly of black velvet; overseas cap

سيدارة sīdāra pl. -āt = سدارة sidāra

سادر sādir reckless (في in s.th.)

سدس II to make sixfold (هـ s.th.); to multiply by six (هـ s.th.); to make hexagonal, make hexangular (هـ s.th.)

سدس suds, sudus pl. اسداس asdās one-sixth

سداسي sudāsī sixfold; consisting of six parts

السادس as-sādis the sixth

مسدس muaaddas hexagonal; hexagon; hexahedral; hexahedron; (pl. -āt) revolver, sixshooter | مسدس اشارة m. išāra Very pistol

مسدسة musaddasa pistol, gun, revolver

سدف sadaf pl. اسداف asdāf darkness, twilight, dusk

سدف sudfa pl. سدف sudaf darkness, twilight, dusk; curtain

سدل sadala u i (sadl) to let (هـ s.th.) hang down or fall down; to let down, drop, lower (على s.th. on); pass. sudila to hang down (على on) II and IV = I; V to hang down, be lowered, be down VII to descend (على on)

سدل sidl, sudl pl. سدول sudūl, اسدال asdāl veil, curtain

سدم VII to dry up (spring)

سدم sadam sorrow, sadness, affliction, grief

سديم sadīm pl. سدم sudum mist, haze; nebula (astron.)

سديمي sadīmī nebular; nebulous

سدانة sidāna office of gatekeeper or custodian (of a shrine, specif. of the Kaaba)

سادن sādin pl. سدنة sadana custodian, gatekeeper of the Kaaba; sexton, sacristan (Chr.); keeper, curator; pl. سدنة crew (of a machine gun, of a tank, etc.)

(سدو and سدى ) II to confer (الى هـ a benefit on s.o.) IV to confer (ل or الى هـ a benefit on s.o.); to render, perform, do (هـ s.th.) | اسدى اليه خدمة (kidma) to render s.o. a service; اسدى اليه الارشادات (iršādāt) to make suggestions to s.o., advise s.o.; اسدى اليه الشكر (šukr) to extend one’s thanks to s.o., thank s.o.; اسدى فائدة to be beneficial; اسدى اليه (له) النصح (nuṣḥ) to give s.o. (a word of) advice; اسدى اليه يدا (yadan) to do s.o. a favor

سدى sadan pl. اسدية asdiya warp (of a fabric); a continuous, prevailing characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of an argument, etc.)

سداة sadāh warp (of a fabric); a continuous, prevailing characteristic or trait, thread (of a story, of an argument, etc.)

سدى sudan in vain, futilely, to no end, uselessly | ذهب سدى to be in vain, futile, useless

سذاب sadāb rue, herb of grace (bot.)

سذبي sadabī of the rue

سذاجة sadāja simplicity; innocence, ingenuousness, naiveté; homeliness, plainness; guilelessness

ساذج sādaj, sādij pl. سذج suddaj simple; plain, uncolored, uniform (fabric); innocent, ingenuous, naive; plain, homely; artless, guileless, candid, frank (character); primitive

1 سر (Pers. sar head) formerly in compounds: head, chief; سردار sirdār (Eg.) supreme commander; commanding general; سرعسكر sar‘askar general (in the former Ottoman army); سريوران saryawarān adjutant general

2 سر sarra u (سرور surūr, تسرة tasirra, مسرة masarra) to make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (ه s.o.); pass. surra (سرور surūr) to be happy, glad, delighted (ل or من or ب at), take pleasure (ل or من or ب in) II to make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (ه s.o.) III to confide a secret (ه to s.o.) | ساره في اذنه (udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear IV to make happy, gladden, delight, cheer (ه s.o.); to keep secret, hide, conceal, disguise (هـ s.th.); to tell confidentially, confide (ب or هـ الى to s.o. s.th.); to tell under one’s breath, whisper (ب or هـ الى to s.o. s.th.) | اسر في اذنه (udnihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear (هـ s.th.) V تسرى tasarrā (and تسرر tasarrara) to take (ب or ها a woman) as concubine (سرية surriya) X to try to hide; to hide, be hidden (عن from); to take as concubine (ها a woman)

سر sirr pl. اسرار asrār secret; secret thought; heart, inmost; secrecy; mystery; sacrament (Chr.); underlying reason (of s.th.); سرا sirran secretly, privately | سرا وعلانية (‘alāniyatan) secretly and publicly; سر الليل s. al-lail watchword, password; اسرار القرآن the secret meaning of the Koran; كاتب السر secretary; كاتم السر do.; كلمة السر kalimat as-s. watchword, password; بسركم or في سركم to your health! cheerio! skoal! في سره secretly,

Inwardly, in his heart; اتعب سره at‘aba sirrahū to trouble, worry, bother, harass s.o.; اجرى سرا ajrā sirran to dispense a sacrament (Chr.); قدس الله سره qaddasa llāhu sirrahū may God hallow his secret! (eulogy after the name of a deceased Muslim saint)

سري sirrī secret; private; confidential; mysterious, cryptic; sacramental (Chr.) |الأمراض السرية venereal diseases

سرية sirrīya secret; sportiveness

سر surr pl. اسرة asirra umbilical cord

سرة surra pl. -āt, سرر surar navel, umbilicus; center

سري surrī umbilical | الحبل السري (ḥabl) umbilical cord

سرر surur, sirar umbilical cord

سرر surur line of the palm or forehead

سرار sarār: سرار الشهر s. aš-šahr last night of the lunar month

سرار sirār pl. اسرة asirra, اسارير asārīr2 line of the palm or forehead; pl. features, facial expression, air, also اسارير الوجه a. al-wajh

سرور surūr joy, happiness, delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth

سرير sarīr pl. اسرة asirra, سرور surūr, سراير sarāyīr2 bedstead, bed; throne, elevated seat

سريرة sarīra pl. سرائر sarā’ir2 secret; secret thought; mind, heart, soul |صفاء السريرة ṣafā’ as-s. clearness of conscience; طيب السريرة ṭayyib as-s. guileless simplehearted

سراء sarrā’2 happiness prosperity |في السراء والضراء (ḍarrā’) in good and bad days, for better or for worse

سرية surriya pl. سراري sarārīy concubine

مسرة masarra pl. -āt joy, happiness, delight, pleasure; glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth

مسرة misarra pl. مسار masārr2 speaking tube; telephone

تسر tasarrin concubinage

استسرار istisrār concubinage

سار sārr gladdening, gratifying, joyous, glad, cheering, delightful

مسرور masrūr glad, happy, delighted (ب at), pleased (ب with)

مسر musirr gratifying, delightful, pleasant

مستسر mustasarr place of concealment

سرادق surādiq pl. -āt large tent, canopy, pavilion

سراط sirāṭ = صراط ṣirāṭ way, path, road

سراى sarāy palace

سراية sarāya pl. -āt palace | السراية الصفراء (ṣafrā’) insane asylum (eg.)

1 سرب sariba a (sarab) to flow; to run out, leak II to send in groups or batches (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., الى to) V to flow; to run out, flow off, escape; to sneak away, slink away, steal away; to stream, penetrate (الى into), infiltrate (الى s.th.); to creep (في into); to sneak, slip, steal (الى into, among); to creep along, flow along, glide along; to seep through, leak out (الى to, of a report); to spread, circulate, be passed around (news) VII to hide, crawl into its lair (animal)

سرب sirb pl. اسراب asrāb herd, flock, bevy, covey, swarm; squadron, group, wing, formation, flight (of aircraft); heart, mind |سرب من النحل (nahl) swarm of bees; هادئ السرب calm, composed, confident

سرب sarab pl. اسراب asrāb burrow, hole, den, lair (of an animal); underground passage; tunnel, conduit

سربة surba pl. سرب surab herd, flock, bevy, covey, swarm

سراب sarāb mirage, fata morgana; phantom; sewage

مسرب masrab pl. مسارب masārib2 course (taken by s.th.); river bed; drain, sewer

سارب sārib conspicuous, visible

ساربة sāriba pl. سوارب sawārib2 reptile

2 اسرب look up alphabetically

سربل sarbala to clothe (ه s.o.) with a sirbāl (q.v.); to clothe, dress (ب ه s.o. in or with); to cover, wrap (هـ s.th., ب with) II tasarbala to put on a sirbāl (q.v.); to put on, wear (هـ a garment); to be clothed, clad, garbed (ب in, also fig.); to wrap o.s. (ب in); to dress up (ب in)

سربال sirbāl pl. سرابيل sarābīl2 shirt; coat of mail; garment

متسربل mutasarbil: متسربل بالشباب blessed with youthfulness, evincing youthful freshness

1 سرج saraja to braid, plait (.هـ the hair) II do.; to baste, tack (هـ s.th.); to saddle, (هـ an animal) IV do.; to light (السراج the lamp)

سرج sarj pl. سروج surūj; saddle

سراج sirāj pl. سرج suruj lamp, light |O سراج الحركة s. al-ḥaraka traffic light; سراج الليل s. al-lail firefly, glowworm

سراجة sirāja saddlery, saddler’s trade; glanders

سراج sarrāj saddler

سروجي surūjī saddler

سروجية surūjīya saddlery, saddler’s trade

اسروجة usrūja lie, falsehood

مسرجة masraja pl. مسارج masārij2 lamp; lampstand

2 سيرج look up alphabetically

3 سرجين sirjīn dung, manure

سرح saraḥa a (سروح surūḥ) to move away, go away, leave; to roam freely; to graze freely (cattle); to be distracted (mind); -- sariḥa a to proceed freely, at will, without restraint | سرح ومرح (mariḥa) to do as one likes II to send (هـ cattle) to pasture; to send, dispatch (ه s.o.); to let go (ه s.o.); to dismiss (ها a woman by divorce); to grant (ه s.o.) leave, dismiss (ه s.o.); to release from an office, discharge, fire (ه s.o.); to release, set free (ه s.o.); to let (هـ the eyes) wander; to demobilize, disband (هـ an army); to dispel s.o.’s (عن ) worries (also سرح غمومه ); to comb (هـ the hair) |سرح شعره (ša‘rahū) to comb one’s hair, do one’s hair; سرح نظره (naẓarahū) to set one’s eyes on (الى ) VII انسرح يفكر (yufakkiru) to be deep in thought, be absent-minded, allow one’s thoughts to wander

سراح sarāh dismissal (of a woman by divorce); release |اطلق سرح aṭlaqa sarāḥahū to release s.o., set s.o. free, set s.o. at liberty; اطلاق سراحه iṭlāq s. his release; مطلق السراح muṭlaq as-s. free, at large

سريح sarīḥ and بائع سارح hawker, peddler

سرحان sirḥān wolf

مسرح masraḥ pl. مسارح masāriḥ2 pasture; stage, theater; scene | مسرح التمثيل theater

مسرحي masraḥī dramatic, theatrical, stage (adj.)

مسرحية masraḥīya pl. -āt (stage) play

تسريح tasrīḥ dismissal; discharge; release; demobilization; (pl. تساريح tasārīḥ2) permission, authorization

تسريحة tasrīḥa pl. -āt hairdo, coiffure

سارح sāriḥ: سارح مارح grazing freely, roaming freely; free and unrestrained; سارح الفكر sāriḥ al-fikr distracted, absentminded

منسرح munsariḥ: المنسرح name of a poetic meter |منسرح الفكر m. al-fikr distracted, absent-minded

ساروخ sārūk pl. سواريخ sawārīk2 rocket

سرد sarada u (sard) to pierce, perforate (هـ s.th.); to carry on, continue (هـ s.th., e.g., a conversation); to tell off one after another, enumerate (هـ facts, events); to present, quote, detail, set forth neatly (هـ s.th.) II to pierce, perforate (هـ s.th.)

سرد sard enumeration; mentioning, quoting; neat, detailed presentation; recital, presentation, rendition (of an account, of a narrative, etc.); coherent, logical

سريدة sarīda: سريدة المولد s. al-maulid discourse dealing with the birth of the Prophet (during celebration of Mohammed’s birthday; tun.)

O مسرد masrad index (of a book)

سرداب sirdāb pl. سرادب sarādib2, سراديب sarādīb2 subterranean vault, cellar; basement, basement flat

سردار sirdār (formerly Eg.) supreme commander; commanding general

سرادق look up alphabetically

سردوك sardūk pl. سراديك sarādīk2 rooster, cock (magr.)

سردين sardīn (coll.; n. un. ة ) sardines

سراس sirās and سيراس see سيراس (alphabetically)

سرسام sirsām a cerebral disease

1 سرط sariṭa a (saraṭ, سرطان saraṭān) and saraṭa u i to swallow, gulp (هـ s.th.) V and VIII do.

سرطان saraṭān pl. -āt crayfish; cancer (med.); Cancer (astron.) | سرطان بحري (baḥrī) lobster

2 سراط sirāṭ = صراط

سرع saru‘a u (sirā‘, sarā‘, سرعة sur‘a) to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry II to urge (ه s.o.) to hurry; to urge on (هـ an animal); to speed up, accelerate, expedite (هـ s.th.) III to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (الى to); to make a beeline (الى for); to hurry (في in, with), hasten (j to do s.th.), do in a hurry (في s.th.); to rush, plunge with undue haste (في into) IV to be quick, fast, prompt, rapid; to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (الى to); to hurry (ب or في with. in), hasten (ب or j to do s.th.), do in a hurry (ب or في s.th.); to accelerate, speed up, expedite (هـ s.th.) V to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (الى to); to hurry (ب or j with, in), hasten (ب or في to do s.th.), do in a hurry (ب or j s.th.); to be hasty, be rash (ب or j in) VI to hurry, hasten, rush, run, dash (الى to)

سرع sur‘, sir‘ pl. اسراع asrā‘ reins

سرع sur‘a speed, velocity, pace; fastness, rapidity, quickness, promptness; hurry, haste |سرعة الخاطر presence of mind; سرعة التصديق credulity

سرعان ما sar‘āna, sir‘āna, sur‘āna ma (with foll. verb) how quickly ...!; soon, before long, presently, in no time

سريع sarī‘ pl. سرعان sur‘ān, سراع sirā‘ fast, quick, prompt, rapid, speedy, expeditious, swift, nimble; السريع name of a poetic meter; express train; سريعا sarī‘an fast, quickly, rapidly, speedily, promptly |سريع التأثر s. at-ta’attur easy to impress, easily affected, sensitive; سريع الخاطر quick-witted; O سريع التردد s. at-taraddud high-frequency (el.); سريع الزوال s. az-zawal ephemeral, fleeting, transient; سريع التصديق credulous; سريع الطلق (الطلقات ) s. al-ṭalq quick-firing, rapid-fire; سريع العطب s. al-‘aṭab fragile; سريع التنقل s. at-tanaqqul mobile, maneuverable, easily manageable

اسرع asra’2 faster, quicker, more rapid |ما اسرع ان رايته mā asra‘a an ra’aituhū before long I saw him, it did not take very long before I saw him

سراعا sirā‘an quickly, in a hurry

اسراع isrā‘ acceleration, speed-up; hurry

تسرع tasarru‘ hurry, haste; hastiness, rashness precipitance

متسرع mutasarri‘ quick, fast, prompt, rapid; hasty, rash, precipitate

سرعسكر see سر

سرف IV to exceed all bounds, be immoderate, be extravagant (في in, at) exaggerate, overdo (في s.th.); to waste, squander, dissipate, spend lavishly (هـ, في s.th., esp. money)

سرف saraf and اسراف isrāf intemperance, immoderateness, exaggeration; waste, dissipation, extravagance, prodigality

مسرف musrif immoderate, intemperate, excessive; extravagant, wasteful, prodigal

سرق saraqa i (saraq, sariq, سرقة saraqa, sariqa, سرقان sarqān) to steal, pilfer, filch (من هـ or ه هـ from s.o. s.th.); to rob (من هـ or ه هـ s.o. of s.th.) II to accuse of theft, call a thief (ه s.o.) III سارق النظر اليه (naẓara) or سارقه النظر to steal a glance at s.o., glance furtively at s.o.; سارق النوم (nauma) to take a short nap VII pass. of I VIII to steal, filch, pilfer (هـ من s.th. from s.o.); to steal (الى into) |استرق السمع (sam‘a) to eavesdrop; to monitor (radio, telephone, etc.); استرق النظر اليه = سارق النظر اليه; استرق الأنفاس to gasp, pant

سرقة sariqa stealing, filching, pilfering; robbery; (pl. -āt) theft, larceny

سراق sarrāq thief

سارق sāriq pl. -ūn, سرقة saraqa, سراق surrāq, f. سارقة sāriqa pl. سوارق sawāriq thief

مسروقات masrūqāt stolen goods

منسرق musariq: منسرق القوة m. al-qūwa debilitated, exhausted

سرقسطة sarqusṭa2 Zaragoza (city in NE Spain)

سرقين sirqīn dung, manure

1 سرك (Fr. cirque) sirke circus

2 سركي (Turk. sergi) sarkī (com.) bill of exchange payable to the bearer

سرم surm pl. asrām anus

سرم sarmad endless duration, eternity

سرمدي sarmadī eternal, without beginning or end

سرنديب sarandīb2 Ceylon

1 سرو sarw (coll.; n. un. ة ) evergreen cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.; bot.)

2 سرو II (عن قلبه or) سرى عنه to rid s.o. of worries, and the like, dispel s.o.’s worries (also هـ worries); pass. سري عنه and سرى عن نفسه (suriya) to leave s.o. (grief, sorrow, fear, and the like); to regain one’s composure, reel at peace again (after anger, fear or excitement); his anxiety or unrest left him; he found relaxation; he was cheered up, his spirits were raised VII انسرى عنه = سري عنه (surriya)

سري sarīy pl. سرواء surawā’2, اسرياء asriyā’2, سراة sarāh high-ranking, high; high-minded, noble; distinguished personality, notable; pl. سراة elite, leading class, the upper crust; see1 سرى

سراة sarāh pl. سرروات sarawāt hill; back; chief, head; see also سرى sarīy |سروات القوم s. al-qaum the leaden of the people

تسرية tasriya pl. -āt diversion, amusement, pastime

سرولا sirwāl, سراويل sirwāl pl. سراويل sarāwīl2 trousers, pants; drawers; panties

1 سرى sarā i (سرى suran, سريان sarayān, مسرى masran) to travel by night; to set out, depart by night; to circulate; to flow (electric current); to emanate, go out (من from); to spread; to be valid, have validity, be effective, be in, or come into, force (على for). have or take effect (على on); to apply. be applicable (على to); to penetrate (في s.th.), enter deeply (في into); to pervade (الى نفسه s.o.’s soul, of a feeling) |سرى سراه (surāhu) to traverse one’s nightly course; سرى مفعوله (maf‘ūluhū) to be valid, be effective, be in force IV to travel by night; to make (ب s.o.) travel by night V تسرى see2 سر sarra V

سرى sarīy pl. اسرية asriya, سريان suryān little creek, brook; see also under2 سرو

سرية sariya pl. سرايا sarāyā (military) detachment, flying column, raiding party; company (mil.) |سرية خيالة (kayyāla) cavalry squadron; سرية الطائرات squadron of aircraft

سريان sarayān spread, diffusion; validity, effectiveness, coming into force

مسرى masran: مسرى محمد masrā muḥammad the point of departure for Mohammed’s midnight journey to the seven heavens, i.e., Jerusalem

اسراء isrā’ nocturnal journey; الاسراء Mohammed’s midnight journey to the seven heavens

سار sārin pl. سراة surāh traveling by night; night reveler, night hawk; contagious (disease); in force, effective, valid |سارى المفعول in force, effective, valid

سارية sāriya a mood or atmosphere which prevails in, or pervades, a room (e.g., سارية من الجهامة an all-pervading gloom); -- (pl. -āt, سوار sawārin) column; shipmast

2 سراى and سراية look up alphabetically

3 سريان suryān Syrians (coll.) members of the East Syrian Church

سرياني suryānī Syriac, Syrian; a member of the East Syrian Church

سرياوران saryāwarān (formerly) adjutant general

سيسبان look up alphabetically

1 اسطبة look up alphabetically

2 مسطبة masṭaba, misṭaba pl. مساطب masāṭib2 stone bench (against a wall); mastaba

سطح saṭaḥa u (saṭḥ) to spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (هـ s.th.); to level, even, plane, flatten, make smooth (هـ s.th.); to throw to the ground, fell (ه s.o.) II to spread out, spread, unfold, unroll (هـ s.th.) ;: to level, even, plane, flatten, make smooth (هـ s.th.) V to be spread out, be unfolded; to be leveled, be evened; to lie down on one’s back VII to be spread out. be unfolded; to lie flat on one’s back, be supine

سطح saṭḥ pl. سطوح suṭūḥ surface (also geom.); plane (geom.); (pl. also اسطحة asṭiḥa, اسطح asṭuḥ) (flat) roof, terrace; deck (of a ship); سطوح suṭūḥ (eg., syr.) roof terrace | سطح البحر s. al-baḥr sea level; سطح مائل inclined plane

سطحي saṭḥī external, outer, outward, outside, exterior; flat; superficial; سطحيات saṭḥīyāt externals, superficialities

سطحية satḥīya flatness; superficiality

سطيح saṭīḥ flat, spread out, stretched out, supine

مسطاح misṭāḥ threshing floor

مسطح musaṭṭaḥ even, level, flat; (pl. -āt) surface |قدم مسطحة (qadam) flat foot

1 سطر saṭara u (saṭr) and II to rule (هـ s.th.), draw lines (هـ on a sheet of paper); to write, jot down, record (هـ s.th.); to draw up, compose (هـ s.th.)

سطر saṭr, saṭar pl. سطور suṭūr, اسطر asṭur, اسطار asṭār line; row

ساطور sāṭūr pl. سواطير sawāṭīr2 cleaver

اسطورة usṭūra pl. اساطير asāṭīr2 fable, legend, saga, myth; fabulous story, yarn

اسطورى usṭūrī mythical, legendary, fabulous

مسطرة misṭara pl. مساطر masāṭir2 ruler; underlines, guideline sheet; see also alphabetically |O مسطرة الحساب slide rule

مسطار misṭār trowel

مسطرين masṭarīn (eg.) trowel

تسطير tasṭīr writing down, recording

مسطر musaṭṭar piece of writing, paper, document

2 سيطر and derivatives look up alphabetically

سطع saṭa‘a a (saṭ‘, سطوع suṭū‘) to rise; to spread (dust, fragrance); to shine, be brilliant, be radiant; to be or become manifest, obvious, plain, clear

سطع saṭ‘ brilliance, radiance, glow; brightness, luminosity

سطع saṭa‘ thump, thud, plump

سطوع suṭū‘ brilliance, radiance, glow; brightness, luminosity

اسطع asṭa‘ more brilliant, brighter; clearer, more obvious

ساطع sāṭi‘ pl. سواطع sawāṭi‘2 radiant, brilliant, shining, luminous, bright; manifest, obvious, clear, plain, patent, evident (proof)

سطل saṭala u (saṭl) to intoxicate (s.o.) VII to become or be intoxicated

سطل saṭl pl. اسطال asṭāl, سطول suṯūl bucket, pail (of wood or metal)

2 اسطول look up alphabetically

سطام sitām plug, stopper

سطو (سطو ) saṭā u (saṭw, سطو saṭwa) to rush, pounce, jump (ب or على upon), assail, attack (ب or على s.o.); to burglarize (على place), break into a place (على )

سطو saṭw attack, assault; burglary, housebreaking

سطوة saṭwa pl. saṭawāt attack, assault; influence, authority; presumption, cockiness, pride, power, strength

اسطوانة look up alphabetically

سعة sa‘a see وسع

سعتر sa‘tar (= صعتر ) wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum; bot.)

سعد sa‘ida a and pass. su‘ida (sa‘d, سعادة sa‘āda) to be happy, lucky, fortunate; pass. سعد ب (su‘ida) to have the good fortune of receiving or sharing s.th. III to help, aid, assist (ه s.o., في or على in, with), give s.o. (ه ) a hand (في or على in); to support, back (في or على ه s.o. in); to contribute, be conducive (في or ل, على to); to favor, encourage (في or على s.th.) IV to make happy (ه s.o); to help (ه s.o) | اسعد الحظ ب (الحظ ) he had the good fortune to ...

سعد sa‘d pl. سعود su‘ūd good luck, good fortune

الهيئة السعدية al-hai’a as-sa‘dīya the Saadist union (formerly a political movement in Egypt); السعديون as-sa‘dīyūn the Saadists, the followers of Saad Zaghlūl (1856-1927)

سعد su‘d Cyperus (bot.)

سعيد sa‘īd pl. سعداء su‘adā’ happy (ب about, at); radiant, blissful; lucky, auspicious; felicitous | سعيد الذكر s. ad-dikr of blessed memory, the late ...

سعادة sa‘āda happiness; bliss, felicity; good fortune, success, prosperity, welfare; title of a pasha; sa‘ādat … (with foll. name) title of high officials (syr., Leb.) |سعادتكم Your Grace (form of address to a pasha); صاحب السعادة title of a pasha; دار السعادة “House of Bliss”, ancient name of Istanbul

سعودي sa‘ūdī Saudi |المملكة العربية السعودية (mamlaka) Saudi Arabia

سعدان sa‘dān pl. سعادين sa‘ādīn2 ape

سعدانة sa‘dāna pl. -āt nipple, teat |سعدانة الباب doorknob

اسعد as‘ad2 happier, luckier

مساعدة musā‘ada pl. -āt support, backing, aid, help, assistance; encouragement, promotion

ساعد sā‘id pl. سواعد sawā‘id2 forearm |هو ساعده الأيمن (aiman) he is his right hand, he is indispensable to him; اشتد ساعده ištadda sā‘iduhū to become strong, powerful; فت في ساعده (fatta) to weaken s.o.

ساعدة sā‘ida pl. سواعد sawā’id2 tributary

مسعود mas‘ūd pl. مساعيد masā‘īd2 happy, lucky, fortunate

مساعد musā‘id helper, help, aide; assistant (adj. end n.); adjutant

مسعد mas‘ad favored by fortune, fortunate, lucky

سعر sa‘ara (sa‘r) to kindle, start (هـ a fire, a war); pass. su‘ira to flare up, run mad II to kindle, start (هـ a fire, a war); to price (هـ s.th.), set a price (هـ on s.th.); to quote on the stock market III to bargain, haggle over the price (ه with s.o.) IV to kindle, light, start (هـ fire) V to bum, blaze; to flare up (anger) VII to become mad, furious VIII to burn, flare, blaze; to break out (fighting)

سعر si‘r pl. اسعار as‘ār price; rate; exchange rate, quotation (stock market) | سعر الخصم s. al-kaṣm discount rate, bank rate; سعر التسليف rate of interest; سعر الفائدة rate of interest; سعر القطع s. al-qaṭ‘ discount rate, bank rate; سعر القطعة s. al-qiṭ‘a price by the piece

سعر su‘r madness; frenzy; voracity

سعر su‘ur madness frenzy

سعار su‘ār voracity

سعير sa‘īr pl. سعر su’ur blazing flame, fire; blaze; bell, inferno

مسعر mis‘ar pl. مساعر masā‘ir2 poker, fire iron

مسعار mis‘ār pl. مساعير masā‘īr2 poker, fire iron

تسعير tas‘īr pricing, price fixing

تسعيرة tas‘īra pricing, price fixing | لجنة التسعيرة lajnat at-t. pricing, price-fixing commission

تسعرة tas‘ira quotation (stock exchange)

مسعور mas‘ūr mad, crazy

سعط VIII to snuff (هـ tobacco)

سعوط sa‘ūṭ snuff

مسعط mis‘aṭ snuffbox

سعف III to help, aid, support (ه s.o.) IV to comply with s.o.’s (ه ) wishes (ب for), humor (ب ه s.o. in), grant (ب ه s.o. s.th.); to help, aid, assist (ه s.o.)

سعف sa‘af (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt palm leaves | احد السعف aḥad as-s. Palm Sunday (Chr.)

اسعاف is‘āf pl. -āt aid, relief, help, assistance; medical service; الاسعاف first-aid | اسعاف العجزة i. al-‘ajaza care for the aged; جمعية الاسعاف jam‘īyat al-i. approx.: civil ambulance service; رجال الإسعاف first-aid men, ambulance men; medical orderlies, hospital corpsmen; سيارة الإسعاف sayyārat al-i. ambulance

سعل sa‘ala a (سعل su‘la, سعل su‘al) to cough

سعلة su‘la cough

سعال su‘āl cough | السعال الديكي (dīkī) whooping cough

سعلى si‘lā pl. سعليات si‘layāt female demon

سعلاة si‘lāh pl. سعال sa‘ālin female demon

ابو سعن abū su‘n marabou (zool.)

سعى sa‘ā a (sa‘y) to move quickly, run, speed; to move across the sky (moon); to head, be headed (الى for), proceed (الى to or toward); to strive (ل or الى for), aspire (ل or الى to); to work (الى, ل or وراء for), endeavor, attempt, make an effort (وراء or الى, ل to get or achieve s.th.); to run after s.th. (وراء ), pursue, chase (وراء s.th.); to take stops (في in a matter) | سعى به الى to lead s.o. or s.th. to ; سعى في الأرض فسادا (fī l-arḍi fasādan) to spread evil, cause universal harm and damage; سعى لحتفه بظلفه (li-ḥatfihī bi-ẓifihī) to bring about one’s own destruction, dig one’s own grave; سعى في خراب الشيء (karābi š-š.) to work at the ruin of s.th., undermine s.th.; -- sa‘ā a (سعى sa‘y, سعاية si‘āya) to slander (ب s.o., عند or الى to s.o), discredit (عند or الى ب s.o with) VI to run about in confusion

سعى sa‘y run, course; السعى the ceremony of running seven times between ṣafā and Marwa (performed during the Pilgrimage); effort, endeavor; livestock

سعاية si‘āya slander, calumniation

مسعى mas‘ān pl. مساع masā‘in effort, endeavor

ساع sā‘in pl. –ūn, سعاة su‘āh messenger; office boy, delivery boy; slanderer, calumniator | ساعى البريد postman, mailman

سغب sagiba (sagab) to hunger (ل for), be or become hungry

سغب sagab hunger, starvation

سغابة sagāba hunger, starvation

مسغبة masgaba famine

ساغب sāgib hungry, starving

سف IV to descend, link, slip, decline (fig.); to stoop (الى to, fig.) | اسف النظر اليه (naẓara) to give s.o. a sharp look VIII to eat, swallow (هـ s.th. dry, e.g., a medicinal powder)

سفوف safūf medicinal powder

اسفاف isfāf decline (fig.); triviality

سفتجة suftaja pl. safātij2 bill of exchange (com.)

سفح safaḥa a (safḥ, سفوح sufūḥ) to pour out, spill, shed (هـ s.th.) ill to whore, fornicate (ه with s.o.) VI to whore, fornicate

سفح safḥ pl. سفوح sufūḥ foot (of a mountain); pl. سفوح flat, rocky surface

سفاح saffāḥ shedder of blood, killer, murderer

سفاح sifāḥ fornication

سفد safida a and safada i (سفاد sifād) to cover, mount (على or ها the female); to cohabit (ها with a woman) II to put on a skewer (هـ meat) ill to cover, mount (ها the female); to rohabit (ها with a woman)

سفود saffūd pl. سفافيد safāfīd2 skewer, spit

سفر safara i (سفور sufūr) to remove the veil (عن وجهها ‘an wajhihā from her face), unveil o.s.; -- safara i (safr) to shine, glow (aurora) II to unveil, uncover, disclose (هـ s.th.); to send on a journey, compel to leave, send away (ه s.o); to dispatch, send off (هـ s.th.); to embark, put on board (ه passengers) III to travel, maim a trip; to leave, depart, go on a journey IV to shine, glow (aurora, s.o.’s face, etc.); to disclose, unveil, uncover (عن s.th.); to yield, achieve, bring (عن s.th.); to end (عن with, in), result (عن in) VII to rise, disappear (dust, clouds)

السفر as-sifr the travelers, the passengers

سفر sifr pl. اسفار asfār book (esp. one of the Scriptures)

سفر safar departure; (pl. اسفار asfār) journey, travel, trip, tour

سفرة safra pl. سفرات safarāt journey, travel, trip, tour

سفرية safarīya pl. -āt journey, travel, trip, tour; departure

سفرة sufra pl. سفر sufar dining table

سفرجي sufragī (eg.) pl. سفرجية sufragīya waiter, steward

سفير safīr pl. سفراء sufarā’ mediator (between contending parties); ambassador (dipl.)

سفور sufūr uncovering of the face (of a veiled woman); unveiling

سفارة sifāra office or function of a mediator, mediation; embassy (dipl.)

مسافر masāfir2 (pl.) part of the face not covered by the veil

سافر sāfir unveiled, wearing no veil; barefaced, conspicuous, obvious; (pl. سفرة safara) scribe

مسافر musāfir pl. -ūn traveler; passenger; visiting stranger; guest

سفرجل safarjal (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. سفارج quince (Cydonia; bot.)

سفسطة safsaṭa sophistry; pl. سفسطات sophistries, casuistic arguments |اهل السفسطة ahl as-s. the Sophists

سفسطي safsaṭī sophistic; Sophist

سفسة safsafa pl. سفاسف safāsif2 silly talk, nonsense; poor, inferior stuff

سفساف safsāf pl. سفاسف safāsif2 silly, inane, trivial; poor, inferior | سفساف الأمور poor, inferior stuff

سفط safaṭ pl. اسفاط asfāt basket; scales (of fish)

سفع safa‘a a (saf‘) to scorch, parch, burn (ه s.o., هـ s.o.’s skin; esp. of a hot wind); to flap the wings, flutter (bird); to strike, hit (ه s.o. with the hand), slap (ه s.o.); to lash (ه s.th., e.g., of a storm)

سفع saf‘ burned spot

سفعة suf‘a pl. سفع sufa‘ black stain; dark spot, brown discoloration

اسفع asfa‘, f. سفعاء saf‘ā’2 dark-brown

سفق safaqa u (safq) to shut, bang, slam (هـ the door)

سفك safaka i (safk) to shed (هـ blood) VI to murder each other VII to be shed, flow (blood)

سفك safk: سفك الدماء s. ad-dimā’ blood-shed

سفاك saffāk shedder of blood; blood-shedding

سفل safala u (سفول sufūl, سفال safāl) and safila a to be low; to be below s.th. (هـ ); -- safala u to turn downward; -- safula u (سفالة safāla) and safala u (safl) to be low, base, despicable V to abase o.s., sink low, go from bad to worse; to act in a base manner

سفل sufl lowest part of s.th., bottom

سفلى suflī lower, at the bottom; low

سفلة sifla: سفلة الناس s. an-nās lowly people, riffraff

سفالة safāla lowness; lowliness; baseness, ignominy, despicableness

سفالة safāla lowest part

اسفل asfal2, f. سفلى suflā, pl. اسافل asāfil2 lower; lowest; lower or lowest part, bottom; اسفل asfala (prep.) under, underneath, below | الأرض السفلى (arḍ) the nether world; رده اسفل سافلين raddahū asfala sāfilīn to reduce s.o. to the lowest level or status

سافل sāfil pl. سفلة safala low; lowly; base, mean, despicable

سفلت saflata to cover with asphalt, to asphalt

اسفلت asfalt asphalt

سفلقة saflaqa sponging

سفلاق siflāq sponger

1 سفن safan coarse hide used for polishing; emery paper, sandpaper

2 سفين safīn ships (coll.); ship; see also alphabetically

سفينة safīna pl. سفن sufun, سفائن safā’i2 ship, vessel, boat; السفينة Argo (astron.) |سفينة مدفعية (midfa‘īya) gunboat; سفينة تعليم and سفينة التدريس training ship

سفان saffān shipbuilder, shipwright

سفانة sifāna (art or trade of) shipbuilding

3 اسفين look up alphabetically

سفنج safanj, sifanj and اسفنج isfanj sponge

سفه safiha a (safah) and safuha u (سفاهة safāha) to be stupid, silly, foolish; to be impudent, insolent II to call (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) stupid or foolish; to declare (ه s.o.) legally incompetent; to depreciate, put down as inferior (هـ s.th.) | سفه نفسه to make a fool of o.s.; سفه وجهه (wajhahū) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. in discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor s.o. VI to pretend to be stupid or foolish

سفه safah foolishness, stupidity, silliness; impudence, shamelessness, insolence

سفيه safīh pl. سفهاء sufahā’2, سفاه sifāh foolish, stupid, silly; fool; an incompetent (Isl. Law); impudent, shameless, insolent; insolent fellow

سفاهة safāha foolishness, stupidity, silliness; impudence, shamelessness, insolence

سفى safā i (safy) to raise and scatter (هـ the dust; said of the wind) IV do.

سافياء sāfiyā’2 dust

مسفى masfan s.th. whirled up; play-thing, sport (fig.)

سفين safīn wedge

سقارة sigāra = سجارة cigarette

سقالة (It. scala) saqāla scaffold

سقر saqar2 f. hell

سقراط suqrāṭ2 Socrates

سقسقة saqsaqa chirping, cheeping, peeping (e.g., of sparrows)

سقط saqaṭa u (سقوط suqūṭ, مسقط masqaṭ) to fall (also = to be killed in action); to fall down, drop; to tumble, trip, slip; to fall out (hair); to sink down (على on, to); to hit, stumble (على upon), come across s.th. (على ); to find (على s.th.); to get, come (الى to s.o.), reach (الى s.o.); to decline, sink, drop (standard); to become null and void, be abolished, be canceled; to be dropped, be omitted, drop out; to be missing; to escape (من s.o.), slip (من s.o.’s memory) | ليسقط (فليسقط ) li-yasquṭ (fal-yasquṭ) down with …! سقط به to drop s.o. or s.th.; سقط اليهم عنه انه they had had word from him that he ...; سقط رأسه في (ra’suh) he was born in ..., his birthplace was …; سقط من العضوية (‘uḍwīya) to be dropped from membership; سقط من عينيه (‘ainaihī) to drop in s.o.’s estimation; سقط في الامتحان to fail an examination, flunk; سقط في يده suqiṭa fī yadihī to stand aghast, be at a loss, be bewildered IV to let fall, drop (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) tumble, cause s.o. (ه ) to slip; to overthrow, bring down, topple, fell (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to fail, flunk (ه s.o. in an examination); to shoot down (هـ an aircraft); to deduct, subtract (هـ a number); to eliminate (هـ s.th. من from); to have a miscarriage, miscarry; to bring about a miscarriage (woman); to slink (هـ its young one; animal) |اسقطه من الجنسية (jinsīya) to deprive s.o. of his citizenship; اسقط حقه في (ḥaqqahū) to forfeit one’s right in s.th., waive one’s claim to s.th.; اسقط دعوى (da‘wā) to quash a complaint, nonsuit a case; to withdraw or drop a complaint; اسقط الشعر (ša‘ra) to cause loss of hair; اسقط في يده usqiṭa fī yadihī = سقط في يده saqaṭa fī yadihī V to learn gradually, pick up information (من هـ about s.th. from); to hunt for scraps | تسقط الأخبار to gather information VI to fall down, come down, collapse; to fall successively or gradually; to fall out (hair); to come gradually (الى to), arrive one by one (الى at); to roll, drip (من off); to dribble | تساقط على نفسه to break down, collapse; تساقط حطاما (ḥuṭāman) to go to ruin, disintegrate

سقط saqṭ dew

سقط siqṭ miscarried fetus

سقط saqṭ, siqṭ, suqṭ sparks flying from a flint

سقط saqaṭ pl. اسقاط asqāṭ any worthless thing; offal, refuse, rubbish, trash; junk | سقط المتاع s. al-matā‘ waste, scrap(s)

سقطى saqaṭī junk dealer, ragman

سقطة saqṭa pl. saqaṭāt fall, tumble, plunge; oversight, slip, error, mistake | سقطات الطباعة misprints, errata

سقوط suqūṭ fall, tumble; crash (of an airplane); collapse, breakdown, ruin; decline, downfall, fall; devolution (of a right); slip, lapse | سقوط الشعر s. aš-ša‘r loss of hair; سقوط الأمطار rainfall

سقيط saqīṭ hail

سقاطة saqqāṭa, (eg.) suqqāṭa door latch

مسقط masqaṭ, masqiṭ pl. مساقط masāqiṭ2 place where a falling object lands; waterfall | مسقط افقي (ufqī) ground plan, horizontal section; مسقط رأسي (ra’sī) front elevation, vertical section (arch.); مسقط الرأس m. ar-ra’s birthplace, home

سقط masqaṭ2 Muscat (seaport and capital of Oman)

اسقاط isqāṭ overthrow; shooting down (of an aircraft); miscarriage, abortion; deduction, subtraction; rebate | الاسقاط من الجنسية (jinsīya) abrogation of citizenship; gation of citizenship; اسقاط قيمة الفرنك (qīmat al-f.) devaluation of the franc

تساقط tasāqut loss (of hair) | تساقط الثلوج snowfall

ساقط sāqiṭ pl. سقاط saqāṭ fallen; base, mean, vile; disreputable, notorious (district); omitted, missing; forgotten

ساقطة sāqiṭa scrap; (pl. -āt) fallen woman, harlot

سقطراء suqṭrā’2 Socotra (island, S of Arabia)

سقع saqa‘a a (saq‘) to slap, clap (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

مسقعة musaqqa‘a (eg.) dish of eggplant and meat

1 سقف II to provide with a roof or ceiling, roof over (ه s.th.)

سقف saqf pl. سقوف suqūf, سقف suquf, اسقف asquf roof; ceiling | سقف الحلق s. al-ḥalq palate

سقيفة saqīfa pl. سقائف saqā’if roofed passage; roofed gallery; roofing, shelter

تسقيف tasqīf roofing

مسقوف masqūf roofed, covered (ب with)

2 اسقف asquf pl. اساقفة asāqifa look up alphabetically

سقالة look up alphabetically

سقلب saqlaba to throw down (ه s.o.)

سقلبي saqlabī pl. سقالبة saqāliba Slav; Slavic

سقم saqima a (saqam) and saquma u (suqm, سقام saqām) to be or become sick, ill, ailing; to become thin, lean, skinny; to be poor, meager, measly II to make sick (ه s.o.) IV = II

سقم suqm pl. اسقام asqām illness, sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness

سقم saqam pl. اسقام asqām illness; sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness

سقام saqām illness, sickness; leanness, thinness, skinniness

سقيم saqīm pl. سقام siqām, سقماء suqamā’2 sick, ill, ailing; skinny, lean, emaciated; meager, measly; poor, faulty (language)

مسقام masqām seriously suffering; constantly ailing, sickly

سقاوة siqāwa glanders

سقى saqā i (saqy) to give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (ه ) drink (هـ s.th.); to water (هـ cattle, plants); to irrigate (هـ s.th.); to dip, scoop, draw (water) | سقى الفولاذ (fūlāda) to temper steel III to give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to drink; to conclude a lease contract (ه with s.o.; cf. مساقاة ) IV to give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to drink, make s.o. (ه ) drink (هـ s.th.); to water (هـ cattle, plants); to irrigate (هـ s.th.) VIII to ask (من s.o.) for a drink; to draw water (من from); to draw (من s.th., e.g., information, knowledge, etc., from), take, borrow, obtain (من هـ s.th. from) X to ask (من s.o.) for a drink (also هـ for s.th.); to pray for rain

سقى saqy watering; irrigation

سقاء siqā’ pl. اسقية asqiya, اسقيات asqiyāt, اساق asāqin waterskin, milkskin

سقاء saqqā’ pl. -ūn water carrier; -- pelican (zool.)

سقاية siqāya irrigation, watering; office of water supplier (spec. the traditional office of one in charge of providing water for Mecca pilgrims); watering place; drinking vessel

مسقى misqā pl. مساق masāqin (eg.) irrigation canal

مساقاة musāqāh sharecropping contract over the lease of a plantation, limited to one crop period (Isl. Law)

استسقاء istisqā’ dropsy | صلاة الاستسقاء ṣalāt al-ist. prayer for rain

استسقائي istisqā’ī dropsical, hydropic

ساق sāqin pl. سقاة suqāh cupbearer, Ganymede, saki

ساقية sāqiya barmaid; -- (pl. سواق sawāqin) rivulet; irrigation ditch, irrigation canal; water scoop; sakieh, water wheel

سك sakka u (sakk) to look, bolt (هـ the door); to mint, coin (هـ money); -- sakka (1st pers. perf. sakiktu) a (سكك sakak) and VIII to be or become deaf

سكة sikka pl. سكك sikak (minting) die; coin; road; (eg.) sidestreet, lane (narrower than شارع šāri‘) | سكة الحديد and السكة الحديدية railroad; سكة زراعية (zirā‘īya) field path, dirt road; دار السكة mint

سكان sukkān pl. -āt rudder

اسك asakk f. سكاء sakkā’2, pl. سك sukk deaf

مسكوك maskūka pl. -āt coin; drain hole (tun.) | علم المسكوكات ‘ilm al-m. numismatics

سكارة sigāra pl. سكائر sagā’ir2 (Syrian spelling) cigarette

سكارين sakārīn saccharin

سكب sakaba u (sakb) to pour out, shed, spill (هـ s.th.) VII to pour forth, be poured out; be shed, be spilled

سكيب sakīb shed, spilled

مسكب maskab pl. مساكب masākib2 melting pot, crucible

مسكوبية maskūbīya melting pot, crucible

سكباج sakbāj meat cooked in vinegar

سكت sakata u (sakt, سكوت sukūt, سكات sukāt to be silent, say nothing; to become silent, lapse into silence; to be or become quiet, calm down, subside; to pass over s.th. (IT) in silence; not to answer (عن s.o.); pass. sukita to have a stroke (med.) | سكت عنه الغضب (gaḍab) his anger abated II to silence, calm, soothe, pacify (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.); to order to be silent, hush up (ه s.o.) IV do.; to conceal, refuse to tell (هـ s.th.)

سكت sakt silence; taciturnity, reticence |على السكت silently, in silence, quietly

سكتة sakta silence, quiet; stroke, apoplexy (med.) | سكتة (qalbīya) heart failure

سكات sukāt silence; taciturnity, reticence

سكوت sukūt silence; taciturnity, reticence; see also alphabetically

سكوتي sukūtī taciturn, reticent

سكوت sakūt taciturn, reticent

سكيت sikkīt habitually silent

ساكت sākit silent, mum; taciturn, reticent; still, quiet, calm, tranquil; quiescent (letter)

1 سكر sakara u (sakr) to shut, close, lock, bolt (هـ s.th.) II do.

2 سكر sakara a (sakar, sukr) to be drunk; to get drunk, become intoxicated IV to make drunk, intoxicate, inebriate (ه s.o.) VI to pretend to be drunk

سكر sukr intoxication, inebriety, drunkenness

سكر sakar an intoxicant; wine

سكرة sakra pl. sakarāt inebriety, intoxication, drunkenness |سكرة الموت s. al-maut agony of death

سكران sakrān2, f. سكرى sakrā, pl. سكارى sukārā, sakārā drunk, intoxicated; a drunk | سكران طينة (ṭīna) (colloq.) dead drunk

سكير sikīr drunkard, heavy drinker

مسكر muskir pl. -āt alcoholic beverage, intoxicating liquor

3 سكر II to sugar, sprinkle with sugar (هـ s.th.); to candy, preserve with sugar (هـ s.th.)

سكر sukkar sugar; pl. سكاكر sakākir2 sweetmeats, confectionery, candies | سكر الثمار fructose, levulose, fruit sugar; سكر الشعير maltose, malt sugar; سكر العنب s. al-‘inab dextro-glucose, dextrose, grape sugar; سكر القصب s. al-qaṣab saccharose, sucrose, cane sugar; سكر اللبن s. al-laban lactose, milk sugar; سكر النبات s. an-nabāt sugar candy, rook candy; قصب السكر qaṣab as-s. sugar cane; مرض السكر maraḍ as-s. diabetes

سكري sukkarī sugar (adj.), sugary, like sugar, saccharine; سكرات confectionery; sweetmeats, candy |مرض البول السكري (maraḍ al-baul) diabetes

سكرية sukkarīya sugar bowl

مسكرات musakkarāt confectionery, sweetmeats, candy

4 سكارة pl. سكائر look up alphabetically

5 سيكران look up alphabetically

سكرتاة (It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance

سكرتارية (Fr. secrétariat) sekretārīya secretariat; secretaryship

سكرتو (It scarto) sikartō cotton waste

سكرتير (Fr secrétaiea) sekretēr secretary | سكرتير عام (‘āmm) secretary-general

سكرتيرية sekretērīya secretariat

سكرجة sukurruja, sukruja pl. سكاريج sakārīj2 bowl; platter, plate

سكروز sukrōz saccharose, sucrose

سكرين sukkarīn saccharin

سكسك II tasaksaka to behave in a servile manner

سكسكة suksuka wren (?)

تسكسك tasaksuk servility

سكسوني saksūnī Saxonian; Saxon

سكسونيا saksōniyā Saxonia

سكع V to grope about (الظلمة aẓ-ẓulmata in the dark); to loiter, loaf, hang around; to proceed aimlessly, dawdle, potter | طرده الى حيث التسكع (ḥait t-tasakku‘u) to drive s.o. out into the dark, leave s.o. to an uncertain fate

سكاف sakkāf shoemaker

سكافة sikāfa shoemaker’s trade, shoemaking

اسكاف iskāf and اسكافي iskāfī pl. اساكفة asākifa shoemaker

اسكفة askafa threshold, doorstep; lintel

ساكف sākif lintel

اسكلة pl. اساكل look up alphabetically

1 سكن sakana u (سكون sukūn) to be or become still, tranquil, peaceful; to calm down, repose, rest; (gram.) to be vowelless (consonant, i.e., have no vowel immediately fallowing); to abate, subside, remit, cease (anger, pain, and the like); to pass, go away (عن from s.o. pain), leave (عن s.o., pain); to remain calm, unruffled (الى at, in the face of); to be reassured (ل, الى by); to rely (ل, الى on), trust, have faith (ل, الى in); to feel at home (الى in, at); -- sakana u (sakan, سكنى suknā) to live, dwell (ب or في, هـ in), inhabit (ب or في, هـ s.th.) II to calm (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), reassure, appease, placate (ه s.o.), soothe, allay, alleviate (هـ pain, and the like); (gram.) to make vowelless (هـ a consonant, i.e., pronounce it without a following vowel) III to live together, share quarters (في ه with s.o. in) IV to give or allocate living quarters (ه to s.o.); to settle, lodge, put up (هـ ه s.o. in) VI to live together, share quarters

سكن sakan means or time for rest; dwelling, abode, habitation; inhabited area, human habitations; ashes

سكني sakanī ashen, ash-gray

في حركاته وسكناته fī ḥarakātihī wa sakanātihī in all his doings; in every situation

سكنة sakina pl. -āt residence, home

سكون sukūn calm, tranquility, peace; silence, quiet; (gram.) vowellessness of a medial consonant; the graphic symbol of this vowellessness | سكون الطائر seriousness, sedateness, gravity

سكان sakkān cutler

سكان sukkān pl. -āt rudder

سكين sikkīn m. and f. pl. سكاكين sakākīn2 knife

سكينة sakīna pl. سكائن sakā’in2 immanence of God, presence of God; devout, God-inspired peace of mind; calm, tranquility, peace

سكينة sikkīna knife

سكنى suknā living, dwelling; stay, sojourn | محل السكنى maḥall as-s. place of residence

سكاكيني sakākīnī cutler

مسكن maskan, maskin pl. مساكن masākin2 dwelling, abode, habitation; house; home, residence, domicile

تسكين taskīn pacification, tranquilization, placation

اسكان settling, settlement; allocation of living quarters

ساكن sākin pl. -ūn, سكنة sakana, f. سواكن sawākin2 calm, motionless, still; --vowelless (medial consonant); stagnant, standing (water); O statio (electricity); (pl. سكان sukkān, سكنة sakana) dweller, inhabitant, resident, occupant; السكان the population | ساكن الجنان inhabitant of Paradise, deceased person, one of blessed memory; كثير السكان populous; لا يحرك ساكنا (yuḥarriku) he doesn’t budge, he doesn’t bend his little linger, he remains immobile, apathetic; حرك ساكنه (sākinahū) to rouse, agitate s.o.

مسكون maskūn populated, inhabited; haunted (place); possessed (person) | الدار مسكونة the house is haunted

المسكونة al-maskūna the inhabited world, the world

مسكوني maskūnī ecumenical (Chr.)

مسكن musakkin pl. -ūn pacifier, soother; (pl. -āt) sedative, tranquilizer

مساكن musākin pl. -ūn fellow citizen, neighbor

3 مسكنة and مسكين pl. مساكين look up alphabetically

سكنجبين sakanjabīn oxymel (pharm.)

سكندينافيا skandināfiyā and سكندناوة sikandināwa Scandinavia

سكندنافي sikandināfī Scandinavian

سكوت (Hebr. sukkōṭ): عيد السكوت ‘īd as-s. Sukkoth, Feast of Tabernacles (Jud.)

سكي skī ski

1 سل sal imperative of سأل sa’ala

2 سل salla u (sall) to pull out, withdraw, or remove gently (هـ s.th.); pass. sulla to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive V to steal away, slink away, slip away, escape; to spread, extend, get (الى to), reach (الى s.th.); to slip, slink, sneak, steal (الى into); to betake o.s., go (الى to, with secret designs); to invade, infiltrate, enter (الى s.th.); to penetrate (في to, as far as) VII to steal away, slink away, slip away, escape; to slip, slink, sneak, steal (الى into); to infiltrate (الى s.th., also pol.); to advance singly or in small groups (troops in the field; mil.); to have pulmonary tuberculosis, be consumptive VIII to pull out or remove gently (هـ s.th.); to withdraw gently (هـ s.th., e.g., كفه kaffahū one’s hand, عن from); to unsheathe, draw (هـ the sword); to wrest, snatch (من هـ from s.o. s.th.)

سل sall basket

سل sill, sull consumption, phthisis, tuberculosis | السل التدرني (tadarrunī) tuberculosis; السل الرئوي (ri’awī) pulmonary tuberculosis

سلة salla pl. سلال silāl basket |سلة المهملات s. al-muhmalāt wastepaper basket; كرة السلة kurat as-s. basketball

سليل salīl drawn (sword); descendant, scion, son

سليلة salīla pl. سلائل salā’il2 (female) descendant

سلال sallāl basketmaker, basket weaver

سلالة sulāla pl. -āt descendant, scion; progeny, offspring; family; race; strain, stock, provenience (of economic plants)

سلالى sulālī family (adj.)

مسلة masalla pl. -āt, مسال masāll2 large needle, pack needle; obelisk

تسلل tasallul infiltration (pol.); offside position (in football, hockey, etc.)

انسلال insilāl infiltration (pol.)

مسلول maslūl consumptive, affected with pulmonary tuberculosis

مستلة mustalla pl. -āt offprint (ir.)

سلأ sala’a a (sal’) to clarify (هـ butter)

سلاء silā’ pl. اسلئة asli’a clarified butter

سلاطة salāṭa salad

سلافي sulāfī Slavic; (pl. -ūn) Slav

سلاقون salāqūn red lead, minium

سلاقى see سلق

سلانيك salānīk2 Salonica (seaport in NE Greece)

سلب salaba a (salb) to take away, steal, wrest, snatch (ه من or ه هـ from s.o. s.th.), rob, strip, dispossess, deprive (ه من or ه هـ s.o. of s.th.); to plunder, rifle, loot (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to strip of arms and clothing (ه a fallen enemy); to withhold (ه هـ from s.o. s.th.), deny (ه هـ to s.o. s.th.); -- saliba a (salab) to put on or wear mourning, be in mourning V to be in mourning VIII = salaba

سلب salb spoliation, plundering, looting, pillage, robbing; negation | علامة السلب ‘alāmat as-s. minus sign (math.)

سلبي salbī negative (also el.); passive | الدفاع السلبي or المقاومة السلبية (muqāwama) passive resistance

سلبية salbīya negativism, negative attitude

سلب salab pl. اسلاب aslāb loot, booty, plunder, spoils; hide, shanks and belly of a slaughtered animal; -- ropes, hawsers (eg.)

سلاب sillāb pl. سلب sulub black clothing, mourning (worn by women)

سلاب sallāb robber, plunderer, looter

سليب salīb stolen, taken, wrested away

اسلوب uslūb pl. اساليب asālīb2 method, way, procedure; course; manner, mode, fashion; style (esp. literary); stylistic peculiarity (of an author) | اسلوب كتابي (kitābī) literary style

استلاب istilāb spoliation, plundering, looting, pillage, robbing

سالب sālib negative (adj.); (pl. سوالب sawālib2) O negative (phot.)

مسلوب maslūb unsuccessful

سلبند salaband martingale (of the harness)

سلت salata i u to extract, pull out (هـ s.th.); to chop off (هـ s.th., esp. a part of the body) VII to steal away, slip away

سلج salg (eg.) = سلق

السلاجقة as-salājiqa the Seljuk

سلجم saljam turnip (Brassica rapa; bot.); (eg.) rape (Brassica napus; bot.)

سلح salaḥa a (salḥ) to void excrement; to drop dung (bird) II to arm (ه هـ s.o. with) V to arm o.s. VI to engage in battle, fight, cross swords

سلح salḥ and سلاح sulāḥ excrements, dung, droppings

سلاح silāh pl. اسلحة asliḥa arm, weapon; arms, weapons; service (as a branch of the armed forces); armor; steel gripper, steel claw; plowshare سلاح الطيران s. aṭ-ṭayarān air force; سلاح الفرسان s. al-fursān cavalry; شاك السلاح šākk as-s. bristling with arms, armed to the teeth; سلم سلاحه sallama silāḥahū to lay down one’s arms, surrender

سلاحدار silāḥdār sword-bearer, shield-bearer, squire

سليح salīḥ pl. -ūn apostle (Chr.)

تسليح taslīḥ pl. -āt arming, equipping; armament, rearmament; armoring, reinforcement (in ferroconcrete construction)

تسلح tasalluḥ armament, rearmament | سباق التسلح sibāq at-t. arms race

مسلح musalliḥ armorer

سلح musallaḥ armed; armored, reinforced (with steel); = Fr. armé | القوات المسلحة (qūwāt) the armed forces; اسمنت مسلح (ismant) ferroconcrete, reinforced concrete; خرسانة مسلحة (karsāna) do.; زجاج مسلح (zujāj) wired glass

سلحفاء sulaḥfāh, silaḥfāh pl. سلاحف salāḥif2 turtle, tortoise

سلحفائية sulḥafā’īya dawdling, dilatoriness

سلخ salaka a u (salk) to pull off, strip off (هـ s.th.); to skin, flay (هـ an animal); to detach (هـ عن s.th. from); to end, terminate, conclude, bring to a close (هـ a period of time); to spend (هـ a period of time, في doing s.th.) V to peel (skin, from sunburn) VII to be stripped off, be shed (skin, slough); to shed, cast off (عن, من the slough, the skin), strip off, take off (عن, من clothing); to abandon, give up, cut off (هـ a trait, a quality); to get detached (عن, من from), come off (عن, من ); to withdraw, retire (من from); to pass, end (month)

سلخ salk detaching; skinning, flaying; snakeskin, slough; end of the month

سلخ salk: خشب سلخ (kašab) (barkless) soft wood, alburnum, sapwood

سلاخ sallāk pl. ة , -ūn butcher

سلخ salik skinned, flayed; tasteless, insipid (food)

سليخة salīka Chinese cinnamon tree (Cinnamomum cassia; bot.); cinnamon bark, cassia bark

سخانة salkāna pl. -āt slaughterhouse, abattoir

مسلخ maslak pl. مسالخ masālik2 slaughterhouse, abattoir

مسلاخ mislāk snakeskin, slough

منسلخ munsalak end of the month

سلس salisa a (salas, سلاسة salāsa) to be tractable, docile, compliant, obedient; to be smooth, flowing, fluent (style) IV to make tractable, render obedient, subdue (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make easy, smooth, fluent (هـ s.th.)

سلس salas incontinence of urine

سلس salis tractable, pliable, docile, compliant, obedient; flexible, smooth, fluent (style) | سلس القياد s. al-qiyād tractable, pliable, docile, compliant, obedient

سلاسة salāsa tractability, pliability, docility, compliance, obedience (also سلاسة القيادة s. al-qiyāda); smoothness, fluency (of style)

اسلس aslas2 more tractable, more pliable, more obedient; more flexible, smoother, more fluent

سلسبيل salsabīl name of a spring in Paradise; spring, well

سلسل salsala to link together, concatenate, interlink, interlock, connect, unite (هـ s.th. ب with); to chain up, enchain, fetter, shackle (ه s.o.); to pour (الماء في water into) | سلسله الى to trace s.o.’s lineage back to s.o. II tasalsala to flow down, trickle (in a continuous stream); to drip, dribble, fall in drops (water); to form a chain or series, be continuous; to be interlinked, interlocked, linked together, concatenate

سلسل salsal cool fresh water

سلسلة silsila pl. سلاسل salāsil2 iron chain; chain (also fig.); series (of essays, articles, etc.) | سلسلة الجبال mountain chain; سلسلة الظهر s. aẓ-ẓahr, backbone, vertebral column; السلسلة الفقرية (faqrīya) do.; سلسلة الأكاذب fabric of lies; سلسلة النسب s. an-nasab lineage, line of ancestors

تسلسل tasalsul sequence, succession | بالتسلسل without interruption, successively, consecutively, continuously; نشره بتسلسل to serialize s.th., publish s.th. in serial form

مسلسل musalaal chained; continuous (numbering) | رد فعل مسلسل (raddu fi‘lin) chain reaction (phys.); المرأة المسلسلة (mar’a) Andromeda (astron.)

متسلسل mutasalsil continuous (numbering)

1 سلط II to give (ه s.o.) power or mastery (على over), set up as overlord, establish as ruler (على ه s.o. over); to impose, inflict (على ه a penalty on s.o.); to bring to bear, exert (هـ force, pressure, and the like, على on); to load, charge (على هـ s.th. with electric current) | سلطوا عليه ايديهم (aidiyahum) they laid violent hands on …, dealt high-handedly with ...; سلط عليه الكلاب to set the dogs on s.o. V to overcome, surmount (على s.th.); to overpower, overwhelm (على s.o.); to prevail, gain the upperhand (على over), get the better of (على ); to be absolute master (على of), rule, reign, hold sway (على over); to control, supervise, command (على s.th.)

سلط sulṭa pl. -āt, سلط sulaṭ power, might, strength; authority; sway, dominion, influence, sovereign power, jurisdiction; (pl. -āt) official agency, authority |السلطة الأبوية (abawīya) paternal authority; patriarchy; السلطة الروحية (rūḥīya) spiritual power; السلطة التشريعية (tašrī‘īya) legislative power; سلطة عسكرية (‘askarīya) military authority; السلطة القضائية (qaḍā’īya) judicial power; السلطة التنفيذية (tanfīdīya) executive power

سلطة salṭa jacket

سليط salīṭ strong, solid, firm; glib; impudent, sharp, loose, vicious (tongue)

سلاطة salāṭa glibness; impudence, lack of restraint (in one’s language); see also alphabetically

تسلط tasalluṭ mastery, sway, dominion; rule, influence, authority, supremacy (على over); supervision, control

2 سلط salaṭa and سلاطة salāṭa salad

سلطح III اسلنطح islanṭaḥa to be broad, be wide

سلاطح sulāṭiḥ wide

سلطن salṭana to proclaim sultan, establish as ruler (ه s.o.) II تسلطن tasalṭana to become sultan or ruler

سلطنة salṭana sultanate

سلطان sulṭān m. and f. power, might, strength; rule, reign, dominion, sway; authority; mandate, authorization; legitimation (ب for); -- (pl. سلاطين salāṭīn2) sultan; (absolute) ruler | سلطان ابراهيم s. ibrāhīm red mullet (Mullus barbatus; zool.); ما انزل الله به من سلطان (anzala llāhu) (lit.; God has revealed no legitimation for it; with preceding indeterminate noun) vain, unfounded, baseless, arbitrary

سلطانة sulṭāna sultana, sultaness

سلطاني sulṭānī of the sultan; sovereign, imperial, royal | طريق سلطاني imperial highway

سلطانية suṭānīya soup bowl, tureen; large metal bowl

سلع Sali‘a a (sala‘) to crack, become cracked VII to split, break open, burst

سلع sal‘ pl. سلوع sulū‘ crack, fissure, rift

سلعة sil‘a pl. سلع sila‘ commodity, commercial article; sebaceous cyst, wen

سلف salafa u (salaf) to be over, be past, be bygone; to precede, antecede II to lend, loan, advance (هـ ه to s.o. money) IV to make (هـ s.th.) precede; to lend, loan, advance (ه هـ to s.o. money) | اسلفنا (القول ) (qaul) we have already said, we have previously stated; كما اسلفنا as we have already said V to borrow (هـ من s.th. from); to contract a loan VIII = V

سلف silf pl. اسلاف aslāf brother-in-law

سلفة silfa sister-in-law

سلف salaf and pl. اسلاف aslāf predecessors; forebears, ancestors, forefathers; سلف advance payment, prepayment; free loan, noninterest-bearing loan; سلفا salafan in advance, beforehand, before | السلف الصالح the worthy ancestors, the venerable forefathers

سلفية salafīya pl. -āt free loan; (cash) advance

السلفية as-salafīya an Islamic reform movement in Egypt, founded by Mohammed ‘Abduh (1849-1906)

سلفة sulfa pl. سلف sulaf loan; (cash) advance; inner lining of shoes, inner sole

سلاف sulāf choicest wine (made of the juice flowing from unpressed grapes)

سلافة sulāfa = سلاف sulāf

سلفاء sulafā’2 predecessors

مسلفة mislafa harrow

تسليف taslīf credit, advance | سعر التسليف si‘r at-t. rate of interest; بنك التسليف credit bank

تسليفة talīfa credit, loan | تسليفة عقارية (‘aqārīya) land credit

سالف sālif pl. سلف salaf, سلاف sullāf, سوالف sawālif, preceding, foregoing,

former, previous, bygone, past; predecessor; سالفا sālifan formerly, previously; above (as a reference in books, etc.) | سوالف الأحداث former, or past, events; سالف الذكر s. ad-dikr aforementioned; سالف العروس s. al-‘arūs amaranth (bot.); في سالف الزمان fī s. iz-zamān in former times, in the old days

1 سلفات sulfāt sulfate | سلفات النشادر s. an-nušādir ammonium sulfate

2O سلفت salfata to asphalt (هـ s.th.)

O مسلفت musalfat asphalted

سلفيد sulfīd sulfide

سلق salaqa u (salq) to lacerate the skin (ه of s.o.; with a whip); to remove with boiling water (هـ s.th.); to boil, cook in boiling water (هـ s.th.); to scald (هـ plants; said of excessive heat); to hurt (ه s.o., بلسانه bi-lisānihī with one’s tongue, i.e., give s.o. a tongue-lashing) V to ascend, mount, climb, scale (هـ s.th.); to climb up (plant)

سلق salq (eg.), silq a variety of chard, the leaves of which are prepared as a salad or vegetable dish

السلاق as-sullāq Ascension of Christ

سلاقة salāqa vicious tongue, violent language

سليقة salīqa pl. سلائق salā’iq2 dish made of grain cooked with sugar, cinnamon and fennel (syr.); inborn disposition, instinct

سلقون salaqūn and سلاقون salāqūn red lead, minium

سلاقي salāqī saluki, greyhound, hunting dog

سلوقي salūqī saluki, greyhound, hunting dog

تسلق tasalluq climbing; ascent

مسلوق maslūq cooked, boiled (meat, egg, vegetable)

مسلوقة maslūqa pl. مساليق masālīq2 bouillon, broth

النباتات المتسلقة an-nabātāt al-mutasalliqa climbing plants, creepers

سلك salaka u (salk, سلوك sulūk) to follow (هـ a road), travel (هـ along a road); to take (هـ a road), enter upon a course or road (هـ ; fig.); to behave, comport o.s. (نحو toward s.o.); to proceed, act; to set foot (هـ on), enter (هـ a place); -- salaka (salk) to insert (هـ في s.th. in), stick (هـ في s.th. into); to pass (هـ thread, في الإبرة through the eye of a needle), thread a needle | سلكه في السلسلة (silsila) to chain s.o. up II to clean, clear (هـ s.th., esp. pipelines, canals, etc.); to unreel, unwind (هـ yarn); to clarify, unravel, disentangle (امرا معقدا amran mu‘aqqadan a complicated affair) IV to insert (هـ في s.th. in), stick (هـ في s.th. into); to pass (هـ thread, في للإبرة through the eye of a needle), thread a needle

سلك silk pl. اسلاك aslāk thread; string (also, of a musical instrument); line; wire; rail (Mor.); -- organization, body; profession (as a group or career); corps; cadre | سلك الأرض s. al-arḍ or السلك الأرضي (arḍī) ground wire; اسلاك بحرية (baḥrīya) underwater cable; O السلك الحراري (h>arārī) filament (of a radio tube); O السلك المتحكم (mutaḥakkim) grid (of a radio tube); (رجال) السلك السياسي (siyāsī) diplomatic corps; سلك الشرطة s. aš-šurṭa the police; السلك الشائك barbed wire; O سلك الانصهار الواقى fuse (el.); السلك التعليمي (ta‘līmī) the teaching profession, the teachers; سلك القضاء s. al-qaḍā’ the judiciary, the judicature; O السلك المقاوم (muqāwim) resistor (el.); O السلك الهوائي (hawā’ī) antenna, aerial; انتظو في (الى) السلك البحري to be a member of an organization and the like; to join an organization and the like, e.g., الانتظام الى السلك البحري (baḥrī) entrance into the navy (as also انخراط في سلك )

سلكي silkī by wire, wire (adj.)

لاسلكي lā-silkī wireless; radio, broadcasting (adj. and n.); radiogram; radio specialist | اشارة لاسلكية (išāra) radio message; عامل لاسلكي radio operator

سلكة silka pl. سلك silak wire; thread; string (also, of a musical instrument)

سلوك sulūk behavior, comportment, demeanor, manners; conduct, deportment, attitude | حسن السلوك ḥusn as-s. good behavior, good manners; قواعد السلوك or آداب السلوك etiquette

مسلك maslak pl. مسالك masālik2 way, road, path; course of action, policy; procedure, method | المسالك البولية (baulīya) the urinary passages (anat.); مسالك الهواء m. al-hawā’ the respiratory passages (anat.); سلك مسلكا to enter upon a course (fig.)

مسلكي maslakī professional, vocational, industrial, trade (adj.)

سالك sālik cleaning, clearing

سالك sālik passable, practicable (road); entered upon (course); clear, open, not blocked, not obstructed (also anat.); (pl. -āt) one who follows the spiritual path (esp. myst.)

مسلوك maslūk passable, practicable (road); entered upon (course)

سلم salima a (سلامة salāma, سلام salām) to be safe and sound, unharmed, unimpaired, intact, safe, secure; to be unobjectionable, blameless faultless; to be certain, established, clearly proven (fact); to be free (من from); to escape (من ه danger) II to preserve, keep from injury, protect from harm (ه s.o.), save (ه من s.o. from); to hand over intact (هـ s.th., ل or الى to s.o.); to hand over, turn over, surrender (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., ل or الى to s.o.); to deliver (هـ ل or الى to s.o. s.th.); to lay down (هـ arms); to surrender, give o.s. up (ل or الى to); to submit, resign o.s. (ل or الى to); to greet. Salute (على s.o.); to grant salvation (God to the Prophet); to admit, concede, grant (ب s.th.); to consent (ب to s.th.), approve (ب of s.th.), accept, sanction, condone (ب s.th.) | سلم امره الى الله (amrahū) to commit one’s cause to God, resign o.s. to the will of God; سلم روحه (rūḥahū) to give up the ghost; سلم نفسه الأخير (nafasahū) to breathe one’s last, be in the throes of death; سلم نفسه للبوليس (nafsahū) to give o.s. up to the police; سلم اليه على الحسنى والإساءة (ḥusnā, isā’a) to put o.s. at s.o.’s mercy; سلم لي عليه (salim) give him my best regards! remember me to him! صلى الله عليه وسلم (sallā) God bless him and grant him salvation (eulogy after the name of the Prophet Mohammed) III to keep the peace, make one’s peace, make up (ه with s.o.) IV to forsake, leave, desert, give up, betray (ه s.o.); to let sink, drop (رأسه الى ركبتيه ra’sahū i. rukbataihī one’s head, to one’s knees); to hand over, turn over (الى to s.o., هـ or ه s.o. or s.th.); to leave, abandon (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to deliver up, surrender, expose (ه الى s.o. to); to commit o.s. resign o.s. (لله to the will of God, with ellipsis of نفسه or امره); (اسلم alone:) to declare o.s. committed to the will of God, become a Muslim, embrace Islam | اسلم امره الى الله (amrahū) to commit one’s cause to God, resign o.s. to the will of God; اسلم روحه (الروح ) (rūḥahū) to give up the ghost V to get, obtain (هـ s.th.); to receive (هـ s.th.); to have (هـ s.th.) handed over or delivered; to take over, assume (هـ the management of s.th.) | تسلم مقاليد الحكم (m. al-ḥukm) to take (the reins of) power VI to become reconciled with one another, make peace with one another VIII to touch, graze (هـ s.th.); to receive, get, obtain (هـ s.th.); to take over (هـ s.th.), take possession (هـ of) X to surrender, capitulate; to give way, submit, yield, abandon o.s. (ل or الى to s.th.); to give o.s. over (ل or الى to s.th.; to a man, said of a woman); to lend o.s., be a party (ل or الى to s.th.); to succumb (ل to)

سلم salm peace

سلم silm m. and f. peace; the religion of Islam |حب السلم ḥubb as-s. pacifism

سلمي silmī peaceful; pacifist

سلم salam forward buying (Isl. Law); a variety of acacia

سلم sullam pl. سلالم salālim2, سلاليم salālīm2 ladder; (flight of) stairs, stair-case; stair, step, running board; (mus.) scale; means, instrument, tool (fig.) | سلم متحرك (mutaḥarrik) escalator

سلمة sullama step, stair

سلام salām soundness, unimpairedness, intactness, well-being; peace, peacefulness; safety, security; -- (pl. -āt) greeting, salutation; salute; military salute; national anthem | السلام العام (‘āmm) general welfare, commonweal; دار السلام Paradise; an epithet of Baghdad; Dar es Salaam (seaport and capital of Tanganyika); مدينة السلام (the City of Peace =) Baghdad; نهر السلام nahr as-s. the Tigris; السلام عليكم (salāmu), سلام عليكم peace be with you! (a Muslim salutation); عليه السلام upon him be peace (used parenthetically after the names of angels and of pre-Mohammedan prophets); يا سلام exclamation of dismay, esp. after s.th. calamitous has happened: good Lord! good heavens! oh dear! يا سلام على exclamation of amazement or grief about s.th.: there goes (go) ...! what a pity for ...! how nice is (are) ...! بلغ سلامي اليه (ballig) give him my kind regards! remember me to him! والسلام (and) that’s all, and let it be done with that; على سلام it’s all over with ...

سلاملك (Turk. selamlιk) selāmlιk selamlik, reception room, sitting room, parlor

سلامة salāma blamelessness flawlessness; unimpaired state, soundness, integrity, intactness; well-being, welfare; safety, security; smooth progress; success | السلامة الاجماعية (ijmā‘īya) collective security; سلامة الذوق s. ad-­dauq good taste; سلامة (املاك) البلاد the integrity of the country; سلامة النية s. an-nīya sincerity, guilelessness; بسلامة النية in good faith, bona fide; سلامتك a speedy recovery! مع السلامة (a greeting of farewell, said by the person remaining behind) approx.: good-by! farewell! الحمد لله على السلامة (ḥamdu) praised be God for your well-being! (said to the traveler returning from a journey)

سليم salīm pl. سلماء sulamā’2 safe, secure; free (من from); unimpaired, undamaged, unhurt, sound, intact, complete, perfect, whole, integral; faultless, flawless; well; safe and sound; safe; healthy; sane; (euphemistically) seriously injured or damaged, on the verge of ruin | سليم البنية s. al-bunya healthy, sound in body; سليم العاقبة benign (disease); سليم العقل s. al-‘aql sane; سليم النية s. an-nīya, سليم القلب s. al-qalb guileless, sincere, good-natured; ذوق سليم (dauq) good taste

سلامى sulāmā pl. سلاميات sulāmayāt phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)

سلامية sulāmīya pl. -āt phalanx, digital bone (of the hand or foot)

اسلم aslam2 safer; freer; sounder; healthier

سليماني sulaimānī Solomon | حوت سليمان ḥūt s. salmon

سليماني sulaimānī corrosive sublimate, mercury chloride

تسليم taslīm handing over, turning over; presentation; extradition; surrender (of s.th.); delivery (com.; of mail); submission, surrender, capitulation; salutation; greeting; concession, admission; assent, consent (ب to), acceptance, approval, condonation, unquestioning recognition (ب of)

مسالمة musālama conciliation, pacification

اسلام islām submission, resignation, reconciliation (to the will of God); -- الاسلام the religion of Islam; the era of Islam; the Muslims

اسلامي islāmī Islamic

اسلامية islāmīya the idea of Islam, Islamism; status or capacity of a Muslim

اسلامبولي look up alphabetically

تسلم tasallum receipt; taking over, assumption; reception

استلام istilām receipt; acceptance; taking over, assumption | افادة الاستلام acknowledgment of receipt

استسلام istislām surrender, capitulation; submission, resignation, self-surrender

سالم sālim safe, secure; free (من from); unimpaired, unblemished, faultless, flawless, undamaged, unhurt, intact, safe and sound, safe; sound, healthy; whole, perfect, complete, integral; regular (verb) | الجمع السالم (jam‘) sound (= external) plural (gram.)

مسلم musallam unimpaired, intact, unblemished, flawless; (also مسلم به ) accepted, uncontested, incontestable, indisputable, incontrovertible

مسالم musālim peaceable, peaceful, peace-loving; mild-tempered, lenient, gentle

مسلم muslim pl. -ūn Muslim

مستلم mustalim recipient; consignee

سلندر (Fr. cylindre) silender pl. -āt cylinder (of an automobile, and the like)

سلا (سلو ) salā u (سلو sulūw, سلوان sulwān) and سلي saliya a (سلي sulīy) to get rid of the memory of (هـ, ه or عن ), forget (هـ, ه or عن s.o., s.th.), think no more (هـ, ه or عن of) II to make (ه s.o.) forget (عن s.o., s.th.); to comfort, console, solace (ه s.o., عن for the loss of); to cheer up (ه s.o.); to distract. divert (عن ه s.o.’s mind from); to amuse, entertain (ه s.o.); to alleviate, dispel (هـ worries and the like) IV = II V to delight, take pleaure (ب in), have a good time, have fun, amuse o.s. (ب with); to console o.s. (عن ب for s.th. with), find comfort (عن ب for s.th. in); to seek distraction or diversion (عن ب from s.th. in)

سلوى salwā, sulwā solace, consolation, comfort; fun, amusement, entertainment, distraction, diversion; pastime | هو في سلوة من العيش (‘aiš) he leads a comfortable life

سلوى salwā consolation, solace, comfort

سلوى salwā (n. un. سلواة ) pl. سلاوى salāwā quail (zool.)

سلوان sulwān forgetting, oblivion; consolation, solace, comfort

مسلاة maslāh pl. مسال masālin object of amusement; amusement, entertainment, fun, distraction, diversion; solace, consolation, comfort

تسلية tasliya consolation, amusement, distraction, diversion, fun; pastime, entertainment

مسل musallin amusing, entertaining; comforting, consoling; comforter, consoler

سلوفينيا slovēniyā Slovenia

مسلي maslī (eg.) = سمن samn: cooking butter | مسلي نباتي (nabātī) vegetable butter

سلينيوم silīniyūm selenium

1 اسم ism pl. اسماء asmā’, اسام asāmin name; appellation; reputation, standing, prestige; (gram.) noun; اسما isman nominally | اسم التأليف pen name, nom de plume; اسم الكتابة do.; اسم تجاري (tijārī) firm name (com.); اسم علم ism ‘alam proper name; اسم جامد (gram.) primary noun (not derived from a verb form); اسم الجمع ism al-jam‘ (gram.) collective noun (which, though forming no nomen unitatis, has a broken plural); اسم الجنس الجمعي ism al-jins al-jam‘ī (gram.) generic collective noun (which can form a nomen unitatis; e.g., rv. /lamam pigoons); اسم الإشارة ism al-išāra (gram.) demonstrative pronoun; اسم التصغير (gram.) diminutive; اسم العدد ism al-‘adad (gram.) numeral; اسم المعنى ism al-ma‘nā (gram.) abstract noun; اسم العين ism al-‘ain (gram.) concrete noun; اسم التفضيل (gram.) elative; اسم الفعل ism al-fi‘l (gram.) verbal noun, nomen verbi; اسم الفاعل (gram.) nomen agentis, active participle; اسم المفعول (gram.) nomen patientis, passive participle; اسم المرة ism al-marra (gram.) nomen vicis; الأسماء الحسنى (ḥusnā) the 99 names of God (Isl.); باسم فلان in s.o.’s name, on behalf of s.o.; بسم الله in the name of God; تقدم الطلبات باسم رئيس الجمعية (tuqaddamu ṭ-ṭalabāt) applications will be addressed to the chairman of the society

اسمي ismī in name only, nominal, titular; nominal (gram.) | مبلغ اسمي (mablag) nominal par; جملة اسمية (jumla) nominal clause (gram.); قيمة اسمية (qīma) nominal value, face value

2 سم samma u (samm) to put poison (هـ into s.th.); to poison (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) II to poison (هـ s.th.) V to be poisoned, poison o.s.

سم samm pl. سموم sumūm, سمام simām poison, toxin; venom; opening, hole; eye (of a needle) | السموم البيضاء (baiḍā’) the white narcotics (such as cocaine, Heroin, etc.)

سموم samūm f., pl. سمائم samā’im2 hot wind, hot sandstorm, simoom

مسام masāmm2, مسامات masāmmāt (pl.) pores (of the skin)

مسامي masāmmī porous

مسامية masāmmīya porousness, porosity

تسمم tasammum poisoning, toxication; sepsis | التسمم البولي (baulī) uremia; التسمم الدموي (damawī) blood poisoning, toxemia

سام sāmm poisonous; toxic, toxicant; venomous

مسموم masmūm poisoned; poisonous

مسم musimm poisonous; venomous; toxic, toxicant

سمانجوني samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean

سمباتوي simbātawī sympathetic (physiol.)

1 سمت III to be on the other side of (هـ ), be opposite s.th. (هـ ), face s.th. (هـ )

سمت samt pl. سموت sumūt way, road; manner, mode; السمت azimuth (astron.) | سمت الرأس s. ar-ra’s zenith, vertex (astron.); سمت الشمس s. aš-šams ecliptic (astron.); سمت الاعتدال equinoctial colure (astron.); سمت القدم s. al-qadam nadir (astron.); سمت الانقلاب solstitial colure (astron.); نظير السمت nadir (astron.); اخذ سمته الى to take the road to ...

2 سمات pl. of سمة , see وسم

سمج samuja to be ugly, disgusting, revolting II to make (هـ s.th.) ugly or loath-some

سمج samj pl. سماج simāj and samij pl. سماجى samājā ugly, disgusting, loathsome, revolting

سميج samīj pl. سماج simāj, سماجى samājā, سمجاء samajā’2 ugly, disgusting, loathsome, revolting

سماجة samāja ugliness, abominableness, odiousness

سمح samuḥa u (samḥ, سماح samāḥ, سماحة samāḥa) to be generous, magnanimous, kind, liberal, openhanded; -- samaḥa a (سماح samāḥ) to grant from a generous heart (ب ل s.o. s.th.); to allow, permit (ان or ب ل s.o. s.th. or to do s.th.); to authorize, empower (ب ل s.o. to do s.th.) | لا سمح الله God forbid! II to act with kindness III to show o.s. tolerant (ه with s.o., في or ب in), treat kindly, with indulgence (في or ب ه s.o. in the matter of), forgive (في or ب ه s.o. s.th.) VI to be indulgent, forbearing, tolerant (مع في toward s.o. in), show good will (في in); to be not overparticular (في in); to practice mutual tolerance X to ask s.o.’s (ه ) permission; to ask forgiveness, apologize

سمح samḥ magnanimity, generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence

سمح samḥ pl. سماح simāḥ magnanimous, generous; kind; liberal, openhanded

سماح samāḥ magnanimity, generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence; indulgence, forbearance, tolerance, forgiveness, pardon; permission (ب for, to do s.th.)

سماحة samāḥa magnanimity; generosity; kindness; liberality, munificence; indulgence, forbearance, tolerance; سماحته His Eminence, سماحة المفتي His Eminence the Mufti (title of a mufti)

سميح samīḥ pl. سمحاء sumahā’2 generous, magnanimous; kind, forgiving; liberal, openhanded

الحنيفة السمحاء al-ḥanīfa as-samḥā’ the true and tolerant (religion. i.e., Islam)

مسامحة musāmaḥa pardon, forgiveness; (pl. -āt) vacation, holidays

تسامح tasāmuḥ indulgence, forbearance, leniency, tolerance

مسموح به masmūḥ bihī allowed, permitted, permissible, admissible | مسموحات licenses, privileges, prerogatives

متسامح mutasāmiḥ indulgent, forbearing (مع toward), tolerant

سمحاق simḥāq pl. سماحق samāḥiq2 periosteum (anat.)

1 سمد samada u (سمود sumūd) to raise one’s head proudly, bear one’s head proudly erect (also with الرأس ) II to dung, manure, fertilize (الأرض the soil)

سماد samād pl. اسمدة asmida dung, manure, fertilizer | سماد صناعي (ṣinā‘ī) chemical fertilizer; سماد عضوي organic fertilizer

تسميد tasmīd manuring, fertilizing

سامد sāmid: سامد الرأس s. ar-ra’s with head erect

مسمدات musammidāt fertilizers

2 سميد samīd (= سميذ ) semolina (syr.); a kind of biscuit or rusk, sometimes ring-shaped and sprinkled with sesame seed (eg.)

سمدور sumdūr pl. سمادير samādīr2 dizziness, vertigo

سميذ samīd semolina

1 سمر samura u (سمرة sumra) to be or turn brown; -- samara u (samr, سمور sumūr) to chat in the evening or at night; to chat, talk (generally) II to nail, fasten with nails (هـ الى s.th. to or on); to drive in (المسمار al-mismār the nail) III to spend the night or evening in pleasant conversation, chat at night or in the evening (ه with s.o.); to converse, talk, chat(ه with s.o.) V to be or get nailed down, be fastened with nails: to stand as if pinned to the ground VI to spend the night or evening in pleasant conversation, chat with one another at night or in the evening; to converse, talk, chat IX = I samura

سمر saar pl. اسمار asmār nightly, or evening, chat; conversation, talk, chat; night, darkness

سمرة sumra brownness, brown color

سمار samār (eg.) a variety of rush used for plaiting mats (Juncus spinocus F., bot.) | سمار هندي صلب (hindī ṣulb) a variety of bamboo

سمير samīr companion in nightly entertainment, conversation partner; entertainer in general, with stories, songs, music, amusing improvisations)

سميرة samīra woman partner in nightly or evening conversation; woman entertainer; woman companion (who entertains with lively conversation)

اسمر asmar2, f. سمراء samrā’2, pl. سمر sumr brown; tawny; pl. سمراوات samrāwāt brown-skinned women

مسامر masāmir2 (pl.) evening or nightly entertainments (conversations, also games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)

مسمار mismār pl. مسامير masāmīr2 nail; peg; pin, tack, rivet; corn (on the toes)

الخط المسماري al-kaṭṭ al-mismārī cuneiform writing

مسامرة musāmara nightly or evening chat; conversation, talk, chat

سامر sāmir pl. سمار summār companion in nightly entertainment; causeur, conversationalist; entertainer

سوامر sawāmir2 (pl.) evenings of entertainment, social evenings; evening or nightly entertainments (conversations, also games, vocal recitals, storytelling, etc.)

مسمر musammar fastened with nails, nailed on, nailed down; provided, or studded, with nails; hobnailed

مسامر musāmir companion in nightly entertainment, conversation partner

2 السامرة as-sāmira the Samaritans

سامري sāmirī Samaritan; (pl. -ūn, سمرة samara) a Samaritan

3 سمور pl. سمامير look up alphabetically

سمرقند samarqand2 Samarkand (city in Uzbek S.S.R.)

سمسر samsara to act as broker or middleman

سمسرة samsara brokerage; caravansary

سمسار simsār pl. سماسرة samāsira, سماسر samāsir2, سماسير samāsīr2 broker, jobber, middleman, agent | سمسار الأسهم s. al-ashum stockbroker

سمسيرة samsīra (ir.) go-between, match-maker

سمط samaṭa u (samṭ) to scold (هـ s.th.); to prepare (هـ s.th.)

سمط simṭ pl. سموط sumūṭ string, thread (of a pearl necklace)

سماط simāṭ pl. -āt, سمط sumuṭ, اسمطة asmiṭa cloth on which food is served; meal, repast

مسمط masmaṭ pl. مسامط masāmiṭ2 scalding house (where the carcasses of slaughtered animals are scalded)

مسمط mismaṭ pl. مسامط masāmiṭ2 vine prop

سمع sami‘a a (sam‘, سماع samā‘, سماعة samā‘a, مسمع masma‘) to hear (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; ب of or about s.th.; هـ من s.th. from s.o.); to learn, be told (هـ من of or about s.th. from s.o.); to listen, pay attention (الى or ل to s.th.; من to s.o.), hear s.o. (من ) out; to learn by hearsay (ب about s.th.); to overhear (ب s.th.); to give ear, lend one’s ear (الى or ل to s.o., to s.th.) | لم يسمع به (yusma‘) unheard-of II to make or let (ه s.o.) hear (هـ s.th.), give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to hear; to recite (هـ s.th.); to say (هـ one’s lesson); to dishonor, discredit (ب s.o.) IV to make or let (ه s.o.) hear (ه s.th.), give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to hear; to let (ه s.o.) know (هـ s.th. or about s.th.), tell (ه هـ s.o. about s.th.) V to give ear, listen, lend one’s ear (الى, ل to s.o., to s.th.); to eavesdrop, listen (secretly) VI تسامع به الناس people heard about him from one another, word about him got around, he became known among people VIII to hear, overhear (هـ s.th.); to listen, listen closely, give ear, lend one’s ear (الى or ل or هـ, ه to s.o. or s.th.); to eavesdrop; to auscultate (على s.o.)

سمع sam‘ hearing, sense of hearing, audition; ears; (pl. اسماع asmā‘) ear | شاهد السمع earwitness; السمع والطاعة as-sam‘u wa-ṭ-ṭā‘a and سمعا وطاعة sam‘an wa ṯā‘atan I hear and obey! at your service! very well! تحت سمعهم in their hearing, for them to hear; استرق السمع istaraqa s-sam‘a to eavesdrop; to monitor, intercept; القى بسمعه اليه (alqā) to listen to s.o.; مد سمعه madda sam‘ahū to prick up one’s ears

سمعي sam‘ī auditory, auditive, hearing (used attributively); acoustic; acoustical; traditional | علم السمعيات ‘ilm as-sam‘īyāt acoustics

سمعة sum‘a reputation (specif., good reputation), credit, standing, name | حميد (حسن) السمعة hamīd (ḥasan) reputable, respectable; رديء (سيء) السمعة radī’ (sayyi’) ill-reputed, disreputable

سماع samā‘ hearing, listening, listening in; auditioning, audition; hearing, receiving (e.g., of a verdict); (gram. and lex.) generally accepted usage

سماعي samā‘ī acoustic; acoustical; audible; (gram. and lex.) sanctioned by common usage; derived from tradition, traditional, unwritten (Isl. Law)

سماعيات samā‘īyāt acoustics (phys.)

سميع samī‘ pl. سمعاء suma‘ā’2 hearing, listening; hearer, listener; السميع the All-hearing (one of the 99 attributes of God)

سماعة sammā‘a pl. -āt earphone; earpiece; (telephone) receiver; stethoscope; ear trumpet; knocker, rapper (of a door)

مسمع masma‘ earshot, hearing distance | على مسمع من in the hearing of, within earshot of; على مسمع منه for him to hear, so that he could hear it

مسمع misma‘ pl. مسامع masāmi‘2 ear; O stethoscope; (telephone) receiver | على مسامعهم in their hearing, for them to hear

مسمعة misma‘a earpiece; (telephone) receiver

سامع sāmi‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener

مسموع masmū‘ audible, perceptible | مسموع الكلمة m. al-kalima one whose word carries weight, is paid attention to

مستمع mustami‘ pl. -ūn hearer, listener; pl. المستمعون the audience

1 سمق samaqa u (سموق sumūq) to be high, tall, lofty, tower up

سموق samūq very high, towering; tall and lanky

سامق sāmiq very high, lofty, towering

2 سماق summāq sumac (Rhus; bot.); its highly acid seeds which, after being dried and ground, serve, together with thyme, as a condiment

حجر سماقي ḥajar summāqī porphyry

سمك II to make thick, thicken (هـ s.th.)

سمك samk roof, ceiling

سمك sumk thickness

سمك samak (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. سماك simāk, اسماك asmāk fish | سمك موسى s. mūsā plaice (zool.)

سمكة samaka (n. un.) a fish; السمكة the Fish, Pisces (astron.)

سمكي samakī fish-like, fishy, piscine, fish (adj.)

سماك simāk: السماكان as-simākān Arcturus and Spica Virginis (astron.) | السماك الرامح Arcturus (astron.); السماك الأعزل (a‘zal) Spice Virginis (astron.); حلق الى السماكين (ḥallaqa) to have high-flown aspirations

سماك sammāk fishmonger; fisherman, fisher

سميك samīk thick

سماكة samāka thickness

مسامك masāmik2 fish stores, sea-food stores

سمكرة samkara tinsmith’s trade, tinsmithing

سمكري samkarī tinsmith, tinner, white-smith

سمكرية samkarīya trade or work of a tinsmith, tinsmithing

سمل samala u (saml) to gouge, scoop out, tear out (عينه ‘ainahū s.o.’s eye); -- samala u (سمول sumūl, سمولة sumūla) to be worn, tattered, in rags (garment) IV to be worn, tattered, in rags (garment) VIII to gouge, scoop out, tear out (عينه ‘ainahū s.o.’s eye)

سمل samal pl. اسمال asmāl worn garment; tatters, rags; last remainder of a liquid in a vessel | شرب الكأس حتى السمل to drain the cup to the dregs

سمن samina a (siman, سمانة samāna) to be or become fat, corpulent, obese, stout, plump, fleshy, put on weight II and IV to make fat or plump, fatten (ه s.o.)

سمن samn pl. سمون sumūn clarified butter, cooking butter

سمن siman fatness, plumpness, fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity

سمنة simna fatness, plumpness, fleshiness, stoutness, corpulence; obesity

سمون summūn (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. سمامن samāmin2 quail (zool.)

سمين samīn pl. سمان simān fat; corpulent, plump, fleshy, stout, obese

سمان summān (coll.; n. un. ة ) quail (zool.)

سمان sammān butter merchant

سمانة samāna: سمانة الرجل s. ar-rijl calf of the leg

سمانى sumānā (coll.; n. un. سماناة sumānāh) pl. سمانيات sumānayāt quail (zool.)

مسمن musamman fat

سمنتو (Sp. cemento) cement

سمنجوني samanjūnī and سمانجوني samānjūnī sky-blue, azure, cerulean

سمندر samandar salamander

سمندل samandal salamander

سمهوري samhūrī tall and husky, extremely tall, of giant stature (القامة السمهورية ); spear (originally epithet of a strong, tough spear)

سمة sima see وسم

سما (سمو ) samā u (سمو sumūw) to be high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (عن ), rise above, tower above (عن ); to be too proud (or for); to be too high or difficult (عن for s.o.), be or go beyond the understanding of s.o. (عن ), exceed s.o.’s (عن ) understanding; to rise (الى to, على above or beyond); to be higher (على than); to strive (الى for), aspire (الى to, after) | سما به to lift, raise, elevate, elevate load up, bring up s.o. or s.th. (الى to); to buoy s.o. up, boost, encourage s.o. III to seek to surpass or excel (ه s.o.): to vie for superiority or glory (ه with s.o.) IV to lift, raise, elevate, erect, load up, bring up (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VI to vie with one another for glory; to be high, elevated, raised, erect, lofty, tall, eminent, prominent; to rise high, tower up; to be above or beyond s.th. or s.o. (عن ), rise above, tower above (عن ); to claim to be higher in rank (على than s.o. else), claim to be above s.o. (على ); to deem o.s. highly superior

سمو sumūw height, altitude; exaltedness, loftiness, eminence, highness | سمو الدوق His Grace the Duke; صاحب السمو الملكى (malakī) His Royal Highness; صاحبة السمو الملكي Her Royal Highness; سمو الأخلاق nobility of character

سماء samā’ m. and f., pl. (سموات) سماوات samāwāt heaven, sky; firmament | سماء السماوات the highest heaven

سمائي samā’ī heavenly, celestial; sky, blue, azure, cerulean

سماوي samāwī heavenly, celestial; sky, blue, azure, cerulean; descended from heaven; open-air, outdoor, (being) under the open sky; divine, pertaining to God and religion

سمي samīy high, elevated; exalted, lofty, sublime, august

اسمى asmā higher, farther up, above; more exalted, higher (in rank), more eminent, loftier, more sublime

سام sāmin pl. سماة sumāh high, elevated; exalted, lofty, eminent, sublime, august | امر سام (amr) royal decree; المندوب السامي the High Commissioner

سمور sammūr pl. سمامير samāmīr2 sable (Martes zibellina; zool.)

سمى II to name, call, designate, denominate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., ب or هـ by or with a name), give a name (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to title, entitle (هـ or هـ ب s.th. as or with); to nominate, appoint (ه ل s.o. to s.th.); to pronounce the name of God by saying بسم الله | سمى الله عليه (sammā llāha) or سمى عليه to invoke God over s.th. by saying بسم الله IV to name, call, designate, denominate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., ب or هـ by or with a name), give a name (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to title, entitle (هـ s.th., هـ or ب as or with) V to be called, be named | تسمى بزيد he was named Zaid, he called himself Zaid

اسم ism see1 سم

سمى samīy namesake

تسمية tasmiya pl. -āt naming, appellation, designation, name, denomination; nomenclature; = بسمل basmala (use of the formula بسم الله )

مسمى musamman named, called, by name of; -- (pl. مسميات musammayāt) designation, appellation, name; sense, meaning (of a word) | الى أجل مسمى (ajalin) for a limited period, الى أجل غير مسمى for an indefinite time, sine die, until further notice

2 سنة sana pl. سنون sinūn, سنوات sanawāt year | سنة محمدية (muḥammadīya) Mohammedan year; سنة كبيسة leap year; سنة مسيحية (masīḥīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.; سنة هجرية (hijrīya) year of the Muslim era (after the hegira), A.H.; سنة ميلادية (mīlādīya) year of the Christian era, A.D.

سنوي sanawī annual, yearly; سنويا sanawīyan annually, yearly, in one year, per year, per annum

مسانهة musānahatan annually, yearly

2 سنة sina see وسن

3 سن sanna u (sann) to sharpen, whet, hone, grind (هـ s.th.); to mold, shape, form (هـ s.th.); to prescribe, introduce, enact, establish (هـ a law, a custom) | سن قانونا to enact, or pass, a law II to sharpen, whet, hone, grind (هـ s.th.); to indent, jag, notch (هـ s.th.) IV to grow teeth, cut one’s teeth, teethe; to grow old, to age; to be advanced in years VIII to clean and polish one’s teeth with the سواك ; to take, follow (هـ a course or way); to prescribe, introduce, enact, establish (هـ a law, a custom) | استن سنة محمد (sunnata m.) to follow the Sunna of Mohammed

سن sann prescription, introduction, enactment, issuance (of laws)

سن sinn f., pl. اسنان asnān, اسنة asinna, اسن asunn tooth (also, e.g., of a comb; of a saw blade); jag; cog, sprocket, prong; tusk (of an elephant, of a boar, etc.); fang (of a snake, etc.); point, tip (of a nail), nib (of a pen); (pl. اسنان asnān) age (of a person); -- (eg.) coarse flour, seconds | سن الرشد s. ar-rušd legal age, majority; سن الفيل s. al-fīl ivory; صغير السن young; كبير السن old; طعن في السن to be advanced in years, be aged; تقدمت به السن (taqaddamat) to grow older, to age; to be advanced in years

سنة sunna pl. سنن sunan habitual practice, customary procedure or action, norm, usage sanctioned by tradition; السنة or سنة النبي s. an-nabīy the Sunna of the Prophet, i.e., his sayings and doings, later established as legally binding precedents (in addition to the Law established by the Koran) | اهل السنة ahl as-s. the Sunnites, the orthodox Muslims; سنة الطبيعة law of nature

سني sunnī Sunnitic; (pl. -ūn) Sunnite, Sunni

سنن sanan customary practice, usage, habit, rule

سنان sinān pl. اسنة asinna spearhead

سنون sanūn tooth powder

اسن asann2 older, farther advanced in years

مسن misann pl. -āt, مسان masann whetstone, grindstone; razor strop

مسنون masnūn prescribed (as Sunna), sanctioned by law and custom; sharpened, whetted, honed; tapered; pointed (e.g., mustache, features); stinking, fetid (mire)

مسنن musannan toothed, serrated, dentate, denticulate, indented, jagged; pointed, sharp; sharp-featured (countenance)

مسننة musannana pl. -āt cogwheel

مسن musinn pl. مسان masānn2 old, aged, advanced in years; of legal age, legally major

سنا see سنو

سنارة sinnāra pl. سنانير sanānīr2 fishing tackle; fishhook

سنباذج sanbādaj grindstone, whetstone; emery

سنبوق sunbūq pl. سنابيق sanābiq2 barge, skiff, boat

1 سنبك sunbuk pl. سنابك sanābik2 toe of the hoof; hoof; awl, punch, borer

2 سنبك sunbuk pl. سنابك sanābik and سنبوك sunbūk pl. سنابيك sanābīk2 barge, skiff, boat

سنبل sunbul (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt, سنابل sanābil2 ear, spike (of grain); السنبلة Virgo (astron.) | السنبل الرومي (rūmī) Celtic spikenard (Nardus celtica; bot.); السنبل الهندي (hindī) Indian spikenard (Nardotachys jatamansi; bot.)

سنبلي sunbulī spiciform, spicat, shaped like a spike or ear (bot.)

سنبوسك sanbūsik, sanbūsak (syr., ir.) triangular meat pie with a wavy bread crust

سنت cent

سنتمتر satimitr pl. -āt centimeter

1 سنجة sanja pl. سنج sinaj, سنج sanajāt weight (placed as a counterpoise on the scales of a balance)

2 سنجة singa (from Turk. süngü) pl. سنج sinag bayonet (eg.)

3 سناج sināj soot, smut

سنجاب sinjāb gray squirrel; fur of the gray squirrel

سنجابي sinjābī ash-colored, ashen, gray

سنجق sanjaq pl. سناجق sanājiq2 standard, flag, banner; sanjak, administrative district and subdivision of a vilayet (in the Ottoman Empire)

سنح sanaḥa a (sunḥ, sunūḥ, سنوح sunūḥ) to occur (ل to s.o.), come to s.o,’s mind (ل , idea, thought); to present itself, offer itself (ل to s.o., esp. an opportunity); to afford (ب ل s.o s.th.); -- to dissuade (عن ه s.o. from his opinion), argue or reason (عن ه s.o. out of his opinion)

سانح sāniḥ pl. سوانح sawāniḥ2 turning its right side toward the viewer (game or bird); auspicious, propitious; favorable, good (opportunity); pl. سوانح auspices, good omens, auspicious signs; ideas, thoughts

سانحة sāniḥa opportunity

سنخ sink pl. اسناخ asnāk, سنوخ sunūk root, origin; alveolus, gingival margin of a tooth (anat.)

سنخ sanak rankness (of oil). fustiness

سنخ sanik rank, rancid (oil), fusty

سناخة sanāka rankness (of oil), fustiness

1 سند sanada u (سنود sunūd) to support o.s., prop o.s. rest (الى on, upon), lean, recline (الى upon, against) II to support, stay, prop, lean (هـ s.th.) III to support, back, assist, help, aid (ه s.o.) IV to make (ه s.o.) rest (الى on); to make (ه s.o.) lean or recline (الى against, on); to lean (الى هـ s.th. against); to rest, support, prop (الى هـ s.th. on); to base, found (الى هـ s.th. on); (science of Islamic traditions:) to base a tradition (هـ ) on s.o. (الى ) as its first authority, i.e., to trace back the ascription of a tradition. in ascending order of the traditionaries, to its first authority so as to corroborate its credibility; (gram.) to lean a term (هـ ) upon another (الى ) being the subject of the sentence, i.e., to predicate it, make it its predicate; to entrust (ل or الى هـ s.th. to s.o.). vest (ل or الى هـ s.th. in s.o.); to attribute, ascribe (هـ ل or الى to s.o. s.th.); to incriminate, charge (هـ الى s.o. with); to lean (الى against, to, on), rest (الى on); to be based, he founded (الى on) | اسند التهمة الى (tuhma) to direct one’s suspicion on or toward ...; اسند التهمة الى (usnidat) suspicion fell on VI to support one another, give mutual support; to support o.s. lean, rest; to trust, rely VIII to lean, recline, be recumbent (على, الى against, on); to rest one’s arms, one’s weight (على, الى on), support one’s weight (على, الى by); to be based, be founded (على, الى on); to rely (على, الى on), trust, have confidence (على, الى in); to use as (documentary) basis (على , s.th.), rest one’s case on (على) سند sanad pl. -āt, اسناد asnād support, prop, stay, rest, back; backing; (pl. اسناد ) ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the (uninterrupted) chain of authorities on which a tradition is based | سندات خشبية (kašabīya) wooden struts, wood bracing; -- (pl. -āt) document, deed, paper, legal instrument; voucher, record; commercial, or negotiable, paper, security, bond; debenture, promissory note, note of hand, debenture bond | سند شحن البضائع s. saḥn al-b. bill of lading; رجال السند informants, authorities, sources

سندان sandān, sindān pl. سنادين sanādīn2 anvil

مسند musnad, masnad pl. مساند masānid2 support, prop, stay; rest, back (of an armchair); cushion, pillow

اسناد isnād pl. اسانيد asānīd2 ascription (of an Islamic tradition), the (uninterrupted) chain of authorities on which a tradition is based; اسانيد (documentary) proof, vouchers, records, documents

استناد istinād leaning (الى against or upon); dependence (الى on) | استنادا الى based on, on the basis of, on the strength of

مسند musnad pl. مساند masānid2 (science of Islamic traditions:) a tradition the ascription of which is traceable, in (uninterrupted) ascending order of the traditionaries, to its first authority; mesh; المسند predicate (gram.); المسند اليه subject (gram.)

مستند mustanid relying, in reliance (الى, على on), trusting (الى, على to)

مستند mustanad reason, cause; motive; -- (pl. -āt) document, paper, deed, legal instrument; voucher, record; receipt; pl. (documentary) proof, records, data; legal evidence (jur.) | دار المستندات archives, office of public records; مستندات الشحن m. aš-šaḥn bills of lading

2 السند as-sind region extending along the lower course and delta of the Indus river; the province of Sind, of West Pakistan, with the capital city Karachi; the inhabitants of this region

سندروس sandarūs sandarac (a resin obtained from the sandarac tree, Callitris quadrivalvis)

سندس sundus silk brocade, sarcenet

سندسي sundusī (made) of silk brocade or sarcenet

سندال = سندان (see above)

سنديان sindiyān (coll.; n. un. ة ) evergreen oak, holm oak (Quercus ilex; bot.)

سندياني sindiyānī oaken; like oak. oaky

سنديك (Fr. syndic) sandīk syndic, agent of a corporation

1 سنور sinnaur, pl. سنانير sanānīr2 cat

2 سنارة sinnāra pl. سنانير sanānīr2 fishing tackle, fishhook

السنسكريتية as-sanskrītīya Sanskrit

1 سنط sanṭ a variety of sant tree (Acacia nilotica; bot.)

2 سنطة sanṭa (eg.) wart

سنطور sanṭūr dulcimer (= سنطير )

سنطير sinṭīr, sanṭīr psalter; dulcimer

سنغافومرة singāfūra Singapore

سنغال sinigāl

سنف sinf (coll.; n. un. m) pod, capsule, hull (bot.)

سنفرة sanfara emery

سنكرى sankarī pl. سناكرة sanākira tinsmith, tinsman, tinner, whitesmith

سنكسار sinaksār synaxarion, martyrologium (Chr.)

سنكة (Turk. süngü) sənge bayonet (syr.)

سنكونا sinkūnā cinchona (bot.)

سنم V to ascend, mount, scale (هـ s.th.) | تسنم ذروة المعالي (darwat l-ma‘ālī) to attain to greatest honors

سنمة sanama height, summit, peak

سنام sanām pl. اسنمة asnima hump (of the camel)

ماء التسنيم mā’ at-tasnīm the beverage of the blessed in Paradise

تسنم tasannum accession to the throne

مسنم musannam convex, vaulted, arched

1 سنمار sinimmār2: جزاه جزاء سنمار jazāhu jazā’ s. he repaid him as they had repaid S., i.e., he requited evil with good

2 سنمورة sanamūra anchovy; salted and smoked fish

1 سنه V to become stale, spoil (food)

2 مسانهة musānahatan annually, yearly

1 سنا sanā, سنا مكى s. makkī, سنا مكة s. maka (bot.) senna (tree), senna leaflets (pharm.)

2 سنو ) and سني) سنا sanā u (سناء sanā’) to gleam, shine, glisten, be resplendent, radiate; to flash (lightning) II to facilitate, ease, make easy (هـ s.th.) V to be easy, be possible, be feasible (ل for or to s.o.), be rendered possible or feasible (ل for s.o.), be put in s.o.’s (ل ) power; to rise, be elevated, be exalted

سنى and سنا sanan brilliance, resplendence, splendor, flare, flash, sparkle

سناء sanā’ brilliance, resplendence, splendor, radiance, flash, flare (of lightning); exaltedness, sublimity, majesty, high rank

سني sanīy high, sublime, exalted, splendid more shining, more radiant, more brilliant

سانية sāniya pl. سوان sawānin water scoop

مسناة musannāh pl. مسنيات musannayāt jetty, dam

سنودس (Gr. σύνοδος) sinōdos synod

سنونو sanūnū swallow (zool.)

سنوي sanawī annual, yearly; سنويا sanawīyan annually. yearly, per year, per annum

سهب IV to speak at great length, talk in detail (عن about, of), enlarge, elaborate, expatiate, dilate (عن on)

سهب suhb pl. سهوب suhūb level country; steppe region

اسهاب ishāb elaboration, elaborateness, expatiation, long-windedness, prolixity | باسهاب elaborately, in detail, at length, lengthily

مسهب mushib, mushab prolix, long-winded, lengthy, detailed, elaborate

سهد sahida a (sahad) to be sleepless, find no sleep n to make sleepless, keep awake, deprive of sleep (ه s.o.) V = I

سهد suhd sleeplessness, insomnia

سهد suhud insomniac

سهاد suhād sleeplessness, insomnia

ساهد sāhid sleepless, awake

سهر sahara a (sahar) to be sleepless, find no sleep, pass the night awake (also with الليل ); to stay up at night, spend the night (على in or with some activity); to watch (على over), guard (على s.o.’s interests, etc.), look after (على ), attend to (على s.o.’s interests, etc.) | سهر في حفلة to attend a gathering in the evening or at night IV to make sleepless, keep awake (ه s.o.)

سهر sahar sleeplessness, insomnia; wakefulness, vigil; watchfulness, vigilance (على over) | طال عنده سهري I spent a long evening with him

سهرة sahra pl. saharāt evening; evening party, evening gathering, evening show or performance, soiree | سهرة ليلية (lailīya) do.; ثياب (لباس) السهرة evening dress, formal dress

سهران sahrān sleepless, awake, wakeful; watchful, vigilant

سهار suhār sleeplessness, insomnia; wakefulness, vigil

سهار sahhār one who is habitually up and abroad at night, a nighthawk

O اسهر ashar spermatic duct (anat.)

مسهر mashar pl. مساهر masāhir2 nightclub

ساهر sāhir sleepless, awake, wakeful; watchful, vigilant; evening, night, nocturnal, nightly, taking place by night | حفلة ساهرة (ḥafla) evening party, evening gathering, evening show or performance, soirée

سهف sahifa a (sahaf) to be very thirsty

سهف suhāf violent thirst

سهل sahula u (سهولة suhūla) to be smooth, level, even (ground); to be or become easy, facile, convenient (على for) | لا يسهل ان hardly II to smooth, level, even (هـ the ground); to facilitate, make easy, ease (هـ ل or على for s.o. s.th.); to provide, furnish, supply (هـ ل or على s.o. with facilities); (gram.) to read without hamzah (هـ a word) ill to be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging (ه toward s.o.), show (ه s.o.) one’s good will | ساهل نفسه (nafsahū) to take liberties IV to purge (med.); to relieve (هـ the constipated bowels, said of a medicine); pass. ushila to be relieved (said of constipated bowels), have a bowel movement, have diarrhea V to be or become easy (ل for) VI to be indulgent, mild, forbearing, obliging, tolerant (مع toward s.o., also ل ); to be negligent, careless (ل in s.th.) X to deem easy, think to be easy (هـ s.th.)

سهل sahl and sāhil smooth, level, even, soft (ground); easy, facile, convenient (على for s.o.); simple, plain; fluent, flowing, facile (style); -- (pl. سهول suhūl) level, soft ground; plain | سهل الاستعمال handy, easy to handle or to use, convenient for use; سهل الهضم s. al-haḍm easily digestible, light; عملة سهل (‘umla) soft currency; كان من السهل عليه to be easy for s.o., come easy to s.o.; اهلا وسهلا see اهل

O سهلة sahla (proof) planer (typ.)

سهيل suhail Canopus (astron.)

سهل sahūl purgative, laxative, aperient (adj. and n.)

سهولة suhūla easiness, ease, facility, convenience | بسهولة easily, conveniently

اسهل ashal smoother, evener, leveler; easier; more convenient

تسهيل tashīl pl. -āt facilitation

اسهال ishāl diarrhea

تساهل tasāhul indulgence, mildness, leniency, forbearance, tolerance; carelessness, negligence

مسهل musahhil purgative, laxative, aperient; (pl. -āt) a purgative, a laxative

مسهل mushal suffering from diarrhea

متساهل mutasāhil indulgent, mild, lenient, forbearing, tolerant

مستسهل mustashal easy, facile

سهم sahama u (سهوم suhūm) to look grave, have a grave expression III to cast, or draw, lots (ه with s.o.); to participate, take part (في in), partake (في of s.th.), share (في s.th.) IV to give a share (في ل to s.o. in), make s.o. (ل ) share s.th. (في )

سهم sahm pl. سهام sihām, اسهم ashum, سهوم suhūm arrow; dart; -- (pl. اسهم ashum) portion, share, lot; share (of stock); sahme, a square measure of 7.293 m2 (Eg.) | سهم ناري rocket; اسهم التأسيس founders' shares, original shares; اسهم القرض a. al-qarḍ bonds, government bonds; حملة الأسهم ḥ al-a. shareholders, stockholders; نفذ السهم the die is cast; ضرب بسهم مصيب في (muṣībin) to take an active part in, participate actively in ...; ضرب بسهم ونصيب في (wa-naṣībin) do.

سهوم suhūm graveness; sadness, mourning

اسهمي ashumī share-, stock- (in compounds)

مساهمة musāhama participation, taking part (في in), sharing (في of) | شركة المساهمة širkat al-m. joint-stock company, corporation

ساهم sāhim with earnest mien, gravefaced

مسمهم musāhim shareholder, stockholder

سها (سهو ) sahā u (sahw, suhūw) to be inattentive, absent-minded, distracted; to neglect, omit, forget, overlook (عن s.th.) | سهى عليه suhiya ‘alaihi to be lost in thought

سهو sahw inattentiveness, inattention, inadvertence, absent-mindedness distractedness; negligence, neglectfulness, forgetfulness | سهوا sahwan inattentively, distractedly, absent-mindedly, heedlessly, negligently; inadvertently, by mistake

سهوة sahwa a kind of alcove

سهوان sahwān2 inattentive, heedless, distracted, absent-minded, forgetful

ساه sāhin inattentive, absent-minded, negligent, forgetful | ساهيا لاهيا sāhiyan lāhiyan amusing o.s. in a carefree manner, completely at ease2 ساء (سوء ) sā’a u (سوء sau’) to be or become bad, evil, foul, wicked; to become worse, deteriorate (condition); to grieve, sadden, afflict, hurt, vex, torment, trouble, offend, pain, make sorry, displease (ه s.o.) | ساء سبيلا (sabīlan) what an evil way (= what an evil practice) this is! ساء به ظنا (ẓannan) to think badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o.; ساء طالعه (ṭāli‘uhū) he was under an evil star, was ill-starred, he was unlucky or unfortunate; يسوءني yasū’unī I am sorry II to do badly, spoil, harm (هـ s.th.); to blame, censure (هـ على s.o. for s.th.); to disapprove (هـ of s.th. على in s.o.), dislike (على هـ s.th. in s.o.) IV to do badly, spoil, harm (هـ s.th.); to deal badly (الى with s.o.), act meanly or evilly (الى toward s.o.); to do evil (الى to s.o.), wrong (الى s.o.); to harm (الى s.o.), do harm (الى to); to hurt, offend, insult (الى s.o.); to inflict pain (الى on s.o.) | اساء التصرف (taṣarrufa) to misbehave, comport o.s. badly; اساء التصرف في to go about in an evil manner; اساء الظن به (ẓanna) to think badly of s.o., have a poor opinion of s.o.; اساء التعبير to choose a poor expression, express o.s. poorly; اساء استعماله to misuse, abuse s.th.; اساء معاملته (mu‘āmalatahū) to mistreat s.o., treat s.o. badly; اساء الفهم (fahma) to misunderstand VIII to go through rugged times, fall on evil days; to be unpleasantly affected; to be offended, hurt, annoyed, indignant, upset, angered, displeased (من about, at, by); to be dissatisfied, discontent (من with); to take amiss (من s.th.)

سوء sū’ pl. اسواء aswā’ evil, ill; iniquity, injury, offense; calamity, misfortune | سوء البخت s. al-bakt misfortune, bed luck; سوء الحظ s. al-ḥaẓẓ do.; لسوء الحظ unfortunately; سوء الخلق s. al-kuluq ill nature, ill-temperedness; سوء الحال bad conditions; سوء الحالة bad situation, predicament; سوء الادارة s. al-idāra mal-administration, mismanagement; سوء السلوك bed behavior, misbehavior, misconduct; سوء الظن s. aẓ-ẓann poor opinion; سوء العلاقات bad relations; سوء المعاملة s. al-mu‘āmala mistreatment; سوء الاستعمال abuse, misuse; سوء الفهم s. al-fahm misunderstanding; سوء التفاهم s. at-tafāhum mutual misunderstanding, disharmony, discord; سوء القصد s. al-qaṣd evil intent; سوء النية s. an-nīya do.; سوء الهضم s. al-haḍm indigestion

سوأة , سوءة sau’a pl. -āt shame, disgrace; disgraceful act, atrocity; private part, pudendum; pudenda | سوءة لك (sau’atan) shame on you!

سيئ , سيء sayyi’ bad, evil, ill, foul | سيء الحظ s. al-ḥaẓẓ unfortunate; unlucky person; سيء الخلق s. al-kuluq ill-natured; سيء التربية s. at-tarbiya bad-mannered, badly brought up; سيء السمعة s. as-sum‘a ill-reputed, disreputable; سيء الطبع s. aṭ-ṭab‘ ill-natured, ill-tempered; سيء الطالع unlucky, unfortunate; unlucky person; من سيء الى اسوأ (aswa’a) from bed to worse

سيئة sayyi’a pl. -āt sin, offense, misdeed; bed side, disadvantage (of s.th.)

مساءة masā’a pl. مساوئ masāwi’ 2 evil deed, vile action; pl. disadvantages, bad sides, drawbacks, shortcomings

اساءة isā’a misdeed; offense, affront, insult; sin, offeence | اساءة الظن i. ẓann poor opinion (ب of); اساءة المعاملة i. al-mu’āmala mistreatment, etc., see IV above

استياء istiyā’ dissatisfaction, discontent, indignation, displeasure, annoyance, vexation

مسيء musī’ displeasing, unpleasant, offensive; harmful, disadvantageous, pernicious; insulting

مستاء mustā’ offended, displeased, annoyed, vexed, indignant (من about, at, by); dissatisfied, discontent (من with)

2 سواء see سوى

سوارى sawārī horseman, cavalryman, sowar; horsemen, cavalry

سوتيان (Fr. soutien) sūtiyān pl. -āt brassiere

سوتيه (Fr. sauté) sōtēh sautéed

1 ساج look up alphabetically

2 اسوجة see سياج

(سوح) ساح sāḥa u to travel, rove, roam about

ساحة sāḥa pl. -āt, ساح courtyard, open square; (open) space; arena; field (fig.) | ساحة الحرب s. al-ḥarb theater of war; ساحات المحاكم courts, tribunals; ساحة القتال battle field, war zone; ساحة القضاء s. al-qaḍā’ tribunal, forum; ساحة الألعاب athletic field, sports field; برأ ساحته barra’a sāḥatahū to acquit s.o.

سواح sawwāḥ pl. -ūn, traveler, tourist

سائح sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, سياح suyyāḥ, سواح suwwāḥ traveler, tourist; itinerant dervish; anchorite (Chr.)

ساخ (سوخ ) sāka u (سوخ sauk) to be or become doughy, soft, slippery (esp. ground), yield like mud; to sink (في الأرض in the ground, of the foot) | ساخت روحه (rūḥuhū) to become faint, swoon

1 سود II to make black, blacken (هـ s.th.); to draft (هـ a letter, etc.), make a rough draft (هـ of s.th.); to cover with writing (هـ sheets), scribble (هـ on sheets) | سود وجهه (wajhahū) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into disrepute, discredit, disgrace, dishonor s.o. IX to be or become black

سواد sawād black color, black, blackness; (pl. اسودة aswida) black clothing, mourning; arable land, tilth; shape, form; inner part, core; majority; multitude | السواد or سواد العراق the rural areas of Iraq; السواد الأعظم the great mass, the great majority, the largest part; سواد الناس the common people, the masses; سواد العين s. al-‘ain eyeball; سواد المدينة suburb, outskirts of the city; سواد الليل s. al-lail the long, dark night

اسود aswad2, f. سوداء saudā’2, pl. سود sūd black; dark-colored; -- اسود aswad2 pl. سودان sūdān a black, Negro | (بلاد) السودان the Sudan; شتائم سوداء severest reproaches; اسود فاحم coal-black, jet-black

سود saudā’2 black bile (one of the four humors of ancient medicine); melancholy, sadness, gloom

سويداء suwaidā’2 black bile (one of the four humors of ancient medicine); melancholy, sadness, gloom; السويداء Suweida (capital of the Jebel ed Druz) | سويداء القلب s. al-qalb the deepest folds of the heart, the inmost

سوداوي saudāwī melancholic, depressed, dejected

(بلاد) السودان (bilād) as-sūdān the Sudan

سوداني sūdānī Sudanese; (pl. -ūn) a Sudanese

تسويد taswīd rough draft

مسودة musawwada, muswadda draft, rough copy, rough sketch, notes; day-book | مسودة الطبع m. aṭ-ṭab‘ proof sheet, galley proof

2 ساد (سود ) sāda u (سيادة siyāda, سؤدد su’dud, su’dad) to be or become master, head, chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord (هـ, ه of or over people, of or over s.th.), rule, govern (هـ , s.o., s.th.), reign (هـ, ه over); to prevail (e.g., view), reign (e.g., calm); to be predominant, predominate, have the upperhand (على over) II to make (ه s.o.) master, head, chief, chieftain, sovereign, lord, overlord

سيد sayyid pl. اسياد asyād, سادة sāda, سادات sādāt master; gentleman; Mister; Sir; lord, overlord; chief, chieftain; title of Mohammed’s direct descendants | سيدي (sayyidī, colloq. sīdī) honorific before the names of Muslim Saints (esp. magr.); السيد فلان Mr. So-and-So; سيدي فلان (magr.) do.; سيد البحار الأعظم Supreme Commander of the Navy (Eg. 1939)

سيدة sayyida pl. -āt mistress; lady; Mrs. | السيدة عقيلته (‘aqīlatuhū) his wife; السيدة فلانة Mrs. So-and-So

سيادة siyāda command, mastery; domination, rule, dominion; supremacy; sovereignty; title and form of address of bishops (Chr.); siyādāt (with foll. genit.) nowadays, in Egypt, general title of respect preceding the name, سيادتكم = you, a respectful address introduced after the abolition of titles of rank and social class in Egypt | سيادة المطران s. al-muṭrān His Eminence the Metropolitan; سيادة الرئيس approx.: His Excellency the President (Eg.); دولة ذات سيادة (daula) sovereign state

سؤدد su’dud, su’dad dominion, domination, rule, reign, power, sovereignty

سائد sā’id prevailing (opinion, feeling, mood, calm, etc.)

3 السويد , سويدي look up alphabetically

4 سادة look up alphabetically and under2 سود

سودن saudana to Sudanize (Eg.)

سودنة saudana Sudanization (Eg.)

1 سور II to enclose, fence in, wall in, surround with a railing or wall (هـ s.th.) III to leap (ه at s.o.), beset, assail, attack, assault (ه s.o.); to befall, overcome, grip (ه s.o., emotion) V to scale (هـ a wall, a cliff, etc.)

سور sūr pl. اسوار aswār wall; enclosure, fence, railing

سورة sūra pl. سور suwar chapter of the Koran, sura

سورة saura vehemence, force, violence; severity (of cold)

2 سوار siwār, suwār pl. سور sūr, اسورة aswira, اساور asāwir2, اساورة asāwira bracelet, armlet, bangle; armband; cuff, wristband

3 سواري look up alphabetically

4 اسوار look up alphabetically

5 سوري sūrī Syrian; (pl. -ūn) a Syrian

6 سوريا sūriyā Syria | سوريا الجنوبية (janūbīya) Palestine; سوريا الصغرى (ṣugrā) do.; سوريا الكبرى (kubrā) (Greater) Syria

7 سورية sūrīya2 = سوريا

(1 ساس (سوس sāsa u (سياسة siyāsa) to dominate, govern, rule (ه s.o.): to lead, guide, conduct, direct (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to administer, manage, regulate (هـ s.th.); -- sawisa yaswasu to be or become worm-eaten; to become carious (tooth); to rot, decay (bones) II and V = sawisa

سوس sūs (coll.: n. un. ة ) pl. سيسان sīsān woodworm, borer; mothworm

سوس sūs licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra; bot.) | عرق سوس ‘irq s. licorice root; رب سوس rubb as-s. licorice rob, thickened licorice juice

سياسة siyāsa pl. -āt administration, management: p;olicy; سياسة siyāsatan for reasons of expediency (Isl. Law) | السياسة الدولية (duwalīya) diplomacy; السياسة العملية (‘amalīya) practical policy, Real-politik; O سياسة التوسع s. at-tawassu‘ policy of expansion

سياسي siyāsī political; diplomatic; -- (pl. -ūn, ساسة sāsa) politician; diplomat, statesman | الدوائر السياسية political circles; السلك السياسي (silk) diplomatic corps; علم الاقتصاد السياسي (‘ilm al-iqtiṣād) political science, political economy

تسوس tasawwus (dental) caries

سائس sā’is pl. ساسة sāsa, سواس suwwās, سياس suyyās stableman, groom; driver (primarily of animals); manager, leader

2 السويس as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) | قنال السويس qanāl as-s. Suez Canal

3 سواسية see سوى

سوسته susta zipper (eg.)

سوسن sausan, sūsan lily of the valley (bot.)

ساط (سوط ) sāṭa u (sauṭ) to whip, flog, lash, scourge (ه s.o.)

سوط sauṭ pl. اسواط aswāṭ, سياط siyāṭ whip, lash, scourge

مسوط miswaṭ stick or similar implement used for stirring

ساعة sā‘a pl. -āt, ساع sā‘ (short) time, while; hour; timepiece, clock, watch; الساعة the Hour of Resurrection; as-sā‘ata now, at present, by this time, at this moment, in this instant; at once, instantly, immediately, just | بين ساعة واخرى (wa-ukrā) from hour to hour; حتى الساعة until now; من الساعة from now on, henceforth; من ساعته immediately, presently, instantly, at once; منذ الساعة from now on, henceforth; مات لساعته he died instantly; ساعة الجيب s. al-jaib pocket watch; ساعة رملية (ramlīya) hourglass; ساعة شمسية (šamsīya) sundial; ابن ساعته ibn sā‘atihī transitory, ephemeral

ساعتئذ sā‘ata’idin in that hour

ساعاتي sā‘ātī pl. -ya watchmaker

سويعة suwai‘a pl. -āt little hour, little while

ساغ (سوغ ) sāga u (saug, مساغ masāg) to be easy to swallow, go down pleasantly (drink, food); to be permissible, be permitted, allowed (ل to s.o.); to swallow (هـ s.th.); to permit, allow, accept, tolerate (هـ s.th.), put up (هـ with s.th.), swallow, stomach s.th. (هـ , fig.) II to make permissible, permit, allow (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.), admit (هـ s.th.); to justify, warrant (ب هـ s.th. with); to lease, let (هـ s.th.) IV to wash down, swallow easily (هـ s.th.); (fig.:) to take, swallow, stomach (هـ s.th.), stand for s.th. (هـ ), put up with s.th. (هـ ) V to lease (هـ s.th.), take a lease (هـ of s.th.) X to regard as easy to swallow, find pleasant (هـ s.th.); to taste, enjoy, relish (هـ s.th.); to approve (هـ of s.th.), admit, grant (هـ s.th.), deem (هـ s.th.) proper

مساغ masāg easy access; possibility; permission | لم يستطع مساغا ل (yastaṭi‘) he couldn’t put up with ..., couldn’t reconcile himself to ..., couldn’t swallow ...; لا مساغ للشك (masāga, šakk) one cannot possibly doubt it

تسويغ taswīg hiring out on lease, leasing | قانون القرض والتسويغ (qarḍ) Lease Act (pol., Tun.)

سائغ sā’ig easy to swallow; tasty, palatable; permissible, permitted, allowed

مسوغ musawwig pl. -āt justifying factor, justification, good reason

مستساغ mustasāg easy to swallow; tasty, palatable

سوف II to put off (ه s.o.); to postpone, draw out, delay, procrastinate (هـ s.th.)

سوف saufa (abbreviated form سـ sa) particle of future tense, e.g., سوف ترى (tarā) you will see

مسافة masāfa pl. -āt, مساوف masāwif2 distance, interval, stretch; (mus.) interval | على مسافة at some distance

تسويف taswīf pl. -āt procrastination, postponement, delay, deferment

تسويفي taswīfī dilatory, delaying, procrastinating

سوفسطائي sūfisṭā’ī sophistic

سوفيات suyāt, سوفييت sovyēt Soviet

سوفياتي sufyātī, سوفيتي, سوفييتي sovyētī soviet (adj.) | الاتحاد السوفياتي (ittiḥād) the Soviet Union

ساق (سوق ) sāqa u (sauq, سياقة siyāqa, مساق masāq) to drive, urge on, herd (هـ, ه prisoners, cattle); to draft, conscript (للجندية li-l-jundīya for military service); to drive (هـ an automobile); to pilot (هـ an airplane); to carry along, convey, transport (هـ s.th.); to send, dispatch, forward, convey, hand over (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to utter (هـ s.th.); to cite, quote, propound, put forth (هـ s.th.) | ساق مساقه (masāqahū) to follow the example or path of s.o.; ساق الحديث to carry on the conversation; ساق الحديث اليه to address s.o.; اليك يساق الحديث (yusāqu) you are the one that is meant II to market, sell (هـ merchandise) III to accompany (ه s.o.); to go along, agree (ه with s.o.) V to trade in the market, sell and buy in the market VI to draw out; to form a sequence, be successive, be continuous, be coherent; to harmonize VII to drift; to be driven; to be carried away, be given over | انساق به الى to carry s.o. away to ..., drive or urge s.o. to VIII to drive, urge on, herd (هـ cattle)

سوق sauq driving (of a car); draft, conscription (للجندية li-l-jundīya for military service); mobilization (of troops, also of forces, energies, etc.) | اجازة السوق ijāzat as-s. driving license

O سوقية sauqīya strategy

ساق sāqa f., pl. سوق sūq, سيقان sīqān shank; thigh; leg (also geom.); side (geom.); trunk (of a tree); stem, stalk (of plants) | ساق الحمام s. al-ḥamām bugloss (Anchusa officinalis; bot.); ربطة الساق rabṭat as-s. garter; وسام ربطة الساق Order of the Garter; عظم الساق ‘aẓm as-s. shinbone, tibia; متساوي الساقين mutasāwī s-sāqain isosceles (geom.); قامت الحرب على ساق (ḥarbu) the war was or became violent, flared up; war broke out; كشفت الحرب عن ساقها (kašafat) do.; كشف الأمر عن ساقه the matter became difficult; وقف على ساق الجد ل (s. il-jidd) to turn one’s zeal to, apply o.s. to, exert o.s., make efforts in order to ; على قدم وساق (qadam) in full swing, carried on most energetically (undertaking, preparations, etc.); ارسل ساقه للريح arsala sāqahū li-r-rīḥ to speed along like the wind

ساقة sāqa rear guard, arrière-garde

سوق sūq mostly f., pl. اسواق aswāq bazaar street; market; O fair | سوق البر والاحسان s. al-birr wa-l-iḥsān charity bazaar; السوق الحرة (ḥurra) the free market; سوق الاحسان charity bazaar; سوق خيرية (kairīya) do.; السوق الأسود ((aswad) the black market; السوق المشترك (muštarak) the Common Market; سوق النقد s. an-naqd money market (stook exchange); اسواق المحصولات produce markets; سوق عقود القطن s. ‘uqūd al-quṯn cotton exchange

سوقة sūqa subjects; rabble, mob

سوقي sūqī plebeian, common, vulgar

سويق sawīq a kind of mush made of wheat or barley (also with sugar and dates)

سويق suwaiq and سويقة suwaiqa stem, stalk (of plants)

سويقة suwaiqa small market

سياق siyāq succession, sequence, course, thread (of conversation); context

سواق siwāq pl. -ūn driver (of animals); driver, chauffeur; (railroad) engineer

مساق masāq trend of things, course, development, or progress, of s.th.; مساقة الى it amounts to ..., comes to …, winds up in …, is ultimately aimed at …; also see ساق sāqa above | مساق من الدراسات course of studies; افضى بنا المساق الى we have come to the point where ...

تسويق taswīq marketing, sale (of merchandise)

تسويقة taswīqa (eg.) bargain, advantageous purchase

تساوق tasāwuq coherence, interrelation, connection, context; harmony

سائق sa’iq driving; driving force; -- pl. -ūn sāqa) driver (of animals); chauffeur, driver; (aircraft) pilot

مسوقر musauqar (tun.) = مسوكر musaukar

ساك (سوك ) sāka u (sauk) to rub, scrub, scour (هـ s.th.) II to clean and polish, brush, clean (الاسنان the teeth)

سواك siwāk pl. سوك sūk a small stick (the tip of which is softened by chewing or beating) used for cleaning and polishing the teeth

مسواك miswāk pl. مساويك masāwīk2 = سواك

سوكر saukara to insure (هـ goods, etc.); to register (هـ a letter)

سوكر musaukar insured; registered (letter)

1 سول II to talk or argue s.o. (ل ) into s.th. evil or fateful (هـ ); to entice, seduce (ل s.o., said of the Devil) | سولب له نفسه (nafsuhū) he let himself be seduced (هـ to)

2 تسول tasawwala (for تساءل tasā’ala) to beg

تسول tasawwul begging, beggary

متسول mutasawwil pl. -ūn beggar

1 سام (سوم ) sāma u (saum) to offer for sale (هـ a commodity); to impose (هـ ه upon s.o. a punishment or task), force (هـ ه upon s.o. a difficult task); to demand of s.o. (ه ) s.th. (هـ ) beyond his power | سامه خسفا (kasfan) to treat s.o. unjustly, wrong s.o.; to humiliate s.o.; -- (سيامة siyāma) to ordain, consecrate (a priest, a bishop, etc.; Chr.) II to impose, force (ه هـ upon s.o. a difficult task), coerce (ه هـ s.o. to s.th. difficult); to demand of s.o. (ه ) s.th. (هـ ) beyond his power; to assess estimate (هـ the value of an object); to mark, provide with a mark (هـ s.th.) ill to bargain, haggle, chaffer over a price (ه with s.o.); to bargain, haggle (في or على, ب with s.o. over) IV to let (هـ cattle) graze freely; to let (هـ the eye) wander VI to bargain, haggle (في over, for) VID to bargain, haggle, chaffer ( or في, على over, for)

مساومة musāwama pl. -āt bargaining, haggling

سائمة sā’ima pl. سوائم sawā’im2 freely grazing livestock

2 سام , سامي look up alphabetically

3 مسام , مسامات see2 سم

سومر sūmir Sumer

سومطرة sūmaṭra Sumatra

اسوان look up alphabetically

سوهج sōhag Sohag (city in central Egypt, on the Nile)

سوي sawiya a to be equivalent, be equal (هـ to s.th.), equal (هـ s.th.) II to even, level, nivellate, flatten, straighten (هـ s.th.); to smooth (هـ s.th.); to smooth down (هـ s.th., e.g., folds, wrinkles; من ثيابه one’s clothes); to equalize, make equal (ب هـ s.th. to s.th. else), put (هـ s.th.) on the same level (ب with s.th.); سوى بينهما to put two persons on an equal footing, treat two persons as equals, reconcile two persons; to make regular, make good (هـ s.th.); to cook properly (هـ s.th.); to regulate, arrange, make up, smooth over, settle, put in order (هـ a dispute, a controversy, etc.) | سوى اخدعه to crush s.o.’s pride III to be equivalent, be equal (هـ to s.th.), equal (هـ s.th.); to be worth (هـ s.th.); to equalize, make equal (ب هـ s.th. to s.th. else), put (هـ s.th.) on the same level (ب with); to establish equality (بين -- وبين between -- and); ساوى بينهم to make them equals, equalize them, put them on the same footing; to regulate, arrange, make up, smooth over, settle, put in order (هـ a dispute, a controversy, etc.); ساوى بينهما = سوى بينهما (sawwā) VI to be equal or similar; to be balanced, keep the balance VIII to be even, regular, equal; to be equivalent (هـ to); to be on the same level; to be or become straight, even, level; to stand upright, erect, straight; to straighten up; to sit down (على on), mount (على s.th.); to sit firmly (على on an animal); to be properly cooked, be well done; to ripen, mature, be or become ripe

سوى siwan, suwan equality, sameness; (with foll. genit. or suffix) other than, except | على حد سوي (ḥaddin) equal(ly), indiscriminate(ly), alike, the same; فضله على سواه faḍḍalahū ‘alā siwāhu he preferred him to everybody else; لا -- سوى, ليس -- سوى only, nothing but

سواء sawā’ equal; equality, sameness; sawā’a except | سواء لديه كل شيء (ladaihi) it is all the same to him, he is indifferent to everything; سواء بسواء (sawā’an) equally, indiscriminately, without distinction; together; على السواء likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly, indiscriminately, without distinction; all the same, making no difference; سواء على it doesn’t make any difference for ...; سواء – ام (او ) (sawā’an) regardless whether -- or ..., no matter whether -- or ..., be it that - or ..., سواء -- ام do.; تلاميذ سقراط سواء منهم الأثينيون وغير الأثينيين the disciples of Socrates, both Athenians and non-Athenians; سواء السبيل (المحجة ) (Muhammaḍajja) the straight, right path

سوي sawīy pl. اسوياء aswiyā’ straight; right, correct, proper; unimpaired, intact, sound; straight-bodied, straight-shaped, of regular build or growth; even, regular, well-proportioned, shapely, harmonious; سويا sawīyan in common, jointly, together

سوية sawīya pl. سوايا sawāyā equality; sawīyatan together, jointly

سي siyy (for m. and f.) pl. اسواء aswā’ equal, similar, (a)like | هما سيان they are alike, are the same; هما سيان عندي they are both the same to me

لا سيما lā sīyamā especially, in particular, mainly

سواسية sawāsiya (pl.) equal, alike | هم (هن) سواسية they are equals

تسوية taswiya leveling, nivellation; settlement, arrangement, adjustment (of controversies, etc.); equalization; settlement (of a bill) | تحت التسوية outstanding, unsettled, āunpaid (com.)

مساواة musāwāh equality, equivalence; equal rights, equality before the law; settlement, composition (com.)

تساو tasāwin equality, equivalence, sameness; equal rights, equality before the law |على التساوي or بالتساوي likewise, in like manner, equally, evenly, regularly

استواء istiwā’ straightness; evenness, levelness; equality, regularity, steadiness |خط الاستواء kaṭṭ al-ist. equator

استوائي istiwā’ī equatorial, tropical | المنطقة الاستوائية (minṭaqa) or المناطق الاستوائية the tropics

مساو musāwin equal, equivalent, similar

متساو mutasāwin equal, similar, (a)like; even, equable, equally strong; of equal weight, equipoised, equiponderant |متساوى الأبعاد equidistant; متساوى الزوايا m. z-zawāyā equiangular (geom.); متساوى الساقين m. s-sāqain isosceles (geom.); متساوى الاضلاع equilateral (geom.)

مستو mustawin straight, upright, erect; even, smooth, regular; well done (cooking); ripe, mature

مستوى mustawan level, niveau, standard | مستوى الماء water level; المستوى العلمي (‘ilmī) scientific level; مستوى الحياة m. l-ḥayāh standard of living; في مستوى (with foll. genit.) on an equal level or footing with ...

السويد (Fr. la Suède) as-suwīd Sweden

سويدي suwīdī Swede; Swedish

السويس as-suwēs Suez (seaport in NE Egypt) |قناة (قنال) السويس (qanāt, qanāl) Suez Canal

سويسرا (It. Svizzera) swiserā Switzerland

سويسري swiserī Swiss

1 سية siya pl. -āt curved part of a bow

2 سي sī short form of سيد sayyid, سيدي Mr., Sir (esp. magr.)

3 سي siyy, سيان see سوي

سيام siyām Siam, Thailand

سيان siyān cyanogen

ساب (سيب ) sāba i (saib) to flow, stream, run (water); to run along, speed along, glide along, creep along, crawl along; to walk fast, hurry; (eg.) to leave, give up, relinquish (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to neglect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to release, let go, free (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II to leave, give up, relinquish (هـ s.th.); to neglect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to release, let go, free (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VII to flow, stream, run (water); to pour, flow (الى into), enter (الى s.th.); to peter out, seep away, exhaust itself; to speed along, glide along, run along, crawl or creep (along); to glide, slip (بين between); to walk fast, hurry; with foll. imperf.: to begin at once to do s.th.

انسيابي insiyābī, انسيابي الشكل ins. Š-šakl stream-lined

سائب sā’ib forlorn, lost, (a)stray; free, loose, lax, unrestrained

سيبيريا sībīriyā Siberia

1 سيج II to fence in, hedge in, surround with a hedge (هـ s.th.) V pass. of II

سياج siyāj pl. -āt, اسوجة aswija, اسياج asyāj; hedge; fencing, fence; enclosure; (fig.) bulwark, shield (of a country, of a nation)

2 ساج look up alphabetically

سيجار sīgār cigar (eg.)

سيجارة sīgāra pl. -āt, سجاير sagāyir, سجائر sagā’ir2 cigarette (eg.)

ساح (سيح ) sāḥa i (saiḥ, سيحان sayaḥān) to flow, run (water); to melt, thaw, dissolve, become liquid (snow, metal); --(saiḥ, سياحة siyāḥa) to travel, journey; to rove, roam about II to make flow, cause to flow (هـ a river, etc.); to melt, dissolve, liquefy, smelt, fuse (هـ metal, and the like); to melt, clarify (هـ butter) IV to make flow, cause to flow (هـ s.th.) VII to spread, pour forth

سياحة siyāḥa pl. -āt travel; tourism

سياح sayyāḥ pl. -ūn traveler; tourist

سائح sā’iḥ pl. -ūn, سياح suyyāḥ, suwwāḥ) traveler; tourist; itinerant dervish; anchorite (Chr.)

مسيخ musayyak fluid, liquid; striped (garment)

1 ساخ (سيخ ) sāka i (سيخ saik, سيخان sayakān) to sink into the ground or mud

2 سيخ sīk pl. اسياخ asyāk spit, skewer; foil, rapier; iron prong or bolt

سيد , سيادة see2 سود

سيدارة sīdāra pl. -āt (see سدارة ) an Iraqi headgear, commonly of black velvet; overseas cap

سار (سير ) sāra i (سير sair, سيرورة sairūra, مسير masīr, مسيرة masīra, تساير tasāyara) to move (on), set out, strike out, start, get going; to move along; to march; to travel, journey; to ride (in a vehicle); to go, go away, leave, depart; to run, operate (بين -- و between -- and, of a train); to flow (electric current); to run, be in operation, function, work, go (machine); to progress (e.g., work); to make (الى for s.th.), be headed (الى for s.th.), approach (الى s.th.), be directed, be oriented (الى toward s.th.); to circulate, make the rounds, be or become current (proverb); to follow, maintain (سيرا sairan a behavior, على s.th.); to behave, conduct o.s.; to proceed, act (على or بمقتضى bi-muqtaḍā according to) | سار به to lead s.o., lead s.o. away; سار وراءه to (allow, pursue s.o.; سار جيئة وذهابا (jī’atan wa-dihāban) to walk up and down, go back and forth; سار في سبيل التحسن (s. it-taḥassun) to be on the road to recovery; الخطة التى سار فيها (kiṭṭa) the course he followed; سار سيرة حسنة (sīratan ḥasanatan) to behave well; سار على قدميه (qadamaihi) not to be dead and forgotten, be still much alive, be a tangible reality II to set in motion, drive (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th., e.g., an automobile) go; to start, start up, let run (هـ a machine); to go in (هـ for a task), run, carry on, ply, practice (هـ a trade); to drive (هـ a car), pilot, steer (هـ s.th.); to send, dispatch, send out (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to circulate, put in circulation (هـ s.th.); to stripe (هـ a garment, etc.) III to keep up, go along (ه with s.o.); to walk at s.o.’s (ه ) side; to pursue (هـ s.th.); to show o.s. willing to please (ه s.o.), comply (ه with s.o.’s wish); to be in agreement, be consistent (هـ with s.th.); to be familiar, intimate, be hand in glove, get along (ه with s.o.); to adapt o.s. (هـ to circumstances, events, etc.) IV to set in motion, drive (هـ s.th.); to send, dispatch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

سير sair trip, tour, travel, journey, walk, errand, march, procession; movement, motion; departure; course, progress (of an undertaking); procedure, practice, conduct, behavior; (way of) life; observance, pursuance (على of s.th.) | حسن السير والسلوك (husk as-s.) blameless life; في السير وراء غرضه (garaḍihī) in pursuance of his intention

سير sair pl. سيور suyūr (leather) belt; girth; drive belt, transmission belt | سير متحرك (mutaḥarrik) conveyor belt, assembly line

سيرة saira gait; course

سيرة sīra pl. سير siyar conduct, comportment, demeanor, behavior, way of life; attitude, position, reaction, way of acting; (in sg. or pl.) biography, history; pl. campaigns; السيرة the biography of Mohammed

سيار sayyār traveling frequently, always on the move, continually moving; itinerant, roving, roaming about; circulating; planet |صحف سيارة (suḥuf) or جرائد سيارة daily newspapers, dailies

سيارة sayyāra pl. -āt automobile, car | سيارة الأجرة s. al-ujra taxi cab; سيارة مدرعة (mudarra‘a) armored car; سيارة دورية (daurīya) patrol car; سيارة الإسعاف s. al-is‘āf ambulance; سيارة مصفحة (muṣaffaḥa) armored car; سيارة النقل s. an-naql truck, lorry; سائق السيارة (automobile) driver, chauffeur

مسار masār pl. -āt path (of rays, etc.)

مسير masīr travel, journey, tour; march (mil.); departure; distance

مسيرة masīra travel, journey, tour; departure; distance

تسيير tasyīr dispatch, sending out; propulsion, drive (techn.) |التسيير النفاثي (naffātī) jet propulsion

مسايرة musāyara adaptation, adjustment

سائر sā’ir going, walking, running; walker, wayfarer, wanderer; generally known, current (proverb); see also سئر |خدمة سائرة (kidma) transient laborers, seasonal laborers (eg.)

مسير musayyar directed, controlled (ب by); guided, remote-controlled; not endowed with free will (philos., as opposed to مخير mukayyar)

سيراس sīrās (syr.) glue made of the yellow powder of a pulverized root, used esp. for pasting leather

سيرافيم sīrāfīm seraphim

سيرج sīraj sesame oil

سيرك (Fr. cirque) sirk circus

سيسبان saisabān sesban (an indigenous Egyptian shrub whose leaves have a purgative effect, Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.; bot.)

سيسى sīsī pl. سيسيات sīsīyāt, سياسي sayāsī (eg.) pony; young rat

سيطر saiṭara to command, dominate, control (على s.th.); to be master or lord (على over s.th.), reign, gain power (على over s.th.); to seize (على s.th.), take hold (على of s.th.) II tasaiṭara = سيطر

سيطرة saiṭara rule, dominion, domination, command, supremacy, power, authority (على over); decisive influence (على on); control (على over)

مسيطر musaiṭir ruler, sovereign, overlord

سيف saif pl. سيوف suyūf, اسياف asyāf, اسيف asyuf sword; sabre, foil, rapier |سيف الإسلام s. al-islām title of princes of the royal house of Yemen

سيف sīf pl. اسياف asyāf shore, coast

سياف sayyāf executioner

مسايفة musāyafa fencing (with saber or foil)

سيقارة = سيكارة

سيكارة sigāra pl. سكائر sagā’ir 2 cigarette (syr.)

سيكران saikurān, saikarān henbane (Hyoscyamus niger; bot.)

سيكورتاه (It. sicurtà) sikurtāh insurance |سيكورتاه الحريق (الحياة ) (ḥayā) fire (life) insurance

سيكولوجى sīkolōžī, saikolōjī psychologic(al)

1 سال (سيل ) sāla i (sail, سيلان sayalān) to flow, stream; to be or become liquid; to melt |سال لعابه على (lu’ābuhū) his mouth watered for II to make flow, cause to stream, liquefy, melt, dissolve (هـ s.th.) IV = II

سيل sail pl. سيول suyūl flood, inundation; torrent, torrential stream |سيل عرام (‘urām) huge mass, flood, stream; بلغ السيل الزبى (zubā) the matter has reached its climax, has come to a head

سيلة saila stream

سيولة suyūla liquid state, liquidity, flow(ing)

سيال sayyāl streaming, pouring, torrential; fluid, liquid; a liquid; stream; a fluid |قلم سيال (qalam) facile pen, fluent style

سيالة sayyāla rivulet; pocket

سيلان sayalān flowing, ftow; running; deliquescence, liquefaction; gonorrhea (med.); see also below

مسيل masīl pl. مسايل masāyil2 river bed, rivulet

سائل sā’il ftuid, liquid; (pl. سوائل sawā’il2) a liquid, a fluid |O علم السوائل ‘ilm as-s. hydraulics

سائلية sā’ilīya fluidity, liquid state of aggregation (phys.)

2 سيلان sayalān2 Ceylon;

3 سيلان sīlān garnet (precious stone)

1 سيم sīmā (pass.) and VII to be consecrated, be ordained (Chr.)

2 ولا سيما wa-lā siyyamā see سوى

3 سيماء see next entry

4 سيمى sīmā (سيما sīmā), سيماء sīmā’2, سيمة sīma pl. سيم siyam mark, sign, characteristic; mien, expression

5 سيميا sīmiyā, سيمياء sīmiyā’ natural magic

سين sīn name of the letter س

الاشعة السينية al-aši‘‘a as-sīnīya S rays

سينا sīnā and سيناء sīnā’ Sinai

سينما (Fr. cinéma) cinema, motion-picture theater | دور السينما dūr as.s. motionpicture theaters, movies; سينما صامتة (صامت ) silent film; سينما ناطقة (ناطق ) or سينما صائتة (صائت ) sound film, talkie

سينمائي sīnēmā’ī cinematographic, cinematic, cinema-, movie- (in compounds); motion-picture actor, film star |رواية سينمائية motion picture, film, movie

سينماتوغراف (Fr. cinématographe) sīnimatugrāf cinematograph

سينماسكوب (Fr. cinémascope) sīnimaskūb cinemascope

سينودس (Gr. σύυδος) sinōdos synod

ش

ش abbreviation of شارع šāri‘ street (St.)

شاء šā’ (coll.; n. un. شاة šāh) pl. شواة šiwāh, شياه šiyāh sheep; ewe

شؤبوب šu’būb pl. شآبيب ša’ābīb2 downpour, shower

شادر šādir, tent; storehouse, warehouse, magazine

شاذرون šādarūn fountain; a small water-driven gadget adorned with hells, and the like, resembling a mobile

شاروبيم šārūbīm cherubim

شاسي šāsī chassis

شأفة ša’fa root |استأصل شأفته ista’ṣala ša’fatahū to extirpate, root out, eradicate s.th., remove s.th. drastically

شاكوش šākūš and شكوش šakūš pl. شواكيش šawākīš hammer |ابو شاكوش hammerhead (shark)

شال šāl pl. شيلان šīlān shawl

شاليه (Fr. chalet) šālēh pl. -āt hunting cabin, .hooting lodge; beach cabin, cabana

شام VI to perceive an evil omen (من or ب in), regard as an evil portent (من or ب ب s.th.); to foretell calamity (من or ب from); to be superstitious; to he pessimistic X to perceive an evil omen (ب in), regard as an evil portent (ب s.th.); to foretell calamity (ب from)

الشام aš-ša’m, aš-šām the northern region, the North; Syria; Damascus |شاما ويمنا (yamanan) northward and southward

شامي šāmī Syrian; (pl. -ūn, شوام (šuwām) a Syrian

شآمي ša’āmī Syrian (adj. and n.)

شؤم šu’m calamity, bad luck, misfortune; evil omen, portent |لا تملأ الدنيا شؤما (tamla’, dunyā) (don’t fill the world with evil omen!) approx.: talk of the devil and he will appear!

اشأم aā’am2, f. شؤمى šu’mā inauspicious, ill-omened, ominous, portentous, sinister; calamitous, disastrous; unfortunate, fatal, accursed

تشائم tašā’um pessimism

مشؤوم maš’ūm and مشوم mašūm pl. مشائيم mašā’īm2 inauspicious, ill-omened,

ominous, sinister; unfortunate, unlucky |عدد مشؤوم (‘adad) unlucky number

متشائم mutašā’im pessimist

شأن ša’n pl. شؤون šu’ūn matter, affair, concern, business; circumstances, state of affaire, case; nature, character, quality, kind; situation, condition, state; significance; importance, consequence; standing, prestige, rank; cranial future; pl. شؤون tears; ša’na like, as |بشأن bi-ša’ni regarding, with regard or respect to, relating to, pertaining to, concerning, as to, about; جل شأنه (jalla) the Sublime (of God); وزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية Ministry of Social Affairs; الشؤون الخارجية (kārijīya)foreign affairs; ذو الشأن , f. ذات الشأن the responsible man, the man in charge, the man directly concerned with the matter; اولو الشأن ulū š-š. and ذوو الشأن dawū š-š. the influential people, the competent people; the concerned with the matter; شؤون الحياة š. al-ḥayāh worldly affairs; خطير الشأن of great importance; ذو شأن significant, important; رفيع الشأن high-ranking; (formerly, Tun.) title of members of the Bey’s family; صاحب الشأن the one concorned; اصحاب الشأن those concerned; the important, influential people; O مكلف بالشؤون (mukallaf) chargé d’affaires (dipl.); شأنه في ذلك شأن الـ (ša’nuhū … ša’nu l-...) in this matter he fares just as the …, he is, in this respect, in the same situation as the ...; رجل هذا شأنه (ša’nuhū) a man whose situation is this, a man who can be described as ..., a man in this situation; شأنك ša’naka or انت وشأن anta wa-ša’naka please your-self! do as you like! شأنك وما تريد (ša’naka) do as you please! just as you wish! دعني وشأني (da‘nī) let me alone! تركه وشأنه tarakahū wa-ša’nahū to let s.o. alone; to let s.o. go; not to pay any attention to s.o.; هو في شأن he is concerned with a matter; هذا شأنه that’s his affair; ما شأنك what’s the matter with you? what do you want? ما شأنك وهذا what have you got to do with this? what business of yours is this? ما شأنه والأمر (amra) what has he got to do with the matter? ما شأني في ذلك what have I got to do with that? what business of mine is that? اي شأن لك في هذا (ayyu ša’nin) what business of yours is this? what’s that to you? له شأن في ذلك he has s.th. to do with this, he has a hand in this; لا شأن له في ذلك (ša’na) he hasn’t anything to do with this, he has no part in this; ليس لي شأن في ذلك I shall have nothing to do with that, that is none of my business, I shan’t meddle in that; لا شأن لي في ذلك (ša’na) I haven’t anything to do with it, it's none of my business; لي معه شأن آخر (ākar) I still have a bone to pick with him; ذهب لبعض شأنه (li-ba‘ḍi ša’nihī) he attended to a task; he went to do s.th.; انصرف الى شأنه (inṣarafa) he left to do his work; اصلحت من شأنها (aṣlaḥat) she made herself up; اهمل شأنه ahmala ša’nahū he neglected him; ذلك شأنه that is his habit; هذا شأنه دائما he is always that way; شأنه في (ša’nahū) as he used to do in ...; شأنه مع من (ša’nahū) as he used to deal with people who ...; كان من شأنه it was his wont, he used to ...; من شأنه ان it is in his (its) nature that ..., he (it) tends to ...; it is his business to ...; ليس من شأنه ان it is not his affair or business to ...; it is inappropriate for him to ...; it does not tend to …; is not conducive to ...; ان لهذا الرجل شأنا (rajuli) there is a man to keep an eye on, this is an important man; there is s.th. about this

man! لله في خلقه شؤون (kalqihī) God has created all kinds of things (meaning: strange things can happen in this world!)

شانتاج (Fr. chantage) šantāž blackmail

شاه šāh shah; king (chess) | شاه بلوط (ballūṭ) chestnut tree (bot.); شاه مات checkmate (chess)

شاهاني šāhānī the shah’s, pertaining to the shah; imperial | ارادة شاهانية decree of the Sultan (in Ottoman times)

شاهين šāhīn pl. شواهين šawāhīn2 shahin, an Indian falcon (zool.) شآ (شأو ) šā’a u (شأو ša’w) to overtake in running, outrace (ه s.o.)

شأو ša’w highest point, summit, peak; goal, object | بعيد الشأو far-aiming, far-aspiring; very ambitious; بلغ في شأوه (ša’wihī) to get as far in s.th. as s.o. else, match s.o. in s.th.; بلغ شأوا بعيدا في الرقي (ruqīy) to undergo tremendous progress; بلغ الشأو البعيد to carry off the prize, hit the bull’s eye

شاورمة šāwarma, šāwirma (also شورمة ) charcoal-broiled mutton, out in thin slices and arranged conically on a vertical skewer (syr.)

شاوش šāwuš (tun.) pl. شواش šuwwāš sergeant; office boy, handy man; doorman, gate-keeper

شاويش šāwīš a military rank, approx.: staff sergeant (Eg.) | وكيل شاويش a military rank, approx.: sergeant (Eg.)

شاي šāy tea

شب šabba i (شباب šabāb, شبيبة šabība) to become a youth or young man, to adolesce, grow up; -- i u (شب šibāb, شبيب šabīb) to raise the forelegs as if about to jump; to rear; to prance (horse); -- i (شبوب šubūb) to burn, blaze (fire); to break out (fire, war); -- u (šabb, šubūb) to light, kindle (هـ fire) | شبت نيران الحرب (nīrān al-ḥarb) war broke out; شب عن الطوق (ṭauq) to be over the initial stages, with neg.: to be still in its infancy II to rhaplodize about a beloved woman (بها ) and one’s relationship to her, celebrate her in verse; to flirt (بها with a woman) V to rhaplodize about a beloved woman (بها ) end one’s relationship to her, celebrate her in verse; to compose love sonnets; to take fire, blaze up

شب šabb (= شاب šābb) youth, young man

شب šabb alum

شبة šabba (= šābba) young woman, girl

شبة šabba alum

شبب šabab fully grown (steer)

شباب šabāb youth, youthfulness; youths, young men, adolescents, juveniles | تجديد الشباب rejuvenation

شبابي šabābī youthful, juvenile

شبوب šubūb outbreak (of a war)

شبابة šabbāba reed flute

شبيبة šabība youth, youthfulness; الشبيبة the youth (coll.)

شاب šābb pl. شبان šubbān, شباب šabāb, شببة šababa youthful, juvenile, young; youth, young man

شابة šābba pl. -āt, شواب šawābb2, شبائب šabā’ib2 young woman, girl

مشبوب mašbūb lighted, kindled, ignited, flaming, burning; beautiful

شبت šibitt dill (هـ nethum graveolens; bot.)

1 شبث šabita a (šabat) and V to cling, cleave, hold fast, hang on, attach o.s. adhere (ب to)

شبث šabat pl. شبثان šibtān spider

شبث tašabbut tenacity; attachment, adherence, fidelity; stubbornness, obstinacy

متشبث mutašabbit tenacious; attached, adherent; stubborn, obstinate

2 شبث šibitt (هـ nethum graveolens; bot.)

شبح šabaḥ pl. شبوح šubūḥ, اشباح ašbāḥ blurred, indistinct shape; apparition; phantom; ghost, specter, spirit; nightmare; figure, person

1 شبر šabara u i (šibr) to measure (هـ s.th.) with the span of the hand II do.; to gesticulate, make gestures, to gesture

شبر šibr pl. اشبار ašbār span of the hand | شبرا فشبرا (fa-šibran) inch by inch; شبر من الأرض (arḍ) a foot of ground; قلده شبرا بشبر وذراعا بذراع (qalladahū) to imitate s.o. or s.th. religiously; to follow s.th. literally

2 شبور šabbūr pl. شبابير šabābīr2 trumpet

3 شبورة šabbūra and شابورة šābūra (eg.) fog, mist

شبرق šabraqa to tear to pieces, to shred (هـ s.th.)

شبرقة šabraqa pocket money

شبشب šibšib pl. شباشب šabāšib2 slipper

1 شبط šabaṭa to cling, cleave, hold on (في to)

2 شباط šubāṭ(2) February (Syr., Ir., Leb., Jord.)

3 شبوط šabbūṭ (syr.) large fish found in the Euphrates and Tigris rivers

شبع šabi‘a a (šab‘, šiba‘) to satisfy one’s appetite (من or هـ with s.th.), eat one’s fill (من or هـ of s.th.); to be or become sated, satisfied in one’s appetite; to be full (من or هـ of); to be or become fed up, surfeited (من with), be or become sick and tired (من of), have enough (من of) II to sate, satiate, fill (ب, هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with); to satisfy, gratify (هـ the appetite, one’s desires, the senses); to load, charge (هـ s.th., ب with electricity) IV to sate, satiate, fill (ه ب s.o. with); to satisfy, gratify (هـ the appetite, the senses); to saturate (هـ s.th., e.g., with a dye); to load, charge (هـ s.th., ب with electricity); to go in (هـ for s.th.) thoroughly; (gram.) to lengthen (هـ a vowel) by writing it plane; pass. ušbi‘a to be replete, full (ب with, of) | اشبع الكلام فيه (kalāma) to speak in great detail, at great length about s.th., describe or explain s.th. elaborately; اشبعه ضربا (ḍarban) to give s.o. a sound beating V to be sated, saturated (ب with); to be filled (ب with), be full (ب of); to be loaded or charged (ب with, el.)

شبع šab‘ sufficiency, satiety, satiation, saturation, repletion, fullness

شبع šib‘, šiba‘ s.th. that fills or satisfies the appetite, fill

شبع šaba‘ saturation (chem.)

شبعة šub‘a fill

شبعان šab‘ān f. شبعى šab‘ā, pl. شباعي šabā‘ā, شباع šibā‘ sated, satisfied, full; rich

اشباع išbā‘ satiation, saturation, repletion, filling; satisfaction, gratification

مشبع mušabba‘, mušba‘ satiated, saturated (ب with); replete, filled (ب with), full (ب of) | مشبع بالكهرباء (kahrabā’) electrically charged

2 شبق šabiqa a (šabaq) to be lewd, lecherous, lustful

شبق šabaq lewdness, lechery, licentiousness, lust

شبق šabiq lewd, lecherous, lustful, licentious

2 شبق šubuq chibouk

1 شبك šabaka i (šabk) to interjoin, intertwine, interlace, interweav., entangle (هـ s.th.); to fasten, tighten, attach (هـ s.th. or في to) II to interjoin, intertwine, interlace, interweave, entangle, complicate (بين or هـ s.th.); to crochet V to be interjoined, intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, entangled; to b. or become complicated, involved, intricate, confused VI to be intertwined, interlaced, interwoven, entangled; to be intermeshed, be interwoven like a net VIII to be or become interjoined, interlaced, interwoven, net-like, reticulate; to be intertwined (branches), be interlocked (hands); to be or become entangled, snarled; to get entangled, involved, ensnared, embroiled, implicated, mixed up (في in); to com. to blows or to gripe (ب or مع with s.o.); to be or become complicated, involved, intricate, confused (matter); to join, unite, combine, coalesce, merge, fuse (ب with); to meet (eyes, glances) | اشتبك في حديث to be drawn into a conversation, become engrossed in a discussion; اشتبك في حرب (ḥarb) to become involved in a war

شبكة šabaka pl. شبك šabak, شباك šibāk, شبوكات šubūkāt net; netting, network; snare; -- (pl. شباك šibāk) O grid (radio) شبكة شائكة barbed-wire entanglement, concertina; شبكة لاسلكية (lā-silkīya) radio network

شبكي šabakī reticulate, reticular, netted, net-like; retinal; of framework

شبكية šabakīya retina (anat.)

شباك šubbāk pl. شبابيك šabābīk2 netting, network; plaitwork; grid, grill; window; wicket (post office, box office, etc.) | شباك العرض š. al-‘arḍ show window, showcase, glass case

مشبك mišbak pl. مشابك mašābik2 hook; clasp, pin; hairpin, bobby pin | مشبك الورق m. al-waraq paper clip

تشابك tašābuk confusion, intricacy, obscurity, abstruseness

اشتباك ištibāk entanglement, involvement (في in); complication; hand-to-hand fight, scuffle, melee (مع with), clash (ب with) | عدم الااشتباك في القتال (‘adam al-išt.) nonintervention in battle

مشبك mušabbak plaited, resembling plaitwork; (pl. -āt) window (or door) adorned with plaited latticework

مشتبك muštabik entangled, involved, complicated, intricate

مشتبك muštabak plaitwork; thicket (of branches)

2 شبك šubuk chibouk

3 شوبك look up alphabetically

شبل IV to take care (على of s.o.), look (على after s.o.), take s.o. (على ) in hand

شبل šibl pl. اشبال ašbāl lion cub

شبين šabīn, šibin pl. شباين šabāyin2 godfather, sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman (Chr.)

شبينة šabīna, šibīna pl. -āt godmother, sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)

اشبين išbīn pl. اشابين ašābīn2 godfather, sponsor (Chr.); best man, groomsman (Chr.)

اشبينة išbīna godmother, sponsor (Chr.); bridesmaid (Chr.)

شبه II to make equal or similar (ب or هـ هـ s.th. to s.th. else); to compare (ب هـ s.th. with), liken (ب هـ s.th. to); pass. šubbiha to be doubtful, dubious, uncertain, obscure (على to s.o.) III to resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), bear a resemblance, be similar (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), look (exactly) like s.o. (ه) | وما شابه ذلك and the like IV to resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), bear a resemblance, be similar (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to look (exactly) like s.o. (ه) | وما اشبه ذلك and the like V to compare o.s. (ب with); to imitate, copy (ب s.o., s.th.) VI to resemble one another, be similar to one another; to be equal to one another, be identical; to be ambiguous, unclear VIII to resemble one another, be similar to one another; to be in doubt (في about), doubt (في s.th.); to suspect (في امره or في s.o., s.th.); to be doubtful, dubious, obscure (على to s.o.) |اشتبه في الأمر the matter appeared doubtful to him

شبه šibh pl. اشباه ašbāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; image, picture; analogue; similar, (a)like; -like, quasi-, semi- (with foll. genit.) | شبه šibhu jazīratin peninsula; شبه حربي š. ḥarbī semi-military; شبه المنحرف š. al-munḥarif trapezoid (geom.); شبه رسمي š. rasmī semi-official, officious (dipl.); شبه الظل š. aẓ-ẓill penumbra; شبه قارة subcontinent; شبه المعين š. al-mu‘ayyan rhomboid (geom.); اشباهه ašbāhuhū the likes of him, his kind; وشبههم and the likes of them, and their sort (of people); في شبه عزلة تامة (‘uzlatin tāmma) all but completely isolated, as good as completely isolated

شبه šabah pl. اشباه ašbāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; image, picture; analogue; similar, (a)like; brass

شبهة subha pl. شبهات šubhāt, šubahāt, šubuhāt obscurity, vagueness, uncertainty; doubt; suspicion; specious argument, sophism; judicial error (Isl. Law) | ذوو الشبهات dawū š-šubuhāt or اصحاب الشبهات dubious persons, people of ill repute; تحت الشبهة suspicious, suspect

شبهان šabahān brass

شبيه šabīh pl. شباه šibāh similar (ب to), like, resembling (ب s.o., s.th.) | شبيه بالمنحرف (munḥarif) trapezoid (geom.); شبيه بالرسمي (rasmī) semi-official, officious (dipl.); شبيه بالمعين (mu‘ayyan) rhomboid (geom.)

اشبه ašbah2 more similar, more resembling, more like | هو اشبه ب he resembles … more than anything else, he is just like …

مشابه mašābih2 similarities, related traits

تشبيه tašbīh comparison; allegory, simile, parable; ascription of human characteristics to God, anthropomorphization (of God, theol.)

مشابهة mušābaha pl. -āt resemblance, similarity, likeness

تشبه tašabbuh imitation (ب of)

تشابه tašābuh resemblance, similarity, likeness; vagueness, haziness, indistinctness, obscurity

اشتباه ištibāh resemblance, similarity, likeness; dubiousness, doubtfulness, obscurity, inscrutability; doubt, misgiving, suspicion

مشبوه mašbūh suspicious, suspect; dubious, doubtful; notorious; a suspect

مشابه mušābih similar

متشابهات mutašābihāt obscure, not clearly intelligible passages in the Koran

مشتبه فيه (muštabah) or مشتبه في امره (amrihī) suspicious, suspect; a suspect; مشتبه فيه ب suspected of s.th. | مشتبه في صنعه (ṣan‘ihī) of doubtful make

شبا šaban tip, point | فل من شباه (falla) to weaken s.o.

شباة šabāh pl. شبوات šabawāt tip, point; sting, prick

شت šatta i (šatt, شتات šatāt, شتيت šatīt) to be scattered, be dispersed, be dissolved; -- šatta i to scatter, disperse, break up (هم a crowd, etc., هـ s.th.) | شت شملهم (šamlahum) to disperse or break up the gathering of people, dissolve their unity II to disperse, scatter, break up (هم a crowd, etc., هـ s.th.) | شتت شملهم (šamlahum) = شت شملهم IV = II V to be scattered, be dispersed, be dissolved, scatter, disperse, breakup

شت šatt pl. اشتات aštāt dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. اشتات manifold, variegated, diverse; scattered fragments, single pieces, sections (من of)

شتات šatāt dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved

شتيت šatīt pl. or شتى šattā dispersed, separate(d), scattered, dissolved; pl. شتى diverse, sundry, various, different, manifold, miscellaneous, all kinds of | شتى بينهما or what a difference between the two of them! how different they are!

شتان šattāna: شتان بينهما, شتان ما بينهما, شتان بين – و what a difference between … and ...! how different they are!

تشتيت taštīt dispersion, scattering, dissolution; disruption, splitting, splintering

1 شتر šatara i to cut off, tear off, rip off (هـ s.th.); to tear (up) (هـ s.th.)

2 شترات šitrāt citrate, salt of citric acid

شتل šatala i to plant, transplant (هـ a plant)

شتلة šatla pl. شتول šutūl, شتائل šatā’il2 seedling, set, transplant

مشتل maštal pl. مشاتل mašātil2 (plant) nursery, arboretum

شتم šatama i u (šatm) and III to abuse, revile, vilify, scold (ه s.o.) VI to vilify one another, abuse one another, heap curses upon one another

شتم šatm abuse, vilification

شتام šattām one who indulges in frequent abuse or vilification; impudent, insolent, impertinent, abusive

شتيم šatīm abused, reviled, vilified, insulted

شتيمة šatīma pl. شتائم šatā’im2 abuse, vilification, vituperation, insult

مشاتمة mušātama vilification, vituperation

شتا (شتو ) šatā u (šatw) to pass the winter, to winter (ب at a place); to hibernate II = I; to rain V to pass the winter, to winter, hibernate (ب at a place)

شتاء šitā’ pl. اشتية aštiya, شتى šutīy winter; rains, rainy season

شتوي šatwī, šatawī wintery, hibernal, winter (adj.)

مشتى maštan pl. مشات mašātin winter residence, winter quarters; winter resort

شات šātin wintery, hibernal

مشتى mušattan winter residence, winter quarters; winter resort

شتى šattā pl. of شتيت šatīt (see شت )

شج šajja i (šajj) to break, split, cleave, fracture, bash in (هـ s.th., esp. the skull)

شجة šajja pl. شجاج šijāj head wound which lays open the skull; skull fracture

شجب šajaba u (šajb) and II to doom to destruction, to min, destroy (ه s.o.); to condemn morally, criticize sharply (هـ s.th.) IV to afflict, grieve (ه s.o.)

شجب šajb destruction, routing, crushing

شجب šajab sorrow, grief, worry; distress, affliction

شجاب šijāb pl. شجب šujub clothes hook (attached to the wall)

مشجب mišjab pl. مشاجب mašājib2 clothes hook, clothes rack

شجر šajara u (šajr) to happen, occur; to break out, develop (unrest) III to quarrel, argue, dispute (مع or ه with s.o.) VI to quarrel, fight, dispute (with one another); to quarrel, argue, fight (مع with) VIII do.

الحروف الشجرية al-ḥurūf aš-šajrīya the sounds j, š, ḍ (phon.)

شجر šajar (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اشجار ašjār trees; shrubs, bushes

شجرة šajara pl. -āt tree; shrub, bush | شجر النسب š. an-nasab genealogical tree

شجر šajir woody, wooded, abounding in trees

شجير šajīr pl. شجراء šujarā’2 bad companion, bad company

شجيرة šujaira pl. -āt shrub, bush

شجار šijār (wooden) bar, bolt

اشجر ašjar2, f. شجراء šajrā’2 woody, wooded, abounding in trees

تشجير tašjīr afforestation

شجار šijār fight, quarrel; dispute, argument; see also above

مشاجرة mušājara fight, quarrel; dispute, argument

مشجر mušajjar figured with designs of plants, branched (cloth)

مشجر musjir abounding in trees, wooded

2 شجران šajarān shagreen (leather)

شجع šaju‘a u (شجاعة šajā‘a) to be courageous, brave, valiant, hold II to encourage, embolden, hearten (على ه s.o. to); to favor, support, hack, promote, further (هـ ه s.o., s.th.) V to take heart, pluck up courage; to show o.s. courageous; to be encouraged

شجاع šujā‘, šijā‘ pl. شجعة šaja‘a, شجعان šuj‘ān courageous, brave, valiant, bold; hero; الشجاع Hydra (astron.)

شجيع šajī‘ pl. m. شجعاء šuja‘ā’2, شجعان šuj‘ān, pl. f. شجائع šajā’i‘2, شجاع šijā‘ courageous, brave, valiant, bold, audacious

شجاعة sajā‘a courage, bravery, valor, valiance, boldness, audacity

اشجع ašja‘2, f. شجعاء šaj‘ā’2 courageous, brave, valiant, bold, audacious

اشجع ašja‘, išjā‘ pl. اشاجع ašāji‘2 (proximal or lint) phalanx of the finger

تشجيع tašjī‘ encouragement, heartening, animation (على to); favoring, furtherance, promotion, advancement

مشجع mušajji‘ encourager; promoter, supporter, advocate, proponent

شجن šajina a to be sad, grieved, distressed, worried; to coo (pigeon); -- šajana u (šajn, شجون šujūn) to sadden, grieve, distress, worry (ه s.o.) II and IV = šajana

شجن šajan pl. شجون šujūn, اشجان ašjān worry, anxiety, apprehension; sorrow, grief, distress, sadness; (pl. šujun) twig, branch |الحديث شجون conversation drifts from one topic to another

(شجو and شجى) شجا šajā u (شجو šajw) to worry, trouble, grieve, sadden, distress, fill with anxiety (ه s.o.); -- شجى šajiya a (شجا šajan) to be or become worried, troubled, grieved, sad, distressed, anxious, apprehensive II to move, touch, grip (ه s.o.) IV to grieve, worry, trouble, sadden, fill with anxiety (ه s.o.)

شج šajin, f. شجية šajiya worried, troubled, grieved, sad, anxious, apprehensive

شجو šajw grief, worry, distress, anxiety, apprehension, sadness; fear; affectedness, emotion; wailing, plaintive, moving strain (of a tune, of a song, of an instrument)

شجوى šajawī worried, troubled, grieved, distressed, sad

شجا and شجى šajān foreign body in the throat which inhibits breathing; شجا affectedness, emotion, being moved, a touching, pathetic mood; also = شجو šajw

شجى šajīy worried, troubled, grieved, distressed, sad; anxious, apprehensive, fearful; gripping, heart-rending, touching, moving (vocal part, music)

مشج mušajjin moving, touching, gripping, pathetic

شح šaḥḥa (1st pers. perf. šaḥaḥtu) u i (šuḥḥ) to be or become stingy, tight-fisted, avaricious, miserly, niggardly; to stint, economize (على or ب with or in s.th., على toward s.o.); to be covetous, greedy (على or ب for); to become short, run out, decrease, dwindle III to stint, be niggardly, be sparing; to withhold (ب from s.o. على s.th.)

شح šuḥḥ stinginess, avarice, niggardliness; greed, covetousness; scarcity, paucity, sparsity; ebb

شحيح šaḥīḥ pl. شحاح šiḥāḥ, اشحة ašiḥḥa, اشحاء ašiḥḥā’2, pl. f. شحائح šaḥā’iḥ2 stingy, tight-fisted, niggardly, miserly, avaricious (على or ب with, على toward): short, scarce, meager, sparse; greedy, covetous (على or) | الأيام الشحائح (ayyām) the rainless days, the dry season

مشاحة mušāḥḥa: لا مشاحة في ذلك .(mušāḥḥata) that is incontestable; لا مشاحة ان it is incontestable that ..., indisputably ...; ولا مشاحة incontestably, indisputably

شحب šaḥaba u a (شحوب šuḥūb), šaḥūba u (شحوبة šuḥūba) and pass. šuḥiba to be or become pale, wan, sallow, emaciated, lean, haggard; to look ill, sickly

شحوب šuḥūb paleness, pallor, wanness, sallowness, emaciation

شاحب šāḥib pl. شواحب šawāḥib2 pale, wan, sallow; emaciated, lean, haggard; dim, pale (e.g., light); dull, faded (color); wan (smile)

شحت šaḥata (= شحذ ) to beg, ask for alms

شحات šaḥḥāt pl. ة beggar | شحات العين š. al-‘ain sty (med.)

شحذ šaḥada a (šaḥd) to whet, sharpen, practice, train, strengthen (هـ s.th., also, e.g., the intellect, one’s forces); to hone, strop (هـ a knife); to beg, ask for alms (ه s.o.)

شحاذ šaḥḥād (importunate) beggar | شحاذ العين š. al-‘ain sty (med.)

شحاذة beggary

مشحذ mišḥad, مشحذة mišḥada whetstone, hone

شحر II to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (هـ s.th.)

شحار šuḥḥār soot

مشحر mašḥar charcoal kiln, pile

مشحري mašḥarī charcoal burner

شحرور šuḥrūr pl. شحارير šaḥārīr2 thrush, blackbird (zool.)

مشحر mušaḥḥar sooty

شحط šaḥṯa a (šaḥṯ) to be far away, distant, remote; to strike (هـ a match); to strand, be stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank II to strand, be stranded, run aground (ship); to ground on a sandbank; to strand (هـ a ship)

شحطة šaḥṭa pl. -āt stripe, braid (on a uniform)

شحاطة šaḥḥāṭa pl. -āt (syr.) match, lucifer

شحيطة šuḥḥaiṭa (syr.) match, lucifer

شاحط šāḥiṭ far (away), distant, remote, outlying, out-of-the-way; stranded

شحم šaḥuma u (شحامة šaḥāma) to be or become fat II to grease, lubricate (هـ s.th.)

شحم šaḥm pl. شحوم šuḥum, شحومات šuḥūmāt fat, suet, grease; axle grease, lubricant; tallow, sebum; lard; pulp (of fruit)

شحمة šaḥma (n. un.) a piece of fat, etc. (see شحم) | شحمة الأذن š. al-udun earlobe; شحمة الأرض s. al-arḍ truffle; شحمة العين š. al-‘ain eyeball

شحمي šaḥmī fatty, sebaceous, stearic

شحم šaḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)

شحيم šaḥīm fat, fatty

O مشحمة mišḥama pl. مشاحم mašāḥim2 grease box (of a wheel)

تشحيم tašḥīm lubrication, greasing, oiling (of a machine) | زيوت التشحيم lubricating oils, lubricants

تشحم tašaḥḥum fatness, obesity

مشحم mušaḥḥam fat, fatty, greasy

مشحم mušḥim pulpy, mushy, pappy (fruit)

شحن šaḥana a (šaḥn) to fill up (هـ ب s.th. with); to load, freight (هـ ب so ship with); to ship, freight, consign (هـ goods); to load, charge (ب هـ s.th. with, el.); to drive away, chase away, repel (ه s.o.) III to hate (ه s.o.); to quarrel, argue, fight (ه with s.o.) IV to fill up (ب هـ s.th. with); to load, freight (ب هـ s.th. with) VI to hate one another; to quarrel, have a feud

شحن šaḥn loading, freighting; shipment, freightage; cargo, lading, load, freight | بوليسة الشحن būlīsat aš-š. sill of lading; سيارة شحن sayyārat š. truck, lorry

شحنة šaḥna pl. šaḥanāt cargo, lading, load, freight; charge (el.)

شحنة šiḥna police, police force

شحناء šaḥnā’2 grudge, rancor, hatred, enmity

مشاحنة mušāḥana pl. -āt grudge, rancor, hatred, enmity; quarrel, feud, controversy

شاحن šāḥin loaded, laden, freighted (esp. ship) | O شاحن المركم š. al-markam battery charger

شاحنة šāḥina pl. -āt truck, lorry; baggage car

مشحون mašḥūn loaded, laden, freighted (esp. ship); charged (el.); pl. مشحونات cargo, lading, load, freight

شحور šaḥwara to soot, besmut, blacken with soot (هـ s.th.)

شحور šaḥwar blackbird (zool.)

شحور šaḥwār soot, smut

شخ šakka u (šakk) to urinate, piss, make water

شخ šakk urine, piss

شخاخ šakāk urine, piss

مشخخة miškaka public lavatory

شخب šakaba u a (šakb) to flow, stream, run, pour forth, gush forth

شخبط šakbaṭa to scribble, scrawl (in writing)

شختور šaktūr, شختورة pl. شخاتير šakātīr large, flat-bottomed (wooden) barge; punt

شخر šakara i (شخير šakīr) to snore; to snort; to neigh, whinny; to bray (donkey)

شخشخ šakšaka to rattle, clatter, clank

شخشخية (eg.) šukšēka pl. شخاشخ šakāšik rattle (toy); toy, plaything; skylight

شخص šakaṣa a (شخوص šukūṣ) to rise, tower up; to become high, lofty; to rise, ascend (star); to appear (ل to s.c.); to stare, gaze (الى at, of the eye), be fixed (الى on, of the glance); to be glazed (eyes of a dying person); to start out, leave, depart (الى to see s.o., for a place), travel, journey (الى to s.o., to a place); to pass (من الى from one state or condition into another) | شخص بصره (baṣarahū) or شخص ببصره to fix one’s eyes, one’s glance (الى on), look fixedly (الى at s.o.), stare, gaze (الى at) II to represent as a person or individual, personify (هـ s.th.); to specify (هـ s.th.), identify (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to act, play (هـ a part, of the actor); to perform (actor) | شخص مرضا (maraḍan) to diagnose a disease IV to send off, send out, dispatch (ه s.o.) V to appear, be revealed, show o.s. (ل to s.o.)

شخص šakṣ pl. اشخاص aškāṣ, شخوص šukūṣ individual, person; figure; character (of a play); someone, somebody

شخصي šakṣī personal, private, of one’s own; شخصيا šakṣīyan personally | قانون (نظام) الأحوال الشخصية personal statute

شخصية šakšīya pl. -āt individuality, personality (also = personage); distinctive way of life, peculiarity, distinctive character, personal stamp; identity | شخصية اعتبارية (i‘tibārīya) legal person (jur.); تحقيق الشخصية identification of a person; شهادة تحقيق الشخصية šahādat t. aš-š. identity card; قلم تحقيق الشخصية qalam t. aš-š. bureau of identification

شخصاتي šakṣātī (comic) actor, comedian

تشخيص taškīṣ personification; exact designation, specification; identification; diagnosis; acting, performance (on stage), play(ing) (of an actor)

تشخيصي diagnostic | طبيب تشخيصي diagnostician

شاخص šākiṣ fixed, glazed (glance); pole, stake (eg.)

مشخص mušakkiṣ actor, player; representative

مشخصة mušakkaṣa pl. -āt actress, player; personality

مشخصات mušakkiṣāt qualities or factors lending s.th. its distinctive character, peculiarities, characteristics

شخط šakaṭa (eg.) to shout, bark, bellow (في at s.o.)

شخلل šaklala (eg.) to jingle, tinkle; to clatter, rattle (ب with); to coquet, flirt

شخليلة šaklīla (eg.) jingle, jangle, tinkling

شد šadda i (شدة šidda) to be or become firm, fast, solid, hard, strong, vigorous, rosust, vehement, violent, intense; -- šadda u i (šadd) to make firm, hard, strong, solidify, harden, srace (هـ s.th.), strengthen, fortify (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to tighten, pull taut, draw tight (هـ s.th., e.g., the sow); to fasten, tie, sind (الى or على هـ s.th. on, to), lash (على هـ s.th. on); to saddle (على an animal); to put emphasis (على كلمة ‘alā kalimatin on word), emphasize, stress (على كلمة a word); to pull, drag (ه من s.o. sy the coat); to charge, launch an attack (على against, on), assault, attack (على s.o., s.th.); to press (على s.th. or upon s.th.), exert pressure (على on); to insist (في on s.th.) | شد ما šadda-mā and لشد ما (la-šadda) (with foll. vers) how much ...! very often ...; very much, exceedingly, vehemently, violently; لشد ما كان سرورنا اذ tremendous was our joy when …; شد ازره (azrahū) or شد من ازره to help, support, encourage, sack up s.o.; شد ازره (azruhū) to be energetic, vigorous, courageous; شد الزمام to tighten the reins, master the situation; شد من عزائمه to strengthen s.o.’s determination; شدعضده (‘aḍudahū) to strengthen, support, solster, assist s.o.; شد على راحلته (be saddled his female riding camel =) he started out on the journey; شد على راحلته to start out, depart, leave (الى for); شد وثاقه (watāqahū) to shackle, fetter s.o.; شد يده على (yadahū) to adhere, cling to s.th.; شد على يديه (yadaihi) to clasp s.o.’s hands II to strengthen, intensify (هـ s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) strong, hard, harsh, severe; (gram.) to intensify, dousle, geminate (هـ a consonant); to exert pressure ( على on), press (على upon); to be hard, strict, stern (على في toward s.o. in); to impress (على ب upon s.o. s.th.) | شدد في طلبه (ṭalasihī) to demand s.th. emphatically or inexorasly; شدد من عزيمته (šuddida) he was strengthened in his determination III to argue, have an argument, an exchange of words (ه with s.o.) V to be hard, harsh, strict, severe, stern (على toward); to be or become violent, vehement, intense, strong; to show o.s. stem, harsh, hard, inexorasle, be relentless, remain unmoved, unrelenting VI to argue with one another VIII to be or become hard, harsh, rigorous, intense, forceful, severe, strong, vehement, violent, passionate; to become harder, harsher, more rigorous, more intense, more forceful, severer, stronger, more vehement, more violent, more passionate; to intensify, increase, grow; to become aggravated, more critical; to become tormenting, excruciating, distressing, unbearable (على for s.o.), take a turn for the worse (disease, على with s.o.); to be advanced (time of the day); to run, race, dash | اشتد ساعده (sā‘iduhū) to become strong, vigorous

شد šadd: شد الحبل š. al-ḥabl tug of war

شدة šadda (n. vic.) strengthening, intensification; stress, emphasis; pulling, dragging, tugging; tightness, tautness; stress, strain; doubling sign over a consonant (gram.) | شدة ورق اللعب š. waraq al-la‘b deck of cards

شدة šidda strength, forcefulness, power, vehemence, violence, intensity, severity, force, high degree, (pl. شدائد šadā’id2) misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity, distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort

شداد šadād pl. اشدة ašidda riding saddle (of a camel)

شديد šadīd pl. اشداء ašiddā’2, شداد šidād strong, powerful, forceful, vigorous, stem, severe, rigorous, hard, harsh, violent, vehement, intense; bad, evil, ominous, calamitous, difficult (على for s.o.); with foll. subst. frequently corresponding to Engl. “very”, e.g., شديد الاعتناء very attentive, very careful | ارض شديدة (arḍ) solid or firm ground; شديد البأس š. al-ba’s courageous, stouthearted, bold, audacious, brave, valiant; شديد الشكيمة stubborn, obstinate, unbending, unyielding, relentless; شديد اللهجة š. al-lahja strongly worded, vehement in language, sharp in tone; شديد الوطأة š. al-waṭ’a cruel

شديدة šadīda pl. شدائد šadā’id2 misfortune, calamity, misery, adversity, distress, hardship, affliction, discomfort

اشد ašadd2 stronger, more intense, severer, harder, worse | used with foll. indeterminate abstract substantives as paraphrase of simple elatives, e.g., اشد سوادا (sawādan) blacker, اشد غضبا (gaḍaban) more wrathful, angrier; اشد ما يكون extremely, exceedingly, very much, e.g., روحهم اشد ما يكون تعطشا الى العلم (rūḥuhum, ta‘attušan, ‘ilm) they are extremely eager for knowledge

اشد ašudd physical maturity, virility | بلغ اشده to attain full maturity, come of legal age; to reach its climax

مشد mišadd pl. -āt corset, stays

تشديد tašdīd intensification, strengthening; (gram.) intensified pronunciation, germination, doubling (of a consonant); doubling sign over a consonant; pressure (على on)

مشادة mušādda exchange of words, squabble, argument, quarrel, fight, controversy, conflict

اشتداد ištidād aggravation, intensification, increase; deterioration

مشدود mašdūd tense, tight, taut

مشدد mušaddid: ظروف مشددة aggravating circumstances

مشدد mušaddad doubled (letter; gram.); emphatic, intense; severe, stern

متشدد mutašaddid pl. -ūn stem zealot, bigot, proponent of a stern viewpoint

شدح šadaka a (šadk) to break, shatter, smash, crush (هـ s.th.) II do.

شادر šādir pl. شوادر šawādir2 tent; storehouse, warehouse, magazine

شادوف šādūf pl. شوادف šawādīr (eg.) shadoof, counterpoised sweep for raising irrigation water

شدق V to announce (ب s.th.) in a boastful, bragging, loud-mouthed manner, to vaunt (ب s.th.); to chatter, prattle | تشدق بالكلام (kalām) to enunciate overcarefully, speak affectedly; to be agape

شدق šidq pl. اشداق ašdāq corner of the mouth; jawbone | ضحك بملء (ملء) شدقيه ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (mil’a) šidqaihi to grin from ear to ear

اشدق ašdaq2, f. شدقاء šadqā’2 having a large mouth, largemouthed

متشدق mutaš8addiq pl. -ūn braggart, boaster, bigmouth

شدن šadana u to be weaned, be on its own feet (young animal)

شادن šādin pl. شوادن šawādin2 gazelle fawn

شده šadaha a to confuse, perplex, baffle (ه s.o.)

مشدوه mašdūh perplexed, appalled, baffled

شدا (شدو ) šadā u (šadw) to sing; to chant (هـ s.th.); to acquire or have education, become or be educated (في in a field) | شدا شيئا من العربية to know a little Arabic, have a smattering of Arabic

شدو šadw song, chant

شاد šādin pl. شادون šādūn educated, trained (e.g., في اللغة linguistically) |ليلة شادية laila šādiya soirée of vocal music

شادية šādiya songstress, singer

شدياق šidyāq pl. شدايقة šadāyiqa sub deacon (Chr.)

شذ šadda i u (šadd, شذوذ šudūd) to segregate, separate, isolate o.s. (عن from), be separated, isolated (عن from), be outside s.th. (عن ), elude (عن s.th.); to be alone; to be irregular, deviate, stand out (على or عن from), be an exception (على or عن to); to be wanting, lacking; to decrease, dwindle

شذ šadd irregularity, deviation, anomaly, exception (عن to)

شذوذ irregularity, deviation, anomaly, exception (عن to); curiosity, eccentricity, eccentric character

شاذ šādd pl. شذاذ šudād, شواذ šawādd2 isolated, separate(d), detached, alone; irregular, abnormal, anomalous, unusual, extraordinary, exceptional, singular, curious, queer, odd, peculiar, strange, eccentric; noncanonical (version); pl. شواذ exceptions | شاذ الأخلاق of deviant (= inferior) character; شاذ الطبع š. aṭ-ṯab‘, شاذ الطبع, شاذ الأطوار eccentric, extravagant, crazy; شذاذ الآفاق the foreigners, the strangers

شواذات šawāddāt peculiarities, idiosyncrasies

شذب šadaba i u (šadb) to out off, sever (هـ s.th.); to trim, clip, prune, lop (هـ hedges, trees); to adept, doctor, modify (هـ s.th.) II do.

شذر V to be scattered, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse

شذرة šadra pl. šadarāt, شذور šudūr particle, bit, tiny piece; fragment, section

تفرقوا شذر مذر tafarraqū šadara madara, šidara midara they scattered in all directions

شذو šadw fragrance of musk

شذا šadan flagrance, scent, aroma

شذى šadīy fragrant, aromatic

شر šarra (1st pers. perf. šarirtu) a, (1st pers. perf. šarurtu) u (šarr, شرة širra) to be bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious, malignant

شر šarr pl. شرور šurūr evil, ill, mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm, damage, injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin; -- (pl. اشرار ašrār) bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious; evildoer, culprit; -- šarr (as elative) worse, more evil | هزمهم شر هزيمة (šarra hazīmatin) he brought utter defeat upon them

شراني šarrānī evil, vicious, malicious

شرة širra evil, ill, mischief; calamity, disaster; iniquity, injustice; harm, damage, injury; wickedness, viciousness, malice; vice, sin; vivacity enthusiasm, fire of youth

شرير šarīr pl. اشراء aširrā’2 bad, evil, wicked, vicious, malicious

شرير širrīr very bad, very evil, very wicked, very vicious, very malicious; scoundrel; الشرير the Evil One (= Satan)

شرر šarar (coll.; n. un. ة ) sparks

شررى šararī spark (used attributively)

شرار šarār (coll.; n. un. ة ) sparks

شرارة šarāra pl. -āt spark | شمعة الشرارة šam‘at aš-š. spark plug; مفتاح الشرارة miftāḥ aš-š. ignition key (automobile)

شراري šarārī spark (used attributively)

شرار šarrār sparkling, scintillating, emitting sparks

اشرأب išra’abba to stretch one’s neck in order to see s.th. (ل or الى ), crane one’s neck for (ل or الى ); to carry one’s head high (out of vanity); to leer (الى at)

شراب šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock

شراس širās glue, paste

1 شرب šariba a (šurb, مشرب mašrab) to drink (هـ s.th.); to sip (هـ s.th.) | شرب في حبه (ḥubbihī) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o.; شرب الدخان (dukāna) to smoke; شرب نخبه (nakbahū) to drink s.o.’s health, toast s.o. II to give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or let drink (ه هـ s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak, saturate, impregnate (ب هـ s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (ه هـ s.o. with s.th.) III to drink in s.o.’s (ه ) company, have a drink (ه with s.o.) IV to give (ه هـ s.o. s.th.) to drink, make or let drink (ه هـ s.o. s.th.); to drench, soak, saturate, impregnate (ب or هـ هـ s.th. with); to inculcate, imbue (هـ ه s.o. with); pass. ušriba to be or become full (هـ of s.th.), be filled, imbued, infused (هـ with s.th.), be dominated, permeated (هـ by s.th.) | اشربه ما لم يشرب (yašrab) to attribute s.th. wrongly to s.o. V to soak up, absorb, imbibe (هـ s.th.); to be permeated, imbued, infused (هـ, ب with s.th.) ; to be full

(ب of), be filled, replete (ب with)

شرب šurb drinking, drink; absorption

شربة šarba drink; sip, draught, swallow; dose, potion (of a medicine); laxative, purgative, aperient

شربة šurba drink; sip, draught, swallow; dose, potion (of a medicine)

شراب šarāb pl. اشربة ašriba beverage, drink; wine; fruit juice, fruit syrup, sherbet | شراب التفاح š. at-tuffāḥ apple juice; cider; شراب البرتقال š. al-burtuqāl orangeade

شراب šarrāb drunkard, heavy drinker

شريب šarīb drinkable, potable

شرابة šarrāba, šurraba pl. شراريب šarārīb2 tassel, tuft, bob | شرابة الراعي š.

ar-rā‘ī (European) holly (Ilex aquifolium; bot.)

شريب širrīb drunkard, heavy drinker

مشرب mašrab drink (as opposed to food); (pl. مشارب mašārib2) drinking place, water hole, drinking trough, drinking fountain; restaurant, bar; inclination, taste; movement, school (e.g., in philosophy)

مشربة mašraba pl. مشارب mašārib2 drinking place, water hole, drinking trough, drinking fountain

مشربية mašrabīya, mušrabīya and مشربة mašraba moucharaby, projecting oriel window with a wooden latticework enclosure; wooden oriel; attic room; mašrabīya a kind of drinking vessel; vase, pot for flowers

تشرب tašarrub absorption, soaking up, imbibing

شارب šārib pl. -ūn, شرب šarb, شروب šurūb drinking; drinker; (pl. شوارب šawārib2) mustache, frequently dual: شاربان

مشروب mašrūb pl. -āt drink, beverage | مشروبات روحية (rūḥīya) alcoholic beverage, liquors

2 شربة šorba soup

شوربة šorba (eg.), شوربا šōraba (syr.) soup

3 شراب šurrāb pl. -āt stocking, sock

شربك šarbaka to (en)tangle, snarl (هـ s.th.), to complicate (هـ s.th.)

شربين šarbīn a variety of larch (bot.)

1 شرج šaraj pl. اشراج ašrāj loop, ring, eyelet; buttonhole; anus

شرجي šarajī anal

2 شيرج look up alphabetically

شرح šaraḥa a (šarḥ) to cut in slices, slice, cut up (هـ s.th.); to cut open, rip open (هـ s.th.); to bare, expose, make clearly visible or discernible (هـ s.th.), to expound (هـ s.th.); to explain, elucidate, illustrate, make plain, set forth, describe, depict (هـ s.th.); to comment (هـ on), interpret (هـ s.th.), to open, lay open (صدره s.o. ṣadrahū s.o.’s heart, ل to or for the acceptance of) | شرح خاطره (kāṭirahū) to gladden, delight s.o. II to cut in slices, slice, cut up (هـ s.th.); to dissect, dismember, anatomize (هـ a corpse) VII to be opened (heart); to be relaxed; to be glad, happy | انشرح صدره (ṣadruhū) and انشرح خاطره (kāṭiruhū) to be or become glad, happy or delighted, rejoice

شرح šarḥ expounding, presentation, explanation, illustration, elucidation, exposition, setting forth; commentation; (pl. (شروح šurūḥ) commentary

شرحي šarḥī explanatory, explicatory, illustrative

شرحة šarḥa long, thin slice, rasher

شريحة šarīḥa pl. شرائح šarā’iḥ long, thin slice (e.g., of fruit, etc.), rasher; girth, cinch; O (microscope) slide

O مشرحة mašraḥa operating room; operating table; autopsy room

تشريح tašrīḥ dissection; anatomy; autopsy, post-mortem examination | علم التشريح ‘ilm at-t. anatomy, O تشريح المقابلة t. al.muqābala comparative anatomy

تشريحي tašrīhī dissecting, anatomizing, dissective, dissectional, anatomic(al)

انشراح inširāḥ relaxedness, relaxation, joy, delight, glee, gaiety

شارح šāriḥ pl. شراح šurrāḥ explainer, expounder, interpreter, commentator, expositor

مشرح mušarriḥ anatomist

1 شرخ šaraka u (شرخ šurūk) to become a youth. grow from childhood to maturity

شرخ šark prime of youth, spring of life

2 شرح šaraka a (eg.) to crack, splinter, become cracked

شرخ šark pl. شروخ šurūk (eg.) crack, break, fissure, fracture

شرد šarada u (شراد šarrād, شرود šurūd) to bolt (horse), to run away, flee, take to flight, take to one’s heels, break loose, escape; to roam, rove, wander, stray, go astray; to be distracted (thoughts) | شرد ذهنه (dihnahū) to be absent-minded شرد به الفكر (fikru) he became lost in thought II to frighten away, chase away, drive away (ه s.o.); to scare (ه s.o.), frighten (ه s.o.) into a panic IV to chase away, drive away (ه s.o.) V to roam, tramp about, lead a vagabond life

شرود šarūd pl. شرد šurūd running away; straying; astray, deviant, aberrant, strange, peculiar

شرود šurūd roaming, straying, wandering | شرود الفكر š. al-fikr absent-mindedness, distractedness

شريد šarīd fugitive, expatriated, displaced, expelled; loafer, tramp, vagrant, vagabond

تشريد tašrīd expulsion, banishment, eviction; vagrancy, vagabondage | حياة التشريد ḥayāt at-t. the unsettled life, life of a vagabond

تشرد tašarrud vagrancy, vagabondage

شارد šārid pl. شرد šurud, šurrad, شوارد šawārid2 fugitive, straying, astray; intimidated, frightened, helpless at a loss; a fugitive, runaway, deserter; defector; vagrant, tramp, vagabond | شارد الفكر š. al-fikr absent-minded, distracted; شوارد اللغة š. al-luga irregularities of the language, linguistic anomalies; شارد النظر (النظرات ) š. an-naẓar (an-naẓarāt) with a blank stare; gazing into the void

شاردة šārida pl. شوارد šawarid2 peculiarity, anomaly, exception | لا تفوته شاردة ولا واردة (tafūtuhū) nothing escapes him, he doesn’t miss a thing

مشرد mušarrad fugitive, refugee, displaced person; neglected, unkempt | مشرد البال confused, disconcerted

متشرد mutašarrid pl. -ūn homeless person, tramp, vagrant, vagabond; adventurer

شردق II tašardaqa to swallow the wrong way; to choke (to death)

شرذم II tašardama to be jagged, indented

شرذمة širdima pl. شراذم šarādim 2, شراذيم šarādīm2 small group, gang, party, troop; little band

1 شرس šarisa a (šaras, شراسة šarāsa) to be vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome, petulant, peevish VI to be cross, quarrel (مع with)

شرس šaras = شراسة

شرس šaris vicious, malicious, mischievous, ill-tempered, unsociable, quarrelsome, petulant, peevish; wild, ferocious, fierce

شريس šarīs = شرس šaris

شراسة šarāsa wickedness, malice, viciousness, meanness, baseness, villainy; ill-temperedness, unsociableness, querulousness, petulance, peevishness

2 شراس širās glue, paste, see سراس, سيراس

شرسوف šursūf pl. شراسيف šarāsīf2 rib cartilage

شراسيفي šarāsīfī epigastric, pertaining to the anterior walls of the abdomen

شرش II to take root

شرش širš شرش pl. شروش šurūš root | شرش اللبن š. al-laban whey

شرشور šuršur pl. شراشير šarāšīr chaffinch (zool.)

شرشير šaršīr (eg.) wild duck (zool.)

شراشير šarāšīr2 soul, self, nature (of a person)

شرشف šaršaf pl. شراشف šarāšif bedsheet

شرط šaraṭa i u (šarṭ) to tear (هـ s.th.); to make incicions (هـ in), scratch, scarify (هـ s.th.); to slit open, rip open (هـ s.th.); to impose as a condition, as an obligation (هـ على on s.o. s.th.), make conditional (هـ على for s.o. s.th.); to stipulate (هـ s.th.) II to tear to shreds (هـ s.th.); to scratch, scarify (هـ s.th.); to make incisions (هـ in) III to fix mutual conditions.; to make a contract, conclude an agreement; to bet, wager (ه with s.o.) V to impose severe oonditiono or terms | تشرط في عمله (‘amalihī) to be meticulous in one’s work, do one’s work painstakingly VIII to impose as a condition, as an obligation (على هـ on s.o. s.th.); to make conditional (على هـ for s.o. s.th.); to stipulate (هـ s.th.); pass, ušturiṭa to be prerequisite, preconditional (ل for)

شرط šarṭ pl. شروط šurūṭ incision (in the skin); long cut, rip, clash, slit; condition, precondition; provision, proviso, clause; stipulation (of a contract) | شرطا ان (šarṯan), على شرط, بشرط on the condition that ..., provided that ...; من دون (بدون) شرط unconditional; بلا شرط او قيد (au qaidin) with no strings attached; unconditional (obedience, surrender, etc.); شرط الخيار proviso of the right of withdrawal (from a contract, a commercial transaction, an obligation, and the like, Isl. Law)

شرط šaraṭ pl. اشراط ašrāṭ sign, portent | اشراط الساعة the portents of the Day of Judgment

شرطي šarṭī conditional | جملة شرطية (jumla) conditional clause (gram.)

شرطية šarṭīya contract, agreement

شرطة šarṭa pl. شرط šuraṭ stroke, line; hyphen; dash

شرطة šurṭa police, policemen | دار الشرطة police station; تقرير الشرطة police report

شرطي šurṭī, šuraṭī pl. -ūn policeman, officer

شريط pl. شرائط šarā’iṭ, اشرطة ašriṭa band, ribbon, tape; cord, string; leash, line; thong, strap; braid, galloon, chevron, stripe; ribbon (of an order), medal ribbon, service ribbon; (railway) track, line; film strip; film (also شريط سينمائي ); (magnetic) tape | شريط مصغر (muṣaggar) microfilm; شريط القياس tape measure; measuring tape; شريط ناطق pl. شرائط ناطقة sound film; sound track; magnetic tape; شريط النار fuse; دودة الشريط dūdat aš-š. tapeworm

شريطة šarīṭa condition | على شريطة on the condition that ...

مشرط mašraṭ program

مشرط mišraṭ pl. مشارط mašāriṭ2 lancet, scalpel

تشريط tašrīṭ scarification, incision

مشارطة mušāraṭa agreement, arrangement

اشتراط ištirāṭ pl. -āt condition, provision, proviso; stipulation

شرطن šarṭana to consecrate, ordain (ه s.o., Chr.) II to be ordained (Chr.)

شرط šarṭana = شرطونية

شرطونية šarṭūnīya ordination of a priest, and any ordination of persons by laying on of hands (Chr.); simony (Copt.-Chr.)

شرع šara‘a a (šar‘, شروع šurū‘) to go (في into), enter (في s.th.); to begin, start, commence (في or y with; with foil. imperf.: to do s.th.); to point a weapon (هـ ) at s.o. (على ); to untie, unbind, unlace (هـ s.th.); to fix (هـ bayonets, على on rifles); -- šara‘a a (šar‘) to introduce, enact (o laws), prescribe, give (هـ ل to s.o. laws), make laws (هـ ) for s.o. (ل) | شرع مشروعا to devise a plan II to draw a weapon (هـ ) on s.o. (على ); to legislate, make laws IV to draw or train a weapon (هـ ) on s.o. (على) | اشرع عينه الى (‘ainaihi) to cast one’s eyes on …, turn one’s glance toward ...; اشرع قلمه (qalamahū) to draw one’s pen = to prepare to write VIII to introduce, enact (هـ laws); to prescribe, give (ل هـ to s.o. laws), make laws (هـ ) for s.o. (ل )

الشرع aš-šar‘ the Revelation, the canonical law of Islam | شرعا وفرعا šar‘an wa-far‘an with full right, with good cause, by rights; هم في هذا شرع واحد they are alike in this

شروق šurūq rise (of the sun)

شراقي šarāqī (eg.) unirrigated land not reached by the Nile floods

شراق šarrāq suctorial device; part of a suction pump

شراقوة šarāquwa (pl. of شرقاوي ) Levantines (eg.)

مشرق mašriq pl. مشارق mašāriq2 place of sunrise, east; place of rise; the Orient, the East; المشرقان East and West | مشارق الأرض ومغاربها m. al-arḍ wa-magāribuhā or المشرقان والمغربان (magribān) the whole world; في الغربين وفي المشرقين all over the world

مشرقي mašriqī eastern, easterly, oriental; (pl. مشارقة mašāriqa) an Oriental; المشرقيات orientalia, oriental studies

تشريق tašrīq easternization; development of domestic production (esp. in local industry, with the gradual elimination of Europe), drive for (economic) independence | ايام التشريق ayyām at-t. the old name of the three days following the day of Immolation (10th of Zu’lhijja)

during the hadj festival

اشراق išrāq radiance; radiation, eradiation, emanation; Illuminism (mysticism deriving from Neoplatonism)

الاشراقيون al-išrāqīyūn the Illuminists, adherents of Illuminism

الاستشراق al-istišrāq oriental studies

مشرق mašriq resplendent, radiant, shining

مستشرق mustašriq having oriental manners; (pl. -ūn) orientalist

شرقرق šaraqraq, شرقراق šarāqrāq green woodpecker

شرك šarika a (širk, شركة širka, šarika) to share (ه في with s.o s.th.), participate (في ه with s.o. in), be or become partner, participant, associate (في ه of s.o. in) III to share (في or هـ ه with s.o., s.th.), participate (في or هـ ه with s.o. in), be or become partner, participant, associate (في or هـ ه of s.o. in); to associate o.s. (ه with s.o.), enter into partnership (ه with s.o.), form a partnership, join, combine (في or هـ ه with s.o. in); to sympathize (ه with s.o.) | شاركه رأيه (ra’yahū) to share s.o.’s opinion IV to make (ه s.o.) a partner, participant, associate (في in), give (ه s.o.) a share (في in), have (ه s.o.) share (في in); to tie s.th. (هـ ) closely to s.th. (ب ), associate (هـ ب s.th. with s.th.) | اشركه بالله to make s.o. the associate or partner of God (in His creation and rule); اشرك بالله to set up or attribute associates to God. i.e. to be a polytheist, an idolator VI to enter into partnership (مع with s.o.); to participate together (في in), share with one another (في s.th,) VIII to enter into partnership, to cooperate (مع with s.o.); to participate (مع في with s.o. in), share (مع في with s.o., s.th.), collaborate, take part (في in), contribute (في to); to subscribe (في to); to partake of the Lord’s Supper, communicate (Copt.-Chr.)

شرك širk polytheism, idolatry | اهل الشرك ahl aš-š. the polytheists, the idolators

شرك šarak pl. شرك šuruk, اشراك ašrāk, شراك širāk net, snare, gin; trap | نصب له شركا to lay a trap for s.o., trap s.o.

شرك spurious, unsound, phony, false

شركة širka, šarika partnership; communion (Chr.); (pl. -āt) association, companionship; company, corporation (com.); commercial enterprise (Isl. Law); establishment, firm; شركة التأمين insurance company; شرك تجارية (tijārīya) trading company, firm; شركة الاذاعة broad- casting corporation; شركة المساهمة š. al-musāhama joint-stock company, corporation; شركة سهامية (sihāmīya) do.; شركة الشركات trust (com.)

شراك širāk pl. شرك šuruk, اشرك ašruk, اشراك ašrāk shoelace

شريك šarīk pl. شركاء šurakā’2, اشراك ašrāk sharer, participant, partner, copartner; associate, companion, confederate, ally; co-owner, coproprietor (Isl. Law); accomplice, accessory (in a crime) | O شريك موص (mūṣin) silent partner (com.)

شريك šuraik (eg.) sesame cake

شريكة šarīk pl. شرائك šarā’ik woman partner, woman participant, etc. (see

شريك )

تشريك tašrīk: سياية التشريك siyāsat at-t. policy of alliances

مشاركة mušāraka partnership, copartnership, participation (في in); cooperation, collaboration; communion (Chr.); complicity, accessoriness (jur.)

اشنراك ištirāk partnership, copartnership, coparcenary; participation, sharing, joining, co-operation, collaboration (في in); interference (في in); subscription (في to); jointness, community; communion (Chr.) ; (pl. -āt) subscription rate; participation fee |بالاشتراك jointly, in concurrence, together (مع with); اشتراك شهري (šahrī) monthly subscription; monthly fee or contribution

اشتراكي ištirākī socialist, socialistic; (pl. -ūn) a socialist

اشتراكية ištirākīya socialism

مشرك mušrik pl. -ūn polytheist

مشترك muštarik pl. -ūn participant; subscriber

مشترك muštarak common, joint, combined, concurrent, collective, co- | الأمن المشترك (amn) collective security; بلاغ مشترك (balāg) joint communiqué; السوق المشترك (sūq) the Common Market; الشعور المشترك community spirit, communality, solidarity; الضمان المشترك (ḍamān) collective security

شركسي šarkašī Circassian; (pl. شراكسة šarākisa) a Circassian

شرم šarama i (šarm) to split, slit, slash (هـ s.th.)

شرم šarm pl. شروم šurūm cleft, crack, split, rift, slit, slot; small hay, inlet

اشرم ašram2, f. شرماء šarmā’2 having a disfigured nose; harelipped

شرمط šarmaṭa (eg., syr.) to shred, tear to shreds (هـ s.th.)

شرموطة šarmūṭa pl. شراميط šārāmīṭ rag, shred, tatter; whore, slut, prostitute

شرنقة šarnaqa pl. شرانق šarāniq2 cocoon (of the silk worm); chrysalis (of an insect); slough (of a snake), snakeskin; -- šarāniq2 hemp (Cannahis sativa; bot.); hemp seed

شره šariha a (šarah) to be greedy (الى or على for food); to eat greedily, gormandize, gluttonize, be gluttonous

شره šarah gluttony, gourmandism, ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed, covetousness, avidity

شره šarih greedy (على for food), gluttonous; voracious, ravenous; ravenous eater, glutton; greedy, covetous, avid

شراهة šarāha gluttony, gourmandism, ravenousness, voracity; greediness, greed, covetousness, avidity

شرو šarw, širw honey

شروال širwāl pl. شراويل šarāwīl 2 trousers, pants; drawers

شروة , شروى see شري

شرى šarā i (širan, شراء širā’) to sell, vend (ب هـ s.th. for a certain price); to buy, purchase (هـ s.th.); to bring upon o.s., to ask for (e.g., المتاعب troubles, inconveniences) -- šarā i (širan) to expose (هـ s.th.) to the sun for drying II to expose (هـ s.th.) to the sun for drying VIII to buy, purchase (هـ s.th.); to buy up, acquire, obtain by commercial transaction (هـ s.th.); to sell, vend (هـ s.th.) X to become worse, worsen, deteriorate

شرى šary (coll.; n. un. ة ) colocynth

شرى širan pl. اشرية ašriya purchase, buy(ing), bargain

شرى šaran an itching skin eruption

شراء širā’ purchase buy(ing) | راغب الشراء eager to buy; O المقدرة على الشراء (maqdura) or O قوة الشراء qūwat aš-š. purchasing power

شروة šarwa purchase buy(ing)

شروى šarwā: لا يملك شروى نقير lā yamliku š. naqīrin he hasn’t a red cent to his name, he has absolutely nothing; لا يجدي شروى نقير (yujdī) it is of no use at all

O الحمى الشروية al-ḥummā aš-šarawīya nettle rash, urticaria (med.)

شريان širyān pl. شرايين šarāyīn2 artery | تصلب الشرايين taṣallub aš-š. arteriosclerosis

شرياني širyānī arterial | السدة الشريانية (sudda) embolism (med.)

اشتراء ištirā’ purchase buy(ing)

شار šārin pl. شراة šurāh seller, salesman, vendor; purchaser, buyer, customer; -- O lightning rod (also شارى الصواعق); الشراة aš-šurāh designation of the Khawārij

مشتر muštarin purchaser, buyer, customer; seller, vendor

المشترى al-muštarī Jupiter (astron.)

مشترى muštaran pl. مشتريات muštarayāt, that which is purchased, purchased

goods; purchase, buy(ing), acquisition

شزرا sażran: نظر اليه شزرا to look askance at s.o.

عين شزراء ‘ain sazrā’2 an eye looking askance, distrustfully or maligrantly; نظرة شزرا (naẓra) distrustful, suspicious glance

شست (Fr. chiste) slate (min.)

شاسع šāsi' far (away), distant, remote; wide, large, great (distance); huge, vast, enormous (difference)

ششخان šašakān rifled (gunbarrel)

اسلحة الششخانة aṣliḥat aš-š. firearms

مششخن mušaškan rifled (gunbarrel)

1 ششم šišm seed of the Cassia absus (bot.), used as eye powder

2 ششمة šašma, šišma toilet, lavatory, privy

ششنى šišnī sample, specimen; sampling

ششنجي (eg.) šišnagī assayer (of precious metals)

شص šiṣṣ pl. شصوص šuṣūṣ fishhook

شصر šaṣara a kind of gazelle

شط šaṭa i u (شطط šaṭaṭ) to go to extremes, go too far, exceed the proper hounds, be excessive (في in, with); to deviate (عن from), digress, stray (عن الموضوع from the topic) VIII to go to extremes, go too far, exceed the proper bounds, be excessive (في in, with)

شط šaṭṭ pl. شطوط šuṭūṭ bank, shore, coast, seashore, beach, strand | شط العرب š. al-‘arab Shatt-al-Arab, river in SE Iraq formed by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; the region traversed by this river on the Persian Gulf

شطة šaṭṭa a variety of pepper (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)

شطط šaṭaṭ that which is excessive or exceeds the proper bounds, excess; inroad, encroachment, infringement

شطيطة šaṭīṭa a variety of pepper (Capsicum conicum Mey.; bot.)

مشط mušiṭṭ excessive

شاطئ šāṭi’ pl. شواطئ šawāṭi’2, شطآن šaṭ’ān shore, coast, seacoast, beach, strand

شطب šaṭab u (šaṭb) to out into slices or strips (هـ s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch out, write off (على or هـ s.th.); to erase, efface (على or هـ s.th., e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel, release (على or هـ a mortgage); to drop, nonsuit (دعوى da‘wā a case) II to make an incision, a longitudinal cut, a slit, a slash (في in s.th.); to strike out, cross out, scratch out, write off (على or هـ s.th.); to erase, efface (على or هـ s.th., e.g., a word, a sentence); to cancel, release, (على or هـ a mortgage); to book, enter, post (هـ an item, an account); to finish off, terminate, wind up (على s.th.)

شطب šaṭb cut, slash; incision, scratch; crossing out, striking out, writing off; erasure, effacement; annulment, cancellation

شطب šaṭb pl. شطوب šuṭūb tall, strapping, sturdy, husky

تشطيب tašṭīb: تشطيب الحساب posting of an account (to the ledger); ساعة التشطيب curfew

شطح šaṭaḥa (šaṭḥ) to roam, rove, stray

شطحة šaṭḥa pl. شطحات šaṭaḥāt escapade

شطر šaṭara ū (šaṭr) to halve, divide into two (equal) parts, bisect, cut through (هـ s.th.); to out off, sever (هـ s.th.); -- شطر بصره (baṣaruhū) u (شطور šuṭūr) to be squint-eyed; -- šaṭara u (شطور šuṭūr, شطورة šuṭūra, شطارة šaṭāra) to withdraw, separate, disassociate o.s. (عن from); - - šaṭara u, šaṭura u (شطارة šaṭāra) to be sly, cunning, artful, shrewd; to be clever, smart, bright, skillful, adroit II to halve, divide into two (equal) parts, to bisect, out through (هـ s.th.) III to halve, share by halves, share equally (ه with s.o., s.th.), go halves (ه with s.o.); to participate, take part (هـ in s.th.), share (هـ s.th.) | شاطره آراءه، فرحه (ārā’ahū, faraḥahū) to share s.o.’s views, s.o.’s joy V to manifest slyness, cleverness, smartness, adroitness, skill VII to divide, split (هـ into, intrans.)

شطر šaṭr partition, division, separation, halving, bisecting; -- (pl. شطور šuṭūr, اشطر ašṭur) a half, moiety; hemistich; portion, share, lot; direction; šaṭra in the direction of ..., toward | قصد شطره to move toward s.o., walk up to s.o.; ولى انظاره شطره (wallā anẓārahū) to direct one’s glances toward s.o.; ولى وجهه شطره (wajhahū) to turn one’s face toward s.th.

شطرة šiṭra side, half

شطارة šaṭāra slyness cunningness shrewdness, adroitness, skill, cleverness, smartness

شطيرة šaṭīra sandwich; schnitzel, steak

مشاطرة mušāṭara participation, sharing

انشطار inšiṭār fission, splitting, cleavage, division, separation

شطر šāṭir pl. شطار šuṭṭār sly, cunning, shrewd; scoundrel, villain; clever, smart, bright, adroit, skillful

شطرنج šiṭranj, šaṭranj chess | لوحة الشطرنج lauḥat aš-š. chessboard

شطف šaṭafa u (šaṭf) to rinse (under flowing water), clean with water, wash (هـ s.th.)

شطف šuṭfa piece, chunk, lump; (pl, شطف šutaf) flint (of a gunlook. eg.)

شطفة šiṭfa splinter, chip, sliver

1 شطن šaṭana u (šaṭn) to fasten, attach, tie, bind (هـ ب s.th. with a rope)

2 شيطان and تشيطن see شيطن (alphabetically)

شظف šaẓafa u (šaẓf) to castrate

شظف šaẓaf pl. شظاف šiẓāf discomfort, hardship, difficulty; ruggedness of life | اقام على شظف العيش (š. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of hardships

شظف šaẓif hard, harsh, rough, rugged, austere (life, character)

شظي šaẓiya a (šaẓan) to be splintered, be shattered, splinter, shiver V do.

شظية šaẓīya pl. šaẓīy, شظايا šaẓāyā splinter, sliver, chip; shinbone; bone

شع ša‘‘a i (ša‘‘, شعاع ši‘ā’) to disperse, scatter, diffuse, spread; to beam, radiate, flash up IV to emit, spread, diffuse (هـ s.th.); to eradiate (هـ s.th.); to emit rays or beams, radiate, beam V to emit rays or beams, radiate, beam, eradiate

شع šu‘‘ rays, beams; spokes

شعاع ša‘ā’ distracted, confused, bewildered, perplexed | طار فؤاده (روحه) شعاعا his mind became confused, bewildered or perplexed

شعاع šu‘ā’ (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اشعة aši‘‘a rays, beams; spokes; horizontal wooden crosspieces (on a door or window) | الأشعة فوق البنفسجية (banafsajīya) the ultraviolet rays; الأشعة الي تحت الأحمر the infra-red rays; صورة اشعة X-ray photograph, roentgenogram; O فاعلية الأشعة radioactivity

اشعاع iš‘ā’ pl. -āt radiation, eradiation

اشعاعي iš‘ā‘ī radiative, radiational | O ذو نشاط اشعاعي (našāṭ) radioactive

تشعع taša‘‘u‘ radiation, eradiation | التشعع الحراري (ḥarārī) radiation of heat; التشعع الشمسي (šamsī) solar radiation

مشع muši‘‘ radiating, radiant; emitting rays, radiative; O radioactive

O مشعة muši‘‘a radiator

شعب ša‘aba a (ša‘b) to gather, assemble, rally (هم people, هـ s.th.); to disperse, scatter (هم people, هـ s.th.) II to form branches, to branch; to branch (out), ramify, divide into branches or subdivisions (هـ s.th.) V to branch (out), ramify; to b. subdivided, form subdivisions; to diverge, move in different directions, part company, separate, split, break up, become disunited, disorganized, disrupted; to branch off (عن from); to result (عن from) VIII to branch out, ramify; to branch off

شعب ša‘b pl. شعوب šu‘ūb people, folk; nation; tribe; race

شعبي ša‘bī national, people’s; popular, folksy, folk- (in compounds) | الجبهة الشعبية (jabha) popular front; ديموقراطية شعبية people’s democracy (in Marxist terminology)

شعبية ša‘bīya popularity

شعوبي šu‘ūbī adherent of the شعوبية , see below

الشعوبية aš-šu‘ūbīya a movement within the early Islamic commonwealth of nations which refused to recognize the privileged position of the Arabs

شعب ši‘b pl. شعاب ši‘āb mountain path, mountain trail; gorge, ravine, canyon; gulf, abyss; reef

شعبة ši‘ba reef

شعبة šu‘ba pl. شعب šu‘ab, شعاب ši‘āb branch, bough, limb, ramification; shoot, twig, sprig, spray; prong, tine; (sub-) division, section, department, branch, cell; field of study, discipline (e.g., at a university); part, portion; (pl. شعب šu‘ab) bronchus | التهاب الشعب bronchitis (med.)

شعبي šu‘abī bronchial

شعيب ša‘īb disrupted, disorganized, disunited, scattered, dispersed

شعبان ša‘bān2 Shaban, name of the eighth month of the Mohammedan year

اشعب aš‘ab2 name of a legendary miser, hence, said of s.o. extremely niggardly: اطمع من اشعب greedier than Aš‘ab

اشعبي aš‘abī extremely miserly, avaricious, or greedy; (pl. -ūn) skinflint, miter, niggard | طمع اشعبي (ṭama‘) insatiable greed

تشعب taša‘‘ub ramification, branching, branching off; disruption, split(ting), disunion

انشعاب inši‘āb ramification, branching, branching off; disruption, split(ting), disunion

متشعب mutaša‘‘ib ramified, branching; manifold, diverse; many-sided, versatile (متشعب m. al-janabāt)

شعبذ ša‘bada to practice jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, or magic

شعبذة ša‘bada jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, magic

شعث ša‘itqa a (ša‘at) to be or become disheveled, unkempt, matted (hair) II to dishevel, ruffle (هـ the hair) V to become disheveled, ruffled (hair); to disintegrate, fall apart, decay (of buildings)

شعث ša‘at: لم شعثه lamma ša‘atahū to straighten out the muddled affairs of s.o., help s.o. to get back on his feet; to struggle back to one’s feet, “pick up”, recover

شعث ša‘it matted, disheveled, unkempt (hair); having matted, unkempt hair

شعوذ look up alphabetically

شعر ša‘ara u (شعور šu‘ūr) to know (ب s.th., ان that), have knowledge, be cognizant (ب of); to come to know, realize, notice (ب s.th., ان that); to perceive, feel, sense (ب s.th., ان that), be conscious, be aware (ب of s.th.); -- (ši‘r) to make or compose poetry, poetize, versify | لم يشعر الا بـ (illā bi-), لم يشعر الا و (illā wa-) and ما شعر الا بـ..., ما شعر الا و before be even realized it, there was all of a sudden ; then, all of a sudden, there was ..., it happened that … IV to let (ه s.o.) know (ب or هـ s.th., of or about s.th.), notify, inform (ب or هـ ه s.o. of or about), give notice or information (ه to s.o., ب or هـ of or about), impart (ه to s.o., ب or هـ s.th.) X to fee), sense, notice, perceive, realize (ب, هـ s.th.), be conscious, be aware (هـ of): to be filled (هـ with a feeling)

شعر ša‘r, ša‘ar (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اشعار, شعور šu‘ūr, شعار ši‘ār hair; bristles; fur, pelt

شعرة ša‘ra (n. un.) pl. -āt a hair | لا قدر شعرة (qadra š.) not by a hair’s breadth

شعري ša‘rī, ša‘arī hairy, hirsute, hair (adj.)

شعرية ša‘rīya pl. -āt wire grille, wire netting, lattice work; O (without pl.) capillarity | شعرية الشباك š. aš-šabbāk (latticed) window shade, jalousie

شعرية ši‘rīya vermicelli

شعراني ša‘rānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy

شعر ši‘r knowledge | ليت شعري laita ši‘rī I wish I knew ...! would that I knew ...! -- (pl. اشعار aš‘ār) poetry; poem

شعري ši‘rī poetic(al)

شعرى ša‘rā pl. شعارى ša‘ārā scrub country

الشعرى aš-ši‘rā Sirius, Dog Star (astrron.)

شعار ši‘ār pl. شعر šu‘ur, اشعرة aš‘ira password, watchword; slogan; motto, device; mark, token, sign; signal; distinguishing mark or feature, characteristic, emblem, badge | شعار تجاري I ši‘ār (tijārī) trade mark

شعير ša‘īr (coll.) barley; (n. un. ة ) barleycorn | شعير لؤلؤي (lu’lu’ī) pearl barley; شعيرة الجفن š. al-jafn sty (med.)

O شعيرة ša‘īra bead (of a gun sight, mil.; Syr.)

شعيرات دموية šu‘airāt damawīya blood capillaries (biol.)

شعيرية ša‘īrīya vermicelli

شعور šu‘ūr knowledge, cognizance; consciousness, awareness; perception, discernment; perceptive faculty; sensation; sentiment; feeling; perceptiveness, sensitivity, sensibility; mood | على غير شعور منه (gairi šu‘ūrin) without his being aware of it; غاب عن الشعور to lose consciousness; فاقد الشعور unconscious, insensible; الشعور بالنفس (nafs) self-consciousness; الشعور بالذات do.; دقة الشعور diqqat aš-š. sensitivity, sensibility; الشعور المشترك (muštarak) community spirit, communality, solidarity; عديم الشعور unreeling, insensitive

شعوري šu‘ūrī conscious; emotional | لا شعوري unconscious, subconscious

شعارى ša‘ārā (pl.) goats

شعيرة ša‘īra pl. شعائر ša‘ā’ir2 religious ceremony, rite, cultic practice; pl. also: places of worship, cultic shrines

اشعر aš‘ar hairy, hirsute, long-haired, shaggy

شعرور šu‘rūr poetaster, versifier, rhymester

شويعر šuwai‘ir poetaster, venifier, rhymester

شعر maš‘ar pl. مشاعر mašā‘ir2 cultic shrine for ceremonies of the hadj; sensory organ; pl. senses, feelings, sensations | المشعر الحرام (ḥarām) the hadj station of Muzdalifa east of Mecca

اشعار iš‘ār pl. -āt notification, information (ب of, about), notice

شاعر šā‘ir knowing (by instinctive perception), endowed with deeper insight, with intuition; (pl. الشعراء šu‘arā’2) poet

شاعرية šā‘irīya pl. -āt poetry; poetical work, poetization; poetical talent; poet-ship

شواعر šawā‘ir attacks, diatribes, invectives, calumnies, defamations

مشعور maš‘ūr split, cracked; mad, crazy, idiotic

مشعراني muš‘irānī hairy, hirsute, shaggy

شعشع ša‘ša‘a to mix with water, dilute (هـ a beverage); to shine, beam, radiate, glitter

شعشع muša‘ša‘ half drunk, tipsy, fuddled

شعط ša‘aṭa a to scorch, sear, singe

شعفة ša‘fa pl. شعاف ši‘āf summit, top, peak

شعل ša‘ala a (ša‘l), II and IV to light, kindle, ignite, inflame, set on fire (هـ s.th.), set fire (هـ to s.th.); to set ablaze, fan (هـ s.th.) VIII to catch fire, start burning, ignite, bum, flame, blaze, flare up, break out (fire) | اشتعل غضبا (gaḍaban) to be flaming with rage; اشتعل رأسه شيبا (šaiban) his hair was, or turned, white

شعلة šu‘la pl. شعل šu‘al fire, blaze, flame; torch

مشعل maš‘al, مشعلة maš‘ala pl. مشاعل mašā‘il2 torch

مشعال miš‘āl torch

مشاعلي mašā‘ilī pl. مشاعلية mašā‘ilīya torch bearer; hangman, executioner

اشعال iš‘āl lighting, kindling, ignition, setting on fire, fanning

اشتعال išti‘āl ignition, inflammation, combustion, burning

مشتعل mušta‘il burning, ablaze, on fire

شعنينة ša‘nīna pl. شعانين ša‘ānīn2 palm branch | احد (عيد) الشعانين aḥad (‘īd) al-š. Palm Sunday (Chr.)

شعواء ša‘wā’2 (used attributively with غارة gāra, حرب ḥarb, حملة ḥamla, and the like) large-scale, devastating everything (over a wide area)

شعوذ šawada to practice jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of band, or magic arts

شعوذة ša‘wada pl. -āt jugglery, legerdemain, sleight of hand; magic, magic arts; humbug, swindle, tricks

مشعوذ muša‘wid juggler, conjurer, magician, practitioner of legerdemain; swindler, trickster (f. مشعوذة )

شغب šagaba, šagiba a (šagb, šagab) to disturb the peace, make trouble, stir up riots, cause an uproar, riot; to provoke discord, dissension, or controversy (among ب, على, ه ) III to make trouble, disturb the peace; to rebel (على against), mutiny

شغب šagab, šagb unrest, trouble, disturbance, discord, dissension; riot, commotion, uproar, strife, tumult; brawl, fight, broil, fracas; row, wrangle, contention, quarrel, controversy

شغب šaggāb troublemaker, agitator, subverter

شغوب šagūb causing much noise and unrest, riotous, turbulent, troublous

مشاغب mašāgib2 troubles, disorders, disturbances

مشاغبة mušāgaba pl. -āt disorder, disturbance, trouble, riot, uproar; rebellion (على against); discord, dissension, row, wrangle, quarrel, controversy

مشاغب mašāgib pl. -ūn troublemaker, agitator, subverter, rioter, mischief-maker

شغر šagara II (شغور šugūr) to be devoid of fortifications, be unprotected (country); to be free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat, position)

شغور šugūr vacancy (of a position)

شاغر šāgir empty and unprotected (of a country); free, vacant, unoccupied, open (seat, position); شواغر šawāgir2 vacancies

شغف šagafa a (šagf) (to hit, or affect, the pericardium, i.e.) to infatuate, enamor, fill with ardent passion (ه s.o.); pass. شغف به (حبا ) šugifa bihī (ḥubban) to love s.o. or s.th. passionately, be madly in love with s.o., be infatuated with or enamored of s.o., be extremely fond of s.th. VII انشغف به = šugifa bihī

شغف šagaf pericardium; passionate love, passion, sensual desire; infatuation, enamoredness, amorousness; ardent zeal, craze, love, passion

شغف šagif madly in love, infatuated (ب with), enamored (ب of), fascinated (ب by)

شغاف šigāf pericardium

شغوف šagūf obsessed with fervent affection (ب for); madly in love, infatuated (ب with), enamored (ب of)

مشغوف mašgūf passionately fond (ب of), madly in love, infatuated (ب with), enamored (ب of), fascinated (ب by)

شغل šagala a (šagl, šugl) to occupy, busy (ه ب s.o. with); to preoccupy (ه s.o.), keep (ه s.o.) busy, give (ه s.o.) trouble; to distract, divert, alienate (ه عن s.o. from s.th.).; to occupy, fill, hold, have (هـ office, seat, position); to take up, fill (هـ s.th.), engage, engross (هـ the attention); to engage, tie down (هـ forces of the opponent); -- pass. šugila to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be busy (ب with), be engaged in; to be taken up, occupied (ب by, e.g., ground by buildings); شغل به عن to be distracted by s.th. from | شغل نفسه ب to occupy o.s., busy o.s. with, work at, attend to; شغل البال to disquiet, discomfit, make uneasy, trouble, disturb; شغل الوقت ل (waqt) to devote tim, to II to busy, occupy (ه s.o.), engage, engross (هـ s.th.); to employ (ه s.o.), provide employment (ه for s.o.); to put (ه s.o.) to work, make (هـ a machine) work, put in operation, make run, start (هـ a machine); to make, produce, manufacture, fabricate (هـ s.th.); to invest (هـ money) III to hold in play, keep occupied, divert (ه s.o.); to distract (ه s.o.) IV to occupy, busy, employ (ه s.o.); to occupy, hold, fill, have ( an office, a position); to fill, take up (ه s.th.), engage, engross (هـ the attention); to cover (ب هـ a space with a building or buildings), occupy, take up, fill (ب هـ a space with); to take, take up, require (هـ time); to engage, tie down (هـ forces of the opponent); to distract, divert, alienate, entice away (ه عن from) | اشغل البال to disquiet, discomfit, make uneasy, trouble, disturb, preoccupy VI to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be preoccupied (ب with), be engaged (ب in), attend, devote o.s. (ب to s.th.); to pretend to be busy VII to occupy o.s., busy o.s. be occupied or busy, be preoccupied (ب with); to be concerned (ب about) VIII to busy o.s. occupy o.s. be occupied or busy (ب or في with), be engaged (ب or في in), attend, devote o.s. (في or في to s.th.); to work; to study (Jo under or with); to work, run, operate, be in operation, be in motion (machine, and the like) | اشتغل قلبه (qalbuhū) to be uneasy, apprehensive, worried; اشتغل به عن to be distracted by s.th. from

شغل šugl occupancy, filling, taking up; detention, prevention, distraction (عن from); -- (pl. اشتغال ištigāl, شغول šugūl) occupation, activity; work, job; business, concern | شاغل شغل that which ie uppermost in one’s mind, chief or foremost concern; s.th. which preoccupies s.o.’s mind or distracts s.o. (عن from); اشغال شاقة (šāqqa) hard labor; اشغال عامة (‘āmma) or اشغال عمومية (‘umūmīya) public works; شغل يدوي (yadawī) handwork; manual labor; شغل يد š. yad (colloq., used appositionally) handmade; في شغل preoccupied (من with), concerned (من about); في شغل ب busy, occupied with; كان في شغل عن to be too busy or preoccupied (ب with) to be able to attend to s.th.; الزم شغلك ilzam šuglaka mind your own business!

شغال šaggāl very busy; hard-working, industrious, diligent, laborious, active; being in operation, running (of a machine); (pl. -ūn) worker, workman, laborer

شغيل šaggīl pl. ة (syr.) worker, workman, laborer, (lowly) employee

شاغول šāgūl mainsheet (of a sailing vessel)

مشغل mašgal pl. مشا āغل mašāgil2 workshop; workhouse

شغلة pl. مشاغل mašāgil2 occupation, avocation, activity, business, concern, work, job; effort, exertion; diversion, distraction, preoccupation, disturbance

تشغيل tašgīl employment, occupation; providing of employment, provision of work; hiring (of s.o., as a worker); opening, starting, putting into operation; production, manufacture, making; investment (of money)

انشغال inšigāl (state of) being busy or occupied; occupation, activity; overcharge, overwork; apprehension, concern, anxiety

اشتغال ištigāl (state of) being busy or occupied; work, occupation (ب or في with, at); syntactical regimen, government (of a word by another; gram.)

شاغل šāgil pl. شواغل šawāgil that which preoccupies s.o., engrosses s.o.’s attention, takes up s.o.’s time; occupation, activity; object of concern or worry; pl. شواغل distractions, preoccupations | وجد شاغلا عنه في be found distraction from it in …; هو في الف شاغل عن (alfi šāgilin) he had a thousand other things to think of than ...; كان اكبر شاغل له (akbara šāgilin) it was his greatest worry

مشغول mašgūl busy, occupied (ب with); distracted, diverted (عن from); occupied, taken (seat, space); busy, occupied (telephone line, and the like); worked on, processed | مشغول البال anxious, apprehensive, concerned, worried; المشغولات الذهبية والفضية (dahabīya, fiḍḍīya) gold and silver work

مشغولية mašgūlīya anxiety, apprehension, concern

مشغل mušaggal employee, worker

مشتغل muštagil busy, occupied (ب or في with); in operation, running (of a machine)

شفة šafa pl. شفاه šifāh, شفوات šafawāt lip; rim, edge | الشفة العليا (‘ulyā) upper lip, الشفة السفلى (suflā) lower lip; شفة الأرنب š. a1-arnab harelip; بنت شفة bint š. word

شفاهي , شفاها, شفهى and مشافهة see شفه

شفوي see شفو

1 شفائف šafā’if2, شفايف šafāyif2 lips

2 شف šaffa i (شفوف šufūf, شفيف šafīf, شفف šafaf) to be thin, flimsy; to be transparent, diaphanous, translucid, pellucid; to let (عن s.th.) shimmer through, reveal, disclose, betray (عن s.th.) VIII to drink up, drain, empty (هـ s.th.); to eat up, devour (هـ s.th.) X to look (هـ through s.th., e.g.. through a piece of fabric in order to ascertain its quality); to have a glimpse (هـ of s.th.), hope (هـ for s.th.); to try to see (هـ through s.th.), seek to penetrate (هـ s.th.); to perceive, discern, make out (هـ s.th.); to shimmer (من through s.th.), show (من through s.th.); to manifest itself, become tangible, perceptible, noticeable

شف šaff, šiff pl. شفوف šufūf diaphanous fabric, gauze

شفف šafaf transparency, translucence, diaphaneity

شفيف šafīf thin, flimsy, translucent, transparent, diaphanous

شفوف šufūf transparancy, translucence, diaphaneity

شفافة šufāfa the rest in the glass

شفاف šaffāf thin, flimsy, translucent, transparent, diaphanous

شفافية šaffāfīya transparency, translucence, diaphaneity

شفت šift pl. شفوت šufūt (eg.) pincers, tweezers

شفتر šaftara to pout, sulk

شفتورة šaftūra thick lip

شفتشي see جفتجي

شفتلك see جفتلك

1 شفر šafr pl. اشفار ašfār palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim, border, fringe

شفر šufr pl. اشفار ašfār palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow, (outer) edge of the eyelid; edge, rim, border. fringe; -- labium (anat.)

شفرة šafra pl. šafarāt, شفار šifār large knife; blade (of a sword, of a knife); razor blade; (pl. شفار ) brink, edge, verge | على شفرة الهاوية on the brink of the abyas

شفير šafīr palpebral margin from which the eyelashes grow; (outer) edge of the eyelids; edge, rim, border, fringe

مشفر mišfar pl. مشافر mašāfir2 flew, chap; trunk, snout, proboscis

2 شفر (Fr. chiffre) cipher, code

شفري šifrī ciphered, coded, in code

شفرة šifra cipher, code

شفشف šafšafa to dry, dry out, parch, drain (هـ s.th.)

شفط la/ala to suck, suck up, absorb; to empty, drain; to sip

شفاطة šaffāṭa pl. -āt siphon | O شفاطة الغبار š. al-gubār vacuum cleaner

شفع šafa‘a a (šaf‘) to double (هـ s.th.); to attach, add, subjoin (هـ ب to s.th. s.th.), enclose (هـ ب in s.th. s.th.); to give the (right of) pre-emption (ه ب to s.o. on s.th.), grant (ه s.o.) the lint refusal (ب of s.th.); -- (شفاعة šafā‘a) to mediate, use one’s good offices, put in a good word, intercede, intervene, plead (ل or في for or on behalf of s.o., الى with s.o. else) V to mediate, use one’s good offices, put in a good word, intercede, intervene, plead (ل الى or في for or on behalf of s.o. with s.o. else)

شفع šaf‘ pl. اشفاع ašfā‘, شفاع šifā‘ either part of a pair; even number

شفع šaf‘ diplopia, double vision of a single object

شفعي šaf‘ī even (of a number)

شفعة šuf‘a (right of) pre-emption

شفيع šafī‘ pl. شفعاء šufa‘ā’2 mediator, intercessor, advocate; patron saint (Chr.); holder of the right of pre-emption, preemptor

شفاعة šafā‘a mediation, intercession, advocacy

شافع šāfi‘ mediator, intercessor, advocate; holder of the right of pre-emption, pre-emptor

الشافععي aš-šāfi‘ī founder of one of the four orthodox Islamic schools of theology; شافعي Shafiitic; (pl. -ūn, شوافع šawāfi‘) adherent of the Shafiitic school, Shafiite

مشفوع mašfū‘ accompanied (ب by), attended, combined (ب with)

شفق IV to pity, commiserate (على s.o.), feel pity (على for), sympathize (على with); to be concerned (ان that, على about) worry (ان that, على about), fear (ان that, على for, من s.o., s.th.), be apprehensive, feel anxiety (على about, من as a result of); to shun, shirk (من s.th.), beware (من of), be on one’s guard (من against)

شفق šafaq evening glow, twilight, dusk | الشفق الجنوبي (janūbī) aurora australis; الشفق الشمالي (šamālī) aurora borealis; الشفق القطبي (quṭbī) polar light; شفق الآلهة Twilight of the Gods

شفقة šafaqa compassion, commiseration, pity, sympathy, kind(li)ness, tenderness, affectionateness, solicitude, loving care | عديم الشفقة pitiless, merciless

شفوق šafūq compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)

شفيق šafīq compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, tender, solicitous, kind(ly)

اشفاق išfāq compassion, pity, sympathy; tenderness, affectionateness; care, solicitude; concern, worry, anxiety, apprehension

شافن šāfin proud

شفه III to speak (mouth to mouth) (ه to s.o.)

شفه pl. شفاه, شفوات see 2 شف

شفهي šafahī lip-, labio- (in compounds), labial; oral; الشفهي orals (= oral examination); شفهيا šafahīyan orally | الحروف الشفهية the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)

شفاها šifāhan orally

شفاهي šifāhī oral; الشفاهي the orals (= oral examination); شفاهيا šifāhīyan orally

مشافهة mušāfahatan orally

شفو IV to be very close (على to s.th.), be on the verge, on the brink of s.th. (على) | اشفى به على حافة اليأس (ḥāffat al-ya’s) he brought him to the brink of despair

شفا šafan pl. شفاء ašfā’ edge, rim, border, brink, verge

شفوي šafawī lip-, labio- (in compounds), labial; oral; شفويا šafawīyan orally | الحروف الشفوية the labials b, f, m, w (phon.)

مشف mušfin moribund, doomed to death

شفى šafā i (شفاء šifā’) to cure (ه من s.o. of a disease), heal (ه من s.o. of a disease, هـ a wound), make (ه s.o.) well, restore (ه s.o.) to health; -- pass. šufya to be healed, be cured, be restored to health, recover, convalesce, recuperate; to heal, heal up (wound) | شفي غلته (غليله ) (gullatahū) to quench one’s thirst, gratify one’s desire, satisfy one’s thirst for revenge; شفي غيظه من (gaiẓahū) to vent one’s anger on s.o., take it out on s.o. V and VIII to be cured, be healed, be restored to health (ب by); to take revenge, avenge o.s., satisfy one’s thirst for revenge, vent one’s anger, take it out (من on) X to seek a cure

شفاء šifā’ cure, healing, restoration, recovery, recuperation, convalescence; satisfaction, gratification; (pl. اشفية ašfiyah, اشاف ašāfin) remedy, medicament, medication, medicine | قابل للشفاء curable

شفائي `sifā’ī healing, curative, medicative

مشفى mašfan pl. مشاف mašāfīn2 hospital

تشف tašaffin gratification of one’s thirst for revenge, satisfaction

استشفاء istišfā’ seeking of a cure; cure, (course of) treatment

شاف šāfin healing, curative, medicative, salutary; satisfactory, clear, unquivocal (of an answer)

مستشفى mustašfā pl. مستشفيات mustaštayāt hospital; field hospital; sanitorium | مستشفى المجاذيب insane asylum, mental hospital

شق šaqqa u (šaqq) to split, cleave, part, tear, rend, rip (هـ s.th.); to break (هـ s.th.); to plow, till, break up (هـ the ground); هـ to furrow, traverse, cross (هـ s.th.); to pass go, travel (هـ through a region); to break (dawn); -- (شقوق šuqūq) to break forth, shoot up, sprout (plant), break through, erupt (tooth); -- (šaqq, مشقة mašaqqa) to be heavy, oppressive, burden some unbearable (على for s.o.); to grieve, trouble (على s.o.); to molest, harass inconvenience (على s.o.), be troublesome, cumbersome (على for s.o.); to visit (على s.o.). call (على upon s.o.) | شقت جيبه (jaibahā) to tear the front of the garment as a sign of mourning (woman); شق سبيلا to cut, or open, a way for o.s.; شق السكون to break the silence; شق شارعا (طريقا ) to build a street (a road); شق طريقه to force one’s way, plow ahead; شق طريقا جديدا to open up, or enter upon, a new path

(fig.); شق العصا (‘aṣā) to part from the community, break with the community; شق عصا الطاعة (‘aṣā ṭ-ṭā‘a) to rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance; شق عصا القوم (‘aṣā l-qaum) to sow discord among people; ما شق غبارهم (gubārahum) he did not reach their mark; لا يشق غباره (yušaqqu gubaruhū) he is unsurpassable, he is incomparable, there is no one like him II to split (هـ s.th.); to tear open, rip open, slit open (هـ s.th.) V to be split, be cleft; to split, crack, bunt; to be cracked VII to be split, be cleft; to split, crack, burst; to split off, separate, segregate, secede, break away, withdraw (عن from), break (عن with), renounce (عن s.th.); to become a schismatic (Chr.); to break (dawn) | انشقت عصاهم (‘aṣāhum) they fell out (with one another); انشقت مرارته (marāratuhū) he exploded (with anger), he blew his top VIII to derive (هـ من word from)

شق šaqq pl. شقوق šuqūq fissure, crack, chink, crevice, rift, cleft, crevasse, chasm, split, rent, tear, rip, gap, slit, slot; half, moiety; -- fission, splitting, cracking, cleavage | شق الذرة š. ad-darra atomic fission

شق šiqq half, side, part, portion; trouble, difficulty, hardship | شق المعارضة š. al-mu‘āraḍa opposition party; لا الا بشق الأنفس (illā bi-šiqqi l-anfus), بشق النفس only with great effort, with great difficulty, barely

شقة šaqqa rift, tear, rip, fissure, crack, split, crevice

شقة šiqqa pl. شقق šiqaq, شقاق šiqāq a half, moiety; piece; splinter; trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult journey; destination of a journey; distance

شقة šiqqa, šaqqa pl. شقق šiqaq apartment, flat, split-level apartment; compertmeut (in a train)

شقة šuqqa pl. شقق šuqaq trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship; difficult journey; destination of a journey; distance | بعد الشقة bu‘d aš-šuqqa (and aš-šiqqa) large or wide distance; بعيد الشقة b. aš-šiqqa (and aš-šiqqa) far away, distant, remote

شقيق šaqīq a half, moiety; (pl. اشقة ašiqqa, اشقاء ašiqqā’) full brother, brother on the paternal and maternal side; (attributively) brother-, sister-; -- anemone | القطر الشقيق (quṭr) the brother country; الدول الشقيقة (duwal) the sister states (esp. with reference to Arab countries)

شقيقة šaqīqa pl. -āt, شقائق šaqā’iq2 full sister, sister on the paternal and maternal side; hemicrania, migraine | شقائق النعمان š. an-nu‘mān red anemones (bot.)

اشق ašaqq2 more troublesome, more tiresome, more difficult, harder

مشقة mašaqqa pl. -āt, مشاق mašāqq2 trouble, toil, labor, difficulty, hardship

شقاق šiqāq disunity, dissension, discord

انشقاق inšiqāq separation, segregation, dissociation, spilt; schism (Chr.); dissension, discord, disunion

اشتقاق ištiqāiq derivation, etymology (of a word)

شاق šāqq troublesome, tiresome, wearisome, cumbersome, tiresome, tedious, fatiguing, arduous, onerous, difficult, hard | اشغال شاقة hard labor

مشاق mušāqq schismatic (Chr.)

مشتق muštaqq pl. -āt derivative (gram.)

شقح IV to send far away, remove to a distant place (ه s.o.)

شقذف šuqduf pl. شقاذف šaqādif2 a kind of sedan

شقر šaqira a (šaqar) and šaqura u (شقرة šuqra) to be of fair complexion, be light skinned; to be blond, fair-haired

شقر šaqar fair-complexionedness; blondness

شقرة šuqra fair-complexionedness; blondness; redness

اشقر ašqar2, f. شقراء šaqrā’2, pl. شقر šuqr fair-complexioned, light skinned; blond, fair-haired; reddish

شقرق saqraqa to be gay, cheerful, be exhilarated, amuse o.s.

شقشق šaqšaqa to twitter, peep, chirp; to babble (ب s.th.); to peep, break (dawn) | شقشق بالحديث عن to chat, chatter about s.th.

شقشقة šaqšaqa pl. -āt twitter(ing), peopling), chirp(ing); (silly) prattle; pl. شقاشق šaqāšiq2 rigmarole, rambling talk | شقشقة اللسان (silly) prattle; شقشقة النهار s. an-nahār daybreak, peep of dawn

شقشقة šiqšiqa pl. شقاشق šaqāšiq2 faucal bag of the camel

شقف šaqaf (coll.; n. un. ة ) (pot)sherds

شقافة šuqāfa (pot)sherds

1 شاقل šāqil shekel

2 شاقول šāqūl plumbline, plummet

شقلب šaqlaba to turn things upside down, upset things II tašaqlaba to be upset, be toppled; to turn a somersault

شقلبة šaqlaba pl. -āt somersault

(شقو and شقي) شقا šaqā u (شقو šaqw) to make (ه s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretched, distress (ه s.o.); -- شقي šaqiya a (شقاء šaqā’, شقاوة saqāwa, شقوة šaqwa) to be unhappy, miserable, wretched, distressed; to have trouble (ب with, in s.th.) IV to make (ه s.o.) unhappy, miserable, wretched, distress (ه s.o.)

شقاء šaqā’ and شقا saqan misfortune, distress, misery, wretchedness, pain, suffering; hardship, trouble, toil, drudgery

شقي šaqīy pl. اشقياء ašqiyā’2 unhappy, unlucky, miserable, wretched, distressed; damned; wretch, villain, culprit, criminal, scoundrel, rogue; nasty, naughty, mischievous

شقوة šaqwa misfortune, distress, misery

شقاوة saqāwa misfortune, distress, misery; mischief, nastiness, naughtiness

1 شك šakka u (šakk) to pierce, transfix (ه s.o. ب with); to impale, spit (هـ ب s.th. on); to prick, stab (هـ s.th.); to doubt (ب or في s.o., s.th.); to distrust, suspect, question (ب or في s.o., s.th.), entertain doubts, have misgivings (ب or في about s.o., about s.th.); to be skeptical II to make (ه s.o.) doubt (في s.th.), fill (ه s.o.) with doubt, misgivings, skepticism, suspicion (في about) V to doubt (ب or في s.o., s.th.), have doubts (ب or في about); to be skeptical, have misgivings

شك šakk pl. شكوك šukūk doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, misgiving | بلا شك (bi-lā), لا شك (šakka), ولا شك wa-lā šakka, من دون شك min dūni šakk without doubt, doubtless, undoubtedly, indubitably, certainly, positively; لا سبيل الى الشك فيه (sabīla) doubtless, indubitable, beyond any doubt; لا يتطرق اليه الشك (yataṭarraqu, šakku) do.

شكة šakka stab, tšhrust, jab (with the point of a weapon)

تشكك tašakkuk doubt; skepticism

شاك šākk doubting, in doubt, skeptical | شاك السلاح or شاك في السلاح armed to the teeth, bristling with arms

مشكوك فيه maškūk fīhi doubtful, dubious, uncertain; مشكوك في امره (amrihī) suspect(ed)

2 شكك šakkaka (eg.) to sell on credit; to buy on credit; to borrow

شكك šukuk (eg.) on credit

3 شك (Fr. chèque) pl. شكات check

1 شكر šakara u (šukr, شكران šukrān) to thank (ل or ه s.o., على or ل or ه for s.th.), be thankful, grateful (ل or ه to s.o., على or ل or ه for s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (ل or ه s.o.) | يشكر عليه (yuškaru) worthy of thanks, deserving acknowledgment, meritorious, praiseworthy V to thank (هـ ل s.o. for s.th.), be thankful, grateful (هـ ل to s.o. for s.th.)

شكر šukr pl. شكور šukūr thankfulness, gratefulness, gratitude; thanks, acknowledgment; praise, laudation | شكرا لك šukran lak I thank you! thanks! شكره شكرا جزيلا to express many thanks to s.o.

شكري šukrī of thanks, thanking

شكران šukrān thankfulness, gratefulness, gratitude; thanks, acknowledgment; praise, laudation

شكور šakūr very thankful

شاكر šākir thankful, grateful

مشكور maškūr worthy of thanks, deserving acknowledgment, meritorious, praiseworthy

2 شكارة šikāra pl. شكائر šakā’ir2 (eg.) sack, gunny sack

3 شوكران look up alphabetically

4 شيكران look up alphabetically

شكس šakusa u (شكاسة šakāsa) and šakisa a (šakas) to be malicious, spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly III to pick a quarrel, to quarrel (ه with s.o.) VI to quarrel (with one another), be querulous, quarrelsome, petulant; to be incongruous

شكس šakis pl. شكس šuks malicious, spiteful, querulous, quarrelsome, peevish, petulant, ill-tempered, morose, surly, sullen, sulky, grumpy, unfriendly

شكاسة šakāsa malice, spite, querulousness, peevishness, petulance, ill-temperedneess, moroseness, surliness, sullenness, sulkiness, grumpiness, unfriendliness; rudeness

مشاكسة mušākasa pl. -āt quarrel, controversy, dispute, wrangle; plot, conspiracy; moroseness, surliness, grumpiness; petulance, nagging, querulousness

تشاكس tašākus incongruity, absurdity

شاكوش and شكوش look up alphabetically

شكل šakala u (šakl) to hobble (هـ بالشكال an animal with the šikāl, q.v.); to vowel, point, provide with vowel points (هـ a text); to be dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate, difficult II = I; to shape, fashion, form, create, mold, organize, build up (هـ s.th.); to diversify, vary, variegate (هـ s.th.), bring variety (هـ into s.th.) III to be similar (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ) IV to be dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, vague, obscure, intricate, difficult (على for s.o.) V to be formed, fashioned, shaped, molded, created, organized, built up, take form, take shape; to be variegated, shaded, graded, form various gradation; to materialize, appear in visible form (ل to s.o.) | تشكل بشكله (bi-šaklihī) to take on the shape of s.o., assume the form of s.th. X to regard as dubious (ه s.th.); = IV

شكل šakl pl. اشكال aškāl, شكول šukūl similarity, resemblance, likeness; outward appearance, figure, form, shape, build; form of perception, perceptual form (as opposed to matter or content; philos.); type, out, pattern; mode, manner; sort, kind, specimen; شكل vowelization, voweling; شكلا formally, in form | هم وأشكالهم they and the like of them

شكلي šaklī formal; pl. شكليات formalities

O شكلية šaklīya formalism

شكل šikl coquetry, coquettishness

شكلة šakila coquettish woman, coquette, flirt

شكلي šuklī quarrelsome, peevish

شكل šikal pl. -āt, شكل šukul fetter, hobble (for shackling the feet of a riding animal)

تشكيل taškīl pl. -āt forming, formation, shaping, molding, fashioning, creation, organization, building up; order of march (mil.); pl. تشكيلات formations; organizations

تشكيلة taškīla assortment, selection, variety; formation

مشاكلة mušākala similarity, resemblance, likeness

اشكال iškāl dubiosity, ambiguity, obscurity, vagueness

تشاكل tašākul similarity, resemblance

شاكلة šākila way, manner, mode; (pl. شواكل šawākil2) flank, side, groin | على شاكلة in the manner of, of the kind of, like, على شاكلتهم of their kind, like them; كان على شاكلتهم to be of the same kind, of the same strain as s.th.

مشكل mušakkal different, diverse, manifold, miscellaneous, variegated; vowel(iz)ed

مشكل muškil turbid, murky (liquid); dubious, ambiguous, equivocal, obscure, vague, hazy; difficult, intricate, involved, problematic; problem, unsolved question, issue; difficulty

مشكلة muškila pl. -āt, مشاكل mašākil2 problem, unsolved question, issue; difficulty

شكم šakama u (šakm) to bridle (هـ an animal); to bribe (ه s.o.); to silence, gag, muzzle (s.o.)

شكيمة šakīma pl. شكائم šakā’im2, شكم šukum, شكيم šakīm bit, curb, snaffle, bridoon; (pl. شكائم ) O brake (of a wheel); unruliness, unyieldingness obstinacy; contempt, disdain, scorn | شديد الشكيمة stubborn, obstinate, unyielding; قوة الشكيمة quwwat aš-š. energy; قوي الشكيمة qawīy aš-š. energetic, vigorous, active

شكه III to resemble (هـ s.th.), he like s.th. (هـ )

شكا (شكو ) šakā u (شكو šakw, شكوى šakwā, شكاة šakāh, شكاية šikāya, شكية šakīya) to complain (من or هـ, ه of, about, ل or الى to s.o., من or هـ of or about s.th.), make a complaint; to raise or lodge a complaint (من or هـ, ه of, about or against s.o., ل or الى with s.o.); to suffer (هـ from s.th.) V = I; VI to complain to one another (هـ of, about s.th.) VIII = I

شكوة šakwa complaint, grievance; (pl. شكوات šakawāt, شكاء šikā’) small skin (for water or milk)

شكوى šakwā pl. شكاوى šakāwā complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance

شكاة šakāh complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance

شكاية šikāya complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance

شكية šakīya complaint; accusation; suffering, grievance

شكاء šakkā’ given to complaining, querulous

مشكاة miškāh pl. مشكاوات miškāwāt, مشاك mašākin niche (for a lamp); lamp, pendent lamp

شاك šākin complainant, plaintiff | شاكي السلاح = شاك السلاح šākk as-s.

(منه) مشكو maškūw complained of, accused, charged; an accused, defendant

مشتك muštakin complainant, plaintiff

مشتكى عليه muštaka ‘alaihi complained of, accused, charged; an accused, defendant

شكوريا šikūriyā chicory

شكولاته šukūlāta (eg.), šikōlāta (syr.), chocolate

شاكوش and شكوش see شاكوش (alphabetically)

شل šalla a (šall, شلل šalal) to dry up, wither, become crippled, stunted; to be paralyzed, be lame; -- šalla u to paralyze (هـ s.th.) | شل حركته (ḥarakatahū) to overwhelm s.o., لا ring s.o. down IV to cause (هـ the hand) to wither; to paralyze (هـ s.th.); to neutralize, bring to a stand-still (هـ s.th.) VII to be paralyzed, be lamed

شلة šalla destination (of a journey)

شلة šilla pl. شلل šilal hank, skein (of yarn); coil, spool; party, group

شلل šalal paralysill, pelsy, paralyzation (also fig.) | شلل الأطفال š. al-aṭfāl, الشلل الطفلي (ṭiflī) infantile paralysis, poliomyelitis; الشلال الاهتزازي (ihtizāzī) paralysis agitans, Parkinson’s disease

شلال šallāl pl. -āt cataract, waterfall, rapids

اشل ašall2, f. شلاء šallā’2 withered, stunted (hand); paralyzed, lame; a paralytic

مشلول mašlūl paralyzed, lame

شلبي šalabī dandyish, foppish; dandy, fop; (pal.) nice, handsome, beautiful

1 شلت II to kick

2 شلتة šalta pl. -āt, شلت šilat mattress

شلح šalaḥa a (šalḥ) to take off (ثيابه tiyābahū one’s clothes); to shed the cloth (هـ ), renounce the ministry (monk, prieat) II to

undress, disrobe, strip (ه s.o.); to roh, plunder (ه s.o.)

مشلح mašlaḥ pl. مشالح mašāliḥ, (syr., nejd.) long, sowing cloak of wool or camel’s hair, also one with gold embroidery

تشليح tašlīḥ robbing, plundering, robbery

مشلح mušallaḥ dressing room (in a public bath)

شلشل šalšala to dribble, trickle

شلفة šilfa (razor) blade

1 شلق šalaqa u (šalq) to split lengthwise (هـ s.th.)

شلق bale (e.g., of hay)

2 شولقي šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth

شليك look up alphabetically

1 شولم look up alphabetically

2 شيلم look up alphabetically

شلن (Engl.) šilin pl. -āt shilling

شلو šilw pl. اشلاء ašlā’ corpse (esp. one in a state of decay); severed member (of the body); part torn off, fragment; remnant; stump of a limb

شليك (Turk. çilek) šilek (eg.) strawberries

شم šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a and (1st pers. perf. šamamtu) u (šamm, شميم šamīm) to smell, sniff (هـ s.th.); to snulf (هـ s.th.); to emanate, exude (من from) | شم النسيم (الهواء ) (hawā’a) to get a breath of fresh air, take a walk; -- šamma (1st pers. perf. šamimtu) a (شمم šamam) to behave proudly or haughtily, be proud, haughty, supercilious II to give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) to smell, let (ه s.o.) smell (هـ s.th.) IV – II V to savor the smell of s.th. (هـ ), sniff (هـ s.th.) | تشمم الأخبار to nose about for news VIII to smell, sniff (هـ s.th.); to gather, understand (من هـ s.th. from), read (من ه s.th. into)

شم šamm smelling; sense of smell, olfaction | شم النسيم Egyptian popular holiday on the Monday following the Greek Coptic Easter at the end of March, in April or in early May

شمة šamma pinch (of snuff); smell, odor; slight trace of s.th., whiff

شمي šammī olfactory

شمم šamam pride, haughtiness, superciliousness

شمام šammām pl. -ūn (tobacco) snuffer

شمام šammām (coll.; n. un. ة ) musk-melon, cantaloupe

اشم ašamm 2, f. شماء šammā’2, pl. شم šumm having a sensitive, or good, nose; supercilious, haughty; proud (in a complimentary sense); highborn; most honorable

الإشمام al-išmām the pronunciation of u with a trace of i, as rüdda for rudda, and vice versa, qǖla for qīla (gram.)

شامة šāmma sense of smell, olfaction

مشموم mašmūm musk

اشمأز (شمأز ) išma’azza = to contract, get contracted, shrink; to shrink back, recoil (من from), shudder (من at), abhor, detest (من s.th.), feel disgust (من for), be nauseated (من by)

اشمئزاز išmi’zāz shudder; disgust, aversion, repugnance

مشمئز mušma’izz disgusted, nauseated, revolted (من by)

شمبانيا (Fr.) šambanyā champagne

شمت šamita a (شمات šamāt, شماتة šamāta) to rejoice at the misfortune of s.o. (ب ), gloat over s.o.’s (ب ) mishaps, savor s.o.’s (ب ) bad luck II to disappoint (ه s.o.) IV to cause s.o. (ه ) to take malicious pleasure in the mishaps of another (ب )

شمات šamāt malicious joy, Schadenfreude

شماتة šaamāta malicious joy, Schadenfreude, malice

شامت šāmit pl. شمات šummāt, pl. f. شوامت šawāmit2 enjoying another’s misfortune, malicious, gloating

شمخ šamaka a (samk, شموخ šumūk) to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom (mountain, building); to disdain (على s.th.), turn up one’s nose (على at s.th.) | شمخ بأنفه (انفه ) (bi-anfihī, anfahū) to be arrogant, haughty, proud, supercilious VI to be high, tall, lofty, tower up, loom; to be boastful, put on airs; to be proud, haughty, supercilious

تشامخ tašāmuk pride, haughtiness, arrogance

شامخ šāmik pl. شمخ šummak, شوامخ šawāmik2 high, tall, lofty, towering; proud, haughty, supercilious | شامخ الأنف š. al-anf proud, haughty, supercilious, arrogant

متشامخ mutašāmik high, tall, lofty, towering; proud, haughty, supercilious; towering in lofty heights

مشمخر mušmakirr lofty, towering (of buildings)

شمر II to gather up, lift, roll up, tuck up, turn up (هـ a garment); to prepare, get ready | شمر للأمر to embark upon s.th., buckle down to s.th.; شمر عن ساعده to bare the upper arm (by rolling up the sleeve), get to work; شمر عن يد الجد (s. al-jidd) to buckle dawn to a job, rally all one’s forces, put one’s shoulder to the wheel V to set to work briskly

شمر šamar fennel (bot.)

شمرة šumra, šamra fennel

شمار šamār fennel

مشمر mušammir busily at work in (an activity)

شمروخ šumrūk pl. شماريخ šamārīk2 stalk with date cluster; date-palm panicle, branch stripped of its leaves; little stick; detonator, primer cap

اشمأز see شمأز

شمس šamasa u (شموس šumūs, شماس šimās) to be headstrong, balky, restive (of a horse); -- šamasa i u and šamisa a (šamas) to be sunny (day) II to expose (هـ s.th.) to the sun, lay ( هـ s.th.) out in the sun to dry; to perform the office of deacon (Chr.) IV to be sunny (day) V to bask, sun o.s., lie or sit in the sun

شمس šams f., pl. شموس šumūs sun | سمت الشمس samt aš-š. ecliptic (astron.); شروق الشمس sunrise; ضربة الشمس ḍarbat aš-š. sunstroke, heat prostration; عباد الشمس ‘abbād aš-š. sunflower; غروب الشمس sunset

شمسي šamsī sun- (in compounds), solar | الحروف الشمسية (gram.) the sun letters (which assimilate the l of the article); صورة شمسية (ṣūra) photograph, photo; التصوير الشمسي phtoography

شمسية šamsīya pl. -āt (colloq. شماسي šamāsī) sunshade, parasol; umbrella; curtain, screen; stop (of a wind instrument) | شمسية الشباك š. aš-ubbāk window curtain, drape; O شمسية الطيار š. aṭ-ṭayyār parachute

شموس šamūs pl. شمس šumus headstrong, balky, restive (horse)

شماس šammās pl. شممسة šamāmisa deacon of the lower rank of the ministry, nowadays, with unconsecrated persons frequently performing this office, corresponding to the sexton or sacristan (Chr.); acolyte and liturgical cantor of Oriental Christian rites (clerics and laymen)

شامس šamis sunny (day)

مشمس mušmis sunny (day)

شمشم šamšama to sniff (هـ s.th.)

شمط šamiṭa a (šamaṭ) to become gray, haired, turn gray

اشمط ašmaṭ2, f. شمطاء šamṭā’ 2, pl. شمط šumṭ, شمطان gray-haired

شمع II to rub, or smear, with wax, to wax (هـ s.th.) | شمع الفتلة (fatla) to slip away, abscond, make off, decamp

شمع šam‘, šama‘ (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. شموع šumū‘ wax; (wax) candles | الشمع الأحمر sealing wax; شمع الختم š. al-katm do.; شمع لتلميع الأرضية (li-talmī‘ al-araḍīya) floor wax

شمعة šam‘a, šama‘a (n. un.) (wax) candle | O شمعة الشرارة š. aš-šarāra spark plug

شمعي šam‘ī, šama‘ī waxy, waxen, ceraceous, cero- (in compounds), made of wax

شماع šammā‘ chandler, maker or seller of candles

شماعة šammā‘a clothes rack, clothes peg, hat rack

مشمع mušamma‘ waterproof, impermeable (of a garment); -- (pl. -āt) waterproof material; impregnated linen; waterproof cover or coating; oilcloth, wax cloth; linoleum | مشمع بتيومين للسقف (li-s-saqf) bituminous roof covering, roofing felt, tar paper; معطف مشمع (mi‘ṭaf) raincoat

شمعدان šam‘addān pl. -āt, شماعد šamā‘id2, شماعدين candlestick, candelabrum

يشمق look up alphabetically

1 شمل šamila a (šamal) and šamala u (šaml, شمول šumūl) to contain, comprise, comprehend, enclose (هـ s.th.); to imply, implicate, include (هـ s.th.); to touch, affect, fill, overcome, pervade (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., of feelings, emotions); to prevail, be general, universal | شمله بعنايته (bi-‘ināyatihī) to bestow one’s care on s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing V تشمل بالشملة to wrap o.s. in the šamla (q.v.) VIII = V; to wrap o.s. (هـ, ب in s.th.); to contain, comprise, comprehend, enclose, enfold, imply, implicate, include (على s.th.) | اشتمله السواد (sawādu) it was completely black

شمل šaml uniting, gathering, concentration; unity. union | جمع الشمل jam‘ aš-š. reunion, reunification; اجتماع الشمل reunion; unity, union; مزق شمله mazzaqa šamlahū to break up, dismember, dismantle, parcel s.th.; to partition s.th., divide s.th. up

شملة šamla pl. šamalāt cloak; turban | ام شملة ummu šamlata the world, the temporal joys

شمائل šamā’il2 (pl.) good qualities; character, nature

اشمل ašmal more comprehensive; more general, more universal

شامل šāmil comprehensive, exhaustive; general, universal, complete, total

مشمول mašmūl contained, comprised, included, implied | مشمول برعايته (bi-ri‘āyatihī) enjoying the protection or patronage of s.o.; مشمولات الوظيفة the inherent functions of an office

مشتمل muštamal comprising, containing, including (على s.th.)

مشتمل muštamal cottage (for rent)

مشتملات muštamalāt contents

2 شمال šamāl, šimāl north; north wind; šimāl left hand; left side; left; الشمال the left (pol.); شمال šimāla north of …; شمالا šimālan to the left; northward, to the north | شمال شرقي (šarqī) northeast; شمال غربي (garbī) northwest; كوكب الشمال kaukab aš-š. polar star; اليد الشمال (yad) the left hand

شمالي šamalī, šimālī northern, northerly, north; situated on the left; الشماليون the leftist parties (pol.) | الشفق الشمالي (šafaq) aurora borealis, northern lights

3 شملول šumlūl pl. شماليل šamālīl2 small amount, small quantity; -- (eg.) šamlūl brisk, vivid, agile, lively, nimble

4 مشملة , مشملا look up alphabetically

شمندر šamandar white beet, chard

شمندورة šamandūra buoy

1 شن šanna u (šann): شن غارة (gāratan) to make a raid, an invasion; to make an attack, launch an attack (على against, on) IV = I

شن šann pl. شنون šunūn (water)skin

مشنة mišanna basket without handles

اشنان look up alphabetically

شنأ šana’a a (شنآن šan’ān, šana’ān) to hate

شنب šanab pl. اشنب ašnāb mustache

شنتيان šintiyān pl. شناتين šanātīn2 loose trousers resembling pantalets, worn by women

شنج šanija a (šanaj) to contract, shrink; to suffer from convulsions V = I; to twitch

تشنج tašannuj contraction, shriveling, shrinking (of the skin); convulsive contraction (of a muscle), twitch, jerk, convulsion, spasm, fit, cramp | التشنج الرعشي (ra‘šī) clonic spasm; التشنج الكزازي (kuzāzī) tonic spasm

تشنجي tašannujī spastic, spasmodic, cramplike, paroxysmal, convulsive

شنخوبة šunkūba pl. شناخيب šanākīb2 large rock, boulder

شنر II to blame, censure, revile, slander, abuse (على s.o.)

شنار šanār disgrace, ignominy

شنارق šanāriq2 = شرانق šarāniq2

شنشنة šanšana rustling (of paper); cracking, crackling

شنشنة šinšina pl. شناشن šanāšin2 nature, disposition; habit, custom, practice

1 شنيطة šunaiṭa knot; noose, loop

2 شنطة šanṭa pl. شنط šunaṭ suitcase; satchel; bag, traveling bag | شنطة اليد š. al-yad handbag

شنع šanu‘a u (šana‘, شناعة šana‘a) to be ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful; -- šana‘a a (šan‘) to dishonor, disgrace (ب or ه s.o.) II to calumniate, slander, revile, defame (على s.o.); to pillory, expose, condemn, denounce (على s.o., s.th.)

شنع šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious

شنعة šun‘a ugliness, hideousness, horridness, repulsiveness

شنيع šanī‘ ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious

شناعة šanā‘a ugliness, hideousness, horridness, repulsiveness

اشنع ašna‘2, f. شنعاء šan‘ā’2 ugly, abominable, repugnant, repulsive, disgusting, atrocious, hideous, horrid, horrible, disgraceful, ignominious

شنغوبة šungūba pl. شناغيب šanāgīb2 spicate protuberance; thorn, spike

شنف II شنف الآذان (ādāna) to please the ears, to delight (of a voice)

شنف sanf pl. شنوف šunūf earring

شنق šanaqa u (šanq) to hang (هـ s.th., ه s.o. on the gallows)

شنق šanq hanging

شنق šanaq rope

مشنقة mišnaqa pl. مشانق mašāniq2 gallows, gibbet; scaffold, place of execution (by hanging); mašnaqa gallows, gibbet

مشنوق mašnūq hanged

شنقب šunqub bécassine, snipe (zool.)

شنكل šankala (eg.) to trip (ه s.o.) up; to hook up

شنكل šankal pl. شناكل šanākil2 clothes peg; hook

شنهق šanhaqa to bray (donkey)

شهب šahab gray color, gray

شهبة šuhba gray color, gray

شهاب šihāb pl. شهب šuhub, شهبان šuhbān flame, blaze, fire; shooting star, luminous meteor; star

اشهب ašhab2, f. شهباء šahbā’2, pl. شهب šuhb gray; الشهباء epithet of Aleppo (Syria)

شهد šahida a (شهود šuhūd) to witness (هـ s.th.), be witness (هـ of s.th.); to experience personally (هـ s.th.), see with one’s own eyes (ه s.o. in a situation); to be present (هـ at), attend (هـ a celebration); to be present at the public appearance of s.o. (ه ); to see (هـ s.th.); -- (شهادة šahāda) to testify, bear witness; to attest, confirm, certify (ب s.th., ان that), testify, give testimony, give evidence (على against s.o., to or about s.th., ل in s.o.’s favor); to sign as a witness, to witness (J. a document); to acknowledge, adjudge (ب ل to s.o., s.th.) | شهد to swear by God; شهد قانونيا to notarize ill to see (with one’s own eyes), view, inspect, watch, observe, witness (هـ s.th.) IV to call (ه upon s.o.) as a witness (على for s.th.); pass. ušhida to be martyred, die as a martyr X to call (ه or ب upon s.o.) or cite (ه or ب s.o.) as witness (على against or for, في in); to cite, quote (ب s.th.); to attest (e.g., على معنى كلمة ببيت the meaning of a word by a verse); pass. ustušhida to be martyred, die as a martyr

شهد šahd, šuhd pl. شهاد šihād honey; honeycomb

شهدة šahda carbuncle

شهيد šahīd pl. شهداء šuhadā’2 witness; martyr, one killed in battle with the infidels; one killed in action

شهيدة šahīda (woman) martyr

شهادة šahāda pl. -āt testimony, witness, evidence, deposition; statement; certificate, certification, testimonial, affidavit; attestation, attest; credentials, identification; (Muslim) creed (= doftrinal formula); martyrdom, شهادة الإثبات š. al-itbāt evidence for the prosecution; شهادة حسن السير والسلوك (š. ḥusn as-sair) certificate of good conduct; شهادة خلو الطرف عن العمل š. kulūw aṭ-ṭaraf ‘an il-‘amal certificate of discharge (from a position); شهادة الدراسة الثانوية (tānawīya) secondary school diploma; شهادة زور š. zūr false testimony; شهادة على شهادة indirect testimony (Isl. Law); شهادة العالمية š. al-‘ālimīya (Eg.) diploma of higher learning (highest diploma awarded by Al Azhar University); شهادة عالية (‘āliya) diploma; شهادة النفي š. an-nafy evidence for the defense; شهادة الولادة birth certificate

مشهد mašhad pl. مشاهد mašāhid2 place of assembly, assembly, meeting; place where a martyr or hero died; religious shrine venerated by the people, esp. the tomb of a saint; funeral cortege; profession; view, aspect, spectacle, sight, scenery; place or object of interest; scene (e.g., of a crime, of nature); act, number (as part of a program, e.g., in vaudeville), scene (in theater, as part of a play); aspect |مشهد غنائي (ginā’ī) song scene, vocal recital; مشاهد الحياة m. al-ḥayāh aspects of life

مشاهدة mušāhada seeing, viewing, witnessing, inspection; (pl. -āt) view, sight, spectacle; apparition, vision

اشهاد išhād pl. -āt written certification

استشهاد istišhād citation. quotation; death of a martyr; death of a hero, heroic death; martyrdom

شاهد šāhid pl. شهود šuhūd, شهد šuhhad present; -- (pl. شهود šuhūd, اشهاد ašhād) witness (على for); notary public; -- pl. شواهد šawāhid2) (piece of) evidence (على for); attestation; quotation serving as textual evidence; testimony; an oblong, upright tombstone | شاهد الإثبات š. al-itbāt witness for the prosecution; شاهد السمع š. as-sam‘ earwitness; شاهد s. al-‘ain, شاهد عيان š. ‘iyān, شاهد عياني (‘iyānī) eyewitness; شاهد النفي š. an-nafy witness for the defense; على رؤوس الأشهاد in public, for everyone to see

شاهدة šāhida pl. شواهد šawāhid2 an oblong, upright tombstone; index finger; true copy, copy of a letter, duplicate; الشاهدة the Earth

مشهود mašhūd taking place in the presence of spectators or witnesses; happening before a large audience, well-attended; memorable (day, event) | بالجرم المشهود (jurm) in the act, red-handed, flagrante delicto | اليوم المشهود (yaum) the Day of Resurrection; red-letter day, festive public holiday

مشاهد mušāhid pl. -ūn spectator, onlooker, observer

مشاهد mušāhad visible, perceptible; pl. مشاهدات things seen, sights; visible things

شهر šahara a (šahr) to make well-known, famous, renowned, notorious (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge, proclaim, announce (هـ s.th.); to draw, unsheathe (هـ a weapon); pass. šuhira to be or become well-known, famed, famous, renowned, notorious (ب by or for s.th. respectively, by or under a name) | شهر الحرب عليه (ḥarb) to declare war on s.o.; شهر البندقية (bunduqīya) to level a gun (على at s.o.) II to make well-known, famous, renowned, notorious (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to spread, make known, divulge, proclaim, announce (هـ s.th.); to defame, slander, revile publicly, pillory, condemn, denounce (ه s.o.) III to engage or hire (ه s.o.) on a monthly basis, rent (هـ s.th.) by the month IV to make known, proclaim, announce, spread, divulge (هـ s.th.); to unsheathe, draw (ه a weapon); to sell at auction, also اشهر المزاد (mazāda) | اشهر مزاد بيع شيء (mazāda bai‘i š.) to auction s.th. off, put s.th. up at auction VIII to be or become well-known, famed, famous, renowned, notorious (ب by or for s.th. respectively, by or under a name); to be known (عن of s.o., a trait, and the like); to be widespread, common

شهر šahr pl. اشهر ašhur, شهور šuhūr new moon; month | شهر العسل š. al-‘asal honeymoon

شهري šahrī monthly, mensal; شهريا šahrīyan monthly, per month, by the month | اشتراك شهري monthly subscription; monthly fee or contribution; نصف شهري niṣfu šahrīyin fortnightly, semimonthly, appearing biweekly

شهرية šahrīya monthly salary

شهرة šuhra repute, reputation, renown, fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety; surname (Syr., Leb.) | شهرة عالمية (‘ālamīya) world-wide renown, worldwide fame

شهير šahīr widely known, well-known, famous, renowned, celebrated (ب by a name); notorious, ill-reputed

اشهر ašhar2 better known, more widely known

مشاهرة mušāhara pl. -āt monthly salary; pl. monthly payments, monthly allowances; mušāharatan monthly, per month, by the month

اشهار išhār announcement, proclamation, declaration; public sales, auction; publicity, advertising | اشهار الإفلاس i. al-iflās notice of bankruptcy, declaration of insolvency

اشتهار ištihār repute, reputation, renown, fame, famousness, celebrity; notoriety

مشهور mašhūr pl. مشاهير mašāhīr2 well-known, widely known, renowned, famous, celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed; wide-spread, common; a famous, celebrated personality, a celebrity; accepted, established, canonical (textual variant, version of the Koran) | على المشهور according to the general belief, as it is (was) generally understood

مشهر mušahhar well-known, widely known, renowned, famous, celebrated; notorious, ill-reputed

شهق šahaqa a i (شهيق šahīq) to bray (donkey); -- šahaqa a i and šahiqa a (شهيق šahīq, شهاق šuhāq, تشهاق tašhāq) to inhale; to sigh deeply; to sob, gulp; to moan, groan IV اشهق بالبكاء (bi-l-bukā’) to burst into tears, break out into loud weeping

شهقة šahqa moan(ing), groan(ing); gulping

شهيق šahīq braying, brays (of a donkey); sobbing, sobs; sighing, sighs; inhalation, breathing in

شاهق šāhiq pl. شواهق šawāhiq2 high, lofty, towering (building, mountain) | علو شاهق (‘ulūw) tremendous height

شواهق šawāhiq2 heights

شهل II to accelerate, speed up, expedite (هـ s.th.); to remove quickly, hurry off (ه s.o.)

شهل šahil nimble, swift, quick

شهلة šuhla bluish-black color of the eyes

اشهل ašhal, f. شهلاء šahlā’2 having bluish-black eyes

شهم šahm, pl. شهام šihām perspicacious, sagacious, astute, clever, bold, audacious; energetic; noble, gallant, decent; gentleman

شهامة šahāma perspicacity, sagacity, astuteness, cleverness; audacity, boldness, gallantry, noble-mindedness; energy, vigor, verve; decency, respectability

شاهين pl. شواهين look up alphabetically

شهو ) and شها (شهي šahā u and شهي šahiya a (شهوة šahwa) to desire, wish, covet, crave (هـ s.th.), long (هـ for s.th.) II to make covetous, fill with desire, allure, entice (ه s.o.); to arouse greed, desire, appetite (ه in s.o., هـ for s.th.); to whet the appetite, be appetizing (food) V and VIII to be covetous, greedy, to long (هـ for s.th.), crave, desire, wish (هـ s.th.), ffeel appetite (هـ for s.th.) | شيء لا يشتهى (yuštahā) an undesirable thing

شهوة šahwa pl. šahawāt greed, craving, desire, ardent wish, longing, yearning, eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite

شهوي šahwī sensual, sensuous, lustful, instinctual, uninhibited

شهوان šahwān, f. شهوى šahwā, pl. شهاوى šahāwā covetous, greedy; lewd, lecherous, lascivious, libidinous, dissolute, debauched

شهواني šahwānī covetous, greedy; lewd, lecherous, lascivious, libidinous, dissolute, debauched; sensual, sensuous, lustful, instinctual, uninhibited

شهي šahīy pleasant, agreeable, desirable; appetizing, inviting, tasty

شهية šahīya appetite | فاتح الشهية or ما يفتح الشهية (yaftaḥu) stimulating the appetite, appetizing; قلة الشهية للطعام qillat aš-š. li-ṭ-ṭa‘ām want of appetite

تشه tašahhin greed, avidity, cupidity, craving, desire

اشتهاء ištihā’ greed, craving, desire, dent wish, longing, yearning. eagerness, passion, carnal appetite, lust; appetite

مشه mušahhin stimulating the appetite, appetizing; مشهيات appetizers, relishes, hors d’oeuvres

مشته muštahin covetous, greedy, avid, craving, desirous, lustful

مشتهى muštahan desirable; desired, welcome, agreeable, pleasant; (pl. مشتهيات muštahayāt) that which is coveted, object of desire

شاء šā’ (coll.; n. un. شاة šāh) pl. شواه šiwāh, شياه šiyāh sheep; ewe

شوال šuwāl, šiwāl pl. -āt (large) sack

1 شاب (شوب ) šāba u (šaub, شياب šiyāb) to mix, blend (هـ ب s.th. with); to adulterate, vitiate, contaminate, spoil, corrupt, pollute, tarnish, sully, stain, spot (هـ s.th.); to mix, blend, intermix (هـ with) |لا تشوبه شائبة blameless, flawless, unblemished, immaculate

شوب šaub mixture; tarnishing, sullying, roiling, rendering turbid; impairment, blemish, flaw; hot wind

شائبة šā’iba pl. شوائب šawā’ib dirt, stains, spot, flaw, blemish, defect, fault; suspicion, reason for suspicion, suspicious fact

مشوب mašūb mixed; adulterated, vitiated| مشوب بالهموم troubled with worries

2 شابة look up alphabetically

شوبق šaubaq pl. شوابق šawābiq2 rolling pin

شوبك šaubak: pl. شوابك šawābik2 rolling pin

1 شوح II (eg.) to grill, broil, roast (هـ s.th.)

2 شوح šūḥ (coll.; n. un. ة ) fir, sapin

3 شوحة šūḥa kite (zool.)

4 مشاحة see شح

شور II to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (الى to s.o.); to point out (الى s.th.), point (الى at) III to ask s.o.’s (ه ) advice, seek s.o.’s (ه ) advice, consult (ه s.o.); to consult, take counsel (ه with s.o.),

شاور نفسه (nafsahū) to take counsel with o.s., reflect, bethink o.s. IV to make a sign, beckon, signal, wink, blink (ل or الى to s.o.), motion (ل or الى s.o., ب to do s.th.); to ask, invite, urge (الى s.o.); to point, allude (الى to), hint (الى at), indicate, point out (على or الى s.th.), call s.o.’s (ل ) attention to (على ); to advice (ب على s.o. of s.th., على ان s.o. to do s.th.), suggest (ب على to s.o. s.th., على ان to s.o. to do s.th.), command, order ان or على ب s.o. to do s.th.); to state, indicate (ب s.th.) | ما يشار اليه بالبنان (yušāru, banān) that which is pointed at with the finger tips, i.e., s.th. very remarkable, s.th. outstanding; ما اشار بطرف (bi-ṭarfin) he did not bat an eye VI to take counsel, deliberate, consult (في مع with s.o. about) X to ask for advice (ه s.o.), take counsel (ه with s.o.), consult (ه s.o.)

شارة šāra pl. -āt sign, token, distinguishing mark, badge; guile, outward appearance | شارة الصليب sign of the cross

شورى šūrā consultation, deliberation, taking counsel; counsel; advice | مجلس الشورى majlis š-šūrā and مجلس شورى الدولة m. š. d-daula state council

شوري šūrī consultative, advisory

مشوار mišwār pl. مشاوير mašāwīr2 errand; O stroke, (of an internal-combustion engine; techn.) | محرك ثنائي المشوار muḥarrik tunā’ī l-m. two-cycle engine; محرك رباعي المشوار (rubā‘ī l-m.) four-cycle engine

مشورة mašwara, mašūra pl. -āt consultation, deliberation, conference; counsel, advice, suggestion

مشاورة mušāwara pl. -āt consultation, deliberation, conference

اشارة išāra pl. -āt sign, motion, nod, wink, wave; gesture; signal; indication; allusion, hint, intimation; symbolic expression; (silent) reminder; advice, counsel, suggestion; instruction, order, command | اشارة برقية (barqīya) telegram, wire, dispatch, cable(gram); اشارة تلغرافية telegram, wire; اشارة الخطر i. al-kaṭar air-raid warning, alert; اشارة الصليب sign of the cross (Chr.); اشارة ضبط الوقت i. ḍabt al-waqt (radio) time signal; اشارة لا سلكية (lā-silkīya) radio message; محطة الإشارات maḥaṭṭat al-i. signal post; اسم الإشارة ism al-i. demonstrative pronoun; وحدات الإشارة waḥdat al-i. signal corps units (mil.); رهن اشارته (rahna) at s.o.’s beck and call, at s.o.’s disposal

اشاري išārī (mil.) signalman, member of the signal corps (Eg. 1939)

اشارجي išargī (mil.) signalman, member of the signal corps (Eg.)

تشاور tašāwur joint consultation, deliberation (مع with)

استشارة istišāra pl. -āt a seeking of advice, consultation; guidance, advice (one receives)

استشاري istišārī consultative, advisory

مشاور mušāwar adviser, counselor, consultant

مشير mušīr indicative (الى of); adviser, counselor, consultant; field marshal (Eg.; 1933); Fleet Admiral (Eg. 1939)

المشار اليه al-mušār ilaihi the aforementioned, the aforesaid, the said

مستشار mustašār adviser, counselor, consultant, councilor; chancellor; approx.: justice (title; Eg.) | مستشار السفارة counselor of embassy; مستشار المفوضية m. al-mufawwaḍīya counselor of legation

دار المستشارية dār al-mustašārīya office of the chancellor, chancellery

1 شورب šaurab flycatcher (zool.)

2 شوربة šōrba (eg.), šōraba (syr.) and شوربا soup

شورت (Engl.) šort short, short feature (motion pictures)

شورمة

اشوس ašwas2, f. شوساء šausā’2, pl. شوس šūs, اشاوس ašāwis2 proud; bold, audacious, daring, venturesome | شوس الحرب š. al-ḥarb war heroes

1 شوش II to muddle, confuse, confound, jumble (هـ s.th.), disturb (على or هـ s.th.), complicate (هـ s.th.) V to be confused, confounded, muddled, jumbled, deranged, disturbed; to feel indisposed, be ill

شاش šāš muslin; white cloth

شاشة šāša white cloth; الشاشة aš-šāša and الشاشة البيضاء (baiḍā’) (motion picture) screen

شاشية šāšiya, šāšīya pl. شواشي šawāšī a kind of headgear, cap, skullcap

شوش šūš Maria Theresa dollar (Nejd)

شوشة šūša tuft of hair, lock; crest (of birds)

شواش šawāš confusion, muddle, (state of) disorder, disturbance, derangement (e.g., of the mind)

شواشي šawāšī pl. شواشية šawāšīya a maker of šāšiya’s (see above)

تشويش tašwīš confusion, confounding, muddling; disturbance, derangement; ailment

مشوش mušawwaš muddled, jumbled, befuddled, confused; disturbed, deranged (e.g., of a sensorial function); ailing, ill | مشوش الفكر m. al-fikr bewildered, confused, baffled

2 شاوش pl. شواش look up alphabetically

3 شاويش look up alphabetically

شوشبرك šušbarak (eg.) small pastry stuffed with meat and served with milk rice

شوط šauṭ pl. شوط ašwāṭ to a goal; state, phase; round, game, half, course (in sports and games); goal, aim |قطع شوطا كبيرا (بعيدا) في التقدم (الرقي ) (taqaddum, ruqiy) and قطع في ميدان الرقي اشواطا (maidān r-ruqīy) to make good progress or headway, advance in great strides, قطع اشواطا شاسعة do.; يفوقه اشواطا (yafūquhū) he surpasses him by far

شواظ šuwāẓ flame; fire, fervor, ardor, passion

2 شوف II to polish (هـ s.th.); to adorn, deck out (ها a woman) V to look out expectantly, longingly (الى for), look forward (الى to), expect, anticipate (الى s.th.)

شوف šauf harrow

الشوف aš-šūf name of an administrative district of Lebanon

شوفة šaufa (colloq.) sight, spectacle, view

شوفان šūfān oats

شاق (شوق ) šāqa u (šauq) to please delight (ه s.o.), give joy (ه to s.o.); to fill (ه s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, arouse longing, craving, desire (ه in s.o.) II to fill (ه s.o.) with longing, craving, desire, arouse longing, craving, desire (ه in s.o.) V and VIII to long, yearn (الى or ه, هـ for), crave, covet, desire ardently (الى or هـ s.th.)

شوق šauq pl. اشواق ašwāq longing, yearning, craving, desire, wish

شيق šayyiq longing, yearning, craving, desirous, covetous; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid

تشويق tašwīq arousing of desire, of longing; fascination, thrilling, awakening of excitement, of eagerness

تشوق tašawwuq longing, yearning, desire, inclination, craving, eagerness

اشتياق ištiyāq longing, yearning, desire, inclination, craving, eagerness

شائق šā’iq arousing longing, stimulating desire; brilliant, gorgeous, splendid, beautiful

مشوق mušawwiq arousing desire or longing; thrilling, exciting, fascinating, absorbing, stimulating, stirring, attractive, interesting; -- mušawwaq filled with longing (الى for), desirous, covetous (الى of)

مشتاق muštāq longing, yearning, craving, desirous, covetous

شاك (شوك ) (šauk) to sting, prick, hurt, injure, pierce (ب ه s.o. with a thorn, a needle, and the like) II to be thorny; to stud (. s.th.) with thorns or spikes; to sting, prick, hurt, injure, pierce (ب ه s.o. with a thorn, with a needle) IV to sting, prick, hurt, injure

شوك šauk (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اشواك ašwāk thorns, spikes, pricks, prickles, spines; fishbone; forks | على الشوك on tenterhooks, on pins and needles

شوكة šauka (n. un.) thorn, spike, prick, prickle, spine, sting, point; tine, prong; spur (of a rooster); fork; fishbone; furor of fighting, bravura, bravery, valor, verve, dash, élan; might, power

شوكي šaukī thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny; spinal | الطين الشوكي (ṭīn) fruit of the Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica Haw.; bot.); الحبل الشوكي (ḥabl) spinal cord; الحمى الشوكية المخية (ḥummā, mukkīya) cerebrospinal meningitis (med.); العمود الشوكي (‘amūd) vertebral column, backbone; spine; النخاع الشوكي (nukā‘) spinal cord

شوك šawik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny

شائك šā’ik thorny, spiky, prickly, spiny; delicate, ticklish, critical, difficult | سلك شائك (silk) pl. اسلاك شائكة barbed wire

شوكران šaukarān poison hemlock (Conium maculatum; bot.)

1 شال (شول ) šāla u (šaul) to rise, be raised, elevated; to raise, lift (هـ or ب s.th.); to carry (هـ or ب s.th.) | شالت نعامته (na‘āmatuhū) he went away, departed; he died, be is dead II to become sparse, scarce, short in supply III to attack, assail (ه s.o.) IV to raise, lift (هـ s.th.); to carry (هـ s.th.)

شول šawil nimble, adroit, swift, quick, expeditious (at work)

شوال šawwāl pl. -āt شواويل šawāwīl2, الشوال Shawwal, name of the tenth month of the Muslim year

مشال mašāl carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads); porterage, carrying charges

2 شال pl. شيلان look up alphabetically

3 شوال look up alphabetically

شولقى šaulaqī person with a sweet tooth

شولم šaulam darnel (Lolium temulentum; bot.); a variety of vetch

1 شام , شامي pl. شوام, مشوم see شأم

2 شومة šuma stick, cudgel

شون II to garnmer, store (هـ s.th., esp. grain)

شون šūna pl. -āt, شون šuwan (eg.) storehouse, granary, shed, barn

شوندر šawandar white beet, chard

1 شوه šawiha a (šawah) and شاه šāha u (شوه šauh) to be or become ugly, misshapen, deformed, defaced, disfigured, distorted, malformed II to disfigure, deform, deface, distort, mar, mutilate (ه s.o., هـ s.th., esp. the face); to revile, slander, defame (ه s.o.); to jam (اذاعة a broadcast) | شوه وجه الحقيقة (wajah l-ḥ) to distort the truth; شوه وجه وظيفته to disgrace one’s profession V = I

شوه šawāh ugliness, misshapenness, malformation, deformity, disfigurement, distortion, perversion

اشوه ašwah2, f. شوهاء šauhā’2, pl. شوه šūh misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured, deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted, perverted

تشويه tašwīh deformation, disfigurement, defacement, mutilation; defamation; crippledness

تشوه tašawwuh ugliness, misshapenness, malformation, deformity, disfigurement, distortion, perversion

شائه šā’ih misshapen, malformed, ugly, disfigured, deformed, disfeatured, defaced; distorted, perverted

مشوه mušawwah disfigured, defaced, deformed; mutilated, maimed; misshapen, malformed, ugly; distorted, perverted | مشوه الحرب m. al-ḥarb disabled (inactive service); disabled veteran

2 شاه look up alphabetically

3 شاة (n. un.) see شوء

شواه pl. of شاء see شوء

شوى šawā i (شي šayy) to broil, grill, rout (هـ meat)

شواء šiwā’ broiled, or grilled, meat, and the like | شواء السجق š. sujuq grilled sausage

شوى šawīy broiled, grilled, rosted

شواة šawāh pl. شوى šawan scalp

شواية šawāya gridiron, grill

مشواه mišwāh pl. مشاو mašāwin gridiron, grill

1 شى see شوى

2 شية , شيات see وشي

شاء (شيأ ) šā’a a (مشيئة mašī’a) to want; to wish (هـ s.th., ان that) | ان شاء الله (in) God willing; it is to be hoped; I (we) hope so; ما شاء الله whatever (howsoever, how long soever) God intend (used to express an indefinite quantity, amount, number, or period of time); various, sundry, all kinds of, God knows what; also, exclamation of surprise: amazing! that’s right! good! bravo! الى ما شاء الله forever and ever, for all time and time to come; لفق ما شاء له التلفيق (laffaqa, talfīqu) to fabricate the moot outrageous lies

شيء šai’ pl. اشياء ašyā’2 thing; something; (with neg.) nothing | شيء من some

a little, a certain (amount of), a considerable ...; شيء من النشاط (našāṭ) some activity; شيء من القلق (qalaq) some uneasiness, some anxiety; بدون شيء من الجهد (jahd) without any effort at all; هذا شيء وذاك شيء آخر (ākar) this and that are two entirely different things (or matters); في الأمر شيء there is s.th. wrong, there is a fly in the ointment; بعض الشيء ba‘ḍ š. to a certain extent, a little, somewhat; بشيء, في شيء in negative sentences: not in any way; in no way, by no means, not at all, not in the least; على شيء كثير من very, extremely, e.g., على شيء كثير من البساطة (basāṭa) very simple; الشيء الكثير the most; اشبه شيء ب (ašbahu šai’in) very much like ...; شيئا بعد شيء or شيئا فشيئا (fa-šai’an) bit by bit, one after the other, by and by, gradually; لا شيء a nothing, nil, nonentity; nothing (in sport scoring); اللاشيء the nothing; لا شيء nothing (as object); لا غير الشيء اليسير (gair š-šai’ l-yasīr) only very little; ليس بشيء it is nothing, it is of no consequence; ليس هذا في شيء من ذلك this has absolutely nothing to do with that

شيئي šai’ī objective, factual

لاشيئية lā-šai’īya nonexistence, nothingness, nihility, nullity

شيئ šuyyai’ a little thing, trifle

شوية šuwayya (colloq.) a little, a bit, somewhat

مشيئة mašī’a volition, will; wish, desire |بمشيئة الله God willing

2 شاب (شيب ) šāba i (šaib, شيبة šaiba, مشيب mašīb) to become white-haired, gray-haired; to turn white or gray (hair); to grow old, to age; to make white-haired; to bleach (هـ s.th.) II to make (ه s.o.) white-haired, cause s.o.’s (ه ) hair to turn white (grief) IV = II

شيب šaib grayness of the hair, gray or white hair; old age

شيبة šaiba a variety of Artemisia (Artemisia arborescens L.; bot.)

اشيب ašyab2, f. شيباء šaibā’2, pl. شيب šīb white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged; old man

مشيب mašīb grayness of the hair, gray or white hair; old age

شائب šā’ib white, gray (hair); white-haired, gray-haired (person); old, aged; old man

2 شابة look up alphabetically

شيت šīt pl. شيوتات šuyūtāt chintz. Printed calico (eg.)

1 شيح II (tun.) to dry, blot (هـ s.th.) IV to turn away, avert (ب the eyes, one’s face, عن from)

شياح šayyāḥ blotting paper

2 شيح šīḥ an oriental variety of wormwood (bot.)

شاخ (شيخ ) šāka i (شيخ šayak, شيوخة šuyūka, شيخوخة šaikūka) to age, grow old; to attain a venerable age

شيخ šaik, pl. شيوخ šuyūk, اشياخ ašyāk, مشيخة mašyaka, مشايخ mašāyik2, مشائخ mašā’ik2 an elderly, venerable gentleman; old man; elder; chief, chieftain, sheik, patriarch, head (of a tribe); title of the ruler of anyone of the sheikdoms along the Persian Gulf; title of native scholars trained in the traditional sciences such as clerical dignitaries, members of a religious order, profesors of spiritual institutions of higher learning, etc.; master; master of an order (Sufism); senator (parl.) | الشيخ ارز اسمر (aruzz asmar), الشيخ ارز ابيض (abyaḍ) (eg.) popular names for certain rice dishes; شيخ البحر š. al-baḥr sea calf (zool.); شيخ البلد š. al-balad chief of a village, village mayor; شيخ السجادة š. as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain dervish orders in their capacity of inheritors of the founder’s prayer rug; شيخ الإسلام š. al-islām sheikh ul-Islam, formerly, esp. in medieval Egypt, title of the Grand Mufti, the spiritual head of Islam, later being bestowed more and more exclusively upon the Mufti of Constantinople in the Ottoman Empire; title of the chief mufti in Tunisia; شيخ المدينة inspector of police (Magr.); مشيخة الجامع الأعظم professoriate, or faculty, of the Great Mosque in Tunis; الشيوخ (pl. of majesty) title of a ruler among the inhabitants of Nejd; مجلس الشيوخ majlis aš-š. senate

شيخة šaika pl. -āt an old, or elderly, woman, a matron

شياخة šiyāka position, or dignity, of a sheik

شيخوخة šaikūka old age, senility

شيخوخي šaikūkī senile, characteristic of old age

مشيخة mašyaka pl. -āt, مشايخ mašāyik2 office, or dignity, of a sheik; sheikdom (in general, specif., anyone of the semi-independent territories on the Persian Gulf); an administrative subdivision (Tun.); professoriate (e.g., of Al Azhar)

شاد (شيد ) šāda i (شيد šaid) to erect, set up, construct, build (هـ an edifice, and the like) II = I; IV = I; به or اشاد بذكره (bi-dikrihī) to celebrate, praise, commend s.o. or s.th., speak in glowing terms of s.o. or s.th.

شيد šīd plaster (of a wall); plaster of Paris; mortar

تشييد tašyīd erection, setting up, construction, building (of an edifice)

اشادة išāda praise, commendation, extolment (ب of)

مشيد mušayyad high, lofty, imposing (of a structure)

شيراز šīrāz2 Shiraz (city in SW Iran)

شيرج šīraj sesame oil

شيرة šīra a refreshment (made of fruit juice)

شيزوفرانيا šīzofrāniyā schizophrenia

1 شيش šīš foil, rapier; jalousie, Venetian blind | معلم الشيش mu‘allim aš-š. fencing instructor; لعبة الشيش la‘bat aš-š. fencing, swordplay

2 شيشة šīša bottle of the narghile; narghile, hookah

شاط (شيط ) šāṭa i (شيط šaiṭ) to burn (esp. food) II to burn slightly, singe, scorch, sear (هـ s.th.) IV = II; V = I; X استشاط غضبا (gaḍaban) to be or become fuming with rage, flare up, fly off the handle

شيطان II tašaiṭana to behave like a devil

شيطان šaiṭān pl. شياطين šayāṭīn2 Shaitan, Satan, devil, fiend

شيطاني šaiṭānī satanic, devilish, fiendish; demonic, demoniac, hellish, infernal

شيطنة šaiṭana devilry, villainy, dirty trick

شاع (شيع ) šā‘a i (شيع šai‘, شيوع šuyū‘) to spread, be divulged, become known, become public (news); to spread (out), diffuse (في over); to fill, pervade, dominate (في s.o., s.th.; of a feeling); شاع في to be generally attributable, be generally applicable to s.th.; شاع به to spread, divulge, publicize, circulate s.th.; make s.th. known, bring s.th. to public notice II to see (ه s.o.) off, escort, accompany (ه s.o.); to bid farewell (ه to s.o.); to pay (ه the deceased) the last honors; to send (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to adhere (هـ to a faction) | شيعت الجنازة šuyyi‘at il-janāzatu the deceased was escorted to his final resting place, the funeral took place III to follow (على ه s.o. in), adapt o.s. (على ه to s.o. in); to conform, fall in (على ه with s.o. in); to side (على هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (على هـ, ه for s.o., for s.th. in) IV to spread, divulge, publish, publicize, make known, bring to public notice, circulate (ب or هـ s.th.) V to side (ل في with s.o., with s.th. in), take sides (ل في for s.o., for s.th. in), join (ل s.o., s.th., a faction), make common cause, hold (ل with s.o.); to become a Shiite; to pretend to be a Shiite VI to come to an agreement (على in, about)

شيعة šī‘a pl. شيع šiya‘ followers, adherents, disciples, faction, party, sect; الشيعة the faction of Ali, the Shiah, the Shiites (that branch of the Muslims who recognize Ali, the Prophet’s son-in-law, as his rightful successor), pl. اشياع ašyā‘ adherents, followers, partisans

شيعي šī‘ī Shiitic, (pl. -ūn) Shiite

شياع šiyā‘ community (of property) (jur.)

شيوع šuyū‘ publicity, spread, circulation (of news) | على الشيوع in common, jointly, in joint possession

شيوعي šuyū‘ī communistic, communist; (pl. -ūn) a communist

شيوعية šuyū‘īya communism

تشييع tašyī‘: تشييع الجنازة ṯ al-janāza funeral, burial

مشايعة mušāya‘a partisanship, partiality

اشاعة išā‘a spreading, publication, circulation (of news); rumor; news, information

O اشاعية išā‘īya collectivism (pol.)

تشيع tašayyu‘ partisanship, partiality, bias (ل for)

شائع šā’i‘ widespread, (well-)known, public; general, universal; common, joint | الشائع ان it is rumored that ...; شائع الذيوع widely known, widespread, common; شائع الاستعمال in general use, commonly used, generally accepted; ملك شائع (milk) joint property

شائعة šā’i‘a pl. -āt, شوائع šawā’i‘ rumor

مشايع mušāyi‘ partial, adherent, partisan

مشاع mušā‘ widespread; (well-)known, public; general, universal; common, joint; joint (or collective) ownership, joint tenancy (Isl. Law); public property, public domain

متشيع mutašayyi‘ partial; partisan

مشتاع muštā‘ partner, co-partner, co-owner

شاف II to cut up, chop or slice (هـ fruit)

اشياف ašyāf (pl.) cuts, slices

شيون šīfūn chiffon (fabric)

شيق see شوق

1 شيك (Fr.) šīk chic

اشيك ašyak2 very chic

2 شيك (Fr. cheque) šēk, šīk pl. -āt check | شيك السياحة traveler's check

شيكوريا (It. cicoria) šīkōriyā chicory

شيكولاته šīkōlāta (syr.) chocolate

1 شال (شيل ) šāla , to carry, convey, transport (هـ s.th.); to raise, elevate, lift (هـ s.th.)

شيلة šaila pl. -āt load, burden

شيالة šiyāla carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads); porterage, carrying charges

شيال šayyāl pl. -ūn, شيالة šayyāla porter, carrier

شيالة šayyāla suspender

مشال mašāl carrying, carriage, conveyance, transportation (of loads); porterage, carrying charges

2 شال pl. شيلان look up alphabetically

شيلام šailām darnel (Lalium temulentum; bot.); a variety of vetch

شيلمان šīlmān (coll.; n. un. ة ) steel girders (ir.)

شيلي šīlī Chile

شام (شيم ) šāma i to look out (هـ for), be on the lookout, watch; to expect (هـ s.th.), hope (هـ for)

شيمة šīma pl. شيم šiyam nature, temper, disposition, character; habit, custom, practice

شامة šāma pl. -āt, شام šām mole, nevus, birthmark

شيمية šīmīya pl. شيامي šayāmī (eg.) vortex, whirlpool, eddy

مشيمة mašīma pl. مشيم mašīm, مشايم mašāyim2 placenta

1 شان (شين ) šāna i (شين šain) to disfigure, disfeature, mar, .dishonor, disgrace (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) | شان سمعته (sum‘atahū) to detract from s.o.’s good reputation II = I

شين šain disfigurement, marring, dishonoring, disgracing; disgrace, shame

شائن šā’in dishonorable, scandalous, disgraceful

مشين mušayyin dishonorable, scandalous, disgraceful

1 شين šīn name of the letter ش

شاي look up alphabetically

شياخ pl. of شاء , see شوء

ص

ص abbreviation of صفحة ṣafḥa page (of a book)

ص ب abbreviation of صندوق البريد ṣundūq al-barīd post-office box, p. o. b.

صؤاب ṣu’āb (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. صئبان ši’bān, صيبان ṣībān nit

صابورة see2 صبر

صابون see صبن

صاج ṣāj thin sheet iron; bread tin, baking tin | صاج مضلع (muḍalla‘) corrugated iron

يا صاح yā ṣāḥi = يا صاحبي yā ṣāḥibī

صاد name of the letter ص

صاغ in order, right, proper, sound, regular, standard; a rank in army and police (intermediate between captain and major); a naval rank intermediate between lieutenant and lieutenant commander (Eg.) | عملة صاغ (‘umla) standard currency; غرش صاغ (girš) standard piaster

صاغقول اغاسي (Turk. sağkol ağasι) military rank intermediate between captain and major (Eg.)

صالة (It. sala) ṣāla pl. -āt hall, large room

صالون ṣālūn salon, parlor, reception room | عربة صالون ‘arabat ṣ. parlor car, club car

صامولة see صمولة ṣamūla

صأى ṣa’ā a i (صئى ṣa’īy) to twitter, chirp (of a bird)

صب ṣabba u (ṣabb) to pour, pour forth, cast, empty, fill (في هـ s.th. into); to impose, عليه بلاء (balā’an) a trial upon s.o. | صب الغارة to commit an assault; -- i (ṣabb) to be poured out, pour forth, shed, flow (في into); to befall (على s.o.), come upon s.o. (على); -- (1 st pers. perf. ṣabibtu) a (صبابة ṣabāba) to love ardently (الى s.o.) V to pour forth, shed, flow; to drip, outflow (هـ with), be bathed (هـ in); to dissolve, melt, deliquesce | تصبب عرقا (‘araqan) to be wet with perspiration, break into a sweat VII to be poured out, pour forth, flow, shed, effuse, gush out; to be intent, be bent (على or الى on), be out for (على or الى ); to apply o.s. (على or الى to s.th.), study, endeavor (على or الى to be or do s.th.); to be aimed, directed, oriented (على at), bear upon (على )

صب ṣabb pouring; casting, founding (of metal); cut; flow gush; outpour, effusion; ardently in love, enamored

صبيب ṣabīb pl. اصباب aṣbāb declivity; slope, incline, hillside

صبيب ṣabīb poured out, shed, spilled; blood; sweat, perspiration

صبابة ṣabāba ardent love, fervent longing

صبابة ṣubāba rest, remainder, remnant

مصب maṣabb pl. -āt, مصاب maṣābb2 outlet, escape, drain; mouth (of a river, and the like); drainpipe; funnel

مصبوب maṣbūb lead (metal); pl. مصبوبات cast-metal goods, foundry products

1 صبأ ṣaba’a a (صبوء ṣubū’) to grow (tooth, nail), sprout (plant); -- ṣaba’a a to turn (الى to, toward)

2 صابئ ṣābi’ Sabian; Mandaean, see the following

الصابئة aṣ-ṣābi’a the Sabians, designation of two different sects, 1) the Mandaeans, a Judeo-Christian Gnostic, baptist sect in Mesopotomia (Christians of St. John), used in this sense in the Koran. 2) The Sabians of Harran, a pagan sect extant as late as the 11th century A. D.

صبح ṣabaḥa a (ṣabḥ) to offer a morning draught (ه to s.o.); -- ṣabuḥa u (صباحة ṣabāḥa) to be beautiful, graceful, handsome, comely, pretty; to beam, be radiant (face) II to offer a morning draught (ه to s.o.); to come in the morning (ه to s.o.); to which a good morning (على or ه to s.o.) III يصابحه ويماسيه he attends to it mornings and evenings, he is constantly, incessantly occupied with it IV to enter upon morning; to wake up, be awake, be in one’s senses; to be or become clear; to become, be, or happen in the morning; to get (في into a situation), reach a state, come to a point where ...; to become, grow, turn; to be | اصبح الصباح (ṣabāḥu) it became morning; اصبح على خير to have a good morning, begin the day happily; تصبح على خير (tuṣbiḥ) porting word at night: may you he well tomorrow morning! يفعله اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امسى (amsā) he does it mornings and evenings, he does it all the time, incessantly; اصبح الحق (ḥaqqu) truth has come to light; لم يصبح يفعل he no longer did (so); لم يصبح له وجود it no longer existed VIII to have a morning draught; to light (هـ s.th., e.g., a lamp); to use for lighting (ب s.th.) X to begin the day

صبح ṣubḥ pl. اصباح aṣbāḥ dawn; daybreak; morning; (ellipt. for صلاة الصبح ṣalāt aṣ-ṣ.) morning prayer (at dawn)

صبحة ṣubḥa early morning; breakfast, morning meal

صباح ṣabāḥ morning; صباحا ṣabāḥan in the morning | صباح مساء ṣabāḥa masā’a in the morning and in the evening, mornings and evenings; صباح اليوم ṣabāḥ al-yaum this morning; صباحك بالخير, صباح الخير (bi-l-kair) good morning! عم صباحا (‘im) do.

صباحي ṣabāḥī morning (adj.)

صباح ṣubāḥ and صبحان ṣabḥān2, f. صبحى ṣabḥā pretty, comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful

صبيح ṣabīḥ pl. صباح ṣibāḥ pretty, comely, handsome, beautiful, graceful

صباحة ṣubāḥa beauty, gracefulness, grace

صبيحة ṣabīḥa morning

صبوح ṣabūḥ morning draught; beautiful as the early day, radiant, bright

مصباح miṣbāḥ pl. مصابيح maṣābīḥ2 lamp; light, luminary (also fig.); head-light (of an automobile) | مصباح الإضاءة incandescent light, light bulb; مصباح كشاف (kaššāf) searchlight; مصباح كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electric light, light bulb; مصباح كهربائي يدوي (yadawī) electric flashlight

اصباح iṣbāḥ morning

استصباح istiṣbāḥ illumination, lighting | غاز الاستصباح illuminating gas

مصبح muṣbaḥ morning

صبر ṣabara i (ṣabr) to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (ه s.o.); to be patient, be forbearing, have patience, take patience, persevere; to bear calmly, patiently, stoutly, endure (على s.th.); to refrain, abstain, desist (عن from), renounce (عن s.th.); to hold one’s own (ل against s.o.), withstand (ل s.o.) II to ask (ه s.o.) to be patient; to admonish (ه s.o.) to be patient; to console, comfort, solace (هـ the heart); to make (هـ s.th.) durable; to conserve (هـ s.th.); to preserve, can (هـ s.th.) | صبر بطنه (baṯnahū; eg.) to have a snack III to vie in patience (ه with s.o.); to bear stoutly V to be patient, be for-bearing, have or take patience, persevere VIII = V

صبر ṣabr fettering, shackling; patience, forbearance; composure, equanimity, steadfastness, firmness; self-control, self-command, self-possession; perseverance, endurance, hardiness | قتله صبرا qatalahū ṣabran to kill s.o. in captivity; لا صبر لي (ṣabra) I cannot bear it! this is unbearable! قلة الصبر qillat aṣ-ṣ. impatience; قليل الصبر impatient; قل صبره qalla ṣabruhū to be impatient; to lose patience; لم يبق في قوس صبري منزع lam yabqa fī qausi ṣabrī minza‘ (there is no arrow left for the bow of my patience, i.e.) my patience is at an end

صبر ṣabir, ṣabr aloe (bot.)

صبرة ṣabra severe cold

صبرة ṣabra heap, pile; ṣubratan summarily, on the whole, in the lump

صبار ṣabbār (very) patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast

صبار ṣubār Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica; bot.)

صبر ṣubbair Indian fig (Opuntia ficus-indica; bot.)

صبور ṣabūr pl. صبر ṣubur (very) patient, enduring, perseverant, steadfast

صبارة ṣabāra and ṣabārra severe cold

تصبيرة taṣbira (eg.) light meal in the forenoon, a snack

مصابرة muṣābara long-suffering, longanimity, endurance, perseverance, patience, forbearance

اصطبار iṣtibār patience, forbearance, endurance, perseverance

صابر ṣābir patient, long-suffering, enduring, perseverant, steadfast

مصبرات muṣabbarāt conserves, canned goods

2 صبر ṣabbara to ballast (ه a ship)

صابورة ṣābūra ballast of a ship

صبع ṣaba‘a a (ṣab‘) to point with the finger (على or ب at); to insert one’s finger (ها into the hen, so as to ascertain whether she is going to lay an egg)

اصبع iṣba‘ pl. اصابع aṣābi‘2 finger; toe (also اصبع القدم i. al.qadam); a linear measure (Eg.; = 3.125 cm) | اصابع من البطاطس French fried potatoes; اصبع الأحمر lipstick; اصابع السجق s. as-sujuq frankfurters; بصمة الأصابع baṣmat al-a. fingerprint; طابع الأصابع do.; له اصبع في هذا الأمر he has a hand in this matter

صباع ṣubā‘ (eg.) finger; toe (also صباع القدم ṣ. al-qadam)

اصبوع uṣbū‘ pl. اصابيع aṣābī‘ finger; toe

مصبع muṣabba‘ gridiron, grill

صبغ ṣabaga u i a (ṣabg, ṣibag) to dye, stain (هـ s.th., e.g., a fabric), color, tint, tinge, paint, daub (هـ s.th.); to give s.th. (هـ ) the air, touch, or appearance (ب of s.th.); to dip, immerse (هـ s.th., في in water); to baptize (ه s.o.) | صبغه صبغة (ṣibgatan ukrā) to transform, change s.o. VIII to be dyed, be or become colored or tinted; to be baptized, receive baptism

صبغ ṣibg pl. اصباغ aṣbāg color, dye, dyestuff; pigment; (coat of) paint, varnish; make-up, grease paint, face paint

صبغة ṣibga color, dye, dyestuff; pigment; tincture (med.); coloring, tinge, tint, shade, hue, nuance, touch, air; nature, character; (coat of) paint, varnish; baptism; religion | صبغة الأفيون ṣ. al-afyūn tincture of opium, laudanum; صبغة اليود ṣ. al-yūd tincture of iodine; صبغة محلية (maḥallīya) local touch, local color; اخرجه من صبغته (akrajahū) to change, disfigure s.o. or s.th.

O صبغيات ṣibgīyāt chromosomes

صباغ ṣibāg pl. اصبغة aṣbiga color, dye, dyestuff; spice, condiment, seasoning, sauce

صباغ ṣabbāg dyer

صباغة ṣibāga dyer’s trade, art of dyeing or staining

مصبغة maṣbaga dyehouse, dye works

صابغ ṣābig dyer; baptist | يوحنا الصابغ (yūḥannā) John the Baptist

مصبوغ maṣbūg dyed, stained, colored, tinted; having a touch or air (ب of); influenced (ب by); imbued (ب with)

صبن II to soap, rub with soap (هـ s.th.)

صابون ṣabūn soap | حجر الصابون ḥajar aṣ-ṣ. soapstone, steatite

صابونة ṣābūna (n. un.) a cake of soap

صابوني ṣābūnī soapy, soap-like, saponaceous, made of soap

صبان ṣabbān soap boiler

مصبنة maṣbana soap works

صبا (صبو ) ṣabā u (ṣabw, ṣubūw, صبا ṣiban, صباء ṣabā’) to be a child, be childish; -- (ṣubūw, صبوة ṣabwa) to bend, incline (الى to), feel sensual desire (الى for); to strive (الى for), aspire (الى to); -- ṣabiya a (صباء ṣabā’, صبا ṣiban) to behave like a child, act in a childish manner II to rejuvenate, render youthful again V to behave like a child, act in a childish manner; to incline to youthful pleasures; to rejuvenesce, undergo rejuvenation, regain youth, become young again; to woo, court (ها a woman); to tempt, entice, captivate, charm (ه s.o., هـ the heart) VI to behave like a child X = VI

صبا ṣaban pl. صبوات ṣabawāt, اصباء aṣbā’ east wind

صبا , صبى ṣiban childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness; inclination, propensity, bent, longing, desire

صباء ṣabā’ childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness

صبوة ṣabwa youthful passion; amorous disposition; sensual desire; childish manners

صبو ṣubūw youthful passion; amorous disposition; sensual desire; childish manners

صبوة ṣubūwa childhood, boyhood, youth; youthfulness

صبي ṣabīy pl. صبية ṣibya, ṣabya, صبيان ṣibyān, ṣubyān, اصبية aṣbiya boy, youth, lad

صبية ṣabīya pl. صبايا ṣabāyā girl; young girl

صبياني ṣibyānī boyish, childlike; childish, puerile; children’s

صاب ṣābin youthful, juvenile thoughtless, rash

صبي see صبو

صح ṣaḥḥa i (صحة ṣiḥḥa, صحاح ṣaḥāḥ) to be healthy; to be all right, be in order; to recover, recuperate (من from); to heal (of a wound); to be sound, strong, vigorous, firm, right, correct, faultless, unimpaired, unblemished; to be firm, unshakable (resolution); to be admissible, permissible; to be true, authentic, certain, sure; to prove true, turn out to be true; to hold good. go (على for), apply (على to), b. true (على of); to result or follow definitely (عن from); to be a fact, turn out (ل for); to become a fact; to be successful, work out well (ل for s.o.); to fall to s.o. or to s.o.’s share (ل) | صحت عزيمته على or صح عزمه (‘azmuhū) he was firmly resolved to ..., his mind was made up to ...; يصح الاعتماد عليه it may serve as a basis; يصح ان يقال فيه it is rightly said of him ...; صح في الأذهان to appear right, adequate, reasonable II to restore, to health, cure, heal (ه s.o.); to correct, emend, rectify (هـ s.th.); to prepare, a critical edition (هـ of a text); to legalize, authenticate (هـ a document), certify, confirm, attest (هـ the authenticity of a document), sign (هـ a document); to impose one’s signature, undersign (magr.) V to undergo correction, emendation, rectification, be corrected, emended, rectified X to regain health; to recover, recuperate (من from)

صحة ṣiḥḥa health; hygiene; faultlessness, rightness, soundness, correctness; truth, genuineness, verity, veracity, credibility, authenticity; validity; legal validity, legality | وزارة الصحة العمومية (‘umūmīya) Ministry of Public Health (Eg.)

صحي wholesome, salubrious, healthy, healthful (diet, and the like); sanitary; hygienic | المحجر الصحي (maḥjar) quarantine

صحيح pl. صحاح ṣiḥāḥ, ṣiḥāḥ, اصحاء aṣiḥḥā’2 healthy, well, sound, healthful; complete, integral, perfect; whole, entire, undivided; right, correct, proper; true, veritable, actual, real; authentic, genuine, truthful, reliable, credible, believable; valid, legally valid, legal, lawful, rightful; strong (gram.; of a consonant, a verb) | جمع صحيح (jam‘) sound plural (ending in ون -ūn or ات -āt; gram); عدد صحيح (‘adad) whole number, integer (math.); صحيح انه (annahū) he was (he is) …, he was (he is), it is true, …

اصح aṣaḥḥ2 sounder, healthier; more correct, more proper | او على الأصح or more properly speaking

اصحاح aṣḥāḥ, iṣḥāḥ chapter of the Holy Scriptures (Chr.)

مصح maṣaḥḥ pl. -āt sanatorium; health retreat, sanitarium

مصحة maṣaḥḥa that which promotes or is conducive to health; sanatorium

تصحيح taṣḥīḥ correction, rectification; emendation, critical revision

مصحح muṣaḥḥiḥ O vernier (of a range finder) | المصحح اسفله (asfalahū) the undersigned

صحب ṣaḥiba a (صحبة ṣuḥba, صحابة ṣaḥāba, ṣiḥāba) to be or become a companion, an associate, a comrade, a friend (ه of s.o.), make or become friends, be friends (ه with s.o.); to associate, have social intercourse (ه with s.o.); to accompany, escort (ه s.o.); to be closely associated (ه with s.o.) III = I; to keep (ه s.o.) company IV to send along, delegate as companion or escort (ه ه or هـ for s.o. s.o. else or s.th.) VI to have social intercourse, associate (مع with); to become friends, be friends (مع with) VIII to accompany, escort (ه s.o.); to take (ه s.o.) as companion or escort, have o.s. escorted or accompanied (ه by s.o.): to take along (ه s.th., ه a companion) X to take a companion or escort, take along

صحبة ṣuḥba friendship, companionship, comradeship; accompanying, company, escort; association, intercourse; friends, companions, associates, comrades; (eg.) nosegay, bunch of flowers: ṣuḥbata accompanied by; with | صحبة هذا (ṣuḥbata) herein enclosed

الصحابة aṣ-ṣaḥāba the Companions of the Prophet Mohammed

صحابي ṣaḥābī a Companion of the Prophet Mohammed

مصاحبة muṣāḥaba accompanying, company, escort

اصطحاب iṣṭiḥāb accompanying, company, escort; association

صاحب ṣāḥib pl. اصحاب aṣḥāb, صحب ṣuḥub, صحابة ṣaḥāba, صحبان ṣuḥbān, صحبة associate, companion, comrade, friend; adherent, follower; the other (of two); (with foll. genit.) man, owner, possessor, holder, master, lord, commander, representative, author or originator of …; entrusted with; addicted or given to; يا صاح yā ṣāḥi = يا صاحبي yā ṣāḥibī| صاحب الأمر ṣ. al-amr ruler, master, overlord, sovereign; صاحب البواخر shipowner; صاحب الجلالة ṣ. al-jalāla His Majesty; صاحب حال the noun to which a circumstantial phrase (ḥāl) refers; صاحب الدولة ṣ. ad-daula (formerly) title of the Prime Minister (Eg.); صاحب السجادة ṣ. as-sajjāda title of the leaders of certain dervish orders in their capacity of owners of the founder’s prayer rug; صاحب السعادة ṣ. as-sa‘āda title of a pasha; صاحب السماحة ṣ. as-samāḥa title of a mufti, approx. “His Eminence”; صاحب السمو الملكي ṣ. as-sumūw al-malakī His Royal Highness; اصحاب الشأن a. aš-ša’n those concerned; the important, influential people; اصحاب الشبهات a. aš-šubuhāt dubious persons, people of ill repute; صاحب الطبع (formerly) Keeper of the Seal (of the Bey of Tunisia); صاحب العزة ṣ. al-‘izza title of a bey; صاحب العظمة ṣ. al-‘aẓama His Majesty; صاحب المعالي ṣ. al-ma‘ālī title of a cabinet minister; صاحب العمل ṣ. al-‘amal employer; صاحب الغبطة ṣ. al-gibṭa title of the Coptic Patriarch; صاحب الفضيلة title of Islamic theologians and sheiks, such as Rector and Professors of Al Azhar University; صاحب ṣ. al-fikra father to the thought, the originator of an idea; صاحب المقام الرفيع (ṣ. al-maqam) formerly, title bestowed on bearers of the order القلادة established by Fuad I in 1936

صاحبة ṣāḥiba pl. -āt, صواحب ṣawāḥib2, صواحبات ṣawāḥibāt fem. of صاحب woman companion. etc. | صاحبة الجلالة ṣ. al-jalāla Her Majesty; صاحبة السمو الملكي ṣ. as-sumūw al-malakī Her Royal Highness; صاحبة العصمة ṣ. al-‘iṣma title of a lady of high social standing

صويحب ṣuwaiḥib friend (diminutive of صاحب )

صويحبة ṣuwaiḥiba pl. -āt girl friend (diminutive of صاحبة )

مصحوب maṣḥūb accompanied (ب by); attended (ب with); associated (ب with); provided (ب with)

اصحر aṣḥar2 f. صحراء ṣaḥrā’2 desertlike; of the color of desert sand; desolate, bleak

صحراء ṣaḥrā’2 pl. صحار ṣaḥārin, صحاري ṣaḥārā, صحروات ṣaḥrawāt desert, steppe

صحراوي ṣaḥrāwī desert, desolate, waste | اراض صحراوية (arāḍin) desert areas

صحارة ṣaḥāra pl. صحاحير ṣaḥāḥīr2 case, chest, crate, box

صحف II to misplace the diacritical marks; to misread, mispronounce, misspell (هـ a word); to misrepresent, distort, twist (هـ a report, etc.) V to be misread or misspelled (word)

صحفة ṣaḥfa pl. صحاف ṣiḥāf bowl, dish, platter

صحيفة ṣuḥaifa saucer

صحيفة ṣaḥīfa pl. صحف ṣuḥuf, صحائف ṣaḥā’if2 leaf (in a book or notebook), page; newspaper, paper, daily, journal; epidermis; surface; exterior | الصحيفة البيضاء (baiḍā’) honorable name, honor

صحفي ṣuḥufī newspaper-, news-, press- (in compounds), journalistic; (pl. -ūn) newspaperman, journalist | مؤتمر صحفي (mu’tamar) press conference

صحافة ṣiḥāfa journalism, news business; the press

صحافي ṣaḥāfī journalistic; journalist, newspaperman, newsman

صحافية ṣiḥāfīya woman journalist

مصحف maṣḥaf, muṣḥaf pl. مصاحف maṣāḥif2 volume; book; copy of the Koran (مصحف شريف )

تصحيف taṣhīf misplacement of the diacritical marks; misspelling, slip of the pen; (grammatical) mistake; misrepresentation, distortion

صحل ṣaḥal raucous voice

1 صحن ṣaḥn pl. صحون ṣuḥūn bowl, dish; plate; dish, meal, food; yard, courtyard; surface, plane; disk; (pl. اصحنة aṣḥina) phonograph record, disc (tun.) | صحن الدار courtyard, patio; صحن السجار ashtray; على صحن الخد (ṣ. il-kadd) on the (surface of the) cheek

مصحون maṣḥūn ground, brayed, pounded, crushed, grated

2 صحناة ṣaḥnāh sardine

(صحو and صحي) صحا ṣaḥā u (ṣaḥw) and صحي ṣaḥiya a (صحا ṣaḥan) to be or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky); -- (صحو ṣaḥw, ṣuḥuw) to regain consciousness, come to; to recover (من from intoxication), sober up; to wake up, awake (من from sleep); to become alert (الى to s.th.), become aware (الى of s.th.) II to wake up, awaken, rouse (ه s.o.) IV to be or become clear, bright, cloudless, serene (day, sky); to wake up, awaken, rouse (ه s.o.)

صحو ṣaḥw cloudlessness, brightness serenity (of the weather); clarity, alertness of the mind, consciousness; bright, serene, cloudless, sunny (weather)

صحوة ṣaḥwa awakening, recovery of consciousness; state of consciousness

صاح ṣāḥin bright, serene, cloudless, clear (weather); -- (pl. -ūn, صحاة ṣuḥāh) awake, wakeful, watchful, alert, vigilant; conscious; sober

صخب ṣakiba a (ṣakab) to shout, cry, yell, clamor, roar, bellow; to scold (على s.o., s.th.); to rage, roar, be loud VIII to raise a din, roar simultaneously, be tumultuous, resound in utter confusion, rage

صخب ṣakab shouting, roar(ing), bellowing, yelling, clamor, din, hubbub; cry, outcry, yell; raging

صخب ṣakib crying, yelling, noisy, clamoring, vociferous, roaring, raging

صخاب ṣakkāb clamorous, boisterous, roaring, bellowing, raging

اصطخاب iṣtikāb noise, din, clamor, hubbub, uproar, tumult, turmoil, roar, raging

صاخب ṣākib loud, noisy, clamorous, boisterous, vociferous, tumultuous, roaring, raging |قوة صاخبة (qūwa) power of the voice

مصطخب muṣṭakab noise, din, hubbub, tumult, raging, roar(ing)

صخر ṣakr (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. صخور ṣukūr, صخورة ṣukūra, صخرات ṣakarāt rocks, solid rock, boulders, rock formations; pl. صخور rock (geol.)

صخرة ṣakra boulder, rock | قبة الصخرة qubbat aṣ-ṣ. the Dome of the Rock, the Mosque of Omar (in Jerusalem)

صخري ṣakrī rocky, stony

صخر ṣakir rocky, stony

صد ṣadda u (ṣadd) to turn away, alienate, discourage, divert, deter, restrain, reject, send away (عن ه s.o. from); to dissuade (عن ه s.o. from his desire); to repel, parry, ward off (هـ s.th., e.g., an attack); to hinder, prevent (عن ه s.o. from); to impede, hamper, stop, bring to a standstill (ه s.o.); to resist, oppose (ه s.o.) | لا يصد النظر (naẓara) it does not offend the eye, it is nice to look at; -- i u (ṣadd, صدود ṣudūd) to turn away (عن from), turn one’s back (عن on s.o., on s.th.); to stay away, remain aloof (عن from s.th.) II to suppurate, maturate, fester IV do. V to face, confront (ل s.o.)

صد ṣadd averting, turning away; checking, stopping; repulsion, rejection; hindering, impeding, obstruction, prevention; resistance, aversion, reluctance

صدد ṣadad nearness, proximity; intention, purpose, design, aim; respect, regard, relation, concern, subject, matter; topic (of a discussion); ṣadada (prep.) opposite, in front of | على صدد and بصدد opposite, in front of; في صدد concerning, regarding, re, with respect to; في هذا الصدد in this respect, with regard to this, with relation to this, on this occasion, in this connection; هو بصدد امر he is currently busy with s.th., he is at present occupied with a matter; نرجع الى ما نحن بصدده (narji‘) we return to what is our present concern or to what we are just discussing

صديد ṣadīd pus, matter

صديدي ṣadīdī suppurative, purulent, festering

صدئ ṣadi’a a (صدأ ṣada’) and صدؤ ṣadu’a u (ṣadā’a) to become or be rusty, rust, oxidize II = I; to make (هـ s.th.) rusty, cause (هـ s.th.) to rust, corrode (هـ s.th.)

صدأ ṣada’a rust; oxidation; smut, rust (plant disease)

صداءة ṣadā’a rustiness

صدئ ṣadi’a rusty, rust-covered; dirty, mean, shabby

مصدأ maṣda’ rusty, rust-covered

صدح ṣadaḥa a (ṣadḥ, صداح ṣudāḥ) to chant, sing; to play (ب a song, a tune)

صدح ṣadaḥ banner

صدحات ṣadaḥāt (musical) strains

O صادح ṣādiḥ note raised a semitone, a sharp (mus.)

صدر ṣadara a i (صدور ṣudūr) to go out, step out (عن or من of, from within); to proceed, emanate, arise, originate, stem (عن or من from), have its origin (عن or من in); to come out, be issued, be promulgated (order, ordinance, law); to appear, be published (book); to leave, go out (mail); to go (الى to); to happen, occur, come to pass; pass. ṣudira to have a chest complaint | صدر عن الجد (jidd) to set about seriously, get to work earnestly; صدر عن ارادته to act on one’s own volition II to send, send off, dispatch, forward (هـ s.th.); to export (هـ s.th.); to publish, bring out (هـ a book); to preface (هـ a book); to introduce, commence (ب هـ a book with) III to seize, impound, confiscate (هـ s.th.); to urge, press, oppress (s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (ه ) way IV to send, send out, dispatch (هـ s.th.); to export (هـ s.th.); to issue (هـ s.th., e.g., banknotes, bonds), make out (هـ s.th., e.g., a passport); to publish, bring out (هـ s.th., e.g., a book); to give, issue (هـ an order); to pronounce, pass (هـ a legal sentence); to utter, express (هـ an opinion, a view) V to be sent, be dispatched; to preside (هـ over), head (هـ a group); to have a front seat (هـ at a social gathering); to resist, oppose (ل s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (ل ) way, stand in s.o.’s (ل ) way X to bring about, obtain (هـ s.th., esp. حكما ḥukman a legal judgment or sentence); to issue (marsūman an ordinance)

صدر ṣadr pl. صدور ṣudūr chest, breast, bust; bosom, heart; front part, front; part, portion; first hemistich; leader, commander; beginning, start, outset, commencement, inception; early period, beginnings, dawn (fig.) | صدر الدار one who occupies the highest position in the house, who plays first fiddle in the house; صدر رحب (raḥb) generosity, magnanimity; open-mindedness, broadmindedness, liberality, frankness, candor; صدر الإسلام early period of Islam, early Islam; الصدر الأعظم title of the Grand Vizier in the Ottoman Empire; grand vizier (Mor.); صدر المكان ṣ. al-makān the foremost part of a room; صدر النهار ṣ. an-nahār daybreak, beginning of the

day; ابو صدر robin (zool.); بنات الصدر banāt aṣ-ṣ. worries, anxieties, apprehensions; باب الصدر front door; ذات الصدر chest complaint; bottom of the heart, secret thoughts; رحب الصدر raḥb aṣ-ṣ. generous, magnanimous; open-minded, broad-minded, liberal; free of misgivings, unhesitating; رحيب الصدر do.; ضيق الصدر ḍayyiq aṣ-ṣ. annoyed, angry (ب at); disgruntled, depressed; منقبض الصدر munqabiḍ aṣ-ṣ. dejected, low-spirited, crestfallen; مكانة الصدر makānat aṣ-ṣ. first place, precedence, priority; واسع الصدر = رحب الصدر; صدرا من الزمان (zamān) quite a stretch of time, for some time; في الصدر in the foreground; سخم بصدره (sakkama) to irritate s.o., make s.o. angry; انشرح صدره inšaraḥa ṣadruhū to be gladdened, be pleased, be cheered, be happy, rejoice

صدري ṣadrī pectoral, chest (used attributively) | نزلة صدرية (nazla) bronchitis

صدرة ṣudra vest, waistcoat; camisole, (under)waist, bodice

صديري ṣudairī and صديرية pl. -āt vest, waistcoat; bodice

صدار ṣidār vest, waistcoat; (under-)waist, bodice

صدارة ṣadāra, ṣidāra precedence; presidency, chairmanship; first place, pre-eminence; grand vizierate, office, chancellery, or position, of the Grand Vizier (Mor.)

صدور ṣudūr coming out, appearance, publication (e.g., of a book), issuance (e.g., of an ordinance)

مصدر maṣdar pl. مصادر maṣādir starting point, point of origin; origin, source (fig.); (gram.) infinitive, verbal noun; absolute or internal object

تصدير taṣdīr sending (off), dispatch, forwarding; exportation, export; preface, foreword (of a book); issuance

مصادرة muṣādara seizure, confiscation

اصدار iṣdār exportation, export; issue, issuance, bringing out, edition, publication; making out, issuance | مصرف الاصدار maṣrif al-i. bank of issue

استصدار istiṣdār issue, making out; issuance

صادر ṣādir going out, emanating, originating; issued, come out, published, etc.; exportation, export; yield; الصادرات export goods, exports

مصدور maṣdūr affected with a pectoral ailment, phthisical, consumptive, tubercular

مصدر maṣdar export merchant, exporter

صدع ṣada‘a a (ṣad‘) to split, cleave, part, sunder (هـ s.th.); to crack, break (هـ an object), cause (هـ an object) to crack; to break (هـ through obstacles), conquer, overcome, surmount (هـ obstacles, difficulties) | صدع بالحق (ḥaqq) to come out openly with the truth; صدع بأمر (amr) to execute an order, comply with an order; pass. sudi‘a to have or get a headache II to cause a headache (ه to s.o.); to molest, harass, trouble (خاطره kāṭirahū s.o.); pas. ṣuddi‘a to have or get a headache V to get split, let cleft, come apart, burst, break, crack; to go to pieces; to reel, waver, be shaken; to separate (عن from), part (عن with) VII to get split, get cleft, come apart, break, crack; to be rudely interrupted; to break, dawn (morning)

صدع ṣad‘ pl. صدوع ṣudū‘ crevice, fissure, crack, break, rift, cleft

صداع ṣudā‘ headache

مصدوع maṣdū‘ having a crack, cracked, broken

صدغ ṣudg pl. اصداغ aṣdāg temple (anat.); earlock, lovelock (also قصة الصدغ quṣṣat aṣ-ṣ.)

صدغي ṣudgī temporal (anat.)

صدف ṣadafa i u (ṣadf, صدوف ṣudūf) to turn away (عن from), avoid, shun (عن s.o., s.th.); -- i (ṣadf) to turn (ه s.o.) away (عن from), discourage, restrain, deter (عن ه s.o. from); to happen by chance III to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), meet (ه s.o., هـ with s.th.); to meet unexpectedly, by chance (ه s.o.), light (هـ, ه on), come across s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), run into s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), encounter (هـ , s.o., s.th.); to coincide, be coincident, concur (هـ with s.th.); to fall (هـ on a given date); to happen by chance, come to pass (ان that) | صادف الاستحسان to meet with approval; صادف محله (maḥallahū) to come in handily, be convenient, be opportune V to turn away (عن from), avoid, shun (عن s.o., s.th.) VI to happen by chance, come to pass

صدف ṣadaf (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اصداف aṣdāf pearl oyster, sea shell, conch | صدفة الاذن ṣ. al-udun external ear, auricle, pinna

صدف ṣadaf, مرض الصدفية maraḍ aṣ-ṣadafīya a noncontagious skin disease, psoriasis (med.)

صدفي ṣadafī sea-shell, shell (adj.); nacreous, mother-of-pearl (adj.)

صدفة ṣudfa pl. صدف ṣudaf chance, haphazard, coincidence, unexpected concurrence; صدفة ṣudfatan by chance, by coincidence, accidentally | بالصدفة or بطريق الصدفة by chance, by coincidence, accidentally; as chance will have it, haphazardly

مصادفة muṣādafa pl. -āt encounter, meeting; chance, haphazard, coincidence, unexpected concurrence; muṣādafatan by chance, by coincidence, accidentally

مصادف muṣādif corresponding (ل to), concurrent (ل with a date of another chronological system), coincident (ل with), falling (ل on a given date)

صدق ṣadaqa u (ṣadq, ṣidq) to speak the truth, be sincere; to tell (ه s.o.) the truth (عن about); to prove to be true, turn out to be correct, come true; to be right; to fit exactly (على s.o. or s.th.), apply (على to), hold true (على of) | وعده or في وعده (fī wa‘dihī or wa‘dahū) to keep, or fulfill, one’s promise; صدقه النصيحة (naṣīḥata) to advice s.o. sincerely; صدقه الحب (ḥubba) to love s.o. sincerely, truly II to deem (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.) credible, accept (هـ s.th.) as true, give credence (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), believe, trust (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to consider or pronounce (هـ s.th.) to be true, right, correct or credible; to believe (ب in); to give one’s consent, to consent, assent, agree (على to s.th.), approve (على of s.th.), grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm, substantiate, attest, ratify, authenticate, legalize, verify (على s.th.) | لا يصدق (yuṣaddaqu) incredible, unbelievable, unreliable, untrustworthy; صدق او كذب ṣaddiq au kaddib (as an affirmative parenthesis) believe it or not III to treat (ه s.o.) &s a friend; to maintain one’s friendship (ه with s.o.); to be or become friends (ه with s.o.), befriend (ه s.o.); to give one’s consent, to consent, assent, agree (على to s.th.), approve (على of), grant, license, sanction, certify, confirm, substantiate (على s.th.); to legalize, authenticate (على a signature, etc.) IV to fix a (bridal) dower (ها for a woman) V to give alms (على to s.o.); to give as alms, donate (على to s.o., ب s.th.)

صدق ṣidq truth, trueness, truthfulness; sincerity, candor; veracity, correctness (of an allegation); efficiency; صدقا ṣidqan truly, really, in truth

صدقة ṣadaqa pl. -āt alms, charitable gift; almsgiving, charity, voluntary contribution of alms, freewill offering; legally prescribed alms tax (Isl. Law) | صدقة الفطر ṣ. al-fiṭr almsgivings at the end of Ramadan (Isl. Law)

صداق ṣadāq, sidāq pl. صدق ṣuduq, اصدقة aṣdiqa (bridal) dower; -- (pl. اصدقة ) marriage contrast (tun.)

صداقة ṣadāqa pl. ·41 friendohip

صديق ṣadīq pl. اصدقاء aṣdiqā’2, صدقاء ṣudaqā’2, صدقان ṣudqān friend; friendly, connected by bonds of friendship

صدوق ṣadūq veracious, truthful, honest, sincere

صديق ṣiddīq strictly veracious, honest, righteous, upright; الصديق epithet of the first Caliph, Abū Bakr

اصدق aṣdaq2 truer, sincerer | اصدق برهان على (a. burhānin) the most reliable, or best, proof for ...; اصدق صديق the most loyal, or best, friend

مصداق miṣdāq confirmation, corroboration, substantiation; touchstone, criterion

تصديق taṣdīq belief, faith (ب in); consent, assent, agreement (على to), approval, sanctioning, licensing, certification, confirmation, attestation, ratification, verification, authentication, legalization (على of s.th.) | سرعة التصديق sur‘at at-t. credulity; سريع التصديق credulous مصادقة muṣādaqa consent, assent, agreement (على to), concurrence (على in); approval, sanctioning, certification, confirmation, attestation, ratification (على of s.th.); legalization, authentication (على of a document)

تصادق taṣāduq legalization, authentication (على of a document)

صادق ṣādiq true, truthful, veracious, sincere, candid; reliable; accurate, true, genuine, faithful, authentic

مصدقة muṣaddiqa certificate, certification, attestation

مصدق muṣaddaq credible, believable, reliable, trustworthy | غير مصدق incredible; مصدق عليه رسميا (rasmīyan) legalized, officially certified

صيدلي look up alphabetically

صدم ṣadama i (ṣadm) to bump, strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run (هـ, ه against), hit (a upon); to run (ه into s.o., e.g., an automobile, etc.); to collide, clash (ب with, e.g., train with car) ill to bump, strike, knock, dash, bounce, bang, run (هـ, ه againat s.o. or s.th.); to resist, oppose (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), battle (هـ, ه against); to encounter (hostilely), clash; pass. صودم ṣūdima to be severely afflicted (ب by) VI to collide (e.g., trains), encounter (armies); to clash, conflict (e.g., different opinions) VIII to collide, clash (ب or مع with); to bump, strike, run (ب against), hit (ب s.th., e.g., a mine); to take offense (ب at, e.g., at mistakes), take exception (ب to); to fail (ب due to), be thwarted (ب by); = VI

صدمة ṣadma pl. ṣadamāt push, thrust, jolt, shook, blow, stroke; upset, commotion, (psychic) shock; obstacle, difficulty

صدام ṣidām collision, clash; breakdown, collapse | صدام وجداني (wijdānī) mental breakdown

مصادمة muṣādama, pl. -āt collision, clash, impact

تصادم taṣādum collision, clash; bounce, impact (ب on); upset, commotion, (psychic) shock | طاسة التصادم buffer (railroad)

اصطدام iṣṭidām collision, clash; bounce, impact (ب on); upset, commotion, (psychic) shock

صدى ṣadiya II (ṣadan) to be very thirsty IV to echo, resound, reverberate V to occupy o.s. (ل or الى with); to turn, apply o.s. (ل or الى to s.th.); to undertake (ل or الى s.th.), embark (ل or الى upon); to oppose, resist, counteract, antagonize (ل s.o.), throw obstacles in s.o.’s (ل ) way, be in s.o.’s (ل ) way

صدى , صدا ṣadan pl. اصداء aṣdā’ echo, reverberation

تصدية taṣdiya hand clapping

صر ṣarra i (ṣarr, صرير ṣarīr) to chirp, stridulate (cricket); to creak (door); to squeak, screech; to grate, scratch; to gnash, chatter (teeth); to lace, cord, tie up, truss up, bind (هـ s.th.); to shove, put (هـ في money into a purse); to prick up (هـ or ب one’s ears) IV to persist (على in), insist (على on); to make up one’s mind, resolve, determine, decide (على to do s.th.); to prick up (هـ or ب one’s ears)

صرة ṣurra pl. صرر ṣurar (money) bag, purse; bundle, packet, parcel | الصرة or صرة الحرمين ṣ. al-ḥaramain the ṣurra for Mecca and Medina, the traditional funds sent by the different Islamic countries (nowadays, e.g., by Egypt and Tunisia) with the hadj caravan to be distributed among the poor of Mecca and Medina; امين الصرة the Trustee of the ṣurra (who is responsible for its delivery); صرة النقود cash remittance

صرير ṣarīr chirping, stridulation (of crickets); squeaking, screeching

صرار ṣarrār or صرار الليل ṣ. al-lail cricket (zool.)

صريرة ṣarīra coins wrapped in a purse

اصرار iṣrār penitence, perseverance (على in), insistences (على on) | سبق الإصرار sabq al-i. premeditation, willfulness (jur.)

مصر muṣirr persistent, insistent; determined, resolute

الصرب aṣ-ṣirb Serbia; the Serbs

صربي ṣirbī Serbian

صرح ṣaruḥa u (صراحة ṣarāḥa, صروحة ṣurūḥa) to be or become pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; -- ṣaraḥa a (ṣarḥ) to make clear, clarify, explicate, explain (هـ s.th.) II to explain, explicate, clarify, make clear (هـ s.th.); to declare, state, announce (ب s.th.), make a statement (ب about); to speak out frankly, openly, be clear, be explicit (ب, عن about), let (ب, عن s.th.) be known; to allow, permit, grant (ب ل to s.o. s.th.); to license (ب s.th.), give a permit, grant a license (ب for) III to speak frankly, openly; to speak out frankly or openly, be clear, be explicit (ب about), avow (ب s.th.), let (ب s.th.) be known; to declare (ه ان to s.o. that) IV to make clear, clarify, explicate, explain (هـ s.th.) VI to become clear, evident, manifest, come to light VII to become evident, manifest, clear

صرح ṣarḥ pl. ṣurūḥ castle, palace, lofty edifice, imposing structure

صراح ṣurāḥ pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated, clear; distinct, plain, obvious, evident, patent, manifest, unambiguous, unequivocal

صريح ṣarīḥ pl. صرحاء ṣuraḥā’2, صرائح ṣarā’iḥ2 pure, unadulterated, uncontaminated; clear; distinct, plain, obvious, evident, patent, manifest, unambiguous, unequivocal; open, frank, sincere, candid; free, openhearted

صراحة ṣarāḥa clearness clarity, distinctness, plainness; unambiguousness; openness, frankness, candor, sincerity, openheartedness; ṣarāḥatan clearly, plainly, distinctly, patently, unequivocally, unambiguously; openly, frankly, bluntly, straightforward, honestly, openheartedly

اصرح aṣraḥ2 purer, clearer; sincerer

تصريح taṣrīḥ pl. -āt, تصاريح taṣārīḥ2 (public) statement, declaration; permission, (official) permit, license

صرخ ṣaraka u (صراخ ṣurāk, صريخ ṣarīk) to cry, yell, scream, shriek, shout; to cry for help; to call (ب s.o.); to call out, shout (على to s.o.); to yell, bellow, roar (في or في وجهه at s.o.) | صرخ صرخة (ṣarkatan) to cry out, let out a cry X to cry for help; to call (ه to s.o.) for help

صرخة ṣarka pl. -āt cry, outcry, yell, scream; call for help

صراخ ṣurāk crying, yelling; clamor, screaming, screams

صريخ ṣarīk crying, yelling; clamor, screaming, screams

صراخ ṣarrāk crier, screamer, bawler; peacock

صاروخ ṣārūk pl. صواريخ ṣawārīk2 rocket; siren (magr.) | O صاروخ عابر القارات intercontinental ballistic missile ICBM

قنبلة صاروخية qunbula ṣārūkīya rocket bomb, guided missile

صارخ ṣārik gaudy, flashy (color); glaring (color, light); crude, gross, coarse; noisy, loud; crier, caller

صرد ṣard severe cold (spell)

صراد ṣarrāad drifting clouds, cirrus

صريد ṣurraid drifting clouds, cirrus

صرصر ṣarṣara to let out a piercing cry, scream shrilly

ريح صرصر rīḥ ṣarṣar violent, cold wind, icy gale

صرصر ṣurṣur pl. صراصير ṣarāṣīr2 a variety of cockroach (Blatta aegyptiaca; zool.); cricket (zool.)

صرصور ṣurṣūr pl. صراصير ṣarāṣīr2 cricket (zool.); cockroach (syr.)

صرصار ṣarṣār cricket (zool.)

صراط ṣirāṯ way, path, road

صرع ṣara‘a a (ṣar‘, ṣir‘, مصرع maṣra‘) to throw down, fell, bring to the ground (ه s.o.); -- pass. ṣuri‘a to be epileptic, have an epileptic fit; to be or go mad III to wrestle (also as a sport), fight (ه with s.o.) VI to wrestle with one another VII to be or go mad VIII = VI

صرع ṣar‘ epilepsy

صرع ṣur‘ rein

صريع ṣarī‘ pl. صرعى ṣar‘ā thrown to the ground, felled; epileptic; demented, insane, mad, crazy; (with foll. genit.) succumbing to s.th., fallen victim to s.th., | سقط صريعا to be killed (in battle); صريع الشراب ṣ. aš-šarāb addicted to the bottle; صريع الكرى ṣ. al-karā overcome by sleep

مصرع maṣra‘ pl. مصارع maṣāri‘2 battle-ground; ruin, destruction, perdition, death; fatal accident; vital part of the body (the injury of which can cause death)

مصراع miṣrā‘ pl. مصاريع maṣārī‘2 leaf of a door; hemistich | صفائح المصراع door panel; الباب مفتوح على مصراعيه (miṣrā‘aihi) the door is wide open

صراع ṣirā‘ wrestling, wrestling match; fight, struggle

مصارعة muṣāra‘a wrestling, wrestling match; fight, struggle

اصطراع iṣṭirā‘ fight, struggle, conflict, controversy

مصروع maṣrū‘ thrown to the ground, felled; epileptic; demented, insane, mad, crazy

مصارع muṣāri‘ wrestler; fighter

صرف ṣarafa i (ṣarf) to turn; to turn away, avert (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to dissuade, alienate, keep away (عن ه s.o. from); to divert, distract (عن ه s.o. from); to turn, direct (الى ه s.th., e.g., one’s eyes, one’s attention, to s.th.); to grant leave, dismiss, send away (ه s.o.); to give s.o. (ه ) the brush-olf; to spend, expend (على ه money for); to defray the cost (على of s.th.), pay (على for s.th.); to pay out, disburse (ل هـ money to); to issue, give out (هـ s.th., e.g., tickets), make out (هـ s.th., e.g., a permit); to spend, devote (ل or الى or في هـ time, effort on); to pass, spend (في هـ time at s.th., doing s.th.); to change money (هـ ); to inflect (هـ a word) | صرف النظر عن (naẓar) to avert one’s glance from, disregard s.th., pay no attention to s.th., leave s.th. out of consideration; -- i (صريف ṣarīf) to creak, grate II to cause to flow off, draw off (هـ water); to drain (هـ land); to dispatch, expedite, wind up, liquidate (هـ business); to change money (هـ ); to market, retail, distribute, sell (هـ merchandise), dispose (هـ of merchandise); to circulate (هـ s.th.); to give a free hand (ه في to s.o. in s.th.), let (ه s.o.) dispose freely (في over, in), grant the right of disposal (في ه to s.o. over or in s.th.); to inflect (هـ a word), conjugate (هـ a verb), decline (هـ a noun) V to act independently; to dispose freely, have the right of disposal (في over); to move freely, act without restriction (في in), administer (freely) (في s.th.); to behave, act, conduct o.s., comport o.s. ; to exercise sacerdotal functions (Copt.-Chr.); to be inflected (gram.); to be derived | تصرف تصرفا كيفيا في (taṣarrufan kaifīyan) to proceed arbitrarily in or at VII to turn away; to go away, depart (عن from), leave (عن s.th.); to give up, abandon, relinquish, quit (عن s.o., s.th.); to flow off, drain; to pass on, change over, turn one’s attention (الى to s.th.); to proceed (الى to some activity or to do s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (الى to s.th.); to be spent, be expended (money); to be issued, be made out (e.g.. ticket); to be fully, i.e., triptotically, inflected | انصرف الى نفسه to withdraw by o.s., isolate o.s.; انصرف يفعل to set about to do s.th., proceed to do s.th.

صرف ṣarf averting, turning away; expenditure, expense; spending, use, application (e.g., of time, of effort, etc.); issuance, issue, making out; disbursement; money changing; barter (Isl. Law); drainage; inflection (gram.); (pl. صروف ṣurūf) adversities, misfortunes (also صروف الدهر ṣurūf ad-dahr) | محطة الصرف maḥaṭṭat aṣ-ṣ. (el.) power station; drainage station, pumping

station; سعر الصرف ṣi'r aṣ-ṣ. exchange rate; علم الصرف ‘ilm aṣ-ṣ. morphology (gram.); ممنوع من الصرف indeclinable (gram.); بصرف النظر عن (bi-ṣ. in-naẓar) regardless of, irrespective of, notwithstanding, to say nothing of

صرف ṣirf pure, unadulterated, unmixed; mere, sheer, absolute

صرفيات ṣarfīyāt payments, disbursements

صريف ṣarīf squeak(ing), creak(ing), squeal(ing)

صراف ṣarrāf money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer; paymaster; banker

صرافة ṣarrafa (woman) cashier | صرافة التذاكير (woman) ticket agent

صيرف ṣairaf pl. صيارف ṣayārif2 money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer

صيرفي ṣairafī pl. صيارفة ṣayārifa money changer; cashier, teller, treasurer

صريفة ṣarīfa pl. صرائف ṣarā’if2 reedmat hut

مصرف maṣrif pl. مصارف maṣārif2 drainage canal, drainage ditch, drain; bank; pay office, teller’s window (at a bank)

تصريف taṣrīf drawing off (of water), drainage; sale, retail, disposal, distribution; change, alteration; inflection, declension, conjugation | تصاريف الدهر t. ad-dahr the vicissitudes of fate; تصريف الشئون settlement, windup, or management, of affairs

تصرف taṣarruf pl. -āt free disposal (في over), right of disposal; usufruct; administration; action, way of acting, demeanor, behavior, conduct; outflow, efflux, effluence, output (in terms of the capacity of a pump), discharge, throughput, quantity of water flowing through; pl. تصرفات measures, dispositions, regulations | تصرف منجز (munjaz) regulation effective immediately (Isl. Law); حسن التصرف ḥusn at-t. discretion; مطلق التصرف muṭlaq at-t. having unrestricted right of disposal,

invested with full power; بتصرف freely; تحت تصرفه at s.o.’s disposal; وضع شيئا تحت تصرفه to put s.th. at s.o.’s disposition; تصرفات الزمن t. az-zaman the vicissitudes of time

انصراف inṣirāf going away, leave, departure; avertedness, aversion (عن to); abstention (عن from). renunciation (عن of)

مصروف devoted, dedicated (الى to s.th.); money spent, expenditure; pl. -āt, مصاريف maṣārīf2 expenses, expenditures, costs | مصروف البريد and مصاراف البريد postage; مصروف الجيب m. al-jaib pocket money; خالص المصاريف postage free, franked; وفى المصاريف (wafā) to cover the cocte, defray the expense; مصروف من الخدمة (kidma) dismissed, discharged

متصرف mutaṣarrif approx.: provincial governor (Ir.; administering anyone of the 14 liwā’, q.v.); former title of a Turkish administrative officer in Arab countries

متصرف mutaṣarrifa jurisdiction of a mutaṣarrif (q.v.), approx.: province; dignity, government, authority, etc., of a mutaṣarrif

منصرف munṣarif fully inflected, i.e., triptotical (gram.); المنصرف the money spent, expenditures

منصرف munṣarif departure, leave, going away | لا منصرف عنه (munṣarafa) indispensable, inevitable; منصرفهم munṣarafahum at their departure, when they left; في صرف النهار (m. in-nahār) at the parting of day, at day’s end

1 صرم ṣaruma u (صرم ṣarāma) to be sharp; to be stern, hard, harsh, severe; -- ṣrama i (ṣarm, ṣurm) to cut, cut off, sever (هـ s.th.); to leave, forsake (ه s.o.), separate (ه from s.o.), part (ه with s.o.) II to cut, cut off, cut through, sever, separate (هـ s.th.) V to decrease, wane, dwindle; to elapse, go by, pass; to be past, be bygone, be over (time) VII to elapse, go by, pass; to be past. be bygone, be over (time)

صرم ṣarm severance, separation

صرمة ṣirma pl. صرم ṣiram herd of camels

صرامة ṣarāma sharpness, keenness; harshness, sternness, severity, rigor, unfriendliness

صريمة ṣarīma horse bridle

مصارمة muṣārama estrangement, break, antagonism, hostility

صارم ṣārim sharp, harsh, hard, severe, stem

منصرم munṣarim elapsed, past, bygone (period of time)

2 صرم ṣurm = سرم

3 صرم ṣarma pl. صرم ṣuram (eg.) shoe

صرمايا ṣurmāyā pl. -āt, صرامى ṣarāmī (syr.) shoe made of red or yellow leather; shoes

مصارين see مصر

صار ṣārin and صارية ṣāriya pl. صوار ṣawārin mast, pole | صارى العلم ṣ. l-‘alam flagpole

مصطبة maṣṭaba, miṣṭaba pl. مصاطب maṣāṭib2 outdoor stone bench (built into the side of a house), maṣṭaba

مصطول maṣṭūl fool

صعب ṣa‘uba u (صعوبة ṣu‘ūba) to be hard, difficult (على for); to be embarrassing, shocking, unpleasant (على for, to) II to make hard, make difficult (على for s.o. s.th.); to present as difficult (على to s.o. s.th.) V to become difficult; to make (هـ s.th.) hard or difficult VI to be difficult (of a person); to be hard to please X to find or consider difficult (هـ s.th.)

صعب ṣa‘b pl. صعاب ṣi‘āb hard, difficult; pl. difficulties | صعب الاحتمال hard to bear, oppressive; صعب الارضاء ṣ. al-irḍā’ hard to please, fastidious; صعب المراس obstinate, stubborn, self-opinionated, recalcitrant, headstrong; عملة صعبة (‘umla) hard currency

صعوبة ṣu‘ūba difficulty | صعوبة المراس obstinacy, stubbornness, recalcitrance, refractoriness

مصاعب maṣā‘ib2 difficulties

صعتر ṣa‘tar wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum; bot.)

صعد ṣa‘ida a (صعود ṣu‘ūd) to rise, go up; to lift, climb, ascend, slope upward; to mount, scale, ascend, climb (هـ s.th.), climb up (هـ on s.th.); to take off (airplane); صعد به الى to make s.o. ascend, lead s.o. up to … II to ascend, mount; to go upstream; to travel to Upper Egypt; to send up (ه s.o.); to cause (هـ s.th.) to rise or ascend; to heave

(from one’s breast), utter (هـ sigh, wails, and the like); to cause (s.th.) to evaporate, vaporize, volatilize (هـ s.th.); to sublimate (هـ s.th.; chem.) | صعد الزفرات (zafarāt) to heave deep sighs IV to make (ه s.o.) ascend or advance; to ascend (الى to elevated terrain); to go upstream; to travel up, travel V to evaporate, vaporize VI to rise, lift, ascend

صعود ṣu‘ūd height, altitude

صعدة ṣa‘da pl. ṣa‘adāt rise, incline; slope, declivity

صعود ṣu‘ūd rising, lifting, ascending; take-off (of an airplane); ascent; boom; advance (الى toward) | صعود الرب ṣ. ar-rabb and عيد الصعود ‘īd aṣ-ṣ. Ascension Day (Chr.)

صعود ṣa‘ūd steep hill

صعيد ṣa‘īd pl. صعود ṣu‘ūd highland, upland, plateau; الصعيد and صعيد مصر ṣ. miṣr Upper Egypt | في صعيد واحد on a common basis, on common ground, on equal footing, without distinction, indiscriminately; على صعيد واحد congenial, like-minded, kindred in spirit, agreed

صعيدي ṣa‘īdī pl. صعايدة ṣa‘āyida Upper Egyptian

صعداء ṣu‘adā’2 (deep) sigh | تنفس الصعداء tanaffasa ṣ-ṣu‘adā’ to sigh (deeply), heave a (deep) sigh

مصعد maṣ‘ad pl. مصاعد maṣā‘id2 point of ascent

مصعد miṣ‘ad pl. مصاعد maṣā‘id2 elevator, lift; O anode

مصعدة miṣ‘ada elevator, lift

صاعد ṣā‘id pl. صواعد ṣawā‘id 2 rising, ascending (also, e.g., of vapors) | فصاعدا fa-ṣā‘idan and beyond that, and more; من -- فصاعدا from -- on, from --upward; من الآن فصاعدا (min al-āna) from now on, henceforth

متصاعد mutaṣā‘id rising, ascending (also, e.g., of vapors)

صعر ṣa‘ra a (ṣa‘ar) to be awry (face; with pride) II صعر خده (kaddahū) to put on a contemptuous mien

صعق ṣa‘aqa a (صاعقة ṣā‘iqa) to strike s.o. (ه ) down with lightning, destroy, hit, slay (ه s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make unconscious (ه s.o.); -- ṣa‘iqa a and pass. ṣi‘iqa (ṣa‘aq, صعقة ṣa‘qa) to be thunderstruck; to lose consciousness | صعق في مكانه (makānihī) to stop dead in one's tracks, stand as if thunderstruck IV to strike down, slay, destroy (ه s.o.; of lightning); to stun, stupefy, make unconscious (ه s.o.) VII to be struck by lightning

صعق ṣa‘aq thunder, peal of thunder

صعق ṣa‘iq thunderstruck, dumfounded

صاعقة ṣā‘iqa pl. صواعق ṣawā‘iq 2 bolt of lightning, thunderbolt

مصعوق maṣ‘ūq struck by lightning; thunderstruck, stupefied, dumfounded; crushed, destroyed

صعلكة ṣa‘laka loitering, loafing

صعلوك ṣu‘lūk pl. صعاليك ṣa‘ālīk2 utterly destitute; have-not, pauper, poor wretch; beggar; tramp, vagabond, loafer

صغر ṣagura u (ṣigar, صغارة ṣagāra) and ṣagira a (ṣagar) to be or become small, little, scanty; to diminish, decrease, wane, dwindle; to be young; to be lowly, submissive, servile, humble; -- ṣagara u (ṣagr) to be younger (ب ه than

s.o. by) | ما صغرني الا بسنة (bi-sanatin) he was only one year younger than I

II to make small(er) or little(r), lessen, minimize, reduce, diminish, decrease (هـ s.th.); to belittle, deride, ridicule, debase, bemean (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to form a diminutive (هـ of a noun) VI to prove o.s. contemptible, be servile, fawn, cringe, grovel X to deem (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) small, little or paltry; to make light (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.), undervalue (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to think little (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.) | استصغر نفسه (nafsahū) to feel inferior

صغر ṣigar smallness, littleness, scantiness, paltriness, paucity, insignificance; youthfulness, juvenility (also صغر السن ṣ. as-sinn) صغرة ṣigra: هو صغرة ابويه (ṣ. abawaihi) he is the youngest of his parents’ children

صغير ṣagīr pl. صغار ṣigār, صغراء ṣugarā’2 small, little; paltry, scanty, insignificant; tiny, minute; young, juvenile, minor; a minor, one under age | صغير السن ṣ. s-sinn young; صغير النفس ṣ. an-nafs mean-spirited, base, servile,

Toadying, cringing, groveling صغار الموظفين ṣ. al-muwaẓẓafīn small officials, subaltern officials; العيد الصغير (‘īd) Little Bairam, i.e., the feast of fast breaking on the1st of Shawwal; كل صغيرة وكبيرة kullu ṣ. wa-kabīra every detail

صغير ṣagīra pl. صغائر ṣagā’ir2 venial sin (Isl. Law); minor mistake; pl. trivialities, trifles

صغارة ṣagāra littleness, paltriness, scantiness, paucity; lowliness, servility, humility, humbleness

اصغر aṣgar f. صغرى ṣugrā pl. m. اصاغر aṣāgir2 smaller, littler; younger | اصغر الشرين a. aš-šarrain the lesser of two evils, آسيا الصغرى Asia Minor; الدول الصغرى (duwal) the small countries; سوريا الصغرى (sūriyā) Palestine; النهاية الصغرى the minimum

تصغير taṣgīr diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction | اسم التصغير ism at-t. diminutive (gram.)

اصغار iṣgār disdain, contempt, disregard

تصاغر taṣāgur servility, toadying, cringing, groveling

صاغر ṣāgir low, lowly, despised, contemptible, humiliated, meek, dejected; submissive, servile; subject (ل to s.o.)

مصغر muṣaggar reduced, decreased, diminished | في صورة صغيرة (ṣūra) on a reduced or small scale, in miniature; فلم مصغر (film) microfilm

صغو ) and صغا (صغي ṣagā u (صغو ṣagw, sugūw) to incline, bend, lean (الى to, toward); -- صغي ṣagiya a (ṣagan, ṣugīy) to incline, bend, lean (الى to, toward); to listen (ل to) IV to listen, pay attention, lend one’s ear (ل or الى to s.th., to s.o.). heed (ل or الى s.th.)

صغو ṣagw and صغا ṣagan inclination, disposition, tendency, affection, attachment, good will

اصغاء isgā’ attention, attentiveness

صاغ ṣāgin inclined, disposed, attentive; listener, hearer

مصغ attentive; listener, hearer

1 صفة see وصف

2 صف ṣaffa u (ṣaff) to set up in a row or line, line up, align, array, arrange, order (هـ s.th.); to eat, compose (هـ type, typ.); to range, class, classify (مع ه s.o. among); to cut (هـ s.th.) in strips II to set up in a row or line, line up, align, array, arrange, order (هـ s.th.); to comb (هـ the hair) straight VI to line up, take position in a row or line, stand in a row or line, be lined up, be aligned, be strung in a line VIII - VI; to fall in, stand in formation (of a military detachment) | اصطف الى جانب الطريق to line the rood, form a lane (e.g., troops, police, etc.)

صف ṣaff aligning or arranging in a line or row; -- (pl. صفوف ṣufūf) row, line, file, rank, queue; row, or tier, of seats; grade, form (in school), class course, section, division, group | صف الدم ṣ. ad-dam, blood group; آلة صف الحروف typesetting machine, ضابط الصف (also صف ضابط pl. صف ضباط ) non-commissioned officer; انتظم صفوفا intaẓama ṣufūfan to line up in rows or files

صفة ṣuffa pl. صفف ṣufaf (stone) molding; ledge

صفاف ṣaffāf and صفاف الحروف type-setter, compositor

مصف maṣaff pl. مصاف maṣaff2 position (of an army); battle line; row, line, file; composing stick (typ.) | رفعه الى مصاف (with foll. genit.) to class s.o. with, put s.o. on the same level with

صفح ṣafaḥa a (ṣafḥ) to broaden, widen, flatten, beat into a leaf, foliate, plate (هـ s.th.); to pardon, forgive (عن s.o., s.th.) II to broaden, widen, flatten,

beat into a leaf, foliate (هـ s.th.); to roll out (هـ s.th.); to plate, overlay, or cover, with metal plates (هـ s.th.); to armor (هـ s.th.); to equip, furnish, cover (هـ ب s.th. with) ill to shake hands (ه with s.o.); to greet (.s.o.); to touch (هـ s.th.) lightly or gently, graze (هـ s.th.), brush, glide (هـ over s.th.), pass, blow (هـ over s.th., of the wind, breath, etc.) | صافح سمعه (sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s ear V to leaf, thumb (هـ a book, etc.); to examine, scrutinize, regard, study (هـ s.th.) VI to shake hands X to ask s.o.’s (ه ) forgiveness (هـ for), apologize (هـ ه to s.o. for)

صفح ṣafḥ pardon, forgiveness; (pl. صفاح ṣifāḥ) side, surface | ضرب (اضرب) عنه صفحا to turn away from s.o. or s.th., pass over s.o. or s.th., ignore, snub, slight, disregard s.o. or s.th., desist from s.th.

صفحة ṣafḥa pl. ṣafaḥāt outside, exterior; plane, surface; page; leaf, sheet; phase

صفيح ṣafīḥ broad side or surface; sheet iron; tin, tinplate; tin plates, tin sheets

صفيحة ṣafīḥa pl. صفائح ṣafā’iḥ2 plate, sheet (of metal), leaf (of wood), slab, flag (of stone), ledger stone (on a tomb); tin plate, tin sheet; can, jerry can | صفائح المصراع ṣ. al-miṣrā‘ door panel; O صفائح المقول ṣ. al-miqwal phonograph records, gramophone discs

صفوح ṣafūhḥ forgiving, reedy to forgive

صفاح ṣuffāḥ pl. -āt, صفافيح ṣafāfīḥ plate, sheet, leaf; flagstone, stone slab

تصفيح taṣfīḥ plating

تصفح taṣaffuḥ examination, scrutinization, scrutiny, study

مصفح muṣaffaḥ, shaped into plates or thin layers, plated, foliated; armored, armor clad, ironclad, metal-covered| خشب مصفح (kašab) plywood; سيارة مصفحة (sayyāra) armored car

مصفحة muṣaffaḥa pl. -āt armored car, armored reconnaissance car (mil.)

صفد ṣafda i (ṣafd) to bind, fetter, shackle (ه s.o.) II and IV = I

صفد ṣafad pl. اصفاد aṣfād bond, tie, fetter

صفاد ṣifād bond, tie, fetter | صفاد اليدين ṣ. al-yadain manacle, handcuff

1 صفر ṣafara i (صفير ṣafīr) to whistle (bird, person); to hiss (snake); to chirp, stridulate (cricket); to seream (siren) II = I

صفير ṣafīr whistling, whistle, etc. (see above); high, thin tone (e.g., of a flute) | حروف الصفير sibilants; -- see also below and alphabetically

صفارة ṣaffāra pl. -āt whistle; siren | صفارة الأمان ṣ. al-amān all-clear siren; صفارة الإنذار ṣ. al-indār warning siren

2 صفر II to dye yellow, make yellow, to yellow (هـ s.th.) IX to turn yellow, to

yellow; to pale, become pale | اصفر وجهه (wajhuhū) he grew pale, he turned white

صفر ṣufr brass; money

صفر ṣafar jaundice

صفرة ṣufra yellow color, yellowness, yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face)

صفار ṣafar yellow color, s.th. yellow; pallor, paleness |صفار البيضة ṣ. al-baiḍa egg yolk

صفار ṣaffār pl. ة brass founder

اصفر aṣfar2, f. صفراء ṣafrā’2, pl. صفر ṣufr yellow; pale, pallid, wan | ضحكة صفراء (ḍaḥka) forced, or embarrassed, laugh; نحاس صفر (nuḥās) brass

صفراء ṣafrā’ bile, gall

صفير (eg.) golden oriole (zool.)

صفارية ṣufārīya golden oriole (zool.)

صفراوي ṣafrāwī bilious; choleric | الحمى الصفراوية (ḥummā) yellow fever; ضحكة صفراوية (ḍaḥka) bitter, or sardonic, laugh (= Fr. rire jaune)

اصفرار iṣfirār yellowing, yellow; pallor, paleness (of the face)

مصفر muṣfarr yellow-colored; pale, pallid, wan

3 صفر ṣafira a (ṣafar, صفور ṣufūr) to be empty, be devoid, vacant (من of) | صفرت يده من الشيء (ṣafirat yaduhū) to have lost s.th. II to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, free (هـ s.th.) IV = II

صفر ṣafr, ṣifr, ṣufr, ṣafir, ṣufur pl. اصفار aṣfār empty, void, devoid, (من of), free (من from) | صفر اليدين ṣifr al-yadain empty-handed

صفر ṣifr zero, naught; nothing

اصفر aṣfar empty, void

مصفر muṣfir empty-handed | مصفر اليد m. al-yad with an empty hand; مصفر اليد من كل شيء without any possessions at all, completely destitute

4 صفر ṣafar pl. اصفار aṣfār Safar, name of the second month of the Mohammedan year

1 صفصف ṣafṣaf (coll.; n. un. ة ) a variety of willow (Salix Safsaf F.; bot.)

2 صفصف ṣafṣaf even, level; waste, desolate, barren, empty | قاع صفصف wasteland, desolate area; جعله قاعا صفصفا to devastate s.th., lay s.th. waste

صفع ṣafa‘a a (ṣaf‘) to cuff, buffet, slap lightly (ه s.o.); to slap s.o.’s (ه ) face, box s.o.’s (ه ) ears; to violate (هـ a rule) VI to slap one another

صفعة ṣaf‘a (n. vic.) slap, cuff, smack; blow

صفاع ṣaffā‘ pl. -ūn a kind of buffoon

صفق ṣafaqa i (ṣafq) to slap, smack (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to aet into motion (هـ s.th.); to flap, clap; to shut, slam, bang (هـ a door); -- ṣafuqa u (صفاقة ṣafāqa) to be thick, heavy, close in texture (cloth) II to flap, clap, smack; to clap one’s hands (also بيديه ), applaud (ل s.o.); to flap (ب the wings)

صفقة ṣafqa pl. ṣafaqāt handclasp (in concluding a deal); conclusion of a contract (Isl. Law); deal, bargain, transaction | صفقة خاسرة poor deal, bad bargain; صفقة رابحة favorable deal, good bargain; صفقة واحدة ṣafqatan wāḥidatan all at once, wholly, entirely, altogether; اعطى صفقة (a‘ṭā), عقد صفقة to conclude a bargain, effect a transaction; عاد (رجع) بصفقة المغبون to lose the game, return empty-handed; كانت له الصفقة الخاسرة do.

صفاق ṣifāq pl. صفق ṣufuq dermis underskin; peritoneum

صفيق ṣafīq pl. صفاق ṣifāq thick, heavy, close in texture (cloth) | صفيق الوجه ṣ. al-wajh impudent, insolent, brazen

صفاقة ṣafāqa impudence, insolence, brazenness

تصفيق taṣfīq hand clapping; applause, acclaim | تصفيق الاستحسان applause

صفاكس ṣafākis2 Sfax (aeaport in Tunisia)

1 صفن ṣafana i to stand with one foot (ب ) slightly raised; to pore, brood, ponder, reflect, muse

صفن ṣafan pl. اصفان aṣfān scrotum

2 صفين ṣafīn (Juniperus Sabina; bot.)

صفا (صفو ) ṣafā u (ṣafw, ṣufūw, صفاء ṣafā’) to be or become clear, unpolluted, limpid, cloudless, untroubled, serene, undisturbed, pure; صفا لـ to apply o.s. to s.th. with clear intent, devote o.s. wholeheartedly to, be completely given to, be solely preoccupied with, be exclusively ready for (heart, mind) II to make clear, limpid, pure, clarify, clear, purify (هـ s.th.); to settle, straighten out (مسألة mas’alatan a question, a problem); to remove the water, pour off the water (هـ from s.th., e.g., in cooking; also صفاه من الماء ); to rid of moisture, dry out (هـ s.th.); to clarify, purify, rectify (هـ s.th., من by removing s.th.); to filter, strain (هـ s.th.); to settle, pay, liquidate (هـ s.th.); to realize (هـ assets) III to be sincere (ه toward s.o), deal honestly (ه with s.o.) IV = III (ه or ل ): to be no longer in a position (to ), posses no longer, forfeit; to cease composing poetry (poet) | اصفاه بالشيء to have s.o. in mind for s.th., choose, select, or single out s.o. for s.th.. grant s.o. s.th. in preference to others, bestow upon s.o. s.th. (دون فلان which others do not have) VI to be sincere toward one another, be honest with one another, be of pure intent toward one another VIII to choose, select (ه s.o.) X = VIII; to deem (هـ s.th.) clear or pure | استصفى ماله to realize all one’s assets; to confiscate s.o.’s property

صفو ṣafw clearness, clarity, limpidity, untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity, purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity, pleasure, delight; clear, limpid; untroubled, undisturbed, serene, pure, sheer

صفوة ṣafwa the best, or choicest, part, prime, cream, flower, elite, quintessence

صفا ṣafan (coll.: n. un. صفاة ṣafāh pl. صفوات ṣafawāt) stone(s), rock(s)

صفوان ṣafwān stones, rocks

صفوة ṣifwa sincere friend, best friend, bosom friend

صفاء ṣafā’ clearness, clarity, limpidity, untroubledness, cloudlessness, serenity, purity, sheerness; happiness, felicity, serenity, gaiety, cheerfulness; sincerity, candor, honesty | ساعات صفاء pleasant time, delightful hours

صفى ṣafīy clear, limpid, untroubled, undisturbed, serene, cloudless, pure, sheer; (pl. اصفياء aṣfiyā’2) sincere friend, best friend, bosom friend

صفية ṣafīya pl. صفايا ṣalafīya leader’s share of the loot; lion’s share of the booty

مصفى maṣfan refinery

مصفى miṣfan sieve

مصفاة miṣfāh pl. مصاف maṣāfin strainer, colander, filter; strainer cloth; sieve; refinery, purification plant | مصفاة القهوة coffee filter, percolator

تصفية taṣfiya pl. -āt clarification, clearance, purification (also fig.); filtering, filtration; elimination (also in sports); settlement, straightening out, adjustment; clearing (com.); liquidation (com.); clearance sale | تصفية الحسابات t. al-ḥisābāt settlement of accounts; مأمور التصفية official receiver, receiver in equity

مصافاة muṣāfāh cordiality, concord, harmony; good will, sincere attitude or disposition

تصاف taṣāfin peaceful settlement, compromise (بين between)

اصطفاء iṣṭifā’ selection (also biol.)

استصطفاء istiṣfā’: اصطفاء الأموال sequestration of property

صاف ṣāfin clear, limpid; sheer, pure, straight, unmixed, undiluted, unadulterated; untroubled, undisturbed; serene; pure; net | صافى النية ṣ. an-nīya sincere, candid, openhearted; صافي الحمولة net tonnage; صافى الأرباح net profit

مصف muṣaffin official receiver, receiver in equity; clarifier, clarifying agent

مصفى muṣaffan purified, pure, clear, limpid, cloudless

مصطفى mušṭafan chosen, selected; المصطفى epithet of Mohammed

صفير ṣafīr sapphire

صقالة (It. scala) ṣaqāla pl. صقائل ṣaqā’il2 scaffold; gangway, gangplank

صقب III to approach (ه s.o.), go or come near (ه s.o.); to be neighbor (ه with s.o.), be adjacent (هـ to s.th.), adjoin (هـ s.th.)

O مصاقبة muṣāqaba affinity

1 صقر ṣaqr pl. صقور ṣuqūr, اصقر aṣqur saker, falcon, hawk

2 صاقور ṣaqūr stone axe

صقع ṣaqa‘a a (ṣaq‘, صقاع ṣuqā‘) to crow (rooster); pass. ṣuqi‘a to be covered with hoarfrost (ground) II to be icy, ice-cold, frozen

صقع ṣuq‘ pl. اصقاع aṣqā‘ area, region, country, district, locality, land | الأصقاع المتجمدة الجنوبية (mutajammida, janūbīya) the Antarctic

صقعة ṣaq‘a frost, severe cold

صقيع saqī‘ frost; ice; hoarfrost

اصقع asqa‘2 more eloquent

مصقع miṣqa‘ pl. مصاقع maṣāqi‘ eloquent; loud-voiced, having a stentorian voice

1 صقل ṣaqala u (ṣaql, صقال ṣiqāl) to smooth, polish, burnish, cut (هـ s.th.); to refine (هـ style, taste, and the like) VII to become smooth

صقل ṣaqala u polishing, burnishing | صقل الأذهان mental training

صقيل ṣaqīl polished, burnished; smooth, shiny, glossy

صقال ṣaqqāl polisher. smoother

صيقل ṣaiqal pl. -āt مصاقل maṣāqil2 polisher, smoother

مصقلة miṣqala pl. مصاقل maṣāqil2 burnisher (tool)

مصقول maṣqūl polished, burnished; cut (glass, and the like); acute, refined (wit)

2 صقالة look up alphabetically

صقلب ṣaqlab pl. صقالبة ṣaqāliba Slav

صقلية ṣiqillīya Sicily

2 صك ṣakka u (ṣakk) to beat, strike; to shut, lock (هـ the door) | صكت به الآذان his ears were tingling or ringing; صك سمعه (sam‘ahū) to strike s.o.’s ear (noise); to roar in s.o.’s ears VIII to knock together, shake, tremble, (knees), chatter (teeth)

2 صك ṣakk pl. صكوك ṣukūk, صكاك ṣikāk, اصك aṣukk (instrunlent of) contract (Isl. Law); legal instrument, document, deed; check, cheque

1 صلة see وصل

2 صل ṣalla i (صليل ṣalīl) to ring, clink, clank, clatter, rattle

صل ṣill pl. اصلال aṣlāl, صلال ṣilāl a variety of venomous adder, viper

صليل ṣalīl rattle, clatter, clash (e.g., of weapons), jingling (of coins)

1 صلب ṣaluba u (صلابة ṣalāba) and ṣaliba a to be or become hard, firm, solid, stiff, or rigid, solidify, harden, set, stiffen II to make hard, firm, solid, stiff, or rigid, harden, solidify, stiffen, indurate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to support, prop, shore up (A s.th.); to harden (هـ the heart) V = I; to show o.s. hard or severe

صلب ṣulb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid; steel; -- (pl. اصلب aṣlub, اصلاب aṣlāb) spinal column, backbone; loins; -- text,

body (of a book, and the like) | صلب الرأي ṣ. ar-ra’y obstinate, stubborn, headstrong, opinionated; صلب الرقبة ṣ. ar-raqaba do.; صلب العود ṣ. al-‘ūd of robust physique, strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding, relentless; هو ابن صلبه (ibn ṣulbihī) and هو من صلبه he is his own son, his offspring; درامة مستخرجة من صلب الحياة (mustakraja min ṣulbi l-ḥayāh) a drama taken from real life; في صلبه at heart, in his innermost

صلبة ṣulba: صلبة العين ṣ. al-4ain sclera (anat.)

صليب ṣalīb hard, firm, solid, stiff, rigid

صلابة ṣalāba hardness, callousness; hardening, induration; firmness, solidity, stiffness, rigidity; stubbornness, obstinacy, unyieldingness; intolerance | صلابة العود ṣ. al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy, stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness

تصلب taṣallub hardness, callousness, hardening | تصلب الشرابين t. aš-šarābīn arteriosclerosis

متصلب mutaṣallib unyielding, inflexible, relentless, hard

2 صلب ṣalaba i (ṣalb) to crucify (ه s.o.) II = I; to make the sign of the cross (على over); to cross o.s.; to cross, fold (هـ one’s arms)

صلب ṣulb crucifixion

صليب ṣalīb pl. صلبان ṣulbān, صلب ṣulub cross | الصليب الجنويب (janūbī) the Southern Cross (astron.); الصليب الأحمر the Red Cross; صليب معقوف swastika; شارة الصليب and اشارة الصليب sign of the cross (Chr.); عود الصليب ‘ūd aṣ-ṣ. peony (Paeonis; bot.)

صليبي ṣalībī: الحروب الصليبية the crusades; الصليبيون the crusaders

صلبوت ṣalbūt (representation of the) crucifixion, crucifix

مصلب muṣallab crossing, interjunction (of roads)

صلت ṣaluta u (صلوتة ṣulūta) to be glossy, be smooth and shining IV to draw, unsheathe (السيف as-saifa the sword); pass. uṣlita to be drawn (sword)

1 صلج ṣullaj (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt cocoon, chrysalis of the silkworm

2 صولجان look up alphabetically

صلح ṣalaḥa u a (صلاح ṣalāḥ, صلوح ṣulūḥ, مصلحة maṣlaḥa) and ṣaluḥa u (صلاح ṣalāḥ, صلاحية ṣaāḥīya) to be good, right, proper, in order, righteous, pious, godly; to be well, thrive; to be usable, useful, practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable, or appropriate (ل for), lend itself (ل to), suit, match (ل s.th.), fit (مع s.th. or s.o.), apply (مع to s.o. or s.th.); to be admissible, permissible (مع in, at, with); to be valid. hold true (ل for) II to put in order, settle, adjust, restore, restitute (هـ s.th.), make amends, compensate (هـ for); to mend, improve, ameliorate, fix, repair (هـ s.th.) III to make peace, become reconciled, make up, reach a compromise or settlement (ه with s.o.); to foster peace (بين between), reconcile (بين people) IV to put in order, settle, adjust (من or هـ s.th.), overhaul, restore, restitute, rebuild, reconstruct; to make amends, compensate (من or هـ for); to mend, improve, ameliorate, fix, repair (من or هـ s.th.); to make suitable or fitting, adjust, modify (هـ s.th.); to reform (من or هـ s.th.); to remove, remedy (من or هـ s.th.); to make arable or cultivable, reclaim, cultivate, till, (هـ land); to further, promote, encourage (ه s.o.), make (ه s.o.) thrive or prosper, bring good luck (ه to s.o.); to make peace (بين between), bring together (بين people), bring about an agreement (بين between), conciliate (بين people) VI to make peace, make up, become reconciled with one another VII to be put in order, be righted, be corrected, be improved, be ameliorated VIII = VI; to agree (على on), accept, adopt (على s.th.) X to deem (ه s.th.) good, proper, suitable, fitting, usable, useful, practicable, or serviceable; to make arable, cultivable, reclaim (هـ land)

صلح ṣulḥ peace, (re)conciliation, settlement, composition, compromise; peace (pol.), peacemaking, conclusion of peace | حاكم الصلح (Syr.) justice of the peace; قاضي الصلح do.; قضوية الصلح qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣ. jurisdiction of the قاضي الصلح

صلحي ṣulḥī of peace, peace (adj.); arbitrative, arbitrational, arbitration (in compounds) | لجنة صلحية (lajna) arbitration committee

صلاح ṣalāḥ goodness, properness, rightness; usability, practicability, usefulness; righteousness, probity, piety, godliness

صلاحية ṣalāḥīya suitability, fitness, appropriateness, aptness; efficiency; usability, practicability, usefulness, use, worth; serviceability, proper or working condition (e.g., of a machine); competence; validity. applicability; (pl. -āt) full or mandatory power. power of attorney, also صلاحية تامة (tāmma) | جهات ذات صلاحية competent authorities; مطلق الصلاحية muṭlaq aṣ-ṣ. plenipotentiary (dipl.)

صلوحية ṣalūḥīya = صلاحية ṣalāḥīya

اصلح aṣlaḥ2 better, more proper, more correct; more pious, godlier; fitter, more suitable

مصلحة maṣlaḥa pl. مصالح maṣāliḥ2 matter, affair; requirement. exigency; that which is beneficial, helpful, or promoting; advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare; office, authority, department, governmental agency, administration (chiefly Eg.) | مصلحة الآثار المصرية (miṣrīya) Administration of Egyptian Antiquities; مصالح الأمة m. al-umma the welfare of the people; مصلحة البريد postal administration; مصلحة الحدود administrative agency for the territories outside the cultivated area (Eg.); المصالح الحكومية (ḥukūmīya) the governmental agencies; مصلحة الصحة m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa health office; المصلحة العامة (‘āmma) public welfare, commonweal; في مصلحة فلان in s.o.’s interest; في المصلحة والمفسدة (mafsada) in good and bad times, for better or for worse; لمصلحة فلان in s.o.’s favor, for the benefit of s.o., to s.o.’s advantage, on behalf of s.o., in s.o.’s interest; خدم مصالح فلان to serve s.o.’s interests

مصلحي maṣlaḥī administrational, official, governmental

تصليح taṣlīḥ restoration, restitution, mending, fixing, overhauling, repair, improvement, amelioration

مصالحة muṣālaḥa peace, conciliation; compromise; composition, settlement

اصلاح iṣlāḥ pl. -āt restoration, restitution, redressing, reparation; improvement, amelioration, betterment, mending, correction; reconstruction; reconditioning, repair; renovation, refurbishing; adjustment, settling, remedying, removal, elimination; restoration of order, establishment of peace, happiness and order; reformation, reform; reclamation, cultivation (of land); (re)conciliation, settlement, compromise, peacemaking (بين between)

اصلاحي iṣlāḥī reformatory, reformational, reform- (in compounds); reformer, reformist | معهد اصلاحي (ma‘had) reformatory, house of correction

اصلاحية iṣlāḥīya revisionism, reformism; (pl. -āt) reformatory, house of correction

تصالح taṣāluḥ (re)conciliation

اصطلاح iṣṭilāḥ pl. -āt agreement, convention, practice, usage; (colloquial, linguistic) usage; technical term, terminus technicus

اصطلاحي iṣṭilāḥī conventional; technical (of a term)

استصلاح istiṣlāḥ reclamation, cultivation

صالح ṣāliḥ good, right, proper, sound; thorough, substantial, downright, out-and-out, solid; virtuous, pious, devout, godly; usable, useful, practicable, serviceable, fitting, suitable, appropriate (ل for); (pl. صوالح ṣawāliḥ) advantage, benefit, interest, good, welfare | السلف الصالح (salaf) the worthy ancestors, the venerable forefathers; صالح السير (sair) passable, practicable (road); صالح للعمل (‘amal) fit for action, ready for use, serviceable, practicable; valid (ل for), applicable (ل to); الصالح العام (‘āmm) public welfare, commonweal; في صالح (with foll. genit.) in favor of, for the benefit of, to the advantage of, in the interest of s.o. or s.th.; لصالح do.; كان من صالحه it was in his interest; صوالح شخصية (šakṣīya) personal interests

الصالحات aṣ-ṣāliḥāt the good works, the good deeds

مصالح muṣāliḥ peacemaker, conciliator

مصلح muṣliḥ peacemaker, conciliator; reformer, reformist; salt

مصطلح muṣṭalaḥ and مصطلح عليه generally accepted, universally followed, commonly established, conventional, customary; (pl. -āt technical term, terminus techniques

صلد ṣalada (صلادة ṣalāda, صلودة ṣulūda) to be or become hard, firm, solid, compact (ground) IV = I

صلد ṣald pl. اصلاد aṣlād hard, firm, solid, dry, barren, arid (ground); rigid, lifeless, inert

صلودة ṣulūda hardness, firmness, solidity (of the ground)

صلصة (It. salsa) ṣalṣa pl. -āt and صلص sauce | صلصة مايونيز mayonnaise

صلصل ṣalṣala to ring, clink, clank; to clatter, rattle, II taṣalṣala do.

صلصلة ṣalṣala clank(ing), clatter(ing), clash, rattle

صلصال ṣalsāl dry clay, argillaceous earth

مصلطح muṣalṭaḥ = مسلطح shallow, shoal, flat

صلع ṣali‘a a (ṣala‘) to be bald

صلع ṣala‘ baldness

صلعة ṣul‘a, ṣala‘a bald pate, bald head

اصلع aṣla‘2, صلعاء ṣal‘ā’2, pl. صلع ṣul‘, صلعان ṣul‘ān bald(-headed)

صلعم abbreviation of the eulogy following the name of the Prophet Mohammed: صلى الله عليه وسلم (ṣallā, ṣallam) God bless him and grant him salvation!

صلف ṣalifa a (ṣalaf) to boast, brag, bluster, swagger V = I

صلف ṣalaf vainglory, bragging, boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity, self-importance

صلف ṣalif pl. صلفاء ṣulafā’2 vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous, blustering, swagering; braggart, boaster, show-off, swaggerer, fourflusher

تصلف taṣalluf vainglory, bragging, boasting, conceit, arrogance, pomposity, self-importance

متصلف mutaṣallif vainglorious, bragging, boastful, showing off, pompous, blustering, swagering

صلو II to perform the salat (صلوة see below), pray, worship | صلى بالناس to lead people in prayer; صلى على to pray for; (of God) to bless s.o.: صلى الله عليه وسلم (sallam) God bless him and grant him salvation! (eulogy after the name of the Prophet Mohammed)

صلوة , صلاة ṣalāh pl. صلوات ṣalawāt salat, the official Islamic prayer ritual; intercession, intercessory prayer, benediction; blessing, grace (of God) |الصلاة الربانية (rabbānīyra) the Lord’s prayer; صلاة التراويح a prayer performed during the nights of Ramadan; صلاة الستار vesper prayer (Chr.)

مصل muṣallin prayer, worshiper

مصلى muṣallan place of prayer, oratory

صلون ṣalūn salon, parlor, reception room

صلى ṣallā i (ṣaly) to roast, broil, fry (هـ s.th.); -- ṣaliya a (ṣalan, ṣulīy, صلاء ṣilā’) to burn (intr.; ب or هـ in); to be exposed to the blaze of (ب or هـ ) II to warm, heat (ب هـ s.th. with or on) IV = II (هـ هـ s.th. on or with); to make (ه s.o.) burn (هـ in. esp. النار in the fire) | اصلاه نارا من الغيرة (gaira) to make s.o. undergo the most excruciating pangs of jealousy; اصلاه نارا to set s.th. on fire; to fire at s.o. or s.th. (mil.) V to warm o.s., seek warmth (ب at, by, بالنار by the fire) VIII = V|لا يصطلى بناره (yuṣṯalā bi-nārihī) invincible, a great hero

مصطلى muṣṯalan fireplace

صم ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamimtu) a (ṣamm, صمم ṣamam) to be or become deaf; -- ṣamma (1st pers. perf. ṣamamtu) u (ṣamm) to close, plug, cork, stopper (هـ s.th., e.g., a bottle) II to deafen (ه s.o.); to make up one’s mind (على to do s.o.); to make up one’s mind (على to do s.th.), determine (على upon, to do s.th.), resolve, be determined (على to do s.th.), decide (على on, to do s.th.); to persist (على in); to deoign (هـ s.th.); to plan (هـ s.th.), design (هـ ل s.th. for) IV to be or become deaf; to deafen (ه s.o.), make (. s.o.) deaf (هـ, عن to s.th.) VI to give a deaf ear (عن to)

صمة ṣimma plug, cork, stopper

صمم deafness |كان في صمم عن to be deaf to s.th.

صمام ṣimām pl. -āt plug, cork, stopper; valve, tube (radio) | صمام الأمان (الأمن ) s. al-amān (al-amn) safety valve; O صمام التقويم rectifier tube; رفع الصمام عن to let s.th. take its course, give free rein to s.th. (also to a feeling)

O صمامة ṣammāma embolism (med.)

صميم ṣamīm innermost, heart; core, essence, marrow, pith; true, sincere, genuine | من صميم القلب (ṣ. il-qalb) from the bottom of the heart, wholeheartedly, most sincerely; في صميم amid, in; ضربه في الصميم to affect s.o. to the very core, touch s.o. most deeply

صميمي cordial, hearty

اصم aṣamm2, f. صماء ṣammā’2, pl. صم ṣumm, صمان ṣummān deaf; hard and solid, massive (rock); الأصم the deaf one, epithet of the month of Rajab | فعل اصم (fi‘l) triliteral verb with identical second and third radical, verbum mediae geminatae (gram.); اصم اصلخ (aṣlak) stone-deaf; جذر اصم (jadr) irrational or surd root (math.), آلة صماء willing tool

تصميم taṣmīm determination (على for, to do s.th.), resolution, decision; resolute action; tenacious pursuit (of a plan); planning, projecting; design, designing (e.g., of a dress); (pl. –āt, تصاميم taṣāmīm2) plan; design; sketch|من تصميم فلان designed by so-and so

مصمم muṣammim determined (على to do s.th.)|مصمم الازياء fashion creator, designer

صمت ṣamata u (ṣamt, صموت ṣumūt) to be silent, be taciturn, hold one’s tongue, hush up, be or become quiet or still II to silence (ه s.o.) IV = II

صمت ṣamt silence | في صمت silently, quietly

صموت ṣumūt silence; pl. of act. participle صامت

صموت ṣamūt silent, taciturn

صامت ṣāmit pl. صموت ṣumūt silent | سينما صامتة silent film

مصمت muṣammat uniform (color); plain, unpatterned, blank (wall); uniform in texture, made of a single material; massive, solid, not hollow, compact

صماخ ṣimàk pl. اصمخة aṣmika auditory meatus

صمد ṣamada u (ṣamd) to betake o.s., repair, go (هـ, ه or ل or الى to, into, toward), to turn, apply o.s. (هـ or ل or الى to s.th.); -- (صمود ṣumūd) to defy, hrave, withstand (في وجهه fī wajhihī or ل s.o., s.th.), to stand up (في وجهه or ل against s.o. or s.th.), resist, oppose (في وجهه or الى s.o. or s.th.); to hold out (في وجهه or ل against); -- i to close, plug, cork, stopper (هـ s.th., e.g., a bottle) II to betake o.s., repair, go (ه to s.o., هـ to, toward), to close, plug, cork, stopper (هـ s.th., e.g., a bottle), to save, lay by (money) III to come to blows, fight (ه with s.o.)

صمد ṣamad lord; eternal, everlasting (epithet of God)

صمدانى ṣamadānī eternal, everlasting

صمادة ṣimāda (ir.) headcloth (worn by men)

صمصم ṣamṣama to persist (فى in)

صومعة ṣauma‘a pl. صوامع ṣawāmi‘2 monk’s cell, hermitage; silo (for grain storage); (mor.) minaret

صمغ II to gum (هـ s.th.); to paste, glue (هـ s.th.) IV to exude gum (tree)

صمغ samg pl. صموغ ṣumūg gum, resin | صمغ سائل mucilage; صمغ عربي (‘arabī) gum arabic; صمغ اللك s. al-lakk shellac; صمغ مرن (marin) rubber, caoutchouc; صمغ هندي (hindī) do.; شجر الصمغ šajar aṣ-ṣ. rubber trees

صمغي ṣamgī gummy, gummiferous, gumlike, mucilaginous

تصميغ taṣmīg gumming; resinification

1 صمل ṣamala u (ṣaml) to be firm, be hard, hold one’s ground, stand firm, hold out, last, endure

صمل ṣaml rigidity, stiffness, | صمل جيفي (jīfī) rigor mortis

2 صمولة ṣamūla pl. صوامل ṣawāmil2, صامولة ṣāmūla pl. صواميل ṣawāmīl2 nut (of a bolt), rivet

صملاخ ṣimlāk pl. صماليخ ṣamālīk2 earwax, cerumen

صمى IV to deal (ه s.o.) a fatal blow, to hit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) fatally | رمى فاصمى ramā fa-aṣmā to shoot and hit, shoot dead on the spot

صن ṣann basket

صنة ṣinna odor emanating from the armpit

صنان ṣunān odor emanating from the armpit

صنارة ṣinnāra pl. صنانير ṣanānīr2 hook, fishhook

صنبور ṣanbūr pl. صنابير ṣanābīr2 (water) faucet, tap

صنبر look up alphabetically

صنتيم ṣantīm pl. -āt centime (1/100 franc)

1 صنج ṣanj pl. صنوج ṣunūj cymbal (mus.)

2 صنجة ṣinja =1 سنجة

3 صنجات ṣanajāt castanets

صنجقية ṣanjaqīya see سنجق

صنديد ṣindīd pl. صناديد ṣanādīd leader, notable; brave, valiant

صندوق ṣundūq, ṣandūq pl. صناديق ṣanādīq2 crate, box; chest; trunk, suitcase; case, cabinet; money box; till, coffer; pay office, treasurer’s office; any public institution where funds are deposited and disbursed for a special purpose (e.g., sick fund, health insurance, etc.) | صندوق البريد post-office box; صندوق المكاتب mailbox; صندوق النقد الدولي ṣ. an-naqd ad-duwalī International Monetary Fund; صندوق التوفير savings bank; ابو الصندوق (eg.) hunchback; امين الصندوق treasurer; دفتر الصندوق daftar aṣ-ṣ. cashbook

صندل ṣandal sandalwood; sandals; (pl. صنادل ṣanādil2) (freight) barge; lighter, barge

صنارة look up alphabetically

1 صنع ṣana‘a a (ṣan‘, ṣun‘, صنيع ṣanī‘) to do, make (هـ s.th.); to arrange, stage, put on (هـ s.th.); to produce, build, manufacture, fabricate, design (هـ s.th.); to work, treat, process (هـ s.th.) | صنع اليه معروفا to do s.o. a favor; صنع معه جميلا do.; صنع به هـ to do s.th. to s.o.; صنع به صنيعا قبيحا to do s.o. a dirty trick II to industrialize (هـ s.th.) ill to cooperate, go along (هـ, ه with); to flatter, cajole (ه s.o.); to bribe (ب ه s.o. with) V to pretend, feign, stimulate, fake, sham, affect (هـ s.th.); to speak or write in an artificial, affected, stilted, or mannered way; to use means for enhancing her beauty (woman) VIII to order, commission (هـ s.th.); to create (هـ s.th.) synthetically; to produce, manufacture, make, fabricate (هـ s.th.); to pretend, feign, fake, assume falsely (هـ s.th.); to invent (هـ s.th.); to make (ل ه s.th. into), take, use (ل هـ s.th. for); to commit, bind (ل ه s.o. to) X to have (ه s.o.) make (هـ s.th.)

صنع ṣan‘, ṣan‘ production, manufacture, fabrication, making, design, make, workmanship | صنع اليد ṣ. al-yad handwork; بديع الصنع badī‘ aṣ-ṣan‘ of wonderful workmanship

صنعي ṣan‘ī artificial, synthetic

صنع ṣun‘ benefit, favor

صنعة ṣan‘a work, workmanship, making, manufacture, fabrication; art; technical skill, artistic skill; work, craft, trade, business, occupation, vocation, profession |صاحب الصنعة artisan, craftsman; expert, specialist

صناع ṣanā‘: صناع اليد ṣ. al-yad skillful, skilled, dexterous, deft

صناعة ṣinā‘a pl. -āt, صنائع ṣanā’i‘2 art, skill; occupation, vocation, calling, business, profession; handicraft; trade, craft; industry; pl. branches of industry, industries | صناعة شريفة honorable, respectable trade; ارباب الصناعات the artisans, craftsmen; رجل الصناعة rajul aṣ-ṣ. industrialist; اصحاب الصنائع والحرف (ḥiraf) artisans and tradesmen

صنائعي ṣanā’i‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade (adj.); industrial; artisan, craftsman

صناعي ṣinā‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation; workmanlike, handicraft, trade (adj.); industrial | سر صناعي (sirr) industrial secret; الفن الصناعي (fann) applied arts, artistic handicraft

صنيع ṣanī‘ action, acting, doing; act, deed; fact; good deed, benefit, favor; charge, protégé; creature, willing tool; meal, repast, banquet

صنيعة ṣanī‘a pl. صنائع ṣanā’i‘2 action, deed; good deed, good turn, benefit, favor; charge, protégé; creature, willing tool

مصنع maṣna‘ pl. مصانع maṣāni‘2 factory, plant, mill, works; establishment, firm; مصانع also: large structures, installations, man-made works | ارباب (اصحاب) المصانع manufacturers, industrialists

مصنعية maṣna‘īya wages, pay

تصنيع taṣnī‘ industrialization

تصنع taṣannu‘ hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblement; affectedness affectation, mannerism

اصطناع iṣṭinā‘ production, making

اصطناعي iṣṭinā‘ī artificial, synthetic, imitation

صانع ṣāni‘ pl. صناع ṣunnā‘ maker, producer, manufacturer, creator; artisan, craftsman; worker, workman, laborer; servant

مصنوع product, produce; pl. مصنوعات (industrial) products, produce, articles, manufactured goods

متصنع mutaṣanni‘ subtilizing, overrefining; affected, stilted, mannered

مصطنع muṣṭana‘ artificial, synthetic; affected, simulated, imitated, sham,

bogus, phony | مفتاح مصطنع (miftāḥ) duplicate key, masterkey

2 صنعاء ṣan‘ā’ San‘a (capital of Yemen)

صنف II to sort, assort, classify, categorize (هـ s.th.); to compile, compose, write (هـ a book)

صنف ṣanf, ṣinf pl. اصناف aṣnāf, صنوف ṣunūf kind, sort, specimen; article (com.); genus, species, class, category; sex; صنفا in kind (as oppose to: in cash)

تصنيف taṣnīf classification. Categorization, sorting, assorting; compilation, composition, writing; (pl. تصانيف taṣānīf2) literary work

تصنيفة taṣnīfa assortment, selection

مصنف muṣannif author, writer

مصنف muṣannaf pl. -āt literary work

صنفر ṣanfara to rub with sandpaper, to sandpaper, to emery (هـ s.th.)

صنفر ṣanfar and صنفرة ṣanfara emery

صنم ṣanam pl. اصنام aṣnām idol, image

صنو ṣinw pl. صنوان ṣinwān, اصناء aṣnā’ one of two, twin brother

صنوبر ṣanaubar stone pine (Pinus pinea; bot.) | حب الصنوبر ḥabb aṣ-ṣ. pine nut, pinon

صنوبري ṣanaubarī pine (adj.). piny, pine-like; pineal | الغدة الصنوبرية (gudda) pineal gland

صه ṣah pst! hush! quiet!

صهب IX and XI iṣhābba to be or become reddish, red-brown

اصهب aṣhab2, f. صهباء ṣahhbā’2, pl. صهب ṣuhb reddish; الصهباء wine

صهد ṣahada a (ṣahd) to scorch, parch, burn (هـ ه s.o., s.th., esp. of the sun)

صهد ṣahd beat

صهيد ṣahīd scorching beat, blaze

صهود ṣuhūd scorching heat, blaze

صهر ṣahara a (ṣahr) to melt, fuse, smelt (هـ s.th.) III to become related by marriage (في or ه to s.o.) IV to become related by marriage (الى or ب to s.o.) VI to be related by marriage VII to melt, fuse; to melt away, vanish, break (intr.)

صهر ṣihr relationship by marriage; -- (pl. اصهار aṣhār) husband of one’s daughter, son-in-law; husband of one’s sister, brother-in-law

صهير ṣahīr molten, in fusion

مصاهر maṣāhir2 (pl.) smelting furnaces; blast furnaces

O مصهر miṣhar pl. -āt fuse (el.)

مصاهرة muṣāhara relationship by marriage; O affinity

انصهار inṣihār melting process | O سلك الانصهار الواقى silk al-ins. al-wāqī fuse (el.)

صهريج ṣihrīj, ṣahrīj صهاريج ṣahārīj2 cistern; large (water) container, tank

صهل ṣahala a i (صهيل ṣahīil) to whinny, neigh (horse)

صهيل ṣahīl whinny(ing), neighing

صهوة ṣahwa pl. ṣahawāt, صهاء ṣihā’ back (of a horse)

صهيون ṣahyūn2, also ṣihyaun2 Zion

صهيوني ṣahyūnī, ṣihyaunī Zionistic, Zionist

صهيونية ṣahyūnīya, ṣihyaunīya Zionism

1 صاب (صوب ) ṣāba u (ṣaub, صيبوبة ṣaibūba) to hit (هـ s.th., the target); to be right, hold true, be to the point, hit the mark, be pertinent, be apposite (opinion) | صاب ام اقلع (am aqla‘a) by all means, under all circumstances II to direct, fix (الى هـ s.th., also, e.g., the glance on, to), aim, point, train (الى هـ s.th. at or on); to agree (ه with s.o.), concur (هـ, ه with s.o., in s.th.), consent, assent (هـ to s.th.), approve (هـ of s.th.), sanction (هـ s.th.) IV to hit (هـ a target); to attain, reach, achieve (هـ s.th., e.g., end, purpose); to reach out (هـ for s.th., of the hand); to get, obtain, win, gain (هـ e.g., a fortune), acquire (هـ s.th.ه e.g.ه a certain amount of knowledge); to have, eat (هـ a snack); to take (هـ a meal); to befall (ه s.o.), fall (ه upon s.o.), happen (ه to s.o.); to allot (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), bestow (ب ه upon s.o. s.th.), make (ب s.th.) fall to s.o.’s (ه ) lot; to cause losses (من to s.o.); to be right, be in the right; to do the right thing, hit the mark; to do right, properly (ه s.th., expressed by a verbal noun); to say the right word; pass اصيب uṣība to be stricken, attacked, afflicted (ب by a disease, and the like); to be killed | اصاب اصابات (iṣābāt) to score, make goals (in sports); اصاب في عمله (‘amalihī) to do right, act properly; اصيب بجراح to incur multiple wounds; اصيب بخسارة (bi-kasāratin) to suffer a loss; اصيب اصابة شديدة (iṣābatan) to be hard hit, be grievously afflioted X استوصب istauṣaba to approve (ه of s.th.), sanction (هـ s.th.)

صوب ṣaub direction, quarter; that which is right, proper, or correct; ṣauba (prep.) in the direction of, toward, to | من كل حدب وصوب (ḥadabin) or من كل صوب وحدب or من كل فج وحدب (fajjin) from all sides, from all directions, from all quarters, from everywhere; في كل صوب وحدب every place, everywhere, all over, in all quarters

صيب ṣayyib rain cloud

صابة ṣāba pl. -āt harvest (tun.)

صواب ṣawāb that which is right, proper, or correct; right, proper, or correct; rightness, correctness, properness; reason, intellect, mind, consciousness; صوابا ṣawāban rightly, justly | هو على الصواب he is right; سلك طريق الصواب والحق (ḥaqq) to act in exactly the right manner, pursue the right course; رجع (فاء) الى صوابه to regain one’s reason, get back to one’s senses, become reasonable again; اضاع صوابه, فقد صوابه to lose one’s mind; غاب عن صوابه to lose consciousness; غائب عن صوابه unconscious, senseless

اصوب aṣwab2 more pertinent, more apropos, more apposite, more proper, more correct

اصوبية aṣwabīya advisability, expediency

تصويب taṣwīb aiming; turning, pointing; (pl. -āt) correction, rectification

اصابة isāba pl. -āt hit; goal, score (in sports); injury, wound; state or process of being afflicted (by a disease), (attack of) illness, sickness; accident | اصابة العمل i. al-‘amal industrial accident; محل الاصابة maḥall al-i. scene of the accident

استصواب istiṣwāb approval

صائب ṣā’ib pertinent, apropos, apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate

مصيب muṣīb pertinent, apropos, apposite, right, correct; suited, appropriate

مصيبة muṣība pl. -āt, مصائب maṣā’ib2 misfortune, calamity, disaster

مصاب muṣāb stricken, befallen, attacked, afflicted (ب by); injured, wounded, sick, ill; wounded person, casualty; victim of an accident; misfortune, calamity, disaster |مصاب اليم grievous misfortune, mournful event, death

2 صوبة (Turk. soba) ṣōbe stove (syr.)

صات (صوت ) ṣāta u a (ṣāut) to ring, sound, make a noise or sound; to raise one’s voice, about II = I; to vote, cast ballots (at an election)

صوت ṣaut pl. اصوات aṣwāt sound (also phon.); voice; tone, strain; melody, tune; noise; fame, renown; vote; pl. interjections (gram.) | بعد الصوت bu‘d aṣ-ṣ. fame, celebrity; رجع الصوت raj‘ aṣ-ṣ. echo, reverberation; علم الأصوات ‘ilm al-a. phonetics; قوة الصوت qūwat aṣ-ṣ. volume, intensity (radio); بصوت مسموع audibly; بصوت عال aloud; بصوت واطئ (wāṭi’) softly, in a low voice, under one’s breath

صوتي ṣautī sonant, sound- (in compounds), vocal, sonic, acoustic; resounding, resonant, sonorous; phonetic

صوتيات ṣautīyāt phonetics

صوات ṣuwāt crying, shouting, clamor

صيت ṣīt (good) repute, standing, prestige; fame, renown; celebrity, famousness | بعد الصوت bu‘d as.-ṣ. fame, celebrity; ذائع الصيت famous, celebrated, well-known

صيت sayyit loud-voiced, having a stentorian voice; O loud-speaker (Syr.)

O مصوات miṣwāt microphone

تصويت taṣwīt voting, vote, casting of ballots, polling (election)

صائت ṣā’it sound- (in compounds) | O سينما صائتة sound film

مصوت muṣawwit voter; entitled to vote, franchised

صاج look up alphabetically

صوح II to dry (هـ s.th.)

مصوح muṣawwaḥ withered, dried (herb, etc.)

1 صاخ (صوخ ) ṣāka u = ساخ sāka u

2 صوخ IV to listen, lend one’s ear (الى or ل to s.o., to s.th.)

صاد name of the letter ص

صودا soda | صودا كاوية (kāwiya) caustic soda, sodium hydroxide; نترات الصودا (nitrāt) sodium nitrate

صوديوم (Lat. sodium) sodium

صور II to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (هـ s.th.); to paint, draw, sketch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to illustrate (with drawings or pictures, هـ s.th.); to make a picture (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.); to photograph (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to represent, portray (هـ s.th., fig.) | صور له (ṣuwwira) it appeared to him, seemed to him V = pass. of II; to imagine, fancy, conceive (هـ s.th.); to think (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) to be s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to seem, appear, look (ل to s.o.) | لا يتصور العقل (‘aqlu) unimaginable, inconceivable, unthinkable

صور ṣūr horn, bugle; see also below

صورة ṣūra pl. صور ṣuwar form, shape; pictorial representation, illustration; image, likeness, picture; figure, statue; replica; copy, carbon copy, duplicate; manner, mode; ṣūratan formally | صورة جامعة total picture, overall picture; صورة متحركة (mutaḥarrika) motion picture, film; دار الصور المتحركة , motion-picture theater, cinema; صورة شمسية (šamsīya) photograph; صورة طبق الأصل (ṭibqa l-aṣl) true copy; exact replica (fig.); undistorted picture; صورة مكبرة (mukabbara) enlargement, blowup (phot.); في صورة الآدميين in human shape; بصورة جلية (jalīya) obviously, evidently; بصورة محسوسة perceptibly, tangibly, palpably; بصورة خاصة (kāṣṣa) especially, particularly; بصورة عامة (‘āmma) generally, in general; بصورة مكبرة (mukabbara) increasingly, on a larger scale, to an increasing degree; بصورة ملحوظة noticeably, markedly; على صورة كيميائية (kīmiyā’īya) chemically, by chemical means; في صورة ما اذا in case that ..., if; في صورة مصغرة (muṣaggara) on a reduced scale, in miniature

صوري ṣūrī, ṣūwarī formal; superficial; false, sham, deceptive, fallacious; artificial, fictitious, seeming, fancied, imaginary

تصوير taṣwīr drawing, sketching; representation, portrayal, depiction; illustration; painting; photography, also التصوير الشمسي (šamsī); take (in motion picture taking) | آلة التصوير camera

تصويرة taṣwīra pl. تصاوير taṣāwīr2 pictorial representation, image, picture, illustration

تصور taṣawwur pl. -āt imagination (also philos.), fancy, fantacy, idea; conception, concept (philos.)

تصوري taṣawwurī existing in imagination only, imaginary, fancied, fictitious | O الذهب التصوري (madhab) idealism (as a philosophical school)

مصور muṣawwir pl. -āt former, shaper, fashioner, creator; painter; photographer; cameraman (motion pictures); draftsman, commercial artist, illustrator | مصور الكائنات the Creator of the Universe; المصور الكهربائي للقلب (kahrabā’ī, qalb) electrocardiograph

مصورة muṣawwira camera

مصور muṣawwar illustrated; -- (pl. -āt) photographer’s studio; motion-picture studio | مصور الجغرافيا m. al-jugrāfiyā atlas

2 صور ṣūr2 Tyre (town in S Lebanon)

1 صوص ṣūṣ pl. صيصان ṣīṣān chicken, chick (syr.)

2 صوصي ṣauṣī (eg.) to peep, cheep, squeak

صوع VII to turn on one’s heel; to obey, yield, give in, submit (ل to s.o. to s.th.)

صاع ṣā‘ pl. اصوع aṣwu‘, اصواع aṣwā‘, صيعان ṣī‘ān saa, a cubic measure of varying magnitude | بصاع صاعا tit for tat; رد له الصاع صاعين (radda, ṣā‘ain) or to pay s.o. back

twofold, bring double retaliation on s.o.

صاعة ṣā‘a salon, parlor, reception room

1 صاغ (صوغ ) ṣāga u (ṣaug, ṣiyāga) to form, shape, mold, fashion, create (هـ s.th.); to formulate (هـ s.th.); to coin (هـ a word); to fabricate, invent, make up (هـ a lie) | صاغ الذهب والفضة (dahab, fiḍḍa) to work in gold and silver, practice the art of goldsmithing

صوغ ṣaug forming, shaping, molding, fashioning, creating

صيغة sīga forming, shaping, molding, fashioning, creating; -- (pl. صيغ ṣiyag) shape, form; external form; wording, text, version (e.g., of a letter, of a treaty); formula (in general, also math., chem.); jewelry, gold and silver articles; (gram.) form | صيغة الفاعل the active (gram.); صيغة المفعول the passive (gram.); بصيغة حاسمة in a decided form, in no uncertain terms

صياغة ṣiyāga composing, drafting, wording, forming, formulation, fashioning, molding, shaping; goldsmithery, goldsmithing

مصاغ maṣāg jewelry, jewels, gold and silver articles

صائغ ṣā’ig pl. صياغ ṣuyyāg, صاغة ṣāga, صواغ ṣuwwāg goldsmith, jeweler

مصوغات maṣūgāt gold and silver jewelry, goldsmithery, jewelry

2 صاغ look up alphabetically

صوف ṣūf pl. اصواف aṣwāf wool

صوفي ṣūfī of wool, woolen; Islamic mystic, Sufi

صوفية ṣūfiya Sufi way of life; الصوفية Sufism (Islamic mysticism)

صوفان ṣūfān tinder, touchwood, punk

صوفانة ṣūfāna tinder, touchwood, punk

صواف ṣawwāf wool merchant

التصوف at-taṣawwuf Sufism (Islamic mysticism), the Sufi way of life; mysticism

المتصوفة al-mutaṣawwifa the Sufis, members of Sufi communities, mystics

صوفيا ṣōfiyā Sofia (capital of Bulgaria)

1 صال (صول )ṣāla u (ṣaul, صولة ṣaula, صيال ṣiyāl) to spring, jump, leap (على on), attack, assault (على s.o.) II to pan, wash out (هـ grain, gold) III to vie, compete (هـ with s.o.)

صولة ṣaula pl. -āt attack, assault; force, tyranny, despotism, arbitrariness

2 صول (Turk. sol) approx.: sergeant major, technical sergeant (Eg.) | صول التعليم approx.: master sergeant; صول التعيين approx.: quartermaster sergeant (mil.)

صولجان ṣaulajān pl. صوالجة ṣawāllija staff with a curved end; polo mallet; scepter, mace

صام (صوم ) ṣāma u (ṣaum, صيام ṣiyām) to abstain (عن from s.th.); to abstain from food, drink, and sexual intercourse; to fast

صوم ṣaum abstention, abstinence, abstemiousness; fasting, fast; الصوم fasting during the month of Ramadan, one of the five principal duties of the Muslim | الصوم الكبير the Great Fast = Lent (Chr.); عيد صوم الغفران ‘īd ṣ. al-gufrān Yom Kippur, Day of Atonement (Jud.)

صيام ṣiyām fasting, fast

صيامي ṣiyāmī Lenten fare

صائم ṣā’im pl. -ūn, صوم ṣuwwam, صيم ṣuyyam, صيام ṣiyām fasting (adj.); faster, one who fasts

الصومال aṣ-ṣomāl Somaliland

صومالي ṣomalī Somali (adj. and n.)

صومعة ṣauma‘a see صمع

صان (صون ) ṣāna I (ṣaun, صيانة ṣiyāna) to preserve, conserve, keep, retain, maintain, sustain, uphold (هـ s.th.); to maintain (هـ e.g., a machine, an automobile); to protect, guard, safeguard, keep, save (عن هـ ه s.o., s.th. from); to defend (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. against) V to uphold one’s honor, live chastely, virtuously (woman); to shut o.s. off; seclude o.s. protect o.s.

صون ṣaun, preservation, conservation, guarding, keeping; susten(ta)tion, upholding; maintenance, upkeep, care; protection, safeguard(ing), securing, defense; chastity, respectability | صاحبة الصون honorary title or ladies of high social standing

صوان ṣiwān, ṣuwān pl. اصونة aṣwina cupboard, case

صوان ṣawwan (coll.; n. un. ة ) flint; granite

صواني ṣawwānī: ادوات صوانية (adawāt) flint implements

صيانة ṣiyāna = صون ṣaun | ملك الصيانة malak aṣ-ṣ. guardian angel (Chr.)

صائن ṣā’in preserver, sustainer, maintainer, keeper, guardian, protector; protective

مصون maṣūn well-protected, well-kept, guarded, sheltered; chaste, virtuous (woman); also an epithet for women

صوة ṣūwa pl. صوى ṣuwan stone landmark, trail mark

صوى ṣawā i (ṣuwīy) and ṣawiya a (ṣawan) and II to dry up, wither, wilt; -- ṣawā to peep, cheep, squeak, chirp, screech

صيت see صوت

صاح (صيح ) ṣāḥa i (ṣaiḥ, صياح ṣiyāḥ) to cry, yell, shout; to scream, screech; to crow; to utter, let out (صيحة ṣaiḥatan a cry); to call out (ب to s.o.), shout, bellow, bawl (في or على at s.o.) II to cry out (loud), roar, bellow, bawl VI to shout at one another, call out to one another; to clamor, raise a din

صيح ṣaiḥ crying, clamor

صيحة ṣaiḥa (n. vic.) pl. -āt cry, outcry, shout | صيحة الحرب ṣ. al-ḥarb battle cry, war cry; ارسل صيحات (arsala) to utter cries; صاح صيحة to utter a cry; على صيحة within shouting distance; ذهب صيحة في واد (ṣaiḥatan) to die unheard (call)

صياح ṣiyāḥ crying, clamor, cry, outcry; cry of a bird

صياح ṣayyāḥ crier, loud-mouthed person; noisy, clamorous, vociferous, crying

تصايح taṣāyuḥ crying, clamor, roar, bellow(ing)

1 صاد (صيد ) ṣāda i (ṣaid) to catch (in a trap), trap (هـ game); to hunt (هـ game); to hunt down (هـ game); to catch (هـ fish) V to hunt for prey; to hunt down (s.th.); to catch (هـ s.th.); VIII = I | اصطاد في الماء العكر (‘akir) to fish in troubled waters

صيد ṣaid hunting, hunt; angling, fishing (also صيد السمك ṣ. as-samak); game, venison, prey, quarry | من صيد خياله (ṣ. kayālihī) dreamed up by him, a product of his fantasy (of a story)

صياد ṣayyād pl. -āt hunter; fisher | صياد السمك ṣ. as-samak fisher, fisherman; kingfisher (zool.)

صيداء ṣaidā’ Sidon (city in Lebanon)

مصيدة miṣyada pl. مصايد maṣāyid2 trap, snare; net; hunting or fishing implement

مصيدة maṣyada pl. مصايد maṣāyid2 fishery, fishing grounds (also مصيد الأسماك )

2 صاد ṣād name or the letter ص

صيدلية ṣaidalīya apothecary’s trade; pharmacy, pharmacology

صيدلي ṣaidalī pl. صيادلة ṣayādila pharmacist, druggist, apothecary

صيدلاني ṣaidalānī pharmacist, druggist, apothecary

صيدلية ṣaidalīya pl. -āt pharmacy; drugstore

صيدليات ṣaidalīyāt drugs, pharmaceutics

صار (صير ) ṣāra i (ṣair, صيرورة ṣairūra, مصير maṣīr) to become (هـ s.th.); (with foll. imperf.) to begin, commence, start to ..., come to ..., get to ..., get into a situation where ..., get to the point where ...; to set in, occur, happen, come to pass, take place; to fall to s.o.’s (ل ) lot, befall (ل s.o.); to betake o.s., come, get (عند or الى to); to arrive (الى at); to end, wind up (الى with), result (الى in); صار به الى to lead, bring s.o. or s.th. to; يصار الى (yuṣāru) one proceeds to ..., one will eventually..., one will wind up with II to induce (ه s.o.) to become (هـ s.th.), make (هـ ه s.o. into s.th., out of s.o. s.th.)

صير ṣīr crack (of the door); small salted fish

صيرورة ṣairūra (act or process of) becoming, development; end, outcome, upshot, result

مصير maṣīr development, progress (e.g., of work); -- (pl. مصاير maṣāyir2) place at which one arrives; end, outcome, upshot, issue, result; fate, destiny, lot; life; see also under مصر | تقرير المصير self-determination (pol.); مصير كل حي m. kull ḥayyin the way of all flesh

تصيير taṣyīr cession, transfer (jur.)

صيصية ṣīṣiya pl. صياص ṣayāṣin spur of the rooster

صيغة see صوغ

صاف (صيف ) ṣāfa i (ṣaif) to be summery; to spend the summer, estivate (هـ or ب in) | صاف الزمان ام شتا (zamānu am šatā) at all times, under all circumstances II, V, VIII = I

صيف ṣaif pl. اصياف aṣyāf summer

صيفي ṣaifī summery, estival, summer (adj.) | توقيت صيفي daylight-saving time

مصيف maṣīf pl. مصايف maṣāyif2 summer residence, summer resort; rest center, holiday camp

اصتياف iṣtiyāf summering, summer vacationing

صائفة ṣā’ifa summer(time)

مصطاف muṣṭāf summer resort; (pl. -ūn) vacationist, summer visitor

الصين aṣ-ṣīn China; the Chinese | بلاد الصين China

صيني Chinese (adj. and n.); porcelain, china

صينية ṣīnīya (syr. ṣēnīya, leb. ṣainīya) pl. صواني ṣawānī a large, round metal plate with raised brim, esp. one made of copper, used as baking tin, serving tray and table top; turntable, صينية متحركة (mutaḥarrika); pl. chinaware, porcelain vessels

صيوان ṣīwān pl. -āt, صواوين ṣawāwīn2 (large) tent, pavilion, marquce

ض

ضاد ḍād name of the letter ض ; a sound peculiar to Arabic, hence: اهل الضاد ahl aḍ-ḍ. the Arabic-speaking peoples, the Arabs; ابناء الضاد do.; اقطار الضاد the Arabic-speaking countries; لغة الضاد lugat aḍ-ḍ. the Arabic language

ضؤل ḍa’ula u (ضآلة ḍa’āla, ضؤولة ḍa’ūla) to be small, tiny, little, scanty, meager, slight, sparse, feeble, faint, thin; to diminish, dwindle, wane, decline, shrink, decrease VI = I

ضآلة ḍa’āla (ضئالة ḍi’āla) smallness, littleness, tininess; minuteness, scantiness, meagerness, slightness, sparsity, paucity, feebleness, faintness, thinness; waning, dwindling, diminution, decrease; shrinking, shrinkage; small number

ضؤولة ḍa’ūla = ضآلة ḍa’ālah

ضئيل ḍa’īl pl. ضئال ḍi’āl, ضؤلاء ḍu’alā’2 small, tiny, minute, little, scanty, slight, meager, sparse, feeble, faint, thin

تضاؤل taḍā’ul = ضآلة ḍa’āla

ضامة ḍāma checkers

ضأن ḍa’n sheep (coll.)

ضأن ḍa’nī, ḍānī mutton (meat)

ضائن ḍā’in sheep

ضب ḍabba i (ḍabb) to take hold (على of s.th.); to keep under lock, put in safekeeping, guard carefully (على s.th.) II = I; to bolt (هـ the door) IV to be foggy (day)

ضب ḍabb pl. ضباب ḍabāb, اضب aḍubb, ضبان ḍubbān lizard

ضب ḍabb (eg.) front teeth

ضبة ḍabba pl. -āt, ضباب ḍibāb door bolt, latch; wooden lock

ضباب ḍadāb fog, mist

ضبر ḍabara u to gather, collect, assemble

ضبارة ḍabāra, ḍubāra and اضبارة iḍbāra pl. اضابر aḍābir2 file, dossier

اضبور uḍbūr file, dossier

ضبح ḍabaḥa a (ḍabḥ) to blacken (هـ s.th., said of fire); to snort (horse)

ضبط ḍabaṭa u (ḍabṭ) to grab, grasp, seize, catch, apprehend, arrest, detain (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), take hold (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.); to keep, hold, retain (هـ s.th.); to tackle resolutely, master, overcome (هـ s.th.), cope (a with s.th.); to have (هـ s.th.) under control, have command (هـ over s.th.); to restrain, hold back, keep down, subdue, check, curb, control (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to seize, distrain, impound, confiscate (a s.th.); to do (هـ s.th.) accurately, precisely, meticulously, or well; to render precise, define precisely (هـ s.th.); to regulate, adjust (هـ s.th., e.g., techn.); to determine precisely (كلمة kalimatan the spelling and pronunciation of a word), vowel(ize) (هـ a word); to observe strictly, keep exactly (a time); to regulate, settle, put or keep in order (هـ s.th.); to correct (a s.th.); to enter, book, record, register (هـ s.th.); to measure off exactly, measure out (هـ s.th.), take exactly the right amount, the right proportion (هـ of) VII to be detained, be held back, be held up; to be regulated, be kept in order, be disciplined; to be determined, be established, etc. (pass. of ḍabaṭa)

ضبط ḍabṭ capture, apprehension, arrest(ing), detention; restraint, suppression, subdual, curb(ing), check(ing); control; seizure, impoundage, distraint, confiscation; accuracy, correctness, exactitude, precision; vowelization; correction, amendment, settlement; regulation, adjustment of an apparatus (techn.); (pl. ضبوط ḍubūṭ) protocol, minutes, procès-verbal; entering, entry, record, registry; ضبطا ḍabṭan accurately, exactly, precisely, punctually | بالضبط = ضبطا ḍabṭan; ضبط الأراضي ḍ. al-arāḍī cadastral survey; ضبط الحسابات bookkeeping; ضبط الشهوة ḍ. aš-šahwa abstemiousness, continence; ضبط الأملاك العقارية (‘aqārīya) cadastral survey; ضبط النفس self-control, self-command; جهاز الضبط jahāz aḍ-ḍ. control apparatus, controlling device;

عار عن الضبط (‘ārin) unvowel(iz)ed

ضبطية ḍabṭīya police station; police

مضبطة maḍbaṭa pl. مضابط maḍābiṯ2 protocol, minutes, procès-verbal

انضباط inḍibāṭ discipline |لجنة الانضباط lajnat al-inḍ disciplinary board

ضابط ḍābiṭ controlling device, control, governor, regulator (techn.); prepositor entrusted with discipline (in Eg. schools); (pl. ضباط ḍubbāṭ) officer; (pl. ضوابط ḍawābiṭ2) general rule, canon, (moral) precept or order | ضابط آمر senior officer; ضابط مأمور subaltern officer; ضابط الصف ḍ. aṣ-ṣaff pl. ضباط الصف noncommissioned officer; ضابط الصوت ḍābiṭ aṣ-ṣaut volume control (radio); صف ضابط ṣaff ḍ. pl. صف ضباط noncommissioned officer; بغير ضابط ولا رادع (gair) completely unrestrained, out of all control

ضابطة ḍābiṭa police; (pl. ضوابط ḍawābiṭ2) curbing force, order

مضبوط maḍbūṭ accurate, exact, correct, right, precise

ضبع ḍab‘, ḍabu‘ f. pl. ضبع ḍibā‘, اضبع aḍbu‘ hyena

ضبن VIII to take under one’s arm

ضبن ḍibn armpit

ضج ḍajja i (ḍajj, ضجيج ḍajīj) to be noisy, boisterous; to clamor, about, raise a hue and cry IV = I

ضجة ḍajja cry, yell, outcry; clamor, noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult

ضجيج ḍajīj cry, yell, outcry; clamor, noise, din, row, hubbub, tumult

ضجوج ḍajūj roaring, bellowing, screaming, crying

ضجاج ḍajjāj violently roaring, bellowing, screaming, crying, boisterous, uproarious

ضجر ḍajira a (ḍajar) to be angry, annoyed, irritated, exasperated (من or ب at, about); to be dissatisfied, discontent, displeased (من or ب with); to sorrow, be worried, uneasy (من or ب about), be disquieted, grieved, troubled (من or ب by, over) IV to anger, vex, irritate, trouble, torment (ه s.o.), disquiet, discomfit, aggrieve (ه s.o.) V = I

ضجر ḍajar annoyance, irritation, vexation, anger; dissatisfaction; discontent, displeasure; sorrow, worry, grief

ضجر ḍajir annoyed, irritated, angry, vexed; morose, sullen; dissatisfied, discontent, displeased, uneasy, restless; worried, grieved, troubled

مضجر muḍjir annoying, irritating, exasperating, irksome, tedious

متضجر mutaḍajjir = ضجر ḍajir

ضجع ḍaja‘a a (ḍaj‘, ضجوع ḍujū‘) to lie on one’s side, lie down; to lie, recline, be prostrate; to sleep III to lie, have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman) VII = I VIII (اضطجع and اضجع aḍja‘a) = I

ضجعة ḍaj‘a (n. vic.) lying position, lying, recumbency; slumber

ضجع ḍuja‘a, ḍuj‘a late riser, slugabed, sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert

ضجعي ḍuj‘ī late riser, slugabed, sluggard, lazybones; lazy, sluggish, inert

ضجيع ḍajī‘ one sharing the bed; bedfellow; comrade, companion

مضجع maḍja‘ pl. مضاجع maḍāji‘ couch, bed | اخذ مضجعه he lay down (to sleep); اقض مضجعه aqaḍḍa maḍja‘ahū or اقض عليه المضجع or اقلق مضجعه (maḍja‘ahū) to deprive s.o. of sleep

مضاجع muḍāji‘ bedfellow

مضطجع muḍṭaji‘ couch, bed

ضحضح ḍaḥḍaḥa to vibrate, dicker (mirage); to shatter, break, crush II to vibrate, flicker (mirage)

ضحضاح ḍaḥḍāḥ shallow, shoal, flat (water)

ضحك ḍaḥika a (ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik) to laugh (ب or من at, about, over); to jeer, scoff, jibe (ب or على or من at s.o., at s.th.), deride, ridicule, mock, scorn (ب or على or من s.o., s.th.) | ضحك بملء شدقيه (bi-mil’i šidqaihi) or ضحك ملء شدقه (mil’a) to grin from ear to ear; ضحك عن در منضد (durrin munaḍḍadin) (to laugh by showing stringed pearls, i.e., the teeth), to show a toothy smile; to grin from ear to ear; ضحك على ذقنه (daqanidī; pl. على ذقونهم ) (eg. syr.) to fool s.o., make a fool of s.o., pull s.o.’s leg, make fun of s.o., lead s.o. around by the nose (ب with s.th.), put on an act for s.o.; ضحك في ذقنه (daqanihī) to laugh in s.o.,s face II to make (ه s.o.) laugh III to joke, jest, banter (ه with s.o.) IV and X to make (ه s.o.) laugh (من about) | ما يضحك الثكلى (taklā) (that which makes a woman who has lost her child laugh =) irresistibly comical VI to laugh

ضحك ḍaḥk, ḍiḥk, ḍaḥik laugh(ing); laughter

ضحكة ḍaḥka (n. vic.) pl. -āt laugh

ضحكة ḍuḥka object of ridicule, laughingstock

ضحوك ḍaḥuk frequently, or constantly, laughing; laugher

ضحاك ḍaḥḥāk frequently, or constantly, laughing; laugher; joker, jester, wag, buffoon

اضحوكة uḍḥūka pl. اضاحك aḍāhik2 object of ridicule, laughingstock; lark, spree, hoax, practical joke

اضحك aḍḥak2 more ridiculous, more laughable, more ludicrous, funnier, more comical

مضحكة maḍḥaka object of ridicule, laughingstock

ضاحك ḍāḥik pl. ضواحك ḍawāḥik2 laughing | ضاحك السن ḍ. as-sinn cheerful, gay, sunny

مضحك muḍḥik ridiculous, laughable, ludicrous, droll, funny, comical; comedian, buffoon, jester | قصة تمثيلية مضحكة (qiṣṣa tamtīlīya) comedy

ضحل ḍaḥl shallow, shoal, flat; a shallow, a shoal

ضحى ) and ضحو) ضحا ḍaḥā u (ḍaḥw, ḍuḥuw) to become visible, appear; -- ضحى ḍaḥiya a (ضحى ḍaḥlan) to become visible, appear; to be struck by the sun’s rays II to sacrifice, offer up, immolate (ب s.th.) | ضحى بنفسه to sacrifice o.s.; ضحى بالنفس والنفس to sacrifice life and property (properly: the soul and that which is precious) IV to be, become; with foll. imperf.: to begin, start, commence, or set about to (do s.th.); to come to ..., get to ..., get to the point where ..., get into a situation where ...

ضحوة ḍaḥwa pl. ḍaḥawāt forenoon; morning

ضحى ḍuḥan (m. and f.) forenoon | بين عشية وضحاها (‘asīyatin wa-ḍuḥāhā) over night, from one day to the next, all of a sudden

ضحية ḍaḥīya forenoon; -- (pl. ضحايا ḍaḥāyā) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, immolation; victim | وقع ضحيته or ذهب (ḍaḥīyatahū) to fall victim to, become a victim of s.th. or s.o.

اضحى aḍḥan (coll.; n. un. اضحاة aḍḥāh) slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, immolation | عيد الأضحى ‘īd al-a. the Feast of Immolation, or Greater Bairam, on the 10th of Zu’lhijja; يوم الأضحى yaum al-a. the Day of Immolation, i.e., the 10th of Zu’lhijja

اضحية uḍḥīya pl. اضاحى aḍāhīy2 slaughter animal, blood sacrifice, immolation

تضحية taḍḥiya sacrificing, immolation; (pl. -āt) sacrifice

ضاح ḍāḥin: ضاح الشمس sunlit

ضاحية ḍāḥiya pl. ضواح ḍawāḥin surroundings, vicinity, outskirts; suburb

مضحى muḍaḥḥan place where one has breakfast

ضخ ḍakka u (ḍakk) to spurt, spout, squirt (هـ water)

مضخة miḍakka pl. -āt squirt, spray(er); pump | مضخة جذابة (jaḍḍāba) suction pump; مضخة الحرائق (الحريق ) fire engine; مضخة رافعة suction pump

ضخم ḍakuma u (ضخم ḍakāma) to be or become big, large, bulky, heavy, gross, voluminous II to inflate, blow up (هـ s.th.) V to swell, become inflated; to expand, distend

ضخم ḍakm pl. ḍikām big, large, sizable, great (also of a name, of prestige); bulky, gross; heavy, voluminous, huge, vast, ample, colossal; stout, corpulent, plump, buxom; magnificent, splendid, gorgeous, luxurious, pompous | المدفعية الضخمة (midfa‘īya) heavy artillery

ضخامة ḍakāma bigness, largeness, greatness; bulkiness, grossness; heaviness; volume, voluminosity; stoutness, plumpness, corpulence, obesity; pomp, splendor

تضخيم taḍkīm inflating

ضخم taḍakkum inflation; swelling, expansion, dilation, distention; (monetary) inflation, also (نقدي) تضخم مالي (naqdī) | تضخم الطحال distention of the spleen (med.)

مضخم muḍakkim pl. -āt amplifier | مضخم الصوت m. aṣ-ṣaut loud-speaker

ضد III to be contrary, opposed, contrasting, antagonistic, inverse; to act, set o.s. (هـ, ه against), antagonize (ه s.o.), contravene, violate (هـ s.th.), be opposed (هـ, ه to), be contradictory (هـ to s.th.), act contrary to s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ) VI to be opposed to each other, be contradictory, contradict one another

ضد ḍidd pl. اضداد aḍdād an opposite, a contrary, contrast; word with two opposite meanings; adversary, opponent; antitoxin, antidote, anti- (in compounds); ضدة ḍidda (prep.) against | كان على الضد to do or think the opposite, take an opposite stand

ضدية ḍiddiīya contrariness, oppositeness, opposition; enmity, hostility, animosity

مضادة muḍādda contrast, opposite, contradiction

تضاد taḍādd contrast, opposite, contradiction

مضاد muḍādd opposed, opposite, contrary, counter-, contra-, anti- (in compounds); pl. مضادات antidotes | مضادات للحبل (ḥabal) contraceptives; مضادات حشرية (ḥašarīya) insecticides; مضادات للفساد (li-l-fasād) antiseptics

متضاد mutaḍādd contrary, opposite

ضر ḍarra u (ḍarr) to harm, impair, prejudice, damage, hurt, injure (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), do harm, be harmful, noxious or injurious (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.) II to damage, harm, prejudice III = I; IV = | (ب or هـ, ه ); to force, compel, coerce, oblige (ه على s.o. to); to do violence (ه to s.o.), bring pressure to bear (ه on); to add a second wife to one'. household V to be damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss; to complain (من of, about) VII to be damaged, harmed, impaired, prejudiced, hurt, or injured; to suffer damage or loss VIII to force, compel, coerce, oblige (ه s.o., الى to); -- pass. uḍṭurra to be forced, compelled, obliged (الى to); to be in an emergency or predicament, be hard pressed; to be in need (الى of s.th.) need, want (الى s.th.)

ضر ḍurr, ḍarr damage, harm, impairment, prejudice, detriment, injury, hurt; loss, disadvantage

ضر ḍirr, ḍurr addition of a second wife to one’s household

ضرة ḍarra pl. -āt, ضرائر ḍarā’ir2 wife other than the first of a plural marriage;

udder

ضرر ḍarar pl. اضرار aḍrār harm, damage, detriment; loss, disadvantage | ما الضرر what does it matter? what’s the harm of it? اخف الضررين akaff aḍ-ḍ the lesser of the two evils

ضراء ḍarrā’ distress, adversity | في السراء والضراء (sarrā’) in good and bad days, for better or for worse

ضرير ḍarīr blind

ضرورة ḍarūra pl. -āt necessity, stress, constraint, need; distress, plight, emergency, want, austerity; ḍarūratan necessarily | بالضرورة necessarily; عند الضرورة in case of need, if need. be, when necessary; للضرورة القصوى (quṣwā) in case of dire necessity, if worst comes to worst; للضرورة احكام and الضرورة تبيح المحظورات (tubīḥu) necessity knows no laws

ضروري ḍarūrī necessary, imperative, requisite, indispensable, inevitable; pl. ضروريات ḍarūrīyāt necessaries, necessities | كان من الضروري to be necessary; ضروريات الحياة ḍ. al-ḥayāh necessities of life; ضروريات الأحوال exigencies, requirements of the situation

مضرة maḍarra pl. -āt, مضار maḍārr2 harm, damage, detriment, loss, disadvantage على for)

اضطرار iḍtirār compulsion, coercion; necessity, exigency, requirement; plight, predicament, emergency | عند الاضطرار in case of emergency

اضطرارى iḍṭirārī coercive, compulsory, inevitable, necessary, obligatory

ضار ḍārr harmful, injurious, detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous

مضر muḍirr harmful, injurious, detrimental, noxious, disadvantageous (ب to, for)

مضطر muḍṭarr forced, compelled, obliged (الى to); poor, destitute; wanting (الى s.th.), in need (الى of s.th.)

ضرب ḍaraba i (ḍarb) to boat, strike, hit (ه s.o., هـ s.th., ب with; على ب with s.th. on; على ه s.o. on); to shoot, fire (هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th.), shell, bombard (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to play (هـ, على a musical instrument); to make music; to type (on a typewriter); to sting (scorpion); to separate, part (بين people); to impose (هـ على on s.o. s.th.); ضرب عن to turn away from, leave, forsake, abandon, avoid, or shun s.o. or s.th.; -- (ḍarb, ضربان ḍarabān) to pulsate, palpitate, throb, boat (vein, heart); to ache (violently), hurt (wound, tooth); to move, stir; to rove, roam about, travel (في in, through), loiter, stroll (in streets); to cruise (ship); to migrate (bird); to incline (الى to a color), shade (الى into a color); -- (ضراب ḍirāb) to cover, mount (ها the camel mare) | ضرب له اجلا (ajalan) to fix a date for s.o.; ضرب الأرز (aruzza) to hull rice; ضرب في الأرض (arḍ) to travel; ضرب بوية على (bōya) to paint or daub s.th.; ضرب الباب to knock on the door; ضرب الجرس (jaras) to ring the bell; ضرب حقنا (ḥaqnan) to administer a syringe, give an injection; ضرب خطا (kaṭṭan) to draw a line; ضرب أخماسا لأسداس (li-asdāsin) and ضرب اخماسه في اسداسه to brood, rack one’s brain in order to find a way out; to be at one’s wit’s end; to intrigue, scheme; to build air castles; to daydream; ضرب خيمة (kaimatan) to pitch a tent; ضرب الرقم القياسي (raqma, qiyāsīya) to break a record; ضرب السلام (salām) to give a military salute; ضرب ضريبة to impose a tax (على on s.o.); ضرب اطنابه في (aṭnābahū) to take root, prevail (at a place); ضرب اطنابه على to settle down, take up permanent residence in a place; ضرب طوبا (ṭūban) to make brick; ضرب عددا في آخر (‘adadan fī ākara) to multiply a number by another; ضرب عنقه ‘unuqahū) to behead, decapitate s.o., have s.o.’s head cut off; ضرب قالبه (qāllabahū) to imitate s.th.; ضرب كفا (kaffan) to slap s.o.’s face; ضرب مثلا لـ (matalan) to apply a proverb to; ضرب له مثلا (matalan) to give s.o. an example, point out a model for s.o.; ضرب مثلا to give an example; to quote as an example (هـ لـ or ب على s.th. for); ضرب الأمثال to impart words of wisdom, point out morals; ضرب نقودا to mint money; ضرب موعدا (mau‘idan) to agree on time or place of a meeting, make an appointment; ضرب الى الحمرة (الى الصفرة ) (ḥumra, ṣafra) to shade into red (into yellow); ضرب به الأرض (arḍ) to throw s.o. or s.th. to the ground; ضرب في الخيال (kayāl) to be in the clouds, be unrealistic; to want the impossible; ضرب برأسه على صدره (bi-ra’sihī ‘alā ṣadrihī) to let one’s head sink to the chest; ضرب بسهم مصيب في (bi-sahmin muṣībin) to take an active part in; ضرب بسهم ونصيب في (wa-naṣībin) to participate in, share s.th.; ضرب فيه بعرق (bi-‘irq) do.; ضرب به عرض الحائط (‘urda l-ḥ.) not to give a hoot for s.th.; to disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.; ضرب بنظره الى (naẓarihī) to turn one’s glance to; ضرب بوجه صاحبه (bi-wajhihī ṣāḥibihī) to boomerang, fall back on the originator; ضرب على كلمة (kalima) to efface, strike, or erase, a word; ضرب عنه صفحا (ṣafḥan) to turn away s.o. or s.th.; to disregard, ignore s.o. or s.th., pay no attention to, pass over s.o. or s.th.; ضرب في حديد بريد to take futile steps; to beat the air; ضرب لنفسه سبعة ايام (sab’ata ayyamin) he decided to stay seven days; ضرب بين وبينه الأيام (ayyām) fate separated me from him,

drew us apart II to mix, blend (هـ ب s.th. with); to sow dissension, cause trouble (بين among); to quilt (هـ a fabric) III to contend, vie, fight (هـ with s.o.); to speculate IV to turn away (عن from), leave, abandon, forsake, desert, avoid, shun (عن s.o., s.th.); to remain, stay, abide (في in) | اضرب جأشا لـ (ja’šan) to be prepared for s.th., make up one’s mind to take s.th. upon o.s.; اضرب صفحا عن (ṣafḥan) to desist, abstain from; اضرب عن العمل (‘amal) to stop work, to strike; اضرب عن الطعام (ṭa‘ām) to go, on a hunger strike VI to come to blows, brawl, fight, strike one another; to be divided, differ, conflict, clash, be contradictory (opinions, and the like) VIII to clash, surge, lap (waves); to be set, or get, into a state of unrest, turmoil, excitement, commotion, tumult, agitation, be or become agitated, troubled; to be in a lively stir, move about, bustle, hustle, romp; to sway, reel, waver; to be or become disturbed, unsettled, disorganized, disarranged, disordered, confused, entangled, upset, restless, uneasy, or anxious; to tremble, shake

ضرب ḍarb beating, striking, hitting, rapping; shooting, shelling, gunning, bombing, bombardment; multiplication; coining, formation; minting (of money); -- (pl. ضروب ḍurūb) kind, sort, specimen, species, variety; last foot of the second hemistich; (pl. اضراب aḍrāb) similar, like | ضربخانة and دار الضرب (money) mint; ضرب الرمل ḍ. ar-raml geomancy; ضرب النار shooting, tiring, shelling, gunning, bombardment; وضع السلاح تحت الضرب to level a weapon, bold a weapon ready to fire; هو واضرابه he and the likes of him

ضربة ḍarba (n. vic.) pl. ḍarabāt blow, knock, punch; thrust, push, jolt, shock; stroke, lash; shot; plague, affliction, trial, tribulation, punishment | ضربة الشمس ḍ. aš-šams sunstroke, heatstroke; ضربة قاضية (qāḍiya) fatal blow, deathblow (على for); ضربة جزاء ḍ. jazā’ penalty kick (in soccer)

ضراب ḍirāb copulation (of a female animal)

ضريب ḍarīb beaten, struck, smitten, bit; similar, like | ضريب للشيخ فلان one of the caliber of Sheik So-and-So

ضريبة ḍarība pl. ضرائب ḍarāib2 imposition, impost; levy, tax, duty; character, nature | ضريبة الدخل ḍ. ad-dakl income tax; ضريبة كسب العمل ḍ. kasb al-‘amal wage tax; ضريبة الملاهى ḍ. al-malāhī admission tax, entertainment tax

مضرب maḍrib pl. مضارب madārib2 camp site; camp; place, spot, locality; way, path; large tent, marquee | كان مضرب المثل (الأمثال ) (m. al-maṭal) to be proverbial, be exemplary, be unique, be cited as an example; مضارب ارز m. aruzz rice-hulling facilities

مضرب miḍrab pl. مضارب maḍārib2 large tent, marquee, pavilion; bat, mallet; racket (tennis, etc.); whisk, beater (e.g., for eggs); swatter, flyswatter; piano

مضراب miḍrāb bat, mallet, racket (ball games, tennis)

مضاربة muḍāraba pl. -āt speculation (stock exchange); silent partnership (Isl. Law), limited partnership, partnership in commendam

اضراب iḍrāb pl. -āt strike

تضارب taḍārub opposition, contradiction, inconsistency, discrepancy, incompatibility, conflict, clash (of opinions, and the like)

ضرب idṭirāb pl. -āt disturbance, disorder, disarray; confusion, muddle, perturbation; disorganization, disruption, upset, derangement; trouble, commotion, unrest, riot (also pol.); restlessness, restiveness | اضطرابات عصبية (‘aṣabīya) nervous disorders

ضوارب ḍawārib2 pl. of ضارب ḍārib besting, striking, etc. | العروق الضوارب the arteries; طير ضوارب (ṭair) migratory birds

مضروب maḍrūb appointed, agreed upon, fixed, determined (time, date, place); multiplicand (math.) | مضروب فيه multiplier (math.)

مضربة muḍarraba quilt, comforter

مضارب muḍārib pl. -ūn speculator

متضارب mutaḍārib conflicting, irreconcilable, incompatible, divided (opinions, and the like); contradictory, discrepant, inconsistent

مضطرب muḍṭarib disturbed, disordered, disarrayed, unsettled; confused, muddled, perturbed; upset, disrupted, disorganized, deranged; uneasy, restive, agitated, excited, anxious; weak, insufficiently supported (tradition)

مضطرب muḍtarab playground (fig.)

ضربخان see ضرب ḍarb

ضرج ḍaraja u (ḍarj) to spot, stain, befleck, smear (هـ بالدم s.th. with blood) II = I V to redden, be or become red

مضرج muḍaraj: مضرج اليدين m. al-yadain with bloodstained hands; (caught) red-handed, in the act

ضريح ḍarīḥ pl. ضرائح darā’iḥ2, اضرحة aḍriḥa grave, tomb; mausoleum

ضرس ḍarasa i (ḍars) to bite firmly or fiercely (هـ s.th.); -- darisa a (daras) to be dull (الأسنان the teeth from acid food and drink)

ضرس ḍirs pl. اضراس aḍrās, ضروس ḍurūs molar tooth | ضرس العقل ḍ. al-‘aql wisdom tooth

حرب ضروس ḥarb ḍarūs fierce, murderous war

تضاريس taḍārīs2: تضاريس الأرض t. al-arḍ elevations, undulations of the ground; تضاريس الوجه t. al-wajh wrinkles of the face

ضرط ḍaraṭ i (ḍarṭ, ضريط ḍarīṭ, ضراط ḍurāṭ) to break wind

ضرط ḍarṭ (n. un ة ) wind, fart

ضراط ḍurāṭ wind, fart

ضرع ḍara‘a a, ḍaru‘a u (ضرعة ḍarā‘a) and ḍarā‘a a (ḍarā‘a) to be humble, submissive (الى toward s.o.), humiliate o.s., abase o.s. (الى before); to implore, beg, beseech, entreat (الى s.o.) III to be similar, be equal (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V and VIII to humiliate o.s., abase o.s. (الى before); to implore, beg, beseech, entreat (الى s.o.)

ضرع ḍar‘ pl. ضروع ḍurū‘, ضراع ḍirā‘ udder, teat | الزرع والضرع (zar‘) agriculture and stock farming

ضرع ḍir‘ like, alike, similar

ضراعة ḍarā‘a submissiveness, humbleness; imploring, begging, entreaty, supplication

مضارعة muḍāra‘a likeness, similarity, resemblance

تضرع taḍarru‘ imploring, begging, entreaty, supplication

ضارع ḍāri‘ frail (of a person)

مضارع muḍāri‘ like, alike, similar; (gram.) imperfect

ضرغم ḍargam pl. ضراغم ḍarāgim2 lion

ضرغام ḍirgām pl. ضراغمة ḍarāgima lion

ضرم ḍarama a (ḍaram) to catch fire, be on fire, burn, flare, blaze; to break out, flare up (war) II to kindle, light (هـ fire) | ضرم النار في to set s.th. on fire, set fire to s.th. IV = II; V to burn, flare, flame, be ablaze (also of emotions, of passion) VIII = I

ضرام ḍirām burning, blaze, flare; fire, conflagration

اضطرام iḍṭirām burning, flare, blaze; fire, conflagration

مضطرم muḍṭarim burning, flaming, on fire

ضرو II to set (هـ ب a dog on game); to provoke (ه s.o.) to a fight (ب with)

ضرو ḍirw pl. اضر aḍrin, ضراء ḍirā’ hound, hunting dog

ضراوة ḍarāwa greed, voracity

ضار ḍārin voracious, ferocious, savage, rapacious; (pl. ضوار ḍawārin) beast of prey, predatory animal

ضعضع ḍa‘ḍa‘a to tear down, demolish, raze, ruin, undermine, weaken (هـ s.th.) II taḍa‘ḍa‘a to decline, decay, become dilapidated, perish; to become weak or weaker, wane; to dissolve, fall apart (organization)

ضعضعة ḍa‘ḍa‘a demolition, razing; sapping, undermining; debility, frailty, feebleness | ضعضعة الكبر ḍ. al-kibar senility, dotage

متضعضع mutaḍa‘ḍi‘ dilapidated, decayed; weakened, debilitated; weak, frail, feeble; submissive, humble

ضعف ḍa‘ufa u (ḍu‘f) to be or become weak, weakly, feeble, frail, delicate, debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, or slack; to become weaker, wane, decrease, diminish, abate, be attenuated; to be too weak (عن for s.th.) IV to weaken, enfeeble, debilitate (من or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) X to deem (ه s.o.) weak; to behave arrogantly (ه toward s.o.)

ضعف ḍ‘uf, ḍa‘f weakness, feebleness, frailty; weakening, enfeeblement, debilitation | ضعف الإرادة weakness of will; الضعف العصبي (‘aṣabī) neurasthenia, nervous debility; ضعف التناسل ḍ. at-tanāsul sexual impotence

ضعيف ḍa‘īf pl. m. ضعفاء ḍu‘afā’2, ضعاف ḍi‘āf, ضعفة ḍa‘afa, pl. f. ضعائف ḍa‘ā’if2 weak, feeble; frail, weakly, delicate,

debilitated, impotent, languid, flabby, slack; deficient (as a school-report mark) | ضعيف الإرادة weak-willed; ضعيف العقل ḍ. al-‘aql dim-witted, feeble-minded; ضعيف القلب ḍ. al-qalb weak-spirited, pusillanimous, meek, faint-hearted, despondent, cowardly; هذا الضعيف my own insignificant self, I (as an expression of modesty)

اضعاف iḍ‘āf weakening, enfeeblement, debilitation; impairment

مستضعف mustaḍ‘af deemed weak; weak; oppressed, miserable

2 ضعف II to double, redouble (هـ s.th.); to multiply, compound (هـ s.th.) III do. (من or هـ s.th.) VI to be doubled, be compounded, be multiplied

ضعف pl. ḍi‘f pl. اضعاف aḍ‘āf double, that which is twice as much; a multiple, that which is several times as much, (after numerals) -fold; fold of a garment; pl. interstice, space | مئة ضعفه mi’atu ḍi‘fihī a hundred times as much, the hundredfold of it; ثلاثة اضعافه talātatu aḍ‘āfihī thrice as much, the threefold of it; اضعاف اضعافه a. aḍ‘āfihī many times as much, e.g. فاق هذا المبلغ مرتبه اضعاف اضعافه )mablagu murattabahū aḍ‘āfa a.) this amount was many times as much as his salary; اضعافا مضاعفة aḍ‘āfan muḍā‘afatan many times, a hundred-fold

تضاعيف taḍā‘īf2 contents, text (of a piece of writing); folds; space between the lines; (as an expletive after في) في تضاعيفه within it, therein contained

مضاعفة muḍā‘afa doubling, compounding, multiplying; pl. -āt complications (of a disease)

تضاعف taḍā‘uf doubling, multiplying

مضعف muḍa‘‘af twofold, double; multiplied, compounded, increased many times

مضاعف muḍā‘af twofold, double; multiplied, compounded, increased many times; see also ḍi‘f

ضعة ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a see وضع

ضغث ḍagata a (ḍagt) to confuse, muddle, mix up (هـ a story)

ضغث lIiM pl. اضغاث aḍgāt bunch, bouquet; mixture, muddle, jumble, maze | اضغاث الأحلام confused dreams; زاد ضغثا على ابالة (ibāla) to make a thing worse

ضغط ḍagaṭa a (ḍagṭ) to press, squeeze (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to compress (هـ air); to exert pressure (على on); to oppress, suppress (على s.o., s.th.), beer down heavily (على upon) VII to be pressed, be squeezed, be compressed

ضغط ḍagṭ pressure; emphasis, stress; oppression, suppression; voltage, tension (el.) | الضغط الجوي (jawwī) atmospheric pressure; ضغط الدم ḍ. ad-dam and الضغط الدموي (damawī) blood pressure; ضغط الهواء ḍ. al-hawā’ air pressure; تحت ضغط الرأي العام (ḍ. ar-ra’y al-‘āmm) under the pressure of public opinion

ضغطة ḍagṭa (n. vic.) pressure

O ضغوطية ḍugūṭīya (wind) pressure

ضاغوط ḍāgūṭ nightmare

O مضاغط madāgiṭ2: مضاغط هوائية (hawā’īya) compressors

تضاغط taḍāguṭ compression (phys.; as opposed to تخلخل takalkul)

انضغاط inḍigāṭ compressibility

ضاغط ḍāgiṭ: آلة ضاغطة compressor

مضغوط madgūṭ: هواء مضغوط (hawā’) compressed air

ضغن ḍagina a (ḍagan) to bear a grudge, harbor (secret) hatred (على against), recent (على s.o.) VI to harbor a grudge against one another

ضغن ḍign pl. اضغان aḍgān rancor, spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill will, (secret) hatred

ضغن ḍagin malicious, malevolent, rancorous, spiteful, resentful

ضغينة ḍagīna pl. ضغائن ḍagā’in2 rancor, spite, grudge, malice, malevolence, ill-will, (secret) hatred

ضفة ḍiffa crowd, throng, jam (of people)

ضفة ḍiffa, ḍaffa pl. ضفاف ḍifāf bank, share; coast

ضفف ḍafaf poverty, destitution

ضفدع ḍifdi‘, ḍafda‘ pl. ضفادع ḍafādi‘2 frog | O ضفدع بشري (bašarī) frogman (mil.)

ضفر ḍafara i (ḍafr) to braid, plait (هـ hair), interweave, interlace, intertwine (هـ s.th.); to twine (هـ a rope) II = I; III to help, assist, aid (ه s.o.) VI to help one another (على to do s.th.); to be tightly interwoven, be tied up, be closely connected (مع with); to be connected (evidence)

ضفر ḍafr pl. ضفور ḍufūr (saddle) girth

ضفار ḍafār pl. ضفر ḍufur (saddle) girth

ضفيرة ḍafīra pl. اضفار ḍafā’ir2 plait; braid, tress, pigtail; plaitwork, wicker-work; galloon, lace; strand, hank, skein; plexus (anat.)

ضفا (ضفو ) dafā u (ḍafw) to be abundant, copious; to flow over IV to allot generouely (على هـ s.th. to); to grant, award (على هـ s.th. to); to let s.o. or s.th. (على ) have (هـ s.th.); to fill (هـ على s.th. with); to wrap, envelope (على s.th., هـ with), spread (على هـ s.th. over)

ضفوة ḍafwa: ضفوة العيش ḍ. al-‘aiš an easy, comfortable life

ضاف ḍāfin abundant, copious, ample; detailed, elaborate, extensive

ضل ḍalla i (ضلال ḍalāl, ضلالة ḍalāla) to lose one’s way, go astray; to stray (عن or هـ from the way); to err | ضل سعيه (sa‘yuhū) his effort was in vain II to mislead, lead astray, misguide (ه s.o.); to delude, deceive (ه s.o.) | ضل نفسه to delude o.s. IV = II; to make (ه s.o.) lose his way (هـ ); to let (هـ ) s.th. get lost

ضل ḍull error

ضلال ḍalāl a straying from the right path or from truth; error | Oضلال الألوان color blindness, dichromatism

ضلالة ḍalāla error

اضلولة uḍlūla pl. اضاليل aḍālīl2 error

مضلة maḍalla occasion, or possibility, of going astray

تضليل taḍlīl misleading, misguidance, delusion, deception

اضلال iḍlāl misleading, misguidance, delusion, deception

ضال ḍāll pl. ضوال ḍawāll straying, roaming, wandering; astray, lost; erroneous, false

ضالة ḍālla goal of persistent search, object of a long-cherished wish | ضالة منشودة do.

مضلل muḍallil misleading, misguiding, deceptive, delusive, fallacious

مضل muḍill misleading, misguiding, deceptive, delusive, fallacious

ضلع ḍala‘a a (ḍal‘) with مع : to aide with s.o., make common cause with s.o.; -- ḍalu‘a u (ضلاعة ḍalā‘a) to be otrong, sturdy, robust; -- ḍalī‘a a (ḍala‘) to be crooked, bent, curved, to curve II to crook, bend, curve (هـ s.th.) V to be jammed, crammed (من with); to be versed, skilled, proficient, knowledgeable (من in), be conversant, be thoroughly familiar or acquainted (من with), be at home (من in a field of knowledge) VIII to be versed, skilled, proficient (ب in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted, be conversant (ب with); to assume, take over, take upon o.s. (ب s.th., a task, financial expenses, a job, and the like) X to be versed, skilled, proficient (من in), be thoroughly familiar or acquainted, be conversant (من with)

ضلع ḍal‘ affection, attachment | ضلعه معه he sympathized with him, he is on his aide

ضلع ḍil‘, ḍilā‘ pl. ضلوع ḍulū‘, اضلاع aḍlā‘, اضلع aḍlu‘ rib; cutlet, chop; side (of a triangle); الأضلاع the chest, the breast | ضلع البرميل ḍ. al-birmīl barrel stave; متساوى الأضلاع mutasāwī l-a. equilateral (geom.); كان له ضلع في الأمر he had s.th. to do with the matter, he had a hand in it, he played a role in the affair

ضليع ḍalī‘ strong, sturdy; knowledgeable, experienced, skilled

ضلاعة ḍalā‘a strength, sturdiness, robustness (of the body)

مضلع muḍalla‘ ribbed; polygonal; (pl. -āt polygon | صاج مضلع corrugated iron

متضلع mutaḍalli‘ versed, skilled, proficient (من in), thoroughly familiar, conversant (من with); expert (من in)

ضلمه (Turk. dolma) ḍolma stuffed food (e.g., eggplants stuffed with meat and rice)

ضم ḍamma u (ḍamm) to bring together, join, draw together, contract (هـ s.th.); to add (up), sum up (هـ s.th.); to gather, collect, reap, harvest (هـ s.th.); to unite, bring together (هم persons); to embrace, hug (ه s.o.); to join, subjoin, annex (الى هـ s.th. to), add, attach (الى هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to), unite (الى هـ, ه s.o. , s.th. with); to combine (within o.s. different things); to close, compress (هـ the lips); to grasp, grip, grab, seize (على s.o., s.th.); to get (ه s.o.) into a predicament (said of fate); to pronounce with the vowel u (هـ a consonant; gram.) | ضم الصفوف to close the ranks; ضمه الى صدره (ṣadrihī) to press s.o. to one’s bosom, embrace s.o.; ضم اليه زوجته (zaujatahū) he embraced his wife VI to unite, rally, join forces VII to close, draw or crowd together, be closely packed; to be joined, united, or combined (الى with), unite, join forces (الى with); to be added, be annexed (الى to); to associate, affiliate (الى with); to enter, join (الى an organization, and the like); to comprise, include, encompass, embrace, contain (على s.th.)

ضم ḍamm addition, subjunction; gathering, collecting, rallying, joining, uniting, amalgamation, fusion; admission, enrollment; the vowel u (gram.)

ضم ḍamma the vowel point for u; (pl. -āt) embrace, hug

ضميمة ḍamīma pl. ضمائم ḍamā’im2 addition, supplement; increase, raise (of salary)

تضام taḍāmm: تضاما مع together with, jointly with

انضمام inḍimām annexation (الى to), joining (الى of), union, association, affiliation (الى with); entry, enrollment (الى into an organization, and the like), accession (الى to)

مضموم maḍmūm closed, tight, compressed (mouth)

منضم munḍamm: نظام منضم close order (mil.)

O منضمة munḍamma accessory, attachment (techn.)

اضمحل iḍmiḥlāl to disappear, vanish, dwindle, fade away, molt away; to decrease, become less

اضمحلال iḍmiḥlāl disappearance, vanishing, evanescence; fading

مضمحل muḍmaḥill vanishing, evanescent, fading; damped (oscillations, waves; phys.)

ضمخ ḍamaka u (ḍamk) and II to oil, anoint, rub, perfume (هـ ب, ه s.o., s.th. with)

ضمد ḍamada u i (ḍamd, ضماد ḍimād) and II to dress, bandage (هـ s.th., esp. a wound)

ضماد ḍimād bandaging (of a wound); bandage, band, ligature; carrying on of several love affairs (of a woman)

ضمادة ḍimāda dressing (of a wound), bandage

مضمد muḍammid (ir.) male nurse

مضمدة muḍammida o compress; (ir.) nurse

ضمر ḍamara, ḍamura u (ḍumr, ضمور ḍumūr) to be or become lean, emaciated, skinny, thin, slim, slander; to contract, shrink II to emaciate, make lean, thin, or slender (هـ s.th.) IV = II; to secrete, conceal, hide, keep secret (هـ في نفسه s.th. in one’s heart), keep (هـ s.th.) to o.s. (في نفسه ); to harbor, entertain (هـ ل a feeling toward, against) |اضمر له الشر (šarra) to boar s.o. a grudge, harbor ill will against s.o. V to become lean, emaciated VII to dry up, wither, wilt, shrivel

ضمر ḍumr emaciation; leanness, skinniness, thinness, slenderness, slimness

ضمور ḍumūr emaciation; loanness, skinniness, thinness, slenderness, slimness; atrophy (med.)

ضمار ḍimār: دين ضمار (ḍain) bad debt (i.e., a debt deemed uncollectible)

ضمير ḍamīr pl. ضمائر ḍamā’ir2 heart; mind; innermost; conscience; (independent or suffixed) personal pronoun (gram.) | تأنيث الضمير compunctions, contrition, repentance; حي الضمير ḥayy aḍ-ḍ. conscientious, scrupulous; مرتاح الضمير murtāḥ aḍ-ḍ. of peaceful mind; فاقد الضمير unscrupulous

مضمار miḍmār pl. مضامير maḍāmīr2 race course, race track; arena; field of activity, field, domain

اضمار iḍmār concealment (of a thought), mental reservation; ellipsis (rhet.)

ضامر ḍāmir loan, skinny, thin; slander, slim, svelte

مضمر muḍmar secret, hidden, covert; (independent or suffixed) personal pronoun, also اسم مضمر (ism; gram.)

ضمن ḍamina a (ضمان ḍamān) to be or become responsible or liable, be guaranty, give security or guaranty, vouch (ب or هـ for), warrant, ensure, safeguard, guarantee (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.); to insure (من هـ s.th. against) | ضمن لنفسه شيئا to be absolutely certain of s.th. II to have (هـ s.th.) insured (من against); to insert, include, enclose (هـ هـ s.th. in s.th. else) V to comprise, include, comprehend, imply, embrace, contain (هـ s.th.) VI to be jointly liable, have joint responsibility (هـ for s.th.); to be solidary, be in accord, stick together

ضمن ḍimn inside, interior; ḍimna (prep.) in, within, inside of, among; ضمنا ḍimnan (adv.) inclusively, implicitly, tacitly | مفهوم ضمنا tacitly comprised, implicit; من ضمن min ḍimni (with foll. genit.) included in, implied in, belonging to, falling under; من ضمنهم among them; مباشرة وضمنا (mubāšaratan) directly and indirectly

ضمني ḍimnī included, implied; hidden, implicit, tacit

ضمن ḍamān responsibility, guaranty, warrant, surety, security, liability, assurance, saveguard; insurance | ضمان جماعي (jamā‘ī) collective security; الضمان المشترك (muštarak) do.; محدود الضمان of limited liability, Ltd.; شركة الضمان širkat aḍ-ḍ. insurance company

ضمين ḍamīn pl. ضمناء ḍumanā’2 responsible, answerable, liable (ب for); warrantor, bail(sman), bondsma, surety, guarantor (ب for)

ضمانة ḍamāna guaranty, surety, warrant(y), collateral, security, bail

اضمن aḍman2 offering better guaranty

تضامن taḍāmun mutuality, reciprocity; joint liability; solidarity | شركة التضامن širkat at-t. commercial company of joint liability

ضامن ḍāmin responsible, answerable, liable; warrantor, bail(sman), bondsman, surety, guarantor

مضمون maḍmūn guaranteed, ensured, warranted; insured (object); (pl. مضامين maḍāmīn) content, purport, meaning (of a letter, and the like) | مضمون الوصول registered (letter); دين مضمون (dain) bonded, or funded, debt (fin.)

مضمن muḍamman included, implied

ضمن mutaḍāmin mutual, reciprocal; solidary, united in solidarity

ضن ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanintu) a and ḍanna (1st pers. perf. ḍanantu) i (ḍann) to keep back (ب s.th.), be sparing or stingy (ب على toward s.o. with), withhold (ب على from s.o. s.th.), (be)grudge (على s.o. ب s.th.) | ما ضن بمشقة على (bi-mašaqqatin) to shun no effort for the sake of

ضن ḍann: ضنا ب (ḍannan) in order to spare s.th., in due consideration of

ضنين ḍanīn niggardly, avaricious, stingy; sparing, thrifty, economical, scanty, meager, poor, insufficient

ضنك ḍanuka u (ḍank, ضناكة ḍanāka) to be straitened, cramped, confined (circumstances); to be weak, be exhausted

ضنك ḍank poverty, distress, straits | عيش ضنك (‘ail) a hard, wretched life

مضانك maḍānik2 straits, hardships

مضنك muḍnik weak, exhausted

ضنو ḍanw, ḍinw children

ضنى ḍaniya a (ḍanan) to become or be lean, emaciated, gaunt, enervated, or worn out; to pine away, be consumed (with grief) IV to emaciate, debilitate, weaken, enervate (. s.o.); to exhaust, wear out (ه s.o.); to undermine, sap (ه the health); to consume (ه s.o.; of anxiety, and the like)

ضن ḍanin, lean, emaciated, gaunt, languished, wasted, worn out, enervated; exhausted; consumed with grief, careworn

ضنى ḍanan weakness feebleness, debility, exhaustion, emaciation; grief

مضنى muḍnan lean, emaciated, gaunt, languished, wasted, worn out, enervated; exhausted; pining away, wasting away

ضهد ḍahada a (ḍah) to suppress, oppress, treat unjustly, persecute (ه s.o.) VIII = I

اضطهاد iḍṭihād pl. -āt suppression, repression, oppression, maltreatment, persecution, enslavement

مضطهد muṭahid oppressor, tyrant, persecutor

ضهر ḍahr pl. ضهور ḍuhūr summit, top (of a mountain)

ضهى III to be similar, alike, or corresponding; to resemble (ه s.o. هـ s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), correspond (ه to s.o., هـ to s.th.); to compare (على, ب هـ s.th. with; بين -- وبين two things); to imitate (ب s.o., s.th.)

ضهى ḍahān O menopause, climacteric

ضهى ḍaīy similar, (a)like, corresponding, analogous

مضاهاة muḍāhāh similarity, resemblance, likeness, correspondence, analogy; comparison (على with)

مضاه muḍāh similar, (a)like, corresponding, analogous

ضاء (ضوء ) ḍā’a u (ḍau’) to gleam, beam, radiate, shine II to light (هـ s.th., a lamp), to illumine, illuminate (هـ s.th.,

e.g., a house) IV = I; to shed light, out light (على upon, over); to light, illumine, illuminate (هـ s.th.); to enlighten (هـ s.th., the mind) V = I; X to be illumined, be lit, to seek light, to seek (to obtain) enlightenment or insight (ب by, through, in, with), to let o.s. be enlightened or guided (ب by)

ضوء ḍau’ pl. اضواء light; brightness, glow | ضوء الشمس ḍ. aš-šams sunlight, sunshine; ضوء القمر ḍ. al-qamar moonlight; ضوء كاشف searchlight; ضوء النهار ḍ. an-nahār daylight; على ضوء (with foll. genit.) in the light of, under the circumstances of, as seen from ...; according to

ضوئي ḍau’ī luminary, light- (in compounds) |سنة ضوئية (sana) light-year

ضياء ḍiyā’ light, brightness, glow

اضاءة iḍā’a lighting, illumination | الإضاءة المقيدة (muqayyada) restricted illumination = dim-out; مصباح الإضاءة miṣbāḥ al-i. incandescent lamp

مضيء muḍī’ shining, luminous, bright

ضاد ḍād name of the letter ض

ضار (ضور ) ḍāra u (ḍaur) to harm, injure, damage, prejudice (هـ, ه ه s.o., s.th.), inflict damage (هـ, ه upon); to suffer violent hunger, starve to death V to writhe with pain; to writhe, wince, be convulsed (هـ with pain. with hunger)

ضور ḍaur violent hunger

ضوضاء ḍauḍā noise, din, uproar

ضوضى ḍauḍan noise, din, uproar

ضاع (ضوع ) ḍā‘a u (ḍau’) to spread, diffuse, emanate (fragrance); to be fragrant, exhmale fragrance V = I

ضامة look up alphabetically

ضوى ḍawā i to resort, have recourse (الى to); -- ḍawiya a to be lean, thin, spare, slight, scrawny IV اضوى to weaken, debilitate (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.), to harm, injure, damage, prejudice (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) VII to join, follow (الى s.o.), attach o.s. (الى to s.o.), to rally, flock (الى around, تحت لوائه ) around or under s.o.’s banner)

ضاو ḍāwin thin, lean, spare, slight, scrawny

ضار (ضير ) ḍāra i (ḍair) to harm, injure, damage, prejudice (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), inflict damage (هـ, ه upon)

ضير ḍair harm, damage, injury, prejudice; wrong, iniquity, offense

قسمة ضيزى qisma ḍīzā unjust division

ضاع (ضيع ) ḍā‘a i (ḍai‘, ضياع ḍayā‘) to get lost, be lost (على for s.o.), to lose itself, disappear; to perish II and IV to ruin, let perish, thwart, frustrate, mar, destroy (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to lose. forfeit (هـ s.th.), be deprived (هـ of s.th.); to waste, squander, sped uselessly (ه s.th.); to neglect, omit (هـ s.th.); to miss, let go by (هـ s.th.), let slip (هـ s.th., e.g., an opportunity) | ضيع حقه (ḥaqqahū) to forfeit one’s right; الصيف ضيعت اللبن aṣ-ṣaifa ḍayya‘ti l-labana (invar.) approx.: you have let the opportunity go by, you milled your chance; اضاع صوابه (ṣawābahū) to lose one’s mind; اضاع عليه فرصة (furṣa) to make s.o. miss an opportunity; اضاع الوقت (waqt) to waste time

ضيع ḍai‘ loss

ضيعة ḍai‘a pl. ضياع ḍiyā‘ landed estate, country estate, domain; small village, hamlet

ضياع ḍayā‘ loss; ruin, destruction, perdition | ضياع الوقت ḍ. al-waqt loss of time

يا ضيعانة yā ḍī‘āna what a loss!

مضياع miḍyā‘ prodigal, squandering, wasteful; squanderer, wastrel, spend-thrift

تضييع taḍyī‘ waste, squandering, dissipation; neglect, omission

اضاعة iḍā‘a waste, squandering, dissipation; neglect, omission | اضاعة الوقت i. al-waqt waste of time

ضائع ḍā’i‘ pl. ضيع ḍuyya‘, ضياع ḍiyā‘ (getting) lost; poor, wretched, miserable

مضيعة maḍī‘a ruin, destruction, perdition, lost; -- muḍī‘a, مضيعة للوقت (li-l-waqt) waste of time, loss of time

مضيع muḍayyi‘ prodigal, squandering, wasteful

ضاف (ضيف ) ḍāfa i (ضيافة ḍiyāfa) to stop or stay as a guest II to take in as a guest, receive hospltably, entertain (ه s.o.) IV = II; to add, subjoin, annex, attach (هـ الى s.th. to); to admix (الى هـ s.th. to); to connect, bring in relation (الى هـ s.th. with); to ascribe, attribute, assign (هـ الى s.th. to s.o.) | اضاف اسما الى اسم (isman) to annex a noun (the first member of a genitive construction) to another (the second member; gram.); اضف الى ذلك ان (aḍif) what’s more ..., moreover..., furthermore …, VII to be added, be annexed, be subjoined, be attached (الى to) X to invite s.o, (ه ) to be one’s guest

ضيف ḍaif pl. ضيوف ḍuyūf, اضياف aḍyāf, ضيفان ḍīfān guest; visitor

ضيافة ḍiyāfa hospltable reception, entertainment as guest, accommodation; hospltality | انت في ضيافتي you are my guest

مضياف miḍyāf hospltable; hospltable host

مضافة muḍāfa hostel, guesthouse, inn

مضيفة mayafa guest room; guesthouse

اضافة iḍāfa addition, apposition; subjunction, annexation, appending, attachment, augmentation, supplementation; assignment, allocation; ascription, attribution (الى to); genitive construction (gram.) | اضافة الى اجل (ajal) limitation (of a legal transaction; Isl. Law); بالاضافة الى in comparison with, in relation to; with respect to, regarding ...; with regard to, in consideration of; in addition to, beside; بالاضافة الى ذلك moreover, furthermore, besides

اضافي iḍāfī additional, supplementary, auxiliary, contributory, extra; secondary, subsidiary, tributary, accessory, incidental, side-, by- (in compounds); relative (philos.)

اضافية iḍāfīya relativity (philos.)

مضيف muḍīf host

مضيفة muḍīfa hostess; air hostess, stewardess

مضاف muḍāf added, subjoined, adjoined, apposed; construct state (gram.) | المضاف اليه the second, or governed, noun of a genitive construction (gram.); مضافا الى ذلك moreover, furthermore, besides

ضيق (ضاق ) ḍāqa i (ḍaiq) to be or become narrow, straitened, cramped, confined; to become too narrow, too confined (ب for); to be anguished, uneasy, depressed, dejected (ب because of, by, at, about); to become or be tired, weary (ب of s.o., of s.th.) | ضاقت به الأرض (arḍu) to be at a loss, be at one’s wit’s end; ضاق به الحياة (ḥayātu) life depressed him, he had a bad time, he was bad off; ضاقت به السبل (subulu) to be at a loss, be at the end of one’s tether, be at one’s wit’s end; ضاق به ذرعا ب (dar‘an) not to be up to s.th.. be unable to do or accomplish s.th.; not to be able to stand or bear s.th., be fed up with, be tired of, feel uneasy about, be oppressed by; ضاق عنه ذرعا do.; ضاق صدره (ṣadruhū) to be annoyed, angry; ضاقت يده عن (yaduhū) to be incapable of; to be too poor to … II to make narrow or narrower, narrow (down), straiten, cramp, tighten, confine, constrain, restrain, restrict, contract (هـ s.th.); to pull tight (هـ s.th., e.g., a dress); to harass, oppress, beset, besiege, beleaguer (على s.o.); to keep (على s.o.) short (في in s.th.) | ضيق الحصار to tighten the blockade; ضيق على نفسه to restrain o.s., take restrictions upon o.s. III to vex, annoy, anger (ه s.o.); to harass, oppress, beset (ه s.o.); to trouble, bother, inconvenience, disturb, hinder, hamper, impede, affect gravely (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), bear down heavily (هـ, ه upon); to cause trouble (ه to s.o.) VI to be or become narrow, to narrow; to become annoyed, become irritated; to be angry (من at, about)

ضيق ḍīq narrowness; tightness, closeness; confinement, restriction, limitation, constraint; shortage, scarcity; oppression, anguish; dejectedness, depression, distress; lack, want, paucity, poverty; care, worry, anxiety; anger, annoyance, irritation, exasperation; weariness, ennui | ضيق ذات اليد ḍ. dāt al-yad poverty, destitution; ضيق المقام ḍ. al-maqām crampedness lack of space; ضيق النطاق do.; small range, limited extent, narrow scope; ضيق اليد ḍ. al-yad poverty, destitution

ضيق ḍayyiq narrow; tight; cramped; short, scarce; confined, limited, restricted | ضيق الخلق ḍ. al-kalq illiberal, ungenerous; impatient, annoyed; ضيق الصدر ḍ. aṣ-ṣadr vexed, annoyed (ب over, at, by), angry (ب at, with); upset, depressed, downcast, dejected; ضيق العقل ḍ. al-‘aql narrow-minded, hidebound, dull-witted; ضيق النطاق small-range; of narrow scope, limited in extent; confined, limited, restricted

ضيقة ḍaiqa, ḍīqa straitened circumstances, poverty; anguish

اضيق aḍyaq2 narrower, tighter

مضيق maḍīq pl. مضايق maḍāyiq2, مضائق strait(s); defile, (mountain) pass; narrow(s), stricture

تضييق taḍyīq narrowing, tightening; restriction, limitation; oppression | تضييق الحصار tightening of the blockade; تضييق الخناق (tightening of the rope =) strangling, suppression

مضايقة muḍāyaqa pl. -āt affliction, distress, grievance, embarrassment; obstruction, impediment. disturbance, harassment, molestation; depressing state; anger, annoyance, vexation, irritation; inconvenience, difficulty, trouble, nuisance

ضائقة ḍā’iqa pl. ضوائق ḍawā’iq2 predicament, straits, difficulty; critical situation, crisis | ضائقة العيش ḍ. al-‘aiš straitened circumstances; ضائقة مالية (mālīya) financial straits

مضايق muḍāyiq troublesome, irksome, wearisome, disturbing, annoying; nuisance (person)

متضايق mutaḍāyiq annoyed, vexed, irritated, exasperated, hungry; hard pressed

1 ضام (ضيم ) ḍāma i (ḍaim) to wrong, harm (ه s.o.), inflict damage (ه upon s.o.); to treat unjustly (ه s.o.) X = I

ضيم ḍaim pl. ضيوم ḍuyūm wrong, inequity, injustice; harm, damage, detriment, injury

ضامة look up alphabetically

ط

ط abbreviation of قيراط qīrāṭ

طاء ṭā’ name of the letter ط

طابة ṭāba pl. -āt ball

طابور ṭābūr pl. طوابير ṭawābīr2 battalion; (eg.) line, file, single file (of soldiers, of persons walking one behind the other); queue | الطابور الخامس the fifth column

طابية ṭābiya pl. طواب ṭawābin fortress, fort; round fortress tower; (eg.) rook, castle (chess)

طاجن ṭājin pl. طواجن ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.) shallow earthen pot

طار , طارة see طور

طارمة pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall

طازة ṭāza fresh, tender, new

طازج ṭāza fresh, new

1 طاس and طاسة see طوس

2 طاؤوس ṭā’ūs and طاووس ṭāwūs pl. طواويس ṭawāwīs2 peacock

طأطأ ṭa’ṭa’a to incline, bend, tilt, bow (رأسه ra’sahū one’s head; also used without رأسه )

مطأطئ muṭa’ṭi’ with bowed head

مطأطأ muṭaṭa’: مطأطأ الرأس m. ar-ra’s with bowed head

1 طاق ṭāq pl. -āt, طيقان ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl. -āt) layer, stratum

2 طاقة ṭāqa pl. -āt window

3 طاقية ṭāqīya pl. طواقي ṭawāqī white cotton skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh: in Eg. = عرقية ); fatigue cap (of the Eg. Territorial Army)

طأمن see طمأن

طاولة (It. tavola) ṭāwula table | لعبة الطاولة la‘bat aṭ-ṭāwila backgammon, tricktrack; تنس الطاولة table tennis

طب ṭabba u i (ṭabb, ṭibb, tubb) to treat medically (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), give medical treatment (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to seek to remedy, tackle (ل s.th.) II to treat medically (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), give medical treatment (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.) V to receive, or undergo, medical treatment, submit to medical treatment; to practice medicine, engage in the medical field X to seek medical advice (ه from s.o.), consult (ه a doctor)

طب ṭibb medical treatment: medicine, medical science | طب الأسنان ṭ. al-asnān dentistry, dental science; الطب البيطري (baiṭarī) veterinary science; الطب الشرعي (šar‘ī) forensic medicine; الطب النفساني (nafsānī) psychiatry; علم الطب ‘ilm aṭ-ṭ. medical science, medicine; كلية الطب kullīyat aṭ-ṭ. medical school, medical college, (chiefly G. B.:) faculty of medicine

طبي ṭibbī medical, pertaining to the medical profession or science | لائق طبيا (ṭibbīya) physically fit (e.g., for military service)

طبة ṭabba pl. -āt (eg.) cushion, pad; plug, stopper, stopple; bung

طبيب ṭabib pl. اطباء2, اطبة aṭibba physician, doctor | طبيب بيطري (baiṭarī) veterinarian; طبيب خاص (kāṣṣ) physician in ordinary, private physician (e.g., of a king); طبيب ساحر medicine man, shaman; طبيب الأسنان dental surgeon, dentist; طبيب شرعي (šar‘ī) medical examiner (jur.); طبيب الأمراض الجلدية (jildīya) dermatologist

طبيبة ṭabība female doctor, doctress

طبابة ṭibāba medical treatment; medical profession

تطبيب taṭbīb healing art, medical practice, medical profession

متطبب mutaṭabbib quack, quacksalver

طبخ ṭabaka a (ṭabk) to cook (هـ s.th.) VII to be or get cooked

طبخ ṭabk cooking, cookery; cooked food; O celluloid

طبخة ṭabka (n. un.) (article of cooked) food, meal, dish, course

طباخ ṭabbāk cook

طبيخ ṭabīk cooked food, fare

طباخة ṭibāka culinary art, cookery, cuisine

مطبخ maṭbak pl. مطابخ maṭābik2 kitchen; cookshop, eating house, luncheonette

مطبخ miṭbak pl. مطابخ maṭābik2 any cooking apparatus (also, e.g., a hot plate), cooking stove, kitchen range, portable range

1 طبر ṭabar hatchet, ax, battle-ax

طبردار ṭabardār sapper, pioneer (mil.)

2 طابور look up alphabetically

3 طبرية ṭabarīya2 Tiberias (city in Palestine, on W shore of Sea of Galilee)

طبشورة ṭabšūra (syr.) chalk

طباشير ṭabāšīr2 chalk

طباشيري ṭabāšīrī chalky, cretaceous, chalk- (in compounds)

طبطب ṭabṭaba to gurgle, purl (water); to pat, stroke, caress (على s.o.)

طبطابة ṭabṭāba bat, mallet, racket (for ball games)

طبع ṭaba‘a a (ṭab‘) to provide with an imprint, impress or impression (هـ or على s.th.); to impress with a stamp, seal or signet (هـ or على s.th.), leave or set one’s stamp, seal, mark, or impress (على or هـ, ه on s.o. on s.th.); to stamp, imprint, impress (على ه s.th. on); to mint, coin (هـ money); to print (هـ s.th.); pass. ṭubi‘a to have a natural aptitude or disposition, have a propensity, be disposed by nature (على for) | طبعه بطابعه (bi-ṭābi‘ihī) to place, set, or leave one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or s.th.; طبع عليه (ṭubi‘a) to be innate, inherent in s.o., be native, natural to s.o. II to tame, domesticate, break in, train (هـ an animal) V تطبع بطباعه (bi-ṭibā‘ihī) to take on, assume, or receive s.o.’s peculiar character, bear s.o.’s stamp or impress VII to be stamped, be printed, be imprinted, be impressed; to leave an imprint or impression (في on); to be disposed by nature (على for)

طبع ṭab‘ printing (of a book), print; (pl. طباع ṭibā‘) impress, impression, stamp, hallmark, peculiarity, characteristic, nature, character, temper, (natural) disposition | طبع الحجر al-ḥajar lithography; طبع الحروف typography; تحت الطبع in (the) press, at press (typ.); مسودة الطبع muswaddat and musawwadat aṭ-ṭ. proof sheet, galley proof (typ.); اعادة الطبع i‘ādat aṭ-ṭ. reprinting reprint; طبعا ṭab‘an or بالطبع by nature, by natural disposition; naturally! of course! certainly! to be sure! سيئ الطبع sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-disposed, ill-natured, evil by nature; شاذ الطبع (الطباع ) šadd aṭ-ṭ. eccentric, extravagant

طبعة ṭab‘a pl. -āt printing, print; edition, issue, impression

طباع ṭabbā‘ printer

طباعة ṭibā‘a art of printing | آلة الطباعة printing press

طباعي ṭibā‘ī typographic(al)

طبيعة ṭabī‘a pl. طبائع ṭabā’i‘2 nature; natural disposition, constitution; peculiarity, individuality, character; regular, normal manner; physics; natural science | بطبيعة الحال by the very nature of the case, as is (was) only natural, ipso facto, naturally, as a matter of course; عالم الطبيعة physicist; natural scientist; علم الطبيعة ‘ilm aṭ-ṭ. physics; natural science; فلسفة ما وراء (بعد) الطبيعة (falsafatu) metaphysics; فوق الطبيعة supernatural; طبائع الأشياء the nature of things, state of affairs

طبيعي ṭabī‘ī nature’s, of nature, nature- (in compounds), natural; inborn, innate, inherent, native; normal, ordinary, usual, regular; physical; physicist; natural scientist; naturalist | عالم طبيعي physicist; natural scientist; الطبيعيات physics; natural science

مطبع maṭba‘ print shop, printing office, printing house, press

مطبعة maṭba‘a pl. مطابع maṭābi‘2 print shop, printing office, printing house, press | حرية المطابع ḥurrīyat al-m. freedom of the press

مطبعي maṭba‘ī printing, printer’s (in compounds), typographic(al) | خطأ مطبعي (kaṭa’) and غلطة مطبعية (galṭa) typographical error, misprint, erratum

مطبعجي (eg.) majba‘gī printer

مطبعة miṭba‘a pl. مطابع maṭābi‘2 printing machine, printing press

طابع ṭābi‘ printer; -- ṭāba‘ impress, stamp, mark, character; (pl. طوابع ṭawābi‘2) seal, signet; stamp; imprint, print, impress, impression; (postage,

etc.) stamp; tablet, pill | طابع البريد and طابع بريدي postage stamp; طابع تذكاري (tadkārī) commemorative stamp; طابع الأصابع fingerprint; صاحب الطابع keeper of the seal; طبعه بطابعه to place, set, or leave, one’s stamp, mark, or impress on s.o. or s.th., impart one’s own character to s.o. or s.th.

مطبوع maṭbū‘ printed, imprinted; stereotyped; pl. -āt printed material, prints; printed matter | مطبوع بطابعه bearing the stamp, mark or impress of s.o. or s.th., being characterized by; مطبوع على do., being by its very nature ..., having the innate property of...; مطبوع دوري (daurī) a periodical; قانون المطبوعات press law

1 طبق II to cover, cover up (هـ s.th.); to make coincident or congruent, cause to coincide, superpose (بين two figures; geom.); to fold (هـ s.th., also, e.g., the hands); (eg.) to shoe (هـ a hors.); to apply (على هـ s.th. to); to be common, universal, widespread; to spread (also هـ throughout s.th.), pervade (هـ s.th.); pass. ṭubbiga to be applied, apply, be applicable be effective be valid | طبقت شهرته تلآفاق (šuhratuhū) he (it) enjoyed, or achieved, world-wide fame; طبق صيته الخافقين (ṣītuhū, kāfiqain) do., his (its) fame spread throughout the world III to bring to coincidence, make coincident or congruent, cause to coincide (بين -- وبين s.th. with), correlate, compare, contrast (بين -- وبين s.th. with); to adapt, adjust, tally, trim into shape (هـ s.th.); to suit, fit, match (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), go, tally (هـ, ه with), adapt o.s., adjust o.s. (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to correspond (هـ to s.th.), concur, agree, conform, be in keeping (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.), fit (هـ into s.th.) IV to close, shut (هـ s.th., e.g., the eyes, mouth, etc.); to cover, cover up (هـ, على s.th., also هـ with one’s hand على s.th.); to surround, encircle, encompass (على s.o.); to be agreed, agree, come to an agreement (على on, about) | اطبق على يدي (yadī) he pressed my hand V to get or be covered or closed VII = V; to be applicable, apply (على to), fit, suit (على s.o., s.th.), hold good (على for), be true (على of); to be in conformity, be consistent, be compatible, be in keeping, conform, agree (على with), correspond (على to s.th.)

طبق ṭibqa (prep.) according to, corresponding to, in accordance with, in conformity with | طبقا لـ (ṭibqan) do.; صورة طبق الأصل (ṣūra, aṣl) true copy; exact replica

طبق ṭabaq pl. اطباق aṭbāq lid, cover, plate; dish, shallow bowl; (round) tray, salver; ash tray; (pl. اطباق , also طباق ṭibāq) layer, tier; stratum (of the air); pl. طباق (with foll. genit.) superposed masses, layered formations, piles, large quantities of | اطباق طائرة flying saucers

يد طبقة yad ṭabiqa closed hand

طبقة ṭabaqa pl. -āt layer; stratum (of earth, air, society, etc.); floor, story (of a building); class, category; generation | O الطبقة الطخرورية (ṭukrūrīya) stratosphere; الطبقات النجسة (najisa) the impure castes, the pariahs; الطبقة المتوسطة (mutawassiṭa) the middle class(es); حرب الطبقات ḥarb aṭ-ṭ. class struggle; علم طبقات الأرض ‘ilm ṭ. al-arḍ geology; معدود في الطبقات الثالثة regarded as third-rate

طابق ṭābaq, ṭābiq pl. طوابق ṭawābiq2 large bricks; floor, story (of a building) | الطابق الأرضي (arḍī) ground floor

طاباق ṭābāq pl. طوابيق ṭawābīq2 large bricks

طباق ṭibāq (with foll. genit. or suffix) that which is in agreement, in keeping, or in conformity with ..., corresponding, analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with), conformable (to), consistent (with), compatible (with); antithesis, juxtaposition of contrasting ideas (rhet.)

طبيق ṭabīq (with foll. genit. or suffix) sth. in agreement, in keeping, or in conformity with ..., corresponding, analogous (to s.th.), in accordance (with), consistent (with), compatible (with)

تطبيق taṭbīq adaptation, accommodation, adjustment; application

تطبيقي taṭbīqī applied; practical, serving practical ends | علوم تطبيقية applied sciences

مطابقة muṭābaqa agreement, conformity, congruity, correspondence

تطابق taṭābuq congruence (geom.)

مطابق muṭābiq corresponding, congruous, conformable, in agreement or conformity (with) | مطابق للحقيقة true, truthful, veracious, agreeing with the facts, true to nature, lifelike

مطبق muṭbiq entire, complete, utter, absolute, total; -- mutbaq pressed; coated, incrusted (بالذهب with gold); subterranean dungeon, oubliette, underground chamber | الحروف المطبقة (muṭbaqa) (phon.) the sounds ṣ, ḍ, ṭ, ẓ

2 طباق ṭabāq, ṭubāq (eg.) tobacco

طبل ṭabala u (ṭabl) to beat a drum; to drum II = I; to beat the drum (ل for s.o., i.e., to campaign, make propaganda for s.o.)

طبل ṭabl drumming, drumbeat; (pl. طبول ṭubūl, اطبال aṭbāl) drum; bass drum (of the Western orchestra)

طبلة ṭabla drum | طبلة الأذن ṭ. al-udun eardrum, tympanic membrane

طبلة ṭabla pl. -āt, طبل ṭubal (eg.) look, padlock

طبلي ṭablī drum-shaped

طبال ṭabbāl pl. -ūn, drummer

مطبل muṭabbal moist, damp (ground)

2 طبلة ṭabla pl. -āt table

طبلة ṭablīya pl. -āt, طبالي ṭabālī a low, round table; turntable; tray, wooden salver

1 طبن ṭabina a to be bright, intelligent

طبن ṭabin bright, intelligent

2 طابونة ṭābūna (طبونة ṭābūna) pl. -āt a small, jar-shaped oven, sunk in the ground, open on top, used for baking bread; bakery; (pal., eg.) (baker’s) oven

3 طبن ṭabbān pl. -āt (wheel) tire

طبنجة ṭabanja pl. -āt pistol

طابية ṭābiya pl. طواب look up alphabetically

طاجن ṭājin pl. طواجن ṭawājin2 frying pan; (eg.) shallow earthen pot

طحطح ṭaḥṭaḥā to break, shatter, smash (هـ s.th.)

طحل (ṭuḥl) sediment, dregs, less

طحال (ṭiḥāl pl. -āt, طحل ṭuḥul spleen, milt

طحالي ṭiḥālī splenic

طحال ṭuḥal inflammation of the spleen, splenitis

مطحول maṭḥūl having a diseased spleen, splenetic

طحلب ṭuḥlub (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. طحالب ṭaḥālib2 water moss

طحن ṭaḥana a (ṭaḥn) to grind, mill, bray, pulverize (هـ , s.th., esp. grain); to crush, ruin, destroy (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to wear out, wear down (ه s.o.), exact as heavy toll (ه of s.o.; age, yean) VI to quarrel, wrangle, be antagonistic, be in conflict (with one another), to conflict

طحن ṭiḥn flour, meal

طحين ṭaḥīn flour, meal

طحيني ṭaḥīnī mealy, farinaceous

طحينية ṭaḥīnīya (eg.) a sweet made of sesame-seed, meal and sugar

طحينة ṭaḥīna (eg., syr.) a thick sauce made of sesame oil, and served with salads, vegetables, etc.

طحان ṭaḥḥān miller

طاحون ṭāḥūn and طاحونة ṭāhūna pl. طواحن ṭawāḥīn2 mill, grinder | طاحونة الهواء ṭ. al-hawā’ windmill

مطحنة miṭḥana pl. مطاحن maṭāḥin2 mill, grinder

مطحنة maṭḥana pl. مطحنة maṭḥana2 mill; flour mill

طاحن ṭāḥin molar tooth, grinder

طاحنة ṭāḥina pl. طواحن ṭawāḥin2 molar tooth, grinder

O الطبقة الطحرورية aṭ-ṭabaqa aṭ-ṭukrūrīya the stratosphere

طر ṭarra u (ṭarr, طرور ṭurūr) to sharpen, hone, whet (هـ s.th.); to grow; to sprout, come out (mustache, hair)

طرا ṭurran altogether, all without exception, one and all

طرة ṭurra pl. طرر ṭurar forelock; knotted cloth or kerchief

طرار ṭarrār pl. طرارة ṭarrara (magr.) tambourine player; rogue, scoundrel

طرأ ṭara’a a (ṭar’, طروء ṭurū’) to descend, break in, come (على upon), overtake, befall (على s.o.), happen unexpectedly (على to s.o.); to occur (على or ل to s.o., of an idea) | ماذا طرأ عليه what’s got into him all of a sudden? what’s the matter with him all of a sudden? طرأت عليه فكرة (fikratun) an idea occurred to him, he had an idea; لم يطرأ على الحالة تبدل يذكر (tabaddulun yudkaru) (no change worth mentioning came over the situation, i.e.) the situation remained substantially unchanged IV to praiae, laud, extol (ه s.o.)

طريء ṭarī’ fresh, new

طارئ ṭāri’ foreign, extraneous, extrinsic, unusual; accidental, incidental, casual, unforeseen, unexpected, contingent; a new factor or development intervening suddenly, a contingent; unexpected visitor; sudden stirring, sudden impulses (من e.g., of joy)

طارئة ṭāri’a pl. طوارئ ṭawāri’ unforeseen event, unexpected case, a contingent; new factor or development; incident, accident | حالة الطوارئ state of emergency

طرآني ṭur’ānī of unknown origin, wild

طرابلس ṭarābulus2: طرابلس الشام Tripoli (in Lebanon); طرابلس الغرب ṭ. al-garb Tripoli (in Libya)

طرب ṭriba a (ṭarab) to be moved (with joy or grief); to be delighted, be overjoyed, be transported with joy II to delight, fill with delight, enrapture, please, gratify (ه s.o.); to sing, vocalize, chant IV to delight, fill with delight, enrapture, please, gratify (ه s.o.); to make music; to sing, vocalize, chant: to play music (ه for s.o.), sing (ه to s.o.)

طرب ṭarab pl. اطراب aṭrāb joy, pleasure, delight, rapture; amusement, entertainment (with music and the like); music | آلة الطرب musical instrument

طرب ṭarib pl. طراب ṭarib moved (with joy or grief), touched, affected; delighted, enraptured, transported, pleased, charmed

طروب ṭarūb gay, merry, lively

اطرب aṭrab2 more delightful; making better music, being a batter musician; more melodious

اطراب iṭrāb delight, delectation, diversion

مطرب muṭrib delightful, ravishing, charming, amusing, entertaining; melodious; musician; singer, vocalist, chansonnier

مطربة muṭriba singer, songstress, vocalist, chanteuse

طربيزة ṭarābēza (eg.) table

طرابلس look up alphabetically

طربوش ṭarbūš pl. طرابيش ṭarābīš tarboosh, fez

طرابيشي ṭarābīšī tarboooh merchant

مطربش muṭarbaš wearing a tarboosh, tarbooshed

متطربش mitaṭarbiš wearing a tarboosh, tarbooshed; hence, in Eg., a member of the white-collar class, of the educated middle class

طرح ṭaraḥa a (ṭarḥ) to throw, cast, fling, toss (على ب or هـ s.th. onto or upon); to throw, toss, or fling away, throw off, discard, dump (ب or هـ s.th.); to remove, drive away, expel, reject, disown, repudiate (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.): to throw or put (على هـ a garment on or over s.o.); to present, submit (ه على s.th. to s.o.); to teach (ه على a tune to s.o.); to cede, surrender, yield (هـ ل s.th. to s.o.); to miscarry, have a miscarriage; to deduct, subtract, discount (هـ من s.th. from) | طرحه في المناقصة العامة (munāqaṣa, ‘āmma) to invite tenders, or bide, publicly for s.th. (e.g., the government for some project); طرح عليه سؤالا (suālan) to put a question to s.o.; طرح مسألة على بساط البحث (mas’alatan, b. il-baḥt) to broach or raise a question, present a problem for consideration II to cause a miscarriage (ها to a woman); طرح هـ اطراحا (iṭṭirāḥan) to throw s.th. far away, fling s.th. off or away III to exchange (ه هـ with s.o. s.th.) | طارحه الكلام (kalām) to converse with s.o., have a talk with s.o.; طارحه الحديث to chat with s.o., have a conversation with s.o.; طارحه الأسئلة (as’ila) to exchange questions with s.o. V to drop, fall, or tumble to the ground VI to exchange with one another (هـ e.g., thoughts) VII to be flung, be tossed, be thrown, be rejected, be expelled, be disowned, be repudiated; to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s. (e.g., على الأرض on the ground); to be thrown down, be dropped VIII to throw far away, fling off or away (هـ s.th.); to discard, throw away (هـ s.th.)

طرح ṭarḥ expulsion, rejection, repulsion, banishment, repudiation; miscarriage, abortion; subtraction, deduction, discount | طرح البحر ṭ. al-baḥr (eg.) alleviation, alluvial deposits

طرح ṭarḥ miscarried foetus

طرحة ṭarḥa pl. طرح ṭuraḥ veil (sometimes embroidered) worn by Arab women as a headcloth; headcloth, head veil

طريح ṭarīḥ pl. طرحى ṭarḥā thrown down, cast down, dumped; thrown to the ground, felled, prostrate; expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated | طريح الفراش bedridden, confined to bed

طريحة ṭarīḥa assignment, task | شغل بالطريحة (šugl) job work, piecework (eg.)

طراحة ṭarrāḥa pl. طراريح ṭarārīḥ2 mattress; hassock, ottoman

اطروحة uṭrūḥa dissertation, thesis (Syr.)

مطرح maṭraḥ pl. مطارح maṭāriḥ2 place where s.th. is thrown or at which s.th. is discarded, a dump; place, spot, location, locality; seat (in an auditorium)

اطراح iṭrāḥ rejection, repudiation

مطروح maṭrūḥ thrown down, out down, damped, thrown off, discarded; lying on the ground, prostrate; subtrahend (math.) | المطروح منه minuend (math.)

منطرح munṭariḥ thrown down, out down, dumped, thrown off, discarded; expelled, banished, rejected, disowned, repudiated

طرخون ṭarkūn tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus; bot.)

طرد ṭarada u (ṭard) to drive away, chase away, push away, shove away, reject, repel, banish, exile, dismiss, drive out, expel, evict (هـ من, ه s.o., s.th. from); to chase, hunt, hound (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.) | طرده من منصبه (manṣibihī) to relieve s.o. of his office, dismiss s.o. II = I; III to assault, attack (هـ, ه s.o.), launch an attack (هـ, ه on); to stalk (هـ an animal, game); to pursue, follow (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.), run after s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), give chase (هـ, ه to) VIII to drive away as booty (هـ animals); to be consecutive, be continuous, form an uninterrupted sequence, succeed one another continuously; to sow uninterruptedly, carry water perennially (river); to progress or get on at a rapid pace, make good headway (undertaking) X to proceed (in one’s speech), go on to say, continue (هـ s.th., e.g., one’s speech); to change, pass on (in speech) (من – ل from -- to); to digress (in speaking), make an excursus | استطرد من ذلك الى قوله (qaulihī) thereupon he proceeded to speak about ..., then he broached the subject of ..., after that he went on to say that ...

طرد ṭard driving away, chasing away, repulsion, expulsion, eviction, dismissal, banishment, expatriation; pursuit, chase, hunt; swarm (of bees); (pl. طرد ṭurūd) parcel, package | بحث مسألة طردا وعكسا (mas’alata ṭardan wa-‘aksan) to study a problem from all sides, in all its aspects

طرد ṭardī parcel-, package- (in compounds), like a parcel or package

طردة ṭarda (n. vic.) a driving away, chasing away, repulsion, expulsion, eviction, banishment

طريد ṭarīd expelled, evicted, ousted, outcast, outlawed, banished, exiled, expatriate(d); fugitive, fleeing, on the run; expellee; outcast, outlaw; الطريدان aṭ-ṭarīdān night and day

طريدة ṭarīda pl. طرائد ṭarā’id2 game animal, game beast; game

طراد ṭarrād cruiser (warship); (eg.) dike, embankment, dam, levee (esp. of the Nile)

طرادة ṭarrāda cruiser (warship)

طراد ṯirād pursuit, chase

مطارد muṭārada repulsion, expulsion, banishment; pursuit, chase; hunt | طائرة المطاردة fighter plane, pursuit plane, interceptor

اطراد iṭṭirād uninterrupted or regular sequence, continuity

استطراد istiṭrād pl. -āt digression, divagation; excursus

مطارد muṭārid pursuer; hunter | طائرة مطاردة fighter plane, pursuit plane, interceptor

مطرد muṭṭarid incessant, uninterrupted, continuous, continual, unvarying, steady, constant; general | قاعدة مطردة general rule; مطرد النسق m. an-nasaq uniform (adj.); مطرد النغم m. an-nagm monotonous (song)

طرز II to embroider (هـ s.th.); to embellish (هـ a story); to garnish (هـ ب s.th., e.g., a dish with)

طرز ṭarz pl. طروز ṭurūz type, model, make, brand, sort, kind; fashion, style

طرزي ṭarzī fashion- (in compounds)

طراز ṭirāz pl. طرز ṭuruz, اطرزة aṭriza type, model, class, make, brand, sort, kind, variety, species; fashion, style; architectural style; embroidery | من الطراز القديم old-fashioned, outmoded; قديم الطراز do.; مسلح بأقدم الطراز musallaḥ bi-aḥdat ṭ. equipped with the latest arms; من الطراز الأول (awwal) first-class, first-rate

تطريز taṭrīz embroidering, embroidery

طرس ṭirs pl. اطرس aṭrās, طروس ṭurūs sheet (of paper); paper

طرش ṭariša a (ṭaraš) to be or become deaf; -- ṭaraša u to vomit, throw up, disgorge II to deafen (ه s.o.)

طرش ṭarš whitewashing

طرش ṭarš pl. طروش ṭurūš (syr.) hard (of cattle), flock (of sheep)

طرش ṭaraš deafness

طرشة ṭrša deafness

اطرش aṭraiš2, f. طرشاء ṭaršā’2, pl. طرش ṭurš deaf اطرش اسك (ašakk2) stone-deaf

مطرش muṭarriš vomitive; emetic

2 طرشي ṭuršī mixed pickles

طرطر ṭarṭara to brag, boast, swagger, show off

طرطور ṭurṭūr pl. طراطير ṭarāṭīr2 high,

conical cap (of dervisheo, clowns, etc.)

طرطور ṭarṯūr and طراطور ṭarāṭūr (eg., syr.) a sort of mayonnaise (made of ṭaḥīna, parsley, lemon, oil, milk, garlic and nuts)

طرطش ṭarṯaša to splash, bespatter, splatter (ه s.o.); to roughcast (هـ a building, a wall)

طرطوفة ṭarṭūfa end, tip, point; Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; bot.); truffle

طرطير ṭarṭīr tartar, wine stone

طرف ṭarafa, (ṭarf) to blink, twinkle, wink, squint (also بعينيه bi-‘ainaihi); -- ṭarufa u (طرفة ṭarāfa) to be newly acquired, be a recent acquisition IV to feature or tell s.th. new or novel, say s.th. new or original, introduce a novel angle or idea; to present (ه s.o. ب with s.th. new or novel), give (ه to s.o. ب s.th. new or novel) V to be on the extreme side, hold an extreme viewpoint or position, go to extremes, be radical, have radical views

طرف ṭarf eye; glance, look | ما اشار بطرف (ašāra) he didn’t bat an eye; من طرف خفي (kafīy) secretly, furtively, discreetly; كارتداد الطرف ka-rtidādi ṭ-ṭ. in the twinkling of an eye, instantly

طرف ṭaraf pl. اطراف aṭrāf utmost part, outermost point, extremity, end, tip, point, edge, fringe, limit, border; side; region, area, section; طرف من part of, a bit of, some; party (as, to a dispute, of a contract, etc.); ṭarafa (prep.) with, at, on the part or side of; pl. اطراف limbs, extremities; (with foll. genit.) sections of, parts of | طرفي النهار tarafayi n-nahār in the morning and in the evening, mornings and evenings; كانوا على طرفي النقيض (ṭarafai naqīḍ) they were at variance, they carried on a feud; كان واياه على طرفي نقيض (wa-iyyāhu) they held diametrically opposed views or positions; اطراف البدن a. al-badan the extremities of the bod, the limbs; اطراف الأصابع fingertips; على اطراف قدميه (a. qadamaihi) on tiptoe; اطراف المدينة a. al-madīna the outskirts of the city; الأطراف المتعاقدة (muta‘āqida) the contracting parties; بطرف with, at, on the part or side of; من طرف on the part of; من طرف الى طرف from one end to the other; احزاب طرف اليمين the right-wing parties; جاذي اطراف الحديث jādaba aṭrāfa l-ḥ. to talk, converse, have a conversation; جمع البراعة من اطرافها (barā‘ata) to be a highly efficient man, be highly qualified; جمع اطراف الشيء to give a survey or outline of s.th., summarize, sum up s.th.; قص عليه طرفا (اطرافا) من حياته to tell s.o. an episode (episodes) of one’s life

طرفة ṭarfa: بطرفة عين bi-ṭ. ‘ainin and في طرفة عين in the twinkling of an eye, instantly; ما -- طرفة عين (ṭarfata) not one moment

طرفة ṭurfa pl. طرف ṭuraf novelty, rarity, curiosity, curio, rare object, choice item; exquisite present; masterpiece, chef-d’oeuvre; hit, high light, pièce de résistance

طرفاء ṭarfā’2 (coll.; n. un. ة ) tamarisk (bot.)

طريف ṭarīf curious, strange, odd; novel, exquisite, singular, rare, uncommon

طريفة ṭarīfa pl. طريفة tarīfa rare, exquisite thing; uncommon object or piece (e.g., of art); pl. طرائف curiosities, oddities, uncommon qualities

طرافة ṭarāfa novelty, uncommonness, peculiarity, oddness, strangeness, curiosity, originality

مطرف miṭraf, muṭraf shawl

تطرف taṭarruf excess, excessiveness, immoderation, extravagance, extremism, extreme standpoint or position, radical attitude, radicalism

طارف ṭārif newly acquired

متطرف mutaṭarrif utmost, outmost, farthest outward, located at the outermost point; extreme, extremistic; radical; an extremist, a radical | جهة متطرفة (jiha) outlying district, outskirt(s)

طرق taraqa u (ṭarq) to knock, rap, bang (هـ at, on, esp. at a door); to hammer, strike with a hammer, forge (هـ s.th. esp. metal); to come over s.o. (هـ ), befall (ب s.o.; of a feeling); to come (ه, هـ to, upon; also of events); to reach (هـ s.th.), get to s.th. (هـ ), get as far as s.th. (هـ ); to come by night | طرق اذنه (udunahū) to strike s.o.’s ear, reach s.o.’s ear; طرق بباله (bi-bālihī) to occur to s.o., come to s.o.’s mind; طرق في ذهنه (dihnihī) do.; طرق سمعه (sam‘ahū) and طرق مسامعه to reach s.o.’s ear, come to s.o.’s knowledge or attention; طرق طريقا to tread, travel, follow, take, or use a road; طرق موضوعا to treat of a subject, discuss a topic; to broach a subject, touch on a theme II to hammer, strike with a hammer, forge, extend (هـ s.th., esp. metal) IV to bow one's head in silence | اطرق رأسه (ra’sahū) or برأسه to bow one’s head V to seek to gain access (الى to); to penetrate (الى s.th. or into s.th.) to get (الى to), reach (الى s.th.), arrive (الى at); (in a speech, and the like) to touch (الى on a subject), go into s.th. (الى ), treat of s.th. (الى) | لا يتطرق اليه شك (šakkun) not open to doubt, admitting no doubt

طرقة ṭarqa (n. vic.) pl. ṭaraqāt knock, rap(ping), bang(ing) (e.g., at a door); blow; one time (= مرة), طرقتين , ṭarqatain twice

طرقة ṭurqa way, road; passage, passageway, alleyway, corridor

طريق ṭarīq m. and f., pl. طرق ṭuruq, طرقات ṭuruqāt way; road, highway; trail, track, path; method | طريق الجو ṭ. al-jaww air route; طريق البحر ṭ. al-baḥr sea route; طريق رئيسي (ra’īsī) main road; طريق عام (‘āmm) public road, highway, thoroughfare; طريق عمومية (‘umūmīya) do.; عن طريق by way of, via; by means of, through; عن طريق الجو (ṭ. il-jaww) by air; من طريق by means of, through; عابر الطريق wanderer, wayfarer; قاطع الطريق pl. قطاع الطريق quṭṭā‘ aṭ-ṭ. highwayman, wayfarer, brigand; قاطع الطريق to commit highway robbery; كان في طريقه to have sense, be sensible or normal

طريقة ṭarīqa pl. طرائق ṭarā’iq2, طرق ṭuruq manner, mode, means; way, method, procedure; system; creed, faith, religion; (pl. -āt, طرق ṭuruq) religious brotherhood, dervish order | طريقة الاستعمال directions for use

طرقي ṭuruqī pl. -ūn adherent of a religious brotherhood

مطرق miṭraq and مطرقة miṭraqa pl. مطارق maṭāriq2 hammer

مطراق miṭrāq versatile, many-sided, of varied skills or talents

اطراقة iṭrāqa (n. vic.) a bowing of the head

استطراق istiṭrāq transit permission, free passage or entry

طارق ṭāriq pl. طراق ṭurrāq knocking, rapping, banging, striking, beating; nocturnal visitor

طارقة ṭāriqa pl. طوارق ṭawāriq2 misfortune, disaster, calamity

مطروق maṭrūq much-frequented, muchtraveled, well-trodden (road, trail, path) | موضوع مطروق a much-discussed, frequently treated subject

مطرق muṭriq and مطرق الرأس with bowed head

طرقع ṭarqa‘a (eg.) to crack (intr., also trans.: ب or هـ s.th., e.g., a whip); to crack, crunch (هـ s.th.)

طارمة ṭārima pl. -āt kiosk, booth, cabin, stall

طرمبة ṭurumba pl. -āt pump

طرو ) and طرو (طرى ṭaruwa u, طري ṭariya a (طراوة ṭarāwa) to be or become fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild II to make fresh, succulent, moist, tender, soft, mild (هـ s.th.); to moisten, wet (هـ s.th.); to perfume, scent (هـ s.th.) IV to praise (highly), extol, laud (ه s.o.), lavish praise (ه on s.o.)

طري ṭarīy fresh, succulent, new; moist; tender, soft, mild

طراوة ṭarāwa freshness, succulence, moistness; tenderness, softness, mildness | طراوة الخلق ṭ. al-kulq gentleness; softness of character

اطرية iṭriya vermicelli

اطراء iṭrā’ (high) commendation, praise, laudation, extolment

طروادة ṭirwāda2 (from Fr. Troade) Troy

طازج ṭāzaj look up alphabetically

طزلق (Turk. tozluk) ṭuzluq pl. طزالق ṭazāliq2 gaiter(s), legging(s)

طازة ṭāza look up alphabetically

طزينة (It. dozzina) pl. طزازن ṭazāzin2 dozen

طست ṭast, ṭist pl. طسوت ṭusūt basin; washbasin, washbowl

طشت ṭašt, ṭišt pl. طشوت ṭušūt basin; washbasin, washbowl

طشقند ṭašqand Tashkent (capital of Uzbek S.S.R.)

طصلق ṭaṣlaqa (eg.) to do inaccurately, perform sloppily, bungle, botch, scamp (هـ a job, work)

طصلقة ṭaṣlaqa inaccurate, sloppy, or slipsbod work

طعم ṭa‘ima a (ṭa‘m) to eat (هـ s.th.); to taste (هـ s.th.); to relish, enjoy, savor (A s.th.) II to graft, engraft (هـ s.th.); to inoculate, vaccinate (ب ه s.o. with); to inlay (ب هـ s.th. with, e.g., wood with ivory) IV to feed, give to eat (هـ ه s.o. s.th.), nourish (هـ ه s.o. with), serve food or drink (هـ ) to s.o. (ه) | اطعمه من جوع (jū‘) to appease s.o.’s hunger V to taste (هـ s.th.) X = V; to ask for food

طعم ṭa‘m pl. طعوم ṭu‘ūm taste, flavor, savor; pleasing flavor, relish

طعمية ṭa‘mīya (eg.) patty made of beans, and seasoned with onion, garlic and parsley

طعم ṭu‘m graft, cion; bait, lure, decoy; (pl. طعوم ṭu‘ūm) vaccine

طعم ṭa‘im tasty, savory, delicious

طعمة ṭu‘ma pl. طعم ṭu‘am food; bait; quarry, catch, bag | اصبح طعمة النيران aṣbaḥa ṭu‘mata n-nīrān to be destroyed by fire; طعمة لمدافع الحرب (li-madāfi‘i l-ḥarb) cannon fodder

طعام ṭa‘ām pl. اطعمة aṭ‘ima, food, nourishment, nutriment, fare, diet; meal, repast | اضرب عن الطعام (aḍraba) to go on a hunger strike

مطعم maṭ‘am pl. مطاعم maṭā‘im2 eating house, restaurant; dining room; mess, messhall (on a ship); food | مطعم الشعب m. aš-ša‘b and مطعم شعبي soup kitchen

تطعيم taṭ‘īm inoculation, vaccination; inlay work | تطعيم القرنية t. al-qarnīya transplantation of the cornea (med.)

اطعام iṭ‘ām feeding

مطعوم maṭ‘ūm tasted; already known

طعن ṭa‘ana u a (ṭa‘n) to thrust, pierce, transfix (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with); to stab (ه s.o.); to defame, discredit, hurt (with words; على or في s.o., s.th.), speak evil (على or في of); to contest, challenge, impeach (في حكم a judgment), appeal (في حكم against a judgment); to refute. disprove (في s.th.); to penetrate, enter (في s.th. or into s.th.) | طعن في السن (sinn) to be advanced in years, be old; طعن في القول (qaul) to refute a (theological) doctrine VI to thrust each other; to attack each other, battle one another

طعن ṭa‘n piercing, transfixion; slandering, calumniation, defamation; appeal (في against; jur.), challenge, contestation, impeachment (في of; jur.); pl. طعون ṭu‘ūn calumnies, defamations; attacks

طعنة ṭa‘na (n. vic.) pl. ṭa‘anāt stab, thrust; attack; calumny, defamation, vilification

طاعون ṭā‘ūn pl. طواعين ṭawā‘īn2 plague, pestilence | الطاعون الدملي (dummalī) bubonic plague; الطاعون البقري (baqarī) and طاعون الماشية ṭ. al-māšiya rinderpest, cattle plague, steppe murrain

مطاعن maṭā‘in2 (pl.) invectives, abuses (في against s.o.)

طاعن ṭā‘in and طاعن في السن (sinn) aged, old, advanced in years | رسالة طاعنة lampoon

مطعون maṭ‘ūn plague-infected, plague-stricken

1 طغار an Iraqi weight equaling 2000 kg, in Basra 1537 kg

2 طغراء ṭugrā’ pl. -āt tughra, calligraphically intricate signature of the Ottoman Sultan, interwoven with his father’s name and his own honorific, customarily used on written decrees, state documents and coins

طغرى ṭugrā = طغراء ṭugrā’2

طغام ṭagām common people, populace; lowly, insignificant

طغمة ṭugma, ṭagma pl. -āt band, troop, group

(طغو and طغي) طغا ṭagā u and طغى ṭagā a (ṭagy) and ṭagiya a (طغى ṭagan, طغيان ṭugyān) to exceed proper bounds, overstep the bounds, be excessive; to be rough, tumultuous, rage (sea); to overflow, leave its banks (river); to flood, overflow, inundate, deluge (على s.th.); to overcome, seize, grip, befall (على s.o.); to be tyrannical or cruel (على against s.o.), tyrannize, oppress, terrorize (على s.o.), ride roughshod (على over s.o.); -- طغى ṭagā a to predominate, prevail, preponderate (على in, at), dominate, outweigh, outbalance (على s.th.), be preponderant (على over, in comparison with s.th.)

طغوان ṭugwān flood, inundation, deluge

طغيان ṭugyān flood, inundation, deluge; tyranny, oppression, suppression, repression, terrorization

طاغ ṭāgin pl. طغاة ṭugāh tyrant, oppressor, despot

طاغ ṭāgiya tyrant, oppressor, despot; bully, brute, gorilla

طاغوت ṭāgūt an idol, a false god; seducer, tempter (to error)

طف II to make deficient or scanty (هـ s.th.); to be niggardly, stingy (على toward s.o.), stint (على s.o.)

طفيف ṭafīf deficient; small, little, slight, trivial, trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable

تطفيف taṭfīf stinting, scrimping, niggardliness, stinginess, parsimony

طفئ ṭafi’a a (طفوء ṭufū’) to go out, die down, be extinguished (fire, light); to be out, have gone out (fire, lamp) IV to put out, extinguish, smother, stifle (هـ a fire), turn off, switch off (هـ light); to quench (هـ fire, thirst), slake (هـ thirst, also lime) | اطفأ جذوة يومه واحرق فحمة ليله في العمل (jadwata yaumihi wa-aḥraqa faḥmata lailihi fī l-‘amal) to work day and night VII = طفئ ṭafi’a

طفاية ṭaffāya fire-extinguishing device

مطفأة miṭfa’a pl. مطافئ maṭāfi’ firefighting equipment, fire extinguisher, fire engine | رجال المطافئ the fire department, the firemen

اطفاء iṭfā’ putting out, quenching, extinguishing, extinction, fire fighting | جهاز اطفاء الحريق jahāz i. al-ḥarīq firefighting equipment رجال الإطفاء the fire department, the firemen; عمليات الإطفاء ‘amalīyāt al-i. fire-fighting operations

اطفائي iṭfā’ī fireman

اطفائية iṭfā’īya fire department

مطفأ muṭfa’ extinguished, gone out, out; mat, dull, flat, lusterless

طفح ṭafaḥa a (ṭafḥ, طفوح ṭufūḥ) to flow over, run over, overflow (ب with, also, e.g., the heart with generosity, etc.); to cause to overflow (ب e.g., the milk) II to fill to overflowing, fill to the brim (هـ a vessel); to overfill (هـ s.th.) IV = II

طفح ṭafḥ superabundance, repletion; skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.)

طفحة ṭafḥa skin eruption, rash, exanthema (med.)

طفحي ṭafḥī eruptive, exanthematic (med.)

طفوح ṭufūḥ superabundance, repletion

طفاحة ṭufāḥa skimmings, foam, froth

طفحان ṭafḥān2, f. طفحى ṭafḥā flowing over, running over, brimful, replete, overfull, filled to overflowing

مطفحة miṭfaḥa skimmer, skimming ladle

طفح ṭāfiḥ flowing over, running over, brimful, replete, overfull, filled to overflowing

طفر ṭafara i (ṭafr) to jump, leap, bounce | طفرت جوانحها approx.: her bosom heaved violently (with joyous agitation)

طفرة ṭafra jump, leap, bounce, bound; impulsive motion, impetuosity; upswing, rise, upturn, successful step; ṭafratan in one leap

طفران ṭafrān pauper, have-not

2 طفر ṭafar (=ثفر ) crupper (of the saddle)

طفش ṭafaša i (ṭafš) to run away, flee, escape (eg.)

طفق ṭafiqa a (ṭafaq) with foll. imperf.: to begin, set out to do s.th.; to do s.th. suddenly

على II to intrude, obtrude, impose o.s. (على upon); to sponge (على on s.o., على مائدته at s.o.’s table), live at other people’s expense V = II; to arrive uninvited or at an inconvenient time, disturb, intrude; to be obtrusive

طفل ṭafl tender, soft; potter’s clay, argil

طفل ṭifl pl. اطفال aṭfāl infant, baby, child

طفلة ṭifla little girl

طفلي ṭiflī child (adj.), baby (adj.), children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish | الطب الطفلي (ṭibb) pediatrics

طفل ṭafal infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood stage

طفل ṭafla potter’s clay, argil

طفال ṭufāl potter’s clay; argil; clay, loam

طفالة ṭafāla infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood stage; initial stage, beginnings, dawn, early period

طفولة tufūla infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood stage; children

طفولية ṭufūlīya infancy, babyhood, early childhood; childhood, childhood stage

طفولي ṭufūlī child (adj.), baby (adj.), children’s, of or pertaining to childhood or infancy; infantile, childlike, childish

طفيلي ṭufailī uninvited guest, intruder, obtruder, sponger, hanger-on, parasite, sycophant; pl. طفيليات parasites (med., biol.) | علم الطفيليات ‘ilm aṭ. parasitology

متطفل mutaṭaffil parasitic(al); parasite, sponger, uninvited guest

طفا (طفو ) ṭafā u (طفو ṭafw, ṭufūw) to float, drift; to emerge, rise to the surface | طفا به الى السطح (saṭḥ) to bring s.th. to the surface

طفاءة ṭufā’a anything drifting or floating, driftage, floatage, flotsam; halo (around the sun or moon)

طاف ṭāfin superficial

طافية ṭāfiya floating iceberg

طفاية ṭaffāya see طفئ

طق ṭaqqa u (ṭaqq) to crack, pop; to clack, smack, flap; to burst, explode

طقس II to introduce into one of the orders of the ministry (Chr.) V to perform a rite, follow a ritual

طقس ṭaqs weather; climate; -- (pl. طقوس ṭuqūs) rite, ritual; religious custom; order of the ministry, clerical rank (Chr.)

طقسي ṭaqsī liturgical; liturgist (Chr.); الطقسيات aṭ-ṭaqsīyāt the liturgical books (Chr.)

طقطق ṭaqṭaqa to crack, snap, rattle, clatter, chug, pop, crash; to crackle, (de)crepitate, rustle

طقطوقة ṭaqṭūqa crash, bang; clap, thud, crack, pop; (pl. طقاطيق ṭaqāṭīq) ditty, gay, popular song

طقم II to harness, bridle (هـ a horse)

طقم ṭaqm pl. طقوم ṭuqūm, طقومة ṭuqūma, اطقم aṭqum a number of complementary objects or things; series; suit (of clothes); set (of tools, and the like); harness (of a horse); service (e.g., of china, etc.) | طقم الأسنان denture, set of teeth

طاقم tāqim = ṭaqm; crew (of a ship) | طاقم الأسنان denture, set of teeth

طل ṭalla u (ṭall) to bespray, besprinkle, bedrizzle, bedew (هـ s.th., esp. the sky -- the earth); -- ṭalla u to emerge, rise, loom up, come into view, appear, show IV to look down (على upon), tower (على above), command a view of s.th. (على ), overlook, survey (على s.th.); to command, dominate, overtop (على s.th., e.g., the surrounding area); (of a room, window, etc.) to open (على upon, to, toward), give (على on), face (على toward); to look out, peek out, peep out (من of s.th.); to appear, show

طل ṭall pl. اطلال ṭilāl dew; fine rain, drizzle

طلل ṭalal pl. اطلال aṭlāl, طلول ṭulūl, used chiefly in the pl.: remains, ruins (of houses); remains, or traces, of an abandoned encampment

مطلول maṭlūl: دم مطلول (dam) unavenged blood

طلب ṭalaba u (ṭalab, مطلب maṭlab) to look, search (هـ, ه for s.o., for s.th.); to set out (هـ for a place). get on one’s way (هـ to), go to see (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to request (هـ s.th.), apply (هـ for); to seek, try to obtain, claim (من هـ s.th. from), ask, beg (هـ من s.o. for); to demand, exact, require (هـ الى of s.o. s.th.); to want, wish (من هـ s.th. from; الى s.o. ان to do s.th.); to call (الى upon s.o.), appeal (الى to s.o.), invite, request, entreat, beseech (الى s.o.); to order, demand (هـ من s.th. from), call (هـ for s.th., من from), call in (هـ s.th., من from); to be after s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to study III to demand back, reclaim (ب or هـ ه from s.o. s.th.), call for the return or restitution of s.th. (ب or هـ ), demand, claim (ب or هـ ه from s.o. s.th.); to demand, claim (ب s.th.) V to require, necessitate, make necessary or requisite (هـ s.th.) VII pass. of I

طلب ṭalab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl. -āt) demand, claim, call (for), invitation (to), solicitation, wish, desire, request, entreaty j application, petition; order, commission; demand (com.); study | تحت طلبه at s.o.’s disposal; عند الطلب and لدى الطلب on demand, by request, if desired, on application; O لحين الطلب li-ḥīn ṭ-ṭalab at sight (com.); العرض والطلب (‘arḍ) supply and demand; طلب العلم ṭ. al-‘ilm quest of knowledge, craving for knowledge, studiousness; طلب عدم الثقة ṭ. ‘adam at-tiqa motion of “no confidence” (parl.)

طلبة ṭalba litany, prayer (Chr.)

طلبة ṭaliba, ṭilba desire, wish, request, demand; application

طلبية ṭalabīya pl. -āt order, commission (com.)

طلاب ṭallāb exacting, persistently claiming or demanding

مطلب maṭlab search, quest, pursuit; -- (pl. .,.Jll.. m<الى dlib') demand, oall (for); request, wish; claim; problem, issue; pl. مطالب (claims of the government =) taxes

مطالبة muṭālaba demand; cell, appeal (with genit. or ب for); claim (with genit. or ب to)

طالب ṭālib pl. طلاب ṭullāb, طلبة ṭalaba seeker, pursuer; claimer, claimant; applicant, petitioner; candidate; student, scholar, also طالب العلم ṭ. al-‘ilm; pupil; a naval rank, approx.: midshipman (Eg. 1939) | طالب ممتاز (mumtāz) a naval rank, approx.: ensign (Eg. 1939); طلاب الحاجات petitioners; طالب الزواج ṭ. az-zawāj suitor

طالبي ṭālibī student’s, student- (in compounds), of or pertaining to studies or students

مطلوب maṭlūb wanted (in classified ads); due, owed (money); unknown (of a quantity; math.); (pl. مطالب maṭālib2) wish, desire; pl. طلب liabilities, debts; pl. مطاليب claims

مطالب muṭālib claimer, claimant; -- muṭālab one of whom s.th. or s.o. (ب ) is demanded, one accountable (ب for), held answerable (ب for)

متطلبات mutaṭallabāt requirements

طلح ṭalaḥa u (طلاح ṭalāḥ) to be or become bad, evil, wioked, vicioUi. depraved

طلح ṭalḥ (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. طلوح ṭulūḥ a variety of accacia (Acacia gummifera); banana tree; banana

طلحية ṭalḥīya pl. طلاحى ṭalāḥīy sheet of paper

طليحة ṭalīḥa (syr.) ream of paper

طالح ṭāliḥ bed, evil, wicked, vicious, depraved, villainous

1 طلس ṭalasa i (ṭals) to efface, obliterate, blot out (هـ s.th., esp. writing)

طلس ṭals effacement, obliteration

طلس ṭils effaced, obliterated, blotted out (inscription); illegible

2 اطلس aṭlas2 satin; (pl. اطالس aṭālis 2) atlas, volume of geographical maps

1 طلسانة ṭalasāna (eg.) coping (arch.)

2 طيلسان ṭailasān pl. طيالسة ṭayālisa look up alphabetically

طلسم ṭilasm, ṭilasm pl. -āt, طلاسم ṭalāsim2 talisman, a seal, or the like, inscribed with mysterious words or characters; charm, magical combination of words; pl. طلاسم cryptic characters

طلع ṭala‘a u (طلوع ṭulū‘, مطلع maṭla‘) to rise, ascend, come up (esp. of celestial bodies); to come into view, appear, show, become visible; to erupt (tooth), come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to go out, get out, come out, emerge (من from); to come suddenly (على upon s.o. or s.th.), overtake (على s.o., s.th.); طلع عليه ب to take or bring to s.o. s.th.; -- ṭala‘a a u (طلوع ṭulū‘) and ṭali‘a a to mount, ascend, climb, scale (هـ s.th.); to get (هـ on top of s.th., aboard s.th., into an automobile, on a train, etc.), board (هـ a train, etc.) III to read, peruse (هـ s.th.); to study (هـ s.th.); to look (هـ at s.th.), inspect, view (هـ s.th.); to acquaint (هـ s.o. ب with), make clear, elucidate, explain, expound, disclose (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), give an insight (ب ه to s.o. into), let s.o. (ه ) in on s.th. (ب ); to shine (هـ on s.th.; of the sun) IV to erupt (tooth), come up, sprout, break forth (plant); to acquaint (على ه s.o. with); to inform (ه s.o. من or على of or about), apprise, notify (عن or على ه s.o. of), let s.o. (ه ) know (على s.th. or about s.th.), tell (على ه s.o. about); to demonstrate, point out, disclose, reveal, show (على ه to s.o. s.th.); to give an insight (على ه to s.o. into), let s.o. (ه ) in on s.th. (على ) V to have an eye on s.th. (الى ), wait, look out (الى for); to watch (الى for); to strive, be out (الى for), be bent (الى on); to look (الى at s.o.), regard (الى s.o.); to look attentively or closely, gaze, stare (ب or في at) VIII to look; to see, behold, view (على s.th.); to study, come to know (على s.th.), become acquainted (على with), become aware or cognizant (على of), obtain information (على about), be informed (على of); to inspect, examine (على s.th.), look into s.th. (على ); to know (على s.th. or of s.th.), be aware, be cognizant (على of); to be (well) informed (على about), have (inside) information (على of), be (thoroughly) acquainted (على with), be privy (على to), be in on s.th. (على ); to find out, discover, detect (على s.th.) X to seek to discover, explore, scout, reconnoiter (هـ s.th.); to inquire (هـ about s.th.); to arouse curiosity (ه in s.o.) | استطلعه رأيه (ra’yahū) to consult s.o.) ask s.o.’s advice or opinion; استطلع خبره (kabarahū) to seek information about s.o. or s.th.

طلع ṭal‘ (also coll.) spadix or inflorescence of the palm tree; pollen

طلعة ṭal‘a look(s), appearance, aspect, outward appearance, guise

طلعة ṭula‘a inquisitive, nosy, curious

طلاع ṭallā‘ striving, aspiring | طلاع الثنايا والأنجد (tanāyā, anjud) efficient, energetic, vigorous; طلاع الى التعرف (ta‘arruf) curious, eager for news

طلوع ṭulū‘ rising, going up, ascending, ascension; rise (esp. of celestial bodies); appearance; climbing, ascent (of a mountain)

طليعة ṭalī‘a pl. مطالع maṭāli‘ front row, foremost rank, vanguard, avant-garde; pl. harbingers, precursors, presages, portents, first indications, symptoms; beginnings | في الطليعة in front, at the head, in the lead

مطلع maṭla‘ pl. مطالع maṭāli‘ rise, time of rising (of celestial bodies); point of ascent; starting point, point, of departure; break (e.g., of day), dawn (e.g., of an era); onset, outset, start, beginning; introduction, preface, proem; opening verses (of a poem); prelude; lookout; ladder, steps, stairs

مطالعة muṭāla‘a reading, perusal, study; (pl. -āt) (official) announcement | قاعة المطالعة reading room, study hall

تطلع taṭallu‘ striving, aspiration, endeavor, aim; inquisitiveness, curiosity

اطلاع iṭṭilā‘ pl. -āt study, examination, inspection; perusal; information, intelligence, knowledge; notice, cognizance; acquaintance, conversance, familiarity

استطلاع istiṭlā‘ study, research, investigation, probing; scouting, reconnoitering, reconnaissance; exploration; suspense (in anticipation of s.th.) | حب الاستطلاع ḥubb al-ist. inquisitiveness, curiosity;

حبا في الاستطلاع (ḥubban) out of curiosity; طائرة الاستطلاع reconnaissance plane

استطلاعي istiṭlā‘ī research-, study- (in compounds), explorational, exploratory, fact-finding; scout-, reconnaissance- (in compounds)

طالع ṭāli‘ pl. طوالع ṭawāli‘2 rising, ascending (esp. a celestial body); star of destiny; ascendant, nativity | حسن الطالع ḥusn aṭ-ṭ. good fortune, lucky star, good luck; لحسن طالعي luckily for me, fortunately; سيء الطالع sayyi’ aṭ-ṭ. ill-starred, ill-fated, unfortunate, unlucky; hapless person; ساء طالعه (ṭāli‘uhū) he fell on evil days, he met with ill fortune

طالعة ṭāli‘a out-set, beginning, start

مطالع muṭāli‘ reader

متطلع mutaṭalli‘ curious, eager, waiting (الى for)

مطلع muṭṭali‘ viewer, observer; informed (على about, of), acquainted, familiar (على with), cognizant (على of), privy (على to)

طلق țaluqa u (طلاقة ṭalāqa) to he cheerful, jovial, happy (face, countenance); -- ṭalaqāt u, ṭaluqat u (طلاق ṭalāq) to be divorced, get a. divorce (said of a woman); -- pass ṭuliqat (طلق ṭalq) to be in labor II to set loose, release, set free, let go (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to leave, forsake (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to repudiate, divorce (زوجته zaujatahū one’s wife); to grant a divorce decree (على against a woman; said of the judge) | طلقت نفسها (nafsahā) she dissolved her marriage, got a divorce; طلقت عليه (ṭulliqat) she was granted a divorce from him (by judicial decree) IV to undo, loose, disengage (هـ s.th.); to free, set free (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., also chem.), release, set at liberty, let go, let off, set loose (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to send out, dispatch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to discharge (هـ a firearm), fire (هـ s.th., على at), shoot (على at); to utter, emit (هـ a sound); to let burst forth (هـ laughter); to repudiate, divorce (زوجته zaujatahu one’s wife); to generalize (هـ s.th.); to apply (هـ s.th., e.g., an expression, a designation, على to) | اطلق عليه اسم (isma) to name or call s.th. ..., designate s.th. as ...; يطلق على (yuṭlaqu) it has (absolute) validity for ..., it applies to ...; اطلق الحبل على الغارب (ḥabla) to give free rein, impose no restraints, let things take their course; اطلق حربا من عقالها (ḥarban) to unleash a war; اطلق الدواء بطنه (dawā’u baṭnahū) the medicine loosened his bowels; اطلق الرصاص على (raṣāṣa) to fire, shoot at; اطلق رجليه الى الريح (rijlaihi, rīḥ) to run away head over heels, to beat it; اطلق ساقيه للريح (sāqaihī) to run away head over heels, dash off like the wind, to bolt; اطلق الارادة to give a free hand (ل to s.o. في in s.th. or to do s.th.); اطلق سبيله to release s.o., set s.o. free, let s.o. go; اطلق السبيل لعبرته (li-‘abratihī) to let one’s tears flow freely; اطلق سراحه (sarāḥahū) to set s.o. at liberty, free s.o., release s.o. (from jail or custody); اطلق العنان له to give free rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; اطلق لحيته (liḥyatahū) to let one’s beard grow; اطلق لسانه فيه اطلاقا شنيعا to indulge in defamatory remarks about s.o., backbite s.o.; اطلق السنتهم بـ (alsinatahum) to incite s.o., e.g., a crowd, the mob (to boisterous demonstrations, emotional outbursts, and the like); اطلق النفس على سجيتها (nafsa, sajīyatihā) he gave free rein to his instincts; اطلق النار على to open fire on, fire or shoot at; اطلق النار فى to set fire to, set s.th. on fire; اطلق يده ب (yadahū) to be openhanded with, bestow s.th. lavishly; اطلق يده في (ل ) to give s.o. a free hand (in, to do s.th.), give s.o. unlimited authority for; اطلقوا ايديهم في البلاد (aidiyahum) they did as they pleased

with the country, they dealt high, handedly with the country V to brighten-beam, be radiant (with joy) | تطلق وجهها بابتسامة (wajhuhū bi-btisāma) her face broke into a radiant smile VII to be free, be loose, be set free (also chem.); to be emitted, emanate; to race along, sweep along, dash along; to hurry, rush (الى to); to be hurled off, be flung away; to be discharged, be fired (firearm); to explode, go off; to burst forth, burst out, ring out (shouts, voices); to take off, start off, decamp, depart (من from); to start rolling, move off, pull out (train, vehicle); to go on, proceed on one’s way, to go away, leave; to go by, pass, elapse, (hours, years); to brighten, beam (face); with ب : to utter s.th. (tongue); with foll. imperf.: to set out to do s.th., begin or start with s.th. | انطلق يجري (yajrī) he set out in a hurry; انطلق مسرعا (musri‘an) he went away quickly, rushed away, dashed off; انطلق لسانه (lisānuhū) to utter words against; انطلق وجهه (wajhuhū) his face brightened, became cheerful X استطلق بطنه (baṭnuhu) he had a bowel movement

طلق ṭalq talc (min.); labor pains, travail; free, open, unconfined, unrestrained, unimpeded, uninhibited; free (من from), rid (من of) | طلق المحيا ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-muḥayyā with a happy, cheerful face, bright-faced; طلق الوجه ṭalq (ṭilq, ṭulq) al-wajh do.; طلق اللسان eloquent; في الهواء الطلق (hawā’) outdoors, in the open, under the open sky; طلق اليدين ṭ. al-yadain openhanded, liberal, generous

طلق ṭilq permissible, admissible

طلق ṭalaq pl. اطلاق aṭlāq run, race, foot race; (pl. -āt, اطلاق aṭlāq) shot (with a firearm) | سريع الطلق rapid-fire (rifle, gun)

لسان طلق lisān ṭaliq a facile, fluent tongue

طلقة ṭalqa pl. ṭalaqāt divorce | طلقة بالثلاثة (talāta) definite divorce

طلقة ṭalaqa pl. -āt shot | طلقة نارية do

طلاق ṭalāq divorce, talak | طلاق بالثلاثة (talāta) definite divorce; طلاق رجعي (raj‘ī) revocable (not definite) divorce; كتاب الطلاق bill of divorce; حلف بالطلاق to swear by all that’s holy

طليق ṭalīq pl. طلقاء ṭulaqā’2 freed, released, set free, free; freedman; الطلقاء name of those Meccans who remained heathen until the surrender of Mecca

طلاقة ṭalāqa ease, relaxedness; unrestraint; cheerfulness | طلاقة اللسان fluency, eloquence; طلاقة الوجه ṭ. al-wajh cheerfulness of the face, gaiety

طليقة ṭalīqa repudiated or divorced woman, divorcee

طلوقة ṭalūqa pl. طلائق ṭalā’iq2 stallion

اطلاق iṭlāq freeing, liberation; setting loose, releasing, release; dispatch(ing); application (على to); generalization; اطلاقا iṭlāqan absolutely | على الإطلاق absolutely, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any respect, under any circumstances; اطلاق الرصاص على (i. ar-raṣāṣ) the firing at s.th., the shooting of s.o.; اطلاق السراح i. as-sarāḥ release (of s.o.); اطلاق النار (النيران ) opening of fire, shelling, gunning, cannonade

انطلاق intilāq outburst, outbreak, eruption, explosion, release (e.g., of forces, of energies); unrestraint, liberty | نقطة الانطلاق nuqṭat al-inṭ. starting point, point of departure

طالق tāliq (of a woman) repudiated, divorced | هي طالق ثلاثا (talātan) she is irrevocably divorced

مطلق muṭlaq free; unlimited, unrestricted, absolute; general; مطلقا muṭlaqan absolutely, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any respect, under any circumstances | الدول ذات الحكم المطلق (duwal dāt al-ḥukm) the authoritarian states; مطلق السراح m. as-sarāḥ free, at large, at liberty

متطلق mutaṭalliq cheerful, jovial, happy (face)

مطلمة miṭlama rolling pin

طلمبة ṭulumba pl. -āt pump

طلمس ṭalmasa to frown, scowl, glower, lower

(طلو andطلو) طلى ṭalā i (ṭaly) to paint, daub (ب هـ s.th. with); to coat, overlay, plate (ب هـ s.th. with) | طل هـ بالذهب (dahab) to gild s.th.; طلى هـ بالكهرباء (kahrabā’) to galvanize, electroplate s.th.; طلى هـ بالميناه (mīnā’) to enamel s.th. VII لم تنطل عليه هذه الحيلة (ḥīla) he wouldn’t be deceived by this ruse, this trick couldn’t fool him

طلاء ṭilā’ coating, overlaying, plating; coat, covering (e.g., of sugar); (coat of) paint; make-up, face paint | الطلاء بالكهرباء (kahrabā’) galvanization, electroplating

طلى ṭalīy pleasant, becoming, nice, pretty

طلاوة ṭalāwa beauty, gracefulness, grace, elegance

الطليان aṭ-ṭulyān the Italians

طليطلة ṭulaiṭila2 Toledo (town in Spain)

طم ṭamma u (ṭamm, طموم ṭumūm) to overflow, flood, inundate, deluge, engulf (هـ s.th.) VII pass. of I

طم ṭamm large quantity, huge amount; sea | الطم والرم (rimm) tremendous riches

طامة ṭāmma pl. -āt (overwhelming) calamity, disaster

طماطة ṭumāṭa tomato

طماطم ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ة ) tomatoes

طمأن ṭam’ana and طأمن ṭa’mana to calm, quiet, pacify, appease, assuage, soothe (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), set s.o.’s mind at rest; to fill s.o. (ه ) with confidence (الى in), reassure (الى ه s.o. of or with regard to) II تطأمن taṭa’mana = طمن VI; IV اطمأن iṭma’anna to remain quietly (في in a place); to come to rest; to be or become still, quiet, calm, tranquil, at ease, composed, or reassured, feel assured, confident, or secure; to be sure, be certain (من or الى of s.th.); to have confidence, to trust (الى in), rely, depend (الى on, upon); to make sure (على of s.th.) reassure o.s. (على of or with regard to); to find reassurance (الى in), derive confidence (الى from)

طمأنينة ṭuma’nīna calm, repose, serenity, peace, peacefulness, tranquility; reassurance, peace of mind, composure, calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence

اطمئنان iṭmi’nān calm, repose, serenity, peace, peacefulness, tranquility; reassurance, peace of mind, composure, calmness, equanimity; trust, confidence

مطمئن muṭma’inn (of land) low, low-lying; calm, quiet, at ease, composed, (re)assured, tranquil, serene, peaceable, peaceful, safe, secure; sure, certain; trusting, confident, of good hope

طمث ṭamata u and ṭamita a (ṭamt) to menstruate; -- ṭamata u i (ṭamt) to deflower (ها a girl)

طمث ṭamt menstruation; menses, menstrual discharge

طمح ṭamaḥa a (طموح ṭumūḥ) to turn, be directed (الى to. toward; of the eye, of glances); to aspire (الى to, after), be bent (الى on), strive, crave, long, yearn (الى for), covet (الى s.th.); to take away, remove (ب s.th.)

طموح ṭumūḥ striving, endeavor, aspiration, desire, craving, coveting, longing, yearning; ambition; high aspirations, loftiness of purpose

طموح ṭamūḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous, desirous, avid, eager

طماح ṭammāḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring, ambitious; craving, covetous, desirous, avid, eager

مطمح maṭmaḥ pl. مطامح maṭāmiḥ object of one’s longing or striving, (aspired) goal, aim, ambition, burning desire

طامح ṭāmiḥ high-aiming, high-aspiring; longing, yearning, craving, covetous, avid, eager

1 طمر ṭamara u i (ṭamr) to bury, inter, cover with earth (هـ s.th., esp. a corpse); ṭamara i to cover up (هـ a thing), fill up (هـ a well)

طمر ṭimr pl. اطمار aṭmār old, tattered garment, fags, tatters

طمر ṭimirr fiery steed, race horse

مطمر miṭmar plumb line

مطمور maṭmūr subterranean, underground | O علم المطمورات ‘ilm al-maṭmūrāt paleontology

مطمورة maṭmūra pl. مطامير maṭāmīr2 subterranean storehouse for grain, underground granary, mattamore

2 طمر II (eg.) to curry(comb), rub down (هـ a horse)

طمر ṭumār (eg.) currycomb

3 طومار ṭūmār pl. طوامر ṭawāmir2 look up alphabetically

طمس ṭamasa u i (ṭams, طموس ṭumūs) to be effaced, be obliterated, be erased, be wiped out, be blotted out, be destroyed, be eradicated; to lose animation, become lusterless (eye, glance); -- ṭamasa i (ṭams) to efface, obliterate, erase, expunge, blot out, wipe out, destroy, eradicate (على or هـ s.th.) VII to be effaced, be obliterated, be wiped out, be blotted out, become extinct

طمس ṭams effacement, obliteration

انطماس inṭimās incomprehencibleness, abstruseness

طامس ṭāmis extinct, dead; blurred, indistinct; incomprehensible, abstruse, recondite, obscure

طماطة ṭumāṭa tomato

طماطم ṭamāṭim2 (coll.; n. un. ة ) tomatoes

طمطماني ṭumṭumānī barbarous, barbaric, uneducated (esp. speech, pronunciation)

طمع ṭami‘a a (ṭama‘) to covet, desire (ب or في s.th.), wish, crave, strive (ب or في for), aspire (ب or في to, after); to expect (ب s.th., من from); to hope (في for); to be ambitious; -- ṭamu‘a u (طماعة ṭamā‘a) to be covetous, avid, greedy, avaricious II to make (ه s.o.) desirous (في of), fill (ه s.o.) with greed (في for); to allure, tempt, entice (ه s.o.); to give (ه s.o.) hope (في of), hold out hopes (ه to s.o., في of s.th.), embolden (ه s.o.), encourage (في ه s.o. to do s.th.) IV = II

طمع ṭama‘ pl. اطماع aṭmā‘ greed, greediness, avidity, covetousness; ambitious desire, ambition; object of desire

طماع ṭammā‘ avid, greedy, covetous, desirous; avaricious, grasping

طماعية ṭamā‘īya avidity, greed; cupidity, avarice

مطمع maṭma‘ pl. مطامع maṭāmi‘ coveted object; covetousness, craving, desire; hope, expectation; pl. ambitious designs, ambitions, schemes, aspirations, desires

مطمعة maṭma‘a lure, enticement, temptation

مطماع miṭmā‘ filled with greed; obsessed by ambition, overambitious

طمن II to quiet, calm, appease, pacify, allay, assuage, soothe (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); see also طأمن ṭa’'mana under طمأن VI to be low; to become low, sink, subside; to calm down, be or become quiet, calm, still, to abate; to be bent over, to stoop

طمان ṭamān calm, quiet, repose, peace, peacefulness, serenity, tranquility; reassurance, ease, calmness, peace of mind, composure, equanimity; trust, confidence

تطمين taṭmīn appeasement, mollification, calming, assuaging, soothing

متطامن mutaṭāmin low

(طمو and طمي) طما ṭamā u (طمو ṭumūw), طمى ṭamā i (ṭamy) to flow over

طمي ṭamy (eg., syr.) alluvial mud, silt, alluvium

1 طن ṭunn pl. اطنان aṭnān ton | طن مسجل (musajjal) register ton

2 طن ṭanna i (طنين ṭanīn) to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to ring (ears) II = I

طنين ṭanīn ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); buzz(ing), hum(ming), drone (of an insect); ringing (of the ears)

طنان ṭannān ringing, sounding, pealing, jingling, tinkling; resounding, reverberating, echoing; humming, buzzing, droning; whistle, buzzer (of a kettle); famous, renowned, celebrated

طنب II to remain, abide, stay to live, settle down (ب in, at a place) IV to be excessive (في in), overdo, exaggerate (في s.th.); to brag

طنب ṭunub pl. اطناب aṭnāb tent rope; sinew, tendon | شد اطنابه (šadda) to stay, sojourn, reside; ضرب اطنابه على to settle down, take up permanent residence in a place; ضرب اطنابه في to take root, prevail (at a place)

اطناب iṭnāb exaggeration; fussiness, circumstantiality, prolixity, lengthiness, verbosity

طنبور ṭunbūr pl. طنابير ṭanābīr2 a long-necked, stringed instrument resembling the mandolin; a device used to raise water for irrigation, Archimedean screw; drum, cylinder (techn.)

طنبوري ṭunbūrī player of the طنبور

طنبوشة ṭanbūša pl. -āt paddle box (of a paddle steamer)

طنجة ṭanja2 Tangier

طنجي ṭanjī from Tangier; native of Tangier, Tangerine

طنجرة ṭanjara pl. طناجر ṭanājir2 (copper) casserole, saucepan, skillet

طنطا ṭanṭā Tanta (city in N Egypt)

طنطن ṭanṭana to ring, sound, peal, jingle, tinkle (bell); to hum, buzz, drone (insect); to clang, boom, roar, rumble; to blare out (ب s.th.)

طنطنة ṭanṭana ring(ing), peal, jingle, tinkle, tinkling (of a bell); hum(ming), buzz(ing), drone (of an insect); clangor, boom, roar

طنف ṭunuf (ṭanaf, ṭunf) pl. طنوف ṭunūf, اطناف aṭnāf top, summit, peak (of a mountain); ledge, molding, eaves

طنفسة ṭinfisa, ṭanfasa, ṭunfusa pl. طنافس ṭanāfis2 velvet-like carpet, mockado carpet

طه a group of letters opening the 20th sura; Tāhā a Muslim masculine proper name

طهر ṭahara, ṭahura u (ṭuhr, طهارة ṭahāra) to be clean, pure; -- ṭaharat, ṭahurat (of a woman) to be clean (as opposed to menstruating) II to clean, cleanse, deterge, expurgate, purge, purify, chasten (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to disinfect, sterilize (هـ s.th.); to dredge (هـ e.g., a canal); to circumcise (ه s.o.) III to circumcise (ه s.o.) V to clean o.s., cleanse o.s., perform an ablution

طهر ṭuhr cleanness, purity; chastity

طهور ṭahūr circumcision; cleansing, purging, detergent; clean, pure

طهارة ṭahāra cleanness, cleanliness, purity; cultic purity (Isl. Law); chastity; holiness, sanctity, saintliness; circumcision | طهارة الذيل ṭ. ad-dail innocence; probity, uprightness, integrity, honesty

مطهر maṭhar purgatory (Chr.)

مطهرة maṭhara pl. مطاهر maṭāhir2 wash-room, lavatory, toilet

طهر taṭhīr cleaning, cleansing, purging, expurgation, purification; disinfection; purgation, use of aperients; dredging; circumcision

تطهيري taṭhīrī cleaning, cleansing, detergent

طاهر ṭāhir pl. اطهار aṭhār clean, pure; chaste, modest, virtuous | طاهر الذمة ṭ. ad-dimma upright, righteous, honest; طاهر الذيل ṭ. ad-dail innocent, pure, unblemished, blameless, upright, righteous, honest

مطهر muṭahhir pl. -āt a detergent (esp. anticeptic); an anticeptic, a disinfectant

مطهر muṭahhar pure, immaculate

طهران ṭihrān2 Teheran (capital of Iran)

طهق V to despise, detect, abhor, loathe (من s.th.)

مطهم muṭahham of perfect beauty (esp. as an epithet of noble horses)

طهو ) and طهي) طها ṭahā u and يطهى yaṭhā (طهو ṭahw, طهي ṭuhīy, ṭahy, طهاية ṭahāya) to cook (هـ s.th.); to stew (هـ s.th.); to braise (هـ s.th.); to broil, fry (هـ s.th.); to bake (هـ s.th.)

طهى ṭuhan cooked dish, cooked meal

طهاية ṭihāya cook’s trade

مطهى maṭhan kitchen

طاه ṭāhin pl. طهاة ṭuhāh cook

طواشي ṭawāšī pl. طواشية ṭawāšiya eunuch

طواية ṭawwāya frying pan

1 طابة ṭāba look up alphabetically

2 طوب II to beatify (ه s.o.; Chr.)

طوبى ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch; Chr.)

تطويب taṭwīb beatification (Chr.)

3 طوب ṭub (coll.; n. un. ة ) brick(s) | طوب احمر (aḥmar) baked brick(s); طوب مفرغ (mufarrag) hollow tile(s), air brick(s); طوب ني (nayy) unburned, sun-dried briek(s)

طواب ṭawwāb brick burner, brick-maker, tile-maker

طوبجي ṭōbjī, (eg.) ṭobgī pl. -īya artillerist, artilleryman

طوبجية ṭōbjīya artillery

طوبه ṭūba the fifth month of the Coptic calendar

طاح (طوح ) ṭāḥa u (ṭauḥ) to perish, die; to loss one’s way, go astray, stray, wander about; to fall; to throw, cast, fling, hurl, toss, carry away, sweep away (ب s.o., s.th.) II to cause to or let perish (ه or ب s.o.); to endanger, expose to peril (ه or ب s.o.); to throwaway, toss away, hurl away (ب s.th.); to throw, cast, hurl, toss, fling (الى ب s.o. into); to carry away, transport (الى ب s.o. to, into); to move, induce, tempt (ه s.o., الى to s.th., to do s.th.) | طرحت به الطوائح fate dealt him severe blows IV to drop, discard (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), shed (هـ s.th.); to let s.th. (ب ) be swept away; to carry away, tear away, rip away (ب s.th.); to chop off (هـ s.th., esp. the head) V to fall, drop, be thrown, be tossed; to stray, wander about; to sway, reel, stagger

طوائح ṭawā’iḥ2 adversities, blows of fate

مطوحة muṭawwiḥa pl. -āt adventure

طود VII to rise in the air, soar up

طود ṭaud pl. اطواد aṭwād (high, towering) mountain

منطاد munṭād pl. مناطيد manāṭīd2 balloon, blimp; zeppelin, dirigible | منطاد مقيد (muqayyad) captive balloon, kite balloon; O منطاد هوائي ثابت (hawā’ī) barrage balloon

1 طور II to develop, further, advance, promote (هـ s.th.) V to develop, evolve; to change; to race (motor)

طور ṭaur pl. اطوار aṭwār one time (= Fr. fois; state, condition; limit, bound; stage, degree; phase (also phys., esp. el.) | طورا بعد طور time and again, again and again; طورا -- طورا or حينا -- طورا sometimes -- sometimes, at times – at times; خرج عن طوره to lose one’s self-control, become upset; اخرجه عن طوره (akrajahū) to upset, discompose, disconcert s.o.; غريب الأطوار of odd behavior, eccentric

طور ṭūr pl. اطوار aṭwār mountain | طور سيناء ṭ. sīnā’ and طور سينا ṭ. sīnā Mount Sinai

طوري ṭūrī wild

طوار ṭawār sidewalk

طوراني ṭūrānī wild; Turanian

تطور taṭawwur pl. -āt development; evolution; pl. -āt stages of development, evolutionary phases, developments | قابل التطور developable, capable of development or evolution

تطوري taṭawwurī evolutional, evolutionary | نظرية تطورية (naẓarīya) theory of evolution, evolutionism

2 طار ṭār (= اطار iṭār), طارة ṭāra hoop, ring; tire; frame; wheel; tambourine

3 اطار iṭār see اطر

4 طورية ṭūrīya look up alphabetically

طوربيد ṭurbīd pl. -āt, طرابيد ṭarābīd2 torpedo

طورية ṭūrīya (eg.) pl. طواري ṭawārī hoe, mattock

طوزلق (Turk. tozluk) gaiter(s), legging(s)

طوس II to adorn, decorate, deck out (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

طاس ṭās pl. -āt round, shallow drinking cup made of metal, drinking vessel; finger bowl

طاس ṭāsa pl. -āt round, shallow drinking cup made of metal, drinking vessel | طاسة التحمير frying pan; O طاسة التصادم ṭ. at-taṣādum buffer (railroad)

طاووس ṭāwūs pl. طواويس ṭawāwīs2 peacock

مطوس muṭawwas ornate, ostentatiously made-up

طوش II to castrate, emasculate (ه s.o.)

طواشي ṭawāšī pl. طواشية ṭawāšiya eunuch

طاع (طوع ) ṭā‘a u (ṭau‘) to obey (ل or ه s.o.), be obedient (ل or ه to s.o.) II to render obedient, bring into subjection, subdue, subject, subjugate (ه s.o.) | طوعت له نفسه (nafsuhū) (lit.: his soul permitted him, made it easy or feasible for him, i.e.) he allowed himself to do s.th. (هـ ), he had no qualms about doing s.th. (هـ ), he did not hesitate to do s.th. (هـ ) III to comply with or accede to s.o.’s (هـ ) wishes (على or في in, with regard to), yield, submit, be obedient (ه to s.o., على or في in), obey (ه s.o., على or في in); to be at s.o.’s (ه ) command (of a faculty, skill, etc.); to consent, assent (في to s.th.) IV to obey, follow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be obedient, submit, yield (هـ ه to s.o., to s.th.), comply (هـ, ه with s.o.’s wishes, with s.th.), accede (هـ, ه to s.o.’s wishes, to s.th.) V to do voluntarily (ل or ب or هـ s.th.), volunteer (ل or ب or هـ for, in, to do s.th.); to enlist, volunteer (mil.) | تطوع خيرا (kairan) to perform a good deed voluntarily VII to obey, follow (ل s.o., s.th.), be obedient, submit, yield, accede (ل to), comply (ل with) X to be able (هـ to do s.th.), be in a position to do, to get, to carry out, or to take upon o.s. (هـ s.th.), be capable (هـ of s.th., ان of doing s.th.)

طوع ṭau‘ obedience; voluntariness, spontaneity (in connection with a legally relevant action, esp. a delict; Isl. Law); (for m. and f.) obedient, compliant, submissive; طوعا ṭau‘an voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of one’s own accord | طوعا او كرها (karhan) willingly or unwillingly, willy-nilly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or not; طوع العنان tractable, docile, amenable; طوع يده ṭau‘a yadihī under s.o.’s thumb, at s.o.’s beck and call; هو طوع ايدينا (ṭau‘a aidīnā) he is at our beck and call, he is in our power; طوع امرك /ṭau‘a amrika at your disposal

طوعيا ṭau‘īyan voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of one’s own accord

طيع (ṭayyi‘) obedient, compliant, submissive

طاعة ṭā‘a obedience, compliance, submissiveness; (pl. -āt) pious deed (Isl. Law) | بيت الطاعة bait aṭ-ṭ. the husband’s house to which a woman, in case of unlawful desertion, must return (Isl. Law); السمع والطاعة as-sam‘ū wa-ṭ-ṭā‘atu I hear and obey! at your service! Very well! سمعا وطاعة sam‘an wa-ṭā‘atan do.

طواعية ṭawā‘īya obedience | عن طواعية voluntarily, of one’s own free will, of one’s own accord

مطواع miṭwā‘ obedient, compliant

تطويع taṭwī‘ diploma of the Great Mosque of Tunis

اطاعة iṭā‘a obedience

تطوع taṭawwu‘ voluntariness; volunteering; voluntary service (في in a branch of the armed forces); service as an unsalaried trainee, voluntary traineeship

استطاعة istiṭā‘a ability, capability, faculty; possibility

طائع ṭā’i‘ obedient, compliant, submissive | طائعا او كارها willingly or unwillingly, whether I (you, etc.) will it or not

مطوع muṭawwa‘ pl. -ūn holder of the diploma issued by the Great Mosque of Tunis; -- muṭṭawwi‘ volunteer (also mil.); unsalaried trainee

مطاوع muṭāwi‘ obedient, compliant, submissive; yielding, pliable, pliant; المطاوع the reflexive, frequently = the passive (gram.) | حديد مطاوع mild steel

مطيع muṭī‘ obedient, compliant

متطوع mutaṭawwi‘ pl. ة volunteer (also mil.); unsalaried trainee

مستطاع mustaṭā‘ possible, feasible | قدر المستطاع qadra l-m. as far as possible, as far as it is feasible; بقدر (على قدر) المستطاع do.

طاف (طوف ) ṭāfa u (ṭauf, طواف ṭawāf, طوفان ṭawafān) to go about, walk about, ride about, travel about, move about, rove about, wander about, run around (هـ in s.th.), tour (هـ s.th.); to go, walk, ride, run (حول, ب around s.th.), circumambulate (حول, ب s.th.); to make the rounds, walk around (على among people); to circle, circuit, compass (حول, ب s.th.); to roam, rove, range (ب s.th.); to show around, guide (ب s.o.); to familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (y with); to become acquainted (ب with s.o., with s.th.), come to know (ب s.o., s.th.); - (ṭauf) to appear to s.o. (ب ) in his sleep; to come (على upon s.o.), afflict (على s.o.); to overflow, leave its banks (river); to swim, float, drift II to go about, walk about, stroll about, ride about, travel about (في in), tour (في s.th.); to go or walk around s.th. (ب ), circle, circumambulate (ب s.th.); to show around, guide (ب or ه s.o.); to let (ب s.th.) roam (هـ s.th.), let (ب s.th.) make the rounds (ب in), let one’s eyes (ب ) wander; to perform the circumambulation of the Kaaba (ṭawāf) IV to surround, encompass, encircle, circumscribe (ب s.th.) V to move about, rove, roam, wander, walk about

طوف ṭauf round, circuit, beat; low wall, enclosure; (pl. اطواف aṭwāf) patrol; raft made of inflated waterskins tied together

طواف ṭawāf round, circuit, beat; round trip, round-trip excursion; roundtrip flight; circumambulation of the Kaaba (as part of the Islamic pilgrimage ceremonies)

طواف ṭawwāf ambulant, itinerant, migrant, roving, wandering; going the rounds, making the circuit, walking the beat; (pl. ة ) mounted rural mail carrier (Eg.) | محطة الطوافة maḥaṭṭat aṭ-ṭ. (Eg.) circuit stations which have the mail delivered by mounted rural mail carriers

طوافة ṭawwāfa pl. -āt patrol boat, coastal patrol vessel (employed by the Egyptian Coast Guard)

طوفان ṭūfān flood, inundation, deluge

مطاف maṭāf riding about, traveling, touring; round trip | آل (انتهى) به المطاف الى to end with, wind up with, arrive eventually at; خاتمة المطاف the end of the matter, the final issue, the upshot of it

تطواف taṭwāf traveling, touring, wandering, itineration, roving life

طائف ṭā’if ambulant, itinerant, migrant, roving, wandering; one going the rounds or making the circuit or walking the beat; one performing the ṭawāf | طاف به طائف he had a sudden impulse or urge; طاف عليه طائف من القدر القاسي (qadar) tragedy befell him, he met with a harsh fate

الطائف aṭ-ṭā’if Taif (town in S Hejaz)

طائفة ṭā’ifa pl. طوائف ṭawā’if2 part, portion; number; troop, band, group; swarm, drove, bevy, covey; people; class; sect, denomination; confession, communion; party, faction; religious minority | O الطائفة الاحساسية (iḥsāsīya) the impressionists; ملوك الطوائف princelings, petty kings

طائفي ṭā’ifī factional, sectarian, denominational, confessionalism

طائفية ṭā’ifīya sectarianism, denominationalism; confessionalism

مطوف muṭawwif pl. -ūn pilgrims’ guide in Mecca

طاق (طوق ) ṭāqa u (ṭauq) to be able, be in a position (هـ to do s.th.), be capable (هـ of, of doing s.th.); to be able to bear or stand (هـ s.th.), bear, stand, sustain, endure (هـ s.th.) II to put a collar or necklace (طوقا ṭauqan) around s.o.’s neck; to hoop (هـ s.th., e.g., a barrel); to surround, clasp, enwrap, ring, encompass (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with), encircle (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), form or throw a circle or cordon (هـ, ه around s.o., around s.th.), enclose (هـ s.th.); to play (هـ about, e.g., a smile about the lips), flit (هـ across s.th.) | طوقه بذراعيه (bi-dirā‘aihī) to take s.o. in one’s arms, embrace, hug, clasp s.o.; طوق عنقه ب (‘unuqahū) to present s.o. with, bestow upon s.o. s.th. IV = I (على, هـ s.th., to do s.th., of s.th. or of doing s.th.); to master (هـ a method) | لم يطق صبرا lam yuṭiq ṣabran be could not stand or bear it, he could not control himself; شيء لا يطاق (yuṭāqu) s.th. unbearable, s.th. intolerable

طوق ṭauq ability, faculty, power, strength, potency, capability, aptitude, capacity; endurance; (pl. اطواق aṭwāq) necklace; neckband, ruff, collar; hoop, circle | طوق للنجاة (najāh) life buoy; اخرجه الحزن عن طوقه (akrajahū l-ḥuznu) grief drove him out of his mind

طوقي ṭauqī collar-like, loop-shaped, ring-shaped, annular

طاق ṭāq pl. –āt, طيقان ṭīqān arch (arch.); (pl. -āt) stratum, layer

طاقة ṭāqa pl. -āt window

طاقة ṭāqa pl. -āt ability, faculty, capability, aptitude, capacity, power, strength, potency; energy (phys., etc.); capacity (of a technical apparatus); bunch, bouquet (of flowers) | في الطاقة (with foll. maṣdar) it is possible to ...; قدر الطاقة qadra ṭ-ṭ. as far as possible, in the best way possible; على قدر طاقته according to his capability; طاقة مدخرة (muddakara) accumulated energy; potential (phys.); الطاقة الذرية (darrīya) atomic energy, atomic power; طاقة انتاجية (intājīya) productive power, productional capacity, output capacity

طاقية look up alphabetically

تطويق taṭwīq pl. -āt encirclement, encompassment, enclosure, surrounding, ringing

اطاقة iṭāqa ability, faculty, aptitude, power, capability, capacity

مطوق muṭawwaq ringdove

مطاق muṭāq bearable, endurable, tolerable

طوكيو tōkiyō Tokyo

1 طال (طول ) ṭāla u (ṭūl) to be or become long; to last long; to lengthen, grow longer, extend, be protracted, become drawn out; to surpass, excel (على or ه s.o.) | طال به الزمن حتى (zamanu) it took a long time before he ...; يطول بي هذا this will (would) take me too long; طال الزمن او قصر (zamanu, qaṣura) sooner or later, before long II to make long or longer, lengthen, elongate, stretch out, prolong, extend, protract (هـ s.th.); to be very elaborate, very detailed, very exhaustive, longwinded, prolix; to grant a delay or respite (ل to s.o.) | طول باله عليه (bālahū) to be patient with III to keep putting off (في ه s.o. in or with s.th.); to vie for power, greatness or stature, contend, compete (ه with s.o.), rival, emulate (ه s.o.) IV to make long or longer, lengthen, elongate, stretch out, extend, prolong, protract, draw out (هـ or من s.th.); to take too long, find no end | اطال عليه to keep s.o. waiting a long time; اطال لسانه (lisānahū) to speak in a forward manner, be pert, saucy, insolent in speech; اطال النظر (naẓara) he kept staring at him; اطال الوقوف he stayed a long time VI to become long, be lengthened, be extended, be prolonged; to stretch up, stretch o.s.; to stretch (الى for), crane one'. neck (الى at); to attack (على s.o.); to become insolent, get fresh (على with s.o.); to be insolent enough, have the cheek (ل to do s.th.); to dare do s.th. (ب ), presume (ب s.th.), pretend (ب to s.th.); to arrogate to o.s. (الى a rank) | تطاول برأسه (bi-ra’sihī) to bear one’s head high (with pride) X to be or become long; to be or become overbearing, presumptuous, display an arrogant behavior (على toward)

طالما ṭālamā and لطالما la-ṭālamā how often! often, frequently (with foll. verbal clause) | طالما ان (anna) while, as, the more so as

طول ṭaul might, power | صاحب الحول والطول (ṣ. al-ḥaul) the Almighty

طول ṭūl pl. اطوال aṭwāl length; size, height, tallness | طول الاناة ṭ. al-anāh long-suffering, longanimity, forbearance, patience; طول النظر ṭ. an-naẓar farsightedness, hyperopia; خط الطول kaṭṭ aṭ-ṭ. geographical longitude, degree of longitude, meridian; بالطول and طولا lengthwise, longitudinally; طول ṭūla (prep.) during, throughout, … long, e.g., طول هذه المدة (mudda) during this period, during all this time, طول النهار (nahār) all day (long); طول ما as long as; على طول (with foll. genit.) along, along, side of; على طول (eg.) straight ahead; straightway, directly; at last, finally, after all; في طول البلاد وعرضها (wa-‘arḍihā) throughout the country, all over the country; انا في طولك (eg.) have mercy on me!

طولي ṭūlī of length, linear, longitudinal |خط طولي (kaṭṭ) geographical longitude, degree of longitude, meridian

طول ṭuwwal a long-legged waterfowl

طوال ṭawwāla, ṭiwala (prep.) during, throughout; along, alongside of

طويل ṭawīl pl. طوال ṭiwāl long; large, big, tall; high; الطويل name of a poetical meter; طويلا ṭawīlan long (adv.), a long time | طويل الأجل ṭ. al-ajal longterm, long-dated; طويل الأناة ṭ. al-anāh long-suffering forbearing, patient; طويل الباع mighty, powerful; capable, efficient; generous, liberal, openhanded; طويل الروح ṭ. ar-rūḥ long-suffering, forbearing, patient; طويل القامة tall; طويل اللسان insolent, impertinent, pert, saucy

طوال ṭuwāl long

طوالة ṭuwāla pl. -āt stable

طيلة ṭīlata (prep.) during, throughout, … long

طولاني ṭaulānī measured lengthwise, longitudinal

اطول aṭwal2, f. طولى longer, larger, bigger, taller; extremely tall, very long

تطويل taṭwīl lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation, protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness

اطالة iṭāla lengthening, elongation, stretching, extension, prolongation, protraction; elaborateness, exhaustiveness, prolixity, long-windedness

استطالة istiṭāla overbearing attitude, haughtiness, presumptuousness, arrogance

طائل ṭā’il long; huge, immense, ample, enormous (of funds); use, avail; might, power, force | طائل الصولة ṭ. aṣ-ṣaula mighty, powerful, forceful; دون طائل and لا طائل تحته (فيه ) (ṭā’ila) of no use, of no avail, useless, unavailing, futile; ما فاز بطائل to accomplish nothing, be unsuccessful, fail

طائلة ṭā’ila might, power, force; vengeance, revenge, retribution, retaliation | وقع تحت طائلة القانون to be subject to punishment by law; تحت طائلة الموت (ṭ. il-maut) under penalty of death

مطول muṭawwal elaborate, detailed, exhaustive, circumstantial

متطاول mutatāwil long-extended, long-stretched, long-protacted, prolonged, lengthy

مستطيل mustaṭīl long, oblong, elongate(d), long-stretched; protracted, prolonged, long drawn out; a rectangle, an oblong; a saucy, presumptuous person

3 طاولة look up alphabetically

طولكرم Tulkarm (town in NW Jordan)

طومار ṭūmār pl. طوامير ṭawāmīr2 roll, scroll

نهر الطونة nahr aṭ-ṭūna the Danube river

طونولاطة (It. tonnellata) ṭōnolāṭa ton

طوى ṭawā i (طي ṭayy) to fold, fold up, fold in, fold over, fold under, roll up (هـ s.th.); to shut, close (هـ a book); to keep secret, secrete, conceal, hide (هـ s.th.); to harbor, hold, contain (هـ s.th.); to swallow up, envelop, wrap up. Enwrap (ه s.o.; of the dark of night); to settle finally, bury (ه the past), have done with s.th. in the past (هـ ); to cross, traverse (هـ s.th., esp. a country); to cover quickly (هـ the way, the distance, الى to); to spend, pass (هـ a period of time) ; to possess o.s. take possession (هـ of), appropriate (هـ s.th.); pass. طوى على ṭuwiya ‘alā (= to be folded around or over, i.e.) to bear (within itself), harbor, contain, involve s.th. | طوى الأرض طيا (l-arḍa ṭayyan) to rush through a country; .l.~ .s). (biodlaAu) to be finished, be done, come to an end, finish; طوى البساط بما فيه to settle an affair once and for all, wind up an affair; طوى جوانحه على (jawāniḥahū) to harbor s.th., conceal s.th. in one’s heart; طوى كشحه (كشحا) على (kašḥahū, kašḥan) and طوى صدره على (ṣadrahū) to harbor or look (a secret) in one’s bosom, keep s.th. secret, secrete, conceal, hide s.th.; طوى صفحته (ṣafḥatahū) to have done with s.th., be through with s.th., give up, abandon s.th.; طوى الطريق الى to hurry or rush to; طوى الماضى طي السجل للكاتب (l-māḍiya ṭayya s-sijilli) to break with the past, let bygones be bygones; -- طوي ṭawiya a (طوى ṭawan) to be hungry, suffer hunger, starve IV = ṭawiya V to coil (snake) VII to be folded, be folded up, in, over, or under, be rolled up, be turned (over) (page, leaf), be shut (book, etc.); to go by, pass, elapse (time); to disappear, vanish; to be covered (distance); to be bidden, be concealed (تحت under), be enveloped, be wrapped (تحت in); to contain, comprise, encompass, comprehend, embrace, involve, include (على s.th.); to harbor, nurse, bear (هـ feelings, esp. hatred, love) | انطوى على نفسه to withdraw within o.s., be self-centered, be introverted

طي ṭayy concealment, biding; (pl. اطواء aṭwā’) fold, pleat | طيه ṭayyahū and طي هذا (ṭayya) herein enclosed, herewith (in a letter); في طي الغيب (ṭ. il-gaib) secretly, covertly; تحت (في) طي الكتمان (ṭ. il-kitmān) under the seal of secrecy; في اطواء (with foll. genit.) in

طية ṭayya pl. -āt fold, pleat | حمل بين طياته involve, comprise, contain

طية ṭīya intention, design | مضى (ذهب) لطيته he went to his destination; he left in order to do what he had in mind; he went his way

طوى ṭawan hunger; mat | على الطوى on an empty stomach, without having eaten

طوية ṭawīya pl. طوايا ṭawāyā fold, pleat; innermost thoughts, real conviction, true mind; intention, design; conscience | سليم الطوية guileless artless; في طوايا (with foll. genit.) inside, within, in, amid

طواية ṭawāya pl. -āt frying pan

مطوى maṭwan pl. مطاو maṭāwin pocket knife, penknife; pl. folds, pleats | في مطاوى (with foll. genit.) inside, within, in, amid; في مطاويه inwardly, at heart, in his bosom

مطواة miṭwah pocket knife, penknife

انطواء inṭiwā’ introversion (psych.) | الانطواء على النفس (nafs) do.

انطوائي inṭiwā’ī introverted (psych.)

طاو ṭāwin starved | طاو البطن ṭ. l-baṭn starved, lean, emaciated

مطوي maṭwīy folded up, infolded, rolled up, etc.; مطوي على bearing (within itself), harboring, containing, involving s.th. | مطوى الضلوع على harboring s.th. in one’s bosom

منطو munṭawin: منطو على نفسه self-absorbed, low-spirited, depressed

1 طاب (طيب ) ṭāba i (ṭīb, طيبة ṭība) to be good, pleasant, agreeable; to be or become delightful, delicious; to please (ل s.o.), be to s.o.’s (ل ) liking; to be or become ripe, to ripen; to regain health, recover, recuperate, convalesce | طابت ليلتكم (lailatukum) may your night be pleasant! good night! طابت نفسه (nafsuhū) he was gay, cheerful, cheery, in good spirits, he felt happy; طاب نفسا عن (nafsanl) to give up s.th. gladly, renounce s.th. willingly; طابت نفسه اليه (nafsuhū) he had a liking for it, it was to his taste II to make (هـ s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten (هـ s.th.); to scent, perfume (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to spice, season (هـ food), mull (هـ wine); to sanitate, improve (هـ air, drinking water); to heal, cure (ه s.o.); to massage (ه s.o.) | طيب خاطره to mollify, soothe, placate, conciliate s.o., set s.o.’s mind at rest; طيب الله ثراه (tarāhu) may God make his earth light (a eulogy added after mentioning the name of a pious deceased) III to joke, jest, banter, make fun (ه with s.o.) IV to make (هـ s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious, or sweet, to sweeten (هـ s.th.) V to perfume o.s. X استطاب and استطيب istaṭyaba to find or deem (هـ s.th.) good, pleasant, agreeable, delightful, delicious, sweet; to like (هـ s.th.), be fond (هـ of)

طيب ṭīb goodness; (pl. طيوب ṭuyūb) scent, perfume | طيب العرق ṭ. al-‘irq noble birth, noble descent; جوز الطيب jauz aṭ-ṭ. nutmeg

طيب ṭayyib good; pleasant, agreeable; delicious; gay; well-disposed, friendly, kindly; well, in good health | طيب الخلق ṭ. al-kulq good-natured, genial; طيب الريحة sweet-smelling, fragrant, sweet-scented; طيب العرق ṭ. a1-‘irq highborn, of noble descent; طيب النفس ṭ. an-nafs gay, cheerful, cheery, in high spirits

طيبات ṭayyibāt nice, pleasant things; gustatory delights, pleasures of the table

طيبة ṭība goodness; good nature, geniality | عن طيبة خاطر gladly, most willingly, with pleasure

طوبى ṭūbā blessedness, beatitude; Beatitude (title of honor of a patriarch; Chr.)

طياب ṭayāb, ṭiyāb (eg.) north wind

طياب ṭayyāb pl. -ūn masseur

اطيب aṭyab2 better; -- pl. اطايب aṭāyib2 the best parts (of s.th.); pleasures, comforts, amenities; delicacies, dainties

مطايب maṭāyib2 comforts, amenities (e.g., of life)

مطايبة muṯāyaba pl. -āt banter, joke, jest, teasing remark

طائب ṭā’ib unobjectionable (ل for; Isl. Law)

مطيب muṭayyab bouquet, bunch (of flowers)

2 طيبة ṭība2 Thebes

طاح (طيح ) ṭaḥa i (ṭaiḥ) to perish, die II to lose (هـ s.th.)

طار (طير ) ṭāra i (طيران ṭayarān) to fly; to fly away, fly off, take to the wing; to hasten, hurry, rush, fly (الى to); to be in a state of commotion, be jubilant, exult, rejoice; طار ب to snatch away, carry away, carry off (s.o., s.th.) | طار بخياله (bi-kayālihī) to let one’s imagination wander to; طار له صيت في الناس (ṣīt) his fame spread among people, he became well-known; طار طائره (ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow one’s top; طار عقله (‘aqluhū) to lose one’s mind, go crazy; طار فؤاده (روحه) شعاعا (fu’āduhū, rūḥuhū ša‘ā‘an) his mind became confused, he became all mixed up; طار فرحا (faraḥan) to be beside o.s. with joy, be overjoyed; طار بلبه (bi-lubbihī) to drive s.o. out of his mind; طار بصوابه (bi-ṣawābihī) to make s.o. unconscious II to make or let fly (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), to fly, send up (هـ s.th., e.g., a balloon, a kite); to pass on promptly, dispatch posthaste, forward without delay, rush, shoot (الى هـ s.th. to, esp. a report, a message); to knock out (هـ s.th., e.g., an eye, a tooth) | طير رأسه (ra’sahū) to chop off s.o.’s head, behead s.o. IV to make or let fly (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), to fly (هـ s.th.): to blow away (هـ s.th.; of the wind); to make (هـ s.th.) disappear at once, dispel (هـ s.th.) V to see an evil omen (من or ب in) VI to be scattered, be dispersed, scatter, disperse, spread, diffuse; to be exuded, rise (fragrance); to fly apart, fly about, fly in all directions (esp. sparks); to vanish, disappear, be dispelled X to make fly, cause to fly (هـ s.th.); to knock (هـ s.th.) out of s.o.’s hand; to alarm or upset seriously (ه s.o.), agitate, excite (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); = VI; pass. استطير ustuṭīra to be terrified | استطير عقله (‘aqluhū) to go out of one’s mind (with astonishment or fright)

طير ṭair (coll. and n. un.) pl. طيور ṭuyūr, اطيار aṭyār birds, bird; augury, omen; طيور poultry; fowl | طيور جارحة predatory birds, birds of prey; علم الطيور ‘ilm aṭ-ṭuyūr ornithology; كأن على رؤوسهم الطير (ka’anna, ṭaira) motionless or silent with awe

طيرة ṭaira commotion, agitation (of anger, wrath); flight; female bird

طيرة ṭīra, ṭiyāra evil omen, portent, foreboding

طيار ṭayyār flying; evanescent, fleeting; volatile (liquid); floating, wafting, hovering; (pl. -ūn) flyer, aviator, pilot | زيوت طيارة volatile oils; طيار اول (awwal) a military rank, approx.: first lieutenant of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); طيار ثان (ṭānin) approx.: second lieutenant of the Air Force (Eg. 1939)

طيارة ṭayyāra pl. -āt aviatrix, woman pilot; airplane, aircraft, kite (toy) | طيارة رياضية (riyāḍīya) sport plane; طيارة قذافة (qaddāfa) bomber; طيارة مائية seaplane

طيران ṭayarān flying, flight; aviation, aeronautics | طيران بهلواني (bahlawānī) stunt flying; طيران شراعي (širā‘ī) glider flying, gliding; خطوط الطيران airlines; سلاح الطيران air force; وزير الطيران minister of aviation

مطار maṭār pl. -āt airfield, airport | O مطار عائم aircraft carrier

مطارة maṭāra airfield, airport

مطير maṭīr airfield, airport

تطير taṭayyur pessimism

طائر ṭā’ir flying; flyer, aviator, pilot; (pl. -āt, طير ṭair) bird; omen, presage | سكون الطائر graveness, sedateness; على الطائر الميمون (maimūn) good luck | Godspeed! (said to s.o. setting out on a journey); طار طائره (ṭā’iruhū) to become angry, blow one’s top

طائرة ṭā’ira pl. -āt airplane, aircraft | على متن الطائرة (maṭni ṭ-ṭ.) aboard the airplane; by (air)plane (e.g., traveling); طائرة بحرية (baḥrīya) seaplane; O طائرة دورية (daurīya) (short-range) reconnaissance plane, observation plane; طائرة شراعية (širā‘īya) sailplane, glider; طائرة المطاردة ṭ. al-muṭārada fighter, pursuit plane, interceptor; طائرة عمودية (‘amūdīya) helicopter; طائرة القتال light bomber, combat plane; طائرة المقاتلة ṭ. al-muqāṭala do.; O طائرة الانقضاض or طائرة انقضاضية dive bomber; طائرة مائية seaplane; طائرة نفاثة (naffāṭa) jet plane; طائرة النقل ṭ. an-naql transport (plane); O حاملات الطائرات and O ناقلات الطائرات aircraft carrier

متطير mutaṭayyir pessimist

مستطير mustaṭīr imminent, impending, threatening (of disaster); scattered, dispersed; spread out, spread all over, scattered about; widespread; pessimist

طاش (طيش ) ṭāša i (ṭaiš, طيشان ṭayašān) to be inconstant, changeable, fickle, lightheaded, thoughtless, heedless, frivolous, reckless, undecided, confused, helpless, aimless, desultory; to miss the mark (of an arrow, also عن الغرض ); to stray (عن from the target), miss (عن a spot, e.g., said of the hand) | طاش سهمه (sahmuhū) to be on the wrong track, bark up the wrong tree, be unsuccessful, fail; طاش صوابه (ṣawābuhū) to lose one’s head

طيش ṯaiš inconsistency, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness, rashness; thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity

طياشان ṭayašān inconstancy, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness, rashness; thoughtlessness; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity

طياشة ṭiyāša inconstancy, fickleness; recklessness, heedlessness, rashness; thoughtless; lightheadedness, levity, frivolity

طائش ṭā’iš inconstant, changeable, fickle; lightheaded, frivolous; thoughtless, heedless, reckless; undecided, confused, perplexed, helpless; aimless, desultory, purposeless

طاف (طيف ) ṭāfa i (ṭaif) to appear to s.o. (ب ) in his sleep (of a specter)

طيف ṭaif pl. اطياف aṭyāf, طيوف ṭuyūf fantacy, phantasm; vision, apparition; phantom, specter, ghost; spectrum (phys.)

طيفي ṭaifī spectral, spectroscopic

مطياف miṭyāf spectroscope | مطياف مصور (muṣawwir) spectrograph

طيلة see طول

طيلسان ṭailasān pl. طيالسة ṭayālisa a shawl-like garment worn over head and shoulders

طين II to daub or coat with clay (هـ s.th.)

طين ṭīn pl. اطيان aṭyān clay, potter’s clay, argil; soil; basis, foundation | الطين الخزفي (kazafī) kaolin, porcelain clay; زاد الطين بلة zāda ṭ-ṭīna ballatan to make things worse, aggravate or complicate the situation

طينة ṭīna clay, potter’s clay, argil; stuff, material, substance (of which s.th. is made); kind, specific character, disposition, constitution, nature

طيان ṭayyān mortar carrier, hod carrier

ظ

ظاء ẓā’ name of the letter ظ

ظئر ẓi’r wet nurse

ظبي ẓaby pl. ظباء ẓibā’ gazelle (Gazella dorcas)

ظبية ẓabya pl. ẓabayāt female gazelle

ظر ẓirr sharp-edged stone, flint

ظربان ẓaribān, ẓirbān pl. ظرابين ẓarābīn2, ظرابي ẓarābīy polecat, fitchew

ظرف ẓarufa u (ẓarf, ظرافة ẓarāfa) to be charming, chic, nice, elegant, neat; to be witty, full of esprit II to adorn, embellish, polish (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), impart charm (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to put (هـ s.th.) into an envelope, cover or wrap, to envelop, wrap up, cover (هـ s.th.) V to affect charm or elegance, display affectedness; to show o.s. elegant, witty, full of esprit VI = V; I to deem or find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) elegant, charming, adroit, witty, etc.

ظرف ẓarf elegance, gracefulness, grace, charm; cleverness, resourcefulness; wittiness, esprit; -- (pl. ظروف ẓurūf) vessel, receptacle, container; covering, wrap, cover; (letter) envelope; capsule, case; (gram.) adverb denoting place or time; pl. ظروف circumstances, conditions | بظرف or في ظرف within, in a (given) period of; ظروف مخففة (mukaffifa) and ظروف التخفيف extenuating circumstances; ظروف مشددة (mušaddida) aggravating circumstances; بحسب الظروف bi-ḥasabi aẓ-ẓ. according to circumstances, depending on the circumstances

ظرفي ẓarfī adverbial | بينة ظرفية (bayyina) or دليل ظرفي dalīl circumstantial evidence

ظريف ẓarīf pl. ظرفاء ẓurafā’2, f. ظرائف ẓarā’if elegant, graceful, charming; full of esprit, witty, nice, fine

ظرافة ẓarāfa elegance, gracefulness, grace, charm; esprit, wittiness

تظريف taẓrīf wittiness, brilliant and witty manner

تظرف taẓarruf gracefulness, grace, elegance, charm, wittiness, esprit

مظروف maẓrūf pl. مظاريف maẓārīf2 envelope

متظرف mutaẓarrif elegant, dandy, fop

مستظرف mustaẓraf elegant | اصناف مستظرفة luxury articles, fancy goods

ظعن ẓa‘ana a (ẓa‘n) to move away, leave, depart

ظعن ẓa‘n departure, start, journey, trek (esp. of a caravan)

ظعينة ẓa‘īna pl. ظعن ẓu‘un, اظعان aẓ‘ān camel-borne sedan chair for women; a woman in such a sedan

ظاعن ẓā‘in ephemeral, transient, transitory

ظفر ẓafira a (ẓafar) to be successful, succeed, be victorious, be triumphant; to gain a victory (على or ب over), conquer, vanquish, defeat, overcome, surmount, overwhelm (على or ب s.o., s.th.), get the better (على or ب of s.o., of s.th.); to seize (على or ب s.o., s.th.), take posession (على or ب of s.o., of s.th.); to get, obtain, attain, achieve, gain, win (على or ب s.th.) II to grant victory (على or ب ه to s.o. over), make (ه s.o.) triumph, render (ه s.o.) victorious (على or ب over) IV = II; VI to ally, enter into an alliance or confederacy, join forces (على against)

ظفر ẓufur, ẓufr, ẓifr pl. اظفار aẓfār, اظافر aẓāfir2, اظافير aẓāfīr2 nail, fingernail; toenail; claw, talon | من (منذ) نعومة اظفاره from (the days of) his earliest youth, since his earliest youth or adolescence; ناعم الظفر youthful, of tender age

ظفر ẓafar victory, triumph

ظفر ẓafir victorious, successful, triumphant; (pl. ظفران ) young man, youth (ḥij.)

اظفور uẓfūr pl. اظافير aẓāfīr2 nail, fingernail, toenail; claw, talon

ظافر ẓāfir victorious, triumphant; successful; victor, conqueror

مظفر muẓaffar victorious, successful, triumphant

ظل ẓalla (1st pers. perf. ẓaliltu) a (ẓall. ظلول ẓulūl) to be; to become, turn into, grow into; (with foll. imperf., participle or على :) to continue to do s.th., go on doing s.th., persevere in doing s.th.,

stick to s.th., remain, persist in, e.g., ظل يسكن البيت (yaskunu l-baita) he continued to live in the house; ظل صامتا he remained silent, persisted in his silence; ظل على موقف (mauqif) to persist in a standpoint or attitude II to shade, overshadow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), cast a shadow (هـ, ه over s.o., over s.th.); to screen, shelter, protect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, maintain, keep up

(هـ s.th.) IV = II; V to be shaded (ب by), sit in the shadow (ب of) X = V; to protect o.s. from the sun (ب by or through s.th.), hide in the shadow (ب of s.th.), seek the shadow (ب of s.th.); to place s.o. under the protection or patronage of s.o. (ب ), seek shelter or refuge with s.o. (ب ), be under the patronage or protection of s.o. (ب )

ظل ẓill pl. ظلال ẓilāl, ظلول ẓulūl, اظلال aẓlāl shadow, shade, umbra; shelter, protection, patronage; shading, hub; slightest indication, semblance, trace, glimpse (of s.th.); tangent (geom.) | في ظل (with foll. genit.) under the protection or patronage of, under the auspices of; under the sovereignty of; تحت ظل under the protection or patronage of, under the auspices of; ثقيل الظل insufferable, repugnant (of a person); خفيف الظل likable, nice (of a person); استثقل ظله (istatqala) to dislike s.o., find s.o. in sufferable, unbearable, a bore; تقلص (قلص) ظله taqallaṣa ẓilluhū his prestige or authority faded, diminished; it decreased, diminished, dwindled away, waned

ظلة ẓulla pl. ظلل ẓulal awning. marquee, canopy, sheltering hut or tent, shelter; shack, shanty; kiosk, stall; beach chair

ظليل ẓalīl shady, shaded, umbrageous

مظلة miẓalla, maẓalla pl. -āt, مظال umbrella, parasol, sunshade; lamp shade; awning; O veranda, porch | عيد المظلة ‘īd al-m. Feast of Tabernacles, Sukkoth (Jud.); مظلة واقية (wāqiya) parachute; مظلة هابطة do.; جندي المظلة jundī al-m. pl. جنود المظلات (المظلة ) paratrooper

مظلى miẓallī pl. -ūn paratrooper; pl. paratroops, airborne troops

مظلل muẓallil shady, shadowy, umbrageous, shading, causing shadow

مظل muẓill shady, shadowy, umbrageous, shading, causing shadow

ظلع ẓala‘a a (ẓal‘) to limp, walk with a limp, walk lamely

ظلع ẓali‘ lame

ظلف ẓilf pl. ظلوف ẓulūf, اظلاف cloven hoof

ظلم ẓalama i (ẓalm, ẓulm) to do wrong or evil; to wrong, treat unjustly, ill-treat, oppress, beset, harm, suppress, tyrannize (ه s.o.), commit outrage (ه upon s.o.); to act the tyrant, act tyrannically (ه toward or against s.o.); -- ẓalima a and IV to be or grow dark, dusky, gloomy, murky, tenebrous, darken, darkle V to complain (من of, about) VII and VIII اظلم iẓẓalama to suffer injustice, be wronged

ظلم ẓulm wrong; iniquity; injustice, inequity, unfairness; oppression, repression, suppression, tyranny; ظلما ẓulman unjustly, wrongfully

ظلمة ẓulma pl. -āt, ẓulumāt, ẓulamāt, ظلم ẓulam darkness, duskiness, gloom, murkiness | بحر الظلمات baḥr aẓ-ẓ. the Atlantic Ocean

ظلماء ẓalmā’2 darkness | ليلة ظلماء (laila) pitch-dark night

ظلام ẓalām darkness, duskiness, gloom, murkiness

ظلام ẓalām evildoer, villain, malefactor, rogue, scoundrel, tyrant, oppressor

ظليم ẓalīm pl. ظلمان ẓilmān male ostrich

ظلامة ẓulāma pl. -āt misdeed, wrong, iniquity, injustice, outrage

ظلامة aẓlam2 darker, duskier, gloomier, murkier; a viler, more infamous, more heinous villain

مظلمة maẓlima pl. مظالم maẓālim2 misdeed, wrong, iniquity. act of injustice, outrage

اظلام iẓlām darkness, gloom

ظالم ẓālim pl. -ūn, ظلام ẓullām, ظلمة ẓalama unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical, oppressing; tyrant, oppressor; offender, transgressor, sinner

مظلوم maẓlūm wronged, ill-treated, unjustly treated, tyrannized

مظلم muẓlim dark, dusky, gloomy, tenebrous, murky

ظمئ ẓami’a a (ظمأ ẓama’, ظماء ẓamā’, ظماءة ẓamā’a) to thirst, be thirsty II to make (ه s.o.) thirst

ظمء ẓim’, ظمأ and ظماء ẓamā’ thirst

ظمآن ẓam’ān, f. ظمأى ẓam’ā thirsty

ظامئ ẓāmi’ thirsty

ظن ẓanna (1st pers. perf. ẓanantu) u (ẓann) to think, believe, assume, presume, suppose (هـ s.th.); to bold, think, deem, consider (هـ or ه ه s.o. to be s.o. or s.th.; هـ هـ s.th. to be s.th.); to suspect (ب or ه s.o.) | ظنه يفعل to think s.o. capable of doing s.th., believe of s.o. that he would do s.th.; لا اظن احدا ينكر (aḥadan yunkiru) I don’t think that anyone can deny; لا اظنك تخالفني (tukālifunī) I don’t believe that you can contradict me; ظن فيه القدرة على (qudrata) he considered him capable of ...; ظن به الظنون (ẓunūna) to think ill of s.o., have a low opinion of s.o.; ظن به الغباء (gabā’a) to suspect s.o. of stupidity IV to suspect (ه s.o.) V to surmise, form conjectures

ظن ẓann pl. ظنون ẓunūn opinion, idea, assumption, view, belief, supposition; doubt, uncertainty | حسن الظن ḥusn aẓ-ẓ. good opinion; سوء الظن sū’ aẓ-ẓ. low opinion, distrust; في اغلب الظن or في اكثر الظن

most probably, most likely; اكثر الظن ان it is very likely that ...; ظنا منه ان (ẓannan) since he believed that ...; ما ظنك ب (ẓannuka) what is one to think of ...; حسن ظنه ب (ḥasuna ẓannuhū) to have a good opinion of s.o., think well of s.o.; احسن الظن ب (aḥsana ẓ-ẓanna) do.; ساء به ظنا to have a low opinion of s.o., think ill of s.o.; اساء الظن ب (asā’a) do.

ظني ẓannī resting on mere assumption, presumptive, supposed, hypothetical

ظنة ẓinna pl. ظنن ẓinan suspicion, misgiving

ظنين ẓanīn suspicious, suspect(ed); unreliable, untrustworthy (على with regard to); a suspect

ظنون ẓanūn suspicious, distrustful

مظنة maẓinna pl. مظان maẓānn2 time or place where one expects s.th.; (with foll. genit. or suffix) place where s.th. or s.o. is presumably to be found, its most likely location, the most likely place for it (or him) to be; suspicion, misgiving | التمسته في مظانه I looked for him where I expected to find him, where he presumably was; في غير مظانه in places where he couldn’t possibly be

مظنون maẓnūn supposed, presumed, assumed; suspicious, suspect(ed)

ظنبوب ẓanbūb pl. ظنابيب ẓanābīb2 shinbone

ظهر ẓahara a (ظهور ẓuhūr) to be or become visible, perceptible, distinct, manifest, clear, apparent, evident, obvious (ل to s.o.), come to light, appear, manifest itself, come into view, show, emerge, crop up; to appear, seem (ل to s.o.); to break out (disease); to come out; to appear, be published (book, periodical); to arise, result (من from); to ascend, climb, mount (هـ s.th.); to gain the upperhand, to triumph (على over), get the better (على of), overcome, overwhelm, conquer, vanquish (على s.o.); to get (على s.th.) into one’s power; to gain or have knowledge (على of), come to know (على s.th.), become acquainted (على with); to know (على s.th.); to learn, receive information (على about); to be cognizant (على of); to learn (على s.th.) II to endorse (هـ a bill of exchange) III to help, assist, aid, support (ه s.o.) IV to make visible, make apparent, show, demonstrate, present, produce, bring to light, expose, disclose, divulge, reveal, manifest, announce, proclaim, make known, expound, set forth (هـ s.th.); to develop (هـ film; phot.); to grant victory (على ه to s.o. over), render victorious (على ه s.o. over); to acquaint (على ه s.o. with s.th.), initiate (على ه s.o. into s.th.), give knowledge or information (على ه to s.o. about), inform, enlighten (على ه s.o. about), explain (على ه to s.o. s.th.); to let (ه s.o.) in on s.th. (على ), make (ه s.o.) realize (على s.th.); to show, reveal (على ه to s.o. s.th.); to articulate fully VI to manifest, display, show outwardly, exhibit, parade (ب s.th.); to feign, affect, pretend, simulate, (ب s.th.), act as if, make out as if (ب ); to demonstrate, make a public demonstration; to help one another, make common cause (على against) X to show, demonstrate, expose (هـ s.th.); to memorize, learn by heart (هـ s.th.); to know by heart (هـ s.th.); to seek help, assistance, or support (ب with), appeal for help, for assistance (ب to س .o.); to overcome, surmount, conquer, vanquish (على s.o., s.th.), have or gain the upperhand (على over), get the better (على of)

ظهر ẓahr cast iron | ظهر الحديد and حديد الظهر see زهر

ظهر ẓahr pl. ظهور ẓuhūr, اظهر aẓhur back; rear, rear part, rear aide, reverse; flyleaf; deck (of a steamer); upper part, top, surface; ظهورات ẓuhūrāt (as a genit.; eg.) pro tempore, provisional, temporary | سلسلة الظهر silsilat aẓ-ẓ. spine, vertebral column; ظهرا لبطن ẓahran li-baṭnin upside down, topsy-turvy; ظهرا على عقب (‘aqib) from the ground up, radically, entirely, completely; بظهر الغيب bi-ẓ. il-gaib behind s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously; secretly, stealthily, clandestinely; بين اظهرهم in their midst, among them; من بين اظهرنا from our midst, from among us; على ظهر on (e.g., on the ground, on the water. etc.), على ظهر الباخرة on board the steamer; عن ظهر القلب (ẓ. al-qalb), عن ظهر قلب (ẓ. qalbin) or عن ظهر الغيب (ẓ. il-gaib) by heart; مستخدم ظهورات (mustakdam) temporary employee

ظهر ẓuhr pl. اظهار aẓhār noon, midday; (f.) midday prayer (Isl. Law) | بعد الظهر in the afternoon, p.m.; قبل الظهر in the forenoon, a.m.

ظهري ẓihrī: نبذه (طرحه) ظهريا to pay no attention to s.th., not to care about s.th. disregard s.th.

ظهير ẓahīr helper, assistant, aid, supporter; partisan, backer; back (in soccer); (mor.) decree, edict, ordinance

ظهور ẓuḥūr appearance; visibility, conspicuousness; pomp, splendor, show, ostentation, window-dressing | حب الظهور ḥubb aẓ-ẓ. ostentatiousness, love of pomp; عيد الظهور ‘īd aẓ-ẓ. Epiphany (Chr.)

الظهران aẓ-ẓahrān Dhahran (town in extensive oil region of E Saudi Arabia)

بين ظهرانيهم baina ẓahrānaihim in their midst, among them

ظهارة ẓahāra outside, right side (of a garment); blanket (e.g., of a mule)

ظهيرة ẓahīra noon, midday, midday heat

اظهر aẓhar2 more distinct, more manifest, clearer

مظهر maẓhar pl. مظاهر maẓāhir2 (external) appearance, external make-up, guise; outward bearing, comportment, conduct, behavior; exterior, look(s), sight, view; semblance, aspect; bearer or object of a phenomenon, object in which s.th. manifests itself; phenomenon; symptom (med.); pl. manifestations, expressions | مظاهر الحياة m. al-ḥayāh manifestations of life (biol.); في المظهر externally, in outward appearance, outwardly

تظهير taẓhīr endorsement, transfer by endorsement (of a bill of exchange; com.)

ظهار ẓihār pre-Islamic form of divorce, consisting in the words of repudiation: you are to me like my mother’s back (انت علي كظهر امي anti 'alayya ka-ẓahri ummī)

مظاهرة muẓāhara assistance, support, backing; (pl. -āt) (public) demonstration, rally

اظهار iẓhār presentation, exposition, demonstration, exhibition, disclosure, exposure, revelation, announcement, declaration, manifestation, display; developing (phot.)

تظاهر taẓāhur dissimulation, feigning, pretending, pretension; hypocrisy, dissemblance; (pl. -āt) (public) demonstration, rally

ظاهر ẓāhir (of God) mastering, knowing (على s.th.); visible, perceptible, distinct, manifest, obvious, conspicuous, clear, patent, evident, apparent; external, exterior, outward; seeming, presumed, ostensible, alleged; outside, exterior, surface; outskirts, periphery (of a city); (gram.) substantive; (pl. ظواهر ẓawāhir2) external sense, literal meaning (specif., of Koran and Prophetic Tradition); ظاهرا ẓāhiran externally, outwardly; seemingly, presumedly, ostensibly, allegedly | ظاهر اللفظ ẓ. al-lafẓ the literal meaning of an expression; الظاهر ان it seems, it appears that ...; حسب الظاهر ḥasaba ẓ-ẓ. in outward appearance, externally, outwardly; في الظاهر apparently, obviously, evidently; في الظاهر and في ظاهر الأمر (ẓ. il-amr) seen outwardly, externally; outwardly; من الظاهر from outside

ظاهري ẓāhirī outer, outside, external, exterior, outward; superficial; Zahiritic, interpreting the Koran according to its literal meaning

ظاهرة ẓāhira pl. ظواهر ẓawāhir2 phenomenon, outward sign or token, external symptom or indication | ظواهر الحياة ẓ. al-ḥayāh biological phenomena (biol.); علم الظواهر الجوية ‘ilm aẓ-ẓ. al-gawwīya meteorology; ستر الظواهر (ẓawāhira) to keep up appearances

متظاهر mutaẓāhir pl. -ūn demonstrator

ظاء ẓā’ name of the letter ظ

ع

عب ‘abba u (‘abb) to drink in large draughts, gulp down (هـ s.th.); to pour down, toss down (ه a drink); to lap up, drink avidly (هـ s.th.)

عب ‘ubb, ‘ibb breast pocket

عباب ‘ubāb f. torrents, floods; waves, billows

يعبوب ya‘būb torrential river

عبأ ‘aba’a a with negation; ما عبأ ب not to care about, not to give a hoot for, pay no attention to, attach no importance to, not to insist on | لا يعبأ به (yu‘ba’u) unimportant, insignificant; غير عابئ indifferent, unconcerned II to prepare, arrange (هـ s.th.); to array, set up (هـ s.th.); to mobilize, call up (جيشا jaišan an army); to fill, pack (ب هـ s.th. with); to load, charge (ب هـ s.th. with); to draw off, decant (في هـ s.th. into), bottle (هـ s.th.)

عبء ‘ib’ pl. اعباء a‘bā’ load, burden (على on), encumbrance (على to) | عبء الإثبات ‘i. al-itbāt burden of proof (jur.); نهض or قام الأعباء كلها to take all burdens upon o.s., carry all burdens

عباء ‘abā’ pl. اعبئة a‘bi’a aba, cloak-like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)

عباءة ‘abā’a pl. -āt aba, a cloak-like, woolen wrap (occasionally striped)

تعبئة ta‘bi’a mobilization; drafting, conscription; filling, drawing off, bottling

عابئ ‘ābi’ see under verb I

عبث ‘abita a (‘abat) to fool around, indulge in horseplay, commit a folly; to play, joke, jest (ب with); to toy, play a frivolous game (ب with), mock (ب s.o., s.th.); to play (absent-mindedly), fidget, fuas, dawdle, fiddle (ب with s.th., e.g., while talking); to handle, manipulate (ب s.th.), tinker (ب with); to abuse (ب s.th.); to commit an offense (ب against), violate (ب s.th.), infringe, encroach (ب upon); to impair, injure (ب s.th.) III to amuse o.s., make fun, play around, banter, dally (ه with s.o.), tease (ه s.o.), play a trick, prank or joke (ه on s.o.)

عبث ‘abat (frivolous) play; pastime, amusement; joke, jest; mockery; عبثا ‘abatan in vain, futilely, to no avail,

Uselessly, fruitlessly | من العبث ان it is foolish and useless to ...; ولكن عبثا استطاع ان يجيبه (iataṭā‘a, yujībahū) but he couldn’t give him an answer

عبث mu‘ābata pl.-āt teasing, joke or prank played on s.o.; funmaking, jesting, banter, raillery

عابث ‘ābit joking, jocular; mocking, scornful; frivolous; wanton, wicked, outrageous; offender, transgressor, evildoer, sinner

1 عبد ‘abada u (عبادة ‘ibada, عبودة ‘ubūda, عبودية ‘ubādīya) to serve, worship (ه a god), adore, venerate (ه s.o., a god or human being), idolize, deify (ه s.o.) II to enslave, enthrall, subjugate, subject (ه s.o.); to improve, develop, make serviceable, make passable for traffic (هـ a road) V to devote o.s. to the service of God X to enslave, enthrall, subjugate (ه s.o.)

عبد ‘abd pl. عبيد ‘abād, عبدان ‘ubdān, ‘ibdān slave, serf; bondsman, servant; -- (pl. عباد ‘ibad) servant (of God), human being, man; العباد humanity, mankind | العبد لله = I (form of modesty); العبد الضعيف do.

عبد اللاوي, عبدلاوي ‘abdallāwī (eg.) a variety of melon

عبدة ‘abda pl. -āt woman slave, slave girl, bondwoman

عباد ‘abbād: عباد الشمس and عبادة الشمس ‘a. aš-šams sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

عبادة ‘ibāda worship, adoration, veneration; devotional service, divine service (Chr.); pl. -āt acts of devotion, religious observances (Isl. Law)

عبودة ‘ubūda humble veneration, homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serf-dom; servitude, bondage

عبودية ‘ubūdīya humble veneration, homage, adoration, worship; slavery, serfdom; servitude, bondage

معبد ma‘bad pl. معابد ma‘ābid2 place of worship; house of God, temple

تعبيد ta‘bīd enslavement, enthrallment, subjugation, subjection; paving, pavement | تعبيد الطرق t. aṭ-ṭuruq road construction

تعبد ta‘abbud piety, devoutness, devotion, worship; hagiolatry, worship or cult of saints (Chr.)

استعباد isti‘bād enslavement, enthrallment, subjugation

عابد ‘ābid pl. -ūn, عباد ‘ibād, عبدة ‘abada worshiper, adorer,

معبود ma‘būd worshiped, adored; deity, godhead; idol

معبودة ma‘būda ladylove, adored woman

معبد ma‘bad passable, smooth, improved (road)

متعبد muta‘abbid pious, devout; pious worshiper (Chr.)

عبدان ‘abadān2 Abadan (island and town in W Iran, oil center)

عبر ‘abara u (‘abr, عبور ‘ubūr) to cross, traverse (هـ s.th.); to ford (هـ s.th.), wade (هـ through s.th.); to swim (هـ s.th. or across s.th.); to pass (هـ over s.th.); to ferry (هـ a river, and the like); عبر به هـ to carry s.o. across or over s.th.; to pass, elapse (time), fade, dwindle; to pass away, die, depart; -- ‘abira (‘abar) to shed tears II to interpret (هـ a dream); to state clearly, declare, assert, utter, express, voice (عن s.th.), give expression (عن to a feeling); to designate (عن ب s.th. with or by); to determine the weight of a coin (هـ ), weigh (هـ a coin) VIII to be taught a lesson, be warned; to learn a lesson, take warning, to learn, take an example (ب from); to consider, weigh, take into account or consideration (هـ s.th.), allow, make allowances (هـ for s.th.); to acknowledge a quality (هـ ) in s.o. (ل ); to deem, regard, take (هـ هـ, ه s.o. s.th. as), look (هـ هـ, ه at s.th. as); to esteem, honor, revere, value, respect, hold in esteem (ه s.o.), have regard (ه for s.o.) | to shed tears, weep

عبر ‘abr crossing, traversing, transit; passage; fording; ‘abra (prep.) across, over; beyond, on the other side of

عبور ‘ubūr crossing, traversing, transit; passage; fording

عبير ‘abīr fragrance, scent, perfume, aroma; bouquet (of wine)

عبري ‘ibrī Hebrew, Hebraic; (pl. -ūn) a Hebrew; العبري or العبرية Hebrew, the Hebrew language

عبرة ’abra pl. ’abarāt, عبر ‘ibar tear

عبرة ‘ibra pl. عبر ‘ibar admonition, monition, warning; (warning or deterring) example, lesson, advice, rule, precept (to be followed); consideration befitting s.th.; that which has to be considered, be taken into consideration or account, that which is of consequence, of importance, s.th. decisive or consequential | موطن العبرة mauṭin al-‘i. the salient point, the crucial point; لا عبرة به (‘ibrata) it deserves no attention, it is of no consequence; في or العبرة ب the crucial factor(s) is (are) ..., decisive is (are) ...; لا عبرة لمن (li-man) it is of no consequence if s.o. …

عبارة ‘ibāra pl. -āt explanation, interpretation; mode of expression, diction; word; sentence, clause, phrase, idiom, expression | بعبارة اخرى (ukrā) in other words, expressed otherwise; عبارة فعبارة ‘ibāratan fa-‘ibāratan sentence by sentence, word by word; عبارة عن consisting in; tantamount to, equivalent to, meaning ...

عبراني ‘ibrānī Hebrew, Hebraic; a Hebrew; العبراني or العبرانية Hebrew, the Hebrew language

معبر ma‘bar pl. معابر ma‘ābir2 crossing point, crossing, traverse, passage(way); ford; pass, pass road, defile; O lobby

معبر mi‘bar pl. معابر ma‘ābir2 medium for crossing, ferry, ferryboat; bridge

تعبير ta‘bīr interpretation (of a dream); assertion, declaration, expression, utterance (عن of a feeling); (pl. -āt) expression (in general, also artistic); (pl. – تعابير ta‘ābīr2) (linguistic) expression, phrase, term | بتعبير آخر (ākar) in other words, expressed otherwise

تعبيري ta‘bīrī expressional, expressive, emotive

اعتبار i‘tibār respect, regard, deference, esteem; (pl. -āt) consideration, regard; reflection, contemplation; approach, outlook, point of view, view | اعتبارا ل (ب ) (itibāran) with respect to, with regard to, in consideration of, considering in view of (s.th.); اعتبارا من from, as of, beginning ..., starting with ..., effective from (with foll. indication of time); باعتبار الشيء with respect to, with regard to, in consideration of, considering in view of (s.th.); باعتبار ان bi-‘tibāri an considering (the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ..., in view of the fact that ...; provided that ..., with the proviso that ...; باعتباره as, in terms of, in the opacity of, e.g., وزير الخارجية باعتباره اقدم الوزراء (aqdama l-wuzarā’i) the Foreign Minister in his capacity of senior-ranking minister; بهذا الاعتبار from this standpoint, from this viewpoint; على اعتبار ان considering (the fact) that ..., with regard to the fact that ..., in view of the fact that ...; on the assumption that ...; على هذا الاعتبار from this standpoint, from this viewpoint; في كل اعتبار in every respect; اعتبارا او حقيقة (ḥaqīqatan) from a subjective point of view or in reality

اعتباري i‘tibārī based on a subjective approach or outlook; relative | شخصية اعتبارية (šakṣīya) legal person (jur.)

عابر ‘ābir passing; crossing, traversing, etc. (see I); fleeting (smile); transient, transitory, ephemeral; bygone, past, elapsed (time); (pl. -ūn) passerby | O صاروخ عابر القارات intercontinental ballistic missile, ICBM

معبر mu‘abbir interpreter (عن of feelings); expressive, significant | رقص معبر (raqṣ) interpretative dancing

عبرود (ḥiعلى ) musket, gun

عبس ‘abasa i (‘abs, عبوس ‘ubs) to frown, knit one’s brows; to glower, lower, scowl, look sternly | عبس في وجهه to give s.o. an angry look, scowl at s.o. II = I

عبوس ‘abūs frowning, scowling; gloomy, dismal, melancholy; stern, austere; ominous

عبوس ‘ubūs gloominess, gloom, dreariness; sternness, austerity, severity, gravity

عبوسة ‘ubūsa frown, scowl; glower, gloomy look, a gloomy, morose, sullen or stern mien

عباسي ‘abbāsī Abbaside; (pl. -ūn) an Abbaside

عابس ‘ābis frowning, scowling; gloomy, morose, sullen; austere, stern, severe

عبيط ‘abīṭ pl. عبطاء ‘ubaṭā’2 stupid, imbecile, idiotic, silly, foolish

اعتباطا i‘tibāṭan at random, haphazardly, arbitrarily

عبق ‘abiqa a (‘abaq) to cling (ب to), linger (ب on, of ascent); to be fragrant, exhale fragrance; to be filled, be redolent (ب with a scent, etc.)

عبق ‘abiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling fragrance

عبقة ‘abqa pressure (on the chest), feeling of suffocation

عابق ‘ābiq fragrant, redolent, exhaling fragrance

عبقر ‘abqar legendary place inhabited by jinn; fairyland, wonderland

عبقري ‘abqarī multicolored, colorful carpet; ingenious, genial; (pl. -ūn, عباقرة ‘abāqira) ingenious person, genius

عبقرية ‘abqarīya ingenuity, genius

عبك ‘abak camlet (woolen fabric)

عبل 'abl pl. عبال ‘ibāl plump, well rounded, chubby, fat (e.g., arms)

عبال ‘abāl (coll.; n. un. ة ) a variety of wild rose, eglantine

اعبل a‘bal granite

عبو II = عبأ II; to fill, pack (ب هـ s.th. with); to load, charge (ب هـ s.th. with)

عبوة ‘ubūwa pl. -āt package, pack (of an article, of a commodity); container with its contents

عباية ‘abāya = عباءة ‘abā’a q.v.

عتب ‘ataba i u (‘atb, معتب ma‘tab) to blame, censure, reprove, scold (على s.o.); -- عتب بابه ‘ataba bābahū to cross the threshold of s.o. II to hesitate, be slow, be tardy III to blame, censure, reprove, scold (على ه s.o. for)

عتب ‘atb censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand

عتبة ‘ataba pl. عتب ‘atab, اعتاب a‘tāb doorstep, threshold; (door) lintel, also العتبة العليا (‘ulyā); step, stair | الأعتاب السنية (sanīya) (formerly:) His Highness the Bey (Tun.); رفعه لأعتاب الملك rafa‘ahū li-a. l-malik to present s.th. (e.g., a gift) most obediently to the king

عتاب ‘itāb censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand

معاتبة mu‘ātaba censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand

عتد ‘atuda u (عتاد ‘atād) to be ready, be prepared IV to prepare, ready, make ready (هـ s.th.)

عتاد ‘atād pl. اعتد a’tud, اعتدة a‘tida equipment; (war) material, matériel, ammunition | عتاد حربي (ḥarbī) war material, materiel, ammunition

عتيد ‘atīd ready, prepared; future, forthcoming; venerable; solemn

معتر mu‘attar (< معثر ) slovenly, floppy; stupid; unfortunate

عتق ‘atuqa u (عتاقة ‘atāqa) and ‘ataqa i (‘atq, ‘itq) to grow old, age; to mature, mellow (wine); -- ‘ataqa i to be emancipated, be free (slave) IV to free, set free, release, emancipate, manumit (ه s.o., esp. a slave) VII to free o.s., rid o.s. (من of)

عتق ‘itq age, vintage (esp. of wine); liberty (as opposed to slavery); emancipation, freeing, manumission (of a slave)

عتيق ‘atīq old, ancient, antique; matured, mellowed, aged (wine); of ancient tradition, long-standing; antiquated, outmoded, obsolete; free, emancipated (slave); noble | عتيق الطراز old-fashioned

عتاقة ‘atāqa age, vintage (esp. of wine)

اعتاق i‘tāq freeing, liberation, manumission (of a slave)

عاتق ‘ātiq pl. عواتق ‘awātiq2 shoulder | اخذه على عاتقه (akadahū) to take s.th. upon o.s., take over, assume s.th; القى المسؤولية على عاتقه (alqā l-mas’ūliyata) to place the responsibility on s.o.; وقع على عاتق فلان to be at s.o.’s expense, fall to s.o.

معتق mu‘attaq mellowed, matured (wine); old, ancient

معتق mu‘tiq emancipator, liberator, manumitter (of slaves)

عتك ‘ataka i to attack

عاتك ‘atik clear, pure, limpid (esp. wine)

عتل ‘atala u i (‘atl) to carry (هـ s.th.)

عتال ‘attāl porter, carrier

عتلة ‘atala pl. عتل ‘atal crowbar

عتالة ‘itāla porter’s or carrier’s trade; porterage

عتم ‘atama i (‘atm) to hesitate II to darken, obscure, cloud, black out (هـ s.th.); to hesitate (esp. with neg.) | لا يعتم ان, ما عتم ان, لم يعتم ان it does not (did not) take long until …, before long ..., presently IV to hesitate, waver

عتم (coll.; n. un. ة ) wild olive tree

عتمة ‘atma dark, gloom, darkness

عتمة ‘atama first third of the night

عتامة ‘atāma opacity, opaqueness; (pl. -āt) darkness

تعتيم ta‘tīm darkening, obscuring, clouding

معتم mu‘tim dark

عته pass. ‘utiha (‘uth, ‘atah, عتاهة ‘atāha) to be or become· idiotic, imbecile, dimwitted, feeble-minded, demented, insane, mad, crazy

عته ‘uth, ‘atah idiocy, imbecility dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness

عتاهة ‘atāha idiocy, imbecility, dimwittedness, feeble-mindedness

معتوه ma‘tūh pl. معاتيه ma‘ātīh2 idiotic, insane, mad, crazy; idiot, lunatic, imbecile, demented person, insane person

(عتو and عتي) عتا ‘atā u (عتو ‘utūw, عتي ‘utīy, ‘itīy) to be insolent, refractory, recalcitrant, unruly; to be violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious, raging (e.g., storms) V do.

عتو ‘utūw presumption, haughtiness, insolence, impertinence, arrogance; recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, ferocity

عتي ‘utīy presumption, haughtiness insolence, impertinence, arrogUC8; recalcitrance, unruliness, wildness, ferocity | بلغ من العمر عتيا (‘umr) to attain great age; to be far advanced in years

عتي ‘atīy pl. اعتاء a‘tā’ haughty, impertinent, insolent; recalcitrant, refractory, unruly, intractable, wild

عات ‘ātin pl. عتاة ‘utāh presumptuous, impudent, impertinent, insolent, arrogant; violent, fierce, strong, wild, furious, raging (storm)

عث ‘utt (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. عثث ‘utat moth worm, moth larva; moth

معثوث ma‘tūt moth-ridden, fall of moths, moth-eaten

عثر ‘atara u i (‘atr, عثير ‘atīr, عثار ‘itār) to stumble, trip; عثر به to trip s.o., make s.o. stumble, make s.o. fall, fell s.o., topple s.o.; -- ‘atara u (عثور ‘utūr) to come (ب or على scroll), hit, light, strike, stumble (ب or على upon), find, discover, detect (ب or على s.o. s.th.) II to cause (ه s.o.) to stumble, trip (ه s.o.), make (ه s.o.) fall, topple (ه s.o.) IV = II; to acquaint (على ه s.o. with s.th.); to lead (على ه s.o. to s.th.) V to stumble, trip; to stutter, stammer, speak brokenly | تعثر بأذيال الخيبة (bi-adyāl l-kaiba) to fail, meet with failure

عثرة ‘atra pl. ‘atarāt stumbling, tripping; false step, slip, fall | حجر عثرة ḥajar ‘a. stumbling block; وقف عثرة في سبيله (‘atratan) to be a stumbling block for s.o., obstruct s.o.’s way

عثور ‘atūr discovery, detection (على of)

عثير ‘ityar dust, fine sand

عاثور ‘ātūr pl. عواثير ‘awātīr2 pitfall; difficulty

متعثر muta‘attir stumbling, tripping; speaking (a foreign language) brokenly; broken (of a foreign language)

عثماني ‘utmānī Ottoman; (adj. and n.)

عثنون ‘utnūn pl. عثانين ‘atānīn2 beard

عثو ) and عثي) عثا ‘atā u (عثو ‘utūw), عثى ‘atā a i (‘utīy, ‘itīy) to act wickedly, do harm, cause mischief

عج ‘ajja i (‘ajj, عجيج ‘ajīj) to cry, yell, roar; to cry out for help (الى to); to rage, roar; to thunder, resound (ب with); to swarm, teem (ب with) II to raise, swirl up (الغبار al-gubāra the dust; of the wind)

عج ‘ajj crying, yelling; clamor, roar

عجة ‘ujja omelet

عجيج ‘ajīj crying, yelling; clamor, roar

عجاج ‘ajāj (swirling) dust; smoke

عجاجة ‘ajāja pl. -āt cloud of dust; billow of smoke

عجاج ‘ajjāj crying, yelling, clamoring, roaring, boisterous, vociferous; raging (esp. sea)

عجب ‘ajiba a (‘ajab) to wonder, marvel, be astonished, be amazed (ب or ل at, over) II to strike with wonder or astonishment, amaze, astonish, surprise (ه s.o.) IV = II; to please, delight (ه s.o.), appeal (ه to s.o.); -- pass. IV u‘jiba to admire (ب s.o., s.th.), have a high opinion (ب of); to be proud (ب of), be vain (ب about), glory (ب in) | اعجب بنفسه (u‘jiba) to be conceited, be vain V to wonder, marvel, be astonished, be amazed (من at, over) X = V

عجب ‘ujb pride (ب of, in), vanity (ب in), conceit

عجب ‘ajab astonishment, amazement; (pl. اعجاب a‘jāb) wonder, marvel; عجبا ‘ajaban how strange! how odd! How astonishing! how remarkable! يا للعجب yā la-l-‘ajab oh, how wonderful! لا عجب (‘ajaba) no wonder! امر عجب amrun ‘ajabun a wonderful, marvelous thing; عجب عجاب (ujāb) most prodigious happening, wonder of wonders

عجاب ‘ujāb wonderful, wondrous, marvelous, astonishing, amazing; see ‘ajab

عجيب ‘ajīb wonderful, wondrous, marvelous, admirable; astonishing, amazing, remarkable, strange, odd

عجيبة ‘ajība pl. عجائب ‘ajā’ib wondrous thing, unheard of thing, prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder; pl. remarkable things,

curiosities, oddities | من عجائب الأمر ان the remarkable thing about the matter is that ...

اعجب a’jab2 more wonderful, more marvelous; more astonishing, more remarkable

اعجوبة u‘jūba pl. اعاجيب a‘ājīb2 wondrous thing; unheard-of thing, prodigy, marvel, miracle, wonder

تعجيب ta‘jīb arousing of admiration (من for s.th.), boosting (من of s.th.), publicity (من for s.th.)

اعجاب i‘jāb admiration (ب for); pleasure, satisfaction, delight (ب in); acclaim; pride; self-complacency, conceit

تعجب ta‘ajjub astonishment, amazement

استعجاب isti‘jāb astonishment, amazement

معجب mu‘jib causing admiration, admirable

معجب mu‘jab admirer (ب of s.o., of s.th.); proud (ب of), vain (ب about) | معجب بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) conceited, vain

متعجب muta‘ajjib amazed, astonished

عجر ‘ajar outgrowth, protuberance, excrescence, projection

عجر ‘ajr (eg.) green, unripe

عجرة ‘ujra pl. عجر ‘ujar knot, knob, hump, protuberance, excrescence | عجره وبجره ‘ujaruhū wa-bujaruhū his (its) obvious and hidden shortcomings, all his (its) faults

عجور ‘aggūr (coll.; n. un. ة ) a variety of green melon, (eg.)

عجرف II ta‘ajrafa to be presumptuous, arrogant, haughty

عجرفة ‘ajrafa presumption, arrogance, haughtiness

عجز ‘ajaza i (‘ajz) and ‘ajiza a to be weak, lock strength, be incapable (عن of), be unable (عن to do s.th.); -- ‘ajaza u (عجوز ‘ujūz) and ‘ajuza u to age, grow old (woman) | ما عجز ان (‘ajaza, ‘ajiza) not to fail to II to weaken, debilitate, disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (ه s.o.) IV to weaken, debilitate, disable, incapacitate, hamstring, cripple, paralyze (. s.o.); to be impossible (ه for s.o.); to speak in an inimitable, or wonderful, manner | اعجزه عن الدب والمشي (dabb, mašy) to paralyze s.o.’s every move; اعجزه عن الفهم (fahm) to make comprehension impossible for s.o. X to deem (ه s.o.) incapable (عن of)

عجز ‘ajz weakness, incapacity, disability, failure, impotence (عن for, to do s.th.); deficit

عجز 'ajuz, ‘ajz pl. اعجاز a‘jāz backside, rump, posteriors | اعجاز النخل a. an-nakl stumps of palm trees; رد العجز على الصدرعجز (ṣadr) to bring the rear to the fore, i.e., to reverse conditions, make up for a deficiency

عجوز ‘ujūz old age

عجوز ‘ajūz pl. عجائز ‘ajā’iz2, عجز ‘ujuz old woman; old man; old, advanced in years

عجيزة ‘ajīza posteriors, buttocks (of a woman)

اعجز i‘jāz inimitability, wondrous nature (of the Koran)

عاجز ‘ājiz pl. عواجز ‘awājiz2 weak, feeble, powerless, impotent; incapable (عن of), unable (عن to do s.th.); -- (pl. عجزة ‘ajaza) physically weak; physically disabled; decrepit | اسعاف العجزة is‘āf al-‘a. care for the aged

معجز mu‘jiz miracle (esp. one performed by a prophet)

معجزة mu‘jiza pl. -āt miracle (esp. one performed by a prophet)

عجعج ‘aj‘aja to bellow, bawl, roar

عجعجة ‘aj‘aja clamor, roar, bellowing

اعجف a‘jaf 2, f. عجفاء ‘ajfā’2 pl. عجاف ‘ijāf slender, slim, svelte; lean, emaciated

عجل ‘ajila a (‘ajal, عجلة ‘ajala) to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to rush, hasten, hurry, come quickly (الى to) II to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to bring about quickly, hasten on (ب s.th.), bring or take quickly (ل ب s.th. to); to hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (ه s.o.), expedite, speed up, accelerate (ه s.th.); to pay in advance; to pay spot cash (هـ ل to s.o. for) III to hurry in order to catch up (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.), rush, hurry (هـ, ه after s.o., after s.th.); to catch up (ه with s.o.), overtake (ه s.o.; esp. death), descend swiftly (هـ, ه upon); to anticipate, forestall (ب ه s.o. in or with) IV to hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (ه s.o.) | اعجله الوقت عن (waqtu) the time was too short for him to V to hurry, hasten, speed, rush, be in a hurry; to seek to get ahead in a hurry; to hurry, rush, urge (الى ه s.o. to); to anticipate, forestall (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to be ahead (هـ of s.th.), precede (هـ e.g., events); to receive at once, without delay (هـ a sum), receive spot cash | تعجله الجواب (jawāba) to demand a quick reply from s.o. X to hurry, hasten, rush, speed, be in a hurry; to wish to expedite (هـ s.th.); to hurry, rush, urge, impel, drive (ه s.o.), expedite, speed up, accelerate (هـ s.th.)

عجل ‘ijl pl. عجول ‘ujūl, عجلة ‘ijala calf | عجل البحر ‘i. al-baḥr sea calf, seal

عجل ‘ajal hurry, haste | على عجل in a hurry, hurriedly, speedily, quickly, fast, rapidly

عجل ‘ajil quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid

عجلة ‘ajala hurry, haste; precipitance, precipitation

عجلة ‘ajala pl. -āt wheel; bicycle | O عجلة سيارة (sayyāra) motorcycle; عجلة القيادة steering wheel; O عجلة نارية (nārīya) motorcycle

عجيل ‘ajīl pl. عجال ‘ijāl quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid

عجول ‘ajūl pl. عجل ‘ujul quick, fast, swift, speedy, rapid; hasty, precipitate, rash

عجالة ‘ujāla work quickly thrown together, hastily prepared work, rush job; O sketch (lit.); quickly compiled report

عجلان ‘ajlān2, f. عجلى ‘ajlā, pl. عجالى ‘ajālā, عجال ‘ijāl quick, fast, swift, speedy, hurried, rapid, hasty, cursory

اعجل a‘jal2, f. عجلى ‘ujlā, pl. عجل ‘ujl quicker, faster; hastier; more cursory

تعجيل ta‘jīl speeding-up, expediting, acceleration

استعجال isti‘jāl hurry, haste; precipitance, precipitation | على وجه الاستعجال (wajhi l-ist.) expeditiously, speedily

استعجالي isti‘jālī speedy, expeditious; temporary, provisional

عاجل ‘ājil pertaining to this world, worldly; temporal; immediate; عاجلا ‘ājilan soon, presently, before long; at once, immediately, instantly | حكم عاجل (ḥukm) summary judgment (jur.); عاجلا او آجلا sooner or later; في العاجل والآجل now and in the future; في عاجله او آجله sooner or later; في القريب العاجل in the immediate future

عاجلة ‘ājila fast train, express train; العاجلة life in this world, temporal existence

معجل mu‘ajjal urgent, pressing; premature | معجل الرسم m. ar-rasm prepaid, postpaid (mail item); حكم بالنفاذ المعجل (ḥukm, nafād) summary judgment, sentence by summary proceedings (jur.)

دفع معجل dafa‘a mu‘ajjalan to pay in advance

متعجل muta‘ajjil hasty, rash, precipitate

مستعجل musta‘jil hurried, in a hurry

مستعجل musta‘jal expeditious, speedy; urgent, pressing; precipitate, premature | قاضي الأمور المستعجلة magistrate of summary justice

عجم ‘ajama u (‘ajm) to try, test, put to the test (ه s.o.) | عجم عوده (‘ūdahū) to try, test s.o., put s.o. to the test IV to provide (هـ a letter) with a diacritical point (with diacritical points) VII to be obscure, incomprehensible, unintelligible (على to s.o.; language) X to become un-Arabic

عجم ‘ajam (coll.) barbarians, non-Arabs; Persians; العجم or بلاد العجم Persia

عجم ‘ajam (coll.; n. un. ة ) stone, kernel, pit, pip, seed (of fruit)

عجمي ‘ajamī pl. اعجام a‘jām barbarian, non-Arab; Persian (adj. and n.)

عجمة ‘ajma barbarism, incorrectness (in speaking Arabic)

عجماء ‘ajmā’2 pl. عجموات ‘ajmawāt (dumb) beast

اعجم a‘jam2, f. عجماء ‘ajmā’2, pl. اعاجم a‘ājim2 speaking incorrect Arabic; dumb, speechless; barbarian, non-Arab, foreigner, alien; a Persian

اعجمي a‘jamī non-Arabic; non-Arab, foreigner, alien; a Persian

معجم mu‘jam incomprehensible, unintelligible, obscure (language, speech); dotted, provided with a diacritical point (letter); (pl. معاجم ma‘ājim2) dictionary, lexicon | حروف المعجم the letters of the alphabet

عجن ‘ajana i u (‘ajn) to knead (هـ s.th.); to soak (هـ s.th.) | لت وعجن في مسألة (latta, mas’ala) to bring up a problem time and again, harp on a question

عجان ‘ijān perineum (anat.)

عجان ‘ajjān, f. ة dough kneader

عجين ‘ajīn dough, batter, paste; pastes (such as noodles, vermicelli, spaghetti, etc.)

عجينة ‘ajīna a piece of dough; dough; soft mass, soggy mixture; pl. عجائن ‘ajā’in2 plastics

عجيني ‘ajīnī doughy, doughlike, pasty, paste-like

معجن mi‘jan pl. معاجن ma‘ājin2 kneading trough; kneading machine

معجون ma‘jūn pl. معاجين ma‘ājīn2 paste, cream (cosmet.); putty; electuary; majoon (confection made of hemp leaves, henbane, datura seeds, poppy seeds, honey and ghee, producing effects similar to those of hashish and opium) | معجون الأسنان tooth paste

معجنات mu‘ajjanāt (pot) pies, pasties

عجوة ‘ajwa pressed dates | اقراص عجوة a pastry made of rich dough with almonds and date paste (syr.)

عد ‘adda u (‘add) to count, number, reckon (هـ s.th., من .s.o. among); to enumerate (هـ s.th.); to compute, calculate (هـ s.th.); to regard (هـ هـ, ه s.o., s.th. as), look (هـ هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th. as), consider, think, deem (هـ هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to be s.th.); pass. ‘udda to be considered, go (هـ as s.th.), pass (هـ for s.th.); to amount (ب to) | عد الأنفاس عليه (to count s.o.’s breathing =) to watch closely over s.o., keep a sharp eye on s.o., watch s.o.’s every move; عد هـ على to put down, or charge, s.th. to s.o.’s disadvantage; لا يعد (yu‘addu) numberless, countless, innumerable II to count off, enumerate (هـ s.th.); to make numerous, multiply, compound (هـ s.th.) | عدد الميت (mayyita) to enumerate the merits of a dead person, eulogize s.o. IV to prepare (ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. for); to ready, make ready, get ready (ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. for); to prepare, finish, fit, fix up, adapt, adjust, dress, arrange, dispose, set up, make (ل ه

s.th. for), draw up, draft, work out (هـ e.g.. a report); to prepare (هـ one’s lesson) | اعد عدته ل (‘uddatahū) to make one’s preparations for, prepare o.s. for V to be or become numerous, be manifold, be multifarious, be multiple; to multiply, increase in number, proliferate, be compounded VIII to regard (هـ هـ, ه s.o., s.th. as), look (هـ هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th. as), consider, think, deem (هـ هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to be s.th.); to reckon (ب with), rely (ب upon); to put down (هـ, ب s.th., ل to s.o.’s credit, على to s.o.’s disadvantage); to hold (ب على against s.o. s.th.), take exception (ب على to s.o. because of s.th.); to provide o.s., equip o.s. (ب with); (of a woman) to observe the iddat, or legally prescribed period of waiting, before contracting a new marriage X to get ready, ready o.s.; to stand prepared, keep in readiness, stand by; to prepare o.s.; to be ready, willing, prepared (ل for, to do s.th.)

عد ‘add counting, count; enumeration, listing; computation, calculation

عدة ‘udda readiness, preparedness; -- (pl. عدد ‘udad) equipment, outfit; implement, instrument, tool; gadget, device, appliance, contrivance; rigging, tackle, sails; harness (of a horse) | أخذ (اعد) عدته ل (a‘adda) to make one’s preparations for, prepare o.s. for; s.th. أخذ عدة الشيء to make preparations for s.th.; عدة الساعة clockwork, watchwork

عدة ‘idda number; (attributively:) several, numerous, many, e.g., رجال عدة (‘iddatun) many men, عدة مرات ‘iddata marrātin several times; iddat, legally prescribed period of waiting during which a woman may not remarry after being widowed or divorced (Isl. Law)

عدد ‘adad pl. اعداد a‘dād number, numeral; figure, digit, cipher; quantity; number, issue (of a newspaper) | عدد خاص (kāṣṣ) special number, special issue (e.g., of a periodical)

عددي ‘adadī numerical, numeral, relative to a number or numbers

عديد ‘adīd (with foll. genit.) counted among or with; numerous; number; large quantity; equal) | عدد عديد (‘adad) enormous quantity, great multitude; هذا عديد ذاك this equals that

عداد ’adād pl. -āt counter, meter (for electricity, gas, etc.)

معداد mi‘dād pl. معاديد ma’ādīd2 abacus

تعداد ta‘dād counting, count; enumeration, listing; computation, calculation | تعداد الأنفس t. al-anfus census

عداد ‘idād number, quantity | لا عداد له (‘idāda) innumerable, countless; في عداد among, e.g., هو في عدادهم he is counted among them, he is one of them

اعداد i‘dād preparation, readying, arranging, setting up, making, drawing up, drafting

اعدادي i‘dadī preparatory | شهادة اعدادية (šahāda) certificate granted after completing four years of secondary school (eg.)

تعدد ta‘addud variety, diversity, multiplicity, plurality, great number, multitude | تعدد الآلهة polytheism; تعدد الزوجات t. az-zajāt polygamy

اعتداد i‘tidād confidence, reliance, trust (ب in) | الاعتداد بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) self-confidence, self-reliance

استعداد isti‘dād readiness, willingness, preparedness; (pl. -āt) inclination, tendency, disposition, propensity; predisposition (ل for a disease), susceptibility (ل to a disease); pl. conveniences, amenities, comfort | كان على استعداد ل to be prepared, be set for ...; to be ready, willing, inclined, in a position to ...

استعدادي isti‘dādī preparatory

معدود ma‘dūd countable, numerable, calculable; limited in number, little, few, a few, some

معددة mu‘addida (hired) female mourner

معد mu‘add destined, intended (ل for); ready, prepared (ل forو to do s.th.), willing (ل to do s.th.)

معدات mu‘addāt equipment, material, materiel, gear; appliances, devices, implements, gadgets) معدات حربية (عسكرية ) (ḥarbīya, ‘askarīya) war material; معدات الحريق m. al-ḥarīq fire-fighting equipment

متعدد muta‘addid manifold, multiple, plural, numerous, varied, variegated, various, diverse, different; multi-, many-, poly- (in compounds) متعدد الخلايا m. al-kalāya multicellular (biol.); متعدد النواحي m. an-nawāḥī multifarious, variegated, varied, manifold

مستعد musta‘idd prepared, ready (ل for); inclined, in a position (ل to, to do s.th.); predisposed (ل for), susceptible (ل to, esp. to a disease)

عدس ‘adas (coil.; n. un. ة ) lentil(s)

عدسة ‘adasa pl. -āt lens; magnifying glass; object lens, objective

عدسي ‘adasī lenticular

عدل ‘adala i (‘adl, عدالة ‘adāla) to act justly, equitably, with fairness | عدل بينهم to treat everyone with indiscriminate justice, not to discriminate between them; -- ‘adala i to be equal (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), be equivalent (هـ to s.th.), be on a par (هـ, ه with), be the equal (ه of s.o.), equal, match (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh (هـ s.th.); to make equal, equalize, level (ب ه s.o. with another), place (ه s.o.) on the same level or footing (ب with another); -- ‘adala i (عدول ‘udūl) to deviate, swerve, deflect, turn away (الى عن from -- toward); to digress, depart, refrain, desist, abstain, avert o.s., turn away (عن from), leave off, relinquish. abandon, renounce, disclaim, give up, forego, waive, drop (عن s.th.) | عدل به عن to make s.o. desist, abstain or turn away from; عدل ببصره الى (bi-baṣarihī) to let one’s eyes stray to or toward; -- ‘adula u (عدالة ‘adāla) to be just, fair, equitable II to straighten, make or put straight, set in order, array (هـ s.th.); to balance, right, rectify, put in order, straighten out, fix, settle, adjust (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) just; to adapt (هـ s.th.); to change, alter, commute, amend, modify, improve (هـ s.th.); to modulate (هـ current, waves; el.) III to be equal (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), be equivalent (هـ to s.th.), be on a par (هـ, ه with), be the equal (ه of s.o.), equal, match (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), counterbalance, outweigh (هـ s.th.); to equate, treat as equal (بين -- وبين two persons or things) IV to straighten, make or put straight (هـ s.th.) V to he changed, be altered, be commuted, be modified, undergo modification, change or alteration VI to be in a state of equilibrium, be balanced; to be equal, be on a par; to offset one another, strike a balance VIII to straighten (up), tense; to draw o.s. up, sit straight, sit up; to be straight, even, balanced; to be moderate, be temperate

عدل ‘adl straightness, straightforwardness; justice, impartiality; fairness, equitableness, probity, honesty, uprightness; equitable composition, just compromise; -- (pl. عدول ‘udūl) just, equitable, fair, upright, honest; person of good reputation, person with an honorable record (Isl. Law); juristic adjunct assigned to a cadi (Magr.); عدلا ‘adlan equitably, fairly, justly | وزير العدل minister of justice

عدلي ‘adlī forensic, legal, judicial, juridical, juristic

عدل ‘idl equal, tantamount, corresponding; -- (pl. اعدال a‘dāl, عدول ‘udūl) either of the two balanced halves of a load carried by a beast of burden; sack, bag

عديل ‘adīl equal, like, tantamount, corresponding; (with foll. genit.) equal (to s.o.), on a par (with s.o.); (eg.; pl. عدائل ‘adā’il) brother-in-law (husband of one’s sister)

عدول ‘udūl refraining, abstention, desistance (عن from), forgoing, renunciation, resignation, abandonment, relinquishment (عن of s.th.)

عدالة ‘adāla justice, fairness, impartiality; probity, integrity, honesty, equitableness; decency, proper conduct; honorable record (Isl. Law)

عدلية ‘adlīya justice, administration of justice, jurisprudence | وزير العدلية minister of justice

اعدل a‘dal2 more regular, more uniform; more balanced; juster, fairer, more equitable; more upright, more honest, more righteous

تعديل ta‘dīl straightening, straightening out, settling, setting right; -- (pl. -āt) change, alteration, commutation, amendment, modification; settlement, adjustment, regulation; improvement; reshuffle (of the cabinet); modulation (el.) | تعديل وزاري (wizārī) cabinet reshuffle

معادلة mu‘ādala assimilation, approximation, adjustment, equalization, leveling, balancing, equilibration; balance, equilibrium; equality; equivalence; evenness, proportion, proportionateness, proportionality; equation (math.)

تعادل ta‘ādul balance, equilibrium; equality; equivalence; evenness, proportion, proportionateness, proportionality; draw, tie (in sports) | تعادل الأصوات tie vote, equal number of votes

اعتدال i‘tidāl straightness, erectness, tenseness; evenness, symmetry, proportion (e.g., of stature, of growth); moderateness, moderation, temperance, temperateness; equinox | سمت الاعتدال simt al-i. equinoctial colure (astron.)

اعتدالي i‘tidālī equinoctial

عادل ‘ādil just, fair, equitable; upright, honest, straightforward, righteous

معدل mu‘addal average; average amount or sum | معدل السرعة m. as-sur‘a average speed; بمعدل as an average, on the average

معادل mu‘ādil equal, of equal status, having equal rights

متعادل muta‘āadil balanced, neutral

معتدل mu‘tadil straight, even, proportionate, symmetrical, harmonious; moderate, temperate; mild, clement (weather) | المنطقة المعتدلة (minṭaqa) the Temperate Zone

عدم ‘adima a (‘udm, ‘adam) to be deprived, be devoid, be in want, be deficient (هـ of s.th.); to lack, not to have (هـ s.th:); to lose, miss (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); -- pass. ‘udima to be lacking, be missing, be absent, be nonexistent; to be loot, be gone, have disappeared; to disappear, vanish IV to cause (ه s.o.) to miss or lack (هـ s.th.); to deprive (هـ ه s.o. of s.th.); to destroy, annihilate, wipe out (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to execute (ه s.o.); to be or become poor, be reduced to poverty, become impoverished VII = pass. I

عدم ‘adam non-being, nonexistence; nothing, nothingness, nihility; lack, want, absence; loss, privation; (with foll. genit.) non-, un-, in-, dis-; (pl. اعدام a‘dām) nonentity, nullity, banality, trifle | عدم الاهتمام inattention, indifference; عدم الاختصاص noncompetency; عدم الوجود non-being, nonexistence

عدمي ‘adamī nihilist

عدمية ‘adamīya non-being, nonexistence; nihilism

عديم ‘adīm not having, lacking, wanting; deprived (of); devoid (of), without, -less, in-, un- (with foll. genit.) | عديم الحياة ‘a. al-ḥayāh inanimate, lifeless; عديم النظير unequaled, incomparable, unique

اعدام i‘dām destruction, annihilation; execution | الحكم بالإعدام (ḥukm) death sentence

اعدامية i‘dāmīya headcloth without ‘iqāl (as a sign of mourning)

انعدام in‘idām absence, lack, nonexistence

عادم ‘ādim pl. عوادم ‘awādim2 nonexistent, lost; unrestorable, irreclaimable; waste- (in compounds); pl. waste, refuse, scraps | المياه العادمة sewage, sullage, waste water; عوادم الأقطان cotton waste; انبوبة العوادم unbūbat al-‘a. exhaust pipe (automobile)

معدوم ma‘dūm nonexistent, wanting, lacking, absent; missing; lost; gone, vanished

معدوم mu‘dim poor, destitute; impoverished

عدن ‘adn Eden, Paradise; ‘adan2 Aden (city in southern Arabia)

معدن ma‘din pl. معادن ma‘ādin2 mine; lode; metal; mineral; treasure-trove, bonanza (fig.); (place of) origin, source | علم المعادن ‘ilm al-m. mineralogy; امتحن معدنه to probe into s.o.’s very nature

معدن ma‘dan (eg.; syr, ma‘din) very good! bravo! well done!

معدني ma‘dinī metallic, mineral; المعدنيات mineralogy | ماء معدني mineral water

تعدين ta‘dīn mining of metals and minerals; mining, mining industry

معدن mu‘addin miner

عدنان ‘adnān2 legendary ancestor of the North Arabs

عدا (عدو ) ‘adā u (‘adw) to run, speed, gallop, dash, race; to pass (هـ, ه or عن s.o., s.th.), go past s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه or عن ); to give up, abandon, leave (هـ, ه or عن s.o., s.th.); to pass over, bypass, omit (ه s. o.), not to bother (ب ه s.o. with), exempt, except (ب ب s.o. from); to cross, overstep, exceed, transcend (هـ s.th.), go beyond s.th. (هـ ); to exceed the proper bounds; to infect (الى s.o.); -- u (عدو ‘adw, ‘udūw, عداء ‘adā’, عدوان ‘udwān, ‘idwān) to engage in aggressive, hostile action, commit an aggression, a hostile act (على against); to act unjustly (على toward), wrong (على s.o.); to assail, assault, attack, raid (على s.o., s.th.); -- u (عدو ‘adw) to handicap, hamper, impede, obstruct (عن ه s.o. in); to prevent, hinder (عن ه s.o. from) | عدا طوره (ṭaurahū) to transcend one’s bounds or limits; لا يعدو ان يفعله not to rail to do s.th.; to do s.th. inevitably; لا يعدو ان يكون it is no more than , it is only or merely II to cause to cross, overstep, exceed or transcend; to ferry (ه s.o., over a river); (gram.) to make transitive (هـ a verb); to give up, abandon, leave (هـ, ه or عن s.o., s.th.); to cross (هـ s.th., e.g., a river) III to treat as an enemy (ه s.o.), show enmity (ه toward s.o.), be at war, feud (ه with s.o.); to fall out (ه with s.o.), contract the enmity (ه of s.o.); to act hostility (ه toward s.o.); to counteract, disobey (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), act in opposition (هـ, ه to), contravene, infringe (هـ s.th.) IV to infect (ه s.o., من with a disease) V to cross, overstep (هـ s.th.); to traverse (هـ s.th.); to exceed, transcend, surpass (هـ s.th.). go beyond s.th. (هـ ); to go beyond s.th. (هـ ) and turn one’s attention to s.th. else (الى ), not to be limited to s.th. (هـ ) but also to comprise (الى s.th. else), extend beyond s.th. (هـ ) to s.th. else (الى ); to overtake, pass, outstrip, outdistance, leave behind (هـ s.th.); to overcome, surmount (هـ s.th., e.g., a crisis); to pass on, shift, spread (الى to); to transgress, infract, violate, break (هـ s.th., e.g., laws); to engage in brutal, hostile action, commit aggression, a hostile act (على against); to act unjustly (على toward s.o.); to assail, assault, attack, raid (على s.o., s.th.); to infringe, encroach, make inroads (على upon) | تعدى عليه بالضرب (ḍarb) to come to blow, with s.o., lay hands upon s.o. VI to harbor mutual enmity, be hostile to one another, be enemies VII to be infected (ب with a disease), catch an infection (من by, from) VIII to cross, overstep (هـ s.th.); to exceed, transcend, surpass (هـ s.th.), go beyond s.th. (هـ ); to act outrageously, brutally, unlawfully (على against); to commit excesses (على against); to engage in aggressive, brutal, hostile action (على against), commit an aggression, a hostile act (على against); to act unjustly (على toward); to violate (على a woman); to assail, assault, attack, raid (على s.o., s.th.), infringe, encroach, make inroads (على upon), make an attempt on s.o.’s (على ) Iif. X to appeal for assistance (ه to s.o. على against); to stir up, rouse, incite (على ه s.o. against)

عدا ‘adā, ما عدا or فيما عدا fī-mā ‘adā (with foll. acc. or genit.) except, save, with the exception of, excepting ...; فيما عدا ذلك besides

عدو ‘adw running, run, race (also in sports)

عدوة ‘udwa side, slope (of a volley), bank, embankment (of a river), shore

عدو ‘aduw pl. اعداء a‘dā’, عدى ‘idan, ‘udan, عداة ‘udāh, اعاد a‘ādin, f. عدوة ‘adūwa enemy | عدو لدود (لديد، الد ) (ladūd, aladd) foe, archenemy

عدوة ‘adūwa fem. of عدو ‘adūw

عدى ‘adīy acting hostilely, aggressive

عداء ‘adā’ enmity, hostility, antagonism, animosity; aggression

عدائي ‘adā’ī hostile, inimical, antagonistic, aggressive

عداء ‘adā’ runner, racer

اعدى a‘dā: اعدى الأعداء a. l-a‘dā’ the worst of enemies

عدوى ‘adwd infection, contagion; -- ‘udwā hostile action

عداوة ‘adāwa pl. -āt enmity, hostility, antagonism, animosity

عدواء ‘udawā’2 hindrance, handicap, impediment; inconvenience, nuisance, discomfiture | ذو عدواء rough, rugged, uneven; adverse, discomfiting, inconvenient; bad, poor (mount)

عدوان ‘udwān, ‘idwān enmity, hostility, hostile action, aggression

عدواني ‘udwānī: سياسة عدوانية policy of aggression

معدى ma‘dan escape, way out, avoidance | لا معدى منه (ma‘dā) inevitable, unavoidable, inescapable

معدية ma‘diya pl. معاد ma‘ādin ferry, ferryboat

تعدية ta‘diya ferrying, ferry service; conversion into the transitive form (gram.)

تعد ta‘addin crossing, overstepping, exceeding, transcending; overtaking, passing (e.g., of an automobile); -- (pl. تعديات ta‘addiyāt) infraction, violation, breach (e.g., of laws), transgression, encroachment, inroad (على on), infringement of the law; offense against law, tort, delict (Isl. Law); attack, assault; aggression

اعتداء i‘tidā’ pl. -āt attack, assault, raid, inroad (على on), attempt (على on s.o.’s life), criminal attack (على on); outrage (على upon); aggression (على against; esp. pol.) معاهدة (اتفاق) عدم الاعتداء mu‘āhadat (ittifāq) ‘adam al-i‘t. pact of nonaggression

عاد ‘ādin pl. عواد ‘awādin aggressive, attacking, assailing, raiding; (pl. عداة ‘udāh) enemy | عواد الوحوش beasts of prey, predatory animals

عادية ‘ādiya pl. -āt, عواد ‘awādin wrong, offense, misdeed, outrage; adversity, misfortune, reverse; obstacle, impediment, obstruction; pi. vicissitudes | عدت عليهم عواد (‘adal) fate dealt them heavy blows, they fell on evil days

معاد mu‘ādin hostile, inimical, antagonistic

معد mu‘din contagious, infectious | امراض معدية contagious diseases

متعد muta‘addin transitive (gram.); aggressor, assailant

معتد mu‘tadin pl. -ūn assailant, assassin; aggressor (pol.)

عذب ‘aduba u (عذوبة ‘udūba) to be sweet, pleasant, agreeable; -- ‘adaba i to hinder, handicap, impede, obstruct (ه s.o.) II to afflict, pain, torment, try, agonize, torture, rack (ه s.o.); to punish, chastise, castigate (ه s.o.) V to be punished, suffer punishment; to feel pain, suffer; to torment s.o., be in agony, be harassed X to find (هـ s.th.) sweet, pleasant, or agreeable; to think (هـ s.th.) beautiful, nice

عذب ‘adb pl. عذاب ‘idāb sweet; pleasant, agreeable | مياه عذب fresh water; عذب الحديث entertaining, amusing, companionable, personable

عذاب ‘adāb pl. -āt, اعذبة a‘diba pain, torment, suffering, agony, torture; punishment, chastisement, castigation

عذوبة ‘udūba sweetness

اعذب a‘dab2 sweeter, more pleasant, more agreeable

تعذيب ta‘dīb affliction, tormenting, agonizing, torture, torturing; punishment, chastisement, castigation

عذر ‘adara i (‘udr, عذر ma‘dira) to excuse, absolve from guilt (ه s.o.), forgive (عن or في ه s.o. s.th.) | لم يعذرني he wouldn’t let me give any excuses, he wouldn’t take no for an answer, he kept insisting; -- ‘adara i (‘adr) to circumcise (ه s.o.) IV = I; to have an excuse | اعذر من انذر (man a‘dara) he who warns is excused V to be difficult, impossible, impracticable, unfeasible (على for) VIII to excuse o.s. apologize (من ل or الى to s.o. for s.th.); to give or advance (ب s.th.) as an excuse (عن or من for), plead s.th. (ب ) in defense of (عن or من ) X to wish to be excused; to make an apology, excuse o.s., apologize

عذر ‘udr pl. اعذار a‘dār excuse | ابو عذر abū ‘u. (with foll. genit.) responsible for, answerable for; هو ابو عذر هذا التطور (taṭawwur) he is the originator of this development

عذرة ‘udra virginity, virginhood; name of an Arab tribe | ابو عذرة = ابو عذر see above

عذري ‘udrī belonging to the tribe of ‘udra (see above)

الهوى العذري (hawā) platonic love

عذار ‘idār pl. عذر ‘udur cheek; fluff, first growth of heard (on the cheeks); cheekpiece (of a horse’s harness) | خلع عذاره to throw off all restraint, drop all pretenses of shame; خالع العذار unrestrained, wanton, uninhibited

عذراء ‘adrā’2 pl. عذارى ‘adārā virgin; العذراء Virgo (astron.); the Virgin Mary (Chr.) | فتاة عذراء (fatāh) maiden, virgin

معذرة ma‘dira pl. معاذر ma‘ādir2 excuse, forgiveness, pardon

معذار mi‘dār pl. معاذير ma’ādīr2 excuse, plea

تعذر ta‘addur difficulty, impossibility, impracticability, unfeasibility

اعتذار i‘tidār apology, excuse, plea

معذور ma‘dūr excused, justified, warranted; excusable

متعذر muta‘addir difficult, impossible, impracticable, unfeasible

عذق ‘idq pl. اعذاق a‘dāq bunch, cluster (of dates, of grapes)

عذل ‘adala u (‘adl) to blame, censure, reprove, rebuke, reproach (ه s.o.) II = I

عذل ‘adl blame, censure, reproof, reproach

عذول ‘adūl stem censurer, rebuker, severe critic

عاذل ‘ādil pl. عذال ‘uddāl, f. عاذلة ‘ādila pl. عواذل ‘awādil2 censurer, reprover, critic

(عذو and عذى) عذا ‘adā u and عذى ‘adiya a to be healthy (country, city; due to its climate, air, etc.)

عر ‘arra u to be a shame, be a disgrace (هـ, ه for s.o., for s.th.); to bring shame or disgrace (هـ, ه upon s.o., upon s.th.), disgrace, dishonor (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

عرة ‘urra scabies, mange; dung; a disgraceful, shameful thing

عرر ‘arar scabies, mange

معرة ma‘arra shame, disgrace, ignominy; stain, blemish, stigma

معتر mu‘tarr miserable, wretched; scoundrel, rogue

عرب II to Arabicize, make Arabic (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.): to translate into Arabic (هـ s.th.); to express, voice, state clearly, declare (عن s.th.); to give earnest money, give a handsel, make a down payment IV to Arabicize, make Arabic (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), give an Arabic form (هـ to s.th.); to make plain or clear, state clearly, declare (عن or هـ s.th.), express (unmistakably), utter, voice, proclaim, make known, manifest, give to understand (عن s.th., esp. a sentiment), give expression (عن to s.th., esp. to a sentiment); (gram.) to use desinential inflection, pronounce the i‘rāb V to assimilate o.s. to the Arab, become an Arab, adopt the custom, of the Arabs X = V

عرب ‘arab (coll.) pl. عروب ‘urūb, اعرب a‘rub, عربان ‘urbān, اعراب a‘rāb Arabs; true Arabs, Arabs of the desert, Bedouins

عربي ‘arabī Arab, Arabic, Arabian; truly Arabic; an Arab; العربية the ‘Arabīya, the language of the ancient Arabs; classical, or literary, Arabic

عربة ‘araba a swift river; (pl. -āt) carriage, vehicle, wagon, cart; (railroad) car, coach; araba, coach | عربة الأجرة ‘a. al-ujra cab, hack, hackney; عربة الأكل ‘a. al-akl dining car, diner; عربة رش ‘a. rašš water wagon, sprinkling wagon; عربة ركوب cab, hack, hackney; عربة الشحن ‘a. aš-šaḥn wagon, lorry; freight car; عربة مطعم (maṭ‘am) dining car, diner; عربة الأطفال baby carriage; عربة النقل ‘a. an-naql wagon, lorry, van; freight car; عربة النوم ‘a. an-naum sleeping car, sleeper; عربة يد ‘a. yad handcart, pushcart; wheelbarrow

عربية ‘arabīya pl. -āt carriage, vehicle; araba, coach; see عربي

عربجي ‘arbajī pl. -īya coachman, cabman

عربخانة ‘arbakāna car shed, coach house

عراب ‘arrāb godfather, sponsor

عرابة arrāba godmother, sponsor

اعرابي a‘rābī pl. اعراب a‘rāb an Arab of the desert, a Bedouin

عروبة ‘urūba Arabism, Arabdom, the Arab idea, the Arab character

تعريب ta‘rīb Arabicizing, Arabization; translation into Arabic; incorporation (of loanwords) into Arabic

اعراب i‘rāb manifestation, declaration, proclamation, pronouncement, utterance; expression (عن of a sentiment); desinential inflection (gram.)

معرب mu‘arrib translator into Arabic

معرب mu‘arrab Arabicized; translated into Arabic

معرب mu‘rab desinentially inflective (gram.)

مستعرب musta‘rib Arabist

عربد ‘arbada to be quarrelsome, be contentious, pick quarrels; to be noisy, boisterous, riotous, raise a din

عربد ‘arbada quarrelsomeness, contentiousness; noise, din, uproar, riot

عربيد ‘irbīd quarrelsome, contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous

معربد mu‘arbid quarrelsome, contentious; noisy, boisterous, riotous

عربس ‘arbasa to upset, disturb, confuse (ه s.o.)

عربن ‘arbana to give earnest money, give a handsel, make a down payment (ه to s.o.)

عربون ‘urbūn, ‘arabūn pl. عرابين ‘arābīn2 handsel, earnest money, down payment; pledge, pawn, gage

عرج ‘araja u (عروج ‘urūj) to ascend, mount, rise; -- ‘arija a (‘araj) to be lame, walk lamely, limp, hobble II to turn (على to, toward); to stop, halt, stop over (على in, at); to turn (عن off s.th.), swerve (عن from); to lame, cripple, paralyze (ه s.o.); to zigzag, make zigzag (هـ s.th.) IV to lame, cripple, paralyze (ه s.o.) V to zigzag, follow a zigzag course VII to incline, lean, bend, curve; to be or become crooked, curved, bent, sinuous, winding

عرج ‘araj lameness

اعرج a‘raj2, f. عرجاء ‘arjā’2, pl. عرج ‘urj, عرجان ‘urjān lame, limping; -- jack (in a deck of cards)

معرج ma‘raj pl. معارج ma‘ārij2 place of ascent; (route of) ascent

معرج mi‘raj pl. معارج ma‘ārij2 ladder, stairs

معراج mi‘rāj; pl. معاريج ma‘ārīj2 ladder, stairs; المعراج the midnight journey to the seven heavens (made by Mohammed on the 27th of Rajab, from Jerusalem) | ليلة المعراج lailat al-m. the night of Mohammed’s ascension to the seven heavens

تعاريج ta‘ārīj2 (pl.) curves, curvatures, bends, turns, twists, windings, sinuosities; wavy lines, serpentines

تعرج ta‘arruj zigzag (course)

متعرج muta‘arrij winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous; zigzag

منعرج mun‘arij crooked, curved, bent, winding, twisting, tortuous, sinuous

منعرج mun‘araj pl. -āt bend, turn, curve, twist, angle (of roads, etc.)

عرزال ‘irzāl hut or shack of the rural warden (usually in a tree or on top of a roof)

عرس II (nejd.) to marry (ب ه s.o. to) IV to arrange a wedding feast

عرس ‘urs, ‘urus pl. اعراس a‘rās, عرسات ‘urusāt marriage; wedding, wedding feast

عرس ‘irs pl. اعراس a‘rās husband; wife | ابن عرس ibn ‘irs pl. بنات عرس banāt ‘irs weasel (zool.)

عرسة ‘irsa weasel

عروس ‘arūs pl. عرس ‘urus bridegroom; f. (pl. عرائس ‘arā’is) bride; doll; العروسان al-‘arūsān bride and groom, the newlyweds | عرائس النيل ‘a. an-nīl lotus

عروسة ‘arūsa pl. عرائس ‘arā’is2 bride; doll, baby doll | عروسة البرقع ‘a. al-burqu‘ metal tubes ornamenting the veil of Muslim women

عريس ‘arīs bridegroom

عريس ‘irrīs lair of a lion, lion’s den

عرش ‘araša i u to erect a trellis (هـ for grapevines), train on a trellis or espalier, to trellis, to espalier (هـ vines) II to roof over (هـ s.th.)

عرش ‘arš pl. عروش ‘urūš, اعراش a‘rāš throne; tribe (magr.)

عريش ‘arīš pl. عرش ‘uruš, عرائش ‘arā’iš2 arbor, bower; hut made of twigs; booth, shack, shanty; trellis (for grapevines); shaft, carriage pole

العريش El Arish (town in N Egypt, on Mediterranean)

تعريشة ta‘rīša pl. تعاريش ta‘ārīš2 trellis, lattice-work; arbor, bower

عرص ‘araṣa a (‘araṣ) to be lively, gay, merry

عرص ‘arṣa pl. ‘araṣāt, اعراص a‘rāṣ vacant lot; courtyard, court of a house

معرص mu‘arraṣ pimp, procurer; cuckold

1 عرض ‘aruḍa u to be or become wide, broad, to widen, broaden; -- ‘araḍa i (‘arḍ) to become visible, appear (ل to s.o.); to get in s.o.’s (ل ) way; to happen (ل to s.o.), befall (ل s.o.); to occur (ل to s.o.), come to s.o.’s (ل ) mind; to turn (ل to s.o., to s.th.); to take care (ل of), concern o.s. (ل with), turn one’s attention, put one’s mind, apply o.s., attend (ل to), go in (ل for), go into s.th. (ل ), enter, embark (ل upon), take up, treat (ل s.th.), deal (ل with); to show, demonstrate, present, set forth, display, exhibit, lay open, submit, turn in (على هـ s.th. to s.o.), lay, put (على هـ s.th. before s.o.); to show (هـ e.g., a film), stage (هـ e.g., a play); to offer, suggest, propose (على هـ s.th. to s.o.); to subject (على هـ s.th. to a critical examination, and the like); to inspect (هـ s.th.); to review (هـ troops), pass in review (هـ s.th., also before one’s mental eye); pass. ‘uriḍa to be or go mad, insane | عرض له عارض an obstacle arose in his path; عرض له خاطر a thought occurred to him, he had an idea II to make wide or broad, widen, broaden, extend (هـ s.th.); to expose (ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to s.th., esp. to risk: ل هـ s.th. to the sun); to intimate, insinuate (ل or ب s.th.), allude (ل or ب to), hint (ل or ب at) | عرضه للنور to hold s.th. against the light III to offer resistance (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), resist (هـ , s.o., s.th.), work against s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to contradict, oppose (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), raise objections, protest, remonstrate (هـ, ه against s.o., against s.th.); to be against s.o. or s.th. (هـ , .); to avoid, shun (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to compare (ب هـ s.th. with) IV to turn away, avert o.s. (ب from), avoid, shun (عن s.o., s.th.), shirk (عن s.th.), give up, abandon, relinquish, discard, renounce, disclaim (عن s.th.); not to mention (عن s.th.): اعرض عن الى to turn away from s.th. and to s.th. else V to resist, oppose (ل s.o., s.th.), stand up (ل against), raise objections, object (ل to); to face (ل s.th., e.g., a problem); to interfere (ل with), meddle (ل in); to put one’s mind, turn one’s attention (ل to), go into s.th. (ل , e.g., a topic): to undertake (ل s.th.), embark (ل upon s.th.); to expose o.s., be exposed, be subjected (ل to s.th.); to run the risk (ل of), risk (ل doing or being s.th.); to dare, venture, risk (ل s.th.) VI to oppose one another; to be contradictory, conflict, be incompatible (مع with) VIII to betake o.s., go, present o.s. (ه to s.o.); to raise an objection, make objections, object (على to). veto (على s.th.), remonstrate, protest (على against); to resist, oppose (على s.o., s.th.); to stand up (ل or هـ, ه against s.o., against s.th.), stand in, or obstruct, the way of s.o. or s.th. (ل or هـ, ه ); to hinder impede, obstruct (ل s.o.); to happen (ه to s.o.), befall (ه s.o.) | اعترض سبيله to block s.o.’s way X to ask to be shown (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to pass in review (هـ s.th., esp. in one’s imagination, before one’s mental eye), call up, conjure up, call to one’s mind, picture to o.s., visualize (هـ s.th.); to weigh, consider, examine (هـ s.th.); to inspect, review (هـ troops); to expound, set forth (هـ s.th.); to proceed ruthlessly; to massacre without much ado (هم the enemy)

عرض ‘arḍ pl. عروض ‘urūḍ breadth; width; presentation, demonstration, staging, show(ing), performance; display, exposition, exhibition; submission, filing (e.g., of an application); proposition, proposal, offer, tender; parade; review (mil.); merchandise, goods | بالعرض across, crosswise, in breadth; العرض والطلب (ṭalab) supply and demand; عرض الأزياء ‘a. al-azyā’ fashion show; عرض حال ‘a. ḥāl or عرضحال pl. عرضحالات ‘arḍuḥālāt application, petition, memorial; خط (درجة) العرض kaṭṭ (darajat) al-‘a. degree of latitude; شباك العرض šubbāk al-‘a. show window; يوم العرض yaum al-‘a. the Day of Judgment, Doomsday

عرضي ‘arḍī cross- (in compounds), transverse, horizontal | خط عرضي (kaṭṭ) latitudinal degree, geographical latitude

عرض ‘urḍ pl. اعراض a‘rāḍ honor, good repute; dignity | انا في عرضك I rely on your generosity, have mercy upon me!

عرض ‘urḍ side; middle | في عرض البحر (‘u. il-baḥr) at sea, on the high seas; القى (ضرب) به عرض الحائط to undervalue, scorn, disdain, despise, reject s.th.; to ruin, thwart, foil s.th.; to throw s.th. overboard, jettison s.th.; نظر اليه عن عرض (‘an ‘urdin) he looked askance at him, he gave him a slanting glance (contemptuously); في عرض الناس amid the crowd of people; هو من عرض الناس he belongs to the common people

عرضاني ‘arḍānī transversal, transverse, latitudinal; measured crosswise

عرض ‘araḍ pl. اعراض a‘rāḍ accident (philos.); contingent, nonessential characteristic; s.th. nonessential, a contingent, s.th. accidental: symptom, manifestation of disease; عرضا ‘araḍan, بالعرض incidentally, by chance

عرضي ‘araḍī accidental (philos.), non-essential, unessential; incidental, accidental, contingent, fortuitous, casual; عرضيات ‘arādīyāt unessential incidents, unessentials; accidentals | خطيئة عرضية venial sin (Chr.)

عرضة ‘urḍa target; (object of) intention, intent, design; object (ل of): exposed, subject(ed), liable (ل to s.th.); (with foll. genit.) suitable for, fitting for, appropriate for

عروض ‘arūḍ prosody; (pl. اعاريض a‘ārīḍ2) last foot of the first hemistich | علم العروض ‘ilm al-‘a. metrics, prosody

عروضي ‘arūḍī prosodic(al), metrical

عريض ‘arīḍ pl. عراض ‘irāḍ broad, wide; extensive, vast

عريضة ‘arīḍa pl. عرائض ‘arā’iḍ2 petition, application, memorial

معرض ma‘riḍ pl. معارض ma‘āriḍ2 place where s.th. is exhibited or displayed; showroom, stage; exposition, exhibition; show; fair (com.); (with foll. genit.) time, occasion for s.th. | في معرض (with foll. genit.) in the form of ..., in manner; on the occasion of, at the occurrence or appearance of; لسنا الآن في معرض (lasnā) with foll. verbal noun: this is not the place for us to ...; لسنا في معرض الكلام عن let us not speak of now, this is not the place to speak of ...; معرض الأزياء m. al-azyā’ fashion show; معرض الصحف m. aṣ-ṣuḥuf press review

معرض mi‘raḍ wedding gown

معراض mi‘rāḍ: قال في معراض كلامه (m. kalāmihī) to mention casually, say among other things

تعريض ta‘rīḍ intimation, allusion, hint, indication

معارضة mu‘āraḍa opposition (esp. pol.); resistance, contradiction, remonstrance, objection, exception, protect; O resistance (el.)

اعراض i‘rāḍ shunning, avoidance, evasion; reluctance | في اعراض reluctantly

تعارض ta‘āruḍ conflict, clash, antagonism, contradiction, contrariety

اعتراض i‘tirāḍ pl. -āt resistance, opposition, objection, exception, counterargument, counterassertion, counterblast, riposte, rebuttal, rejoinder, expostulation, remonstrance, protest; (right of) veto (Isl. Law) | حق الاعتراض ḥaqq al-i‘t. (right of) veto (pol.)

استعراض isti‘rāḍ examination, survey; parade, review; revue, musical show

استعراضي isti‘rāḍī revue-, show- (in compounds), revue-like | فرقة استعراضية (firqa) Show troupe; revue troupe; فلم استعراضي film musical

عارض ‘āriḍ pl. -ūn exhibitor (e.g., at a fair); demonstrator; -- (pl. عوارض ‘awāriḍ) obstacle, impediment, obstruction; temporary disturbance, anomalous condition (physically); attack, fit, spell; s.th. accidental, s.th. nonessential, an accidcnt; side of the face; -- العارضان the cheeks | خفيف العارضين k. al-‘āriḍain having a sparse beard; في عارض الطريق in the middle of the road

عارضة āriḍa pl. -āt woman demonstrator, woman exhibitor; -- (pl. عوارض ‘awāriḍ2) side of the face; doorpost, jamb; crossbeam, transom; joist, girder; purlin; O anode (el.) | قوة العارضة qūwat al-‘ā. eloquence; عارضة الأزياء mannequin

عارضي ‘āridī accidental, casual, occasional

معروض ma‘rūd pl. معاريض ma‘ārīḍ2 exposition, report; memorial, petition, application; -- pl. -āt propositions, proposals, offers, tenders; exhibits, exhibited articles

معارض mu‘āriḍ adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer; contradicter

معترض mu‘tariḍ running or lying across, transversal, transverse; adversary, opponent, antagonist, opposer; contradicter; resistance (el.) | جملة معترضة (jumla) parenthetical clause, parenthesis

2 عرضي ‘urḍī (from Turk. ordu) military encampment, army camp

عرف ‘arafa i (معرفة ma‘rifa, عرفان ‘irfān) to know (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to recognize, perceive (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to be cognizant, be aware (هـ of s.th.), be acquainted (هـ with s.th.), to discover, experience, find out (هـ s.th.); to recognize, acknowledge (ب s.th., هـ s.th. as being right; هـ هـ s.th. as); to concede, acknowledge (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.), allow (ل هـ for s.th. in s.o.); to approve (هـ of); to distinguish, differentiate (من هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); pass. ‘urifa to be known (ب as, by the name of) | عرف حق المعرفة (ḥaqqa l-m.) to know for sure, be sure (of), be positive (about); عرفت له الجميل she was grateful to him, she appreciated his service, she gratefully acknowledged his service II to announce (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), inform, advise, apprise (هـ ه s.o. of), acquaint (هـ ه s.o. with s.th.); to introduce (الى or ب ه s.o. to s.o. else), have (ه s.o.) meet (الى or ب s.o. else), present (ب ه s.o. to s.o. else); to define (هـ s.th.); to determine, specify, characterize, explain (هـ s.th.); (gram.) to make definite (هـ a noun); (Chr.) to confess (ه a penitent), hear the confession (ه of s.o.) V to become acquainted (ب or الى also على with s.o.), meet (ب or الى s.o.), make the acquaintance of s.o. (ب or الى ); to make o.s. known, disclose one’s identity, reveal o.s. (الى to s.o.); to acquaint o.s., familiarize o.s. (ل or الى with), get to know (على or الى s.th.); to sound, explore (هـ s.th.); to trace, discover, uncover (هـ s.th.); (gram.) to be or become definite (noun) VI to become acquainted with one another, become mutually acquainted, get to know each other; to become acquainted (ب with); to come to know (هـ s.th.), learn (هـ about) VIII to confess, admit, acknowledge, own, avow (هـ s.th.); to recognize (ب s.o., s.th.), grant recognition (ب to s.o., to s.th.); to concede, acknowledge (ل ب s.th. to s.o.); to make a confession, to confess (Chr.) | اعترف بالجميل to be grateful X to discern, recognize (هـ s.th.)

عرف ‘arf fragrance, perfume, scent, aroma

عرف ‘urf beneficence, kindness; custom, usage, practice, convention, tradition, habit; legal practice; custom, customary law (jur.); (pl. اعراف a‘rāf) crest, comb (or a rooster), mane (of a horse) | في عرفه as was his wont, according to his habit; in his opinion; العرف السياسي (siyāsī) protocol

عرفي ‘urfī traditional, conventional, usual, common, customary, habitual; pertaining to secular legal practice (as opposed to šar‘ī); private, unofficial (as opposed to rasmī) | الحكم العرفي (ḥukm) martial law; الأحكام العرفية do.; محكمة عرفية (maḥkama) court-martial

عرف ‘arīf pl. عرفاء ‘urafā’2 knowing (ب s.th.), cognizant, aware (ب of s.th.); expert, authority, specialist; teaching assistant, monitor (an older pupil assisting the teacher of a Koran school); sergeant (Ir.); corporal (U.A.R); رئيس العرفاء a military rank, approx.: master sergeant (Ir., Syr.); نائب عريف approx.: corporal (Ir.); (pl. عرفان ‘irfān) teacher, esp. a teacher and precentor of congregational singing (Copt.-Chr.)

عراف ‘arrāf diviner, fortuneteller

عرافة ‘arrāfa pl. -āt (woman) fortuneteller

عرافة ‘irāfa fortuneteller’s trade; fortunetelling, divination

عرفات ‘arafāt Arafat, name of a mountain and adjacent plain, located four hours’ distance east of Mecca, where the Mecca pilgrims spend the9th day of Zu’lhijja

عرفان ‘irfān cognition, knowledge, perception; recognition, acknowledgment | عرفان الجميل gratitude, thankfulness; عرفان الفضل ‘i. al-faḍl do.

اعرف a‘raf2 knowing better (ب s.th.), more cognizant. more knowledgeable (ب of), better acquainted. more conversant (ب with), more expert, more versed (ب in); a better connoisseur (ب of); (f. عرفاء ‘arfā’2) having a crest or mane, crested, maned

معرفة ma‘rifa pl. معارف ma‘ārif2 knowledge, learning, lore, information. Skill, know-how; cognition, intellection, perception, experience, realization; gnosis; acquaintance, cognizance, conversance, versedness; an acquainted person, an acquaintance, a friend; (gram.) definite noun; pl. المعارف cultural affairs, education | بمعرفة by, through (after the passive); مع المعرفة knowingly, deliberately (jur.); وزير المعارف العمومية (‘umāmīya) minister of education; لم يكن معرفة في قومه (qaumihī) he was unknown among his people

معارف ma‘ārif2 face, countenance, features

تعريف ta‘rīf pl. -āt, تعاريف ta‘ārīf2 announcement, notification, communication, information; instruction, direction; (social) introduction; definition, determination, identification, specification, characterization; a rendering definite (gram.) | اداة التعريف adāt at-t. (gram.) the definite article; بطاقة التعريف identity card

تعريفة ta‘rīfa notification, information, apprising; -- (pl. -āt, تعاريف ta‘ārīf2) tariff; price list

تعرف ta‘arruf acquaintance (ب or الى with); exploration, study; cognition, knowledge, perception, realization

اعتراف i‘tirāf recognition, acceptance; acknowledgment, avowal, admission, confession; (Chr.) confession | اعترافا ب in recognition of; الاعتراف بالجميل (bi-l-jamīl) gratitude, thankfulness; ابو الاعتراف father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); سر الاعتراف sirr al-i‘t. sacrament of penance (Chr.); معلم الاعتراف mu‘allim al-i‘t. father-confessor, confessor (Chr.); من الاعتراف ان it must be admitted that ..., admittedly ...

عارف ‘ārif acquainted, conversant, familiar (ب with); connoisseur, expert; master (tun.)

عارفة ‘ārifa (syr.) sage, wise man (of a village or tribe)

معروف ma‘rūf known, well-known; universally accepted, generally recognized; conventional; that which is good, beneficial, or fitting, good, benefit; fairness, equity, equitableness; kindness, friendliness, amicability; beneficence; favor rendered, courtesy, mark of friendship; active voice (gram.) | بالمعروف or بمعروف in (all) fairness; with appropriate courtesy, in a friendly manner, amicably; ناكر المعروف ungrateful; المعروف ان it is (well-) known that ..., as is well-known ..., it is commonly held that ..., it is generally understood that ...

متعارف muta‘āraf or متعارف عليه common, usual, customary; commonplace, trivial, trite, hackneyed, banal

معترف mu‘taraf confessor (in the hierarchy of saints; Chr.)

معترف به mu‘taraf bihī recognized, accepted, admitted, granted, approved-of, licensed, authorized هـ ‘ariqa a (‘araq) to sweat, perspire II to make or let (ه s.o.) sweat, promote perspiration; to add water (هـ to a drink), dilute (هـ a drink); to take root, strike roots; to be deeply rooted; to vein, marble (هـ s.th.) IV to take root, strike roots V = IV

عرق ‘irq pl. عروق ‘urūq root; stem (of a plant, of a leaf); vein (bot., anat.); hereditary disposition; race, stock, descent | عرق الذهب ‘i. ad-dahab ipecac, ipecacuanha (bot.); عرق سوس ‘i. sūs licorice root; عرق النسا ‘i. an-nasā sciatica (med.); طيب العرق ṭīb al-‘i. noble descent; طيب العرق ṭayyib al-‘i. of noble descent, high born; العرق دساس (dassās) blood will tell, what ill bred in the bone will come out in the flesh; ضرب فيه بعرق to have a share in s.th., participate in s.th.

عرق ‘araq sweat, perspiration; arrack, a strong colorless liquor made of raisins, milky white when diluted with water

(esp. syr.; = eg. zabīb) | عرق القربة ‘a. al-qirba pains, toil, exertion; عرق زحلاوي (zaḥlāwī) a well-known brand of arrack made in Zahlé (Lebanon)

عرقة ‘araqa transom between two layers of stone or brick

عرقية ‘araqīya (eg.) white cotton skullcap often worn under the tarboosh)

عراقة ‘arāaqa deep-rootedness; ancient ancestral line, old family | عراقة في النسب (nasab) noble descent

عراقية ‘arrāqīya (eg.) white cotton skullcap (often worn under the tarboosh)

عريق ‘arīq deep-rooted | عريق في القدم (qidam) ancient; centuried, centuries-old; من عائلة عريقة from an old, respectable family; عريق النسب ‘a. an-nasab of noble descent, highborn

العراق al-‘irāq Iraq; العراقان al-‘irāqān Basra and Kufa

عراق ‘irāqī Iraqi, Iraqian; (pl. -ūn) an Iraqi

اعرق a’raq2 more deep-rooted

معروق ma‘rūq gaunt, emaciated, lean (face, hand, etc.)

معرق mu‘arriq sudorific, promoting perspiration

معرق mu‘arraq veined; mu‘riq firmly rooted | معرق في القدم (mu‘riq, qidam) very old, ancient, centuried, centuries-old

عرقب ‘arqaba to hamstring (هـ an animal)

عرقوب ‘urqūb pl. عراقيب ‘arāqīb2 Achilles’ tendon; hamstring; ‘urqūb name of a famed liar | اكذب من عرقوب a greater liar than ‘Urqūb

عرقوبي ‘urqūbī false, deceitful (promise)

عرقل ‘arqala to render difficult, complicate, handicap, hinder, hamper, encumber, impede, obstruct, delay (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), throw obstacle, in the way of s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); (tun.) to seize, confiscate, impound (هـ s.th.) II ta‘arqala to be aggravated, rendered difficult, be or become complicated, be hindered, hampered, encumbered, impeded, obstructed, handicapped, delayed

عرقلة ‘arqala impeding, hindering, encumbering; -- (pl. عراقيل ‘arāqīl2) encumbrance, impediment, hindrance; obstacle, difficulty, handicap

عرك ‘araka u (‘ark) to rub (هـ s.th.); to turn, adjust (هـ the knobs of a radio, and the like) ; to play havoc (هـ with), damage severely (هـ s.th.); -- ‘arika a to be strong in battle, be a tough fighter III to fight, struggle, contend (ه with s.o.) VI to engage in a fight, fight one another VIII = VI

عرك ‘ark experience (gained through suffering)

عركة ‘arka fight, struggle, battle, combat

عريكة ‘arīka disposition, frame of mind, temper, nature

معركة ma‘raka, ma‘ruka pl. معارك ‘arik2 battlefield; battle

عراك ‘irāk struggle, fight, strife, battle, combat

معاركة mu’āraka struggle, fight, strife, battle, combat

عرك mu’tarak fighting ground, battle ground

عرم II to heap up, pile up, stack (هـ s.th.) VIII to be vicious; to be stubborn, obstinate, headstrong

عرم ‘arim vicious; strong, violent, vehement, powerful, terrific; dam, dike | جيش عرم (jaiš) numerous, huge army

عرام ‘urām viciousness (of character); violence, vehemence | سيل عرام (sail) huge quantity, tremendous flood

عرمة ‘urma pl. عرم ‘uram heap, pile, bulk, mass, large amount, multitude

عرمة ‘arama pl. عرم ‘aram heap, pile, bulk, mass, huge amount, multitude

عارم ‘ārim vicious; tempestuous, violent, vehement, strong; tremendous, enormous, huge

عرمرم ‘aramram strong, violent, vehement | جيش عرمرم (jaiš) a numerous, huge army

عرين ‘arīn pl. عرن ‘urun thicket; lair of a lion, lion’s den

عرينة ‘arīna pl. عرائن ‘arā’in2 lair of a wild animal

عرنين ‘irnīn pl. عرانين ‘arānīn2 upper part of the nose, bridge of the nose

عرناس ’irnās pl. عرانيس ‘arānīs2 distaff | عرناس ذرة ‘i. dura corncob (syr.)

عرا (عرو ) ‘arā u (‘arw) and VIII to befall, grip, seize, strike, afflict (ه s.o.), come, descend (ه upon s.o.), happen (ه to s.o.); to take possession (ه of s.o.)

عروة ‘urwa pl. عرى ‘uran buttonhole; loop, noose, coil; ear, handle (of a jug, and the like); tie, bond, e.g., عرى الصداقة ‘u. aṣ-ṣadāqa bonds of friendship; support, prop, stay | العروة الوثقى (wutqā) the firm, reliable grip or hold, the firm tie

عري ‘ariya a (‘ury, عرية ‘urya) to be naked, nude; to be free, be bare (عن of) | عري عن (من) ثيابه to take off one’s clothes, strip (naked), undress, have no clothes on; عرى عن كل اساس (asās) to be completely unfounded, be without any foundation II to disrobe, unclothe, undress (ه s.o.); to bare, denude, lay bare, uncover (ه s.th.); to strip (من ثيابه ه s.o. of hill clothes); to deprive, divest, strip (ه من s.o. of s.th.)

عري ‘ūry nakedness, nudity; unsaddled (horse)

عرية ‘urya nakedness, nudity

عراء ‘arā’ nakedness, nudity; bareness; open space, open country | في العراء in the open air, under the open sky, outside, outdoors; مسرح في العراء (masraḥ) open-air theater

عريان ‘uryān pl. عرايا ‘arāyā naked, nude, undressed, bare | عريان ملط (malṭ)`stark-naked (eg.)

O عريانية ‘uryānīya nudism

المعاري al-ma‘ārī the uncovered parts of the body (hands, feet, face)

عار ‘ārin pl. عراة ‘urāh naked, nude, undressed, bare; free, devoid, destitute, bare, deprived, stripped, denuded (من or عن of s.th.); blank, bare (e.g., a room), stark (e.g., a narrative) | عاري الأقدام barefoot(ed), unshod

عز ‘azza i (‘izz, عزة ‘izza عزازة ‘azāza) to be or become strong, powerful, respected; to be or become rare, scarce, be scarcely to be found; to be or become dear, cherished, precious (على to s.o.); عز عليه ان he is sorry that ...; to be hard, difficult (على for s.o.); to hurt, pain (على s.o.), be painful (على for s.o.), be hard (على on s.o.) II to make strong. strengthen, reinforce, fortify, corroborate, confirm, solidify, invigorate, harden, advance, support (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to consolidate (هـ s.th,); to honor (ه s.o.); to raise in esteem, elevate, exalt (ه s.o.); to make dear, endear (ه s.o.) | عزز جانبه to strengthen, reinforce, fortify, solidify, consolidate s.th., make s.th. strong, powerful, mighty IV to make strong, strengthen, fortify, reinforce, invigorate, harden, steel (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to love (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to honor (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to esteem, value, prize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make dear, endear (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to be or become strong, powerful, mighty, forceful, strengthened, fortified, reinforced, invigorated, hardened, solidified, consolidated; to be proud, boast (ب of), pride o.s., glory, exult (ب in) VIII to feel strong or powerful (ب due to, because of); to be proud, boast (ب of), pride o.s., glory, exult (ب in); to arrogate to o.s. (ب s.th.) X to overwhelm, overcome (على s.o.); to become powerful, mighty, respected, honored, be exalted; to make or hold dear, value highly, esteem (ه s.o.)

عز might, power, standing, weight; strength, force; honor. glory, high rank, fame, celebrity, renown | عزها Her Highness (title); في عز شبابه (šabābihī) in the prime of his youth

عزة ‘izza might, power, standing, weight; strength. force; honor, glory, high rank, fame, celebrity. renown; pride | عزة الجانب power, might; العزة القومية (qaumīya) national pride; عزة النفس ‘i. an-nafs sense of honor, self-respect, self-esteem; صاحب العزة title of a bey

عزيز ‘azīz pl. اعزاء a‘izzā’2, اعزة a‘izza mighty, powerful, respected, distinguished, notable; strong; noble, esteemed, venerable, august; honorable; rare, scarce, scarcely to be found; difficult, hard (على for); precious, costly, valuable; dear, beloved (على to), cherished, valued (على by); friend; ruler, overlord | عزيزي my dear! (esp. as a salutation in letters); عزيز الجانب mighty, powerful, strong

اعز a‘azz2 mightier, more powerful; stronger; dearer, more beloved; العزى al-‘uzzā a goddess of the pagan Arabs

معزة ma‘azza esteem, regard, affection, love

تعزيز ta‘zīz pl. -āt strengthening, consolidation, support, backing

اعزاز i‘zāz strengthening, fortification, reinforcement, consolidation; love, affection, esteem, regard

اعتزاز i‘tizāz pride (ب in)

معتز mu‘tazz proud; mighty, powerful

عزب ‘azaba i u (عزوب ‘uzūb) to be far, be distant (عن from); to slip, escape (عن s.o.’s mind) | عزب عن الأذهان to be forgotten, sink into oblivion; -- ‘azaba u (عزبة ‘uzba, عزوبة ‘uzūba) to be single, unmarried

عزب ‘azab pl. عزاب ‘uzzāb, اعزاب a‘zāb celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor

عزبة ‘izba pl. عزب ‘izab (eg.) country estate, farm; rural settlement

عزبة ‘uzba celibacy; bachelorhood

عزوبة ‘uzūba celibacy; bachelorhood

اعزب a‘zab2 celibate, single, unmarried; bachelor

معزب mu‘azzab sheik, emir (Nejd)

عزر ‘azara i (‘azr) to censure, rebuke, reprove, reprimand (ه s.o.); to refuse to have anything to do with s.o.; -- ‘azara i to curb, restrain, subdue (ه s.o.’s pride, and the like) II to censure, rebuke, reprove. reprimand (ه s.o.); to refuse to have anything to do with s.o.

عزر ’azr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand

تعزير ta‘zīr censure, blame, rebuke, reproof, reprimand; chastisement, castigation

اعتزار i‘tizār self-discipline

عزرائيل ‘izrā’īl2 Azrael, the angel of death

عزف ‘azala i (‘af) to play (على on a musical instrument, هـ tunes); to play (ل to or for s.o.), make music (ل for s.o.); -- i u (‘azf, عزوف ‘uzūf) to turn away (عن from s.th.), become averse (عن to s.th.), avoid, shun (عن s.th.), abstain, refrain (ان from doing s.th.)

عزوف ‘azūf disinclined, averse (عن to s.th.)

معزف mi‘zaf pl. معازف ma‘āzif2 stringed instrument; O piano

عازف ‘āzif player, (musical) performer

معزوفة ma‘zūfa pl. -āt piece of music, performance, recital (on an instrument)

عزق ‘azaqa i (‘azq) to hoe, dig up, break up, loosen (الأرض al-arḍa the soil)

معزقة mi‘zaqa pl. معازق ma‘āziq2 hoe, mattock

عزل ‘azala i (‘azl) to remove, set aside, isolate, separate, segregate, detach, cut off (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to depose (ه s.o.), release, dismiss, discharge (ه s.o. عن منصبه ‘an manṣibihī of his office) IV اعزل منصبه (manṣibahū) to give up one’s position, resign VII to be or become isolated, cut off, separated, segregated, detached (عن from) VIII to keep away, stand aloof, leave, withdraw; to retire, seclude o.s., segregate, secede, detach o.s., dissociate o.s., separate o.s., isolate o.s. (عن or هـ, ه from s.o., from s.th.), part (عن or هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.); to be or get deposed | اعتزل الخدمة (kidmata), اعتزل العمل (‘amala) to retire from service, from work, go into retirement

عزل ‘azl removal, dissociation, detachment, setting aside, isolation (also, e.g., in case of contagious disease), cutting-off, segregation, separation; deposition, discharge, dismissal | حائط عزل الحرق (ḥarq) fire wall; غير قابل للعزل irremovable, appointed for life tenure (judge)

عزل ‘azal unarmedness, defenselessness

عزل ‘uzul unarmed, defenseless

عزلة ‘uzla retirement, seclusion, retreat, privacy; segregation, reparation, detachedness; insulation, insularity, isolatedness; isolation; solitude | في عزلة عن secluded, segregated, cut off, detached, separated, insulated, isolated from

عزلة ‘izla pl. عزل ‘izal subdistrict of a nāḥiya (Yemen)

عزال ‘izāl (eg.) furniture, household effects, movable goods, luggage

اعزل a‘zal2, f. عزلاء ‘azlā’2, pl. عزل ‘uzl unarmed, defenseless | السماك الأعزل star α in the constellation Virgo, Spica Virginia (astron.)

معزل ma‘zil pl. معازل ma‘āzil2 place of retirement, house of retreat; seclusion, segregation, isolation; isolation ward (in a hospital) | بمعزل عن separated, detached, apart, secluded, segregated, isolated from

انعزال in‘izāl detachedness, seclusion, segregation, insularity, insulation; isolation

انعتزالية in‘izālīya isolationism

اعتزال i‘tizāl retirement, seclusion, retreat, privacy | اعتزال الخدمة i‘tizāl al-kidma retirement from service

O عازل ‘āzil insulator (el.)

O عازلة ‘āzila pl. -āt, ‘awāzil2 insulator, nonconductor (el.)

معزول ma‘zūl far, distant, remote (عن from); isolated, insulated

منعزل mun‘azil isolated, single, solitary, sporadic

المعتزلة al-mu‘tazila name of a theological school which introduced speculative dogmatism into Islam

معتزل mu‘tazal pl. -āt (place of) solitude, (place of) retirement

عزم ‘azama i (‘azm, عزيمة ‘azīma) to decide, resolve (على on s.th.); to make up one’s mind, determine, be determined, be resolved (على to do s.th.), be bent (على on s.th.); to adjure (على s.o.); to invite (ه s.o. ان or على to or to do s.th.) II to enchant, spellbind (على s.o., s.th., by magic rites) VIII to decide, resolve (على or هـ on s.th.), make up one’s mind, determine, be determined, be resolved (على or هـ to do s.th.), be bent (على or هـ on s.th.)

عزم ‘azm determination, firm will, firm intention, decision, resolution; energy

عزمة ‘azma decision, resolution; strict order (ب to do s.th.)

عزوم ‘azūm determined, resolved, resolute

عزومة ‘azūma invitation; banquet

عزيمة ‘azīma determination, firm will, firm intention; (pl. عزائم ‘azā’im2) resolution (على to do s.th.), decision; incantation; spell

عازم ‘āzim determined, resolved (على to do s.th.)

معتزم mu‘tazim determined, resolved (على to do s.th.)

(عزو and عزي) عزا ‘azā u (‘azw) and عزى ‘azā i (‘azy) to trace (back) (ل or الى هـ s.th. to an origin), ascribe, attribute, impute, owe (ل or الى A s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to charge, incriminate (ل or الى هـ with s.th. s.o. or s.th.), blame (الى هـ for s.th. s.o. or s.th.), lay the blame (الى هـ for s.th. on s.o., on s.th.); -- عزي ‘aziya a (عزاء ‘azā’) and عزا ‘azā u (عزاء ‘aza’) to take patience, console o.s. II to persuade (ه s.o.) to bear with equanimity (في or عن s.th., the death of s.o. or the loss of s.th.), comfort, console (عن ه s.o. over), give comfort, express one’s sympathy, offer one’s condolences (ه to s.o.) V to take patience; to console o.s. (عن for) VII to console o.s. (ب with), find solace (ب in) VIII to trace (back) one’s descent (الى to)

عزو ‘azw tracing back, ascription, attribution; imputation, accusation

عزوة ‘izwa: حسن العزوة ḥasan al-‘i. of good ancestry, of good stock

عزاء ‘azā’ composure, equanimity; comfort, consolation, solace; ceremony of mourning

تعزية ta‘ziya pl. تعاز ta‘āzin consolation, solace, comfort; condolence | رفع تعزيته to express one’s sympathy, offer one’s condolences; قدم التعازي (qaddama) do.

معز mu‘azzin comforter, consoler, condoler

عس ‘assa u (‘ass) to make the rounds by night, patrol by night

عسعس patrol (as a body of men)

عسس ‘asas guard | العسة المصونة (maṣūna) (formerly:) the bodyguard of the Bey of Tunisia

عسيب ‘asīb tail bone (of the horse); (pl. عسب ‘usub) a palm branch stripped of its leaves

يعسوب ya‘sūb pl. يعاسيب ya‘āsīb2 male bee, drone; notable, chief, leader

عوسج ‘ausaj boxthorn (Lycium europaeum

L. and Lycium arabicum Schwf.; bot.)

عسجد ‘asjad gold

عسجدي ‘asjadī golden

معسجد mu‘asjad gilded

عسر ‘asura u (‘usr, ‘usur) and ‘asira a (‘asar) to be difficult, hard, trying, adverse (على for s.o.); -- ‘asara i u (‘asr) to press, urge (على ه s.o. to); to force, compel, coerce (على ه s.o. to) II to make difficult or hard (هـ s.th.); to act hostilely (على toward s.o.); to oppress, distress (على s.o.), bear down hard (على on s.o.) III to treat (ه s.o.) roughly or harshly IV to be in distress, be in a fix, in a predicament; to become impoverished, be reduced to poverty, be up against it, be in financial straits, live in straitened circumstances V to be difficult, hard, trying, adverse (على for s.o.) VI = V; X = V; to find (هـ s.th.) difficult, hard, trying, or adverse

عسر ‘usr difficulty, trying or distressful situation, predicament, plight, fix, pinch, press, straits, straightened circumstances, distress, poverty, destitution

عسر ‘asir hard, difficult; trying, distressing, adverse

عسر ‘usra = عسر ‘usr

عسير ‘asīr difficult, hard, harsh, rough; Asir (mountainous district in SW Arabia, between Hejaz and Yemen)

اعسر a‘sar2 left-handed; harder, more difficult

معسرة ma‘sara = عسر ‘usr

اعسار i‘sār poverty; financial straits, insolvency

تعسر ta‘assur difficulty

معسور ma‘sūr (living) in straitened circumstances

معسر mu‘sir (living) in straitened circumstances; poor, impoverished

متعسر muta‘assir hard, difficult, trying, distressing, adverse

عسعس ‘as‘asa to darken, grow dark

عسف ‘asafa i (‘asf) to act recklessly or thoughtlessly (في in s.th.), do (في s.th.) rashly; to treat unjustly, oppress, tyrannize (ه s.o.) II to overburden, overtask, overtax (ه s.o.) IV = II; V to do (هـ s.th.) at random, haphazardly, dispose arbitrarily (في of); to deviate, stray (عن from) VIII to do (هـ s.th.) at random, haphazardly; to deviate, stray (عن from); to go astray; to force, compel, coerce (ب ه s.o. to)

عسف ‘asūf injustice, oppression, tyranny

عسوف ‘asūf oppressor, despot, tyrant

عساف ‘assāf oppressor, despot, tyrant

تعسف ta‘assuf arbitrariness; an arbitrary, liberal, inaccurate manner of using the language; aberration; deviation

تعسفي ta‘assufī arbitrary; despotic, tyrannical

اعتساف i‘tisāf straying, aberration, deviation; coercion, compulsion, force

عسقلان ‘asqalān2 Ashkelon (seaport in SW Palestine)

عسكر ‘askar pl. عساكر ‘asākir2 army, host, troops | عساكر ضابطية (ḍābiṭīya) constabulary, police troops

عسكري ‘askarī military, army- (in compounds); pl. العسكريون the military; -- pl. عساكر ‘asākir2) soldier; private (mil.); policeman; pl. enlisted men, ranks

عسكرية ‘askarīya military service; militarism; soldiership, soldiery, soldierliness

معسكر mu‘askar pl. -āt military encampment, army camp; camp | معسكر الاعتقال concentration camp

عسل II to prepare or mix with honey (هـ s.th.); to sweeten, make sweet or pleasant (هـ s.th.)

عسل ‘asal pl. اعسال a‘sāl, عسول ‘usūl honey | عسل سكر ‘a. sukkar molasses, treacle; عسل اسود do.; شهر العسل šahr al-‘a. honeymoon

عسلي ‘asalī honey-colored, amber, brownish

عسال ‘assāl gatherer of honey; beekeeper, apiculturist

عسالة ‘asāla beehive

عيسلان ‘aisalān hyacinth (bot.)

معسلة ma‘sala beehive

تعسيلة ta‘sīla (eg.) nap, doze

معسول ma‘sūl: prepared with honey; honeyed, honeysweet

معسل mu‘assal: دخان معسل (dukān) a mild-tasting tobacco, due to its preparation with molasses, glycerine, fragrant oils or essences

عسلج ‘usluj pl. عسالج ‘asālij2 tender sprig, small twig, shoot

عسلوج ‘uslūj pl. عساليج ‘asālīj2 tender sprig, small twig, shoot

1 عسى ‘asā with foll. ان an and subjunctive: it might be, it could be that ..., possibly ..., maybe ..., perhaps | ما عسى ان يكون what might be ...?! ماذا عسى ان يكون what should I do! ما عسى ينفع هذا (yanfa‘u) of what use could this possibly be! ماذا عساه يقول what could he possibly say?

عسي ‘asīy appropriate, proper, fitting (with personal construction) | هو عسى ب, هم عسيون ب (ان ) it befits him (them) to or that he (they) it is proper for him (for them) to or that he (they) …

2 عاس ‘āsin dry, withered, wilted

عش II to build a nest, to nest; to take root, become established, settle in VIII to build a nest, to nest

عش ‘ušš pl. عشاش ‘išāš, اعشاش a‘šāš, عششة ‘išaša nest

عش ‘ušša, ‘išša pl. عشش ‘ušaš, ‘išaš hut, shanty, shack, hovel; arbor, bower

عشب ‘ašiba a, ‘ašuba u to be grassy, grass-covered (ground) II do.

عشب ‘ušb (coll.: n. un. ة ) pl. اعشاب a‘šāb (green) grass, herbage, plants; pasture

عشبة ‘ušba plant, herb

عشبي ‘ušbī herbaceous, herbal, vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds) | مجموعة عشبية herbarium

عشب ‘ašib grassy, abundant in grass

عشابة ‘ašāba luxuriant vegetation

معشب mu‘šib grassy, abundant in grass

عشتروت ‘aštarūt2 Astarte

عشر ‘ašara u to collect the tithe (ه from s.o., هـ of s.th.) II = I; to divide into tenths III to be on intimate terms, associate (closely) (ه with s.o.) VI to be on intimate terms, associate with one another, live together

عشر ‘ušr pl. اعشار a‘šār, عشور ‘ušūr one tenth, tenth part; tithe | عشر معشار ‘u. mi‘sār one hundredth

عشري ‘arī decimal (adj.)

اعشاري a‘šārī decimal (adj.)

عشرة ‘išra (intimate) association, intimacy, companionship, relations, (social) intercourse, company; conjugal community, community of husband and wife

عشرة ‘ašara (f. عشر ‘ašar) ten: العشر the first ten days of Muharram

ثلاثة عشر talātata ‘ašara (f. ثلاث عشرة talāta ‘ašrata) thirteen

عشرات ‘ašarāt some tens, tens (of); decades; (with foll. genit.) dozens of ..., scores of ...

عشار ‘išār (eg.) with young, pregnant (animal)

عشار ‘aššār collector of the tithe

عشير ‘ašīr pl. عشراء ‘ušarā’ companion, fellow, associate, friend, comrade

عشيرة ‘ašīra pl. عشائر ‘ašā’ir2 clan, kinsfolk, closest relatives; tribe; pl. العشائر (syr.) the Bedouins | حرس العشائر ḥaras al-‘a. Bedouin police (responsible for surveillance of the nomads)

عشائري ‘ašā’irī (syr.) Bedouin (adj.) | العرف العشائري (‘urf) the customary law of the Bedouins

عاشوراء ‘āšūrā’2, عشوراء ‘ašārā’2, يوم عاشوراء yaum ‘ā., ليلة عاشوراء lailat ‘ā. Ashura, name of a voluntary fast day on the tenth day of Moharram; day of mourning sacred to the Shiites, the anniversary of Husain’s martyrdom at Kerbela (10th of Muharram A. H. 60)

عشرون ‘išrūn twenty

معشر ma‘šar pl. معاشر ma‘āšir2 assemblage, community, company, society, group, troop; kinsfolk | يا معشر الشباب yā ma‘šara š-šabāb oh ye young men!

معشار mi‘šāar one tenth, tenth part

معاشرة mu‘āšara (intimate) association, intimacy, social relations, social intercourse; company, society, companionship; community, jointness

معاشر mu‘āšir companion, fellow, associate, friend, comrade

عشق ‘ašiqa a (‘išq) to love passionately (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be passionately in love (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.) II to fit tightly together, interjoin closely, dovetail (هـ s.th.); to couple, connect (هـ s.th.: techn.) V to court, woo (ها a woman), make love (ها to a woman)

عشق išq love, ardor of love, passion

عشيق ‘ašīq lover, sweetheart (m.)

عشيقة ‘ašīqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)

عشيق ‘iššīq lover

تعشيق ta‘šīq tight interjunction, dovetailing; coupling (techn.)

عاشق ‘āšiq pl. عشاق ‘uššāq lover; fancier, fan, -phile (in compounds); -- (pl. عواشق ‘awāšiq2) knucklebone; (game of) knucklebones

معشوق ma‘šūq lover, sweetheart (m.)

معشوقة ma‘šūqa beloved, sweetheart (f.)

(عشو and عشى) عشا ‘ašā u (‘ašw), and عشو ‘ašiya a (عشا ‘ašan) to be dim-sighted; to be night-blind II to make dim-sighted, make night-blind (ه s.o.); to give a dinner (ه for s.o.) IV to make dim-sighted (ه s.o., ه the eyes) V to have dinner (or supper), to dine, to sup

عشا ‘ašan dim-sightedness; nightblindness, nyctalopia

عشى ‘ašīy evening

عشاء ‘asa’ pl. اعشية a‘šiya dinner, supper | اعشاء السري (sirrī) the Lord’s supper, the Eucharist (Chr.)

عشاء ‘išā’ evening; (f.) evening prayer (Isl. Law)

عشوة ‘ašwa darkness, dark, gloom; dinner, supper

عشاوة ‘ašāwa dim-sightedness; night-blindness, nyctalopia

عشية ‘ašīya pl. -āt, عشايا ‘ašāyā (late) evening | عشية امس ‘ašīyata amsi last night, yesterday in the evening; بين عشية وضحاها (ḍuḥāhā) from one day to the other, overnight, all of a sudden

عشواء ‘ašwā’2 darkness, dark, gloom; also see اعشى a‘šā

اعشى a‘šā, f. عشواء ‘ašwā’ dim-sighted; night-blind, nyctalopic; blind, aimless, haphazard, desultory, senseless | يخبط خبط عشواء yakbiṭu kabṭa ‘ašwā’ he acts blindly, thoughtlessly, at random, haphazardly

عص aṣṣa a (‘aṣṣ, عصص ‘aṣaṣ) to be or become hard, harden

عصص ‘uṣaṣ, ‘uṣuṣ coccyx

عصب ‘aṣaba i (‘aṣb) to wind, fold, tie, bind, wrap (هـ على s.th. around or about s.th.); to bind up, bandage (هـ s.th.); to fold (هـ s.th.); to wrap (هـ the head) with a brow band, sash, or turban | عصب الريق فاه (rīqu fāhu) the saliva dried in hill mouth, clogged his mouth II to wind around, fold around, tie around, wrap around (هـ s.th.); to bind up, bandage (هـ s.th.); to wrap (هـ the head) with a brow band, sash, or turban V to wind the turban round one’s head, put on the turban; to apply a bandage, bandage o.s.; to take sides, to side (مع, ل with; على against); to cling obdurately or fanatically (ل to); to be fanatic, bigoted, be a fanatic, a zealot; to form a league, clique, group, team, gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to plot, conspire, collude, connive (على against) VIII to form a league, clique, group, team, gang, or coalition, gang up, team up; to go on strike, to strike

عصب ‘aṣab pl. اعصاب a‘ṣāb nerve; sinew

عصبي ‘aṣabī sinewy, nerved, nervy; nervous, neural, nerve-, neuro-, neur- (in compounds); nervous, high-strung | عصبي المزاج nervous, high-strung; الجهاز العصبي (jahāz) the nervous system; حالة عصبية nervousness, nervosity; ~I الضعف العصبي (ḍu‘f) neurasthenia

عصبية ‘aṣabīya nervousness, nervosity; -- (pl. -āt) zealous partisanship, bigotry, fanaticism; party spirit, team spirit, esprit de corps; tribal solidarity, racialism, clannishness, tribalism, national consciousness, nationalism

عصبة ‘aṣba pl. عصب ‘uṣab (eg.) a black headcloth with red or yellow border

عصبة pl. -āt and ‘uṣba pl. عصب ‘uṣab union, league, federation, association; group, troop, band, gang, clique; ‘aṣaba paternal relations, relationship, agnates | عصبة الأمم ‘uṣbat al-umam the League of Nations

عصيب ‘aṣib hot, crucial, critical (time, stage)

عصاب iṣāb band, ligature, dressing, bandage

عصابة ‘iṣāba pl. عصائب ‘aṣā’ib2 band, ligature, dressing, bondage; headcloth, headband, fillet; brow band, frontlet; -- (pl. -āt) union, league, federation, association; group, troop, band, gang | عصابات الخطف ‘i. al-kaṭf bands of robbers; حرب العصابات ḥarb al-‘i. guerilla war(fare)

تعصب ta‘aṣṣub fanaticism, ardent zeal, bigotry, fanatical enthusiasm; party spirit, partisanship; clannishness, racialism, race consciousness, tribalism

اعتصاب i‘tiṣāb pl. -āt strike

معصب muta‘aṣṣib fanatically enthusiastic (ل for); enthusiast, fanatic, bigot, zealot

عصيدة ‘aṣīda a thick paste made of flour and clarified butter

عصر ‘ṣara i (‘aṣr) to press (out), squeeze (out) (هـ s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.); to wring (هـ s.th., esp. wet clothes); to compress (هـ s.th.) III to be a contemporary (ه of s.o.); to be contemporaneous, coeval, or concomitant (هـ with) V to be pressed (out), be squeezed (out) VII = V VIII to press (out), squeeze (out) (هـ s.th., e.g., grapes, olives, etc.) | اعتصر جبينه (jabīnahū) to knit one’s brows (pensively)

عصر ‘aṣr (act of) pressing (out), squeezing (out); (act of) wringing (out); (pl. اعصر a‘ṣur, عصور ‘uṣūr, اعصار a‘ṣār) age, era, time; period; epoch; afternoon; (f.) afternoon prayer (Isl. Law) | العصر الحجري (ḥajarī) the Stone Age; العصر الحاضر the present (time), our time; في كل عصر ومصر (wa-maṣrin) always and everywhere, at any time and any place

عصرى ‘aṣrī modern, recent, present, actual, contemporary; (pl. -ūn) a contemporary

عصرية ‘aṣrīya modernism

عصير ‘asīr that which is pressed or squeezed out, (squeezed-out) juice, extract (also fig.); the best, the pick, the prime of s.th.

عصيرة ‘aṣīra (squeezed-out) juice

عصار ‘uṣār juice, sap

عصارة ‘uṣāra pl. -āt juice, sap (also physiol.)

عصارة ‘aṣṣāra pl. -āt press, squeezer; oil press; cane press (also عصارة القصب ‘a. al-qaṣab); wringer

عصاري يوم ‘aṣāriya yaumin one afternoon

اعصار i‘ṣār pl. اعاصير a‘āṣīr2 whirlwind, tornado, cyclone, hurricane | O ضد الإعصار ḍidd al-i. anticyclone

معصرة mi‘ṣara pl. معاصر ma‘āṣir2 press, squeezer; oil press; cane press

معصري ma‘ṣarī (tun.) a brand of lamp oil

معاصر mu‘āṣir contemporary, contemporaneous; a contemporary

عصعص ‘uṣ‘uṣ, ‘aṣ‘aṣ pl. عصاعص ‘aṣā‘iṣ coccyx

عصف ‘aṣafa i (‘aṣf, عصوف ‘uṣūf) to storm, rage, blow violently (wind); عصف به to blow s.th. away, carry s.th. away (wind); to shake s.o. thoroughly, through and through

عصف ‘aṣf storming, blowing; stalk and leaves of grain

عصف ‘aṣfa (n. vic.) gust of wind, blast

عصافة ‘uṣafa chaff; straw

عاصف ‘āṣif blowing violently | ريح عاصف (rīḥ) or ريح عاصفة violent wind, gale

عصف ‘āṣifa pl. عواصف ‘awāṣif violent wind, gale, tempest, storm, hurricane

1 عصفر ‘uṣfur safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; bot.); the red dyestuff prepared from its flower heads

معصفر mu‘aṣfar dyed with ‘uṣfur

2 عصفور ‘ufūr pl. عصافير ‘aṣāfīr2 sparrow; any small bird | عصفور الجنة ‘u. al-janna swallow; عصفور دوري (dūrī) house sparrow; عصفور مغن (mugannin) warbler; عصفور كناري (kanārī) canary; ضرب (اصاب) عصفورين بحجر (واحد ) (aṣāba, ‘uṣfūrraini bi-ḥajarin) to kill two birds with one stone; عصفور في اليد خير من الف على الشجرة (kairun min alfin, šajara) a bird in the hand is worth two in the bush (proverb)

عصفورة ‘uṣfūra female sparrow; dowel, pin, peg

عصفورية ‘uṣfūrīya (syr.) insane asylum, madhouse

عصل ‘aṣala u (‘aṣl) to bend, twist, warp (هـ s.th.); -- ‘aṣila a (‘aṣl) to be twisted; to warp (wood)

عصم ‘aṣama i (‘aṣam) to hold back, restrain, curb, check, prevent, hinder (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to preserve, guard, safeguard, protect, defend (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to immunize, render immune (ه s.o., med.) VIII to cling, keep, adhere (ب to); to seek shelter or refuge (ب with, in), take refuge, resort (ب to) ; to keep up, maintain, guard, preserve (ب s.th., e.g., بالصمت bi-ṣ-ṣamt silence, برباط الجأش bi-r. il-ja’š equanimity) X = VIII; to resist (a temptation)

عصمة ‘iṣma hindering, hindrance, prevention, obviation; preservation, guarding, safeguarding; defense; protection; chastity, purity, modesty, virtuousness; impeccance, sinlessness, infallibility | صاحبة العصمة title of ladies of high social standing; عصمة النكاح the bond of marriage; في عصمة فلان under s.o.’s custody, protection, or power; married to s.o.; جعلت عصمتها في يدها ja‘alat ‘iṣmatahā fī yadihā she made herself independent; she became or remained independent; فك عصمتها من زوجها fakka ‘iṣmatahā min zaujihā to revoke the husband’s matrimonial authority over his wife (jur.)

عصام ‘iṣām pl. اعصمة a‘ṣima, عصم ‘uṣum, عصام ‘iṣām strap, thong

عصامي ‘iṣāmī noble, eminent, distinguished (due to one’s own merits, as opposed to عظامي ‘iẓāmī); self-made; (pl. -ūn) self-made man

عصامية ‘iṣāmīya self-made success

اعصم a‘ṣam2, f. عصماء ‘aṣmā’2, pl. عصم ‘uṣm having a white foot (animal); excellent, valuable, precious | اندر من الغراب الأعصم (gurāb) rarer than a white-footed crow (proverbially of s.th. rare)

معصم mi‘ṣam pl. معاصم ma‘āṣim2 wrist

O معصم ma‘ṣam pl. معاصم ma‘āṣim2 traffic island, safety isle

اعتصام i‘tiṣām clinging, adherence (ب to), maintenance, preservation, guarding, safeguarding

عاصم ‘āṣim protector, guardian

عاصمة ‘āṣima pl. عواصم ‘awāṣim2 capital city, metropolis

معصوم ma‘ṣūm inviolable, sacrosanct, protected by the laws of vendetta (Isl. Law); infallible, sinless, impeccant, impeccable | معصوم من الزلل (zalal) infallible

عصا (عصو ) ‘aṣan (f.) pl. عصى ‘uṣīy, ‘iṣīy, اعص a‘ṣin staff, rod; wand; stick; walking stick, cane; scepter, mace; (field marshal’s) baton | عصا المارشالية ‘a. l-māršālīya field marshal’s baton; لعب العصا la‘b al-‘a. (eg. = تخطيب ) singlestick fencing (a popular game, esp. in rural areas); شق العصا (šaqqa) to dissent, secede from the community; شق عصا الطاعة to rebel, revolt, renounce allegiance; شق عصا القوم (‘aṣā l-qaum) to sow dissension among the people; انشقت عصاهم (inšaqqat) they fell out (with one another), broke with one another

عصاة ‘aṣāh staff, rod; wand; stick

عصاية ‘aṣāya staff, rod; wand; stick; walking stick, cane

عصية ‘uṣayya little stick, little rod; O bacillus

عصى ‘aṣā i (‘aṣīy, معصية ma‘ṣiya, عصيان ‘iṣyān) to disobey, resist, oppose, defy (هـ ه s.o. in s.th.), refuse, or renounce, one’s obedience (هـ, ه to s.o. in s.th.), rebel, revolt (ه against s.o.) III = I; V to be or become difficult, intricate, or involved (affair) VI to be difficult, hard, inaccessible, or impossible (على for s.o.); to refuse (عن to do s.th.) VIII = V X to resist, oppose, withstand, defy (على s.o., s.th.), revolt, rebel (على against s.o.); to be recalcitrant, insubordinate, rebellious; to be difficult, hard (على for s.o.); to be malignant, insidious, incurable (disease); to elude, escape, defy (عن s.th.), be beyond s.th. (عن ); (of an instrument, machine, etc.) to fail, break down (على on s.o.), refuse to work (على for s.o.), fail to operate

عصى ‘aṣīy pl. -ūn, اعصياء a‘ṣiyā’2 rebel; intractable, refractory, recalcitrant | عصي النطق ‘aṣīy an-nuṭq unable to speak, incapable of speech

عصيان ‘iṣyān disobedience, insubordination, refractoriness; insurrection, revolt, rebellion, sedition

معصية ma‘ṣiya disobedience, insubordination, refractoriness; insurrection, sedition, revolt, rebellion; (pl. معاص ma‘āṣin) sin

استعصاء isti‘ṣā’ refractoriness, recalcitrance, obstinacy; impenetrability, unfathomableness; difficulty; malignancy, virulence, insidiousness; mechanical failure, breakdown, malfunction; jam, misfire (of a firearm)

عاص ‘āṣin pl. عصاة ‘uṣāh disobedient, insubordinate, rebellious, mutinous, riotous, seditious, subversive; rebel, insurgent; sinning, sinful

متعص muta‘āṣṣin difficult, intricate, implicated, involved, delicate; incurable, irremediable

مستعص musta‘ṣin difficult, intricate, implicated, involved, delicate; incurable, irremediable

عض ‘aḍḍa (1st pers. perf. ‘aḍiḍtu) a (‘aḍḍ, عضيض ‘aḍīḍ) to grab with the teeth, bite (ب or على or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to bite into s.th. (هـ ); to hold on, cling, cleave (ب to); to torment (ه s.o., e.g., hunger) | عضه الزمان (zamānu) or عضه الدهر بنابه ‘aḍḍahū d-dahru bi-nābihī time, or fate, gave him a raw deal, heaped trials and tribulations upon him, he suffered reverses II to bite fiercely or frequently (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

عض ‘iḍḍ small prickly shrubs, brambles

عضة ‘aḍḍa a bite

عضاض ‘aḍāḍ (given to) biting, snappish, mordacious

عضوض ‘aḍūḍ (given to) biting, snappish, mordacious

عضب ‘aḍb sharp, caustic, acid (tongue)

عضد ‘aḍada u (‘aḍd) to help, aid, assist, support, back (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), stand up (ه for s.o.), advocate (هـ s.th.) II and III = I; VI to help, assist, or support one another, give mutual help, assistance, or support; to work hand in hand, cooperate

عضد ‘aḍud help, aid, assistance, support, backing; helper, aide, assistant, supporter, backer

عضد ‘aḍud (m. and f.) pl. اعضاد a‘ḍād upper arm; strength, power, vigor, force | شد عضده (‘aḍudahū) to aid, assist s.o., stand by s.o.; هو عضده المتين he is an indispensable aid to him

تعضيد ta‘ḍīd help, aid, assistance, support, backing

معاضدة mu‘āḍada help, aid, assistance, support, backing

تعاضد ta‘āḍud mutual aid, mutual assistance, cooperation

تعاضدي ta‘āḍudī cooperative (adj.)

معضد mu‘aḍḍid helper, aide, assistant, supporter, backer

عضل ‘aḍila a (‘aḍal) to be or become muscular; -- ‘aḍala IV (‘aḍl) to prevent (ها a woman) from marrying IV to be or become difficult, problematic, puzzling, enigmatic, or mysterious (ب or ه for s.o.) | اعضل الداء الأطباء (aṭibbā’) the disease defied all medical skill, gave the physicians a headache, posed a puzzling problem for the doctors V تعضل الداء الأطباء = اعضل الداء الأطباء

عضل ‘aḍil muscular, brawny

عضلة ‘aḍala pl. -āt, عضل ‘aḍal muscle | عضلة باسطة extensor; عضلة قابضة flexor

عضلي ‘aḍalī muscle-, musculo-, muscul- (in compounds), muscular

عضال ‘uḍāl inveterate, chronic, incurable (disease)

معضل mu‘ḍil difficult, problematic, puzzling, enigmatic, mysterious

معضلة mu‘ḍila pl. -āt, معاضل ma‘āḍil2 difficulty, problem, dilemma, puzzle, enigma

عضاه ‘iḍāh fair-sized thorny shrubs

عضو ‘uḍw pl. اعضاء a‘ḍā’ member, limb, organ (of the body); member (of an organization) | عضو اصلي (aṣlī) regular member; عضو التأنيث pistil (bot.); عضو احتياطي (iḥtiyāṭī) substitute member, alternate member; عضو التذكير stamen (bot.); عضو فخري

(fakrī) honorary member; اعضاء التناسل a. at-tanāsul and الأعضاء الدقيقة the sexual organs, the genitals; الدوا الأعضاء (duwal) the member states; علم وظائف الأعضاء ‘ilm w. al-a. physiology

عضوات ‘aḍawāt female members

عضوي ‘uḍwī organic; لاعضوي or غير عضوي inorganic | كتلة عضوية (kutla) organism

عضوية ‘uḍwīya pl. -āt membership; organism

عطب ‘aṭiba a (‘aṭab) to perish, be destroyed, be ruined II to ruin, destroy, wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (هـ s.th.); to spice, mull (هـ s.th.); to brew, mix (هـ a drink) IV to ruin, destroy, wreck, damage, injure, impair, mar, spoil (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to be damaged VIII = I

عطب ‘aṭab perdition; wreck (e.g., of ships); destruction, ruin; damage, injury

تعطيب ta‘ṭīb damaging, ruin(ing), wreck, destruction

تعطب ta‘attub a suffering of damage, impairment, ruin

عطر II to perfume, scent (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to perfume o.s.

عطر ‘iṭr pl. عطور ‘uṭūr, عطورات ‘uṭūrāt perfume, scent; essence | عطر الورد ‘i. al-ward attar of roses, rose oil

عطر ‘aṭir sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic | سمعة عطرة (sum‘a) brilliant or excellent reputation

عطري ‘iṭrī sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic

عطرية ‘iṭrīya pl. -āt aromatic, perfume, scent

عطار ‘aṭṭār perfumer, perfume vendor; druggist

عطارة ‘iṭāra drug business; perfumeries; drugs

عطار ‘aṭṭār sweet-smelling, fragrant, aromatic | اثنى عليه عاطر الثناء atnā ‘alaihi ‘āṭira t-tanā’ to extol s.o. to the skies

معطر mu‘aṭṭar perfumed, scented

عطارد ‘uṭārid2 (the planet) Mercury

عطس ‘aṭasa i u (‘aṭs, عطاس ‘uṭās) to sneeze II to cause (ه s.o.) to sneeze

عطسة ‘aṭsa (n. vic.) a sneeze

عطس ‘uṭṭāš sneezing, sneezes

عاطوس ‘āṭūs snuff (tobacco)

معطس ma‘ṭiš pl. معاطس ma‘āṭis2 nose

عطش ‘aṭiša a (‘atāš) to be thirsty, to thirst; to long, languish, thirst (الى for) II to make thirsty, cause to thirst (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV = II; V to thirst, languish, long, yearn (الى for)

عطش ‘aṭaš thirst

عاطش ‘āṭiš thirsty; dry, parched (soil)

عطشان ‘aṭšān2, f. عطشى ‘aṭšā pl. عطاش ‘iṭāš thirsty; covetous, desirous (الى of), languishing, yearning, craving (الى for)

عاطش ‘āṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous (الى of), languishing, yearning, craving (الى for)

متعطش muta‘aṭṭiš thirsty; covetous, desirous (الى of), languishing, yearning, craving (الى for)

عطشجي ‘aṭašjī pl. عطشجيات ‘aṭašjīya stoker, fireman

عطعط ‘aṭ‘aṭa to clamor, yell; to be uproarious, very noisy

عطف ‘at`tafa i (‘at`tf) to bend, incline, bow (هـ s.th.); to incline, lean (الى toward, to); to be favorably disposed (على toward s.o.), be attached (على to s.o.), harbor affection (على for), be fond (على of s.o.), have or feel compassion, sympathize (على with s.o.), feel (على for s.o.); to turn away (عن from); عطف به to incline, dispose s.o. (على toward), awaken affection or sympathy (على for) or interest (على in s.th.); عطف به على to make s.o. appreciate s.th., bring s.th. close to s.o.’s heart; عطف به عن to dissuade, alienate s.o. from II to fold, double, fold up (هـ s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) favorably disposed; to soften s.o.’s (ه ) heart, move s.o.; to awaken affection, sympathy, tenderness (ه in s.o., على for); to fill with affection, love, etc. (ه s.o., هـ s.o.’s heart, على or نحو for) V to be favorably disposed (على toward s.o.), be attached (على to s.o.), be fond (على of s.o.), have or feel compassion, sympathize (على with s.o.), feel (على for s.o.); to deign (ب to do s.th.) | تعطف بالعطاف to put on a coat, wrap o.s. in a coat or cloak VI to harbor mutual affection, be attached to one another VII to be bent, inclined, crooked, or curved; to bend, curve; to bow, make a bow; to turn off (الى toward, to), turn, swing (الى into a road, etc.); to be favorably disposed (الى, على toward), be attached (الى, على to), be fond (الى, على of), have or feel compassion, sympathize (الى, على with), feel (الى, على for s.o.); to turn away, turn around VIII اعتطف بالعطاف = تعطف بالعطاف X to ask for, or seek, s.o.’s (ه ) compassion or sympathy; to entreat, beseech, implore (ه s.o.); to affect winning or conciliatory manners, display affection; to seek to conciliate, propitiate, or win over (خاطره kāṭirahū or ه s.o.); to seek to be friends (ه with s.o.); to try to attract or win (هـ s.th.)

عطف ‘aṭf bond(ing), inclination, curving, curvature; corner; sympathy (على with), affection, attachment, liking (على for) | اداة (حرف) العطف adāt (ḥarf) al-‘a. conjunction (gram.); عطف البيان ‘a. al-bayān explicative apposition (gram.)

عطف ‘iṭf pl. اعطاف a‘ṭāf side (of the body) | لين الأعطاف layyin al-a. tractable, docile, pliant; ترنحت الأعطاف (tarannaḥat) they were carried away, became ecstatic; ضم بين أعطافه to combine, encompass, comprise s.th.

عطفة ‘aṭfa turn, turning, twist, curve, bend; (pl. -āt, عطف ‘uṭaf) blind alley, dead and (eg.)

عطاف ‘iṭāf pl. عطف ‘uṭuf, اعطفة a‘ṭifa coat, cloak

عطوف ‘aṭūf compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender, kind

عطوفة ‘uṭūfa affection, attachment, benevolence, good will; (as an honorific title before the name = صاحب العطوفة His Grace

معطف mi‘ṭaf pl. معاطف ma‘āṭif2 coat, overcoat; smock, frock | معطف مشمع (mušamma‘) (impregnated) raincoat; معطف فرو m. farw fur coat

انعطاف in‘iṭāf inclination, bind(ing), curving, curvature; sympathy, compassion; liking, attachment, affection

استعطاف isti‘ṭāf imploring, entreaty, earnest supplication; tender affection; conciliatory attitude

عاطف ‘āṭif compassionate, sympathetic, affectionate, loving, tender, kind | حرف عاطف (ḥarf) conjunction (gram.)

عاطفة ‘āṭifa pl. عواطف ‘awāṭif2 amorous affection; affectionate benevolence, solicitude, sympathy, compassion, affection, attachment, liking, kind(li)ness; feeling, sentiment

عاطفي ‘āṭifī sentimental; emotional; emotive, feeling; tender, affectionate, loving

عاطفية ‘āṭifīya sentimentality; emotionalism, emotionality

منعطف mun‘aṭaf pl. -āt (road) turn, curve; turn, turning, winding, tortuosity, twist, bend; lane, alley, narrow street

عطف musta‘ṭaf imploring, beseeching, supplicatory; tender, affectionate

عطل ‘aṭala a (‘aṭal) to he destitute, he devoid (من of s.th.), lack (من s.th.); to be idle, not to work, rest; to he without work, he unemployed II to leave without care, to neglect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to leave without work, leave idle (هـ ه s.o. s.th.); to hinder, hamper, impede, obstruct (هـ s.th.); to interrupt, suspend, defer, discontinue, stop (هـ s.th., esp. some activity); to ban temporarily, suspend (هـ s.th., esp. publication of a newspaper); to damage (gravely), destroy, ruin, wreck, paralyze, neutralize, put out of service or commission, lay up; put out of action, make inoperative (هـ s.th.); to stop, shut off (هـ s.th., e.g., a motor); to shut down, keep closed (هـ s.th., e.g., an office) V to remain without work or employment; to he or become unemployed (also تعطل عن العمل ); to be or become idle, inactive; to be hindered, hampered, impeded, obstructed, delayed, suspended, deferred, or interrupted; to stop, stall (motor, machine); to fail (apparatus); to he (gravely) damaged. be or be put out of action or commission; to be shut down, be or remain closed; to he no longer valid, be ineffective (statutes)

عطل ‘uṭl destitute, devoid (من of s.th.); impairedness, defectiveness, (gravely) damaged state; damage, loss

عطل ‘aṭal unemployment

عطلة ‘uṭla unemployment, also عطلة عن الشغل (šugl); leisure, holidays, vacation(s), recess; (pl. -āt, عطل ‘uṭal) holiday, off day, free day | عطلة رسمية (rasmīya) official, or legal, holiday; ايام العطلات الرسمية (ayyām al-‘u.) official, or legal, holidays; عطلة الأسبوع ‘u. al-usbū‘ weekend; عطلة قضائية (qaḍā’īya) court recess (jur.); عطلة نهاية الأسبوع ‘u. nihāyat al-usbū‘ weekend

عطالة ‘aṭāla unemployment

تعطيل ta‘ṭīl hindering, obstruction, hampering; discontinuance, interruption, deferment, suspension (of some activity); temporary ban, suspension (of a newspaper); impairment, damaging, destruction, ruining, wrecking, injury; paralyzation, neutralization, stoppage (e.g., of traffic); stopping, shutting-off (of a motor); shutdown, closure (of an office); a theological concept denying God all attributes (as opposed to tašbīš; theol.) | تعطيل حركة المرور t. ḥarakat al-murūr traffic congestion

تعطل ta‘aṭṭul unemployment; inactivity, idleness; (mechanical) failure, breakdown; standstill | تعطل عن العمل (‘amal) unemployment

عاطل ‘āṭil destitute, devoid (من of s.th.); inactive. idle, out of work, jobless, unemployed; an unemployed person; useless | عضو عاطل (‘uḍw) functionless organ (biol.)

عواطل ‘awāṭil2 vacations, holidays

معطل mu‘aṭṭil one who denies God all attributes (theol.)

معطل mu‘ṭṭal inactive, idle, out of work, jobless, unemployed; inoperative, out of action, service, or commission, shut-down; stopped, shut-off (motor); closed (office)

عطن ‘aṭan i u (‘aṭn) to soak (الجلد al-jilda the skin or hide so as to remove the hair, in tanning); to macerate (الكتان al-kattāna the flax); -- ‘aṭina a (‘aṭan) to rot, decay, putrefy (skin, hide, in tanning) II = I ‘aṭana

عطن ‘aṭan resting place of camels near a waterhole | ضيق العطن ḍayyiq al-‘a. narrow-minded, parochial; رحب العطن raḥb al-‘a. broad-minded

عطن ‘aṭin putrid, rotten, stinking

عطين ‘aṭīn putrid, rotten, stinking

عطان ‘iṭān tanbark

عطو III to give (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) IV to give (هـ ل or ه to s.o. s.th.); to present, hand over, offer (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to grant, award, accord (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to present (هـ ه s.o. with s.th.), bestow (هـ ه upon s.o. s.th.); pass. u‘ṭiya to get, obtain, receive (هـ s.th.) | اعطى دروسا to give lessons; اعطى اقواله (aqwālahū) to give evidence, give one’s testimony (jur.); اعطى له الكلمة (kalimata) to allow s.o. to speak; اعطاه بيده (bi-yadihī) to surrender or submit to s.o. V to ask for charity, ask for alms (ه s.o.); to beg VI to take (هـ s.th.); to swallow, take (هـ a medicine); to take over, assume, undertake, take upon o.s. (هـ a task); to occupy o.s., be occupied or buoy (هـ with s.th.), be engaged (هـ in s.th.), pursue, practice (هـ an activity) X = V

عطا ‘aṭan gift, present

عطاء ‘aṭā’ pl. a‘tiys gift, present; (pl. -āt) offer, tender | قدم عطاء (qaddama) to make an offer or tender

عطية ‘aṭīya pl. عطايا ‘aṭāyā gift, present

معاطاة mu‘āṭāh exercise, practice, pursuit (of an activity)

اعطاء i‘ṭā’ donation; presentation, grant(ing), award(ing)

تعاط ta‘āṭin pursuit, practice (of an activity)

استعطاء isti‘ṭā’ begging, mendicity

معط mu‘ṭin giver, donor

معطى mu‘ṭan given; (pl. -āt) given quantity (math.)

مستعط musta‘ṭin beggar

عظل III عاظل الكلام (kalāma) to be repetitious in one’s speech, use tautologisms, repeat o.s. in speaking

عظم ‘aẓuma u (‘iẓam, عظامة ‘aẓāma) to be or become great, big, large, grand, grandiose, magnificent, imposing, powerful, or mighty; to be huge, vast, enormous, tremendous, immense, stupendous; to be hard, distressing, painful, agonizing, or oppressive (على for s.o.) II to make, or cause to become, great(er), big(ger), large(r), (more) grandiose, (more) imposing, (more) magnificent, mighty or mightier, (more) powerful (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.), enhance the greatness, grandeur, magnificence, power, or might (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.); to enlarge, enhance, magnify (هـ s.th.); to aggrandize, glorify, extol, exalt (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV = II; to attach great importance (هـ to s.th.); to regard (هـ s.th.) as huge, vast, tremendous, enormous, immense, or stupendous; to find (هـ s.th.) hard, distressing, or oppressive V to be proud (ب of s.th.); to boast (ب of), vaunt, flaunt (ب s.th.); to he arrogant, presumptuous, haughty VI to be proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty, supercilious; to be great, grand, grandiose, imposing, huge, prodigious; to equal in weight, significance or importance (هـ s.th.); to be weighty, grave, serious, portentous (ه for s.o.) | لا يتعاظمه شأن العدو (ša’nu l-‘adūw) the enemy’s importance does not unduly impress him X to be proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty, supercilious; to regard as great, significant, or important (هـ s.th.)

عظم ‘aẓm pl. اعظم a‘ẓum, عظام ‘iẓām bone | عظم الساق shinbone; مسحوق العظام bone meal; لين العظام līn al-‘i. softening of the bones, osteomalacia

عظمي ‘aẓmī bone-, osteo- (in compounds) osseous, bony

عظم ‘iẓam, ‘uẓm greatness, magnitude, grandeur, power, might; significance, importance

عظمة ‘aẓma piece of bone; bone

عظمة ‘aẓama majesty; pride, arrogance, haughtiness; exaltedness, sublimity, augustness | صاحب العظمة His Majesty; His Highness; عظمة السلطان ‘a. as-sulṭān His Highness, the Sultan

عظموت ‘aẓamūt greatness, magnitude, grandeur, power, might

عظيم ‘aẓīm pl. عظماء ‘uẓamā’2, عظام ‘iẓām, عظائم ‘aẓā’im2 great, big, large; strong, powerful, mighty; significant, important; grand, grandiose, imposing, stately, magnificent; lofty, exalted, august, sublime, splendid, gorgeous, glorious, superb; huge, vast, prodigious, enormous, tremendous, immense, stupendous; hard, distressing, gruesome, trying, oppressive | فرصة عظيمة (furṣa) golden opportunity; عظائم الأمور great or terrible things; العظماء والكبراء (kubarā’) the great of the world

عظيمة ‘aẓīma pl. عظائم ‘aẓā’im2 a prodigious, terrible thing; great misfortune, calamity, disaster

عظامي ‘iẓāmī of noble descent, highborn, aristocratic, noble, blue-blooded, of or pertaining to nobility; aristocrat, nobleman

اعظم a‘ẓam2, f. عظمى ‘uẓmā, pl. اعاظم a‘āẓim2 greater, bigger; mare significant, more important; greatest, major, supreme; most significant, paramount | اعاظم رجال مصر a. r. miṣr the most outstanding men of Cairo; جريمة عظمى capital crime; الحرب العظمى (ḥarb) World War I; السواد الأعظم (sawād) the great mass, the great majority, the major portion (of the people); الصدر الأعظم (ṣadr) (formerly:) title of the Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (Ott.-Turk.: ṣadr-i a‘ẓam)

تعظيم ta‘ẓīm aggrandizement, glorification, exaltation; military salute

معظم mu‘aẓẓam glorified, exalted, revered, venerated; sublime, august (esp. of rulers); splendid, gorgeous, glorious, magnificent, resplendent; bony; ossified

معظم mu‘aẓzam most of (them), the majority, major part or portion (of), main part; maximum | في معظمه mostly, for the moot part, largely

متعاظم muta‘āẓim proud, arrogant, presumptuous, haughty, supercilious

عظة ‘iẓa see وعظ

عف ‘affa i (عفة ‘iffa, عفاف ‘afāf) to refrain, abstain (عن from s.th. forbidden or indecent); to be abstinent, continent, virtuous, chaste, modest, decent, pure V = I; to shrink (عن from), be shy (عن of), be ashamed

عف ‘aff chute, modest, virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright, righteous

عفة ‘iffa abstinence, continence, virtuousness, virtue, chastity, decency; purity; modesty; integrity, probity, honesty, uprightness, righteousness

عفاف ‘afāf = عفة ‘iffa

عفيف ‘afīf pl. اعفاء a‘fā’2, اعفة a‘iffa chaste, modest, virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright, righteous

اعف a‘aff2 chaster, more virtuous; more decent, of greater integrity

تعفف ta‘affuf abstinence, continence, chastity, modesty; restraint

متعفف muta‘affif chute, modest, virtuous, pure; decent; honest, upright righteous

عفر ‘afara i (‘afr) to cover with dust, to soil, begrime (also بالتراب bi-t-turāb; هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II = I; to dust, sprinkle with dust or powder (هـ s.th.); to glean

عفر ‘afar pl. اعفار a‘far dust

عفر ‘ufār (eg.) duet

O عفارة ‘afāra pl. -āt spray, atomizer

اعفر a‘far2, f. عفراء ‘afrā’2 dust-colored, earth-colored

يعفور ya‘fūr pl. يعافير ya‘āfīr2 earthcolored gazelle

تعفير ta‘fīr (act of) dusting, sprinkling with dust or powder

عفرت II ta‘frata to behave like a demon or devil

عفريت ‘ifrīt pl. ‘afārīt2 malicious, mischievous; sly, cunning, crafty, wily; afreet, demon, imp, devil; (eg.) naughty child | ولد عفريت (walad) mischievous child, good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well (eg.)

عفريتة ‘afrīta (lifting) jack (eg.)

عفرتة ‘afrata devilry; dirty trick

عفارم ‘afārim (eg.) bravo! well done!

عفش ’afaša i (‘afš) to gather, collect, heap up, amass (هـ s.th.)

عفش ‘afš refuse, rubbish, trash, junk;

luggage, baggage; household effects, furniture

عفاشة ‘afāša: عفاشة من الناس worthless people

عفص ‘afṣ, galls, gallnuts, oak apples

عفص ‘afṣ sharp, pungent, acrid, astringent and bitter (of taste)

عفوصة ‘ufūṣa sharpness, pungency, acridity, astringence (of taste)

عفن ‘afina a (‘afan, عفونة ‘ufūna) to rot, decay, putrefy, spoil; to be rotten, decayed, putrid spoiled; to be or become moldy, musty, mildewy, decomposed V = I

عفن ‘afan rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness

عفن ‘afin rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty, mildewy; septic | الحمى العفنة (ḥummā) putrid fever

عفونة ‘ufūna rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness

تعفن ta‘affun rottenness, putridity, decay, spoiledness

معفن mu‘affan rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty mildewy; septic

متعفن muta‘affin rotten, putrid, decayed, decomposed, spoiled, moldy, musty, mildewy; septic

عفا (عفو ) ‘afā u (‘afw, عفاء ‘afā) to be or become effaced, obliterated, wiped out, eliminated; -- ‘afā u (‘afw) to efface, obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (عن or هـ s.th.); to forgive (عن s.o.); to excuse, free, relieve, exempt (عن ل s.o. from s.th.); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from) II to efface, obliterate, wipe out, eliminate (على or هـ s.th.) III and IV to restore to health, heal, cure (ه s.o.); to guard (عن or من ه s.o. against), protect, save (عن or من ه s.o. from); to free, release, relieve, exempt, except (هـ, ه s.o., s.th. عن or من from), excuse, dispense (عن or من ه s.o. from s.th.) IV to dismiss, discharge, fire, depose (ه s.o.) VI to recuperate, recover, regain health VIII to call on s.o. (ه ) in order to obtain s.th. X to ask s.o.’s (ه ) pardon, ask for a reprieve (ه s.o.); to request (ه of s.o.) exemption (من from s.th.); to tender one’s resignation (من from an office); to resign (من from an office)

عفو ‘afw effacement, obliteration, elimination; pardon, forgiveness; waiver of punishment (Isl. Law); amnesty (عن for); boon, kindness, favor; surplus; عفوا ‘afwan I beg your pardon! excuse me! (in reply to “thank you”) you’re welcome! don’t mention it!; of one’s own accord, by o.s., spontaneously; casually; without design, in passing, incidentally I

(شامل) عفو عام (‘āmm) amnesty (عن for); حق العفو عن العقوبة (ḥaqq al-‘a., ‘uqūba) right of granting pardon (jur.); عفو الخاطر ‘afwa l-kāṭir spontaneously, unhesitatingly, casually

عفو ‘afw pl. عفاء ‘afā’ young donkey

عفوي ‘afwī spontaneous

عفي ‘afīy (eg.) strong, vigorous, husky, robust

عفاء ‘afā’ effacement, obliteration, extinction, ruin, fall; dust | ادركه العفاء adrakahū l-‘afā’u to fall into disuse, pass out of use; عليه العفاء it’s all over with him, he is done for

معافاة muāfāh exemption, excuse, dispensation

اعفاء i‘fā’ exemption (from a fee, and the like), excuse, dispensation; remission (of punishment); discharge, dismissal (from an office)

استعفاء isti‘fā’ request for pardon; excuse, apology; resignation (من from an office)

عاف ‘āfin effaced, obliterated, wiped out, eliminated

عافية ‘āfiya (good) health, well-being; vigor, vitality

معافى mu‘āfan exempt(ed), free, excused, dispensed (من from); healthy

عق ‘aqqa u (‘aqq) to cleave, split, rip, rend (هـ s.th.); -- ‘aqqa u (عقوق ‘uqūq) to be disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (اباه abāhu or والده wālidahū toward his father, of a child)

عق ‘aqq disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)

عقيق ‘aqīq (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. عقائق ‘aqā’iq2 carnelian; (pl. اعقة a‘iqqa) canyon, gorge, ravine

عقيقي ‘aqīqī carnelian-red

عقوق ‘uqūq disobedience, unruliness, refractoriness, recalcitrance (of a child)

اعق a‘aqq2 more irreverent, more disrespectful, naughtier | ما اعقك (a‘aqqaka) how irreverent you are!

عاق ‘āqq disobedient, disrespectful, undutiful, refractory, recalcitrant (child)

عقب ‘aqaba u (‘aqb) to follow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to come after, ensue; to continue II to follow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to pursue, follow, trail (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to expose, compromise, show up (على s.o.); to revise, correct, rectify, amend; to review critically, criticize (على s.th.), comment (على on s.th.) | عقب آثاره to tread in s.o.’s footsteps III to alternate, take turns (ه with s.o.); to punish (على or ب ه s.o. for) IV to follow (هـ ه s.o., s.th. or after s.o., after s.th.), succeed (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to come after, ensue; to have for son (ه s.o.), be the father (ه of a son); to have as offspring, have sired (ه s.o.); to revert from evil to good, mend one’s ways, reform; to end well, succeed, V to pursue, follow, trail (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VI to be successive or consecutive, succeed one another, follow one after the other; to dart one by one (على upon), launch successive attacks, act successively, embark successively (على upon)

عقب ‘aqib, ‘aqb pl. اعقاب a‘qāb heal; last part of s.th., end; that which follows subsequently or ensues, subsequence (with foll. genit.); grandson; offspring, progeny; ‘aqiba (prep.) immediately after, subsequent to | جاء عقبه (‘aqibahū) or جاء بعقبه, جاء في عقبه he came closely after him; على عقب ‘alā ‘aqibi immediately after ...; رجع (عاد) على عقبيه (‘aqibaihi) pl. رجعوا (عادوا) على اعقابهم to retrace one’s steps, turn back; رده على عقبيه (raddahū) pl. ردهم على اعقابهم to drive s.o. back to where he came from; ارتد على عقبيه (irtadda) pl. ارتدوا على اعقابهم to withdraw, retreat; رأسا على عقب (ra’san) head over heels, topsy-turvy, upside down; from the ground up, radically; ظهرا على عقب (ẓahran) do.; في اعقاب الشهر (a. iš-šahr) at the end of the month; اعقاب الصلوات a. aṣ-ṣalawāt (supererogatory) prayers performed after the prescribed salat; في اعقاب الليلة at daybreak, immediately after night was over

عقب ‘uqb pl. اعقاب a‘qāb end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence; rest, remnant, remainder; (cigarette, etc.) end, butt, stub (of a pencil, of a candle, of a check, etc.); counterfoil

عقب ‘aqaba pl. عقاب ‘iqāb steep road or track, steep incline; pass, mountain road; العقبة or قلعة العقبة qal‘at al-‘a. هـ qaba (seaport in SW Jordan): (pl. -āt, عقاب ‘iqāb) obstacle; difficulty | وقف عقبة دون (‘aqabatan) to stand in the way of s.th., obstruct s.th.

عقيب ‘aqīb one who, or that which, succeeds or is subsequent; following, subsequent | عقيب ذلك (‘aqība) thereafter, afterwards, subsequently

عقاب ‘uqāb (usually f.) pl. اعقب a‘qub, عقبان ‘iqbān eagle; العقاب هـ quila (astron.)

عقابي ‘uqābī eagle, (in compounds), aquiline

عقيب ‘uqayyib a small eagle, Eaglet

عقوبة ‘uqūba pl. -āt punishment, penalty; pl. punitive measures, sanctions | عقوبات اقتصادية (iqtiṣādīya) economic sanctions; قانون العقوبات penal code

عقوبي ‘uqūbī penal, punitive

عقبى ‘uqbā end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence

يعقوب ya‘qūb2 Jacob, James; ya‘qūb (pl. يعاقيب ya‘āqīb2) male mountain quail (zool.) | لحاجة في نفس يعقوب li-hājatin fī nafsi y. for some unknown reason, from secret motives

يعقوبي ya‘qūbī pl. يعاقبة ya‘āqiba a Jacobite, an adherent of Jacob Baradai; Jacobite (adj.; Chr.)

تعقيب ta‘qīb pl. -āt pursuit, chase; investigation; comment(ing); appeal (of a sentence, jur.) | دائرة التعقيب court of review, appellate court (Tun.)

معاقبة mu‘āqaba infliction of punishment, punishment; pl. معاقبات sanctions (pol.)

عقاب ‘iqāb infliction of punishment, punishment; penalty

عقابي ‘iqābī penal, punitive

تعقب ta‘aqqub pl. -āt pursuit, chase; investigation

تعاقب ta‘āqub succession | على تعاقب العصور in the course of centuries

عاقب ‘āqib: على العاقب successively

عاقبة aqiba pl. عواقب ‘awāqib2 end, outcome, upshot; issue, effect, result, consequence | سليم العاقبة benign (disease)

معاقب mu‘āqib alternate; punisher

متعاقب muta‘āqib successive, consecutive, uninterrupted, continuous

عقد ‘aqada i (‘aqd) to knit, knot, tie (هـ s.th.) to fasten with a knot (هـ s.th.); to put together, join, fold, lock (هـ one’s hands, and the like); to contract (هـ the brows, and the like); to fix (هـ one’s eyes, ب on); to arch, vault (هـ a structure); to hold, convene, convoke, summon, call (هـ s.th., e.g., a session, a meeting); to conclude (هـ a contract), effect (هـ a transaction, a sale); to contract (هـ a loan) | عقد املا على ‘aqada amalan) to pin, or set, one’s hope(s) on ...; عقد جبهته (jabhatahū) to knit, or wrinkle, one’s brows, frown; عقد محادثة (muḥādatatan) to strike up a conversation; عقد خطبتها على (‘uqida kiṭbatuhā) she became engaged to; عقد الخنصر (الخناصر) على (kinṣir, kanāṣir) to give s.th. top-rating because of its excellence, put s.th. above everything else; عقد زواجا (zawājan) to contract a marriage; عقد العزم (العزيمة) على (‘azma) to make up one’s mind to do s.th., be (firmly) determined to do s.th.; عقد لسانه to silence s.o.; عقد لواء الشيء to found, start, originate, launch, produce, kindle, provoke s.th.; السفينة المعقود لها لواء القيادة (liwā’u l-q.) the flagship; البارحة المعقود لواؤها للاميرال (liwā’uhā li-l-amīrāl) the admiral’s flagship; عقد ناصيته (nāṣiyatahū) = عقد جبهته; عقد نطاقا (niṭāqan) to form a cordon (حوله around s.o.); عقد النية على (nīyata) to resolve, make up one’s mind to do s.th., decide on s.th.; عقد له لواء المجد (النصر ) ‘uqida lahū liwā’u l-majd (n-naṣr) approx.: he was awarded the laurel of fame (of victory); عقد على المرأة (‘alā l-mar’a) to marry a woman II to knit (tightly), knot, tie (هـ s.th.); to pile up, mass together (هـ e.g., clouds), cluster (هـ e.g., vapors, steam); to complicate, make difficult, intricate, or tangled هـ (s.th.) II and IV to congeal, coagulate, clot, thicken, inspissate (هـ s.th., esp. by boiling) V to be knit (together), knotted, tied with knots; to be or become intricate or complicated; to congeal, coagulate, clot, thicken; to gather (of clouds, etc.) | تعقد لسانه (lisānuhū) to express o.s. with difficulty, speak laboringly; to be unable to speak, be tongue-tied VI to be interknit, interknotted, interjoined, interlinked; to make a contract; to reach agreement, come to mutual agreement (على on, about) VII to be knit (together), knotted, tied with knots, entangled; to contract, become contracted (e.g., brows); to be inhibited (tongue); to congeal, coagulate, clot, thicken; to be concluded (contract), be effected (sale); to convene, assemble, meet (a committee, a conference, and the like) | الاجماع منعقد على ان (ijmā‘) there is general conviction that ...; لم ينعقد له زهر ولا ثمر (zahr, tamar) to remain without blossom and fruit, be without any effect and consequence VIII to believe (firmly) (s.th., ب in)

عقد ‘aqd knitting, knotting, tying; joining, junction, looking; holding, summoning, convocation (of a session, of a meeting); conclusion (of a contract, of a sale); contraction (of a loan, and the like); -- (pl. عقود ‘uqūd) contract, agreement, arrangement; legal act, legal transaction; document, deed; vault, arah; group of ten, half-score; decade, decennium | عقد الفي (alfī) millennium; عقد الزواج ‘a. az-zawāj contraction of marriage, marriage; marriage certificate; عقد القران contraction of marriage, marriage; عقد الملكية ‘a. al-milkīya title deed; انفرط عقدهم (infaraṭa) they broke up, they went their own ways

عقد ‘iqd pl. عقود ‘uqūd chaplet, necklace | واسطة العقد center, focus, highlight, chief attraction, pièce de résistance

عقدة ‘uqda pl. عقد ‘uqad knot (also = nautical mile); inch; joint (anat.); splice; knot, knur, knob, swelling, nodule, node, protuberance, excrescence, outgrowth; compact, covenant, contract; problem, difficulty; puzzle, riddle; complex (psychol.)

عقاد ‘aqqād a producer and seller of cords, braiding and tassels, maker of trimmings

عقادة ‘iqāda manufacture of trimmings, braiding, etc.

عقيد ‘aqīd pl. عقداء ‘uqadā’2 contracting party, contractant, contractor; a military rank, approx.: lieutenant colonel (Ir.); colonel (mil., U.A.R.)

عقيدة ‘aqīda pl. عقائد ‘aqā’id2 article of faith, tenet, doctrine; dogma; creed, faith, belief; conviction; O ideology | عقيدة خرافية (kurāfīya) superstition; في عقيدتي according to my conviction, as I believe

عقائدي ‘aqā’idī O ideological

اعقد a‘qad2 (elative) knottier, more knotted; more complicated, more difficult; -- a‘qad2, f. عقداء ‘aqdā’ knotty, knotted, guarded | عصا عقداء (‘aṣan) knotty stick, brier cane

معقد ma‘qid pl. معاقد ma‘āqid2 piece where s.th. is knotted or tied in a knot or knots; point where s.th. joins or meets, a junction, a juncture, a joint, a seam | معقد the object on which s.o. pins his hopes; لا يأخذ الكرى بمعقد جفنه (karā bi-m. jafnihī) no slumber closed his lids

تعقيد ta‘qīd complication, entanglement, involvement; complicatedness, intricacy; complexity, tangledness; pl. -āt intricate, complicated problems

تعقد ta‘aqqud complicatedness, complexity, intricacy

انعقاد in‘iqād meeting, convening, session (of a committee, and the like) | دور الانعقاد daur al-in. session, term (parl.)

اعتقاد i‘tiqād (firm) belief, faith, trust, confidence, conviction; -- (pl. -āt) (religious) creed, faith; article of faith; principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma

اعتقاد i‘tiqād dogmatic; (pl. -ūn) dogmatist | المعهد الاعتقادي (madhab) dogmatism

عاقد ‘āqid legally competent to contract (Isl. Law)

معقود ma‘qūd knit, knotted, etc., see عقد (of milk) curdled | معقود اللسان tongue-tied, incapable of speech | كان الأعمال معقودا ان (amalu) it was hoped that …

معقد mu‘aqqad knotted, knotty, gnarl.d; complicated, intricate, entangled, snarled, involved, difficult

معاقد mu‘āqad contracting party, contractant, contractor

متعاقد muta‘āqid: متعاقدان the two contracting parties

معتقد mu‘taqad believed; المعتقد ان it is believed that ..., it is held that …; -- (pl. -āt) article of faith, principle of faith, tenet; doctrine; dogma; creed, faith; conviction, belief, view, opinion

عقر ‘aqara i (‘aqr) to wound (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); -- ‘aqura u and ‘aqara i (‘uqr, ‘aqr, عقارة ‘aqāra) to be barren, sterile; to be childless III to be addicted, be given (هـ to s.th., e.g., to drinking) IV to stun, stupefy (ه s.o.)

عقر ‘uqr, ‘aqr barrenness, sterility; middle, center | في عقر الدار within the house itself (not outside the house); في عقر داره in his own house; في عقر ديارهم within the country; in their own country, on their own ground

عقر ‘uqr indemnity for illicit sexual intercourse with a woman slave (Isl. Law); childless man

عقار ‘aqār pl. -āt immovable property, immovables, real property, real estate, realty; piece of real estate, landed property

عقار ‘uqār residue

عقاري ‘aqārī of or pertaining to immovable property, immovables, landed property, or real estate; consisting in immovable property, immovables, landed property, or real estate; landed | بنك عقاري real-estate bank, land-mortgage bank; رهن عقاري (rahn) mortgage on landed property, landed security; القسم العقاري (qism) real-estate administration (Tun.); ملك عقاري (milk) landed property

عقور ‘aqūr mordacious, rapacious, voracious (animal)

عقار ‘aqqār pl. عقاقير ‘aqāqīr2 drug; medicament, remedy

عقارة ‘aqāra barrenness, sterility

عقيرة ‘aqīra voice

عاقر ‘āqir (f.) barren, sterile (woman)

عقرب ‘aqrab pl. عقارب ‘aqārib2 scorpion; sting, prick; hand (of a watch or clock); look, curl; العقرب Scorpio (astron.)

معقرب mu‘aqrab crooked, curved, curled

عقص ‘aqaṣa i (‘aqṣ) to braid, plait (هـ the hair)

عقيصة ‘aqīṣa pl. عقائص ‘aqā’iṣ2, عقاص ‘iqāṣ braid, plait (of hair), lock

عقعق ‘aq‘aq pl. عقاعق ‘aqā‘iq2 magpie (zol.)

عقف ‘aqafa i (‘aqf) to crook, hook, bend sharply (هـ s.th.) II = I

عقفة ‘uqfa pl. -āt loop, ring, eyelet (to hold a button, the cords of the ‘iqāl, and the like)

اعقف a‘qaf2, f. عقفاء ‘aqfā’2 crooked, bent, hooked

O معقف ma‘qif square bracket

معقوف ma‘qūf crooked, bent, hooked; bent at the ends, handlebar-shaped (mustache); dual معقوفان square brackets (typ.) | الصليب المعقوف the swastika

منعقف mun‘aqif square bracket | بين منعقفين in square brackets

عقل ‘aqala i (‘aql) to hobble with the ‘iqāl (عقال q.v.; البعير al-ba‘īra the camel); to intern, confine, detain, arrest, put under arrest (ه s.o.); to throw (ه s.o.) in wrestling; to pay blood money or wergild (ه ل for the slain to s.o.); to be endowed with (the faculty of) reason, be reasonable, have intelligence; to be in one’s senses, be conscious; to realize, comprehend, understand (هـ s.th.) | عقل لسانه (lisānahū) to tongue-tie s.o., make s.o. speechless II to make (ه s.o.) reasonable or sensible, bring (ه s.o.) to reason V to be or become reasonable, sensible, rational, intelligent, judicious, prudent, wise; to comprehend, grasp (ه s.th.) VIII to arrest, put under arrest, apprehend, detain (ه s.o.); to intern (ه s.o.); to seize, impound (هـ s.th.)

عقل ‘aql blood money, bloodwite, wergild; (pl. عقول ‘uqūl) sense, sentience, reason, understanding, comprehension, discernment, insight, rationality, mind, intellect, intelligence | مختل العقل muktall al-‘a. mentally deranged, demented, insane, mad; سليم (صحيح) العقل sane; O العقل الباطن (or اللاشعوري , or غير الواعي ) (lā-šu‘ūrī, gairu l-wā‘ī) the unconscious, the subliminal; O العقل الشعوري (or الواعي , or الظاهر ) (šu‘ūrī) the subconscious, the coconscious; O العقل المميز (mumayyiz) the conscious; O عقل الكتروني electronic computer

عقلي ‘aqlī reasonable, rational; ratiocinative; mental; intellectual; (pl. -ūn) rationalist; an intellectual; العقليات al-‘aqlīyāt the mental world | المذهب العقلي (madhab) rationalism; الأمرض العقلية mental diseases

عقلية ‘aqlīya mentality, mental attitude

عقلة ‘uqla pl. عقل ‘uqal knot, knob, node (e.g., of a reed, cane, etc.); joint, articulation; knuckle; layer (hort.); trapeze

عقال ‘iqāl pl. عقل ‘uqul cord used for hobbling the feet of a camel; a headband made of camel’s hair, holding the kūfīya in place | اطلق حربا من عقالها (aṭlaqa ḥarban) to unleash or start a war

عقول ‘aqūl understanding, reasonable, sensible, discerning, intelligent; costive medicine; (and عاقول ‘āqūl) a low spiny shrub of the steppes of North Africa and Western Asia (camel’s-thorn, Alhagi maurorom; Alhagi manniferom Desv.; bot.)

عقيلة ‘aqīla pl. عقائل ‘aqā’il2 the best, the pick; wife, spouse | السيدة عقيلته (sayyida) his wife; عقائل الصفات ‘a. aṣ-ṣifāt the very best qualities

اعقل a‘qal2 brighter, smarter, more intelligent

معقل ma‘qil pl. معاقل ma‘āqil2 refuge, sanctuary; stronghold, fortress, fort; O pillbox, bunker, dugout (mil.); fortified position

معقل ma‘qula pl. معاقل ma‘āqil2 blood money, wergild

تعقل ta‘aqqul understanding, discernment, prudence, judiciousness, wisdom | بتعقل sensibly, intelligently

اعتقال i‘tiqāl pl. -āt arrest, detention, internment; cramp, spasm | معسكر الاعتقال mu‘askar al-i‘t. concentration camp

عاقل ‘āqil pl. -ūn, عقلاء ‘uqalā’2, عقال ‘uqqāl understanding, reasonable, sensible, rational, discerning, intelligent, prudent, judicious, wile; in full possession of one’s mental faculties, compos mentis, sane in mind

عاقلة ‘āqila a clan committed by unwritten law of the Bedouins to pay the

bloodwite for each of its members

معقول ma‘qūl reasonable, sensible, intelligible, comprehensible, understandable, plausible, logical; rational; apprehensive faculty, comprehension, intellect, discernment, judiciousness, judgment; common sense | معقول unintelligible, incomprehensible, nonsensical, incongruous, preposterous, absurd

معقولية ma‘qūlīya, comprehensibility, intelligibility; logicality, rationality, or reasonable character, logicality, rationality, reasonableness

معتقل mu‘taqal pl. -āt concentration camp; prison camp; internment camp, detention camp

عقم ‘aqama u and ‘aquma u (‘aqm; ‘uqm) to be barren, sterile (womb, woman); -- aqama i (‘aqm) to render barren (هـ the womb) II to render sterile or barren, sterilize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to degerminate (ه s.th.); to pasteurize (ه s.th.); to disinfect (ه s.th.) V to be rendered barren, be sterilized

عقم ‘aqm, ‘uqm, ‘aqam barrenness, sterility

عقمة ‘uqma barrenness, sterility

عقيم ‘aqīm pl. عقم ‘uqum, عقام ‘iqām barren; sterile; useless, unavailing, futile, fruitless, ineffectual, ineffective, unproductive (e.g., work, attempt)

تعقيم ta‘qīm sterilization, degermination, pasteurization; disinfection

O معقم mu‘aqqim disinfector, disinfecting apparatus

معقم mu‘aqqam sterilized, pasteurized, disinfected, degerminated

عك ‘akka i (‘akk) to be sultry, muggy (day)

عك ‘akk sultry, muggy, sweltering

عكة ‘akka2, عكاء ‘akkā’2 and عكا ‘akkkā Acre (seaport in Palestine)

عكيك ‘akīk sultry, muggy, sweltering (day)

عكر ‘akira a (‘akar) to be or become turbid, muddy, roily II to render turbid, to roil, to muddy (هـ or على s.th.); to disturb, trouble (هـ or على s.th.) | عكر الصفو (ṣafwa) to destroy the untroubled state, disturb

the order; عكر صفوه (ṣafwahū) and عكر عليه الصفو (ṣafwa) to kill s.o.’s good spirits, spoil s.o.’s good humor V to become turbid, become muddy; to deteriorate, be aggravated, become worse (situation)

عكر ‘amr turbidity, muddiness; sediment, dregs, lees

عكر ‘akir turbid, muddy, roily; troubled, disturbed

عكارة ‘akāra, ‘ikāra (eg.) sediment, dregs, lees

تعكير ta‘kīr (act of) rendering turbid, roiling, muddying; disturbance, troubling, derangement

معكر mu‘akkar turbid, sedimentous, roiled, muddy; disturbed, troubled

عكز V to lean (على on a staff)

عكاز ‘ukkāz, عكازة ‘ukkāza pl. -āt, عكاكيز ‘akākīz2 staff, stick; crutch

عكس ‘akasa i (‘aks) to reverse, invert (هـ s.th.); to reflect, throw back, cast back, mirror (هـ s.th.) III to counteract, oppose, contradict (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), thwart (هـ s.th.); to disturb, trouble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to molest, vex, tease, harass (ه s.o.) VI to be reversed, be inverted; to be thrown back, be cast back, be reflected, be mirrored VII to be reversed, be inverted; to turn back (على against); to redound (على to, on); to be thrown back, be cast back (على or عن by), be reflected, be mirrored (على or عن by, in)

عكس ‘aks reversal, reversion, inversion; reflection; opposite, contract, contrary, reverse | عكس ذلك ‘aksa d. and على عكس ذلك in contrast with that, contrary to that; كان على العكس من to be in contrast to, be in opposition to; بالعكس on the contrary, conversely; والعكس بالعكس and vice versa; بحث المسألة طردا وعكسا (mas’alata ṭardan) he studied the problem from all sides or in all its aspects

عكسي ‘aksī contrary, opposite, contrasting, antithetical, adverse

عكيس ‘akīs layer, shoot, cion (hort.)

معاكسة mu‘ākasa pl. as disturbance; molestation, pestering, harassment; struggle, fight, battle | معاكسة الحالة الجوية (jawwīya) inclemency of the weather

انعكاسي in‘ikāsī reflection; (pl. -āt) reflex

انعكاسي in‘ikāsī reflectional, reflexive, reflex (adj.) | حركة انعكاسية (ḥaraka) reflex action, reflex (physiol.)

عاكس ‘ākis screen, lamp shade; reflector

عاكسة ‘ākisa reflector; eye shade; lamp shade

معاكس mu‘ākis counter-, contra-, anti- هجمة معاكسة (hajma) counterattack

متعاكس muta‘ākis contrasting, opposite, opposed, conflicting

منعكس mun‘akis reflected | صورة منعكسة (ṣūra) mirror image, reflected image, reflection, reflex; افعال منعكسة reflex actions

عكاشة ‘akāša awkwardness, clumsiness

عكاشة ‘ukāša, ‘ukāša spider; spider web, cobweb

عكف ‘akafa u i (عكف ‘ukuf) to adhere, cling, stick, keep (على to); to give o.s. over, apply o.s., devote o.s., be addicted (على to s.th.), indulge (على in s.th.), be obsessed (على by), be bent, be intent (على on s.th.); to be busily engaged (على in), busy o.s. (على with); to remain uninterruptedly (في in); to seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (في in, at a place), withdraw, retire (في into, to a place); -- ‘akafa u i (‘akf) to hold back, restrain, keep (ه عن s.o. from) II to hold back, restrain, keep (عن ه s.o. from) V to remain uninterruptedly (هـ in); to seclude o.s., isolate o.s. (في in, at a place; عن from), withdraw, retire (في into, to a place; عن from); to live in seclusion. in retirement (عن from) VIII = V; to devote o.s., apply o.s. assiduously (الى to s.th.), busy o.s. (الى with)

عاكف pl. -ūn, عكوف ‘ukūf, عكف ‘ukkaf given, addicted (على to s.th.); obsessed (على by), bent, intent (على on); busily engaged (على in), busy (على with)

عكم ‘akama i (‘akm) to bundle up, pack, tie in a cloth, and the like (هـ s.th.)

1 عل ‘alu see علو

2 عل ‘alla, لعل la-‘alla (particle; with accusative noun immediately following) perhaps, maybe | من يدري لعل (man yadrī) who knows if …

3 عل ‘alla i and pass. ‘ulla to be or fall ill II to occupy, busy, keep busy, entertain, distract (ب ه s.o. with); to justify, motivate, explain (ب ه s.th. with) | علل نفسه (النفس) ب to indulge in the hope that …, entertain or cherish the hope of or that …, be given to the illusion that ...; علل نفسه بآمال to indulge in hopes; to entertain vain hopes; علل الآمال ب to cherish the hope of ...; علله بالوعود to put s.o. off with promises V to occupy o.s., busy o.s., amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s. (ب with); to make an excuse, offer a pretext; to offer or use as an excuse, offer a pretext (ب s.th.); to use as an expedient, as a makeshift (ب s.th.) | تعلل بعلة (bi-‘illatin) to make a pretext, plead s.th. as an excuse VIII to be or fall ill; to be weak, defective; to make an excuse, offer a pretext; to adduce, give, offer (ب a reason or excuse, على for s.th.); to pretend, purport, allege, feign, dissimulate, offer as a pretext or excuse (ب s.th.)

علة ‘illa pl. -āt, علل ‘ilal illness, sickness, disease, malady; deficiency, defect, weakness; weakness, defectiveness (of a letter or word; gram.); metrical variation or irregularity (prosody); -- (pl. علل ‘ilal) cause, reason, occasion; excuse, pretense, pretext, plea | حروف العلة the weak letters (ا, ي, و ; gram.); على علاته in spite of his weaknesses, such as he is; العلة والمعلول cause and effect; علة العلل في the principal cause of ..., the deeper reason underlying ...

علة ‘alla pl. -āt concubine | بنو العلات banū l-‘a. sons of a man by different mothers

عليل ‘alīl pl. اعلاء a‘illa’ sick, ill, ailing; sick person, patient; soft, gentle, mild, pleasant

علية ‘illīya causality

علية ‘ilya, ‘ullīya and عليون ‘illīyūn see علو

علالة ‘ulāla comfort, consolation; remainder, remnant, rest

تعليل ta‘līl pl. -āt entertainment, diversion, distraction; argumentation, justification, motivation, explanation

تعلة ta‘illa pl. -āt pretext, pretense, excuse; makeshift, expedient, substitute, surrogate

اعتلال i‘tilāl illness, sickness, disease, malady; weakness, defectiveness

معلول ma‘lūl ill, sick, ailing; effect | العلة والمعلول (‘illa) cause and effect; اتخذ المعلول علة ittakada l-ma‘lūla ‘illatan to mistake cause and effect

معل mu‘all ill, sick, ailing

معتل mu‘tall ill, sick, ailing; weak (letter; gram.); defective (word; gram.)

علب II to can, tin, preserve in cans (هـ s.th.)

علبة ‘ulba pl. علب ‘ulab, علاب ‘ilāb box, case; can, tin; etui

علج III to treat (ه s.o., a patient; هـ a disease, also a subject); to occupy o.s., concern o.s., have to do, deal (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.), attend, turn (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to cultivate (هـ s.th., e.g., a literary genre); to take up (هـ s.th.), go in (هـ for s.th.), apply o.s. (هـ to s.th.); to take upon o.s. (هـ s.th.), undergo (هـ s.th.); to work (هـ s.th. or on s.th.), process, treat, manipulate, handle (هـ s.th.); to endeavor, take pains, try hard (ان or هـ to do s.th.); to palpate, paw, finger, touch (ه s.o.), fumble around (ه on s.o.); to influence (ه s.o.), work (ه upon s.o. by arguments or persuasions), prevail (ه on s.o.) | عالج الرمق الأخير (ramaqa) to be on the verge of death, be dying; عالجه بطعنة (bi-ṭa‘natin) to land a stab on s.o., stab s.o. VI to be under medical treatment, receive or undergo medical treatment VIII to wrestle, struggle, fight (with one another); to be in violent commotion or agitation, heave, surge, tremble

علج ‘ilj pl. علوج ‘ulūj infidel; uncouth fellow, lout

معالجة mu‘ālaja treatment (of a patient, also of a subject); nursing (of a patient); cultivation (of an art); manipulation, handling, processing, treatment (of a material, etc.)

علاج ‘ilāj medical treatment; remedy; cure, therapy

تعالج ta‘āluj curative, therapeutic

علف ta‘āluj medical treatment (which one undergoes)

علف ‘alafa i (‘alf) to feed, fodder (هـ livestock)

علف ‘alaf pl. اعلاف a‘lāf, علاف ‘ilāf, علوفة ‘ulūfa fodder, forage, provender

علاف ‘allaf pl. ة seller of provender

علوفة ‘alūfa pl. علائف ‘alā’if2 stall-fed animal; -- (pl. علف ‘uluf) fodder, forage, provender

معلف mi‘laf pl. معالف ma‘ālif2 manger, trough

معلوف ma‘laf stall-fed, fattened (animal)

علق ‘aliqa a (‘alaq) to hang, be suspended, dangle; to stick, cling, cleave, adhere (ب to); to catch (ب on, في in), get caught or stuck (ب on, في in); to be attached, affixed, subjoined (ب to s.th.); -- (علوق ‘ulūq, علاقة ‘alāqa) to keep (ب to s.o.), he attached, be devoted (ب to s.o.), be fond (ب of s.o.); (with foll. imperf.) to begin, commence to ..., start doing s.th.; -- ‘aliqat (علوق ‘ulūq) to become pregnant, conceive (woman) II to hang, suspend (على or ب ه s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (هـ s.th. على or ب to); to leave undecided, keep pending, keep in abeyance (هـ s.th.); to make dependent or conditional (هـ s.th. ب or على on); to comment (على on s.th.); annotate, gloss, furnish with notes or a commentary (على s.th.), remark, state (على with regard to); to make notes (هـ of s.th.), jot down (هـ s.th.) | علق الآمال على to set one’s hopes on; علق اهمية (خطورة) على (ahammīyatan) to attach importance to s.th. IV to hang, suspend (ب هـ s.th. on), attach, hitch, fasten, affix, tie (ب هـ s.th. to); to apply leeches V to hang, be suspended, dangle (ب from); to cling, cleave, adhere (ب to); to keep, stick, hang on (ب to); to be attached, be devoted (ب to), be fond (ب of s.o.); to depend, be dependent or conditional (على or ب on); to refer, pertain, belong,

be related (ب to), be connected, have to do (ب with), concern (ب s.th.) | تعلق بحبه (bi-ḥubbihī) to be fond of s.o., be affectionately attached to s.o.; فيما تعلق ب with regard to, as to, regarding, concerning

علق ‘ilq, ‘alq pl. اعلاق a‘lāq precious thing, object of value

علق ‘alaq (con.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt medicinal leech; leech; (coagulated) blood, blood clot

علقة ‘alqa (eg.) beating; bastinado; a thrashing, spanking

عليق ‘alīq pl. علائق ‘alā’iq2 fodder, forage, provender

علق 'ullaiq twining and creeping plants or shrubs (of various kinds); the lesser bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis; bot.; common English blackberry, bramble (Rubus fruticosus; bot.); blackberry; raspberry

عليقة ‘ullaiqa: عليقة موسى ‘u. mūsā the Burning Bush

علاق ‘allāq cost hanger

علاقة ‘alāqa attachment, devotion, affection, bond; (pl. -āt, علائق ‘alā’iq2) relation, affiliation, association, contact, bond, connection (ب with) | العلاقات العامة public relations; ذو علاقة ب connected with, related to; السلطات ذات العلاقة (sulṭāt) the competent authorities; قطع العلاقات (العلائق ) qaṭ‘ al-‘a. severance of relations; توتر العلاقات (العلائق ) tawattur al-‘a. tenseness of relations, tension in the relations

علاقة ‘ilāqa pl. علائق ‘alā’iq2 a strap, and the like, for suspending s.th.

علاقة ‘allāqa coat hanger

اعلق a‘laq2: اعلق بالذهن (dihn) that to which the mind is more inclined

معلاق mi‘lāq pl. معاليق ma‘ālīq2 pluck (of an animal)

تعليق ta‘līq hanging, suspending; temporary stay, remission or abrogation, suspension; the oblique, “hanging” ductus (in Arabic calligraphy); (pl. -āt, تعاليق ta‘ālīq2) commentary, comment(s), explanatory remarks; suspended lamp | تعليق الطلاق t. aṭ-ṭalāq conditional repudiation, conditional pronunciation of the talak (Isl. Law); تعليق على الأنباء (anbā’) news commentary (radio)

تعليقة ta‘līqa pl. -āt, تعاليق ta‘ālīq2 marginal note, annotation, note, gloss, scholium

تعلق ta‘alluq attachment, devotion (ب to), affection (ب for); linkage, connection, relationship (ب with)

معلق mu‘alliq commentator (radio, press)

معلق mu‘allaq suspended, hanging; in suspense, in abeyance, pending, undecided; hinging (ب on); depending,

dependent, conditional (ب or على on), conditioned (ب or على by) | جسر معلق (jisr) suspension bridge; حساب معلق suspense account; قاطرات معلقة suspension railways; مسائل معلقة pending questions; رغبته معلقة ب (ragbatuhū) his desire is directed toward …

معلقة mu‘allaqa pl. -āt placard, poster, bill; المعلقات the oldest collection of complete ancient Arabic kasidas

متعلق muta‘alliq attached, devoted (ب to); connected (ب with), related, pertaining (ب to), concerning (ب s.o. or s.th.) | متعلق بحبه (bi-ḥubbihī) affectionately attached to s.o.; من متعلقاته depending on s.o. or s.th., pertaining to s.o.’s authority

علقم ‘alqam pl. علاقم ‘alāqim2 colocynth (bot.) | ذاق العلقم to taste bitterness suffer annoyance, vexation, chicanery or torments (من from)

علك ‘alaka u i (‘alk) to chew, champ (هـ s.th., esp. اللجام the bit, of a horse)

علك ‘ilk mastic

علم ‘alima a (‘ilm) to know (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), have knowledge, be cognizant, be aware (ب or هـ of s.th.), be informed (ب or هـ about or of s.th.), be familiar, be acquainted (ب or هـ with s.th.); to perceive, discern (ب or هـ s.th.), find out (ب or هـ about s.th., من from), learn, come to know (ب or هـ s.th. or about s.th., من from); to distinguish, differentiate (من هـ s.th. from) II to teach (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. s.th.), instruct, brief (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. in s.th.); to train. school, educate (ه s.o.); to designate, mark, earmark, provide with a distinctive mark (على s.th.); to put a mark (على on) IV to let (ه s.o.) know (ب or هـ s.th. or about s.th.), tell (ب or هـ ه s.o. about), notify, advise, apprise, inform (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. of or about s.th.). acquaint (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. with) V to learn, study (A s.th.); to know (هـ s.th.) X to inquire (عن ه or هـ ه of s.o. about), ask, query (عن ه or هـ ه s.o. about), inform o.s. (هـ ه or هـ ه through s.o. about). gather information (عن ه or هـ ه from s.o. about)

علم ‘ilm knowledge, learning, lore; cognizance, acquaintance; information; cognition, intellection, perception, knowledge; (pl. علوم ‘ulūm) science; pl. العلوم the (natural) sciences | علما وعملا ‘ilman wa-‘amalan theoretically and practically; ليكن في علمه (li-yakun) be it known to him, may he know, for his information; كان على علم تام ب (tāmm) to know s.th. inside out, be thoroughly familiar with s.th.; to have full cognizance of s.th.; علم الجراثيم bacteriology; علم الاجتماع sociology; علم الحساب arithmetic; علم الحياة ‘i. al-ḥayāh biology; علم الأحياء do.; علم الحيوان ‘i. al-ḥayawān zoology; علم الأخلاق ethics; علم الذرات ‘i. ad-darrāt nuclear physics; علم التربية ‘i. at-tarbiya pedagogy; علم الصحة ‘i. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa hygiene; علم الأصوات phonetics; علم المعادن ‘i. al-ma‘ādīn mineralogy; علم اللغة ‘i. al-luga lexicography; علم النباتات ‘i. an-nabātāt botany; علم النفس ‘i. an-nafs psychology; علم وظائف الأعضاء ‘i. w. al-a‘ḍā’ physiology; طالب علم ṭālib ‘ilm student; كلية العلوم kullīyat al-‘u. the Faculty of Science of the Egyptian University

علمي ‘ilmī scientific; erudite (book); learned (society)

علم ‘alam pl. اعلام a‘lām sign, token, mark, badge, distinguishing mark, characteristic; harelip; road sign, signpost, guidepost; flag, banner; a distinguished, outstanding man; an eminent personality, au authority, a star, a luminary; proper name (gram.) اشهر من نار على علم very famous; اسم العلم ismun ‘alamun or ism ‘alamin pl. اسماء الأعلام proper name (gram.); علم الوصول receipt

عالم ‘ālam pl. -ūn, عوالم ‘awālim2 world; universe, cosmos; العالمان al-‘ālamān the two worlds = Europe and America; عالمون ‘ālamūn inhabitants of the world, specif. human beings | عالم الحيوان ‘a. al-ḥayawān the animal kingdom; عالم المعادن ‘ā. al-ma‘ādin the mineral kingdom; عالم النبات ‘ā. an-nabāt the vegetable kingdom; عالم الوجود this world, this life

عالمي ‘ālami worldly, secular, world (adj.); international; world-wide, world-famous, enjoying world-wide renown

عالمية ‘ālamīya internationality; ‘ālimīya see after ‘ālim

علماني ‘almānī, عالماني laic, lay; (pl. -ūn) layman (in distinction from the clergy)

علم ‘alīm pl. علماء ‘ulamā’ knowing; cognizant, informed; learned, erudite; العليم the omniscient (one of the attributes of God)

علام ‘allām knowing thoroughly (with foll. genit.: s.th.), completely familiar (with)

علام ‘alāma see على (prep.) under علو

علامة ‘allāma most erudite, very learned

علامة ‘alāma pl. -āt, علائم ‘alā’im2 mark, sign, token; badge, emblem; distinguishing mark, characteristic indication,

syptom | علامة هذا (‘alāma) in token of that, as a sign of that; علامة تجارية (tijārīta) trade-mark; علامة الرتبة ‘a. rutba insignia of rank; O علامة التأثر ‘a. at-ta’attur and علامة التعجب ‘a. at-ta‘ajub exclamation point; علامة الاستفهام question mark; O علامة التنصيص quotation mark

عيلم ‘ailam tender; (pl. عيالم ‘ayālim2) well with abundant water; sea

اعلومة a‘lūma pl. اعاليم a‘ālim2 road sign, signpost, guidepost

تعلامة ti‘lāma moot erudite, very learned

معلم ma‘lam pl. معالم ma‘ālim2 place, abode, locality, spot; track, trace; landmark, mark, distinguishing mark, characteristic; road sign, signpost, guidepost; peculiarity, particularity; pl. sights, curiosities; characteristic traits; outlines, contours (e.g., of the body), lineaments, features (of the face)

معلمة ma‘lama pl. -āt encyclopedia

تعليم ta‘līm pl. -āt, تعليماتا ta‘līm2 information, advice, instruction, direction; teaching, instruction; training, schooling, education; apprenticeship; pl. تعليمات instructions, directions, directives; information, announcements | تعليم مختلط (muktaliṭ) coeducation; تعليم عال (‘ālin) higher education, academic studies, مراقب تعليم murāqib t. a military rank, approx.: master sergeant (Eg. 1939); صول تعليم ṣol t. do. (Eg.); O فن التعليم fann at-t. pedagogy, pedagogics

تعليمي ta‘līmī instructional, educational

اعلام i‘lām notification, advice; information; notice

تعلم ta‘allum learning, studying, study; education

استعلام isti‘lām inquiry (عن about); (pl. -āt) Information | مكتب الاستعلامات maktab al-i. information office, information desk; news agency, press agency, wire service

عالم ‘ālim knowing; familiar, acquainted (ب with), cognizant (ب of); expert, connoisseur, professional, (pl. علماء ‘ulamā’2) learned, erudite; scholar, savant, scientist | عالم طبيعي (ṭabī‘ī) physicist, natural scientist; العلماء المختصون (muktaṣṣūn) the specialists, the experts

عالمة ‘ālima woman of learning, woman scholar; (eg.) singer, chanteuse

عالمية ‘ālimīya learnedness, scholarliness, erudition, rank or dignity of a ‘ālim; rank of scholarship, conferred by diploma, of the Great Mosque in Tunis and of Al Azhar in Cairo

اعلم a‘lam2 having more knowledge; more learned | الله اعلم God knows best

معلوم ma‘lūm known; fixed, determined, given; of course! certainly! sure! no doubt! (as an affirmative reply); known quantity (math.); المعلوم the active voice (gram.); -- (pl. معاليم ma‘ālim) fixed sum, fixed rate (money); fixed income; tax, duty; fee; sum, amount, cost(s) | معلوم الحيوانات m. al-ḥayawānāt impost on livestock (Tun.); -- pl. معلومات ma‘lūmāt knowledge, lore, learning, perceptions, discoveries, findings; known facts; information, data; news, tidings

معلم mu‘allim pl. -ūn teacher, instructor; master (of a trade, etc.) | معلم الاعتراف father-confessor, confessor

معلمة mu‘allima pl. -āt woman teacher, woman instructor

معلم mu‘allam taught, instructed, trained, schooled; معلم عليه designated, marked | معلم عليه بالأحمر marked with red pencil

متعلم muta‘allim apprentice; educated; an educated person

علن ‘alana u, ‘aluna u (علن ‘alāniya) to be or become known, manifest, evident III to indicate, make known, reveal, disclose (ه ب to s.o. s.th.) IV to manifest, reveal, make known (هـ s.th.); to make public, publicize, publish, disclose, declare, announce, proclaim, promulgate (هـ s.th.); to state frankly (هـ الى to s.o. s.th.); to announce (ان that); to issue a summons (الى to s.o.); to give notice (عن of); to advertise (عن s.th., e.g., the rent or sale of s.th. in a newspaper); to give evidence (عن of), indicate, show, betray, bespeak (عن s.th.) | اعلن الحرب عليه (ḥarba) to declare war on s.o. VIII = I; :x: - I; to seek to bring out or to disclose (هـ s.th.); to bring to light (هـ s.th.)

علنا ‘alanan openly, overtly, publicly, in public

علني ‘alanī open, overt, public

علن ‘alin open, overt, public; evident, patent

علانية ‘alānīya openness, overtness, publicness, publicity (as opposed to secrecy); ‘alāniyatan openly, overtly, publicly, patently, in public

اعلان i‘lān pl. -āt publication, promulgation; revelation, manifestation; proclamation; declaration, statement, pronouncement; announcement, notice; advertising, publicity (عن for); advertisement, ad; poster, bill, placard | اعلان حضور i. ḥuḍūr summons; اعلان الحرب i. al-ḥarb declaration of war; اعلان عدم الثقة i. ‘adam at-tiqa vote of “no confidence”; اعلانات مبوبة (mubawwaba) classified ads; اعلانات ضوئية (ḍau’īya) electric signs, sky signs

معلن mu‘lin announcer, master of ceremonies (e.g., in a cabaret)

معلن mu‘lan: معلن اليه summoned (before a court)

علو ) and على) علا ‘alā u (‘ulūw) to be high, elevated, rise high, loom, tower up; to rise, ascend; to ring out (voice); to heave (chest); to be higher or taller (عن or هـ, ه than s.o., than s.th.), (over)top (عن or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), tower (عن or هـ, ه over s.o., over s.th.), be located or situated higher (عن or هـ than s.th.); to be attached, fixed or fastened above or on top of s.th. (هـ ); to rise (عن or هـ above s.th.); to exceed, excel, surpass (هـ, ه or عن s.o., s.th.); to be too high (هـ, ه or عن for s.o., for s.th.); to overcome, overwhelm (على or ه s.o.), get the better of s.o. (ه ); to turn upward; to ascend, mount, climb, scale (هـ s.th.); to overspread, cover (هـ s.th.), come, descend (هـ, ه upon s.o., upon s.th.), befall, seize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) | علا به to raise s.th. or s.o.; to exalt, extol s.o.; علت به السن (sinnu) be bad attained great age, he was an old man; علا صوته ب (ṣautuhū) hie voice rang out with ..., he exclaimed aloud; -- على ‘aliya a (علاء ‘alā’) to be high, elevated; to excel, stand out, surpass; -- على ‘alā i (‘aly) to climb (السطح as-saṭḥa to the roof) | علا الأداة الصدأ (adāta, ṣada’u) rust has covered the tool; علت وجهه صفرة الأموات ‘alat wajhahū ṣufrat l-a. deathly pallor suffused his face; علته السآمة ‘alathu s-sa’āma he was overcome by fatigue; علت شفتيه رغوة ‘alat šafataihi ragwa foam appeared on his lips II to raise, raise aloft, lift, hoist, lift up, elevate, uplift, exalt (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV = II | اعلى شأنه (ša’nahū) to play up, stress, emphasize s.th., put emphasis on s.th.; to further, promote, advance s.th.; to raise s.o.’s prestige V to rise, become high VI to rise, lift, ascend, rise aloft; to resound, ring out; to be high, exalted, sublime (esp. of God); to deem o.s. above s.o. or s.th. (على ), look down (على on s.o. or s.th.); to stay away (عن from); تعال ta‘āla come (here)! come on! Let’s go! forward! VIII to rise, lift, ascend, rise aloft; to rise high, tower up; to mount, ascend, climb, scale (هـ s.th.); to step (up) (هـ on s.th.); to be enthroned, be perched (هـ on s.th.); to tower (هـ above s.th.); to ascend the throne; to accede to a high office X to rise, to tower (على above); to master (على s.th.); to take possession (على of s.th.), appropriate (على s.th.)

عل ‘alu: من عل min ‘alu from above

علو ‘ulūw height, tallness, elevation, altitude; greatness, grandeur, highness, exaltedness, sublimity | علو الصوت ‘u. aṣ-ṣaut sound volume, sound intensity; علو الكعب ‘u. al-ka‘b high, outstanding position

علوي ‘ulwī upper; heavenly, divine | ارادة علوية (irāda) supreme will, divine decree

علوي ‘alawī upper; heavenly, celestial; Alawi (adj. and n.); pl. العلويون the Alawis (official name of the Nusairis inhabiting the coastal district of Latakia in NW Syria)

على ‘ulan height, tallness, elevation, altitude; highness, exaltedness, augustness, sublimity; high rank

على ‘alā (prep.) on, upon, on top of, above, over (place, rank); at, on, by; in, in the state of, in the manner of, in possession of; to, toward, for; in addition to; to the debit of, to the disadvantage of; against, in spite of, despite; on the basis of, on the strength of, by virtue of, due to. upon; by, through; according to. in accordance with, pursuant to; to (one’s taste, one’s mind, one’s liking, etc.); during; (as to syntactical regimen see under respective verb) | من على from above from upon ..., from the top of …; على ان (an, anna) on the condition that …, provided that ...; although, though, albeit; على ان (anna) (introducing a main clause) however, but, on the other hand, nevertheless, yet, still, though; على انه (in the subjective notion or view that …, i.e.) as, e.g.: جنى ثمرات الأرض على انها نعمة الآلهة janā tamarāti l-arḍi ‘alā annahā ni‘matu l-āliha he reaped the fruits of the earth (accepting them) as a boon bestowed by the grace of the gods; على ظهر الخيل (ẓahr l-kail) on horseback; على ظهر الباخرة aboard the steamer; السلام عليكم (salāmu) may peace be upon you | على الرأس والعين ‘alā r-ra’s wa-l-‘ain very gladly! with pleasure! على رؤوس الأشهاد publicly, for everyone to see; جلس على النار he was sitting by the fire; على يمينه (yamīnihī) to (at) his right; على كل حال (kulli) or على كل (kullin) in any case, at any rate; على الخصوص especially, particularly, specifically; على الإطلاق (iṭlāq) absolutely, unrestrictedly, without exception, in any respect, under any circumstances; على التقريب approximately, almost, nearly, about, circa; على التوالي (tawālī) continuously, incessantly, in uninterrupted succession; على ضوء (ḍau’i) or على نور (nūri) in the light of ...; كان على حق (ḥaqqin) or كان على الحق to be on the right way, have hit on the right thing, be right; كان على الباطل or كان على خطأ (kaṭa’in) to be on the wrong way, be wrong, be mistaken; هو على احسن ما يرام (aḥsani, yurām) he is as well as you can possibly wish (for him); هو على شيء من he has certain ...; هو على شيء من الذكاء (dakā’) he has a good deal of intelligence; ليس هذا على شيء there is nothing in it, it’s worthless; ليس من هذا كله على شيء all this is unfamiliar to him; he doesn’t understand a thing about it; كان على دين المسيح (dīni l-m.) to belong to the Christian religion, be a Christian; كان على علم ب (‘ilmin) to be informed about. be acquainted with ...; كان على انتظاره to wait for s.o. or s.th.; على غير شيء for no reason; على بصيرة من الأمر in cognizance of the matter, knowing the matter; على غير معلافة منه (ma‘rifatin) without his knowing about it, without his knowledge, unwittingly; عليك ب (هـ, ه or) take ...! help yourself to ...! make use of ...! عليك بالصبر (bi-ṣ-ṣabr) you must have patience! علينا به he is the one we must have! علي به (‘alayya) bring, give him (or it) to me! I must have him (or it)! عليه ان it is incumbent on him to …; it’s his duty to ...; he must …, he will have to ...; لا عليك don’t worry! لا عليه never mind! It’s nothing! no harm done! (indicating forgiveness, indulgence); ماعلينا what of it! what does it matter! let’s forget it! ما عليك من don’t worry about ..., don’t mind …’ don’t give … a thought; ما عليه ان he doesn’t care if ; it’s of little importance to him that …; علي حساب (ḥisābihī) at his expense; عليه دين (dain) he is in debt(s); هو على سنه قوي (sinnihī qawīy) he bears his years well; علام ‘alāma wherefore? what for? why? استيقظ علي الاذان istaiqaẓa ‘alā l-adān he awoke over the call to prayer, he was awakened by the azan; قيل على لسانه ما (qīla, lisānihī) he was supposed to have said things which …, statements were ascribed to him which ...; على يده (yadihī) through him, by him, at his hand; على ذلك in this manner, thus; accordingly, hence; على ما يقال (yuqālu) as they say, as it is said; على حسب ‘alā ḥasabi (prep.) according to, in accordance with, commensurate with, depending on; علي طوع منها (‘alā) with her obeying, without opposition on her part; على عادته according to his habit, as was his wont, as he used to do; علي ما يقال (yuqālu) suddenly, all of a sudden, unawares, unexpectedly; على عهد (‘ahdi) at the time of

علي ‘alīy high, tall, elevated: exalted, sublime, lofty, august, excellent: العلي the Most High, the Supreme (one of the attributes of God) | الدولة العلية (daula) name of the old Ottoman Empire

علية ‘ilya (pl. of علي ‘alīy): علية الناس, علية القوم upper class, people of distinction, prominent people

علية ‘ullīya, ‘illīya pl. علالي ‘alālīy upper room, upstairs room

عليون ‘illīyūn the uppermoot heaven; loftiest heights

علاء ‘alā’ high rank, high standing, nobility

علاة ‘alāh pl. علا ‘alan anvil

علياء ‘alyā’2 loftiness, exaltedness, sublimity, augustness; lofty height; heaven(s) | اهل العلياء ahl al-‘a. people of highest social standing

علاوة ‘ilāwa addition; increase, raise, extra allowance, subsidy | علاوة على (‘ilāwata) in addition to

علاية ‘alāya height, loftiness

اعلى a‘lā, f. عليا ‘ulyā, pl. على ‘ulan, اعال a‘ālin higher, highest; upper, uppermost; اعال a‘ālin the highest portion of s.th.; heights, peaks (fig.) | اعلاه a‘lāhu further up, above; مذكور اعلاه above-mentioned; مؤتمر (منعقد) على اعلى مستوى (mu’tamar mun‘aqid, mustawan) top-level conference; بأعلى صوت bi-a‘lā ṣautin very loud, at the top of one’s voice; سفينة اعالي البحار seagoing vessel; اعالي النيل a. n-nīl the upper course of the Nile

معال ma‘ālin (pl.): معالى الأمور noble things; صاحب المعالي or معاليه ma‘ālīhi His Excellency, معالي الوزير His Excellency the Minister (title of cabinet ministers)

تعلية ta‘liya elevation, enhancement, uplift, exaltation; raising (e.g., of the voice)

اعلاء i‘lā’ elevation, enhancement, uplift, exaltation; raising, lifting | اعلاء شأن الشيء i. ša’ni š. boosting, furtherance, promotion, or advancement of s.th.

اعتلاء i‘tilā’ ascension (e.g., to the throne); accession to office (e.g., of a cabinet minister)

استعلاء isti‘lā’ superiority

عال ‘ālin high, tall, elevated; loud, strong (voice); higher (as opposed to elementary); lofty, exalted, sublime, high-ranking, of high standing; excellent, first-class, first-rate, outstanding, of top quality (commodity) | الباب العالي the Sublime Porte; ضغط عال (ḍagṭ) high voltage, high tension (el.); تواتر عال (tawātur) high frequency (el.); عاليه ‘āliyahū above, above-mentioned (in letters; esp. in official and business style); مذكور بعاليه (bi-‘ālīhi) above-mentioned; (eg.) عال العال ‘āl al-āl excellent, first-rate, top-quality, A-l (merchandise)

متعال muta‘ālin high, elevated, lofty, exalted; resounding, ringing; المتعالي the Most High, the Supreme Being (one of the attributes of God)

علوان = عنون

علوان = عنوان

على , علية, عليون, علياء, علاية see علو

1 عم abbreviation of the formula عليه السلام (salāmu) may peace be upon him!

2 عم ‘amma = (عن ما>) عما

3 عم ‘amma u (عموم ‘umūm) to be or become general, universal, common, prevalent, comprehensive, all-embracing, to spread, prevail; -- ‘amma u to comprise, include, embrace, encompass, pervade (هـ s.th.), extend, stretch, be spread, be diffused, be prevailing (هـ all over s.th.) عمت البلوى به (balwā) it has become a general necessity II to generalize (هـ s.th.); to spread universally, universalize, popularize, democratize (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) universally accessible, open (هـ s.th.) to the public at large; to introduce (هـ s.th.) universally; to attire (ه s.o.) with a turban V to put on or wear a turban VIII = V

عم ‘amm pl. عموم ‘umūm, اعمام a‘mām father’s brother, paternal uncle | ابن العم ibn al-‘amm cousin on the father’s side; بنت العم bint al-‘amm female cousin on the father’s side

عمة ‘amma pl. -āt paternal aunt

عمة ‘imma turban

عميم ‘amīm general, universal, common, prevalent; all-comprehensive

عموم ‘umūm generality, universality, prevalence; whole, total, totality, aggregate; العموم the (general) public, the public at large; عموما ‘umūman in general, generally | عموما -- خصوصا in general in particular; علي العموم in general, generally; بوجه العموم bi-wajhi l-‘u. generally speaking, in general; في عموم القطر (‘u. il-quṭr) throughout the country; مجلس العموم majlis al-‘u. the House of Commons, the Lower House; ‘umūm frequently replaces عمومي ‘umūmī in compound terms of administrative language, e.g.: جامعة عموم العمال j. ‘u. al-‘ummāl general federation of labor; ادارة عموم الجمارك General Administration of Customs and Tariffs (Eg.); ديوان عموم المصلحة (dīwān ‘u. al-maṣlaḥa) administration headquarters, chief administration office; ديوان عموم المالية d. ‘u. al-mālīya General Administration of Finances (Eg.); تفتيش عموم الري t. ‘u. ar-riyy General Inspectorate of Irrigation (Eg.); مفتش عموم النيل الجنوبي mufattiš ‘u. an-nīl al-janūbī Inspector General for the Southern Nile (Eg.)

عمومي ‘umūmī public; universal; general; common; state, civil, public | جمعية عمومية (jam‘īya) plenary session; general assembly; دار الكتب العمومية (dār al-kutub) public library; اشغال عمومية public works; الصندوق العمومي (ṣundūq) public treasure

عمومة ‘umūma uncleship, unclehood; pl. of عم ‘amm

عمامة ‘imāma pl. عمائم ‘amā’im2 turban

تعميم ta‘mīm generalization, universalization, general propagation or diffusion, popularization, democratization; vulgarization

عام ‘āmm public; universal, prevalent; general; common | الأمن العام (amn) public security; مدير عام (mudīr) director general, general manager; الرأي العام (ra’y) public opinion; الصالح العام or المصلحة العامة (maṣlaḥa) public welfare, the commonweal; الخاص والعام (kāṣṣ) high and low, all men, all, everybody (also العام والخاص )

عامة ‘āmma generality; commonalty; the masses, the people; عامة ‘āmmatan in general; genera.lly; oommonly, altogether, in ths aggregate, collectively | خاصة -- عامة (kāṣṣatan) in particular -- in general; عامة الناس the common people, the masses, the populace; الخاصة والعامة (kāṣṣa) high and low, all men, all, everybody

العوام al-‘awāmm (pl. of عامة ‘āmma) the common people, the populace; the laity (Chr.)

عامي ‘āmmī common, vulgar, plebeian, ordinary, popular: ordinary person, man in the street; العامية al-‘āmmīya popular language, colloquial language

معمم mu‘ammam wearing a turban, turbaned

4 عما ‘ammā = عن ما

عمد ‘amada i (‘amd) to support, prop, shore, buttress (هـ s.th.); to intend, purpose (ل or الى or هـ s.th.); to betake o.s., repair, go (ل or الى or A to); to approach, undertake (ل or الى s.th.), go, set (ل or الى about s.th.), proceed, apply o.s., turn, attend (ل or الى to), embark (ل or الى upon); to take up (الى s.th.); to be intent (الى on s.th.): -- ‘amada i to baptize, christen (ه s.o.) II to baptize, christen (ه s.o.) IV to support, prop, shore, buttress (هـ s.th.); to baptize, christen (ه s.o.) V to intend, purpose, do intentionally, do on purpose (هـ s.th.); to approach (هـ s.th.) with a definite aim in mind; to single out (هـ s.o.), aim (هـ, ه at); to be baptized, be christened | ما تعمدها باهانة (ihāna) he was not out to insult her, he had no intention of offending her VIII = V; to lean (على against), support one’s weight (على on); to rely, depend (هـ or ه on s.o., on s.th.); to use as a basis (هـ or على s.th.); to employ, use, apply (هـ s.th., e.g., a new method); to confirm (هـ s.th.); to sanction, authorize (هـ s.th.); to loan, give on credit (هـ ل to s.o. a sum)

عمد ‘amd intention, intent, design, purpose; premeditation, willfulness (jur.); عمدا ‘amdan intentionally, deliberately, on purpose; willfully, premeditatedly (jur.) | شبه العمد šibh al-‘a. quasi-deliberate intent (Isl. Law)

عمدي ‘amdī intentional, deliberate; premeditated, willful (jur.)

عمدة ‘umda support, prop, shore; main subject, main issue, basic issue (e.g., of a controversy); (pl. عمد ‘umad) chief of a village, chief magistrate of a small community (eg.); mayor

عماد ‘imād pl. عمد ‘amad support, prop, stay (also fig.); bracket, buttress, post, pole, pillar; -- ‘imād baptism

عميد ‘amīd pl. عمداء ‘umadā’2 support; head, chief; dean (of a faculty); principal, headmaster, director (of a secondary school); doyen, dean (as, of a diplomatic

corps); high commissioner (also العميد السامي ), resident general; military ranks, approx. major (Eg. 1939), approx. lieutenant commander (Eg. 1939), approx. commanding) general (Ir.), lieutenant colonel (U.A.R.) | عميد ثان (tānin) a military rank intermediate between those of major and captain, Brit.: adjutant-major (Eg. 1939); a naval rank intermediate between those of lieutenant commander and lieutenant (Eg. 1939)

عميدة ‘amīda principal, headmistress, directress (of a secondary school for girls)

عمود ‘amūd pl. اعمدة a‘mida, عمد ‘umud flagpole, shaft (of a standard); pale, post, prop, shore, pier, buttress; lamppost; (telephone, telegraph) pole; column, pillar, pilaster; stem (of a glass); -- (pl. اعمدة ) column (of a newspaper); O element, cell (el.) | العمود الشوكي (šaukī) the vertebral column, the spine; العمود الفقري (faqrī) do.; O عمود كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electrode

عامود ‘āmūd pl. عواميد ‘awāmīd2 = عمود ‘amūd | O عامود القيادة steering column, steering mechanism (of an automobile)

عمودي ‘amūdī columnar, pillar-shaped; vertical, perpendicular, upright | طائرة عمودية helicopter

يوحنا المعمدان yūḥannā l-ma‘madān John the Baptist

تعميد ta‘mād baptism

تعمد ta‘ammud intention, intent, design; resolution, determination, purpose; تعمدا ta‘ammudan and بتعمد intentionally, deliberately, willfully, on purpose, premeditatedly

تعمدي ta‘ammudī intentional, deliberate, premeditated, willful

اعتماد i‘timād reliance, dependence (على on), confidence, trust (علي in); confirmation; sanction, approbation, authorization; accreditation (of diplomats); (pl. -āt) credit, loan | الاعتماد على النفس (nafs) self-confidence, self-reliance; كتب الاعتماد kutub al-i‘t. or اوراق الاعتماد aurāq al-i‘t. credentials (of diplomats); اعتماد اضافي (iḍāfī) supplementary loan

معمودية ma‘mūdīya baptism; baptismal font

معمد mu‘ammad baptizee, one receiving baptism

متعمد muta‘ammid deliberate, premeditated, willful; intentional

معتمد mu‘tamad reliable, dependable; object of reliance, support; sanctioned, approved, authorized; accredited; commissioner, authorized agent, proxy, envoy, representative; commissary, commissar | المعتمد السامي (sāmī) the High Commissioner; معتمد قنصلي (qunṣulī) consular agent (dipl.)

معتمدية mu‘tamadīya legation (dipl.)

عمر ‘amara u i (‘amr, ‘umr) to live long, be longevous; -- u i, ‘amura u (عمارة ‘amāra) to thrive, prosper, flourish, flower, bloom; to be or become inhabited, peopled, populated, civilized, cultivated; to be full, filled, filled up; -- ‘mara u to fill with life, cause to thrive, make prosperous; to inhabit (هـ s.th.), live, dwell (هـ in s.th.); to fill, pervade (جوانحه s.o.’s heart), reign (جوانحه in s.o.’s heart); to build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild, reconstruct, restore (هـ s.th.) II to let (ه s.o.) live, preserve (ه s.o.) alive; to prolong s.o.’s (ه ) life, grant long life (ه to s.o.; of God); to populate, people (ه s.th.); to build, erect, construct, raise, rebuild, reconstruct, restore, repair, overhaul, refurbish, recondition (هـ a building); to provide, furnish, supply, fill (ب هـ s.th. with, e.g., the lamp with oil, the censer with charcoal, the goblet with wine); to load (هـ a gun); to fill (هـ a pipe); to fill in (هـ a form, a blank; tun.) | عمر وقته (waqtahū) to take up, or claim, s.o.’s time IV to populate, people (هـ s.th.); to perform the ‘umra (q.v.) VIII to visit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to perform the ‘umra (q.v.) X to settle (في s.o. in); to settle, colonize (هـ s.th.); to turn (هـ a country) into a colony

عمر ‘umr (‘amr in oaths) pl. اعمار a‘mār life, duration of life, life span, lifetime; age (of a person) | لعمري la-‘amrī upon my life! لعمر الله la-‘amru llāhi by the everlasting existence of God! by the Eternal God! ذات العمرين dāt al-‘umrain amphibian (n.); عمره عشرين سنة (‘išrīna sanatan) he is twenty years old

عمرة ‘amra headgear (e.g., turban); (eg.) repair, repair work

عمرة ‘amra pilgrimage to Mecca (the so-called “minor hadj” which, unlike the hadj proper, need not be performed at a particular time of the year and whose performance involves fewer ceremonies)

عمرى ‘umrā donation for life (Isl. Law)

عمارة ‘amāra (naval) fleet

عماارة ‘imāra pl. -āt, عمائر ‘amā’ir2 building, edifice, structure; real estate, tract lot; العمارة or فن العمارة fann al-‘i. or هندسة العمارة handasat al-‘i. architecture, art of building

عمران ‘umrān inhabitedness, activity, bustling life, thriving, flourishing, prosperity (as opposed to خراب karāb); populousness and prosperity (of a country); culture, civilization; building, edifice, structure

عمراني ‘umrānī cultural, civilizational; serving, or pertaining to, cultural development

عمارية ‘ammārīya camel-borne sedan and the virgin riding in it into battle

اعمر a'mGrl more inhabited, more populated, more populous; more cultivated, more civilized; more flourishing, more thriving

معمار mi‘mār builder, architect; mason

معماري mi‘mārī architectonic, architectural; - (pl. .IIP) builder, architect; mason | مهندس معماري (muhandis) builder, architect; الفن المعماري (fann) art of building, architecture

تعمير ta‘mīr building, construction, election; restoration, repair, overhauling, refurbishing, reconditioning; filling, filling-up

تعميرة ta‘mīra filling, fiIling-up

استعمار isti‘mār colonizing, colonization, foundation of colonies; imperialistic exploitation; imperialism, colonialism

استعماري isti‘mārī colonial; colonizer; imperialistic

استعمارية isti‘mārīya imperialism, colonialism

عامر ‘āmir inhabited; peopled, populated, populous; full, filled, filled up; jammed, crowded, filled to capacity (ب with); amply provided, splendidly furnished; civilized; cultivated (land); flourishing, thriving, prosperous; العامر is a frequent epithet of castles, palaces, etc., of ruling houses | عامر بالأمل (amal) full of hope; عامر الجيب ‘a. al-jaib with a full pocket; عامر الذمة ل (‘ā. ad-dimma) obliged to s.o., committed to s.o.; عامر النفس (‘ā. an-nafs) obsessed by, possessed by; ام عامر umm ‘āmir hyena (zool.); نهوض عامر voluptuous bosoms

معمور ma‘mūr inhabited, populated, populous; المعمور or المعمورة the (inhabited) world | في كل انحاء المعمور (المعمورة ) all over the world, throughout the world

معمر mu’ammir pl. -ūn colonist

معمر mu‘ammar pl. -ūn senior (in sports)

مستعمر musta‘mir colonial, imperialistic; settler, colonist; foreign conqueror, invader; imperialist

مستعمرة musta‘mara pl. -āt colony, settlement | O مستعمرة مستقلة (mustaqilla) dominion

اعمش a‘maš2 affected with an eye disease, blear-eyed

عماص ‘umāš (eg.) mucous discharge of the eye, rheum

عمق ‘amuqa u (‘umq, عماقة ‘amāqa) to be or become deep, profound II to deepen, make deep or deeper (هـ s.th.) IV = II V to penetrate deeply, go deeply (هـ or في into s.th.), become absorbed (هـ or في in)

عمق ‘amq, ‘umq pl. اعماق a‘māq depth, profoundness, profundity; bottom | من اعماق قلبه (a. qalbihī) from the bottom of his heart, from the depth of his soul; من اعماق النفس (a. in-nafs) do.

عميق ‘amīq deep (also of feelings), profound

عمل ‘amila a (‘amal) to do, act, operate, be active, work (also: في in a field); to make, produce, manufacture, fabricate, perform, carry out, execute (هـ s.th.); to act (ب according to, in accordance with, on the strength of, on the basis of); to operate, put into operation, set going (ب s.th.); to plan, contrive, seek to accomplish, practice, pursue (على s.th.), aim, work away (ل or على at), be out, strive (ل or على for), apply o.s. (على to), take pains, endeavor, exert o.s. (على to do s.th.), be active (على in the service of s.th.); to process, work, treat (في s.th.); to act (في upon s.th.), affect (في s.th.); (gram.) to govern (في a syntactical member) | يعمل به (yu‘malu) it is valid, is effective, is in force (e.g., an ordinance); عمل ترتيبات to make arrangements or preparations; عمل اعماله (a‘mālahū) to behave, or act, like s.o.; لا به يعمل ولا علي يعول (yu‘malu, yu‘awawalu) null and void II to appoint as vicegerent or governor (ه على s.o. over, of); to fester, suppurate, be purulent (wound) III to apply (ه ب toward s.o. s.th.); to treat (ب ه s.o. in a manner), proceed, deal (ب with s.o. in a manner); to trade, do business (ه with s.o.) | عامله بالمثل bi-l-mitl) to repay s.o. like for like, treat s.o. in like manner IV to make (هـ s.th.) work, put to work, operate, put into operation, bring to bear, employ, woe (هـ s.th.); ب or اعمل هـ في to putter, or tinker, with s.th. about s.th. else, work with s.th. on s.th. else | اعمل الفكر (fikra) to busy the mind, think, reflect, ponder, muse; اعمل السيف في رقابهم (saifa) he caused a massacre among them, had them massacred V to go to a lot of trouble, take great pains, spend much effort VI to trade, do business (with one another); to trade, do business (مع with) VIII to work, be active, operate X to apply (هـ s.th.), use, employ (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to put into operation, operate, run (هـ s.th.); to place s.o. (ه ) at the head of s.th. (على ), install, instate (على ه s.o. over) | استعمل معه وسائل القسوة (wasā’il l-qaswa) he brought severe measures to bear upon him

عمل ‘amal doing, acting, action, activity; work, labor; course of action, way of acting, practice; achievement, accomplishment; activity (على for), work (على in the service of s.th.); making, production, manufacture, fabrication; performance, execution; make, workmanship; practical work, practice; -- (pl. اعمال a‘māl) act, action; operation (mil.); work, job, chore, labor; deed, feat, achievement, exploit; occupation, business; trade, craft, handicraft; vicegerency, province, district; administrative district (e.g., Eg., Tun.); العمل ب validity, effectiveness of s.th. (e.g., of an ordinance, and the like) | اجراء العمل ب (ijrā’ al-‘a.) enforcement, implementation of s.th.; ما العمل what’s to be done now! what’s there to be done? what can you do? عملا ب (‘amalan) in execution of, in pursuance of, according to, pursuant to, is stipulated by; اعمال حربية (ḥarbīya) belligerent, or warlike, acts, military operations; الأعمال الأربعة (arba‘a) the first four rules of arithmetic; اعمال منزلية (manzilīya) household chores, household work; اعمال يدوية (yadawīya) handiwork(s), manual work; صاحب العمل employer

عملي ‘amalī work-, working- (in compounds); serving practical purposes, practical; applied; عمليا ‘amalīyan practically, in practice | الحياة العملية practical life, workaday life, professional life; المذهب العملي (madhab) pragmatism; السياسة العملية practical policy, “Realpolitik”

عملية ‘amalīya pl. -āt work, job; action, activity; making, manufacture, fabrication, production; procedure, method, technique; operation (as an action done as part of practical work; med.; mil.); process | عملية قيصرية (qaiṣarīya) Caesarean section

عملة ‘amla evil deed | بعملة in the very act, red-handedly, flagrante delicto

عملة ‘umla wages, pay; currency; current money, currency in circulation; money | عملة زائفة counterfeit money; عملة سهلة (sahla) soft currency; عملة صعبة (ṣa‘ba) hard currency; مزيف العملة muzayyif al-‘u. counterfeiter; تهريب العملة currency smuggling

عميل ‘amīl pl. عملاء ‘umalā’2 (business) representative; agent (also pol.); commission merchant (com.); customer, patron; patient; client

عمي ‘amīla woman customer, woman client

O عميلة ‘umaila pl. -āt erg (unit of energy or work; phys.)

عمالة ‘amāla pl. -āt wages, pay; brokerage, commission; department, district, province; (Alg.) prefecture, administrative district

عمولة ‘amūla brokerage, commission

عمالي ‘ummālī labor, workers’ (in compounds) | صحيفة عمالية labor organ, labor (news)paper

معمل ma‘mal pl. معامل ma‘āmil2 factory, mill; workshop, plant, works, establishment; institute; laboratory; pl. معامل industrial plant | معمل البحث ma‘mal al-baḥt research institute; معمل التكرير refinery; معمل اللبن m. al-laban dairy

معاملة mu‘āmala pl. -āt treatment; procedure; social intercourse, social life, association (with one another); behavior, conduct (toward others); business; transaction; (esp. in pl.) mutual relations, business relations; pl. معاملات handling (of freight, luggage, etc.) | المعاملة بالمثل (mitl) reciprocity (in international trade); شرط معاملة الدول الأكثر رعاية m. id-duwali l-akaṭari ri‘āyatan most-favored nation clause (dipl.)

تعمل ta‘ammul affectedness, affectation, finicality, mannerism

تعامل ta‘āmul commercial intercourse, trade relations, trade, dealings, transactions; business transactions (stock exchange); (pl. -āt) O reaction (chem..)

استعمال isti‘māl application, use, employment; utilization, exploitation; operation, handling (e.g., of a machine) | سهل الاستعمال sahl al-ist. easy to handle; سوء الاسعتمال sū’ al-ist. abuse, misuse; شائع الاستعمال in general use, commonly used, generally accepted; اساء استعماله asā’a sti‘mālahū to abuse, misuse, misemploy s.th.

عامل ‘āmil active; effective; -- (pl. عوامل ‘awāmil2) factor, constituent, element, (causative) agent, motive power; word governing another in syntactical regimen, regent (gram.); -- (pl. عمال ‘ummāl) maker, producer, manufacturer; doer, perpetrator, author; worker, workman, workingman, laborer; wage earner, employee; governor, vicegerent, lieutenant; administrative officer at the head of a ‘amal (Tun.); (Alg.) district president, prefect (of a ‘amala) | الجيش العامل (jail) the regular, or active, army; تحت عامل الغضب (‘a. il-gadab) in wrathful agitation, infuriated; حزب العمال ḥizb al-‘u. labor party (specif., the Brit. Labour Party); عضو عامل (‘uḍw) active member

معمول به ma‘mūl bihī in force, effective, valid; in use, applied

المعاميل al-ma‘āmīl the coffee implements (Bedouin)

معامل mu‘āmil O coefficient (math.)

مستعمل musta‘mil user

مستعمل musta‘mal employed, used also = not new, secondhand); in use applied

عملاق ‘imlāq pl. عمالقة ‘amāliqa Amalekite; gigantic, giant, huge; a giant | عمالقة البحار huge ocean liners

1 عمن ‘ammān = عن من ‘an man

2 عمان ‘umān Oman, sultanate in SE Arabia

عماني ‘umānī Omani, Oman (adj.)

3 عمان ‘ammān2 Amman (the ancient Philadelphia, capital city of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)

عمه ‘amiha a (‘amah) to wander about, stray, rove; to stray (عن from)

عمي ‘amiya a (‘aman) to be or become blind, lose one’s eyesight; to be blind (عن to s.th.); to be obscure (على to s.o.) II to blind, render blind (ه s.o.); to blindfold (ه s.o.); to obscure, render cryptic, enigmatic or mysterious, mystify (هـ s.th.) IV to blind, render blind (ه s.o.); to blindfold (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) blind (عن to a fact) V to be or become blind, lose one’s eyesight VI to shut one’s eyes (عن on s.th.), pretend not to see (عن s.th.); to be blind (عن to)

عمى ‘aman blindness

عمية ‘amīya ignorance, folly

عماء ‘amā’ heavy clouds

عماية ‘amāya ignorance, folly

اعمى a‘mā, f. عمياء ‘amyā’2, pl. عمي ‘umy or عميان ‘umyān blind

معماة ma‘māh pl. معام ma‘āmin roadless desert, roadless area

تعام ta‘āmin blindness, (state of) delusion

معمى mu‘amman pl. معميات mu‘ammayāt riddle, puzzle

1 عن ‘an (prep.) off, away from; from (designating the source); out of (a feeling); about, on (a topic); according to, as attested or declared by, from what says, on the authority of; on the basis of, on the strength of; for, in defense of; as a substitute for; (as to syntactical regimen see under respective verb) | عن يمينه (yamīnihī) to (or at) his or its right, at (or on) his or its right side, to the right of him or it; على ارتفاع الف قدم عن سطح البحر (alfi qadamin, saṭḥI l-baḥr) 1000 feet above see level; عن طريق (ṭarīqi) by way of, via; by means of, through; اليك عني ilaika ‘annī away from me! عن امره (amrihī) by s.o.’s order(s). at s.o.’s instigation, on s.o.’s initiative; عن بصيرة consciously, fully aware of the situation; عن حسن نية (ḥusni nīya) in good faith, bona fide; عن حق (ḥaqq) justly, rightly, by rights; عن حوف (kauf) for fear; عن دراية, عن علم (‘ilm) on the basis of sound knowledge, in full cognizance of the situation; عن سرور gladly, happily, joyfully; عن قناعة وجدانية (qanā‘atin wijdānīya) out of absolute inner conviction; عن قريب or عما قريب, عن قليل or عما قليل (‘ammā) shortly, presently, after a (little) while, soon; عن وساطة فلان through the good offices of ...; يوما عن يوم (yauman) day after day, from day to day; قتلوا عن آخرهم (qutilū) they were killed to the last man; مات عن ثمانين سنة (tamānīna sanataan) he died at the age of eighty; مات عن تركة كبيرة (tarika) he died leaving a large fortune

2 عن ‘anna i u (‘ann, عنن ‘anan) to present itself, offer itself (ل to s.o.); to take shape, to form, arise, spring up (ل in s.o.’s mind), suggest itself (ل to s.o.; of an opinion); to appear (ل to, before) | عن له ان it occurred to him that ...

عنة ‘unna impotence (of the male)

عنان ‘anān (coll.; n. un. ة ) clouds

عنان ‘inān pl. اعنة a‘inna rein(s); bridle | اطلق له العنان (aṭlaqa, ‘inān) to give free rein to s.o. or s.th., give vent to s.th.; جرت الأمور في اعنتها (jarat, a‘innatihā) things took a normal course, developed as scheduled

عنين ‘anīn impotent (male)

عنب ‘inab (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اعناب a‘nāb grape(s) | عنب الذئب ‘i. ad-di’b black nightshade (Solanum nigrum; bot.)

عناب ‘unnāb (coll.; n. un. ة ) jujube (Zizyphus vulgaris Lam.; bot.); (its fruit) jujube

عنبر ‘anbar ambergris; (pl. عنابر ‘anābir2) sperm whale, cachalot (zool.)

عنبري ‘anbarī perfumed with ambergris; liqueur (also نبيذ عنبري ); a variety of pigeon

عنبرة الشتاء ‘anbarat aš-šitā’ the severity of winter

2 عنبر ‘anbar pl. عنابر ‘anābir2 storehouse, magazine, depot, warehouse; factory hall; hold (of a ship); ward. section (of a hospital); quarters (of a ship’s crew); barrack(s)

عنت ‘anita a (‘anat) to fall on evil days, come to grief, meet with hardship, be in distress, suffer adversity; to commit a sin, specif., commit fornication II to force s.o. (ه ) to perform a difficult task IV to distress, afflict, harass (ه s.o.), bring hardship (ه upon s.o.); to treat s.o. (ه ) harshly, deal with s.o. (ه ) roughly V to cause vexation, annoyance or distress (ه to s.o.), bring trouble (ه upon s.o.), harass, pre molest (ه s.o.); to seek to confuse s.o. (ه ) with questions; to pick a quarrel, be out for a fight (مع with s.o.); to stickle, be pigheaded, insist stubbornly

عنت ‘anal distress, affliction, hardship, misery, adversity; pains, trouble, inconvenience; constraint, coercion

اعنات i‘nāt torment, harassment, molestation, chicanery, constraint, coercion

تعنت ta‘annut obstinacy, obduracy, pigheadedness, stubborn zeal, stickling

متعنت muta‘annit obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, stubborn

عنتر ‘antara to display heroism

عنتر ‘antar Antar (the hero of a well-known romance of chivalry)

عنترى ‘antarī pl. -īya popular reciter of the Antar romance

عنترى ‘antarī pl. عناترة ‘anātira brassiere; bodice, corsage

عنترية ‘antarīya Antar, the romance of Antar, cycle of stories relating the deeds of Antar

عنجهية ‘unjuhīya haughtiness, self-importance, pride

عند ‘anada u i (عنود ‘unūd), ‘anida a (‘anad) and ‘anuda u to swerve, deviate, diverge, depart (عن from); to resist stubbornly; to be headstrong, obstinate, stubborn III to resist or oppose (ه s.o., doggedly), offer (stubborn) resistance (ه to s.o.) X to cling stubbornly (ه to s.th.)

عند ‘inda (prep.) at, near, by, with, on (of place, time and possession); upon; in the opinion of, in the view of; من عند min ‘indi from; from the home of; away from; من عنده in his turn, for his part; اضاف شيئا من عنده he added s.th. of his own; عندها then, at that moment, with these words; على عندي (‘indī) against me; عند البيت (bait) near the house, at the house; عند التحقيق to be exact …, strictly speaking …; عند طلوع الشمس (ṭ. iš-šams) at sunrise; عندي دينار واحد (‘indī dīnār) I have only one dinar (with me); عند ذلك then, thereupon, at that moment; ملوك الأرض عند الله تراب (m. ul-arḍ, turāb) the kings of this world are mere dust in comparison with God; عندي in my opinion, as I think; ما عندك what do you think? what is your opinion? لم يكن عند رأيهم (yakun, ra‘yihim) he was not what they had expected; كان عند حسن ظنه (ḥusni ẓannihī) to meet, or be up to, s.o.’s high expectation; كان عند حسن الظن به (ḥusni ẓ-ẓanni) to have a good opinion of s.o.; كان عند نصحه (nuṣḥihī) to follow s.o.’s advice

عندما ‘indamā as soon as, whenever; when, as

من عندياته min ‘indīyātihī sprung from his own mind, his own brain child; of one’s own accord, on one’s own initiative

عندئذ ‘inda’idin then, at that time; at that moment, thereupon, then; with that, thereby

عنيد ‘anīd pl. عند ‘unud resisting stubbornly (ل s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated, willful, pertinacious

عناد ‘inād resistance, opposition; stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy, pigheadedness, headstrongness, opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity

معاندة mu‘ānada resistance, opposition; stubbornness, obstinacy, obduracy, pigheadedness, headstrongness, opinionatedness, willfulness, pertinacity

معاند mu‘ānid resisting stubbornly (ل s.o., s.th.); stubborn, obstinate, obdurate, pigheaded, headstrong, opinionated, willful, pertinacious

عندلة ‘andala song of the nightingale

عندليب ‘andalīb pl. عنادل ‘anādil2 nightingale

عندم ‘andam brazilwood, sapanwood (used for dyeing); red dyestuff

عندم ‘andamī deep-red

عنز ‘anz pl. اعنز a‘nuz, عنوز ‘unūz, عناز ‘ināz goat

عنزة ‘anza (n. un.) pl. -āt goat

عنزة ‘anaza a short spear, iron-tipped at its lower end

عانس ‘ānis pl. عوانس ‘awānis spinster, old maid

عنصر ‘unṣur pl. عناصر ‘anāṣir2 origin; race, stock, breed; ethnic element; element (chem., pol.); component, constituent, ingredient; pl. also: nationalities

عنصري ‘unṣurī race, racial; ethnic; elemental, of or pertaining to the elements | التباغض العنصري (tabāguḍ) or الأحقاد العنصرية race hatred المسألة العنصرية (mas’ala) the nationality problem, the problem of ethnic minorities

عنصر ‘unṣurīya race, nationality; racial theory

العنصرة al-‘anṣara Whitsuntide; Whitsunday, Pentecost (Chr.) | عيد العنصرة īd al-‘a. Whitsuntide, Pentecost (Chr.); Shabuoth, Feast of Weeks, Pentecost (Jud.)

عنصل ‘unṣul pl. عناصل ‘anāṣil2 squill, sea onion

عنعنات ‘an‘anāt (pl.) traditions

معنعن mu‘an‘an transmitted, handed down

عنف II to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (ب or على or ه s.o.), deal with s.o. (ب or على or ه ) roughly; to reprimand, rebuke, censure sharply, berate, chide, scold (ب or ه s.o.) IV to treat severely, harshly, with rigor (ه s.o.), deal with s.o. (ه ) roughly

عنف ‘unf, ‘anf sternness, severity, rigor; harshness; bluntness, gruffness; ruggedness, roughness; violence, vehemence; fierceness, bitterness, embitterment, toughness; use of force

عنيف ‘anīf stern, severe, drastic, rigorous; harsh, hard; ungentle, rough, rude; blunt, gruff; rugged, rough; violent, vehement; fierce, embittered, tough; strenuous, exacting, difficult (e.g., reading)

عنفوان ‘unfuwān vigor, prime, bloom | في عنفوان شبابه (‘u. šabābihī) in the prime of his youth

اعنف a‘naf2 sterner, severer, harsher, harder, fiercer

تعنيف ta‘nīf stern censure, reprimand, rebuke

عنق II to grab by the neck, to collar (ه s.o.) III to embrace, hug (ه s.o.); to associate closely (ه with), attach o.s. closely (ه to) VI to embrace each other VIII to embrace, hug (ه s.o.); to adopt, embrace (هـ s.th., esp. a religion or doctrine), be converted (هـ to s.th.), take up (هـ s.th.); to combine (هـ with s.th.; chem.); to embrace each other

عنق unuq, unq pl. اعناق a‘nāq neck, nape

عناق ‘anāq pl. اعنق a‘nuq, عنوق ‘unūq she-kid, young she-goat | عناق الأرض ‘a. al-arḍ caracal, desert lynx (Lynx caracal; zool.)

عنقاء ‘anqā’2 a legendary bird, griffon

عناق ‘ināq embrace, hug, accolade

معانقة mu‘ānaqa embrace, hug, accolade

اعتناق i‘tināq embracement (of a religion or doctrine), adoption, acceptance (of a doctrine)

عنقود ‘unqūd pl. عناقيد ‘anāqīd2 cluster, bunch; bunch of grapes

عنقاش ‘inqāš peddler, hawker

عنكبوت ‘ankabūt pl. عناكب ‘anākib2 spider | بيت (نسيج) العنكبوت bait al-‘a. cobweb, spider web

عنا (عنو ) ‘anā u (‘unūw) to be humble, submissive, subservient, servile (ل toward, before), be obedient, yield, submit (ل to s.o.), obey (ل s.o.); -- u (عنوة ‘anwa) to take by force (هـ s.th.); -- u to be on s.o.’s (ه ) mind, disquiet, discomfort, worry, preoccupy (ه s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest (ه s.o.)

عنوة ‘anwa force, compulsion; forcibleness, violence; ‘anwatan forcibly, by force

معنوي see عنى

عان ‘ānin humble, subservient, submissive, servile, obedient; captive; miserable, distressed, in trouble

عنون ‘anwana to furnish with an address or title, entitle, address (هـ s.th.)

عنوان ‘unwān pl. عناوين ‘anāwīn2 address; title, heading; model, epitome; sign, token | على or عنوانا ل in token of s.th., as a sign of s.th.

معنون mu‘anwan addressed (الى to), inscribed; entitled (ب as)

عنى ‘anī i (عناية ‘ināya) to be on s.o.’s (ه ) mind; to disquiet, discomfort, worry, preoccupy (ه s.o.); to concern, affect, regard, interest (ه s.o.); -- ‘aniya a (عناء ‘anā’) to be worried, concerned, anxious; to toil, labor, drudge; -- ‘anī i (‘any) to have in mind (هـ s.th.), mean (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. by); يعني ya‘nī or اعني a‘nī that is, i.e.; -- pass. ‘uniya (عناية ‘ināya) to worry, be concerned (ب about), take an interest (ب in); to take care (ب of), see (ب to) II to torment, agonize, distress, harass, (ه s.o.) III to be preoccupied (هـ with s.th.); to take pains (هـ with s.th., in doing s.th.), spend effort (هـ on s.th.); to see to it, make efforts, bear in mind, make sure (ان that); to undergo, incur, endure, suffer, sustain, bear (هـ s.th.); to suffer (هـ from), be afflicted (هـ with) V to toil, labor. drudge VIII to be solicitous (ب about, for, of), go to trouble (ب for), be concerned, anxious (ب about), feel concern (ب for); to take care (ب of), care. provide (ب for), look (ب after), see (ب to), tend (ب s.th.), put one’s mind, devote one’s attention (ب to); to attend (ب to), nurse (ب s.o., s.th., e.g., a patient)

عناء ‘anā’ pains, trouble, toil, hardship, difficulty, distress

عناية ināya concern; care, solicitude, providence (ب for); care(fulness), painstaking, meticulousness (ب in); heed, notice, regard, attention (ب to); interest (ب in) | العناية الإلهية (ilāhīya) divine providence; عناية طبية (ṭibbīya) medical care

معنى ma‘nan pl. معان ma‘ānin sense, meaning, signification, import; concept, notion, idea, thought; thematic purport (e.g., of a work of art, as distinguiohed from its form); a rhetorical, figurative, or allegorical expression; المعاني the good qualities (of a person) | اسم معنى ism ma‘nā abstract noun (gram.); علم المعاني ‘ilm al-m. rhetoric; ذو معنى significant, meaningful, telling, tell-tale; بكل معنى الكلمة bi-kull m. l-kalima in the full sense of the word; لا معنى له (ma‘nā) meaningless, without meaning; وما في معناه and the like; نظرات كلها معان (naẓarāt kulluhā) telling glances, glances full of meaning

معنوى ma‘nawī relating to the sense or import (of a word or expression; as opposed to لفظي lafẓī); semantic, significative, of or pertaining to meaning; ideal, ideational, ideative; abstract; mental; spiritual (as opposed to material) | شخص معنوى (šakṣ) artificial, conventional, or juristic, person, a body corporate as a subject of rights and duties

معنوبات ma‘nawīyāt ideal, immaterial thing.; morale, spirit (of an army)

معاناة mu‘ānāh effort(s)

تعن ta‘annin pains, trouble, toil, drudgery

اعتناء i‘tinā’ providing, solicitude, concern (ب for), attendance (ب to), maintenance, nursing, cultivation (ب of), care (ب of, for), carefulness, painstaking (ب in); attention (ب to), interest (ب in)

عان ‘ānin miserable, distressed, in trouble

معني ma‘nīy concerned, affected; interested (ب in)

معنى mu‘annan (syr.) unmetrical poem with end rhyme

معتن mu‘tanin concerned, solicitous, careful, heedful, mindful, thoughtful, attentive

عهد ‘ahida a (‘ahd) to know (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; هـ s.th., e.g., a quality, a trait, ب of

s.o.), be acquainted, familiar (هـ, ه with); to observe closely, heed (هـ s.th.), adhere (هـ to s.th.); to attend (هـ to), look after s.th. (هـ ); to delegate, entrust, assign, commit (ب الى to s.o., s.th.), vest (ب الى in s.o. s.th.), communion, charge, authorize, empower. entrust (ب الى s.o. with, or s.o. with the task of ...); to impose, enjoin (ب الى on s.o s.th., or on s.o. the obligation to ...), obligate, commit (ب الى s.o. to do s.th.) | فيما اعهد (a‘hadu) to my knowledge, as far as I know; عهد ووعد (wa‘dahū) to fulfill, or keep, one’s promise III to make a contract, compact, or covenant (على ه with s.o. concerning); to promise (على ه to s.o. s.th. also ب s.th.); to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s. commit o.s. obligate o.s. (على ه to s.o. to do s.th.) V to advocate, support (s.th.), stand up (هـ for s.th.); to observe, heed, keep in mind (هـ s.th.), pay attention, see, attend (هـ to s.th.), take care (هـ of s.th.); to care (هـ for s.th.), maintain, keep up, service (هـ s.h.); to be liable for the maintenance or upkeep (هـ of s.th.); to assume. take upon o.s. (ب s.th.); to engage, undertake, bind o.s. pledge o.s., commit o.s. obligate o.s. (ب ل to s.o. to do s.th., also ان على to do s.th.); to promise (ب ل to s.o. s.th.) X to exact a written pledge or commitment (من from s.o.); to have s.o. (من ) sign a contract

عهد ‘ahd knowledge; acquaintance, contact (ب with); the well-known, familiar nature (of s.o.); close observance, strict adherence (to), keeping, fulfillment (of a promise); delegation, assignment, committing (الى ب of s.th. to s.o.), vesting (ب الى in s.o. of s.th.), commissioning, charging, entrusting (ب الى of s.o. with s.th.); commission; -- (pl. عهود ‘uhūd) commitment, obligation, liability; responsibility; pledge, vow; promise; oath; contract, compact, covenant, pact, treaty, agreement; time, epoch, era | بعد العهد bu‘d al-‘a. the fact that s.th. is long pact, that s.th. belong, to the remote past; حديث العهد recent, late, new, young; قريب العهد do.; حديث العهد or حديث عهد ب (ḥ. ‘ahdin) having adopted or acquired (s.th.) recently; not long accustomed to (s.th.), inexperienced at (s.th.), new at (s.th.), newly, e.g., حديث عهد بعرس (bi-‘ursin) newly wed, حديث العهد بالولادة newborn; كان حديث عهد بأوربا he had not known Europe until recently; قديم العهد of an early date, long past, long-standing; قديم العهد ب of long experience in, long acquainted with; قريب عهد ب (q. ‘ahdin), قريب العهد ب = حديث عهد ب, حديث العهد ب; قريب عهد بالفطام (fiṭām) just weaned. newly weaned; ...-I,} ¥ <J- for a abort time (past), of late; recent, late; recently, lately, the other day; منذ عهد بعيد a long time ago; لا عهد له (‘ahda) not to know s.th.; not having experienced s.th., being unacquainted with ...; عهدنا بهذه المسألة (‘ahdunā, mas’ala) our long-standing knowledge of this question; اخذ عهدا عليه to exact a promise from s.o., pledge s.o.; قطع عهدا to conclude a treaty, make a contract; to make a promise; قطع نفسه عهدا على to assume an obligation, commit o.s. obligate o.s. pledge o.s.; to vow, make a vow (ب to do s.th.); عهد الأمان ‘a. al-amān (formerly:) an order bestowed by the Bey of Tunis; عهد الأمان المرصع (muraṣṣa‘) a higher class of the afore-mentioned order; العهد الجديد the New Testament; العهد القديم the Old Testament; ولي العهد walīy al-‘a. heir-apparent, crown prince; على عهده at or in his time; في عهد فلان during s.o.’s lifetime; in s.o.’s epoch; عهده his familiar nature or manner, his nature as it had always been known; ظل كعهده (ẓalla) he remained as he had always been, as everybody used to know him; عهدهم the nature or manner that they know (knew) of him (or of it), that they are

(were) used to; كعهدهم به such as they used to know him; ما زلت انت كعهدي بك yon are still the same! ما زال على عهده to be unchanged, be as always; طال به العهد (‘ahdu) to last, or have lasted, a long time

عهدة ‘uhda contractual obligation (Isl. Law); responsibility; charge, custody, guardianship; guaranty | في عهدته in his care, custody, or charge, entrusted to him; عهدته له (‘uhdatuhū) he is responsible for it

عهيد ‘ahīd ally, confederate

معهد ma‘had pl. معاهد ma‘āhid2 place, locality (which one had known before or which one revisits); public institute or institution; (scientific) institute; seminar | معاهد الذكريات m. ad-dikrayāt places fraught with memories; معهد اصلاحي (iṣlāḥī) reformatory

معاهدة mu‘āhada pl. -āt agreement, arrangement, accord.; alliance, treaty, pact | معاهدة السلام (الصلح ) m. as-salām (aṣ-ṣulḥ) peace treaty; معاهدة عدم الاعتداء m. ‘adam al-i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact

تعهد ta‘ahhud advocacy, support; care; charge, custody, guardianship, tutelage (with foll. genit.: over); care, maintenance, servicing, upkeep; assumption, undertaking (ب of s.th.); (pl. -āt) promise, pledge, commitment, engagement, obligation, liability, contractual duty

معهود ma‘hūd well-known; المعهود the said ..., the … in question

متعهد muta‘ahhid pl. -ūn contractor, entrepreneur; concessionaire | متعهد فني (fannī) impresario

متعاهد muta‘āhid: المتعاهدان the two contracting parties

عهر ‘ahara a (‘ahr, ‘ihr) and ‘ahira a (‘ahar) to commit adultery, whore (اليها with a woman) III = I (ها with a woman)

عهر ‘ihr adultery, fornication, whoredom; prostitution

عهر ‘ahr adulterer, whoremonger, fornicator

عهارة ‘ahāra adultery, fornication, whoredom; prostitution

عاهر ‘āhir committing adultery, fornicating, whoring; (pl. عهار ‘uhhār) adulterer, fornicator, whoremonger; -- (pl. عواهر ‘awahir2) adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute

عاهرة ‘āhira pl. -āt, عواهر ‘awāhir2 adulteress; whore, harlot, prostitute

عاهل ‘āhil pl. عواهل ‘awāhil2 sovereign, prince, ruler, monarch

عهن ‘ihn (colored) wool

عواهن ‘awāhin2 (pl. of عاهن ‘āhin) limbs, extremities (of the body); palm branches | القى (رمى) الكلام على عواهنه (alqā, kalāma) to talk without restraint, ramble

عوج ‘awija a (‘awaj) to be crooked, curved, twisted, tortuous, bent, bowed, stooping; to bend, twist, curve; -- عاج ‘āja u to turn off the road (while traveling); to stop (over). put up (على at, in) II to bend, crook, curve, twist (هـ s.th.) V and IX = I

عوج ‘iwaj, ‘awaj crookedness, twistedness, curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from that which is right)

عاج ‘āj ivory

عاجي ‘ājī ivory (adj.)

اعوج a‘waj2, f. عوجاء ‘aujā’2, pl. (عوج ‘ūj crooked, curved, bent, twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry; odd, queer

اععجاج i‘wijāj crookedness, twistedness, curvature, bend(ing), tortuosity; unevenness; deviation (from that which is right); crooked ways

معوجه mu‘awwaja pl. -āt retort (chem.)

معوج mu‘wajj crooked, curved, bent, twisted, tortuous, sinuous; stooping, bowed; wry; odd, queer

عاد (عود ) ‘āda u (‘aud, عود ‘auda, معاد ma‘ād) to return, come back (ل or الى to); to flow back; to go back. be traceable, be attributable (الى to); to revert, redound, accrue (على to); to refer, relate (على to); to be due. go back (الى to); to fall to s.o.’s (الى ) lot or share, fall in s.o.’s ((الى bailiwick; to belong, (ap)pertain, be proper (الى or ل to); to give up, abandon, relinquish (عن s.th.), withdraw, resign (عن from); عاد ب to return with = to lead back, bring back, take back, return, reduce, revert s.o. or s.th. (الى to); عاد عليه ب to bring about, entail s.th. for s.o s. result in s.th. for s.o., yield, bring in, return s.th. to s.o.; (with predicate adjective or noun in acc.) to become, grow (into), turn into; (with foil. imparf. or الى ) to resume, renew (an activity); (with neg. and foil. imparf.) to do s.th. no more or no longer; with foil. finite verb) to do s.th. again or anew; -- u (عيادة ‘iyāda) to visit (ه a patient), have under treatment (ه s.o.; of a physician) | عاد الى نفسه to regain consciousness, come to; to take counsel with o.s., hold self-communion, examine o.s. introspectively, search one’s soul; عادت المياه الى مجاريها (majārīhā) the situation returned to normal; عاد الى رأس أمره ra’s amrihī) to start s.th. all over again; عاد ادراجه (adrājahū) to retrace one’s steps; to turn back, go back; عاد على عقبيه (‘aqbaihi), pl. عادوا على اعقابهم (a‘qābihim) do.; لم اعد استطيع صبرا lam a‘ud astatī‘u ṣabran I could not stand it any longer; لم يعد لع طاقة به (ya‘ud, ṭāqatun) he no longer had any power over it; لم يعد اليه سبيل there is no longer any possibility for it; عاد يقول he continued (after a pause in his speech) II to accustom, habituate, condition, inure, season (على or هـ ه s.o. to s.th.), make s.o. (ه ) get used (على or هـ to s.th.) III to return (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to revert, come back, turn again, apply o.s. anew (هـ to s.th.), take up again, resume (هـ s.th.); to befall again, seize again (ه s.o.), come again (ه over s.o.) IV to cause to return, bring back, take back (ه هـ الى s.o., s.th. to); to return, give back, send back (هـ الى, ه s.o., s.th. to s.o.); to put back, lay back (هـ s.th., الى محله ilā maḥallihī in its place); to repeat (على هـ s.th., i.e., words, to s.o.); to reiterate, repeat, do again or anew, renew, resume (هـ s.th.); to re-establish, restore, repair (هـ s.th.); to restore (هـ هـ s.th. to), make s.th. (هـ ) once more (هـ s.th.); to reinstate, reinstall (هـ s.o.) | اعاد بناء مسجد (binā’a masjidin) to rebuild a mosque; اعاد ذكريات (dikrayāt) to revive, or reawaken, memories; اعاد طبع الكتاب (ṭab‘a l-k.) to reprint a book; يعيد القول ويبدأه (yu‘īdu, yabda’uhū) he keeps talking of it, he continue, to bring up the subject; اعاد النظر في (naẓara) to re-examine, reinvestigate, reconsider, check, verify, revise s.th., go over s.th. or into s.th. again; اعاد النظر في الدعوى (da‘wā) to retry the case (jur.) V to get used, be accustomed, habituate o.s. (على or هـ to s.th.), make a habit (على or هـ of s.th.), be used to doing, be wont to do (على or هـ s.th.) VIII = V; X to recall, call back (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to reclaim, demand back (من هـ s.th. from); to regain, recover, recuperate, reconquer, fetch back, get back, retrieve (هـ s.th.); to recall, recollect, call back to one’s mind (هـ s.th.); to ask s.o. (ه ) to repeat (هـ s.th.)

عود ‘ūd pl. اعواد a‘wād, عيدان ‘īdān wood; stick, rod, pole; branch, twig, switch; stem, stalk; cane, reed; aloes (wood); lute (musical instrument); body, build, physique; strength, force, intensity; pl. اعواد full intensity (e.g., of a disease) | عود الثقاب matchstick, match; عود الصليب peony (Paeonia; bot.); عود الكبريت ‘ūd al-kibrīt matchstick, match; رخاوة العود rakāwat al-‘ūd weakness of character; صلب العود ṣulb al-‘ūd of robust physique; strongly built, husky, sturdy; stubborn, resistant, unbending, unyielding, relentless; صلابة العود ṣalābat al-‘ūd sternness, severity, hardness, obstinacy, stubbornness, inflexibility, relentlessness; لدن العود ladn al-‘ūd lissome, lithe, of elastic physique; ثقف عوده (taqqafa) to train, educate s.o.; عجم عوده (‘ūdahū) to test s.o., put s.o. to the test; كسر عوده (‘ūdahū) to break s.o.’s power of resistance, crush s.o.’s spirit

عود ‘aud return; reversion; recurrence; recidivism (jur.); repetition, reiteration | فعله عودا وبدءا fa'alahū ‘audan wa bad’an or فعله عوده على بدئه (‘audahū) or فعله عودا الى بدء he did or started it all over again

عودة ‘auda return | بعودة البريد by return mail; الى غير عودة never to return again, gone forever; good riddance! farewell forever!

عادة ‘āda pl. -āt, عوائد ‘awā’id2 habit, wont, custom, usage, practice; ‘ādatan usually, customarily, ordinarily, habitually; pl. عوائد taxes, duties; charges, fees, rates | فوق العادة extraordinary, unusual, uncommon; special, extraordinary, emergency (e.g., meeting); على عادته according to his habit, as was his wont, as he used to do; كسابق العادة ka-sābiqi l-‘ā. as was formerly customary, as usual; جرت العادة ب (jarat il-‘ādatu) to be customary, usual, common or current, prevail, be a common phenomenon, be the vogue, have become common practice; جرت به عادتهم that was their habit, that’s what they used to do; العادة السرية (sirrīya) onanism, masturbation; عوائد الجمرك ‘a. al-gumruk customs duties; عوائد مبان ‘a. mabānin house taxes; عوائد الأملاك taxes on real state

عادي ‘ādī customary, usual, common, ordinary, normal, regular; undistinguished, run-of-the-mill; ordinary, regular (e.g., meeting, as opposed to extraordinary, special, emergency); simple, plain, ordinary (man); old, ancient, antique; عاديات ‘ādīyāt antiques, antiquities

عياد ‘iyād repetition, reiteration, recurrence

عيادة ‘iyāda visit (with a patient), doctor’s call (on a patient); -- (pl. -āt) clinic; office (of a physician), consultation room (of a physician) | عيادة خارجية (kārijīya) policlinic; outpatient clinic

عوادة ‘awāda pl. -āt woman lutist

معاد ma‘ād return; place to which one returns; (place of) destination; المعاد the hereafter, the life to come | المبدأ والمعاد (mabda’) the crux, (of a matter), the all-important factor (of s.th.)

تعويد ta‘wīd accustoming, habituation, conditioning, inurement (على to)

اعادة i‘āda giving back, handing back, sending back, return(ing); reinstatement, reinstallment; repetition, reiteration; resumption; re-establishment, restoration, repair | اعاد البناء reconstruction; اعادة الحقوق rehabilitation; اعادة التسلح i. at-tasalluḥ rearmament; اعادة الشؤون على ما كانت عليه restoration of the status quo ante; اعادة التكوين re-formation; اعادة النظر في (i. an-naẓar) re-examination, reinvestigation, reconsideration, revision of s.th.; اعادة النظر في دعوى (da‘wa) retrial of a case (jur.); اعادة التنظيم reorganization

تعود ta‘awwud contraction of a habit, habituation

اعتياد i‘tiyād oontraotion of a habit, habituation

اعتيادي i‘tiyādī ordinary, common; usual, customary, habitual; normal, regular; plain, simple, ordinary (man)

استعادة isti‘āda reconquest, recovery, recuperation, regaining, reclamation, retrieval

عائد ‘ā’id returning, reverting, recurrent; accruing (profit, merit); belonging, (ap)pertaining, proper (ل or الى to s.o., to s.th.); (pl. -ūn) returning emigrant, re-emigrant; (pl. عواد ‘uwwād) visitor (to a sick person); pl. عائدات revenues | عائد الأرباح net profit, net gain

عائدة ‘ā’ida pl. عوائد ‘awā’d2 benefit, profit, advantage, gain (على for s.o.)

عائدية ‘ā’idīya a belonging (to), a being part (of), membership

معود mu‘awwad used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned (على to); wont (على to do s.th.), being in the habit (على of doing s.th.)

معيد mu‘īd pl. -ūn repetitor, tutor, coach; assistant conducting drill sessions (university)

معاد ma‘ād: معاد تصديره (taṣdīruhū) forwarded (mail)

متعود muta‘awwid used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned (على to); wont (على to do s.th.), being in the habit (على of doing s.th.)

معتاد mu‘tād used, accustomed, habituated, conditioned, inured, seasoned, (على to); wont (على to do s.th.), being in the habit (على of doing s.th.); usual, customary, normal | كالمعتاد as usual; معتاد الجرائم habitual criminal

عاذ (عوذ ) ‘āda u (‘aud, عياذ ‘iyād, معاذ ma‘ād) to seek the protection (من ب of s.o. from or against), take refuge (من ب with s.o. from) | اعوذ بالله a‘ūdu bi-llāh God forbid! God save me from that! II to protect (من ه s.o. from or against, by placing him under the wing ب of s.o. else); to pronounce a charm or incantation (ه over s.o.); to fortify (ه s.o.) with a charm, incantation or amulet IV = II; to place s.o. (ه ) under God’s protection, pray to God that he guard s.o. (ه ) against s.th. V = I; X = I; to protect o.s., make o.s. proof (ب by means of)

عوذ ‘aud (act of) taking refuge

عوذ ‘awad refuge, place of refuge, retreat, asylum, sanctuary

عوذة ‘ūda pl. عوذ ‘uwad amulet, talisman; charm, spell, incantation

عياذ ‘iyād (act or instance of) taking refuge | عياذ الله ‘iyāda llāh or العياذ بالله (‘iyāda) God forbid! God save (protect) me (us) from that!

معاذ ma‘ād (act or instance of) taking refuge; refuge, place of refuge, retreat, asylum, sanctuary | معاذ الله ma‘āda llāh(i) God forbid! God save (protect) me (us) from that!

تعويذ ta‘wīd pl. تعتويذ ta‘āwīd2 amulet, talisman; charm, spell, incantation

عور ‘awira a (‘awar) to lose an eye, be or become one-eyed II to deprive of one eye, make blind in one, eye (ه s.o.); to damage, mar, spoil (هـ s.th.); to gauge (هـ measures, weights), test the accuracy (هـ of measures, of weights) IV to lend, loan (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) VI to alternate, take turns (هـ in s.th.), do by turns, take alternately (هـ s.th.): to seize, grip, befall, overcome, (alternately, successively) (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) VIII اعتور i‘tawara to befall, affect (alternately, successively) (ه s.o.), come (alternately, successively) (ه over s.o.); to shape, mold, form (هـ s.th., said of heterogeneous influences or factors); to stand in the way of (هـ ), hinder (هـ s.th.) X to borrow (من هـ s.th. from)

عورة ‘aura defectiveness, faultiness, deficiency, imperfection; -- (pl. -āt) pudendum, genitals; weakness, weak spot

عوار ‘awār, ‘iwār fault, blemish, defect, flaw, imperfection

عوار ‘uwwār a variety of swallow

عير ‘īra (eg.) false, artificial (teeth, hair)

اعور a‘war2, f. عوراء ‘aurā’2, pl. عور ‘ūr one-eyed | المعي الأعور (ma‘y) caecum, blind gut

اعارة i‘āra lending

اعاري i‘ārī: مكتبة اعارية (maktaba) lending library, circulating library

تعاور ta‘āwur alternation, variation, fluctuation

استعارة isti‘āra borrowing; metaphor

استعاري isti‘ārī metaphorical, figurative

عارية ‘āriya or ‘ārīya pl. عور ‘awārin s.th. borrowed, borrowing; loan

معير mu‘īr lender

معار mu‘ār lent, loaned

مستعير musta‘īr borrower

مستعار musta‘ār borrowed; used metaphorically or figuratively; false, artificial (e.g., hair) | اسم مستعار (ism) pseudonym; وجوه مستعار masked faces; hypocrites

2 عار ‘ārin see عرى

عوز ‘awiza a (‘awaz) to be or become poor, needy, destitute; -- عاز ‘āza u (‘auz) to need, require (هـ s.th.), be in want or need (هـ of s.th.) IV اعوز a‘waza to be or become poor, needy, destitute | اعوزه الشيء (šai’u) he lacked the thing, he needed it, he was in want of it

عوز ‘awaz lack, need, want, necessity, exigency; poverty, neediness, destitution, indigence, penury

عوز ‘awiz poor, needy, destitute, necessitous, indigent

عازة ‘āza lack, need, want, necessity, exigency; poverty, poorness

اعوز a‘waz2 poor, needy, destitute, indigent, necessitous

غ

غاباني gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric

غار see غور

غاز gāz pl. -āt gas; petroleum, oil (magr.) | الغازات السامة (sāmma) the poison gases

غازي gāzī gaseous, gaslike | مياه غازية carbonated water, mineral water

غازوزة (It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water

1 غال gāl pl. -āt padlock

2 الغال al-gāl Gaul (country)

غالي gālī Gallic; (pl. -ūn) a Gaul

غانة gāna2, غانا Ghana

1 غب to attack every other day (على, ه s.o., of fever)

غب gibb end, outcome, upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence; gibba (prep.) after | زاره غبا zarahū gibban to visit s.o. at intervals; حمى الغب ḥummā l-g. tertian fever

غبب gabab pl. اغباب agbāb dewlap (of bovines), wattle

مغبة magabba pl. -āt end, outcome, upshot, issue, effect, result, consequence

2 غب gabba u (= عب ‘abba u) to gulp down, pour down, toss down, drink avidly (هـ s.th.)

غبة gubba swallow, gulp, draught

غبر gabara u (غبور gubūr) to go by, elapse, pass; to be past, elapsed, bygone II to soil, or cover, with dust (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to raise dust | غبر في وجهه (wajhihī) to surpass, outstrip, outdo s.o., be superior to s.o. IV = II; V to be dust-covered, be or become dusty IX to be dust-colored

غبر gabir recrudescent, reopening (wound)

غبرة guhra dust color

غبرة gabara dust

غبار gubār dust; (pl. اغبرة agbira) dust cloud | لا غبار عليه (gubāra) clear, plain, distinct; unobjectionable, incontestable; blameless, irreproachable, faultless, impeccable (morally); ما شق غباره mā šaqqa gubārahū he never quite attained his (another’s) eminence, he did not measure up to him; لا يشق غباره lā yušaqqu gubāruhū or لا يشق له غبار (yušaqqu) he is unsurpassable, he is unequaled; unsurpassable, unequaled, unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; جرى في غباره (jarā) to follow s.o. loyally

اغبر agbar2, f. غبراء gabrā’2, pl. غبر gubr dust-colored; dust-covered, dusty; الأغبر the earth, the ground; الغبراء the Earth

اغبرار igbirār grudge, rancor, resentment (على toward)

غابر gābir pl. غابر gawābir2 bygone, past, elapsed; the past | الأزمان الغابرة or القديم الغابر old times, ancient times

غبش gabaš pl. اغباش agbāš darkness, dark, duskiness; the twilight before sunrise, last shadows of the night

غبش gabiš dark (night); opaque, not transparent

غبشة gabša twilight (of dawn)

اغبش agbaš 2, f. غبشاء gabšā’, pl. غبش gubš dark (night); opaque, not transparent

غباشة gabāša weakness of the eyes, asthenopia

غبط gabaṭa i (gabṭ) to envy (على ه s.o. s.th. or for s.th.); pass. gubiṭa to be happy II to make (ه s.o.) envious; to deem (ه s.o.) fortunate, call (ه s.o.) happy VIII to be glad, be delighted, rejoice, exult, be jubilant (ب at, about), be elated (ب by); to be happy (ب about); to be pleased, be satisfied (ب with)

غبطة gabṭa state of happiness, happiness, exultation, delight, rapture, bliss, felicity; beatitude; title of the Patriarch (Copt.-Chr.) صاحب الغبطة do.; كان مكان غبطة (maḥalla g.) to be in an enviable position

اغتباط igtibāṭ joy, delight, rejoicing, exultation, triumph, jubilation; happiness, contentedness, satisfaction, gratification, pleasure

مغبوط magbūṭ in an enviable position, happy, lucky, fortunate; blessed, beatified, canonized (Chr.)

مغتبط mugtabiṭ glad, happy, delighted (ب at), pleased, satisfied (ب with), gratified (ب by)

1 غبن gabana i (gabn) to cheat, dupe, gull, defraud, overreach (في ه s.o. in), impose (في upon s.o. in)

غبن gabn, gubn pl. غبون gubūn fraud, deceit, imposture, swindle; defraudation, cheating, duping; damage, wrong, prejudice | غبن فاحش criminal fraud (Isl. Law)

غبن gaban stupidity

تغابن tagābun mutual cheating | يوم التغابن yaum at-t. the Day of Resurrection

مغبون magbūn deceived, defrauded, cheated, gulled, duped; prejudiced, wronged, injured | رجع بصفقة المغبون or. عاد (bi-ṣafqati l-m.) to return empty-handed; to lose the game

2 غباني gabānī and غاباني gābānī cashmere, a soft twilled fabric

(غبو and غبي ) gahiya a (غباوة gabāwa) not to comprehend (عن or هـ s.th.), have no knowledge, be ignorant (عن or هـ of s.th.); to be unknown, unfamiliar (على to s.o.) VI to be unaware (عن of s.th.)

غبي gabīy pl. اغبياء agbiyā’2 unwise, unjudicious, ignorant, foolish, stupid; dolt, numbskull, ignoramus

غباء gabā’ ignorance, foolishness, stupidity

غباوة gabāwa ignorance, foolishness, stupidity

غبوة gabwa riddle, puzzle

اغبى agbā stupider, more foolish, more simple-minded

غت gatta u (gatt) to press, choke, throttle (ه s.o.); to dip, plunge, immerse (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. in) | غت الضحك (ḍaḥika) to suppress one’s laughter, bite one’s lip

غث gatta i a (غثاثة gatāta, غثوثة gutūta) to be or become lean, meager; -- gatta i (gatt, غثيث gatīt) to feater, suppurate, discharge pus (wound)

غث gatt lean, thin, scrawny; meager, scanty, poor, wretched

غثيث gatīt lean, thin, scrawny; pus, matter

غثاثة gatāta leanness, thinness, scrawniness

غثي gatā i to confuse, muddle, jumble, garble (هـ s.th.); -- غثت نفسه gatat nafsuhū (gaty, غثيان gatayān) and غثيت نفسه (gatiyat) to feel like vomiting, feel sick, be indisposed

غثي gaty nausea, qualmishness, sickness; indisposition

غثيان gatayān nausea, qualmishness, sickness; indisposition

غثاء gutā’ scum

غجر (eg.) to scold, use abusive language, curse, swear

غجري gajarī pl. غجر gajar gipsy

تغجير tagjīr scolding, cursing, abusive language

غد see غدو

غدد gadad cattle epidemic

غدة gudda pl. غدد gudad gland | الغدة الدرقية (daraqīya) thyroid gland; غدة صماء (ṣammā) endocrine (or ductless) gland; الغدة الصنوبرية (ṣanaubarīya) pineal gland; الغدة النكفية (nakfīya) parotid gland

غددي gudadī glandular

غدر gadara i u (gadr) to act treacherously, perfidiously (في or ب or ه toward s.o.), doublecross, deceive, betray, delude (ب or ه s.o.) III to leave (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; الى هـ place for), depart (الى هـ from a place to)

غدر gadr perfidy, breach of faith, betrayal, treason, treachery

غدير gadīr pl. غدر gudur, غدران gudrān pond, pool, puddle; stream, brook, creek, river

غديرة gadīra pl. غدائر gadā’ir2 queue, pigtail, braid, plait, tress (of hair)

غدار gaddār perfidious, disloyal, treacherous, traitorous; false, faithless, deceitful

غدارة gaddāra pl. -āt pistol | غدارة سريعة الطلق (s. aṭ-ṭalq) submachine gun, Tommy gun

غادر gādir perfidious, disloyal, treacherous; false, faithless, deceitful

غدفة gudfa pl. غدف gudaf headcloth, kerchief

غداف gudaf raven

غدق gadiqa a (gadaq) to be copious, be heavy, pour down (rain) IV = I; to give bountifully (على to s.o.), shower, load (هـ على s.o. with s.th.), bestow liberally (هـ على upon s.o. s.th.)

غدق gadiq copious, abundant (water, rain)

مغدق mugdiq copious, abundant (water, rain)

غدن XII igdaudana to grow long and luxuriantly (hair)

غدن gadan languor, lassitude, flaccidity, limpness

غدنة gudna languor, lassitude, flaccidity, limpness

غدان gidān clothes peg

مغدودن mugdaudin luxuriant, flowing, long (hair)

غدا (غدو ) gadā u (gudūw, gadw, غدوة gadwa) to go (away), leave, come, do, or be, early in the morning; to run; to become (هـ s.th.), grow, turn (هـ into), come to be (هـ s.th.) | غدا وراح (wa-rāḥa) to go back and forth, walk to and fro; to come and go; -- غدي gadiya a (غدا gadan) to breakfast, have breakfast II to give breakfast (ه to s.o.); to give lunch (ه to s.o.) III to go early in the morning (ه to s.o.) | يراوحها ويغاديها yurāwiḥuhā wa-yugādīhā he calls on her time and again or constantly V to breakfast, have breakfast; to lunch, have lunch

غد gad the morrow, the following day; غدا gadan tomorrow; on a future day, sometime in the future | في غد, من غد on the following day, tomorrow; في الغد do.; on a future day, sometime in the future; بعد غد day after tomorrow; في ذات غد see ذات

غداء gadā’ pl. اغدية agdiya breakfast; lunch

غداة gadāh pl. غدوات gadawāt early morning; الغداة al-gadāta this morning

غدوة gudwa pl. غدى gudan early morning

غدوة gadwa pl. gadawat lunch; morning errand; غدواته وروحاته (rauḥātuhū) all his goings, his coming and going

مغدى magdan place to which one goes in the morning | مغدى ومراح (wa-marāḥ) an ever frequented place, an aspired goal

غد gadda i (gadd) to fester, suppurate (wound) IV do.; to hasten, speed, make forced marches | اغد (في) السير (sair) to ran fast, hasten, hurry, speed

غذا (غذو ) gadā u (gadw) to feed (ه ب s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (ه ب s.o. with) II to feed (ب ه s.o. s.th.), nourish, nurture (ب ه s.o. with); to provide, supply, furnish, sustain (ب هـ, ه s.o. s.th. with), feed, charge, replenish (ب هـ s.th. with) V to be fed (ب s.th.), be nourished, be nurtured (ب with); to feed, live (ب on); to be supplied, be provided, be furnished, be fed (ب with, e.g., with electric power) VIII to be fed, be nourished, be nurtured

غذو gadw feeding, nourishment, alimentation, nutrition, nurture

غذاء gidā’ pl. اغذية agdiya nourishment, nutriment, nutrition, nurture, food; pl. foodstuffs, victuals, food

غذائي gidā’ī alimental, alimentary, nutritional, nutritious, nutritive | مواد غذائية (mawādd) foodstuffs, victuals, food, nutritive substances

تغذية tagdiya feeding (also techn.), nourishment, alimentation, nutrition, provisioning, supply, input, charging (e.g., of an electric battery)

غر garra u (غرور gurūr) to mislead, deceive, beguile (ب s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, blind (ه s.o.) II to deceive, beguile (ب s.o.); to delude, gull, dazzle, blind (ب s.o.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (ب s.o.); to expose to danger, endanger, imperil (ب s.o., s.th.), risk, jeopardize, hazard (ب s.th.) | غرر بنفسه to expose o.s. to danger, risk one’s life VIII to be dazzled, blinded, fooled, deluded, misled, let o.s. be deceived (ب by), be mistaken (ب in, about); to be or become overweening or conceited X to come unexpectedly (ه to s.o.), surprise (ه s.o.)

غر garr (cutting) edge of a sword

غر girr pl. اغرار agrār inexperienced, gullible, new, green; a greenhorn; inattentive, inadvertent, heedless

غرة gurra pl. غرر gurar white spot on a horse’s face, blaze; the best, the finest, the prime (of s.th.); highlight | غرة الشهر g. aš-šahr the first day of the month; في غرة العام at the beginning of the year

غرة garra inadvertency, heedlessness, inattentiveness, inattention; unguarded moment, moment of inadvertence | على غرة or على حين غرة (ḥīni g.) unexpectedly, unawares, inadvertently, surprisingly; اخذ على (حين) غرة (ukida) to be surprised, be taken by surprise, be caught unawares

غرر garar risk, hazard, jeopardy, danger, peril

غرور gurūr deception; delusion, illusion;: conceit, overweeningness, snobbery, vanities, trifles, banalities; danger, peril | الغرور بنفسه self-deception, self-delusion

غرور garūr deceptive, delusive, fallacious, illusory

غرير garīr deceived, misled, tempted; (pl. also اغراء agirra, اغرة agirra) inexperienced, naive, ingenuous, gullible

غرار girār (cutting) edge of a sword; غرارا girāran in a hurry, hastily | على غرار in a hurry, hastily; على (من) غرار like …, similar to …, in the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...; على هذا الغرار in this manner; على غرار واحد after one pattern, in the same manner, likewise, alike

غرار garrār deceptive, delusive, fallacious

غرارة garāra inconsiderateness, thoughtlessness, beedlessness | على غرارة in the manner of ..., after the pattern of ...

غرارة girāra pl. غرائر garā’ir2 sack (for straw or grain)

اغر agar2, f. غراء garrā’2, pl. غر gurr having a blaze (horse); beautiful, handsome; magnanimous, generous; noble; esteemed, honorable (esp. as a complimentary epithet following the name of a newspaper) | اغر محجل (muḥajjal) unique, singular

مغرور magrūr deceived, fooled, misled, tempted; deluded, dazzled, blind; vain, conceited, overweening, snobbish

غرام grām pl. -āt gram(me)

غرب garaba u (garb) to go away, depart, absent o.s., withdraw (عن from), leave (عن s.o., s.th.); -- garaba u (غروب gurūb) to set (sun, etc.); -- garuba u (غرابة garāba) to be a stranger; to be strange, odd, queer, obscure, abstruse, difficult to comprehend | لا يغرب عنك ان you will not have failed to notice that ..., you are, no doubt, aware (of the fact) that ..., you know very well that … II to go away, leave, depart, absent o.s.; to go westward; to expel from the homeland, banish, exile, expatriate (ه s.o.) | غرب وشرق (wa-šarraqa) to get around in the world, see the world IV to say or do a strange or amazing thing; to exceed the proper bounds (في in), overdo, exaggerate (في s.th.) | اغرب في الضحك (ḍaḥik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw V to go to a foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away from one’s homeland; to become an occidental, become Westernized, be Europeanized; to emigrate o.s., to the Western way of life VIII to go to a foreign country, emigrate; to be (far) away from one’s homeland X to find (هـ s.th.) strange, odd, queer, unusual; to deem (هـ s.th.) absurd, preposterous, grotesque; to disapprove (هـ of s.th.); to become an occidental, Westernized, be Europeanized; to assimilate o.s. to the Western way of life | استغرب في الضحك (ḍaḥik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw

غرب garb west; occident; vehemence, violence, impetuosity, tempestuousness; الغرب the West, the Occident; غربا garban Westward, toward the West | فل غربه falla garbahū to subdue s.o., put a damper on s.o.; غربا بجنوب garban bi-janūbin southwestward, toward the southwest

غربي garbī western, westerly; occidental, Western; European; an Occidental, a Westerner; الغربيون al-garbīyūn the Western Church (Chr.)

غربة gurba absence from the homeland; separation from one’s native country, banishment, exile; life, or place, away from home

غراب gurāb pl. غربان (girbān, اغرب agrub, اغربة agriba crow; raven; -- occiput; blade (esp. of a hatchet)

غريب garīb pl. غرباء gurabā’2 strange, foreign, alien, extraneous (على or عن to s.o.); strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious, remarkable, peculiar; amazing, astonishing, baffling, startling, wondrous, marvelous; grotesque; difficult to understand, abstruse, obscure (language); remote, outlandish, rare, uncommon (word); (pl. also اغرب agrab) stranger, foreigner, alien; pl. اغراب those living abroad, those away from home, emigrés | غريب الأطوار whimsical, capricious, eccentric, cranky; مادة غريبة (mādda) foreign body, extraneous substance

غريبة garība pl. غرائب garā’ib2 peculiarity; a strange, striking thing, oddity, curiosity, marvel, prodigy, wonder

غروب gurūb setting (of the sun of a star)

غرابة garāba strangeness, curiousness; oddness, queerness, singularity, peculiarity

اغرب agrab2 stranger, more alien; odder, queerer, more unusual

مغرب magrib pl. مغارب magārib2 place or time of sunset; west, occident; (f.) prayer at sunset (Isl. Law); المغرب Maghrib, northwest Africa | مغرب الشمس m. aš-šams time of sunset, sunset; بلاد المغرب Maghrib, northwest Africa; وشارق الأرض ومغربها (m. al-arḍ) the entire world; المشرقان والمغربان al-mašriqān wa-l-m do.; في المغربين والمشرقين all over the world, throughout the world

مغربي magribī North African, Maghribi; (pl. مغاربة magāriba) a North African, a Maghribi

مغربة look up alphabetically

تغريب tagrīb banishment, expatriation

تغرب tagarrub separation from one’s native country; emigration; Europeanism, Occidentalism, Westernism

اغتراب igtirāb separation from one’s native country; emigration; Europeanism, Occidentalism, Westernism

استغراب istigrāb wonder, surprise, astonishment, amazement, perplexity

غارب gārib pl. غوارب gawārib2 withers (of the camel, of the horse); pl. wave crests | ترك (القى) حبله على غاربه (alqā ḥablahū) to give free rein to s.o. or to s.th.

مغرب mugarrab expatriated, exiled, banished; expatriate, exile

مغترب muglarib stranger, foreigner, alien; living away from home

مستغرب mustagrib Europeanized, Westernized

مستغرب mustagrab strange, odd, queer, quaint, unusual, extraordinary, curious, peculiar

غربل garbala (غربل garbala) to sieve, sift, riddle (هـ s.th.)

غربال girbill pl. .kI priل bll' sieve

غرابلي garābilī pl. -ūn, غرابلية garābilīya sieve maker, sieve merchant

غرد garida a (garad) to sing, twitter (bird), warble II and V = I

غرد garad singing, song, twitter(ing), warbling (of a bird)

غرد gurd pl. غرود gurūd dune, shifting dune

غريد girrīd singing, twittering, warbling (bird)

اغرودة ugrūda pl. اغاريد agārid2 twittering, warbling, song (of birds)

تغريد tagrīd singing, song, twitter(ing), warbling

مغرد mugarrid singing, twittering, warbling (bird) | طائر مغرد songbird

غرز garaza i (garz) to prick (ب هـ s.th. with, e.g., with a needle); to thrush, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (في هـ s.th. into); to plant, implant (ل هـ s.th. in) II to throat, plunge, insert, stick, stab, ram, push, bore (في هـ s.th. into) IV = II; V to penetrate deeply (في into), pierce (في s.th.); to be inserted, be stuck (في into) VII to bore, penetrate (في into), pierce (في s.th.); to sink (في into) VIII to penetrate deeply (في into), pierce (في s.th.); to be inserted, be stuck (في into) | اغترز السير (saira) (he put his foot in the stirrup, ready to depart=) his departure was imminent

غرز garz leather stirrup

غرزة gurza pl. غرز guraz stitch

غريزة garīza pl. غرائز garā’iz2 nature, natural disposition; natural impulse, instinct

غريزي garīzī natural, native, innate, inborn; instinctive

مغرز magraz pl. مغارز magāriz2 (eg.) prank, practical joke

غرس garasa i (gars) to plant, implant (في هـ s.th. in); to place, put, set, infix, interpose, interpolate, insert (في هـ s.th. into) IV to plant, implant (هـ s.th.) VII to be planted, be implanted; to sink in

غرس gars planted; (pl. اغراس agrās, غراس girās) plant, layer, cion, nursery plant, seedling

غرس girs pl. اغراس agrās plant, layer, cion, nursery plant, seedling

غرسة girsa plant

غراس girās plant; planting time

غراسة girāsa cultivation, growing, raising | غراسة الزيتون (الزياتين ) g. az-zaitūn olive growing; غراسة العنب g. al-‘inab wine growing; viticulture

غريسة garīsa pl. غرائس garā’is2 غراس girās nursery plant, layer, cion, seedling

مغرس magris pl. مغارس magāris2 place where s.th. is infixed, interposed or inserted; nursery, plantation, bed

مغارسة mugārasa pl. -āt a contract for the lease of an orchard providing that the lessee, who undertakes to cultivate the orchard, will become owner of one half of it after the orchard has yielded profit (Tun.)

مغارسى mugārisī pl. -ūn one who concludes a mugārasa (q.v.) (Tun.)

غرش girš, gurš pl. غروش gurūš piaster | غرش صاغ standard piaster

غرض IV اغرض الغرض (garaḍa) to attain the goal V to take sides, be partial, have a predilection, have a bias (ل for)

غرض garaḍ pl. اغراض agrāḍ target, aim, goal, objective, object; intention, design, purpose; object of desire; (personal, selfish) interest; inclination, tendency, propensity; bias, prejudice; pl. اغراض (syr.) articles of everyday use, things, objects, stuff, odds and ends

غرضي garaḍī tendeney- (in compounds), marked by directional, or purposive, presentation

غريض garīḍ pl. اغاريض agārīḍ2 fresh, tender

تغرض tagarruḍ prejudice, bias; tendentious attitude

مغرض mugriḍ partial, biased, tendentious; -- (pl. -ūn) partial person; biased person; person guided by personal interests

غرغر gargara (غرغرة gargara) to gargle; to gurgle; to simmer, bubble (pot) II tagargara to gargle; to gurgle | تغرغرت عينه بالدمع (‘ainuhū bi-d-dam‘) his eyes were bathed in tears

غرغر girgir (coll.; n. un. ة ) guinea fowl

غرغرة gargara gargling, gargle, gurgle

غرف garafa i u (garf) to ladle, spoon, scoop (هـ s.th.); to ladle (هـ food) from a cooking pot, and the like, (into a howl) for serving; to serve (هـ a meal) VIII to ladle, scoop (من هـ s.th. from or out of)

غرفة gurfa pl. غراف girāf the amount of water scooped up with one hand; handful; -- (pl. -āt, غرف guraf) upstairs room, room on an upper floor; room; chamber (= room; as a public body of administration, etc.); cabinet; compartment, ward | غرفة g. al-akl dining room; غرفة التجارية or الغرفة التجاري chamber of commerce; غرفة السفرة g. as-sufra dining room; غرفة القيادة bridge (naut.); غرفة النوم g. an-naum bedroom

غراف garraf pl. غراريف garārīf2 (syr.) a water wheel turned by oxen or horses and used for raising irrigation water from a river onto the fields

مغرفة migrafa pl. مغارف magārif2 large spoon, ladle, scoop

غرق gariqa a (garaq) to plunge, dive, become immersed, immerge, become submersed, submerge, sink, founder (في in); to go under, be drowned (في in); to be immersed, be engrossed, be absorbed (في in); to be wholly engaged, be loot (في in), be completely taken up (في with) II to plunge, dip, immerse, submerse (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to sink, founder (هـ s.th.), drown (هـ , s.o., s.th.); to inundate, flood (هـ s.th.; السوق the market ب with) IV = II; to exceed the proper bound! (في in); to exaggerate, overdo (في s.th.); to be excessive (في in s.th.), carry (في s.th.) to excess | اغرق في الضحك (ḍaḥik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw V to be sunk, be foundered X to sink (في into sleep, and the like), be immersed (في in); to absorb, engross, engage wholly, claim completely, fill, take up, occupy (هـ , s.o., s.th.); to take, last (هـ a certain time) | استغرق في الضحك (ḍahik) to laugh noisily or heartily, guffaw XII اغرورقت عيناه بالدموع (igrauraqat ‘aināhū) his eyes were bathed in tears

غريق gariq pl. غرقى garqā drowned; a drowned person; immersed, engrossed, absorbed (في in)

غرقان garqan drowned

تغريق tagrīq drowning; sinking, foundering, scuttling (of a ship); inundation, flooding

اغراق igrāq drowning; sinking, foundering, scuttling (of a ship); inundation, flooding; exaggeration; excessiveness, exorbitance, immoderation, extravagance; hyperbole (rhet.)

غارق gāriq sunk, drowned; immersed, engrossed, absorbed (في in) | غارق في الدهشة (dahša) completely taken aback, deeply shocked, utterly dismayed

مغرق mugraq immersed, engrossed, absorbed (في in)

مستغرق mustagriq immersed, engrossed, absorbed (في in)

غرلة gurla pl. غرل gural foreskin, prepuce

غرم garima a (gurm, غرامة garāma, مغرم magram) to pay (هـ a fine, and the like); to suffer loss II to fine (هـ s.o.), impose a fine (ه on s.o.) IV = II; pass, ugrima to be very fond, be enamored (ب of), be in love, be infatuated (ب with) V to be fined, be mulcted

غرم gurm damage, loss

غرام garām infatuation (ب with), love (ب of), passion, ardent desire (ب for); penalty, mulct, fine; see also alphabetically

غرامي garāmī passionate, impassioned, erotic, amorous, amatory, love (used attributively); غراميات garāmīyāt amours, romances, love affairs, amorous adventures | رسالة غرامية love letter

غريم garīm pl. غرماء guramā’2 debtor; creditor; opponent, adversary, antagonist, rival; insulter

غريمة garīma woman opponent, female antagonist, rival

غرامة garāma pl. -āt fine, mulct; indemnity, compensation, damages; reparation, amends, penalty

مغرم magram pl. مغارم magārim2 damage, loss; debt; liability, financial obligation; fine

مغرم mugram enamored, (ب of), in love, infatuated (ب with)

غرين garīn (alluvial) mud

غرناطة garnāṭa2 Granada (city in S Spain)

غرنوق gurnūq pl. غرانيق garānīq2 crane (zool.)

غرنيق girnīq pl. غرانيق garānīq2 crane (zool.)

غرا (غرو ) garā u (gurw) to glue, fix with glue (هـ s.th.) II = I; IV to make (ه s.o.) covetous (ب for), prod, spur on, goad, egg on, incite, induce, instigate, abet, urge, impel (ب ه s.o. to do s.th.); to entice, allure, tempt, seduce (ب ه s.o. to); to set (ب ه s.o. on), sick (ب هـ a dog, etc., on game); to bring about, cause, produce, provoke (هـ s.th.); pass. ugriya to desire ardently, love (ب s.th.), be attached (ب to s.th.) | اغري العداوة بين (‘adāwata) to cause or excite enmity among …

لا غرو lā garwa no wonder! it is small wonder

غرا garan glue

غراء girā’ glue

غرائي girā’ī gluey, glutinous

غروى girawī gluey, glutinous, sticky, ropy, vicious; colloidal (chem.)

لا غروى garwā no wonder! it is small wonder

غراية garrāya pl. -āt (eg.) glue pot

مغراة migrāh glue pot

اغراء igrā’ incitement, instigation, inducement, spur, goad, impetus; incentive, stimulus; enticement, allurement, temptation, seduction

مغر mugrin enticing, alluring, tempting; inciter, instigator, abettor; tempter, seducer

مغريات mugriyāt lures, temptations

1 غز IV to he thorny, prickly; to prick

2 غز gazza2 Gaza (seaport in S Palestine)

غزي gazzī gauze

1 غزر gazara u (gazr, غزارة gazāra) to be plentiful, copious, abundant

غزر gazr abundance, copiousness, profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish supply

غزير gazīr pl. غزار gizār much, plentiful, copious, abundant, ample; densely growing, luxuriantly growing; rich (بغز in) | غزير المادة g. al-mādda well-informed, learned, well-read; غزير المواد g. al-mawādd offering a wealth of information (book)

غزارة gazāra abundance, copiousness, profusion, plenty, large quantity, lavish supply

2 غزارى gazārī a variety of pigeon

غزل gazala i (gazl) to spin (هـ s.th.); -- gazila a (gazal) to display amorous behavior (ب toward a woman), make love (ب to a woman), court, woo (ب a woman), flirt (ب with a woman); to eulogize in verses (ب a woman) III to speak words of love, make love (ها to a woman), court, woo (ها a woman), flirt, dally, philander (ها with a woman) V to court, woo (ب a woman), make love (ب to a woman), flirt, dally (ب with a woman), make eyes (ب at a woman); to celebrate in love poems (ب a woman, also في s.o.); to extol, laud, eulogize (ب s.th.) VI to flirt (with one another) VIII to spin (هـ s.th.)

غزل gazl spinning; (pl. غرول guzūl) spun thread, yarn | مصنع الغرل maṣna‘ al-g. spinning mill

غزل gazal flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying; love; words of love, cooing of lovers; love poetry, erotic poetry

غزلي gazalī amorous, amatory, erotic, love (used attributively)

غزال gazāl pl. غرلة gizla, غرلان gizlān gazelle

غزال gazzāl spinner (of yarn)

غزالة gazāla female gazelle, doe; (rising) sun, disk of the sun; pommel of the camel saddle

غزالة gazzāla spider

مغزل magzil pl. مغازل magāzil2 spinning mill

مغزل migzal, mugzal pl. مغازل magāzil2 spindle | ابو مغازل abū m. (eg.) stork

مغازلة mugāzala pl. -āt flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying

تغزل tagazzul flirt, flirtation, dalliance, dallying

غزا (غزو ) gazā u (gazw) to strive (هـ for), aspire (هـ to); to mean, intend (هـ s.th.); -- gazā u (gazw, غزوان gazawān) to carry out a military expedition, make a raid, foray, or incursion, commit aggression (هـ, ه against s.o., against s.th.), attack, assault (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), raid, invade (هـ s.th.); to conquer (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to overcome (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) | غزا السوق (sūq) to flood the market (com.)

غزو gazw assault, raid, incursion, inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; conquest

غزوة gazwa pl. gazawāt military expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; conquest; campaign of conquest

غزاوة gazāh pl. غزوات gazawāt military expedition, foray; raid, incursion, inroad, invasion, attack, aggression; conquest; campaign of conquest

مغزى magzan pl. مغاز magāzin sense, meaning, signification, import; moral (of a story); motto; importance, significance, moment, consequence | مغزى دقيق subtle meaning; ذو مغزى dū m. significant

مغزاة magzāh pl. مغاز magāzin military expedition, foray, raid; المغازى the military campaigns of the Prophet

غاز gāzin pl. غزاة guzāh one who carries out a military expedition or a foray; raider, invader, aggressor, conqueror; الغازى al-gāzī the war lord, warrior champion, ghazi

غازية gāziya pl. غواز gawāzin woman dancer, danseuse

غس guss (sing. and pl.) worthless

غسق gasaq dusk, twilight before nightfall; dark of night

غسل gasala i (gasl) to wash (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with), launder (ب ه s.th. with); to cleanse, clean (هـ s.th., e.g., the teeth); to purge, cleanse, clear, wash (هـ s.th., من of); to wash (هـ against s.th.) II to wash thoroughly (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VIII to wash (o.s.); to take a bath, bathe; to perform the major ritual ablution (i.e., a washing of the whole body; (Isl. Law)

غسل gusl pl. اغسال agsāl washing, ablution; the major ritual ablution, i.e., a washing of the whole body (Isl. Law); wash water

غسل gasl wash water

غسلة gasla pl. gasalāt (n. vic.) a wash, an ablution

غسيل gasīl washed; (dirty or washed) clothes, washing

غسول gasūl wash water; washing agent, detergent

غاسول gāsūl soap; lye

غسال gassāl washer, washerman, laundryman

غسل gassāla pl. -āt washerwoman, laundress; washing machine

غسالة gusāla dirty wash water, slops

مغسل magsil, magsala pl. مغاسل magāsil2 washing facility, washroom, lavatory; washhouse

مغسل migsal washbasin; washbowl, washdish, washtub

مغسلة magsala pl. مغاسل magāsil2 washstand

مغتسل mugtasal washroom, lavatory

غش gašša u (gašš) to act dishonestly (ه toward s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead, cheat, gull, dupe (ه s.o.); to debase, vitiate, adulterate (ه s.th., esp. food-stuffs) II to act dishonestly (ه toward s.o.); to deceive, fool, mislead, cheat, gull, dupe (ه s.o.) VII and VIII to be deceived, be fooled, be cheated, be duped; to let o.s. be deceived X to regard (ه s.o.) as dishonest or as a fraud; to suspect (ه s.o.) of fraud or deception

غش gašš adulteration, corruption, debasement; fraud, deceit

غش gišš faithlessness disloyalty, perfidy; deception, deceit; fraud, imposture, swindle

غشاش gašāš fraud, cheat, swindler, impostor; deceptive, delusive, false

مغشوش magšūš deceived, fooled, cheated, duped; adulterated, corrupted, debased

غشم gašama i (gašm) to treat unjustly or tyrannically, to wrong, oppress (ه s.o.); to act unjustly or tyrannically (ه toward s.o.); to act thoughtlessly, haphazardly (هـ in s.th.) VI to feign ignorance or inexperience X to regard (ه s.o.) as dumb, stupid, ignorant, or inexperienced ه

غشم gašm oppression, repression, ill-treatment

غشوم gašūm unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant | القوة الغشوم brute force

غشيم gašīm pl. غشماء gušamā’ inexperienced, ignorant, foolish, dumb, stupid; new (at an office), green, a greenhorn; new, boorish, uneducated; unskilled, untrained, clumsy, awkward, gauche; raw, crude, unprocessed, unworked

غشومة gušūma inexperience, foolishness

غاشم gāšim unjust, unfair, iniquitous, tyrannical; oppressor, tyrant; scum, dross | قوة غاشمة (qūwa) brute force

(غشو and غشي) غشا gašā u (gašw) to come (ه to s.o.; هـ to a place); -- غشي gašiya a (غشاوة gašāwa) to cover, wrap up, envelop, conceal, veil (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to come, descend (ه upon s.o.), overcome, overwhelm (ه s.o.); to be dark (night); -- gašiya a (غشيان gašayān, gišyān) to come (to s.o.; هـ to place); to go to see, visit (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), call (ه on s.o.); to sleep (ها with a woman); to cover (ها the female animal); to commit, perpetrate (هـ e.g., an outrage); to yield, give in (هـ to a craving); -- pass. غشي عليه (gušiya) (غشي gašy, gušy) to lose consciousness, faint, swoon II to cover, wrap up, envelop, veil (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to spread a cover or wrap (هـ, ه over s.o., over s.th.); to overlay, coat, plate (هـ s.th.) IV to be dark (night); to spread a cover or wrap (هـ, ه over) V to cover o.s. (ب with), wrap o.s. (ب in) X استغشي ثيابه (tiyābahū) to hide one’s head in one’s clothes so as not to see or hear

غشي gašy, gušy unconsciousness, fainting, swoon(ing)

غشية gašya fainting spell, swoon, faint

غشوة gašwa veil, wrap, cover, covering

غشاء gišā’ pl. اغشية agšiya cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping, envelope; coating, coat, plating; integument; film, pellicle; membrane; valve | الغشاء الأنقى (anfī) nasal mucosa; غشاء البكارة g. al-bakāra hymen, virginal membrane; الغشاء المخاطئ (mukāṭi’) mucous membrane, mucosa

غشائي gišā’ī: الخناق الغشائي (kunāq) diphtheria (med.)

غشاوة gišāwa, gišāwa veil, wrap, cover, covering

غشيان gašayān, gišyān unconsciousness, faint(ing), swoon(ing)

مغشى magšan place at which one arrives, object of a visit

غاشية gāšiya pl. غواش gawāšin pericardium; misfortune, calamity, disaster; faint, swoon; insensibility, stupor; servants, attendants, retinue, suite

غص gaṣṣ (1st peril. perf. gaṣiṣtu) a (غصص ) to be choked; to choke (ب on, esp. on some food); to be overcrowded, congested, jammed, packed, crammed (ب with) | غص بهم المكان (makānu) the place was overcrowded IV to choke (ه s.o.) VIII to be overcrowded, congested, jammed, packed, crammed

غصة guṣṣa pl. -āt, غص guṣaṣ that which causal choking, a lump in the throat; mortal distress, torment, agony, ordeal, choking sound, suppressed moan | غصة الموت g. al-maut agony of death

غاص gāṣṣ replete, crowded, jammed, packed, crammed (ب with)

غصب gaṣaba i (gaṣb) to take away by force or illegally, extort (هـ s.th., ه, من, على from s.o.), rob (هـ s.th.; هـ ه or من or على s.o. of s.th.), seize unlawfully, usurp (هـ s.th.), take illegal possession (هـ of s.th.); to force, compel, coerce (ه s.o., على to); to abduct, carry off (ها a woman); to rape, ravish, violate (ها a woman); to conquer, subdue (على s.o.) VIII = I | اغتصب ابواب البلاد to force one’s entry into a country

غصب igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure, extortion; usurpation, unlawful arbitrariness (Isl. Law); force, compulsion, coercion, constraint | غصبا gaṣban and بالغصب forcibly, by force; غصبا عنه against his will, in defiance of him

اغتصاب igtiṣāb forcible, illegal seizure, extortion, robbery, illegal appropriation, usurpation; ravishment, violation, rape (of a woman); force, compulsion, coercion, constraint

غاصب gāṣib pl. -ūn, guṣṣāb usurper

مغصوب magṣūb acquired by unlawful arbitrariness, extorted, usurped; forced, compelled, coerced, constrained

مغتصب mugtaṣib violent, outrageous, brutal; usurper

غصن II and IV to put forth branches, to branch (tree)

غصن guṣn pl. غصون guṣūn, اغصان agṣān twig, bough, limb, branch

غصنة guṣna twig, shoot, cion, sprout

غض gaḍḍa (1st peril. perf. qaḍaḍtu) i and (1st peril. perf. qaḍiḍtu) a (غضوضة guḍūda, غضاضة gaḍāda) to be or become fresh, succulent, tender (esp. a plant); -- gaḍḍa u (gaḍḍ, غضاضة gaḍāḍa) to cast down, lower (من or هـ one’s eyes, one’s glance, out of modesty, and the like), to lower, lessen, diminish (من the value, the prestige of s.o. or s.th.), detract, derogate (من from s.o., from s.th.) | غض طرفه (ṭarfahū) to lower one’s eyes; غض الطرف (النظر) عنه (naẓara) to overlook, let pass, disregard s.th., pass over s.th., wink at s.th., pay no attention to s.th., have no objection to s.th.

غض gaḍḍ aversion (of the glance) | غض النظر (الطرف) عنه g. an-naẓar (aṭ-ṭart) overlooking of s.th.; disregarding of s.th.; بغض النظر عن aside from ..., not to speak of ..., let alone ..., regardless of …, irrespective of ..., notwithstanding …

غض gaḍḍ fresh, succulent, juicy, tender; lush, luxuriant (plant)

غضة guḍḍa shortcoming, deficiency, fault, defect

غضيض gaḍīḍ fresh, succulent, juicy, tender

غضاضة gaḍāḍa freshness, succulence, juiciness, tenderness; shortcoming, deficiency, fault, defect; blot, stain, disgrace, shame | ما وجد غضاضة في to take no offence at …, have no objection to …

غضوضة gudūḍa freshness, succulence, juiciness, tenderness

غضب gaḍiba a (gaḍab) to be or become angry, cross, mad, vexed, irritated, exasperated, furious, to fret (من or على at s.th., with s.o.); to stand up (ل for), defend (ل s.th.) III to be cross, be on bad terms (ه with s.o.) IV to annoy, exasperate, anger, make angry, enrage, infuriate (ه s.o.); to vex, irrigate, gall, provoke (ه s.o.) V = I

غضب gaḍab wrath, rage, fury; anger, exasperation, indignation; غضبا ل (gaḍaban) for the protection of

غضب gaḍib wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated, enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled

غضبة gaḍba fit of rage, angry outburst, tantrum

غضوب gaḍūb irascible, choleric, irritable

غضباني gudābī irascible, choleric, irritable; sullen, morose

غضبان gaḍbān2, f. غضبى gaḍbā, pl. غضاب giḍāb, غضابى gaḍabā, guḍabā wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated, enraged

اغضاب igdāb exasperation, infuriation; vexation, irritation, annoying; provocation

غاضب gāḍib wrathful, angry, exasperated, irate, furious, infuriated, enraged; vexed, annoyed, irritated, galled

مغضوب magḍūb: مغضوب عليه object of anger

غضر gaḍara i (gadr) to turn away (عن from); to turn (على against s.o. or to s.o.); -- gaḍira a (gaḍar) to be or become rich, abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant

غضر gaḍir abundant, lavish, opulent, lush, luxuriant

غضير gaḍīr fresh, green (plant)

غضارة gaḍāra freshness; affluence, prosperity, opulence

غضروف guḍrūf pl. غضاريف gaḍārīf cartilage, gristle

غضن II to wrinkle, pucker, shrivel, fold, crease (هـ s.th.) III to wink amorously (ها at a woman) V to wrinkle, shrivel, form, creases or corrugations; to be or become wrinkled, creased, folded, corrugated

غضن gaḍn, gaḍan pl. غضون guḍūn wrinkle, fold, crease, corrugation; (only sg.) trouble, toil, labor, hardship, difficulty | في غضون in the course of, during, within; في غضون meanwhile, in the meantime

غضنفر gaḍanfar lion

(غضو ) IV to close one’s eyes (also with عينيه ‘ainahū); to overlook, disregard, avoid seeing, condone (عن, هـ s.th.), let (عن, هـ s.th.) pass, shut one’s eyes (عن, هـ to s.th.), take no notice (عن, هـ of s.th.); to be lenient (عن with), have indulgence, show forbearance (عن for), wink, connive (عن at) VI to pretend not to notice; to disregard (عن s.th.); تغاضى عنه = اغضى عنه

(غضى) غضا: على احر من جمر الغضى (aḥarra, jamri l-g.) lit: in a hotter spot than the live embers of gaḍā (i.e. a variety of euphorbia), i.e. on pins and needles, in an unbearable situation

اغضاء igḍā’ overlooking, connivance, condonation, disregard; indulgence, forbearance

تغاض tagāḍin overlooking, connivance, condonation, disregard; indulgence, forbearance

غط gaṭṭa u (gaṭṭ) to immerse, dip, plunge (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. in); -- gaṭṭa i (غطيط gaṭīṭ) to snore IV to immerse, dip, plunge (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. in) VII to be immersed, be dipped, be plunged (في in)

غطيط gaṭīṭ snoring, snore

غطيطة guṭaiṭa fog, mist

غطرة guṭra designation of the kūfīya, or headcloth worn under the ‘iqāl, in Nejd and Bahrein

غطرس gaṭrasa to be haughty, arrogant, supercilious, overbearing, snobbish, conceited, overweening. self-important II tagaṭrasa do. | تغطرس في مشيته (mišyatihī) to display a haughty bearing, swagger, strut

غطرسة gaṭrasa haughtiness, superciliousness, arrogance, insolence, impudence, snobbishness, conceitedness, self-importance

غطريس giṭrīs pl. غطاريس gaṭārīs2 haughty, supercilious, arrogant, overbearing, snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-important

متغطرس mutagaṭris haughty, supercilious, arrogant, overbearing, snobbish, conceited, overweening, self-important

غطريف giṭrīf pl. غطاريف gaṭārīf2, غطارف gaṭārif2, غطارفة gaṭārifa potentate; a noble, great, famous man

غطس gaṭasa i (gaṭs) to dip, plunge, immerse, submerse (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. into water); to dive, plunge, become immersed, sink, submerge (في in water) II to dip, plunge, immerse, submerse (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. into water); (Chr.) to baptize (ه s.o.) V to dive; to bathe (في in)

غطس gaṭs dipping, plunging, immersion; diving; sinking (trans. and intr.); submersion

غطاس giṭās baptism (Chr.); الغطاس Epiphany (Chr.)

غطاس gaṭṭās diver (man or bird)

مغطس magṭis (migṭas) pl. مغاطس magāṭis2 bathtub; plunge bath | عيد المغطس ‘īd al-m. Epiphany (Chr.)

تغطيس tagṭīs dipping, plunging, immersion; submersion; baptism (Chr.)

غاطس gāṭis draft (of a ship)

غطش gaṭaša i (gaṭš) to be or become dark (night); -- gaṭiša a (gaṭaš) to become dim (eye); to be dim-sighted V to be dim, dim-sighted (eye)

غطش gaṭaš dim-sightedness

غطم giṭamm huge, vast (ocean)

غطا (غطو ) gaṭā u (gaṭw) to cover, cover up (هـ s.th.) II to cover, wrap, envelop, conceal (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with); to slip (ب هـ over s.th. s.th. else), cover (ب هـ s.th. with); to cover (هـ s.th., e.g., expenses, the goal in sports); to outshine, eclipse, obscure (على s.o., s.th.); to drown (على s.th., of voices, etc.); to be stronger, be more decisive (على than) V to be covered, wrapped, enveloped, concealed (ب with. by); to cover o.s. (ب with), wrap o.s., veil o.s., conceal o.s. (ب in) VIII = V

غطاء giṭā’ pl. اغطية agṭiya cover, covering, integument, wrap, wrapper, wrapping, envelope; covering (= clothing); lid | غطاء الرأس headgear

تغطية tagṭiya cover(ing) (of expenses, of currency, of the goal in sports); cover of notes in circulation, backing of notes, note coverage

غف gaffa i (eg.) to take unawares; to grab, grasp, seize (على s.o.)

غفر gafara i (gafr, غفر magfira, غفران gufrān) to forgive (هـ ل s.o. s.th.), grant pardon (ل هـ to s.o. for s.th.), remit (هـ s.th.) | لا يغفر (yugfaru) unpardonable, irremissible, inexcusable VIII to forgive (هـ ل s.o. s.th.), grant pardon (هـ ل to s.o. for), remit (هـ s.th.) | لا يغتفر (yugtafaru) unpardonable, irremissible, inexcusable X to ask s.o.’s (ه ) pardon (ل or من or هـ for an offense), ask (ه s.o.) to forgive (ل or من or هـ an offense), apologize (ه to s.o., ل or من or هـ for) | استغفر الله I ask God’s forgiveness! a formular phrase used on various occasions, esp. when modestly declining compliments and amiabilities, approx.: please don’t (say so)! not at all!

غفر gafr pardon, forgiveness; غفرا gafran pardon me! I beg your pardon!

غفور gafūr readily inclined to pardon, much-forgiving (esp. of God)

غفار gaffār readily inclined to pardon, much-forgiving (esp. of God)

غفران gufrān pardon, forgiveness, remission | عيد صوم غفران ‘īd ṣaum al-g. or عيد الغفران Day of Atonement, Yom Kippur (Jud.)

مغفرة magfira pardon, forgiveness, remission

مغفور magfūr: المغفور له (he who has been forgiven), the deceased, the late ...

2 غفر II to guard (على s.o., s.th.), watch (على over s.o.) over s.th.)

غفرة gufra cover; lid

غفير gafīr numerous (crowd), abundant (quantity), large (number); (pl. غفراء gufarā’2) guard, sentinel; watchman | جم (جمع) غفير (jamm, jam‘) large number or quantity, large gathering of people

غفارة gifāra pl. غفائر gafā’ir2 kerchief for covering the bead, headcloth

غفارة gaffāra cope (Chr.)

مغفر migfar pl. مغافر magāfir2 helmet

غفقة gafqa light slumber

غفل gafala u (غفلة gafla, غفول gufūl) to neglect, not to heed, disregard, ignore (من s.th.), be forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (عن of), pay no attention (عن to) II to make (ه s.o.) negligent, careless, heedless, or inattentive III to use, or take advantage of, s.o.’s (ه ) negligence, inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness, or carelessness; to surprise, take by surprise, take unawares (ه s.o.) IV to neglect, not to heed, disregard, ignore (هـ s.th.), be forgetful, be heedless, be unmindful (هـ of s.th.), pay no attention (هـ to s.th.); to pass (هـ over s.th.), slight, leave out, omit, skip (هـ s.th.); to leave unspecified (هـ s.th.) V = III; VI to feign inattention, inadvertence, negligence, or carelessness; to pretend to be, or make as if, inattentive, inadvertent, negligent, or careless; to neglect, disregard, ignore, slight (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), pay no attention (عن to), be uninterested (عن in), be indifferent (عن to) X = III; to regard (ه s.o.) as stupid, as a fool; to make a fool of s.o. (ه ), pull s.o.’s (ه ) leg

غفل gufl careless, heedless, unmindful, inadvertent; undesignated, unmarked; without name, anonymous; not provided (من with), devoid (من of) | غفل من التاريخ undated, without date, bearing no date; غفل من الإمضاء (التوقيع ) (imḍā’) without signature, unsigned, anonymous; حديد غفل unprocessed iron, pig iron, crude iron

غفل gafal negligence, inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness, carelessness

غفلة gafla negligence, inadvertence, inattention, heedlessness, carelessness; indifference; foolishness; stupidity | موت الغفلة maut al-g. sudden death; على غفلة and على حين غفلة (ḥini g.) suddenly, all of a sudden, unawares, inadvertently, unexpectedly, surprisingly

غفلان gaflān(2) negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, inadvertent, inattentive; drowsy, sleepy

تغفيل tagfīl stultification

اغفال igfāl neglect, disregard, ignoring, nonobservance, slight(ing); omission, skipping

تغافل tagāful neglect

غافل gāfil pl. -ūn, غفول gufūl, غفل guffal negligent, neglectful, careless, heedless, inadvertent, unaware, inattentive

مغفل mugaffal apathetic, indifferent, inattentive; gullible, easily duped, a sucker; simple-minded, artless; simpleton

مغفل mugfal anonymous |شركة مغفلة (= Fr. société anonyme) joint-stock corporation

متغفل mutagaffil dunce, dolt, numskull

(غفو and غفى) غفا gafā u (gafw, gufūw) to slumber, doze, take a nap; to doze off, nod off, fall asleep; -- gafiya a (غفية gafya) do. IV do.

غفوة gafwa pl. -āt slumber, nap, doze, cat nap

اغفاءة igfā’a slumber, nap, doz., cat nap

غل galla u (gall) to insert, put, stick, enter (في هـ s.th. in(to) or between); to penetrate, enter (هـ s.th. or into s.th.); to apply an iron collar or manacles (ه on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (ه s.o.); to produce, yield, yield crops (land) | غل يده الى عنقه (yadahū, ‘unuqihī) (lit.: to fetter one’s hand to one’s neck, i.e.) not to spend or give away anything, be niggardly; -- galla i (gill) to be filled with hatred or rancor (breast); -- pass. gulla (gull, غلة gulla) to suffer violent thirst, burn with thirst II to apply an iron collar or manacles (ه on s.o.), handcuff, shackle, fetter (ه s.o.) IV to produce, yield, yield crops (land); to yield (هـ على to s.o. s.th.) V to enter, penetrate (في s.th. or into s.th.) VII = V X to rake in, gain, win, obtain, reap (هـ s.th.); to realize, or make, a profit (هـ on s.th.), receive the proceeds (هـ of s.th., esp. of land, and the like), turn to (good) account, invest profitably, utilize (هـ s.th.); to profit (ه by s.o., هـ by s.th.), derive advantage or profit (هـ, ه from), make capital (هـ out of s.th.), capitalize (هـ on s.th.); to take advantage (هـ, ه of), exploit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

غل gill rancor, hatred, spite, malice

غل gull burning thirst; (pl. اغلال aglāl) iron collar; manacles, handcuffs; pl. chains, shackles, fetters

غلة gulla burning thirst

غلة galla pl. -āt, غلال gilāl yield, produce, crops; proceeds, revenue, returns (esp. of farming); grain, cereals; corn; fruits

غليل galīl burning thirst; thirst for revenge; rancor, ill will; ardent desire; (pl. غلال gilāl) exhausted with thirst, very thirsty

غلالة galāla pl. غلائل galā’il2 a fine, diaphanous cape, mantilla, veil; shirtlike garment, gown | غلالة النوم g. an-naum nightshirt, nightgown

استغلال istiglāl utilization; development, working (of a mine, and the like), exploitation (of a mine; also = selfish utilization, sweating); usufruct; abuse

استغلالي istiglālī serving exploitation, exploitative

مغلول maglūl fettered, shackled; exhausted with thirst, very thirsty | مغلول اليد m. al-yad inactive, idle

مغل mugill productive, fruitful, fertile (land, soil)

مستغل mustagill exploiter, utilizer, usufructuary, beneficiary

مستغل mustagall pl. -āt that which yields crops, proceeds, or profit; yield, produce, proceeds; profit

غلب galaba i (galb, غلبة galaba) to subdue, conquer, vanquish, defeat, beat, lick (على or هـ, ه so., s.th.), get the better (على or هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.), be victorious, triumph, gain ascendancy, get the upperhand, achieve supremacy (على or هـ, ه over s.o., over s.th.); to master, surmount, overcome (على or هـ s.th.); to seize (على or هـ s.th.), take possession (على or هـ of s.th.), lay hold (على or هـ on s.th.); to overpower, overcome, overwhelm (على or ه s.o.); to snatch, wrench, wrest (على ه from s.o. s.th.), rob, plunder (على ه s.o. of s.th.); to prevail, (pre)dominate, be preponderant (على in s.th.); to be probable, be likely | غلب على الظن (ẓann) to be probable, be likely; تغلب عليه الصحة (الجدة ) (ṣiḥḥatu, jiddatu) (to be) fairly, almost correct or new; تغلب عليه الكآبة (ka‘ābatu) he is in low spirits most of the time, melancholy prevails in him; يغلب عليه الكرم (karamu) his predominant, or foremost, quality is generosity II to make (ه s.o.) get the upperhand (على over), make (هـ s.o.) triumph (على over); to put (على هـ s.th. above or before) III to try to defeat (ه s.o.); to fight, combat (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), struggle, wrestle (ه, هـ with; المصاعب with difficulties); to befall, overcome (ه s.o.; e.g., sleep) V to triumph, gain the mastery (على over), overcome, surmount, master (على s.th.), cope (على with), break (على a resistance); to outweigh (على s.th.) | تغلب عليه النعاس (nu‘āsu) he was overcome by drowsiness VI to wrestle with one another, struggle

غلب galab (act of) conquering, defeating, surmounting, overcoming

غلبة galaba victory; (eg.) idle talk, chatter, prattle

غلباوي galabāwī (eg.) garrulous, voluble, talkative; chatterbox, prattler, windbag

غلاب gallāb victorious, triumphant, conquering

اغلب aglab2 (elative, with def. article or foll. genit.) the greater portion, the majority, most (of) | في الأغلب in most cases; mostly, in general, generally; في الأغلب والأعم (wa-l-a‘amm) do.; في اغلب الظن (a. iẓ-ẓann) most likely, most probably, in all probability; اغلب امره aglaba amrihī and اغلب الأمر in most cases, mostly; most likely, most probably, in all probability

اغلبية aglabīya majority, greater portion | اغلبية خاصة (kāṣṣa) qualified majority; اغلبية مطلقة (muṭlaqa) absolute majority (pol.)

غلاب gilāf combat(ing), fight; struggle, strife, contest

مغالبة mugālaba combat(ing), fight; struggle, strife, contest

تغلب tagallub surmounting, overcoming, mastery (على of s.th.)

غالب gālib (pre)dominant; (with foll. genit. or suffix) most of, the greater portion of, the majority of; (pl. غلبة galaba) victor | غالبا gāliban and في الغالب mostly, in most cases, for the most part, largely; in general, generally; most likely, most probably; والغالب ان and the rule is that …, as a rule ...

غالبية gālibīya majority, greater portion

مغلوب maglūb defeated, vanquished; beaten; recessive (biol.) | مغلوب على امره (amrihī) helpless

مغلب mugallab defeated, overwhelmed, overcome

غلس galas darkness of night (esp. that preceding daybreak)

غلصمة galṣama pl. غلاصم galāṣim2 epiglottis

غلط galiṭa a (galaṭ) to make, or commit, a mistake, commit an error, err, be mistaken II to accuse (ه s.o.) of a mistake or error, put s.o. (ه ) in the wrong; to make (ه s.o.) commit a mistake or error III to seek to involve (ه s.o.) in errors or mistakes; to deceive, beguile, cheat, swindle (s.o.) IV to make (ه s.o.) commit a mistake or error VI to mislead one another, cheat one another

غلط galaṭ pl. اغلاط aglāṭ error, mistake, blunder; incorrect, wrong | غلط الحس g. al-ḥiss deception of the senses, illusion; في الامر غلط (amr) there is a but in the case, there is a hitch somewhere

غلطة galṭa pl. galaṭāt, اغلات aglāṭ error, mistake, blunder | غلطة مطبعية (maṭba‘īya) misprint, erratum

غلطان galṭān2 one who commits a mistake or error; mistaken, erring, wrong

اغلوطة uglūṭa pl. -āt, اغاليط agālīṭ captious question

مغلطة maglaṭa pl. مغالط magaliṭ captious question

مغالطة mugālaṭa pl. -āt cheating, deceit; swindle, fraud; falsification, distortion; fallacy, sophism

غلظ galuẓa u and galaẓa i (gilaẓ, غلظة gilẓa, غلاظة gilāẓa) to be or become thick, gross, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged; to become viscous, viscid, tough, sirupy (of a liquid, mush); to treat (على s.o.) harshly, ruthlessly II to make (هـ s.th.) thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude, rough, or rugged; to thicken, coarsen (ه s.th.) | غلظ اليمين to swear a sacred oath IV في القول or اغلظ له القول (qaula, fī l-qauli) to bark at s.o. rudely, use rude language toward s.o., speak rudely, impolitely with s.o. X to become thick, gross, big, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged; to find (ه s.th.) thick, coarse, crude, rude, rough, rugged

غلاظ gilāẓ thickness, grossness; coarseness, crudeness, roughness, ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness

غلظة gilẓa thickness, grossness; coarseness, crudeness, roughness, ruggedness; harshness, ruthlessness, rudeness, impoliteness, boorishness

غليظ galīẓ pl. غلاظ thick (e.g., curtain, fabric); fat and uncouth, hulking, burly, gross (person, body); viscous, viscid, sirupy (liquid); solid, stringy, tough (food); coarse, crude (fabric, words, person); rough, rugged (ground); harsh, callous, rude, churlish, inconsiderate, boorish; inviolable, sacred (alliance, oath) | غليظ الرقبة g. ar-raqaba stiff-necked, obdurate, obstinate, stubborn; المعى الغليظ (mi‘ā) the large intestine (anat.); يمين غليظة binding, sacred oath

غلاظة gilāẓi thickness grossness; coarser, ness, crudeness, roughness, ruggedness

اغلظ aglāẓ thicker, grosser; coarser, cruder, rougher; ruder, more impolite

مغلظ mugallaẓ: يمين مغلظة binding, sacred oath

غلغل galgala to penetrate (في s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (في s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge, become immersed, submerge (في in) II tagalgala to set in, descend, fall (night); to penetrate (في s.th. or into s.th.); to enter (في s.th. or into s.th.); to plunge, become immersed, submerge (في in); to be crammed (في into), be deeply embedded. b. ensconced (في in); to interfere, meddle

متغلغل mutagalgil deeply embedded (في in); extensive, widely extended, far-reaching (connections)

غلف II to put or wrap (هـ s.th.) in a cover, wrap, envelope, or case; to wrap, envelop (هـ s.th.); to cover (هـ ب s.th. with)

غلفة gulfa foreskin, prepuce

غلاف gilāf pl. غلف guluf cover, covering, wrapping, wrapper, wrapping, jacket (of a book); case, box; envelope

اغلف aglaf2, f. غلفاء galfā’2, pl. غلف gulf uncircumcised; rude, uncivilized

مغلف mugallaf uncircumcised; (pl. -āt) cover, covering, wrap, wrapper, wrapping, envelope (of a letter)

غلق galaqa i (galq) to close, shut (هـ s.th., a door); to look, bolt (هـ s.th., a door); galiqa a (galaq): غلق الرهن (rahnu) the pledge was forfeited as the pledger was unable to redeem it II to close shut (هـ s.th., a door); to lock, bolt (هـ s.th., a door) IV = II; to declare a pledge (رهنا rahnan) to be forfeited, foreclose (رهنا a mortgage); pass. ugliqa to be obscure, dark, ambiguous, dubious, incomprehensible (على to s.o.) VII to be closed, shut, looked, or bolted; to be incomprehensible, X to be obscure, dark, ambiguous, incomprehensible; to be difficult, intricate, complicated | استغلق عليه الكلام (kalamu) he was unable to speak, he was struck dumb, he was speechless

غلق galaq pl. اغلق aglāq lock, padlock

غلق galiq obscure, dark, ambiguous, dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend

غلاقة gilāqa unpaid balance

مغلاق miglāq pl. مغاليق magālīq2 look; padlock; breech (of a firearm); any closing or fastening mechanism, as, a latch, a catch, a clasp, a cap, a cover, a lid, a outoff, etc.

اغلاق iglāq closing, shutting, locking, bolting, shutting-off, barring; foreclosure (of a mortgage)

انغلاق ingilāq obscurity, abstruseness, incomprehensibility

مغلق maglaq closed, shut; locked, bolted; obscure, dark, ambiguous, dubious, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend

مستغلق mustagliq obscure, dark, cryptic, ambiguous, equivocal

غلم galima a (galam, غلم gulma) to be excited by lust, be seized by sensuous desire VIII = I

غلم galim excited by lu.t. seized by sensuous desire, wanton, lewd, lascivious, lustful; in heat, rutted

غلمة gulma lust, carnal appetite, sensuous desire; heat, rut

غلام gulām pl. غلمان gilmān, غلمة gilma boy, youth, lad; slave; servant, waiter

غلامية gulāmīya youth, youthfulness

غيلم gailam male tortoise

غلم gulūma youth, youthfulness

غلا (غلو ) galā u (gulūw) to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive, go too far (في in), overdo, exaggerate (في s.th.); -- galā u (غلاء galā2) to be high, be stiff (price); to become expensive, undergo a prise raise (merchandise); to be expensive, be high priced II to raise the price or s.th. (هـ ) III to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive, go too far (في in), overdo, exaggerate (في s.th.); to demand too high a price, charge too much (ب for); to put greet store (ب by s.th.), ascribe great value (ب to s.th.), rate highly (ب s.th.) IV = II; to declare (هـ s.th.) to be dear or precious, appreciate, value, prize, treasure, cherish (هـ s.th.); to laud, extol, praise highly (هـ s.th.) VI to exceed the proper bounds, be excessive, go too far (في in); to overdo, exaggerate (ب, في s.th.) X to find (هـ s.th.) expensive or costly

غلو gulūw exceeding of proper bounds, excess, extravagance; exaggeration

غلاء galā’2 high cost, high level of prices, rise in prices; high price

غلواء gulawā’2, gulwā’2 exceeding of proper bounds, excess, extravagance | خفف من غلوائه (kaffāfa) to dampen s.o.’s ardor, curb s.o.’s enthusiasm

اغلى aglā more expensive; more valuable, more costly

مغالاة mugālāh exceeding of proper bounds, excess, extravagance, exaggeration

اغلاء iglā’ laudation, extolment, high praise; admiration

غال gālin expensive, high priced; valuable, costly; dear, beloved; -- (pl. غلاة gulāh) adherent of an extreme sect; extremist, radical; fanatic adherent, fanatic

غلى galā i (galy, غليان galayān) to boil, bubble up; to ferment (alcoholic beverage) II to make (هـ s.th.) boil; to boil (هـ s.th.) IV = II

غلو galy boiling, ebullition

غلي galayān boiling, ebullition

غليون galyūn pl. غلايين galāyīn, water pipe, narghile, hubble-bubble; smoking pipe, tobacco pipe; see also below

غلاية gallāya pl. -āt boiler, kettle, caldron | آلة غلاية steam boiler

غالية gāliya a perfume made of muek and ambergris (Galia moschata)

مغلي maglīy broth; decoction (pharm.)

غليون galyūn pl. غلايين galāyīn2, غلاوين galāwīn2 galleon; see also غلى

غم gamma u (gamm) to cover, veil, conceal (هـ s.th.); to fill (ه s.o.) with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain, grieve, distress (ه s.o.); pass. gumma to be obscure, incomprehensible (على to s.o.) II to cover, veil, conceal (هـ s.th.) IV to be overcast (sky); to fill (ه s.o.) with sadness, pain, or grief, to pain, grieve, distress (ه s.o.) VII to be distressed, be worried, be sad, grieve, pine, worry VIII = VII

غم gamm pl. غموم gumūm grief, affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness, worry, anxiety

غمة gumma grief, affliction, sorrow, distress, sadness, anxiety

غمام gamām (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. غمائم gamā’im2 clouds | حب الغمام ḥabb al-g.

hail

غمامة gimāma pl. غمائم gamā’m2 blinder, blinker (for horses, etc.); muzzle (for animals)

اغم agamm2, f. غماء gammā’2 covered with dense hair, hairy, hirsute, shaggy; thick, dense (clouds)

غام gamm grievous, distressing, sorrowful, sad, painful; sultry, muggy (day, night)

مغموم magmūm grieved, distressed, afflicted, worried, sad

مغتم mugtamm grieved, distressed, afflicted, worried, sad

غمد gamada i u (gamd) to sheathe, put into the scabbard (هـ the sword); to plunge, threat (هـ the sword into s.o.’s breast); to encompass, shelter, protect, cover (ه s.o., برحمته bi-raḥmatihī with His grace; of God) II to conceal s.o.’s (ه ) offenses or shortcomings IV to sheathe, put into the scabbard (هـ the sword) V to encompass, shelter, protect, cover (ه s.o., برحمته bi-raḥmatihī with His grace; of God)

غمد gimd pl. اغماد agmād, غمود gumūd sheath, scabbard

غمر gamara u (غمارة gamāra, غمورة gumūra) to be plentiful, copious, abundant, abound (water); to overflow (intr.); -- gamara u (gamr) to flood, inundate (هـ s.th., ب هـ s.th. with), overflow (هـ s.th.); to douse, cover (هـ s.th., ب with a liquid), pour a liquid (ب ) over s.th. (هـ ); to lay, soak (في هـ s.th. in a liquid); to immerse, steep, submerge, place, embed (في هـ, ه s.o. s.th. in(to); esp. fig.: in(to) an environment, an atmosphere); to cover, bury (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to bestow liberally, lavish, heap, load (ب ه upon s.o. s.th.), shower (ب ه s.o. with); to fill, pervade (ه s.o., هـ the heart; of feeling.) III to plunge (blindly), throw o.s. (headlong) (في or هـ into); to venture; to risk (ب s.th.) | غامر بنفسه to engage in daring adventures, risk one’s life VIII to cover, bury, engulf, swallow (هـ s.th.)

غمر gamr flooding, overflowing, submersion, inundation; (pl. غمار gimār, غمور gumūr) deluge, flood (also fig.); all-engulfing, flooding, overflowing (water); of overflowing liberality, lavishly openhanded, generous; -- gamr and gumr (pl. اغمار agmār) inexperienced, green, gullible, simple, ingenuous

غمرة gamra pl. gamarāt, غمار gimār deluge, flood, inundation; (emotional) exuberance; pl. غمار flood (fig., e.g., of events); adversities, hardships, ups and down, (of life, of battle, etc.); abundance, profusion (e.g., of knowledge) | غمرات الموت g. a1-maut mortal throes

غمر gumr pl. اغمار agmār armfull

غمار gimār risk, hazard

مغامرة mugāmara pl. -āt a hazardous, or foolhardy, undertaking; adventure; risk, hazard

غامر gāmir overflowing, all-engulfing, all-encompassing; plentiful, copious, abundant; desolate, waste, empty (land)

مغمور magmūr obscure, unknown

مغامر mugāmir reckless, foolhardy; adventurer

غمز gamaza i (gamz) to feel, touch, palpate (ب هـ ه s.o., s.th. with); to make a sign, to signal (ب ه to s.o. with); to beckon with one’s eyes, wink (ه at s.o.); to twinkle, blink (ب with one’s eyes); to slander, calumniate (على or ب s.o.) | غمز الجرس (jarasa) to press the bell button, ring the bell; غمز قناته (qanātahū) to sound s.o. out, probe into s.o., feel s.o.’s pulse VI to signal to one another, wink at one another VIII to detract (هـ from s.th.), belittle, decry, disparage (هـ s.th.)

غمز gamza pl. -āt sign, signal, hint, wink (with the eye), twinkle; taunt, gibe

غمازة gammāza dimple

غميزة gamīza failing, fault, shortcoming, blemish (of character)

مغمز pl. مغامز magāmiz2 failing, fault, shortcoming. blemish (of character); weakness, weak spot, s.th. which arouses doubt, invites comment, taunts, and the like

غمس gamasa i (gams) to dip, plunge, steep, immerse, submerse, link (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. in) II = I; VII to be dipped, be plunged, become immersed, be submersed, be sunk; to plunge, throw o.s. (في into) VIII = VII

غموس gamūs ominous, calamitous, disastrous

مغموس magmūs immersed (ب or في in)

غمص gamaṣ i (gamṣ) to esteem lightly, belittle, undervalue, despise, hold in contempt (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

غمص agmaṣ2 blear-eyed

غمض gamuḍa u and gamaḍa u (غموض gumūḍ) to be hidden, be concealed, hide; to close (eye); to be obscure, dark, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend II to make (هـ s.th.) obscure, abetruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend; to close, shut (عينيه عن (‘ainaihi one’s eyes to, over, toward, or in the face of); to sleep, be asleep | غمض جفونه على القذى (jufūnahū, qaḍā) see قذى IV to blur, dim (عينيه عن ‘ainaihi s.o.’s eye for), make s.o. blind to; to close, shut (عينيه عن one’s eyes to, over, على على toward. in the face of); to pretend not to see (عن s.th.), feign blindness (عن to), overlook (عن s.th.), wink, connive (عن at); to hear, stand, tolerate (عن, على s.th.) | اغمض من عينيه (‘ainaihi) to close, one’s eyes, refuse to see VIII to close, be closed (eye) VIII do.; to sleep, be asleep

غمض gumḍ sleep

غمضة gamḍa twinkle, blink, wink | في غمضة عين in a moment, in a jiffy

غماض gimāḍ twinkle, blink, wink

غموض gumūḍ obscureness, obscurity, ambiguity, abstruseness, reconditeness, mystery, inscrutability; inexplicability, lack of clarity, vagueness, uncertainty, incertitude

غموضة gumūḍa obscureness, obscurity, abstruseness, reconditeness

اغمض agmaḍ2 obscurer, more cryptic

غامض gāmiḍ pl. غوامض gawāmiḍ2 hidden, concealed; obscure, dark, ambiguous, abstruse, recondite, difficult to comprehend; inscrutable, cryptic(al), mysterious, enigmatic(al)

غامض gāmiḍ pl. غوامض gawāmiḍ2 unsolved problem, riddle, enigma, mystery | غوامض افكاره s.o.’s innermost thoughts

غمط gamaṭa i and gamiṭ a (gamṭ) to despise, hold in contempt, esteem lightly, belittle, undervalue (ه s.o.); to be ungrateful (هـ for s.th.) | غمطه حقه (ḥaqqahū) to encroach upon s.o.’s rights, refuse to recognize s.o.’s rights

غمغم gamgama to mumble, mutter

غمغمة gamgama pl. غماغم gamāgim2 cry, battle cry

غمق gamiqa a (gamaq), gamaqa u and gamuqa u to be damp, moist, wet

غامق gāmiq2 dark (color)

غملج gamlaj fickle, inconstant, unstable

غملاج gimlāj fickle, inconstant, unstable

غمى gamā i (gamy) to provide with a roof, to roof (هـ a house); pas.: غمي عليه (gumiya) to swoon, faint, lose consciousness II to blindfold IV pass. اغمي عليه (ugmiya) to swoon, faint, lose consciousness

غمي gamy swoon, faint, unconsciousness

اغماء I igrmā’ swoon, faint, unconsciousness

استغمائية (eg.; pronounced istugummāya): لعبة الاسغماية la‘bat al-ist. blindman’s buff

مغمى عليه magmīy, mugman ‘alaihi in a swoon, unconscious

غن ganna (1st pers. perf. ganintu) a (gann, غنة gunna) to speak through the nose, speak with a nasal twang, nasalize

غن gann nasal pronunciation, nasalization

غنة gunna nasal pronunciation, nasalization; (pl. -āt) nasal sound, twang; sound (also, e.g., of complaint, of regret)

اغن agann2, f. غناء gannā’2 nasal; melodious, pleasant, sonorous (voice); luxuriant, lush, gorgeous (of a garden)

غنج ganija a (gunj) to coquet, flirt, play the coquette (woman) V do.

غنج gunj coquetry, flirtation, dalliance, coquettish behavior

غنج ganija coquettish, flirtatious (woman); a coquette

مغناج mignāj coquettish, flirtatious

غندر II tagandara to play the dandy, act like a fop

غندر gundur fat, plump, chubby

غندور gundūr pl. غنادرة ganādira (eg.) dandy, fop

غندقجي (eg.) gundaqgī armorer, gunsmith

غنغرينا gangarīnā gangrene (med.)

غنم ganima a (gunm, ganm, ganam, غنيمة ganīma) to gain booty; to take as (war) booty, capture, gain, obtain (هـ s.th.); to pillage, plunder, sack, loot II to give (in a disinterested manner) (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), bestow (هـ ه on s.o. s.th.), grant (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) IV to give as booty (هـ ه ه to s.o. s.th.) VIII to take as (war) booty, capture (هـ s.th.) | اغتنم الفرصة (furṣa) to seize, or take, the opportunity, avail o.s. of the opportunity X استغنم الفرصة = اغتنم الفرصة

غنم gunm spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage, benefit

غنم ganam (coll.) pl. اغنام agnam sheep (and goats), small cattle

غنام gannām shepherd

غنيمة ganīma pl. غنائم ganā’im2 spoils, booty, loot, prey | غنيمة easy prey; راض من الغنيمة بالإياب (rāḍin, iyāb) (content with returning without booty, i.e.) glad to have saved one's skin; اقتنع من الغنيمة بالإياب (iqtana‘a) to have to return empty-handed, with nothing accomplished

مغنم magnam pl. مغانم magānim2 spoils, booty, loot, prey; gain, profit, advantage, benefit

غانم gānim successful | عاد سالما غانما (sāliman gāniman) approx.: he returned safe and sound

غني ganiya a (ginan, غناء ganā’) to be free from want, be rich, wealthy; not to need, be able to spare (عن s.o., s.th.), be able to dispense (عن with), manage, be able to do (عن without), have no need (عن for), be in no need (عن of) II to sing (ب or هـ s.th., هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), chant (ب or. s.th.); to sing the praises (ب of s.o.), eulogize, extol (ب s.o.) IV to make free from want, make rich, enrich (ه s.o.); to suffice (عن or , s.o. or for s.o.), be sufficient, be enough, be adequate, do (عن or ه for s.o.), be of use, be of help (عن or ه to s.o.), avail, profit, benefit, help (عن or ه s.o.); to satisfy, content (عن s.o.); to be a substitute or set off (عن to s.o.), make dispensable or superfluous (عن for s.o. s.th.); to make up (عن for s.th.), be a substitute (عن for s.th.); to dispense, free, relieve (عن ه s.o. of s.th.), spare, save (عن ه s.o. s.th.); to protect, guard, help (هـ عن s.o. against) | ما اغنى (عنه) شيئا to be of no use, be of no avail (to s.o.); لا يغني فتيلا (yugnī) it is of no use at all (عن to s.o.), it doesn’t help (عن s.o.) a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing V to sing, chant (ب s.th.); to sing the praises (ه or ب of s.o., of s.th.); to eulogize, praise, extol (ب s.o.) VIII to become rich, gain riches (ب by) X to become rich; not to need, be able to spare (عن s.o., s.th.), he able to dispense (عن with), manage, be able to do (عن without), have no need (عن for), be in no need (عن of); to get by, do, manage, be satisfied (ب with) | لا يستغنى (yustagnā) indispensable

غنى ginan wealth, affluence, riches | لا غنى عنه indispensable (ل for); ما له عنه غني he cannot dispense with it, he cannot do without it; هو في غني عنه he can dispense with it, he does not need it; كان في غني عنه to forgo, renounce s.th., dispense with s.th., be in no need of s.th., not to need s.th., need not do s.th.

غني gunya, ginya: ما له عنه غنية = ما له عنه غني (ginan)

غني ganīy pl. اغنياء agniyā’ rich (ب in), wealthy, prosperous, well-to-do | غني الحر g. al-glarb war profiteer; غني عن الحرب (bayān) self-evident, self-explanatory; it is self-evident, it goes without saying (ان that) غناء ganā’ wealth, affluence, riches; sufficiency, adequacy; ability, capability; use, avail, usefulness, utility (عن for) | لا غناء فيه (ganā’a) useless; it is insufficient, inadequate, not enough, it is no good, it is to little avail, it is of little use; له غناء عنه (ganā’un), هو في غناء عنه he can dispense with it, he does not need it

غناء ginā’ singing, song

غنائي ginā’ī singing-, song- (in compounds), vocal | حفلة غنائية (ḥafla) song recital, concert of vocal music

غناء gannā’2 see غن

اغنية ugnīya (ignīya), ugniya (igniya) pl. -āt, اغان agānin song, melody, tune, lay

مغنى magnan pl. مغان magānin habitation; (eg.) villa

غانية gāniya pl. -āt, غوان gawānin pretty girl, beautiful woman, belle, beauty

مغن mugannin (male) singer, vocalist, chanter

مغنية muganniya (female) singer, vocalist, songstress, chanteuse

غيهب gaihab pl. غياهب gayāhib2 darkness, dark, duskiness; gloom

غوث IV to help, succor (ه s.o.), go to the aid (ه of s.o.) X to appeal for help (ه or ب to s.o., على against), seek the aid (ه or ب of s.o., على against); to call for help

غوث gaut call for help; help, aid, succor

غياث giyāt/ help. aid, succor

اغاثة igāta/help, aid, succor | وكالة اغاثة اللاجئين (التابعة للأمم المتحدة )>(li-l-umami l-muttaḥda) United Nations Relief and Works Agency, UNRWA

استغاثة istigāta appeal for aid; call for help

مغيث mugīt helper

غار (غور ) gāra u (gaur) to penetrate deeply (في into); -- gāra u a (gaur) to fall in, link in, become hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away. ooze away (water); to dry up (spring) II to fall in, link in, become hollow (eyes, and the like); to seep away, ooze away (water) IV to travel in the lowlands; to make a predatory incursion, make a foray (على into s.o.’s territory); to raid, invade (على a country); to attack (على s.o., s.th.); to commit aggression (على against a nation)

غور gaur pl. اغوار agwār bottom; declivity, depression; depth (also fig.); الغور designation of that part of the Syrian Graben which constitutes the Jordan valley | بعيد الغور deep; profound, unfathomable

غار gar pl. اغوار agwār, غيران gīrān cave, cavern; -- (coll.; n. un. ة ) laurel tree, bay

غارة gara pl. -āt predatory incursion, raid, invasion, inroad, foray; attack (على on); a certain gait of camels | غارة جوية (jawwīya) air raid; متوالية or غارات متواصلة (mutawāṣila, mutawāliya) rolling attacks, attacks in waves; شن غارة على (šanna) to attack s.o. or s.th., launch an attack on

مغار magār cave, cavern; grotto

مغارة magāra pl. -āt, مغاور magāwir2, مغاير magāyir2 cave, cavern; grotto

مغوار migwār pl. مغاوير magawīr2 fleet, swift-running (horse); making raids or attacks, raiding, aggressive; bold, daring, audacious; pl. مغاوير commandos, shock troops (Syr., mil.)

اغارة igāra pl. -āt attack (على on)

غائر gā’ir low-lying; sunk, hollow (of the eyes)

مغير mugīr assailant, raider, aggressor

غوريلا gurillā gorilla

غاز , غازي look up alphabetically

غويشة (eg.) guwēša pl. -āt, غوايش gawāyiš2 glass bracelet, bangle

غاص (غوص ) gāṣa u (gauṣ, مغاص magāṣ, غياص giyāṣ, غياصة giyāṣa) to plunge (في into), become immersed, submerge (في in), dive (في into; على for); to practice pearl-fishery II to make (ه s.o.) dive (في into), plunge, immerse, submerse (في ه s.o. in)

غويص gawīṣ deep

غواص gawwaṣ pl. -ūn diver; pearl diver

غواصة gawwāṣa pl. -āt submarine

مغاص magāṣ diving place | مغاص اللؤلؤ m. al-lu’lu’ pearl diving, pearl-fishery

1 غوط II to deepen, make deeper (هـ a well) V to evacuate the bowels, relieve nature

غوط gauṭ pl. غوط gūṭ, اغواط agwāṭ, غياط giyāṭ, غيطان gīṭān cavity, hollow, depression

الغوطة al-gūṭa name of the fertile oasis on the south side of Damascus

غويط gawīṭ deep

غائط gā’iṭ human excrements, feces

2 غوطى gūṭī Gothic

غاغة gāga mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor, din, tumult

غوغاء gaugā’2 mob, rabble, riffraff; noise, clamor, din, tumult

غال (غول ) gāla u (gaul) to take (away) unawares, snatch, seize, grab (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to destroy (ه s.o.) VIII = I; to assassinate, murder (ه s.o.)

غال gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock

غول gūl usually fem., pl. اغوال agwāl, غيلان gīlān ghoul, a desert demon appearing in ever varying shapes; demon, jinni, goblin, sprite; ogre, cannibal; calamity, disaster

غيلة gīla assassination | قتله غيلة (gīlatan) to assassinate s.o.

اغتيال igtiyā1 pl. -āt murder(ing), assassination

غائلة gā’ila pl. غوائل gawā’il2 calamity, disaster; ruin, havoc, danger

غوى gawā i (غي gayy, غواية gawāya) to stray from the right way, go astray, err (in one’s actions); to misguide, mislead, lead astray (ه s.o.), seduce, tempt, entice, lure, induce (ب ه s.o. to do s.th.); gawiya a to covet, desire, like II to misguide, mislead, lead astray, tempt, seduce, entice, lure, allure (ه s.o.) IV = II X to misguide, mislead, lead astray (ه s.o.); to tempt, seduce, entice, lure, bait, ensnare, beguile, win (ب ه s.o. with)

غي gayy trespassing, transgression, offense, error, sin; seduction, temptation, enticement, allurement

غية gayya, gīya pl. -āt error, sin; taste, inclination, liking

غواية gawāya error, sin; seduction, temptation, enticement, allurement

اغوية ugwiya pl. اغاوى agāwīy pitfall, trap

اغواء igwā’ seduction, temptation, enticement, allurement

غاو gāwin tempter, seducer, enticer, allurer; (pl. غواة guwāh) amateur, fan, lover, dilettante, dabbler

مغواة mugawwāh pl. مغويات mugawwayāt pitfall, trap

غى II to hoist (هـ a flag)

غاية gāya pl. -āt extreme limit; utmost degree, the outmost, extremity; aim, goal, end, objective, intention, intent, design, purpose, destination (of a journey) | لغاية (with foll. genit.) as far as, up to, to the extent of, until, till; للغاية extremely, very (much); كان غاية في الجمال (gāyatan, jamāl) to be of extraordinary beauty; الغاية تبرر الواسطة (tubarriru l-wāsitata) the end justifies the means; انطلق لغايته to head or set out for one’s destination

غى and غية see غوي

O غائية gā’īya finality (philos.)

غاب (غيب ) gāba i (gaib, غيبة gaiba, غياب giyāb, غيبوبة gaibūba, مغيب magīb) to be or remain absent, be or stay away; to absent o.s. withdraw (عن from), leave (عن s.o., s.th.); to vanish (عن from s.o.’s sight, from s.o., from s.th.); to disappear, be swallowed up (في in); to hide, be hidden, be concealed (عن from); -- (مغيب magīb) to set, go down (sun, and the like) | غاب الشيء عن باله the matter has slipped from his memory, he has forgotten the matter; غاب عن صوابه (ṣawābihī) to lose consciousness, faint, swoon, become unconscious; غاب عن الوجود do.; لا تغيب عنه الشمس (šamsu) it is not veiled in darkness II to lead away, take away, carry away, remove (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cause (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) to disappear; to hide, conceal (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from); to make (ه s.o.) forget everything, make (ه s.o.) oblivious of everything | غيبه عن الوجود it drove him out of his mind; غيبه الثرى (tarā) the earth covered, or buried, him V to be absent, be away, stay away (عن from s.o., from s.th.); to be not present, be not there; to play truant, play hooky (عن from school) VIII to slander, calumniate (ه s.o.) X to use s.o.’s (ه ) absence for maligning him, backbite (ه s.o.); to slander, calumniate (ه s.o.)

غيب gaib absence; hidden, concealed, invisible; -- (pl. غيوب guyūb) that which is hidden, the invisible; that which is transcendental, the supernatural; divine secret | غيبا gaiban or عن ظهر الغيب (ẓahri l-g.) by heart, from memory; علام الغيوب ‘allām al-g. he who thoroughly knows the invisible, or transcendental, things = God; عالم الغيب ‘ālam al-g. the invisible world; بظهر الغيب bi-ẓahri l-g. behind s.o.’s back, insidiously, treacherously; نظر بعين الغيب الى (bi-‘aini l-g.) to foresee, foreknow, divine s.th.

غيبي gaibī secret, hidden, invisible

غابة gāba pl. -āt, غاب gāb (coll.) low ground, depression, hollow; forest, wood, copse, thicket; jungle; reed | الغاب الهندي (hindī) bamboo

غيبة gaiba absence; concealment, invisibility

غيبة gāba slander, calumniation, calumny

غياب giyāb absence, being away; setting (of the sun)

غيابي giyābī: حكم غيابي (ḥukm) judgment by default (jur.); غيابيا giyābīyan in absence, in absentia (jur.)

غيابة gayāba pl. -āt bottom, depth (of a well, of a dungeon, of a ditch, and the like)

غيبوبة gaibūba swoon, faint, unconsciousness; trance, daze, stupor

مغيب magīb absence; setting (of the sun)

تغيب tagayyub absence, nonattendance, being away, staying away, truancy

اغتياب igtiyāb slander, calumniation, defamation; gossip about (genit.)

غائب gā’ib pl. -ūn, غيب guyyab, غياب guyyāb absent, not present, not there; hidden, concealed, unseen, invisible; third person (gram.)

مغيبات mugayyibāt narcotics, stupefacients, anesthetics

مغيب mugayyab hidden, concealed, invisible; pl. المغيبات al-mugayyabāt the hidden, transcendental things, the divine secrets

مغيب mugib and مغيبة woman whose husband is absent, grass widow

متغيب mutagayyib absent (عن from)

مغتاب mugtāb slanderer, calumniator

غيتو ghetto

غاث (غيث ) gaja i (gait) to water with rain (هـ s.th.), send rain (هـ, ه upon s.o. upon s.th., of God)

غيث gait pl. غيوث guyūt, اغياث agyāt (abundant) rain

غيد VI to walk with a graceful, swinging gait

غيد gayad delicacy, slender shapeliness, tenderness, softness (of a woman)

غادة gāda pl. -āt young girl, young lady

اغياد agyād2, غيداء gaidā’ 2, غيد gīd young and delicate; الغيد the young ladies

غار (غير ) gāra a (غيرة gaira) to be jealous (من of); to display zeal, vie (على for); to be solicitous (على about. for); to guard or protect jealously (على من s.o., s.th. from) II to alter, modify, make different (من or هـ s.th.), change (هـ s.th.) III to be dissimilar, be different, differ; to be in contrast (هـ, ه to), be unlike s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to change (هـ e.g., a garment); to interchange, exchange (بين between); to haggle, bargain, chaffer (ه with s.o.); to vie, compete (ه with s.o.) IV to make jealous (ه s.o.) V to be altered, be modified, be changed, change, alter, vary, undergo an alteration or change VI to differ, be different, be heterogeneous

غير gair other than (with dependent genit.), different from, unlike, no, not, non-, un-, in-, dis-; (prep.) gaira except, save, but | الغير the others, fellow men, neighbors; وغيره, وغير ذلك and the like, and so forth, and so on, et cetera; and others, and other things, et alii, et alia; لا غير and ليس غير (gairu) (and) that’s all, nothing else, no more, nothing but, only, merely, solely; غير ان gaira anna except that ..., however, but, yet, ...though; غير واحد gaira wāḥidin more than one, several; غير مرة gaira marratin, more than once, quite often, frequently; بغير bi-gairi or من غير gairi without; (ما) في غير fī gairi (mā) without (generally followed

by abstract noun), في غير ترو (tarawwin) without thinking, unhesitatingly; في غير ما تهيب (tahayyubin) without fear; على غير معرفة منه (ma‘rifatin) or من غير علم منه (‘ilmin) without his knowing or having known it, without his knowledge, unwittingly

غيري gairī altruist

غيرية gairīya altruism

غير giyar, غير الدهر g. ad-dahr vicissitudes of fate

غيرة gaira jealously; zeal, fervor, earnest concern, vigilant care, solicitude (على for); sense of honor, self-respect

غيور gayūr pl. غير guyur (very) jealous; zealous, fervid, eager (على in, in the pursuit of), keen, eagerly intent (على on), earnestly concerned (على with), enthusiastic (على for)

غيران gairān2, f. غيرى gairā, pl. غياري gayāra = غيور

تغيير tagyīr pl. -āt changing, alteration, modification, variation; change, replacement, relief

تغيير tagyīra pl. تغايير tagāyīr2 exchange, interchange, change, replacement; lending of books and manuscripts sheet by sheet (one malzama after the other; eg.)

غيار giyār exchange, interchange, change, replacement; (pl. -āt) dressing, bandage (of a wound) | قطع الغيار qiṭa‘ al-g. spare parts

تغير tagayyur pl. -āt alteration, variation, change

مغاير mugāyir: مغاير للآداب indecent, immoral

متغير mutagayyir changeable, variable, liable to change or alteration | تيار مغير (tayyār) alternating current (el.)

(غيض) غاض gāḍa i (gaiḍ, مغاض magāḍ) to decrease, diminish, recede, become less, dwindle away | غاض لونه (launuhū) his face lost all color, he turned pale

غيض gaiḍ prematurely born fetus

غيضة gaiḍa pl. -āt, غياض giyāḍ, اغياض agyāḍ thicket, jungle

غيط gaiṭ pl. غيطان gīṭān field

غاظ (غيط ) gāẓa i (gaiẓ) to anger, enrage, infuriate, irritate, exasperate, vex, gall (ه s.o.) II and IV = I; V to become

furious, become angry (من with s.o., at s.th.) VII and VIII = V

غيظ gaiẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation, fury, rage

اغتياظ igtiyāẓ wrath, anger, ire, exasperation, fury, rage

منغاظ mungāẓ angry, irate, furious, enraged

مغتاظ mugtāẓ angry, irate, furious, enraged

1 غيل gīl pl. اغيال agyāl thicket

غال gāl pl. -āt (syr.) padlock

2 غيلة gīla and غيلان gīlān see غول

غام (غيم ) gāma i (gaim) to become cloudy, become overcast (sky); to become fogged, become blurred II do.; to form clouds; to billow, float, waft (smoke) IV agāma and agyama = I

غيم gaim (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. غيوم guyūm غيام giyām clouds; mist, fog

غائم gā’im clouded, overcast; cloudy

متغيم mutagayyim clouded, overcast

1 غين gain pl. -āt, غيون guyūn, اغيان agyān name of the letter غ

غينة gaina dimple on the cheek

2 غيني gīnī: خنزير غيني (kinzīr) guinea pig

غينيا gīniya Guinea | غينيا الجديدة Gīniyā l-jadīda New Guinea

غيهب see غهب

ف

1ف abbreviation of فدان faddān (a square measure)

2ف fa (conj.) then, and then; and so, thus, hence, therefore; but then, then however; for, because; (with subjective:) so that | يوما فيوما (yauman) day after day, day by day; شيئا فشيئا (šai’an) gradually, step by step; امر فقتلوه (fa-qatalūhu) he ordered him to be killed

فان fa-inna (with foll. suffix or noun in acc.) for, because

فاء name of the letter ف

فابريقة fābrīqa and فابريكة pl. -āt, فبارك fabārik2 factory, plant

فأت VIII to tell lies (على about); to take violent measures (على against); to violate (على a duty, etc.); pass. افتئت uftu’ita to die suddenly | افتأت برئيه (bi-ra’yihī) to act on one’s own judgment

افتآت ifti’āt oppression, violence

فاتورة (It. fattura) fātūra pl. فواتير fawātīr2 invoice, bill

الفاتيكان al-fātīkān, al-vatikān the Vatican

فؤاد fu’ād pl. افئدة af’ida heart

فؤادية fu’ādīya “Fuad cap”, summer field-cup of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)

فأر fa’r (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فئران fi’rān mouse; rat

فار fār (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فيران fīrān mouse; rat

فارة fāra (= فأرة fa’ra) mouse; (pl. -āt) plane (tool)

فارس fāris2 Persia, also بلاد فارس

فارسي fārisī Persian; a Persian

فاروز fārūz turquoise

فازلين fazlīn, vazlīn vazeline

فأس fa’s f., pl. فؤوس fu’ūs, افؤس af’us ax, hatchet; hoe

1 فاس fās = فأس fa’s

2 فاس fās2 Fez or Fès (city in Morocco)

فاشستي fāšistī fascist(ic); a fascist

فاشستية fāšistīya fascism

فاشي fāšī fascist(ic); a fascist

فاشية fāšīya fascism

فاصوليا fāṣūliyā (eg.-syr.) common European bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.; bot.)

فأفأ fa’fa’a to stammer, stutter

فاكون (Fr. wagon) fākōn pl. فواكين fawākīn2 (railroad) car, coach

فأل VI to regard as a good omen, as an auspicious beginning (ب s.th.); to be optimistic

فأل fa’l pl. فؤول fu’ūl, افؤل af’ul good omen, favorable auspice; optimistic outlook, hope; omen, auspice, sign | قرأ الفأل to tell fortunes, predict the future

تفاؤل tafā’ul optimism

متفائل mutafā’il optimistic; optimist

فالس (Fr. valse) vals waltz

فالوذج fālūdaj a sweet made of flour and honey

فالوذجى fālūdajī soft and flabby, like fālūdaj

فئام fi’ām group (of people)

فإن fa-inna see 2ف fa

فانلة fanella and فانلا pl. -āt flannel; undershirt; pl. فانلات fanellāt underwear, underclothing

فانوس fānūs pl. فوانيس fawānīs2 lantern | فانوس سحري (siḥrī) laterna magica, magic lantern; (slide) projector

فئة fi’a pl. -āt group, class; troop, band, party; platoon (of light arms; Syr., mil.); rate (of taxation), (tax) bracket; tax, rate, fee; price

فاوريقة fāwarīqa pl. فوارق fawārīq2 factory plant

فايظ fāyiẓ (=فائض ) see فيظ

فبراير fabrāyir February

فبارك fabārik2 (pl.) factories, plants

فت fatta u (fatt) to weaken, undermine, sap (في s.th.) | في ساعده or فت في عضده (‘aḍudihī) to weaken s.o., sap s.o.’s strength, discourage, enervate s.o. II to crumble, fritter (هـ s.th.); to divide into small fragments (هـ s.th.) | يفتت القلب (الأكباد ) (qalba) heartbreaking, heart-rending V to crumble, disintegrate, break up into fragments VII = V

فتة fatta a kind of bread soup

فتات futāt crumbs, morsels

فتيت fatīt crumbs, crumbled bread

فتيتة fatīta a kind of bread soup

فتأ fata’a a and فتئ fati’a a (with negation) not to cease, to be (هـ s.th.); فتئ fati’a a (فتء fat’) to desist, refrain (عن from), cease (عن doing s.th.), stop (عن s.th., doing s.th.) | ما فتئ يفعل not to cease doing, do incessantly

فتح fataḥa a (fatḥ) to open (هـ s.th.); to turn on (هـ a faucet); to switch on, turn on (هـ an apparatus); to dig (هـ a canal); to build (هـ a road) ; to open, preface, introduce, begin (هـ s.th.); to conquer, capture (هـ s.th.); to reveal, disclose (هـ على to s.o. s.th.); to grant victory or success (هـ على to s.o. over or in s.th.; of God), give into s.o.’s (على ) power (هـ s.th.; of God); to open the gates (of profit) (على to s.o.; of God); to infuse, imbue, inspire, endow (ب or هـ على s.o. with; of God); (gram.) to pronounce with the vowel a (هـ a consonant) | فتح البخت (bakta) to tell fortunes; فتح عينيه على آخرهما (‘ainaihi) to open one’s eyes wide, stare wide-eyed; فتح الشهية (šahīyata) to stimulate the appetite II to open (هـ s.th.); (of a dower) to open III to address first (ه s.o.), speak first (ه to s.o.); to open the conversation or talk (في ه with s.o. about); to disclose (هـ or ب ه to s.o. s.th.), let s.o. (ه ) in on s.th. (هـ or ب ) V to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be opened (عن so that s.th. becomes perceptible); to be open, be responsive (heart) VII to open, open up, unfold (intr.); to be opened VIII to open, inaugurate (هـ s.th.); to introduce, preface, begin (ب ه s.th. with); to conquer, capture (هـ s.th.) X to begin, start, commence (هـ s.th.); to seek the assistance of God (على against), implore God for victory (على over)

فتح opening; introduction, commencement, beginning | فتح الاعتماد opening of a credit, presentation of a letter of credit; -- (pl. فتوح futūḥ, فتوحات futūḥāt) conquest; victory, triumph; pl. فتوحات alms; donations, contributions (for a zāwiya; Tun.)

فتحة the vowel point a (gram.)

فتحة futḥa pl. فتح futaḥ, -āt opening, aperture, breach, gap, hole; sluice

فتاح fattāḥ opener (of the gates of profit, of sustenance; one of the attributes of God)

فتاحة fattāḥa pl. -āt can opener

مفتاح miftāḥ pl. مفاتيح mafātīḥ2 key (to a door, of a keyboard, esp. that of a piano); switch (el., railroad); lever, pedal (of a vehicle); knob (on a radio); stop (of a wind instrument); valve (of a trumpet); peg, pin (of a stringed instrument)

مفتاحجي miftāḥjī (railroad) switchman

مفاتحة mufātaḥa opening of a conversation

افتتاح iftitāḥ opening, inauguration; introduction, beginning | ليلة الافتتاح lailat al-ift. première, opening night

افتتاحي iftitāḥī opening, introductory, preliminary, prefatory, proemial; inaugurational | مبلغ افتتاحي (mablag) opening bid, lowest bid (at auctions); فصل (مقال) افتتاحي (faṣl, maqāl) and مقالة افتتاحية (maqāla) editorial, leading article, leader; ليلة افتتاحية (laila) première, opening night

استفتاحية iftiftāḥīya editorial, leading article, leader; overture (mus.)

استفتاح istiftāḥ start, beginning, commencement, inception, incipience; earnest money, handsel

فاتح fātiḥ opener; beginner; conqueror, victor; light (color) | فاتح البخت f. al-bakt fortuneteller; ارزق فاتح light-blue

فاتحة fātiḥa pl. فواتح fawātiḥ2 start, opening, beginning, commencement, inception, incipience; introduction, preface, preamble, proem | الفاتحة or فاتحة الكتاب name of the first sura

مفتوح maftūḥ opened, open | الباب مفتوح على مصراعيه (miṣrā‘aihi) the door is wide open

مفتح mufattaḥ appetizing; (pl. -āt) aperitif

مفتتح muftataḥ start, beginning, commencement, inception, opening, inauguration

2 فتر fatara u (فتور futūr) to abate, subside; to become listless, become languid, languish, flag, slacken; to cool off, become tepid, become lukewarm (water); to slacken, flag, become lax, become remiss, let up (عن in) II to cause (هـ s.th.) to subside, abate, allay, mitigate, ease, soothe (هـ s.th.); to make languid, make listless, exhaust, slacken. weaken, sap, enfeeble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make tepid (هـ water) IV to make languid, make listless, exhaust, Blacken, weaken, sap, enfeeble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to become listless, become languid, languish, flag, slacken; to become tepid, become lukewarm (water)

فتر fitr pl. افتار aftār small span (the space between the end of the thumb and the end of the index finger when extended); corner

فترة fatra lassitude, languor, listlessness, slackness, weakness, feebleness, debility; tepidity, indifference, coolness (of a feeling); -- (pl. fatarāt) interval of time, intermission, pause; period, spell, while | فترة الانتقال transition period; بين فترة واخرى (wa-ukrā) now and then, from time to time; في الفترة بعد الفترة at certain intervals, now and then, off and on, once in a while

فتور futūr lassitude, languor, listlessness, slackness, laxity, slackening, flagging; tepidity

فاتر fātir languid, weak, feeble, listless, slack, loose, flabby; dull, listsless, stagnant (stock exchange); tepid, lukewarm

متفتر mutafattir intermittent

2 فاتورة pl. فواتر look up alphabetically

فتش II to examine (thoroughly), scrutinize, search, investigate, explore (هـ s.th.); to look, search (هـ into s.th.); to inquire (عن about, after), look, search (عن for); to supervise, superintend, control, inspect (على or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to be in charge, exercise supervision, control, or inspection (على of)

فتاش fattāš thorough examiner, investigator, explorer, researcher

تفتيش taftīš pl. تفاتيش tafātīš2 examination, scrutiny, searching, search; investigation; inquiry, research, exploration; supervision, superintendence, control, charge; inspection; survey, review; controlling body, board of control; inquisition; circle of irrigation, irrigation district, also تفتيش الري t. ar-rīy (Eg.) | تفتيش جوي (jawwī) aerial inspection

تفتيشي taftīšī išnvestigational, investigatory, examining, examinatory

مفتش mufattiš inspector, supervisor | مفتش بيطري (baiṭarī) veterinary inspector (Eg.); مفتش الري m. ar-rīy irrigation inspector (Eg.)

مفتشية mufattišīya inspectorate

فتفت fatfata to speak secretly (الى to); to fritter, crumble (هـ s.th., esp. bread)

فتفوتة fatfūta pl. فتافيت fatāfīt2 crumb, morsel (esp. of bread)

فتق fataqa u (fatq) to undo the sewing (هـ of s.th., e.g., of a garment), unsew, unstitch, rip, rip open, tear apart, rend, slash, slit open (هـ s.th.), | فتق الذهن (dihna) to make s.o. see his way clear, cause s.o. to see things in their true light; الضرورة تفتق الحيلة (ḥīlata) necessity is the mother of invention; فتقت له حيلة futiqat lahū ḥīlatun a ruse came to his mind II to unsew, unstitch, rip, tear, etc. (= I; هـ s.th.) V to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring forth, produce (عن s.th.); to hatch, contrive, devise (عن s.th., fig., of the mind) VII to be unsewn, be unstitched (e.g., a garment), be ripped open, be torn apart, be rent, be slashed, be slit open; to bring forth, produce (عن s.th.)

فتق fatq pl. فتوق futūq rip, rent, tear, cleft, crack, fissure, slit, slash; hole (e.g., in a stocking); hernia, rupture (med.) | مصاب بالفتق (muṣāb) afflicted with hernia; person suffering from hernia

فتاق fitāq hernia, rupture (med.)

فتيق fatīq unstitched, ripped, ripped open, slit, rent, torn; sharp

مفتوق maftūq unstitched, ripped, ripped open, slit, rent, torn; afflicted with hernia

فتك fataka u i (fatk) to assassinate, murder, slay, kill (ب s.o.), destroy, annihilate (ب s.th.); to attack suddenly, assault (ب s.o.) | فتك به فتكا ذريعا (fatkan darī‘an) to cut off, destroy, wipe out, eradicate, extirpate, exterminate s.o.; to decimate, thin the ranka of (esp., said of a disease)

فتك fatk assassination, murder; destruction, annihilation

فتكة fatka pl. -āt devastation, ravage, havoc

فتاك fattāk deadly, lethal, murderous; of disastrous effect, wreaking havoc (ب on)

افتك aftak2 deadlier, more destructive

فاتك fātik pl. فتاك futtāk assassin, murderer, killer

فتل fatala i (fatl) to twist together, twine, entwine, plait, throw (هـ s.th.); to spin (هـ s.th.) II to twist, twine, wreathe, wind, weave, plait (هـ s.th.); to splice (هـ a rope) V to be twisted, be twined, be plaited, be woven, be wound VII = V; to turn on one’s heel and leave, turn away (من from) | انفتل من الباب to slip out the door

فتلة fatla (n. vic.) twist(ing), twining, plaiting; (eg.; pl. فتل fital) thread | شمع الفتلة (šlammā‘a) to make off, make a getaway, beat it

فتيل fatīl twisted, twined, entwined, plaited, wreathed, wound, woven, coiled; -- (pl. -āt, فتائل fatā’il) wick; gauze tampon; fuse, slow match, match cord | لا يغني فتيلا (yugnī) it is of no use at all (من to s.o.), it won’t help him (عنه ) a bit, it isn’t worth a farthing; لا يجدي فتيلا (yujdī) = لا يغني فتيلا

فتيلة fatīla pl. -āt, فتائل fatā’il2 wick; O filament of a light bulb

فتال fattāl ropemaker, cordmaker

مفتول maftūl strapping, sturdy, husky; (watch) tower (Nejd) | مفتول الساعد muscular, brawny, strong, husky, burly

فتن falana i (fatn, فتون futūn) to turn away (من ه s.o. from); to subject to temptations or trials, seduce, tempt, entice, allure, beguile (ه s.o.); to enamor, charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (. s.o.); -- fatana i (fatn) to torture, torment (ه s.o.); to denounce (على s.o.), inform (على على against s.o.); pass. futina to be charmed, be enraptured, be infatuated (ب by), be enamored (ب of), be in love (ب with); to be crazy (ب over), be like mad (ب after) IV to enamor, charm, enchant, captivate, enthrall, enrapture, fascinate, infatuate (ه s.o.) VIII to subject to temptations (ه s.o.); to be charmed, be tempted, be infatuated; act. iftatana and pass. uftutina: to be subjected to temptations, be lead from the right course; pass. uftutina = futina

فتنة fitna pl. فتن fitan temptation, trial; charm, charmingness, attractiveness; enchantment, captivation, fascination, enticement, temptation; infatuation; intrigue; sedition, riot, discord, dissension, civil strife

فتان fattān fascinating, captivating, enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer; denunciator, informer, slanderer

;jil alu.,,· more charming, more attractive, more delightful

مفاتن mafātin2 charming qualities; charms; magic powers

فاتن fātin pl. فواتن fawātin2 tempting, alluring, seductive, fascinating, captivating, enchanting, charming; tempter, seducer

مفتون maftūn fascinated, captivated, infatuated, enraptured, charmed (ب by); enamored (ب of), in love (ب with); madman, maniac

(فتو and فتي) فتى fatiya a (فتاء fatā’) to be youthful, young, adolescent IV to give a formal legal opinion (في ه to s.o. in or regarding; Isl. Law); to furnish (ه s.o.) with information (في about), expound, set forth (في ه to s.o. s.th.); to deliver an opinion (في about), decide by a legal opinion (ب for or in favor of s.th.), state as a (legal) opinion (بان that) X to ask (ه s.o.) for a formal legal opinion (في in or regarding; Isl. Law); to ask (ه s.o.) for a formal opinion (في about), request information (في ه of s.o. about), seek s.o.’s (ه ) counsel (في in, about), consult (في ه s.o. in, about), ask s.o.’s (ه ) opinion (في about)

فتى fatan pl. فتيان futyān, فتية fitya youth, adolescent, juvenile, young man; slave; hero; pl. young people, adolescents, juveniles

فتاة fatāh pl. فتيات fatayāt young woman, (young) girl

فتاء fatā’ youth, adolescence

فتي fatīy youthful, juvenile, adolescent, young

فتية fatīya youthfulness, juvenility

فتوى fatwā pl. فتاو fatāwin, فتاوى fatāwā futwa, formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)

فتيا futyā formal legal opinion (Isl. Law)

فتوة futūwa youth, adolescence; the totality of the noble, chivalrous qualities of a man, noble manliness, magnanimity, generosity, nobleheartedness, chivalry; designation of Islamic brotherhoods of the Middle Ages, governed by chivalrous precepts; name of several youth organizations in Arabic countries; (eg.; pl. -āt) bully, brawler. rowdy, tough; racketeer (eg.)

افتاء iftā’ deliverance of formal legal opinions (Isl. Law); office of mufti (Isl. Law); deliverance of formal opinions, advising, advice, counseling

استفتاء istiftā’ request for a formal legal opinion (Isl. Law); consulting, consultation; referendum, plebiscite, also استفتاء الشعب ist. aš-ša‘b and استفتاء شعبي (ša‘bī)

مفت muftin pl. ·fl" deliverer of formal legal oplnions (Isl. Law); official expounder of Islamic law, mufti | مفتي الديار المصرية (miṣrīya) Grand Mufti of Egypt; سماحة المفتي samāḥat al-m. (title of a mufti) His Eminence the Mufti

فثأ fata’a a (فثء fat’) to quench, still (هـ s.th., hunger, thirst, also fig.)

فج fajja u (fajj): فج رجليه (rijlaihi) to straddle IV to stride, hurry

فج fajj pl. فجاج fijāj way, road between two mountains | من كل فج عميق or من كل فج وصوب (wa-ṣaubin) from all sides, from all directions, from everywhere

فج fijj unripe, green (fruit); blunt, rude (speech)

فجأ faja’a and فجئ faji’a a (فجء faj’, فجأة faj’a, فجاءة fujā’a) and III to come suddenly, descend unexpectedly (ه upon s.o.), confront (ه s.o.) suddenly or unexpectedly, take (ه s.o.) by surprise, surprise (ب ه s.o. with), attack, assail (ه s.o.)

فجأة faj’atan suddenly, unexpectedly, inadvertently, unawares

فجاءة fujā’atan suddenly, unexpectedly, inadvertently, unawares

فجائي fujā’ī sudden, unexpected, surprising

مفاجأة mufāja’a pl. مفاجآت mufāja’āt surprise

فاجئ fāji’ sudden, unexpected, surprising

مفاجئ mufāji’ sudden, unexpected, surprising; pl. مفاجئات surprising events, surprises

فجر fajara u (fajr) to cleave, break up, dig up (هـ e.g., the ground); -- (فجور fujūr) to act immorally, sin, live licentiously, lead a dissolute life, indulge in debauchery; to commit adultery II to create an outlet or passage (هـ for water, and the like), let (هـ water, and the like) flow or pour forth; to split, cleave (هـ s.th.); to explode (هـ s.th.) IV to commit adultery V to gush out, spurt forth, break forth, break out, erupt, burst out VII = V; to go off, discharge, burst; to burst forth; to explode, detonate; to overflow (ب with); to descend suddenly, break in, rush in, swoop down (على upon)

فجر fajr dawn, daybreak, morning twilight; dawn (fig.), beginning, outset, start; (f.) morning prayer (Isl. Law)

فجور fujūr immorality, iniquity, depravation, dissolution, debauchery, licentiousness, profligacy, dissolute life, fornication, whoredom

تفجر tafajjur outbreak, outburst, eruption

انفجار infijār pl. -āt outbreak, outburst, eruption; explosion, detonation | مواد الانفجار mawādd al-inf. explosives

انفجاري infijārī explosive, blasting (adj.)

فاجر fājir pl. فجار fujjār, فجرة fajara libertine, profligate, debauchee, roué, rake; adulterer; liar; insolent, impudent, shameless, brazen

فاجرة fājira pl. فواجر fawājir2 adulteress; whore, harlot

متفجر mutafajjir explosive, blasting (adj.)

منفجر munfajir explosive, blasting (adj.)

فجع faja‘a a (faj‘) to inflict suffering and grief (ه upon s.o.), afflict, distress (ه s.o.); to make miserable (ه s.o., ب by bereaving him of s.o.) | فجع بولده fuji‘a bi-waladihī he was stricken by the death of his eon II to torment, torture, distress, grieve (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to be or become painfully affected, be mentally distressed

فجعة faj‘a gluttony

فجاعة fajā‘a gluttony

فجوع fajū‘ painful, grievous, trying, distressing

فجيعة fajī‘a pl. فجائع fajā’i‘2 misfortune, calamity, disaster

فجعان faj‘ān voracious, insatiable; glutton, ravenous eater

تفجع tafajju‘ agony, mental distress, affliction, suffering, grief

فاجع fāji‘ painful, grievous, trying, distressing

فاجعة fāji‘a pl. فواجع fawāji‘ misfortune, diluter, calamity; catastrophe; drama, tragedy

مفجعات mufajji‘āt horrors, terrors

تفجعن tafaj‘ana to eat greedily, ravenously, be gluttonous

فجعنة faj‘ana gluttony

فجفج fajfaja garrulous, loquacious; thoughtless chatterer, windbag; braggart, boaster, swaggerer

فجل fujl (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فجول fujūl radish (Raphanus sativus L.; bot.)

فجا (فجو ) fajā u (fajw) to open (هـ ه door)

فجوة fajwa pl. fajawāt, فجاء fijā’ opening, aperture, breach, gap, interstice; (horisontal) tombstone

فح faḥḥa u i (faḥḥ, فحيح faḥīḥ) to hiss (snake), whistle (storm)

فحش faḥuša u (fuḥš) to be monstrous; to be excessive, exorbitant; to be detestable, abominable, atrocious, obscene, indecent, foul, shameless, impudent IV to use obscene language; to commit atrocities VI = I and IV

فحش fuḥš monstrosity; abominableness, atrocity; obscenity, indecency; obscene language

فحشاء faḥšā’2 monstrosity, abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery, fornication, whoredom

فحاش faḥḥāš obscene, lewd, shameless in speech or action | تأليف فحاش pornography

تفاحش tafāḥuš monstrosity, abominableness

فاحش fāḥiš monstrous; immoderate, excessive, exorbitant, absurd, preposterous, nonsensical; detestable, loathsome, abominable, atrocious, repugnant, disgusting; dirty, foul, vile, indecent, obscene; shameless, impudent

فاحشة fāḥiša harlot, whore, prostitute; -- (pl. فواحش fawāḥiš2) monstrosity, abomination, atrocity, vile deed, crime; adultery, fornication, whoredom

مفحشة mufḥiša harlot, whore

فحص faḥaṣa a (faḥṣ) to scratch up (هـ the ground); to examine (ه s.o., also medically, هـ s.th.), test (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), investigate (هـ s.th.), scrutinize (هـ , s.o., s.th.); to search (عن for), inquire (عن about, into s.th.), seek information (عن about) V to search (عن for), inquire (عن about, into s.th.), seek information (عن about); to examine (هـ s.th., ه s.o., medically)

فحص faḥš pl. فحوص fuḥūš test; examination (in general, school, medical); (medical) checkup; investigation, scrutiny; search, inquiry

افحوص ufḥūṣ pl. افاحيص afāḥīṣ2 dugout hollow in the ground in which a bird lays ito eggs, nesting place, breeding place

فحل X to become dreadful, terrible, momentous, serious, difficult (على for s.o.; affair), to get out of control, become excessive, become irreparable (damage)

فحل faḥl pl. فحول fuḥūl, فحولة fuḥūla male (of large animals), stallion; outstanding personality, luminary, star, master; a paragon (of) | الشعراء الفحول (šu‘arā’) the master poets

فحولة fuḥūla excellence, perfection

استفحال istifḥāl dreadfulness, terribleness, gravity, seriousness; difficulty

مستفحل mustafḥil dreadful, terrible; grave, serious; difficult; overwhelming, overpowerful, rampant, spreading dangerously

فحم faḥuma u (فحوم fuḥūm, فحومة fuḥūma) to be or become black; -- faḥama a (faḥm) to be dumfounded, nonplused, unable to answer II to blacken (with charcoal), make black (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.); to char, carbonize, reduce to charcoal (هـ s.th.) IV to dumfound, nonplus, strike dumb (ه s.o.); to silence (ه s.o.) with arguments; to put (ه s.o.) off brusquely, give s.o. (ه ) the brush-off

فحم faḥm (coll.; n. un. ة ) charcoal(s); coal(s); pl. فحومات fuḥūmāt coals, brands of coal | فحم حجري (ḥajarī) soft coal, bituminous coal; فحم حطب ḥaṭab charcoal; فحم قوالب briquettes; فحم كوك (kōk) coke

فحمة faḥma pl. faḥamāt lump of coal | فحمة الليل f. al-lail deep-black night; -- (pl. فحام fiḥām, فحوم fuḥūm) blackness

فحمي faḥmī black, coal-black

فحيم faḥīm black

فحام faḥḥām coal merchant, coal dealer; collier, miner

فاحم fāḥim black | اسود فاحم aswad or فاحم السواد f. as-sawād coal, black, pitch, black, jet-black

فحوى faḥwā or فحواه faḥwā2 sense, meaning, signification, import; purport, tenor (of a letter, of a speech, etc.)

فخ fakk pl. فخاخ fakkāk, فخوخ fukūk: trap, snare

فخت fakata a (fakt) to perforate, pierce (هـ s.th.)

فخذ fakid, fakd, fikd f., pl. افخاذ afkād thigh; leg (of mutton, etc.); (m.) subdivision of a tribe

فخذة fakda leg (of mutton, etc.)

فخذي fakidī, fakdī femoral

فخر fakara a (fakr, fakar, فخار fakār) to glory (ب in), boast (ب of s.th.), brag (ب of). vaunt (ب s.th.); to pride o.s. (ب upon), be proud (ب of); -- fakira a (falfa,) to despise, disdain III to vie in glory (ه with s.o.); to be proud (ب of), pride o.s. (ب upon), boast (ب ه before s.o. of) V to be proud, haughty VI and VIII = I fakara X to find (هـ s.th.) excellent

فخر fakr glory, pride; honor; vainglorious poetry (as a literary genre) | غير فخر gaira fakrin or ولا فخر wa-lā fakra I say this without boasting

فخري fakrī honorary, honoris causa

فخرة fukra glory, pride

فخار fakār glory, pride

فخور fakūr vainglorious, boastful, bragging; proud (ب of)

فخير fakīr boasting, bragging, swaggering, boastful

فخار fakkār (fired) clay; earthenware, crockery, pottery

فخاري fakkārī potter’s earthen; potter

فاخورة fākūra pottery, earthenware manufactory

فاخوري fākūrī potter

افخر afkar2 more splendid, more magnificent

مفخرة mafkara pl. مفاخر mafākir2 object of pride, s.th. to bout of; glorious deed, exploit, feat; glorious trait or quality

مفاخرة mufākara boasting, bragging, vainglory, pride

تفاخر tafākur boasting, bragging, vainglory

افتخار iftikār pride, vainglory, boasting, bragging

فاخر fākir proud, vainglorious, boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent, first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb, glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe

مفاخر mufākir boastful, vainglorious, proud

مفتخر muftakir proud, vainglorious, boastful, bragging; outstanding, excellent, first-rate, perfect, splendid, superb, glorious, magnificent; sumptuous, de luxe

فخفخ fakfaka to be boastful, vainglorious; to boast, brag

فخفخة fakfaka ostentation, showiness, pageantry, pomp

فخم fakuma u (فخامة fakāma) to be stately, imposing, splendid, magnificent, grand II to intensify (هـ s.th.); to honor, treat with respect (ه s.o.), show deference (ه to); to pronounce emphatically, make emphatic (هـ a consonant)

فخم fakm stately, imposing, splendid, superb, magnificent, grand, grandiose

فخامة fakāma stateliness, imposingness, imposing appearance; splendor, magnificence, eminence, high rank; title of the head of a nonmonarchic state; title of honor given to high-ranking foreign dignitaries, approx.: Highness, Excellency, = صاحب الفخامة | فخامة الدولة f. ad-daula title of the President of the Republic (Syr., Leb.); فخامة رئيس الدولة do. (Syr., Leb.); فخامة الرئيس f. ar-ra’īs title of a foreign head of state, approx.: His Excellency, the President; فخامة المعتمد السامي f. al-mu‘tamad as-sāmī His Excellency, the High Commissioner

تفخيم tafkīm emphatic or velarized pronunciation of a consonant (phon.) | آلة التفخيم amplifier (radio)

مفخم mufakkam honored | الحروف المفخمة the emphatics (phon.)

فدح fadaḥa a (fadḥ) to oppress, burden (ه s.o.), weigh (ه upon s.o.) X to regard (هـ s.th.) as a heavy burden, as painful

فداحة fadāḥa oppressiveness, burdensomeness

افدح afdaḥa2 more oppressive, more burdensome, more serious, heavier

فادح fādiḥ burdensome, oppressive; grave, serious (mistake), heavy (loss), bad (physical defect)

فادحة fādiḥa pl. فوادح fawādiḥ misfortune, calamity

فدخ fadaka a (fadk) to break, smash (هـ s.th.)

فدر fadar pl. فدور fudūr chamois

فدفد fadfad pl. فدافد fadāfid2 wasteland, tract of desert land, desert

فدم fadama i to seal (هـ the mouth, an aperture)

فدم fadm pl. فدام fidām clumsy in speech; heavy-witted, sluggish, dull, stupid

فدن II to fatten, stall-feed (هـ s.th.)

فدان faddān pl. فدادين fadādīn2 yoke of oxen; (pl. افدنة afdina) feddan, a square measure (Eg. = 4200.833 m2)

فادن fādin pl. فوادن fawādin2 plummet, plumb bob

فدى fadā i (fidan, فداء fidā’) to redeem, ransom (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with or by); to sacrifice (ب ه for s.o. s.th.) III to sacrifice, offer up (ب s.th.) VI to beware (من of), guard (من against), get away, keep away (من or هـ from); to get rid (من or هـ of); to prevent, obviate, avert, avoid (من or هـ s.th.) VIII = I; to obtain (هـ s.th.) by sacrificing s.th. else (ب ); to redeem o.s., ransom o.s. (ب with or by); to free o.s. (من from) | افتداه بالنفس to sacrifice o.s. for s.o. or s.th., risk life and property for s.o. or s.th.

فدى fidan, fadan redemption, ransoming; ransom; sacrifice (with foll. genit.: for s.th., to save or liberate s.o. or s.th.) | جعلت فداك (ju‘iltu) (lit.: may I be made your ransom, i.e.) oh, could I but sacrifice myself for you! مات فدى للوطن (waṭan) he died for his country

فدية fidya pl. فديات fidayāt, فدى fidan ransom; redemption (from the omission of certain religious duties, by a material donation or a ritual act; Isl. Law)

فداء fidā’ redemption, ransoming; ransom; price (one has to pay for s.th.), sacrifice (one makes for s.th.) | جعل كل شيء فداءه (fidā’ahū) he sacrificed or gave up everything for it

فدائي fidā’ī one who sacrifices himself (esp., for his country); esp. pl. فدائيون fighters who risk their lives recklessly, soldiers prepared to sacrifice their lives; fedayeen, commandos, shock troops (Eg.)

فدائية fidā’īya spirit of self-sacrifice

مفاداة mufādāh sacrifice

فاد fādin redeemer

مفدي mafdīy (prop., object of self-sacrifice) following the name of a king, also after وطن waṭan, عرش ‘arš, and the like, approx.: dearly beloved, dear

فذ fadd pl. افذاذ afdād, فذوذ fudūd alone, only, sole, single; singular, unique; uncommon, unusual, infrequent; pl. افذاذ extraordinary people

فذلكة fadlaka brief summary, résumé, survey, outline, abstract, epitome

فر farra i (farr, فرار firār, مفر mafarr) to flee, run away, run off, escape (من from) | فر هاربا (hāriban) to flee, take to one’s heels IV to put (ه s.o.) to flight VIII to open up or part (عن so that s.th. becomes visible); to bare, show (عن the teeth when smiling), reveal (عن s.th.); to shimmer, gleam

فرار firār flight

فرار furār: عينه فراره ‘ainuhū furāruhū (firāruhū) his outward appearance bespeaks his inner worth; you need only look at him to know what to think of him

فرار farrār fugitive, runaway, escaped; a fugitive, a runaway; deserter, defector; quicksilver, mercury

فريرة furrēra teetotum (eg.)

مفر mafarr flight, escape | لا مفر منه (mafarra) unavoidable, inevitable

فار fārr pl. -ūn, فارة fārra fugitive, fleeing; a fugitive

فرأ fara’ pl. افراء afrā’ wild ass, onager

فراء farā’ wild ass, onager | كل الصيد في جوف الفراء kullu ṣaidin fī jaufi l-f. there are all kind, of game in the belly of the wild ass (proverbially of s.o. or s.th. that combine. all good qualities and advantages and makes everything else dispensable)

فراك (Fr. frac) firāk, frāk pl. -āt swallow-tailed coat, full dress, tails

فراولة faraula (from It. fragola) strawberry (eg.)

الفرات al-furāt the Euphrates; فرات sweet (water)

فرتيكة furtīka clasp, buckle (eg.)

فرج faraja i (farj) and II to open, part, separate, cleave, split, gap, breach (هـ s.th.), make an opening, gap or breach (هـ in); to dispel, drive away (هـ s.th., e.g., grief, worried; to comfort, solace, relieve (عن s.o.) II to show (على ه to s.o. s.th.) IV to leave (عن a place); to free, liberate, let free (عن s.o.), release (عن s.o., s.th.) V to be opened عن , be separated, be cleft, be split; to part, divide, move apart (e.g., a crowd so as to let s.o. pass; to be dispelled (grief, sorrow); to derive comfort (في or على from the light of), take pleasure, delight (في or على in looking at); to regard, view, observe, watch, inspect (على s.o., s.th.), look (على at s.o., at s.th.) VII to be opened, be separated, be cleft, be split; to open or part widely, widen, diverge, split open, gape, yawn; to open (عن so that s.th. becomes visible); to show, reveal (عن s.th.); to relax, become relaxed (features; crisis); to be dispelled, be driven away (grief, sorrow); to become gay

فرج farj pl. فروج furūj opening, aperture, gap, breach; pudendum of the female, vulva

فرج faraj freedom from grief or sorrow, release from suffering; joy; relaxation; relief, ease, repose, pleasure, comfort; happy ending

فرجة furja state of happiness (esp. after suffering); pleasure, delight; -- (pl. فرج ) opening, aperture, gap, breach, hole; onlooking, watching, inspection, viewing; sight, spectacle

فروج farrūj (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فراريج frārīj2 chick, young chicken, pullet

فرارجي (eg.) farargī seller of chicken, poulterer

مفرج mafraj pl. مفارج mafārij2 relief, relaxation; denouement, happy ending

افراج ifrāj freeing, liberation; release (عن of s.o., of s.th.), unblocking (عن e.g., of assets), decontrol (عن e.g., of rationed foodstuffs, etc.)

تفرج tafarruj inspection, viewing, regarding; watching, observation

انفراج infirāj relaxedness, relaxation

متفرج mutafarrij pl. -ūn viewer, watcher, observer, spectator, onlooker

منفرج munfarij opened wide, wide-open; relaxed; gay, merry | زاوية منفرجة (zāwiya) obtuse angle (geom.)

فرجار firjār compass, dividers

فرجون firjaun currycomb, brush

فرح fariḥa a (faraḥ) to be glad, happy, delighted, rejoice (ل, ب at), be gay, merry, cheerful (ل, ب about, over) II to gladden, delight, cheer, exhilarate, make merry, happy, gay (ه s.o.)

فرح faraḥ joy, gladness, glee, gaiety, hilarity, mirth, exhilaration, merriment, happiness; wedding; pl. افراح afrāḥ feast of rejoicing, celebration, festival, festivity; wedding (feast) | ردهة الأفراح radhat al-a. banquet hall, ball-room

فرحة farḥa joy

فرح fariḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy

فرحان farḥān2 merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy

مفارح mafāriḥ2 feasts of rejoicing, joyous events

تفريح tafrīḥ exhilaration, amusement

فارح fāriḥ merry, gay, cheerful, joyful, glad, delighted, happy

مفرح mufriḥ gladdening, cheering, exhilarating, joyous, delightful

فرخ II to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs); to hatch, incubate (هـ s.th.); to germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree); to spread, gain ground IV to have young ones (bird); to hatch (said of eggs); to hatch. incubate (هـ s.th.); to germinate, sprout, put out new shoots (of a tree) | افرخ روعه (rau‘uhū) fear left him

فرخ fark pl. افراخ afrāk فروخ furūk, فرخ firāk, فرخان firkān young bird; shoot, spout (of a plant, of a tree) | فرخ ورق f. waraq (eg.) sheet of paper

فرخة farka pl. فراخ firāk young female bird; hen | فرخ رومي (rūmī) (eg.) turkey hen

فراخ firāk (pl. of فرخ ) poultry, domestic fowls

فرخ tafrīk hatching, incubation | آلة التفريخ incubator

فرد farada and faruda u (فرود furūd) to be single, be alone; to be singular, be unique; -- farada u (فرود furūd) to withdraw, retire, segregate (عن from); -- farada i (eg.) to spread, spread out, extend, stretch (هـ s.th.); to unfold (هـ s.th.) IV to set aside, separate, segregate, isolate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to single out. assign especially (ب or ل هـ s.th. for), devote (ب or ل هـ s.th. to s.th. else) V to be alone; to do alone, perform single-handedly (ب s.th.); to possess alone (ب s.th.); to be matchless, be unique VII = V; to stand alone, b. without parallel (في or ب with or in s.th.); to withdraw, segregate, walk away (عن from); to be isolated (عن from) X to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) singular, unique or isolated; to isolate (هـ s.th., chem.)

فرد fard pl. افراد afrād, فرادى furādā alone, single; sole, only; solitary, lone, lonely; singular, unique, matchless, unrivaled, peerless, incomparable; one, a single one, a single thing, a single person, individual; odd, uneven (number); الفرد epithet of the month of Rajab; (pl. فراد firād) one, one of a couple, one of a pair; (pl. فرود furūd, فرودة furūda) pistol; -- singular (gram.) | فردا فردا fardan) singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the other

فردة farda one part, one half, one of a pair

فردى fardī single, solitary; single- (in compounds); pertaining to a single person; one-man (in compounds); solo (adj.); singles (tennis); individual, personal; individualist; odd, uneven (numbr)

فردية fardīya individuality, individualism

فريد farīd alone, lone, lonely, solitary; singular, unique, matchless, peerless, unrivaled, incomparable; (with foll. genit.) especially endowed with | فريد في بابه unique of its kind

فريدة farīda pl. فرائد farā’d2 precious pearl, precious gem, solitaire; (eg.) quire (of paper)

فرادا furādan singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the other

فرادى furādā singly, separately, one by one, one at a time, one after the other

تفريدي tafrīdī detailed, itemized

انفراد infirād solitude, loneness, loneliness; isolation, seclusion | على الانفراد alone, apart, isolatedly, in solitude, in seclusion; singly, by o.s.; confidentially; الانفراد بالسلطة (sulṭa) autocracy

انفرادي infirādī individual; individualistic; autocratic; isolationistic, tending to isolation

مفرد mufrad single, solitary, lone, detached, isolated; (gram.) simple, consisting of only one word (expression); being in the singular; singular (gram.); (pl. -āt) vocable, word; pl. words, terms, names, expressions (of a scientific field); details | مفردات خاصة (kāṣṣa) technical terms, terminology; بمفرده by o.s., alone, apart, singly, isolatedly, in solitude, in seclusion, solitarily; بالمفردات in detail; by retail

منفرد munfarid isolated, detached, separated; lone, solitary, alone; solo (adj.; also mus.)

2 فردة firda (<فرضة furḍa) pl. فرد firad tax, head tax, poll tax

الفردوس al-firdaus f., pl. فراديس farādīs2 Paradise

فردوسي firdausī paradisiacal, heavenly

1 فرز faraza i (farz) and IV to set apart, separate, detach, isolate (هـ s.th.); to secrete, excrete, discharge (هـ s.th.; physiol.); to sort, sift, classify (هـ s.th.); to examine (هـ s.th.), screen (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), muster (ه s.o.); to select, pick out (هـ s.th.); to distinguish, discriminate, differentiate (من هـ s.th. from)

فرز farz separation, detachment, isolation; secretion, excretion, discharge; sorting, sifting; mustering, muster, screening, examination; selection, selecting | فرز عسكري (‘askarī) pre-induction examination (mil.)

فرازة farrāza: O فرازة آلية (‘ā1īya ) seed separator, seed-screening apparatus

مفرزة mafraza pl. مفارز mafāriz2 group, detachment, party, troop, band

افراز ifrāz pl. -āt secretion, excretion, exudation, discharge, expectoration (physiol.) | قسمة افراز qismat i. partition in kind (Isl. Law)

O فارزة fāriza comma

مفرزات mufrazāt secretions, excretions, exudations (physiol.) | المفرزات الداخلية (dākilīya) internal secretions, endocrines

2 فريز pl. افرزة = افريز

3 فيروز , فاروز and فيروزج look up alphabetically

4 افريز pl. افاريز look up alphabetically

فرزان II tafarzana to queen, become a queen (of a pawn; in chess)

فرزان firzān pl. فرازين farāzīn 2 queen (in chess)

1 فرس farasa i (fars) to kill, tear (هـ its prey, of a predatory animal) V to regard searchingly, eye, scrutinize (هـ, ه or في s.o., s.th.), look firmly (هـ, ه or في at s.o., at s.th.); to recognize, detect (هـ a quality, في in s.o.) VIII = I; to ravish, rape (ها a woman)

فرس faras m. and f., pl. افراس afrās horse, mare; knight (chess) | فرس البحر f. al-baḥr hippopotamus; فرس الرهان race horse; الفرس الأعظم PegaSus (astron.)

فراسة farāsa horsemanship, equitation

فراسة firāsa perspicacity, acumen, discernment, discrimination, minute observation; keen eye (esp. for traits of character); intuitive knowledge of human nature | علم الفراسة ‘ilm al-f. physiognomy; فراسة اليد f. al-yad chiromancy, palmistry

فريسة farīsa pl. فرائس farā’is2 prey (of a wild animal)

فريسي farīsī, فرسي Pharisee

فروسة furūsa horsemanship, equitation; chivalry, knighthood,

فروسية furūsīya horsemanship, equitation; chivalry, knighthood; heroism, valor

فارس fāris pl. فرسان fursān, فوارس fawāris2 horseman, rider; knight, cavalier; hero; pl. cavalry | لست من فرسان ذلك الميدان (lastu, maidān) I am unfamiliar with this field, I am not competent in this field

فارسة fārisa pl. -āt horsewoman; mounted female warrior, Amazon

مفترس muftaris rapacious, ravenous (animal) | حيوان مفترس (ḥayawān) predatory animal, beast of prey

2 الفرس al-fursān the Persians; Persia, also بلاد الفرس

فارس fāris, also بلاد فارس Persia

فارسي fārisī Persian (adj. and n.)

فرسي visāy Versailles

فرسخ farsak pl. فراسخ farāsik2 a measure of length, parasang

فرسوفيا varōviyā Warsaw (capital of Poland)

فرش faraša u (farš, فراش firāš) to spread, spread out (هـ s.th.); -- faraša u i (farš) to pave, cover (هـ the ground, floor, path, room, etc., ب with) II to cover (هـ the floor, etc., ب with); to furnish, provide with furniture (هـ ..th.); to tile, pave (هـ s.th.) VIII to spread, spread out (هـ s.th.); to lie down, stretch out, sprawl (هـ on s.th.); to sleep (ها with a woman) | افترش لسانه (lisānahū) to give one’s tongue free rein

فرش farš pl. فروش furūš furnishing; furniture, household effects; mat, rug, carpet; anything spread on the ground as bedding; foundation (arch.)

فرشة farša bed; mattress

فراش farāš wheel (of a mill); (coll.; n. un. ة ) moths; butterflies

فراشة farāša (n. un.) moth; butterfly; flighty, fickle person

فراش firāš pl. فرش furuš, افرشة afriša cushion, pillow; blanket, cover, spread; mattress; bed

فراش farrāš one who spreads the carpets; servant, attendant; house servant, valet; office boy, errand boy

مفرش mifraš pl. مفارش mafāriš2 tablecloth, table cover, cover (in general); bedspread, counterpane

مفرشة mifraša pl. مفارش mafāriš2 saddle blanket

مفروش mafrūš covered (ب with); furnished; مفروشات mafrūšāt furniture, household effects

2 فرش II to brush (هـ s.th.)

فرشة furša pl. فرش furaš brush; paintbrush | فرشة البودرة powder puff; فرشة اسنان f. asnān toothbrush

فرشاة furšāh brush; paintbrush

فرشاية furšāya (syr.) brush

فرشح faršaḥ (فرشحة faršaḥa) to straddle, stand with one’s legs apart

فرشخ faršaka = فرشح faršaḥa

فرشينة (It. forcina) furšīna pl. -āt hairpin

فرص II to make holidays

فرصة furṣa pl. فرص furaṣ opportunity, chance, auspicious moment; holidays, vacation | فرصة من الزمن (furṣatan, zaman) for a short time, briefly; انتهز الفرصة (intahaza) to seize the opportunity, avail o.s. or take advantage of the opportunity

فريصة farīṣa pl. فرائص farā’iṣ2 flesh or muscle beneath the shoulder-blades | فريصته or ارتعدت فرائصه (irta‘adat) violent fear or excitement seized him

مفرص mufarriṣ holiday-maker, vacationist, tourist

فرصاد firṣād mulberry; mulberry tree

فرض faraḍa i (farḍ) to decide, determine; to decree, order, ordain (هـ s.th.); to appoint, assign, apportion, allocate (هـ ل to s.o. s.th., money, and the like); to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (هـ على upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (هـ على to s.o. s.th.); to impose (الحصار blockade, على on); to assume, presume, suppose, presuppose, postulate (هـ s.th., ان that) | فرض ارادته عليه (irādatahū) to force one’s will on s.o. II to notch (هـ s.th.), make incisions (هـ in s.th.) VIII to impose, enjoin, make incumbent (هـ على upon s.o. s.th.), prescribe (هـ على to s.o. s.th.); to decree, order (هـ s.th.); to assume, suppose (هـ s.th., ان that)

فرض farḍ pl. فروض furūḍ notch, incision; duty, precept, injunction, order, decree, ordinance, command; religious duty (Isl. Law); statutory portion, lawful shore (Isl. Law); assumption, supposition, presupposition, premise, postulate, hypothesis | فروض التحية f. at-taḥīya prescribed forms of salutations; فرض عين f. ‘ain individual duty (Isl. Law); فرض كفاية collective duty (Isl. Law); على فرض on the premise of …; على فرض ان on the assumption that, with the understanding that ..., supposing that ...

فرضي farḍī hypothetic(al), suppositional, conjectural, assumed without proof

فرضية farḍīya hypothesis

فرضة furḍa pl. فرض furaḍ notch, incision; opening, gap, crevice, crack; seaport, river harbor, small port town

فريضة farīḍa pl. فرائض farā’ḍ2 religious duty (Isl. Law); divine precept, ordinance of God (Isl. Law); obligatory prayer (Isl. Law); pl. distributive shares in estate (Isl. Law) | فريضة الجمعة f. al-jum‘a the obligatory divine service on Friday (Isl. Law); ذو الفرائض dawū l-f. the “Koranic heirs”, i.e., those entitled to a statutory portion in estate according to sura lV, 12ff . (Isl. Law); علم الفرائض ‘ilm al-f. law of descent and distribution

افتراض iftirāḍ assumption, supposition, presupposition, premise, postulate, hypothesis

افتراضي iftirāḍī hypothetic(al)

فارض fāriḍ old, advanced in years

مفروض mafrūḍ supposed, assumed, premised; pl. مفروضات duties, obligations

فرط farata u to precede (ه s.o.); to escape inadvertently, slip (من s.o.’s tongue; of words); to escape (من s.o.), get lost (من on s.o.); to happen (inadvertently) (من to s.o., faux pas, etc.); to neglect (في s.th.), be lax, be remiss (في with regard to); to strip off (هـ fruits) | فرط منه الشيء (šai’u) he missed the thing, lost it II to leave, abandon, forsake, give up (ه s.o., في or ,. s.th.), renounce, waive (في or هـ s.th.); to separate (ه or عن from), part (ه or عن with); to neglect (في s.th.), be lax, be remiss (في with regard to); to exceed the proper bounds, go too far, be excessive (في in), exaggerate, overdo (في s.th.); to waste, squander (في s.th.) IV to exceed the proper bounds, go too far, be excessive (في in), exaggerate, overdo, abuse (في s.th.) VII to be stripped off, be loosened, become detached (من from); to be dissolved, dissolve, break up | انفرط عقدهم (‘aqduhum) they broke up, they parted company, they dissolved

فرط farṭ excess, immoderation, exaggeration; (with foll. abstract noun) hyper- (in compounds)

فرط faraṭ (eg.) interest (on money, capital, etc.)

فراطة furāṭa small change, coins

تفريط tafrīṭ negligence, neglect

افراط afrāṭ excess, immoderation, exaggeration

فارط fāriṭ elapsed, bygone, put, last, e.g., يوم الأحد الفارط (yaum al-aḥad) last Sunday

مفرط mufarril prodigal, wasteful, squandering; wastrel, spendthrift, prodigal, squanderer

مفرط mufriṭ exaggerated, excessive

فرطح farṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten (هـ s.th.)

مفرطح mufarṭaḥ broad; flattened, flat, oblate; fat and flabby, bloated

فرع fara‘a a (far‘, فرع furū‘) to surpass, outstrip (ه s.o.); to excel (ه s.o.) II to put forth branches, to branch; to derive, deduce (من هـ s.h. from) V to branch out, ramify, become ramified, spread in all directions; to divide, fork, bifurcate (road, pipeline); to branch off VIII to de1lower

فرع far‘ pl. فروع furū‘, افرع afru‘ twig, branch. bough, limb, (also coll.) branches, twigs; derivative; section, subdivision; branch office, subsidiary establishment, branch; branch line, feeder line; branch wire, feed wire (el.) | الفروع or علم الفروع ‘ilm al-f. the doctrine of the branches, i.e., applied fiqh, applied ethics (consisting in the systematic elaboration of canonical law in Islam); شرعا وفرعا šar‘an wa-far‘an with full right, with good cause, justly

فرعي fa‘ī branch, subsidiary, tributary, sub-, side (in compounds); subdivisional; secondary

افرع afra‘2, f. فرعاء far‘ā’ tall, slender

تفرع tafarru‘ many-sidedness, versatility; (pl. -āt) ramification; pl. secondary things, concomitant circumstances, minor factors

فارع fāri‘ tall, lofty, towering; high-grown, slender, slim; beautiful, handsome, pretty | فارع الطول f. aṭ-ṯūl tall, high-grown; فارع القامة tall and slender

مفرع mufarra‘ ramified, branching

متفرعات mutafarri‘āt secondary things, concomitant circumstances, minor factors

فرعون fir‘aun pl. فراعنة farā‘ina Pharaoh

فرغ faraga u and fariga a (فروغ furūg, فراغ farāg) to be empty, be void; to be vacant; to be exhausted, be used up; to be rid (من of s.o.), be done, be finished (من with); to finish, terminate, conclude, close, wind up, finish off, settle, complete, bring to an end (من s.th.); to devote o.s. apply o.s. attend, tend (الى or ل to s.o. to s.th.), occupy o.s. (الى or ل with) | فرغ الى نفسه to collect one’s thoughts II to empty, void, vacate, evacuate, discharge (هـ s.th.); to unload (هـ a cargo); to pour out (هـ s.th.) IV to empty, void, vacate, evacuate (هـ s.th.); to pour out (على هـ s.th. over. في into); to unload (هـ s.th., e.g., from a ship) | افرغه في قالب (qālab) to mold s.th. (fig.); (مجهوده or) افرغ جهده (jahdahū) to exert o.s. to the utmost, make every effort (في in), do one’s best V to be free from work. be unoccupied, be idle, have leisure; to be free, disengage o.s. (الى or ل for some work), occupy o.s. exclusively (الى or ل with), devote o.s., apply o.s., attend (الى or ل to) X to empty (هـ a bowl, and the like); to vomit | استفرغ مجهوده to exert o.s. to the utmost. make every effort (في in), apply every ounce of strength (في to), do one’s best

فرغ farg empty, void; vacant

فراغ farāg void, vacuity, vacancy, vacuum, empty space; gap; space (ل for s.o., for s.th.); cession (of things which are not transferable as a property, but transferable as a possession; (Isl. Law); leisure, sparetime

فراغي farāgī vacuum (adj.)

فروغ furūg emptiness, voidness, vacuity; vacancy, unocoupiedness; termination, expiration, exhaustion | فروغ الصبر f. aṣ-ṣabr impatience

افرغ afrag2 emptier

تفريغ tafrīg emptying, vacating, evacuation; discharge; unloading (of a cargo)

افراغ ifrāg emptying, vacating, evacuation; pouring out

استفراغ istifrāg emptying, voiding, vacating, evacuation; vomiting

فارغ fārig pl. فراغ furrāg empty, void; vacant; unoccupied, not busy, idle, leisurely; inane, vacuous, idle, useless; -- tare (com.) | بالفارغ in the void (of the target) = in the bull’s-eye; بفارغ الصبر bi-f. iṣ-ṣabr impatiently

مفروغ منه mafrūg minh finished, settled (question, problem, and the like); exhausted (topic, and the like)

مفرغ mufarrig emptying; creating a vacuum | O آلة مفرغة vacuum pump

مفرغ mufarrag emptied, vacated, exhausted of air, vacuum (adj.); hollow

مفرغ mufrag cast (in a mold) | حلقة مفرغة (ḥalqa) seamless ring; vicious circle, circulus vitiosus

1 فرفر farfara to shake itself (of animals, esp. of a bird)

فرفر farfar small bird

فرفور furfūr small bird

2 فرفوري farfūrī = فغفوري fine porcelain

3 فرفير firfīr purple, purpure

فرفش farfaša: فرفش نفسه (eg.) to recover, pick up, revive

فرفشة farfaša (eg.) ease, comfort, convenience, leisure

فرفير firfīr purple, purpure

فرق faraqa u (farq, فرقان furqān to separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (هـ s.th.); to make a distinction (بين between), distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (بين between); فرق (farq) to part (هـ the hair); fariqa a (faraq) to be terrified, be dismayed; to be afraid (من of) II to separate, part, divide, sever, sunder (هـ s.th.); to strew about, scatter, disperse (هـ s.th.); to make a distinction (بين between), distinguish, differentiate (بين between; عن ه s.o. from); to distribute (في or على هـ s.th. to, among); to frighten, scare, daunt, terrify, horrify (ه s.o.) | فرق تسد farriq tasud divide and rule! divide et impera! III to separate o.s. disengage o.s., withdraw, depart (هـ, ه from s.o., from s.th.), part (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.), leave, quit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) V to be or become separated, split, disunited, divided, scattered, dispersed, separate, part, divide, scatter, disperse, dissolve, break up VII to be or become separated, disunited, divided, separate o.s., disengage o.s. (عن from), part (عن with) VIII = V | افترق طرائق قددا (ṭarā’iqa qidadan) to split into many parts or groups, become divided

فرق farq separation, severance, sunderance, division, partition; differentiation, distinction, discrimination; parting (of the hair); -- (pl. فروق furūq) difference, dissimilarity, distinction; small change, coins; pl. cases similar with regard to facts, yet different as to their legal implications (Isl. Law)

فرق firq part, portion, division, section, unit; band, company, party, detachment, troop, group; herd, flock

فرق faraq fear, fright, terror

فرق fariq fearful, timid, timorous, cowardly, craven

فرقة firqa pl. فرق firaq part, portion, division, section, unit; band, company, party, detachment, troop, group; class; grade, class (in school); pupils or students of a course; troupe, ensemble; team, crew; division (mil.); sect | الفرقة اللأجنبية (ajnabīya) the Foreign Legion; الفرقة الخامسة the fifth column; فرقة مصفحة (muṣaffaḥa) armored division; فرقة المطافئ (or الأطفاء ) f. al-maṭāfi2 (or al-iṭfā’) fire department, fire brigade; فرقة الإعدام f. al-i‘dām firing squad; فرقة استعراضية (isti‘rāḍīya) show troupe, revue troupe; فرقة موسيقية (mūsīqīya) orchestra; فرقة موسيقى f. mūsīqā (military) band

فرقة furqa separatedness, separation, disunion

فريق farīq pl. فروق furūq, افرقة afriqa, افرقاء afriqā2 band, company, troop, detachment, unit; party; faction; team (sports); - a military and naval rank, approx.: lieutenant general (Eg.), vice admiral (Eg.) | فريق اول (awwal) lieutenant general (Ir.); فريق ثان (tānin) major general (Ir.)

فروق farūq very fearful, timid, timorous, cowardly, craven; --Constantinople

فاروق fārūq very timorous; الفاروق he who distinguishes truth from falsehood (epithet of the2nd Caliph, Omar)

فاروقية fārūqīya “Faruk cap”, winter field cap of the Egyptian Air Force (1939)

فرقان furqān proof, evidence; الفرقان the Koran

مفرق mafraq, mafriq pl. مفارق mafāriq2 crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking, fork, junction, interjunction; road fork, highway intersection, crossroads, also مفرق الطرق m. aṭ-ṭuruq; المفرق al-mafraq or قلعة المفرق qal‘at al-m. Mafrak (city in N Jordan) | مفرق الشعر mafriq aš-ša‘r parting (of the hair)

تفريق tatrīq separation, severance, sunderance, partition, division; dispersion, dispersal, scattering; differentiation, distinction, discrimination; distribution; pl. تفاريق tafārīq2 single, separate parts, detached sections | بالتفريق in detail; in portions; by retail (com.)

تفرقة tafriqa separation, severance, sunderance, partition, division; dispersion, dispersal, scattering; differentiation, distinction, discrimination; distribution | بالتفرقة in detail; in portions; by retail (com.)

مفارقة mufāraqa separation, parting, farewell, leave-taking, departure; difference, dissimilarity, distinction

فراق firāq separation, parting, farewell, leave-taking, departure; difference, dissimilarity, distinction

تفرق tafarruq separation, disunion, division; dispersing, dispersal, scattering; deployment (in the field; mil.)

افتراق iftirāq separation, disunion, division

فارق fāriq distinguishing, differential, distinctive, discriminative, separative; (pl. فوارق fawāriq2) a separating or distinctive factor; distinctive characteristic, criterion; difference, distinction, dissimilarity, disparity | مع بعد الفارق (bu‘d l-f.) in spite of the great difference

مفرق mufarriq distributor, retailer; mailman, postman

مفرق mufarraq retail (adj.) | تاجر المفرق retail merchant, retailer; بالمفرق by retail

متفرق mutafarriq dispersed, scattered; sporadic; متفرقات miscellany, sundries (com.), miscellaneous items

مفترق muftaraq crossing, intersection, bifurcation, forking, fork, junction, interjunction; road fork, highway intersection, crossroads, also مفترق الطرق m. aṭ-ṭuruq

2 فاوريقة pl. فواريق look up alphabetically

3 افريقيا look up alphabetically

4 افريقي pl. افارقة look up alphabetically

فرقد farqad calf; الفرقدان two bright stars of Ursa Minor (β and γ)

فرقع farqa‘a (فرقعة farqa‘a) to pop, crack, burst, explode II tafarqa‘a = I

فرقعة farqa‘a crack, pop, report (of a firearm); explosion, blast

مفرقع mufarqi‘ explosive, blasting (adj.); pl. مفرقعات explosives; firecrackers, fireworks

فرقلة farqilla (eg.) pl. -āt whip with a leather thong, used in driving animals

فرك faraka u (fark) to rob (هـ s.th.) II = I V to be robbed VII = V

فريك farīk rubbed; cooked green wheat

O مفراك mifrāk twirling stick

2 فراك look up alphabetically

فركش farkaša (eg.) to disarrange, dishevel, tangle (هـ s.th.), tousle, muss, tear (hair)

1 فرم farama i (farm) to out into small pieces (هـ meat, tobacco), mince, chop, hash (هـ meat) II = I

مفرمة miframa meat grinder; mincer, mincing machine

مفرمم mafrūm: دخان مفروم (dukān) finely cut tobacco; لحم مفروم (laḥm) chopped meat, hashed meat

2 فرم (It. forma) furma pl. فرم furam mold

فرمان faramān pl. -āt, فرامين farāmīn2 firman; decree, edict; (letter of) safe-conduct, laisser-passer (formerly, in the Ottoman Empire)

فرمبواز (Fr. framboise) frambuwāz raspberry

فرمسون (eg.) firmasōn (from Fr. franc-maçon) Freemason

فرملة farmala pl. فرامت farāmil2 brake (of a wheel, etc.)

فرملجي (eg.) farmalgī pl. -īya brakeman

فرموزا farmōza, formōza Formosa

فرن furn pl. افران afran oven, baking oven

فران farrān baker

فرنج II tafarnaja to become Europeanized, adopt European manners, imitate the Europeans

الإفرنج al-ifranj the Europeans | بلاد الإفرنج Europe

افرنجي ifranjī European; الإفرنجي syphilis

فرنجة firanja2 Land of the Franks, Europe

تفرنج tafarnuj Europeanization, imitation of the Europeans

متفرنج mutafarnij Europeanized

1 فرند firind a sword of exquisite workmanship

2 فرندة faranda, varanda pl. -āt veranda, porch

فرنس farnasa (فرنسة farnasa) to make French, Frenchify, imbue with French culture (هـ s.th.) II tafarnasa to become a Frenchman; to imitate the French

فرنسا faransā (also فرنسة ) France

فرنسي faransī French; (pl. -ūn) Frenchman

فرنساوي faransāwī (also فرنسوي ) French

الفرنسيس al-faransīs the French

الفرنسيسكان al-faransiskān the Franciscans

فرنك (Fr. franc) firank and فرنكة pl. -āt franc

فره farih lively, agile, nimble

فراهة farāha liveliness, agility, nimbleness, swiftness (of an animal); sturdiness

فاره fārih lively, agile, nimble, swift (animal); comely, pretty; sturdy; big

فرو farw (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فراء firā’ furriery, fur(s), skin(s), pelt(s), peltry

فروة farwa (n. un.) fur, pelt; akin, hide | فروة الرأس scalp; ابو فروة abū f. (eg.) chestnut فرى farā i (fary) to split lengthwise, cut lengthwise (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to mince, chop (هـ s.th.); to invent lyingly, fabricate, trump up (على هـ s.th. against) | فرى كذبا (kidban) to fabricate, or invent, a lie (على against) II to split lengthwise, cut lengthwise (هـ s.th.) IV = II; VIII to invent lyingly, fabricate, trump up (على ه s.th. against); to slander, libel, calumniate (على s.o.)

فرية firya pl. فرى firan lie, falsehood, falsity; slander, calumny

فرى farīy: جاء) شيئا فريا or) اتى to do s.th. unheard-of, do an unprecedented thing

مفراة mifrāh (eg.) (= مفرمة ) meat grinder; mincer, mincing machine

افتراء iftirā’ lie, falsehood, falsity; slander, calumny

مفتر muftarin slanderer, calumniator

مفتريات muftarayāt lies, falsities; calumnies

فريز farīz pl. افرزة afriza = افريز ifrīz (look up alphabetically)

فز fazza i (fazz) to jump up, start, bolt; to be or become frightened, terrified, dismayed, startled; to frighten, alarm, startle (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), scare away (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from) IV to frighten, alarm, startle (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), scare away (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from) V to become restless, restive, uneasy X to fill with unrest or excitement, rouse, agitate, excite, stir up, instigate, incite, egg on, inflame, whip up (ه s.o.), provoke (هـ an incident); to startle (عن ه s.o. out of); to stir up, arouse (من ه s.o. from)

فزة fazza start, jump, bolt, dart

استفزاز istifzāz pl. -āt instigation, agitation, incitement, provocation

استفزازي istifzāzī agitative, instigative, inflammatory, rabble-rousing, provocative, incendiary

فزر lazara u (fazr) to tear, rent, burst (هـ s.th.) V to be torn, be rent, split open, burst VII = V

فزارة fazāra female leopard

فزورة fazūra pl. فوازر fawāzir2 (eg.) riddle, puzzle

فزع fazi‘a a (faza‘) and faza‘a a (faz‘, fiz‘) to be afraid, be scared (من of), be alarmed, frightened, terrified (ل or من by); -- fazi‘a a to take refuge, flee (الى to), seek asylum (الى with) II to strike (ه s.o.) with fear; to frighten, scare, alarm, terrify, dismay, startle (ه s.o.) IV to frighten, startle, terrify, scare (ه s.o.) V to be terrified, startled, dismayed; to be frightened | تفزع من نومه (naumihī) to be roused from one’s sleep

فزع faza‘ pl. افزاع afzā‘ fear, fright, terror, alarm, dismay, anxiety, consternation, panic

فزع fazi‘ frightened, terrified, scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful, timorous

فزعان faz‘ān frightened. terrified, scared, alarmed, startled, dismayed, fearful, timorous

فزاعة fazzā‘a one who inspires fear; scarecrow

مفزع mafza‘ place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary

مفزعة mafza‘a place of refuge, retreat, sanctuary; scarecrow

مفزع mufzi‘ terrible, dreadful, alarming

مفزع mufzi‘ frightened, terrified, alarmed, startled

فستان fustān pl. فساتين fasātīn2 (woman’s) dress, gown, frock

فستق fustuq, fustaq pistachio (bot.)

فسح fasuḥa u (فسحة fusḥa, فساحة fasāḥa) to be or become wide, spacious, roomy; – fasaḥa a (fasḥ) to make room, clear a space (هـ, في in, ل for) II to make wide, make spacious, widen, broaden, extend, expand (هـ s.th.); to make room, clea a space (ل for) | فسح مجالا له (majālan) to make room for s.o., or s.th., give s.o. or s.th. free play or free scope; to open up an opportunity for s.o.; فسح له الطريق to open or pave the way for s.o. or s.th. IV to make room, clear a space (ل for); to clear. open up (هـ s.th., ل for) V to be or become wide, spacious, roomy; to walk, take a walk VII to be or become wide, spacious, roomy; to extend, expand, dilate; to be free, be ample (time) | انفسحت لي الأوقات I had plenty of time

فسحة fusḥa wideness, ampleness, spaciousness, roominess; extensive possibilities, ample opportunities, wide scope for action; (time) margin, enough time (ل for); -- (pl. فسح fusaḥ, -āt) free, open, or empty, space; holidays, vaoation; walk, promenade, stroll, ride, drive, outing, excursion | ما زال في الوقت فسحة (waqt) there is still time

فسحة fusḥa pl. -āt (eg.) anteroom, vestibule, hallway, entrance hall; (eg., also syr.) open space between houses; courtyard

فسيح fasīḥ) pl. فساح fisāḥ wide, ample, spacious, roomy, broad

انفساح infisāḥ wideness, ampleness; extension, expansion, dilation

منفسح munfasaḥ) wideness, ampleness; plane, surface

فسخ fasaka a (fask) to dislocate, disjoint, luxate, put out of joint (هـ a limb); to sever, sunder, tear (هـ s.th.); (jur.) to cancel, abolish, rescind, revoke, abrogate, annul, nullify, invalidate, dissolve, void, vacate (هـ s.th.); -- fasika a (fasak) to lose color; to fade (color) II to tear to pieces, tear apart, lacerate, mangle (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to salt (هـ fish) V to break up into fragments, fall apart, disintegrate VII (jur.) to be canceled, abolished, rescinded, revoked, abrogated, annulled, nullified, invalidated, dissolved, voided, vacated

فسخ fask (jur.) cancellation, abolishment, abolition, rescission, revocation, abrogation, annulment, nullification, invalidation, dissolving, voiding, vacating

فسخي faskī abolitionary, revocatory, abrogative, nullifying

فسخة faska (wood) splinter, chip, sliver

فسيخ fasīk (eg.) small salted fish

متفسخ mutafassik degenerate(d)

فسد fasada u i (فساد fasād, فسود fusūd) to be or become bad, rotten, decayed, putrid, be spoiled; to be or become vicious, wicked, vile, corrupt, depraved, be marred, impaired, corrupted, perverted, vitiated; to be empty, vain, idle, unsound, false, wrong II to spoil, deprave, ruin, corrupt, demoralize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to degrade, abase, sully, tarnish, defile (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV to spoil (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; هـ s.th. على of s.o., e.g., s.o.’s plans, etc.), deprave, corrupt, pervert, demoralize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to mar, distort, devaluate, depreciate, denigrate, degrade (هـ s.th., على for s.o.); to weaken, sap. undermine, upset, ruin, destroy, foil, thwart, frustrate (هـ s.th.); to alienate, estrange (على ه s.o. from another; هـ على s.o. from s.th.), entice away (على s.o., هـ from s.th.); to sow, or stir up, dissension (بين among); to act evilly, wickedly; to cause mischief | افسد عليه امره (amrahū) to play s.o. a dirty trick VII = I

فساد fasād rottenness, spoiledness, corruption, decay, decomposition, putrefaction, putridity; depravity, wickedness, viciousness, iniquity. immorality; weakness; pervertedness, wrongness ; incorrectness, imperfection (of a legal transaction; Isl. Law)

مفسدة mafsada pl. مفاسد mafāsid2 cause of corruption or evil; scandalous deed, heinous act; pl. مفاسد dirty tricks, malicious acts, chicaneries | في المصلحة والمفسدة (maṣlaḥa) in good and bad times, for better or for worse

افساد ifsād thwarting, undermining, sabotaging

فاسد fāsid pl. فسدي fasadī bad, foul, rotten, spoiled, decayed, decomposed, putrid; depraved, corrupt, vicious, wicked, immoral; empty, vain, idle, unsound, false, wrong; imperfect (legal transaction; Isl. Law) | دور فاسد (daur) vicious circle, circulus vitiosus

فسر II to explain, expound, explicate, elucidate, interpret (هـ s.th.), comment (هـ on) V to be explained, interpreted, etc. (see II); to have an explanation (ب in), be explainable (ب with, by) X to ask (ه s.o.) for an explanation (عن of), inquire (عن ه of s.o. about), ask (عن ه s.o. about); to seek an explanation (عن for)

تفسير tafsīr pl. تفاسير tafāsīr2 explanation, exposition, elucidation, explication, interpretation; commentary (esp. one on the Koran)

تفسيري tafsīrī explanatory, explicatory, illustrative

تفسرة tafsira urine specimen (of a patient, for diagnosis)

استفسار istifsār pl. -āt inquiry, question (عن about)

مفسر mufassir commentator

فسطاط fusṭāṭ pl. فساطيط fasāṭīṭ2 (large) tent made of haircloth; tent, pavilion, canopy; الفسطاط al-fusṭāṭ ancient Islamic city south of present-day Cairo

فسطان fusṭān pl. فساطين fasāṭīn2 see فستان

فسفات fusfāt phosphate

فسفر fasfara and II tafasfara to phosphoresce

فسفر fusfur phosphorus

فسفس fasfara (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. فسافس fasāfis2 bedbug

فسفوسة fasfūsa pl. فسافيس fasāfīs2 pustule, pimple

فسيفساء fusaifisā’ mosaic, mosaic work

فسق fasaqa u i (fisq, فسوق fusūq) and fasuqa u to stray from the right course; to stray, deviate (عن from); to act unlawfully, sinfully, immorally, lead a dissolute life; to fornicate (ب with) II (Isl. Law) to declare (ه s.o.) to b. a fāsiq (q.v.)

فسق fisq sinfulness, viciousness, moral depravity, dissolute life | دور الفسق dūr al-f. brothels

فسوق fusūq outrage, iniquity

مفسقة malaaqa pl. مفاسق mafāsiq2 brothel

فاسق fāsiq pl. فساق fussāq, فسقة fasaqa godless, sinful, dissolute, wanton, licentious, profligate, vicious, iniquitous, nefarious; trespasser, offender, sinner; fornicator, adulterer; a person not meeting the legal requirements of righteousness (Isl. Law)

2 فسقية fasqīya, fisqīya pl. -āt, فساقي fasāqīy fountain; well

1 فسل fasl pl. فسول fusūil low, lowly, ignoble; despicable; false, deceitful

فسل lusUIa lowliness; w.akness

فسيلة fasīla pl. فسيل fasīl, فسائل fasā’il2 palm seedling, palm shoot

2 فسولية fasūlīya = فصوليا

فسلجة faslaja physiology

فسلجي faslajī physiologic(al)

(فسو) فسا fasā u (fasw, فساء fusā’) to break wind noiselessly

فاسياء fāsiyā’2 dung beetle

فسولية fasūliya = فصوليا

فسيولوجيا fisiyōlōjiyā physiology

فسيولوجي fisiyōlōjī physiologic(al); physiologist

فش fašša u (fašš) to cause (هـ a swelling, and the like) to subside; to go down, subside (swelling) | فش خلقه (غله) في (kulqahū, gillahū) (eg.) to vent one’s anger on … VII to go down, subside (swelling, and the like)

فشة fišša pl. فشش fišaš (eg., syr.) lung, lights (of animals)

فاشي and فاشية look up alphabetically

فشخ fašaka a (fašk) to straddle; to stride, take large steps

فشخ fašk pl. -āt stride, large step

فشر fašara u to brag, boast, swagger

فشر fašr bragging, swagger, vain

فشار fušār bragging, swagger, vain boasting

فشار fišār (eg.) popcorn

فشار faššār braggart, swaggerer, vain boaster

فشفاش fašfāš (eg.) lung, lights (of animals)

فشك fašak (coll.; n. un. ة ) cartridges | فشك خلبي (kullabī) blank cartridges (Syr.); فشك دخاني (dukānī) smoke cartridges (Syr.)

فشل fašila a (fašal) to lose courage, be or become cowardly or faint-hearted, lose heart, despair; to be disappointed; to fail, he unsuccessful (في in); to miscarry, go wrong, fail n and IV to thwart, foil, frustrate (هـ s.th.) V to fail, be unsuccessful

فشل fašal disappointment, failure, flop, fiasco

فشل fašl, fašil weak, faint-hearted, cowardly, craven

فاشل fāšil failing, unsuccessful, futile, doomed to failure; no good, worthless

(فشو) فشا fašā u (فشو fašw, fušuw, فشي fušīy) to spread, spread about, diffuse, gain ground, make the rounds, circulate; to be revealed, he disclosed, he divulged IV to spread, disseminate, put in circulation (هـ s.th.); to reveal, disclose, divulge (هـ or ب s.th.) V to spread, spread about, gain ground, rage (e.g., a disease)

تفش tafaššin spreading, spread, outbreak

فص II (eg.) to remove the outer shell (هـ of s.th.)

فص faṣṣ pl. فصوص fuṣūṣ stone of a ring; clove (of garlic); segment (of an orange); lobe (anat., bot.); joint; essence | فص ملح f. milḥ (eg.) lump of salt; بنصه وفصه (naṣṣihī) in the very words, ipsissimis verbis, literally, precisely

1 فصح faṣuḥa u (فصاحة faṣāḥa) to be eloquent II to bring (هـ the language) into literary form, make (هـ the language) correct Arabic, purify (هـ the language) IV to express o.s. in flawless literary Arabic; to speak clearly, distinctly, intelligibly; to give expression (عن to), express, state clearly, declare outright, make plain (عن s.th.), speak openly, frankly (عن about); to orient, inform (عن ل s.o. about); to become clear, plain, distinct V to affect eloquence, affect mastery of the language VI = V

فصيح faṣīḥ pl. فصحاء fuṣaḥā’2, فصاح fiṣāḥ, فصح fuṣuḥ pure, good Arabic (language), literary; skillful in using the correct literary language; clear, plain, distinct, intelligible (language, speech); fluent, eloquent

فصاحة faṣāḥa purity of the language; fluency, eloquence

افصح afṣaḥ2, f. فصحى fuṣḥā of purer language; more eloquent |العربية (اللغة) الفصحى (‘arabīya, luga) classical Arabic; الفصحى do.

افصاح ifṣāḥ flawless literary Arabic style; frank statement, open word (عن about), open declaration (عن of)

مفصح mufṣiḥ clear, plain, distinct, intelligible; cloudless, sunny, bright (day)

2 فصح IV to celebrate Easter (Chr.); to celebrate Passover (Jud.)

فصح fiṣḥ, faṣḥ pl. فصوح fuṣūḥ Easter (Chr.); Pesach, Passover (Jud.)

فصد faṣada i (faṣd, فصاد faṣād) to open a vein; to bleed (ه s.o.), perform a venesection (ه on) V to drip (e.g., the face, عرقا ‘araqan with perspiration) VII to be bled, undergo a venesection; to bleed (nose)

فصد faṣd opening of a vein, bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy

فصاد fiṣād opening of a vein, bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy

فصادة fiṣāda pl. فصائد faṣā’id2 bloodletting, venesection, phlebotomy | ابو فصادة abū f. (eg.) wagtail (zool.)

مفصد mifṣad, pl. مفاصد mafāṣid2 lancet

فصفات fuṣfāt phosphate

فصفور fuṣfūr phosphorus

فصفوري fuṣfūrī phosphoric, phosphorous | ضياء فصفوري phosphorescence

فصل faṣala i (faṣl) to separate, part, divide, disjoin, divorce, cut off, detach, set apart, segregate (عن هـ, ه s.o. s.th. from); to separate (بين two things or persons); to isolate (هـ s.th.); to cut, sever, sunder, interrupt (هـ s.th.); to discharge, dismiss, fire, sack, expel (من or عن ه s.o. from an office), relieve, divest (من or عن ه s.o. of an office), cashier (ه s.o.); to decide (هـ a controversy, and the like), make a decision. render judgment (في in, about, with respect to); to fix the price (هـ for s.th.); -- (فصال fiṣāl) to wean (ه عن الرضاع the infant from sucking); -- faṣala u (فصول fuṣūl) to go away, depart, move away (عن or من from), leave (عن or من a place), pull out (عن or من of a place) II to divide into particular sections, arrange in sections, group, classify, categorize (هـ s.th.); to present in logical order, set forth in detail, detail, particularize (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) clear, plain, distinct; to make to measure, cut out (هـ a garment) III to separate o.s., dissociate o.s., be separated (ه from s.o.), part company (ه with); to haggle, bargain (على ه with s.o. for) VII to separate o.s., disengage o.s., dissociate o.s. segregate, secede (عن from); to be separated, disjoined, detached, removed, set aside, cut off (عن from), be interrupted; to be discharged, dismissed, fired, sacked, cashiered; to retire, resign (من or عن from an office), be relieved, be divested (من or عن of an office); to quit, leave (من or عن a political party, and the like)

فصل faṣl parting, disjunction, detachment, severance, sunderance, cutting off; separation; division, partition; discharge, dismissal (من or عن from an office); decision, (rendering of) judgment; -- (pl. فصول fuṣūl) section, part; chapter; act (of a play); movement (of a symphony, etc.); article (in a newspaper); class, grade (school); season | فصل الخطاب (in letters:) conclusion of the formal greetings by the words اما بعد ammā ba‘du; conclusion, termination; decision; unmistakable judgment; بيني وبينك فصل الخطاب we’re through with one another once and for all; فصل التمثيل (theater) season; القول الفصل (qaul) the last word, the final decision; يوم الفصل yaum al-f. Day of Judgment, Doomsday

O فصلة faṣla comma | O فصلة منقوطة semicolon

فصلة fiṣla offprint, reprint

فصيل faṣīl pl. فصال fiṣāl, فصلان fuṣlān young (weaned) camel

فصيلة faṣīla pl. فصائل faṣā’il genus, species, family (bot., and the like); detachment, squad; group, cell (pol.); platoon, squadron (of heavy arms; mil.) | فصيلة دم f. dam blood group; فصيلة الإعدام f. al-i‘dām firing squad, execution squad; فصيلة الاستكشاف reconnaissance squad, patrol

فيصل faiṣal decisive criterion; arbitrator, arbiter

فيصل faiṣalīya “Faisal cap”, Iraqi field cap (formerly, Ir.)

مفصل mafṣil pl. مفاصل mafāṣil2 joint, articulation

مفصلي mafṣilī articular

تفصيل tafṣīl detailed statement, elaborate or minute exposition, particularization, detailing; elaborateness, minuteness, completeness of detail; cutting out, cut (of a garment); (pl. -āt, تفاصيل tafāṣīl2) detail, particular | تفصيلا tafṣīlan and بالتفصيل in detail, elaborately, minutely, circumstantially; من تفصيل (with foll. genit.) made to measure by ...; tailored by ...; ثياب التفصيل tailor-made clothes; محبوك التفصيل well-fitting (garment)

تفصيلي tafṣīlī detailed, minute, particular, elaborate; analytic(al); تفصيليا tafṣīlīyan separately, singly, one at a time | المساحة التفصيلية land survey

انفصال infiṣāl separation; disengagement, dissociation, withdrawal; secession; interruption | O حرب الانفصال ḥarb al-inf. the American Civil War; انصار الانفصال separatists

انفصالي infiṣālī separatistic; (pl. -ūn) separatist

انفصالية infiṣālīya aeparatismفاصل faṣil separatory, separating, parting, dividing; isolating, insulating; decisive, crucial; conclusive; separation, partition, division, interruption | بلا فاصل without interruption, uninterrupted, unbroken; فاصل الحرارة f. al-ḥarāra heat-insulating (phys.); مباراة فاصلة (mubārāh) finals, final match (sports); خط فاصل (kaṭṭ) demarcation line

فاصلة fāṣila pl. فواصل fawāṣil2 partition, division; interstice, interspace, interval; O comma; O dash (punctuation mark); end, rhyme of a Koranic verse

مفصل mufaṣṣal set forth or described minutely, elaborately or in great detail, detailed, minute, elaborate, circumstantial; tailor-made, custom-made; مفصلا mufaṣṣalan in detail, minutely, elaborately, circumstantially

مفصلة mufaṣṣala pl. -āt hinge

منفصل munfaṣl separate, detached

فصم fṣama i (faṣm) to cause (هـ s.th.) to crack, crack (هـ s.th.); to split, cleave (هـ s.th.); pass. fuṣima to be destroyed (house) VII to have a crack, be cracked; to be split, be cleft

فصم faṣm pl. فصومات fuṣūmāt recess, niche, chamfer (in walls; arch.)

انفصام infiṣām split; O schizophrenia

فصوليا faṣūliyā (or فصولية ) the common European bean (Phascolus vulgaris L.; bot.)

فصى V to free o.s., rid o.s. (من of), shake off (من s.th.)

فض faḍḍa (1st pers. perf. faḍaḍtu) u (faḍḍ) to break (open), pry open, force open, undo (هـ s.th., e.g., a seal); to break, snap (هـ s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up, rout (هـ s.th.); to perforate, pierce (هـ a pearl); to conclude, close (هـ a session, and the like); to dissolve (هـ parliament); to settle (هـ a conflict, and the like); to shed (هـ tears) | فض بكارتها (bakāratahā) to deflower a girl; لا فض فوك lā fuḍḍ fūka how well you have spoken! II to plate or coat with silver, to silver (هـ s.th.) VII to he opened, be broken, be undone (e.g., a seal); to be scattered, be dispersed, be routed; to scatter, disperse, disband, break up, dissolve; to be concluded, be closed (session, and the like) VIII to deflwer (ها a girl)

فض faḍḍ opening, breaking, undoing (e.g., of a real); dispersion, scattering, breaking up, routing; settlement, settling (of a dispute); conclusion, closure (e.g., of a session) | فض البكارة f. al-bakāra defloration

فضة fiḍḍa silver

فضي fiḍḍī silver, silvery, argentic, argentous, made of silver, like silver; فضيات fiḍḍīyāt silverware | الجمهورية الفضية (jumhūrīya) Argentina; الستار الفضي the motion-picture screen, the silver screen

مفض mifaḍḍ implement for opening or breaking open | مفض الخطابات letter opener

انفضاض infiḍāḍ dissolution, breaking up, dispersal; end, close, conclusion, closure (e.g., of a session)

افتضاض iftiḍāḍ defloration

فضح faḍaḥa a (faḍḥ) to disclose or uncover s.o. (ه ) faults or offenses, expose, show up, compromise, shame, disgrace, dishonor (ه s.o.); to outshine, eclipse (هـ s.th., e.g., the moon the stars); to ravish, violate, rape (ها a woman); to disclose, reveal, show, bring to light, divulge, betray (هـ s.th.) VII to be exposed, be compromised, be disgraced, be dishonored VIII to become public, become known, come to light | افتضح امره (amruhū) he was exposed

فضح faḍḥ exposure, humiliation, mortification, debasement, degradation, disgracing, dishonoring

فضيح faḍīḥ covered with shame, exposed, compromised, humiliated, shamed, disgraced, dishonored; disgraceful, shameful, infamous, ignominious

فضيحة faḍīḥa exposure, humiliation, mortification, debasement, degradation, disgracing, dishonoring; -- (pl. فضائح faḍā’iḥ2) disgraceful, or scandalous, act or thing; infamy, ignominy; shame, disgrace, scandal

فضاح faḍḍāḥ divulging secrets, unearthing shameful things

افتضاح iftiḍāḥ disgracefulness, ignominy, infamy

فاضح fāḍiḥ disgraceful, shameful, infamous, ignominious, dishonorable, discrediting, scandalous

مفضوح mafḍūḥ covered with shame, exposed, compromised, humiliated, shamed, disgraced, dishonored; disgraceful, shameful, infamous, ignominious

فضفاض faḍfāḍ wide, loose, flowing (garment); ample, abundant; plump, corpulent (girl); pompous, high-sounding, bombastic (speech)

فضل faḍala u and faḍila a (faḍl) to be surplus, be in excess, be left (over), remain; -- faḍala u (faḍl) to excel, surpass (على or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to be excellent, superior, exquisite, good, be better, be more adequate II to prefer (على هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.), like better (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., على than); to give preference (على هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th. over), set s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ) before or above (على ) III to contend for precedence or superiority (ه with s.o.) | فاضل بين شيئين to compare two things in order to determine which deserves preference IV to confer a benefit (على upon s.o.), do (على s.o.) a favor, oblige (على s.o.); to present, honor (ب على s.o. with), bestow, confer (ب على upon s.o. s.th.), grant, award (ب على to s.o. s.th.) V = IV; to have the kindness (ب of doing or to do s.th.; or ف fa with finite verb), be so kind (ب as to do s.th.; or ف with finite verb), deign, condescend, be graciously disposed (ب to do s.th.; or ف with finite verb); (imperative) tafaḍḍal please! if you please; to put on house clothes, be dressed for around the house

فضل faḍl pl. فضول fuḍūl surplus, overplus, excess, superfluity, overflow; leftover, remainder, remnant, rest; matter of secondary importance, subordinate matter; -- pl. فضول that which is superfluous, redundant or in excess, a surplus, overplus, superfluity; waste, refuse; droppings, excrements; -- superiority (على over); precedence, priority (على over), preference (على to); grace, favor (على to, toward); kindness, graciousness, amiability; erudition, culture, refinement; -- (pl. افضال afḍāl) merit, desert (في on behalf of, with respect to), credit (for, in), service(s) (على to); benefit, favor, gift, present | فضلا عن (faḍlan) beside, aside from ..., not to speak of …, let alone ..., to say nothing of ...; فضلا عن ذلك besides, moreover, furthermore; بفضل thanks to, owing to, due to; من فضلك please! if you please; يرجع الفضل في ذلك (yarji‘u) or الفضل في ذلك عائد عليه the merit thereby is his due, he deserves all the credit for it; ليس بالفضول ان it is not superfluous that ...; فضول الأحاديث futile

talk, idle words; من فضول الكلام ان (f. il-kalām) it would be needless talk to ..., it would be a waste of words if ...

فضلة faḍla pl. faḍalāt remnant, remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus; waste, scrap, discard, offal, waste product; pl. excretions (physiol.), excrements

فضول fuḍūl curiosity, inquisitiveness, officiousness, meddling

فضولي fuḍūlī inquisitive, curious; busy-body, officious, meddlesome; prattler, chatterer; manager without commission, uncommissioned agent (Isl. Law)

فضولية fuḍūlīya inquisitiveness curiosity; obtrusiveness, importunity, officiousness, indiscreetness

فضيل faḍīl pl. فضلاء fuḍalā’ outstanding, eminent, very good, first-rate, excellent; distinguished, deserving; learned, erudite

فضالة fuḍāla pl. -āt remnant, remainder, residue, leftover, rest, surplus, overplus; offal, refuse, scum

فضيلة faḍīla pl. فضائل faḍā’il2 moral excellence, excellent quality, virtue; merit, advantage, excellence, exquisiteness | صاحب الفضيلة title of Islamic scholars (as, for instance, Rector and sheiks of Al Azhar University), also preceding the title of sheik: فضيلة الشيخ

افضل afḍal2, f. فضلى fuḍlā, pl. m. -ūn, افاضل afāḍil2, f. فضليات fuḍlayāt better, best; more excellent, preferable, etc.; افاضل (very) excellent, learned men; فضليات السيدات f. as-sayyidāt the worthy (or esteemed) ladies

افضلية afḍalīya precedence, priority (على over), preference (على to. over); predilection

مفضل mifḍal pre-eminent, most outstanding, most excellent, very generous, very liberal

مفضلة mifḍala pl. مفاضل mafāḍil2 house dress, everyday dress

مفضال mifḍāl pre-eminent, most outstanding, most excellent; very generous, very liberal

تفضيل tafḍīl preference, preferment, favoring; esteem, high estimation | اسم التفضيل ism at-t. noun of preference = elative (af‘āl2; gram.)

فضل mul/i44la compariaon, weighing

تفضل tafaḍḍul deigning, condescension, complaisance, courteousness, courtesy, favor, grace | لبسة التفضل libsat at-t. careless manner of dressing for around the house

تفاضل tafāḍul rivalry for precedence; quantitative disparity (of two services rendered; Isl. Law) | O حساب التفاضل differential calculus

O تفاضلي tafāḍulī differential (adj.)

فاضل fāḍil remaining, leftover, left, surplus, exceeding, in excess; (pl. فواضل fawāḍil2) remainder, remnant, residue, rest, leftover, surplus, overplus, excess; -- (pl. -ūn, فضلاء fuḍalā’2) outstanding, eminent, very good, first-rate, superior, excellent, distinguished, deserving; learned; man of culture and refinement

مفضل mufaḍḍal preferable, preferred

(فضو and فضي) فضا faḍā u (فضو fuḍūw, فضاء faḍā’) to be or become spacious, wide, large (space); to be empty, void, vacant II to empty, void, vacate (هـ s.th.) IV to come, attain (الى to), arrive (الى at), reach (الى s.o., s.th.); to lead (الى ب s.o. to; الى to, e.g., to results); to inform, notify (ب الى s.o. of), announce (ب الى to s.o. s.th.) V to have free time, have leisure (ل for)

فضاء faḍā’ vast and unlimited space, empty space; space (phys.); cosmic space; sky; vast expanse, vastness, void | سفينة الفضاء spaceship; رمى به في الفضاء to throw s.th. in the air; -- (pl. افضية afḍiya) open area, open tract of land, open country

فضائي faḍā’ī: سفينة فضائية spaceship

فاض fāḍin empty, vacated, vacant; unoccupied, not busy, at leisure, free (of commitments)

فطح faṭaḥa a (faṭḥ) and II to spread out, make broad and flat, flatten (هـ s.th.)

افطح afṭaḥ2 and مفطح mufaṭṭaḥ broad-headed, broad-nosed

فطاحل faṭāḥil2 (pl. of فطحل fiṭaḥl) important, outstanding, leading men or personalities, luminaries, celebrities, stars | زمن الفطحل zaman al-fiṭaḥl primeval times, preadamic period

فطر faṭara u (faṭr) to split, cleave, break apart (هـ s.th.); -- (فطور fuṭūr) to break the fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast; -- (faṭr) to make, create, bring into being, bring forth (هـ s.th.; of God); to endow (على ه s.o. with; of God); pass. fuṭira to have a natural disposition (على for); فطر على (fuṭira) is native of him, is in his nature IV to break the fast, eat and drink after a fast; to breakfast, have breakfast V to be split, be cleft, be broken VII = V; انفطر بالبكاء (bi-l-bukā’) to break into tears

فطر faṭr pl. فطور fuṭūr crack, fissure, rift, cleavage, rupture

فطر fiṭr fast breaking | صدقة الفطر ṣadaqat al-f. almsgiving at the end of Ramadan (īsl. Law); عيد الفطر ‘īd al-f. Feast of Breaking the Ramadan Feast, or Lesser Bairam, celebrated on the1st of Shawwal

فطر fuṭr (coll.; n. un.) fungi, mushrooms

فطري fuṯrī fungal, fungus, fungi-, myco- (in compounds); فطريات fuṯrīyāt parasitic fungi; mushrooms; fungal cultures | المرض الفطري (maraḍ) mycosis

فطرة fiṭra creation; (pl. فطر fiṭar) nature, (natural) disposition, constitution, temperament, innate character, instinct; fiṭratan by nature

فطري fiṭrī natural; instinctive, native, inborn, innate | الإنسان الفطري (insān) natural man; الديانات الفطرية natural religions

فطور faṭūr breakfast

فطير faṭīr unleavened; immature, unbaked; fresh, new, newly made; unleavened bread

فطيرة faṭīra (coll. فطير faṭīr) pl. فطائر faṭā’ir (unleavened) bread; pastry made of water, flour and shortening (sometimes with sugar added); a cake-like white bread (made with eggs and butter; eg.)

فطايري faṭāyirī pl. فطايرية faṭāyirīya (ṭun.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above)

فطاطري faṭāṭirī pl. فطاطرية faṭāṭirīya (eg.) maker or seller of faṭira (see above)

افطار ifṭār fast breaking; breakfast; first meal after sunset during Ramadan

الفاطر a-fāṭir the Creator (= God)

فطس faṭasa i (فطوس fuṭūs) to die II to kill (ه s.o.); to suffocate, strangle, choke to death (ه s.o.) VII to become flattened (nose)

فطيس faṭīs suffocated, stifled

فطيسة faṭīsa pl. فطائس faṭā’is2 corpse, body; carrion, carcass

افطس afṯas2 flat-nosed, snub-nosed

فطم faṭama i (faṭm) to wean (ه s.o.; an infant or a young animal) VII to be weaned; to abstain (عن from)

فطام fiṭām weaning, ablactation

فطيم faṭīm pl. فطم fuṭum weaned

فاطمي fāṭimī Fatimid (adj. and n.); الفاطميون the Fatimids

فطن faṭina a, faṭana u and faṭuna u (فطنة fiṭna) to be or become clever, smart, discerning, sagacious, perspicacious, bright, intelligent; to notice, realize, comprehend, understand (ب or ل or الى s.th.); to be or become aware (ب or ل or الى of); to think (الى of s.th.) II to make intelligent (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) realize or understand (ب, ل, الى s.th.), explain (ب, ل, الى ه to s.o. s.th.); to remind(ب, الى ه s.o. of) V to comprehend, understand (ل s.th.)

فطن faṭin clever, smart, astute, sagacious, perspicacious, bright, intelligent

فطنة fiṭna pl. fitan cleverness, astuteness, sagacity, perspicacity, acumen, intelligence

فطن faṭin pl. فطناء fuṭanā’2 clever, smart, bright, intelligent

فطانة faṭāna cleverness, smartness

تفطن tafaṭṭun intelligence; intellection

فظ faẓẓ pl. افظاظ afẓāẓ crude, rude, coarse, blunt, gruff, impolite, uncivil, uncouth, boorish, uneducated; -- walrus

فظاظة faẓāẓa crudeness, rudeness, coarseness, bluntness, gruffness, impoliteness, uncouthness, boorishness

فظع faẓa‘a u (فظاعة faẓā‘a) to be or become abominable, detectable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shooking, odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible X to find (هـ s.th.) abominable. detestable, etc. (see I); to call abominable, revolting, shocking (هـ s.th.)

فظع fazi‘ abominable, detectable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible

فظيع faẓī‘ abominable, detestable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disgusting, shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible

فظاعة faẓā‘a pl. فظائع faẓā’i‘2, abominableness, hideousness, ugliness, repulsiveness, odiousness, heinousness, atrocity, horridness, horror; pl. atrocities

مفظع mufẓi‘ abominable, detestable, hideous, ugly, repulsive, disusting, shocking, odious, heinous, atrocious, horrid, horrible

فعل fa‘ala a (fa‘l, fi‘l) to do (هـ s.th.); to act; to perform, some activity; to have an influence or effect (في or ب on), affect (في or ب s.o., s.th.); to do (ب to s.o., s.th.; في هـ s.th. with) | فعل فيه فعلا كريها (fi‘lan) to have an unpleasant effect on s.o. II to scan (هـ a verse) VI to interact, interplay; (chem.) to enter into combination, form a compound; to combine (مع with) VII to be done; to be or become influenced or affected (ل by), be under the influence of s.o. or s.th. (ل ); to b. agitated, excited, upset VIII to concoct, invent, fabricate (كذبا على (kidban kidban a lie against); to falsify, forge (هـ s.th., e.g., a handwriting); to invent (هـ s.th.)

فعل fi‘l activity, doing, work, action, performance; function; -- (pl. افعال af‘āl, فعال fi‘āl) deed, act, action; effect, impact; -- (pl. افعال af‘āl) verb (gram.); pl. افاعيل afā‘īl2 great deeds, exploits, feats; machinations | فعلا fi‘lan or بالفعل indeed, in effect, actually, really, practically; بالفعل out of, because of, due to

فعلي fi‘lī actual, factual, real; effective, efficacious, efficient; practical; de facto; verbal (gram.)

فعلة fa‘a pl. -āt deed, act, action

فعال fa‘‘āl effective, efficacious, efficient

فعالية fa‘‘ālīya effectiveness, efficacy, efficiency; activity

افعل af‘al2 more effective, more efficacious

تفعيل taf‘īl pl. تفاعيل tafā‘īl2 foot of a verse; (poet.) meter

تفاعل tafā‘ul pl. -āt interaction, interplay; formation of a chemical compound, chemical process. chemical reaction

انفعال infi‘āl (state of) being affected, acted upon, or influenced, passivity; stimulation. irritation (biol.); (pl. -āt) agitation. excitement, excitation, commotion

انفعالي infi‘ālī excitable, irritable, susceptible (biol.); caused by affect, affective (philos.)

انفعالية infi‘ālīya excitability, irritability (biol.)

فاعل fā‘il efective; efficacious, efficient; (pl. -ūn) doer, actor, perpetrator; (pl. فعلة fa‘ala) worker, workman, laborer; -- active subject of a verbal clause (gram.) | اسم الفاعل ism al-f. nomen agentis, active participle (gram.); ذو راديوم فاعل radioactive

فاعلية fā‘ilīya effectiveness, efficacy; activity

مفعول maf‘ūl object (gram.); مفعول به do.; -- (pl. مفاعيل mafā‘īl2) effect, impression, impact; effectiveness, validity | اسم المفعول ism al-m. nomen patientis, passive participle (gram.); سرى مفعوله sarā maf‘ūluhū to be or become effective, be valid (على for); ساري المفعول sārī l-m. valid (e.g., an identity card); مفعول رجعي (raj‘ī) retroactive force, retroactivity

منفعل munfa‘il excited, agitated, upset; irritable

مفتعل mufta‘al artificial, fabricated, forged, falsified, false, spurious

فعم IV to cram, jam, pack, fill to overflowing, fill up (ب هـ s.th. with)

مفعم muf‘am brimful, chock-full, filled to capacity or overflowing, replete, overfull, filled entirely, crammed, jampacked (ب with)

افعى af‘an f., pl. افاع afā‘in adder, viper, asp

افعوان uf‘uwān adder, viper, asp

فغرة fugra a u (fagr) to open (هـ the mouth) wide, gape VII to open wide, be agape (mouth)

فغرة fugra pl. فغر fugar mouth of a valley

فغفوري fagfūrī fine porcelain

فاغية fāgiya henna blossom

فقأ faqa’a a (فقء faq’) to knock out, gouge out (هـ an eye); to lance, open (هـ an abscess, and the like) | فقأ عينيه (‘ainahū) to deal s.o. (an opponent, an enemy) a heavy blow, ruin s.o. V to burst, explode, pop

فقحة faqḥa pl. فقاح fiqāḥ anus, anal orifice

فقد faqada i (faqd, فقدان fiqdān, fuqdān) to fail to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to lose (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to have lost, miss (هـ , s.o., s.th.); not to have (هـ s.th.), be bereaved (ه of s.o.), be deprived, bereft, destitute (هـ of s.th.); to mislay, have mislaid (هـ s.th.); to miss (هـ an opportunity, and the like) | فقد صوابه (ṣawābahū) to go out of one’s mind IV to cause (ه s.o.) to lose or miss or forfeit (هـ s.th.); to bereave, deprive, dispossess, rob (هـ ه s.o. of s.th.) V to seek (هـ s.th.), look, search (هـ for s.th.); to examine, study, survey, inspect, check, investigate (هـ s.th.); to visit (هـ s.th.), review, inspect (هـ troops, and the like) VIII = V; to miss (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) X to miss (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

فقد faqd loss; bereavement

فقيد faqīd lost, missing; dead, deceased; deceased person | فقيد العلم f. al-‘ilm one whose death is deplored by science; الفقيد الراحل the deceased

فقد fiqdān, fuqdān loss; bereavement | فقدان الصواب f. aṣ-ṣawāb folly, madness; فقدان الذاكرة loss of memory, amnesia

تفقد tafaqqud pl. -āt examination, study, survey, inspection, check, investigation; review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit

افتقاد iftiqā examination, study, survey, inspection, check, investigation; review, inspection (e.g., of troops); visit

فاقد fāqid devoid, destitute, bereft, deprived (of s.th.; with foll. genitive), bereaved (of s.o.; with foll. genitive); -less, un-, in-; loser | فاقد الشعور unconscious; insensible, senseless; فاقد الضمير unconscionable, unscrupulous, unhesitating; فاقدو التهذيب people without education, unmannered people

مفقود mafqūd lost, missing, nonexistent, absent, lacking, wanting; missing person

متفقد mutafaqqid controller, inspector

فقر faqara u i (faqr) to pierce, bore, perforate (هـ s.th.); -- faqura u (فقارة faqāra) to be or become poor, needy II to pierce, bore, perforate (هـ s.th.) IV to make poor, impoverish (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), reduce (ه s.o.) to poverty; to put (ه s.o.) in need (الى of s.th.) VIII to become poor; to need (الى s.o., s.th.), lack, require (الى s.th.), be in need, be in want (الى of s.o., of s.th.)

فقر faqr poverty; need, lack, want

فقرة fiqra pl. fiqrāt, fiqarāt, فقر fiqar vertebra; section, paragraph, passage, article

فقري fiqrā spinal, vertebral | السلسلة الفقرية (silsila) or العمود الفقري (‘amūd) spine, vertebral column; حيوانات فقرية (ḥayawānāt) vertebrates

فقار faqār (coll.; n. un. ة ) vertebra; faqār spine, vertebral column

فقير faqīr spinal, vertebral | السلسلة الفقارية (silsila) spine, vertebral column

فقير faqīr pl. فقراء fuqarā’2 poor, poverty-stricken; poor man, pauper; mendicant dervish, Sufi mendicant

افتقار iftiqār need, requirement, want, lack (الى of)

فقوس faqqūs a kind of large cucumber (= فقوص )

مفقس mifqas pl. مفاقس mafāqis2 incubator

فقش faqaāa i (faqš) to break, crush (هـ s.th.)

فقش faqš: لوز فقش (lauz) thin-shelled almonds

فقص II to hatch, incubate (هـ an egg; of a bird)

فقوص faqūṣ (coll.; n. un. ة ) a kind of large cucumber

تفقيص tafqīṣ hatching, incubation | آلة لتفقيص البيض (t. il-baiḍ) or آلة التفقيص incubator

فقط II: فقط الحساب faqqaṭa l-ḥisāba to write the word فقط faqaṭ “only” after the total on an invoice so as to prevent fraudulent additions; to spell out the figures of an invoice

فقط faqaṭ only, no more (postpositive); altogether, total (after figures)

فقع faqa‘a a to burst, pop, explode II to crack, snap, pop VII = faqa‘a

فقاعة fuqqā‘a pl. فقاقيع faqāqī‘2 bubble

فاقع fāqi‘ bright yellow; bright, intense, brilliant, vivid (color)

فاقعة fāqi‘a pl. فواقع fawāqi‘2 blister, vesicle; pustule

فقم faqima a (faqam, faqm, فقوم fuqūm), faquma u (فقامة faqāma) and VI to be or become grave, serious, critical, dangerous, increase dangerously, become aggravated, reach alarming proportions, come to a head

فقم fuqqam, fuqm (coll.; n. un. ة ) seal (zool.)

تفاقم tafāqum aggravation, increasing gravity

فقنس faqnas phoenix

فقه faqiha a (fiqh) to understand, comprehend (هـ s.th.); -- faqiha a (fiqh) and faquha u (فقاهة faqāha) to have knowledge, esp., have legal knowledge II to teach (ه s.o.), instruct (في ه s.o. in) IV to teach (هـ ه s.o. s.th.), instruct (هـ ه s.o. in s.th.) V to understand, comprehend (هـ s.th.); to study the fiqh (q.v.); to apply o.s. to the acquisition of knowledge (في in), study (في s.th.), devote one’s studies to (في ), work at or on s.th. (في ); to gain information, get a clear picture, obtain a clear idea

فقه fiqh understanding, comprehension; knowledge; الفقه jurisprudence in Islam, fiqh | فقه اللغة f. al-luga (indigenous, Arabic) philology

فقهي fiqhī juristic(al); relating to jurisprudence in Islam

فقيه faqīh pl. فقهاء fuqahā’2 legist, jurisprudent (and theologian), expert of fiqh (q.v.); -- (popular usage; eg., pronounced fiqī) reciter of the Koran; elementary school teacher

فك fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk) to separate, disjoin, disconnect, sever, sunder (هـ s.th.); to break (open) (هـ s.th., e.g., a seal); to open (هـ s.th., e.g., the hand); to dislocate, disjoint (هـ s.th., e.g., a bone); to take apart, disassemble, dismount, take to pieces, disintegrate, break up, decompose, dismember, fragmentize (هـ s.th.); to dismantle, tear down (هـ s.th.); to untie. unbind, unfasten, undo (هـ s.th.); to detach, disengage, take off (من هـ s.th. from); to unbutton (هـ s.th.); to unscrew (هـ s.th.); to lift, raise (الحجز al-ḥajza the confiscation, عن of s.th.); to solve (هـ s.th., e.g., a problem); (eg.) to change (هـ money); -- fakka (1st pers. perf. fakaktu) u (fakk, فكاكز fikāk, fakāk) to ransom, redeem, buy off, liberate, emancipate, release, set free (ه s.o.); -- fakkka u (fakk, فكوك fukūk) to redeem (هـ s.th., e.g., a pledge) II to loosen, unfasten (هـ s.th.); to take to pieces, take apart, disassemble, dismount (هـ s.th.); to disrupt, shatter, fragmentize (هـ s.th.) V to be taken apart, be disassembled, be dismounted; to be disrupted, be shattered, be fragmentized; to break apart (e.g., a ship); to split, fissure, fission, break up, dissolve, disintegrate, come apart VII to be separated, be disjoined, be disconnected, be loosened, be unfastened, be undone, be untied, be unbound, be unbuttoned, be unscrewed; to separate o.s., detach o.s. disengage o.s. (من from), rid o.s. (من of) | لم ينفك (with foll. imperf. or predicative aco.) not to atop doing, keep doing VIII to redeem (هـ s.th., e.g., a pledge); to dissolve, break up, separate, disintegrate, destroy (هـ s.th.); to snatch away (من هـ s.th. from s.o.)

فك fakk redemption (of a pledge); (pl. فكوك fukūk) jawbone, jaw | الفك الأسفل the lower jaw, mandible; الفك الأعلى (a‘lā) the upper jaw, maxilla

فكة fakka small change, coins

فكاك fikāk, fakāk disengagement; redemption, liberation, emancipation, release; ransom

مفك mifakk pl. -āt screw driver

تفكيك tafkīk fragmentation, dismemberment, decomposition | O تفكيك الذرة t. ad-darra nuclear fission

تفكك tafakkuk fragmentation, breakup, dissolution, disruption, rupture, disunion, split; disintegration, decomposition

انفكاك infikāk disengagement

افتكاك iftikāk redemption (of a pledge)

مفكوك mafkūk loose

مفكك mufakkak disconnected, disjointed, incoherent (words, phrases)

فكر fakara u i (fakr) to reflect, meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (في on), revolve in one’s mind, think over, contemplate, consider (في s.th.); to think (في of, also ب ) II = I; to remind (في or هـ ه s.o. of) IV = I; V to reflect, meditate, cogitate, ponder, muse, speculate (في on), revolve in one’s mind, think, over, contemplate, consider (في s.th.); to think (في of) VIII = V; to remember, recall, recollect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

فكر fikr pl. افكار afkār thinking, cogitation, reflection, meditation, speculation, contemplation, consideration; thought, ideas, notion, concept; opinion, view | شارد الفكر absent-minded, distracted; مشوش الفكر mušawwaš al-f. confused, bewildered, perplexed, dismayed, embarrassed

فكرة fikra pl. فكر fikar thought, idea, notion, concept; qualm, scruple, demur, hesitation | صاحب الفكرة (father to the thought =) the originator, author; على فكرة (eg.) incidentally …, by the way ..., speaking of ..., apropos (of) ...

فكرى fikrī ideational, ideative, speculative, mental; intellectual

فكير fakīr pensive, meditative, cogitative, thoughtful

تفكير tafkīr thinking, cogitation, meditation, reflection; speculation, contemplation, consideration; thought

تفكر tafakkur thinking, cogitation, meditation, reflection; speculation, contemplation, consideration

مفكر mufakkir thinking, reflecting, meditating, pondering, musing; pensive, meditative, cogitative; thinker

مفكرة mufakkira notebook | مفكرة يومية (yaumīya) diary, journal

مفكرات mufakarāt thoughts, considerations

فكش fakaša u to sprain VII to be sprained

فكه fakiha a (fakah, فكاهة fakāha) to be or become gay, merry, cheerful, sportive, jocular, humorous II to amuse (ه s.o.) with jokes III to joke, jest, make fun (ه with), banter (ه s.o.) V to amuse o.s., have fun (ب with), be amused (ب by); to joke, make fun

فكه fakih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly, cheerful, sportive, fun-loving, jocular, humorous; amusing (thing)

فكاهة fukāha joking, jesting, fun-making; humor

فكاهي fukāhī humorous, humoristic; humorist

افكوهة ufkūha joking, jesting, fun-making; humor; pl. افاكيه afākīh2 jokes, jests, pranks, antics

تفكهة tafkiha amusement, exhilaration, delectation

مفاكهة mufākaha bantering talk, joking, kidding

تفكه tafakkuh delight, enjoyment, amusement, diversion; humorous talk, joking, banter

فاكه fākih gay, merry, gleeful, jolly, funny; humorous

فاكه fākiha (coll.) pl. فواكه fawākih2 fruit(s)

فاكهاني fākihānī fruit seller, fruit dealer

2 فل falla u (fall) to dent, notch, blunt (هـ s.th., e.g., a sword); to break (هـ s.th.); -- falla to flee, run away | فل غربه (garbahū), فل من حدته (ḥiddatihī) and فل حديده to weaken s.o.; to dampen, subdue s.o.; فل من شباه (šabāhu) to weaken s.o. II to dent, notch, blunt (هـ s.th., e.g., a sword)

فل fall pl. فلول fulūl dent, notch, jag; -- fall (for sg. and pl.) pl. فلول fulūl, افلال aflāl, فلال fullāl defeated, vanquished; scattered remnants of an army

مفلول maflūl dented, jagged, notched, blunt

2 فل fill, full (eg.) Arabian jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.; bot.)

3 فل fall, fill cork

4 فلة villa pl. -āt villa, country house

فلامنكى see فلمنكي

فلت falata i (falt) to escape (من s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get away (من from s.o., from s.th.); to he freed, he set free, be released, be liberated, he set at liberty; to let (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) escape or slip away or get away, let loose, free, release, liberate, set free, set at liberty (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) IV = I; V to escape (من s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get away (من from s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (من from); to be freed, be set free, be released, be liberated, be set at liberty VII to escape (من s.o., s.th.; from), slip away, get away (من from s.o., from s.th.); to free o.s., extricate o.s. (من from); to he finished (من with); to be freed, he set free, he released, he liberated, he set at liberty

فلت falat escape

فلتة falta pl. falatāt unexpected event, unexpected, turn; extravagance; slip, oversight, error. lapse; faltatan suddenly, unexpectedly

فلاتي falātī pl. فلاتية falātīya (eg.) licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched; debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well

افلات aflāt escape

انفلات infilāt escape

فالت fālit escaped, free, at liberty, at large; escapee; (pl. فلتاء fu1atā ’2) licentious, wanton, dissolute, debauched; debauchee, libertine, roué, rake; good-for-nothing, ne’er-do-well

1 فلج falaja u i (falj) to split, cleave (هـ s.th.); pass. fulija to be semiparalyzed II to split, cleave (هـ s.th.) VII to be semiparalyzed

فلج falj pl. فلوج fulūj crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift

فالج fālij semiparalysis, hemiplegia

مفلوج maflūj semiparalyzed, hemiplegic

2 فيلج pl. فيالج look up alphabetically

فلجان filjān = فنجان finjān

فلح falaḥa a (falḥ) to split, cleave (هـ s.th.); to plow, till, cultivate (الأرض al-arḍa the land) | ان الحديد بالحديد يفلح (yuflaḥu) lit.: iron is cleft with iron, i.e., approx.: rudeness must be met with rudeness IV and X to thrive, prosper, become happy; to have luck or success, be lucky, be successful في in, with)

فلاح falāḥ thriving, prosperity; salvation; welfare; success

فلاحة filāḥa cultivation, tillage; agriculture, farming, husbandry

فلاح fallāḥ pl. -ūn, فلاحة fallāḥa tiller of the soil, husbandman; peasant, farmer, fellah

فلاحة fallāḥa pl. -āt peasant woman; peasant girl

فلاحي fallāḥī peasant’s, farmer’s, farming, country, rural, rustic, agricultural

فالح fāliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful

مفلح mufliḥ lucky, fortunate, successful; one who prospers, one who is well off

1 فلذة filda pl. filadāt, فلذ filad, افلاذ aflād a piece (of meat) | فلذة كبذه f. kabidihī his own blood, his own child; افلاذ الأرض a. al-ard the hidden treasures of the earth

2 فولاذ and فولاذي look up alphabetically

فلور look up alphabetically

فلز filizz, filazz pl. -āt (nonprecious) metal

فلس II to declare (ه s.o.) bankrupt or insolvent IV to be or become bankrupt or insolvent, to fail; to be ruined

فلس fals (colloq. pronounced fils) pl. فلوس fulūs fels, a small coin, in Iraq and Jordan = 1/1000 of a dinar; pl. فلوس (eg.) money; scales (of a fish)

تفليس taflīs (n. vic. ة ) declaration of bankruptcy; (pl. تفاليس tafālīs2) bankruptcy, insolvency, failure | مأمور التفليسة receiver (in bankruptcy; Eg.)

افلاس iflās bankruptcy, insolvency, failure

مفلس muflis pl. مفاليس mafālīs2 bankrupt, insolvent

فلسطين filāsṭīn2 Palestine

فلسطيني filasṭīnī Palestinian; (pl. -ūn) a Palestinian

فلسف falsafa to philosophize II tafalsafa do.; to pretend to be a philosopher

فلسف falsafa philosophy

فلسفي fallafī philosophic(al)

فيلسوف failasūf pl. فلاسفة falāsifa philosopher

مفلسف mufalsif pl. -ūn philosopher

متفلسف mutafalsif philosophaster, philosophist

ﭬلط volṭ pl. اﭬلاط avlāṭ volt (el.)

فلطح falṭaḥa to make broad, broaden, flatten(هـ s.th.)

فلطاح filtāḥ broad, flattened, flat

مفلطح mufalṭiḥ broad, flattened, flat

فلع fala‘a a (fal‘) to split, cleave, rend, tear asunder (هـ s.th.) II do.

فلع fal‘, fil‘ pl. فلوع fulū‘ crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift

فلفل falfala to pepper (هـ s.th.)

فلفل fulful, filfil (coll.; n. un. ة ) pepper; n. un. فلفلة peppercorn | فلفل احضر (ahḍar) green peppers; دارفلفل dārafilfil (eg.) a variety of pepper (Piper Chaba Hout.; bot.)

فلفلي fulfulī, filfilī pepperlike, peppery, pepperish

مفلفل mufalfal peppered

فلق falaqa i (falq) to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear asunder (هـ s.th.); to cause (هـ dawn) to break, dispel the shadows of night (of God) II to split, cleave, rive, sunder, tear asunder (هـ s.th.) V to be split, be cleft, be torn apart; to split, cleave, crack, fissure, be or become cracked, be full of cracks or fissures VII = V; to burst; to break (dawn); (eg.) infaliq go hang yourself! go to hell!

فلق falq pl. فلوق faq crack, split, crevice, fissure, cleft, rift

فلق falaq daybreak, dawn

فلقة filqa pl. فلق filaq one half (of a split thing)

فلقة falaqa a device for holding the legs of the delinquent during the bastinado

فلاق fallāq pl. ة bandit, highwayman, highway robber

فليق failaq pl. فيالق fayāliq2 a large military unit; army corps; corps

1 فلك II to have round breasts (girl); (syr.) to predict the future, prophecy

فلك falak pl. افلاك aflāk celestial sphere; celestial body, star; circuit, orbit (of celestial bodies) | علم الفلك ‘ilm al-f. astronomy; astrology

فلك fulk (m. and f.) ship, (also coll.) ships; (Noah’s) Ark

فلكي falakī astronomic(al); astrologic(al) (pl. -un, فلكية falakīya) astronomer, astrologer | عالم الفلك do.

مفلوك maflūk ill-starred, unlucky, unfortunate

مفلك mufallik girl with round breasts

2 فلوكة falūka pl. فلائك falā’ik2 sloop, felucca; boat

فلائكي falā’ikī (فلايكي ) boatman

فلكن falkana to vulcanize (هـ s.th.)

فلم film pl. افلام aflām film; motion picture | فلم مجسم (mujassam) 3 D film; فلم ملون (mulawwan) color film; فلم ناطق sound film

فلمندي falamandī Flemish; Fleming

فلمنكي falamankī Dutch, Hollandish, Netherlander

1 فلان fulān, f. فلانة fulāna2 (substituting for an unnamed or unspecified person or thing) so-and-so

فلاني fulānī adjective of the above | في الساعة الفلانية at such and such an hour

2 فلين look up alphabetically

فلندرة falandra Flanders

فلنكة falanka pl. -āt (railroad) tie, sleeper (eg.)

فلو filw pl. افلاء aflā’; فلو faluw, fuluw pl. افلاء aflā, فلاوى falāwā colt, foal

فلا falan (coll.; n. un. فلاة falāh) pl. فلوات falawāt, افلاء aflā’ waterless desert; open country; open space

المفالي al-mafālī the pastures, the grazing grounds

فلور filūr fluorine (chem.)

O مفلور mufalwir fluorescent

1 فلى falā i (faly) to delouse, search for lice (هـ s.th.); to examine, scrutinize, investigate (هـ s.th.) II to delouse, search for lice, rid of lice (هـ s.th.) V to louse o.s.

فالية fāliya spotted dung beetle; touchhole (of old-time firearms)

2 فليا fulayyā = فلية (see below)

الفليبين al-filībīn the Philippine Islands

فلين fallīn and فلينة fallīna cork

فلية , فليه fulayya (eg.) pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.; bot.)

فليون falyūn godchild (Chr.)

فم fam (construct state also فو fū) pl. افواه afwāh; (eg.) fumm pl. افمام afmām mouth; muzzle; orifice, aperture, hole, vent; mouth, embouchure (of a river), head (of a canal, etc.); mouthpiece (esp., of a cigarette, of a pipe, etc.); cigarette holder | فم الحوت fam al-ḥūt star α in the constellation Piecis Australis, Fomalhaut; آلات الفم wind instruments

فن II to diversify, vary, variegate (هـ s.th.), bring variety or diversity (هـ into s.th.); to mix, mingle, jumble (هـ s.th.) V to be or become manifold, multifarious, varied, variegated, diverse, many-sided, versatile; to use different kinds; to be a specialist, an expert, a master (في in a field), master (في s.th.) VIII = V

فن fann pl. فنون funūn, افنان afnān, افانين afānīn2 kind, specimen, variety; pl. افانين Various sides (of s.th.), diversity | افانين من all kinds of, sundry, various; الجنون فنون (junūn) insanity has many varieties, manifests itself in many ways; -- (pl. فنون funūn) scientific discipline, field of work, special field, specialty; art | الفن الحربي (ḥarbī) art of war, strategy; الفنون الجميلة or الفنون الرفيعة or O الفنون المستظرفة (mustaẓrafa) the fine arts; فن المكتبات f. al-maktabāt library science; الفن الصحفي (ṣuḥfī) science of journalism; journalism

فني fannī specialist(ic); expert, professional; technical; artistic(al); tactical, strategic(al); technician; artist

فنية fannīya artistry

فنن fanan pl. افنان afnān branch, twig (of a tree), of a shrub)

فنان fannān pl. -ūn artist | O عامل فنان pl. عمال فنانون (‘umm`al) artistic handicraftsman, commercial artist

فنانة fannāna woman artist

افنون ufnūn pl. افانين afānīn2 branch, twig (of a tree)

تفنن tafannun diversity, variety, multiplicity, multifariousness; many-sidedness, versatility (في in); varied activity, activity in various fields; mastery; skillful, workmanlike or chic manner

افتنان iftinān diversity, variety, multiplicity, multifariousness; many-sidedness, versatility (في in); varied activity, activity in various fields; mastery

متفنن mutafannin many-sided, versatile

مفتن muftann masterful, expert, mastering one’s field

فنار fanār pl. -āt lighthouse

فنجال finjāl pl. فناجيل fanājīl2 = فنجان

فنجان finjān and فنجانة finjāna pl. فناجين fanājīn2 cup; coffee cup | جعل زوبعة في فنجان (zauba‘alan) to cause a tempest in a teapot

فنجر fanjara: فنجر عينيه (‘ainaihi) to stare, glare (في at s.o., at s.th.)

فنخ fanaka a to squeeze (هـ s.th.); to invalidate, nullify, void (هـ s.th.); to break (هـ a contract, an agreement)

فند II to call (ه s.o.) a liar, prove (ه s.o.) wrong, disprove, confute, refute, rebut (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to classify, specify (هـ s.th., e.g., the items of an invoice); to detail, particularize, itemize (هـ s.th.) IV to prove (ه s.o.) wrong; to disprove, confute, refute, rebut (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

فندق funduq pl. فنادق fanādiq2 hotel, inn

فنار pl. -āt look up alphabetically

فانوس pl. فوانيس look up alphabetically

فنط II to detail, particularize, itemize, enumrate item by item (هـ s.th.)

فنطاس finṭās pl. فناطيس fanāṭīs2 water tank, reservoir, cistern; large container

فنطيس finṭīs pl. فناطيس fanāṭīs2 broad-nosed

فنطيسة finṭīsa pl. فناطيس fanāṭīs2 snout (of swine)

فنغراف funugrāf pl. –āt phonograph

فنق V to live in ease and affluence

1 فنك fanak fennec (zool.)

2 فنيك look up alphabetically

فنلندا finlandā Finland

فنلندي finlandī Finnish; Finn

فني faniya a (فناء fanā’) to pass away, perish, cease to exist, come to nought; to come to an end, cease, wane, dwindle, evanesce, vanish; to be extinguished, become extinct; to be exhausted, be consumed, be spent; to undergo obliteration of the self; to become totally absorbed (في by) | لا يفنى imperishable, inexhaustible IV to annihilate, bring to nought, ruin, destroy (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to exhaust, consume, wear out, spend (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cause (هـ s.th.) to become absorbed or consumed (هـ by) VI to annihilate each other; to be consumed (في by), lose o.s. (في in), identify o.s. completely (في with); to dedicate o.s. with heart and soul, give o.s. over wholeheartedly (في to some activity)

فناء fanā’ passing away, cessation of being; perdition, ruin, destruction, annihilation; evanescence, vanishing, termination, extinction; exhaustion; nonbeing, nonexistence, nonentity; extinction of individual consciousness, recedence of the ego, obliteration of the self (myst.)

فناء finā’ pl. افنية afniya courtyard; open space in front or at either side of a house; open hall | رحابة فناء raḥābat al-f. hospitable reception, generous entertainment; سار يخطو في فناء الغرفة (yakṭū, f. il-gurfa) he walked about the room

افناء ifnā’ annihilation, ruination, ruin, destruction

تفان tafānin mutual annihilation; self-denial, self-sacrifice (in an activity)

فان fānin evanescent, transitory, transient, ephemeral, vain; exhausted; far advanced in years, very old

فنيقي finīqī Phoenician

فنيقية finīqīya2 and فنيقيا finīqiyā Phoenicia

فنيك (Fr. phénique) finīk phenol, carbolic acid, also حامض الفنيك

فهاهة fahāha weakness, impotence

فهد fahd pl. فهود fuhūd, افهد afhud lynx (also the term for cheetah and panther)

فهرس fahrasa (فهرسة fahrasa) to compile an index (كتابا for a book), to index (كتابا a

book)

فهرس fihris and فهرست fihrist pl. فهارس fahāris2 table of contents, index; catalogue; list

فهم fahima a (fahm, faham) to understand, comprehend, realize (هـ s.th.); to note (هـ s.th.), take note, take cognizance (هـ of s.th.); to hear, learn (هـ من of s.th. from), be informed (هـ من of s.th. by); فهم عنه to understand s.o., understand what s.o. says or means | يفهم ان (yufhamu) it is reported, it is said that …, we understand that II to make (ه s.o.) understand or see (هـ s.th.), instruct (ه هـ s.o. in s.th.), give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) to understand IV = II; V to try to understand or comprehend (هـ s.th.); to understand gradually, come to understand (هـ s.th.); to penetrate, fathom (هـ s.th.); to understand, comprehend (هـ s.th.) VI to understand one another; to communicate with each other; to reach an understanding, come to an agreement, come to terms (مع with, على in, about); to be comprehended, be understood VIII to understand, comprehend (هـ s.th.) X to inquire (عن or s. of s.o. about s.th.), ask (عن or هـ s.o. s.th. or about s.th.)

فهم fahm pl. افهام afhām understanding; comprehension. grasp; perceptive faculty, perceptivity; brains, intellect; discernment, acumen, penetration, insight, intelligence | سوء الفهم sū’ al-f. misapprehension, misunderstanding

فهم fahim quick-witted, of acute discernment

فهيم fahīm pl. فهماء fuhamā’2 discerning, judicious, sensible, intelligent

فهامة fahāma very understanding, extremely sympathetic

تفهيم tafhīm instruction, orientation

تفهم tafahhum gradual understanding; understanding, comprehension, grasping, grasp

تفاهم tafāhum mutual understanding, mutual agreement, concurrence, accord; understanding (مع with, على on, about);

agreement, arrangement (مع with) | سوء التفاهم sū’ at-t. (mutual) misunderstanding, discord, disharmony, dissension

استفهام istifhām inquiry (عن about; also على ); question | علامة الاستفهام ‘alāmat al-ist. question mark

استفهامي istifhāmī interrogative (gram.)

مفهوم mafhūm understood; comprehensible, intelligible, understandable; known; sense, meaning, signification; (pl. مفاهيم mafāhīm2) notion, concept | بالمفهوم in the literal sense, literally; unequivocally, unambiguously, clearly; المفهوم ان it is said, it is reported that …

فو fū see فم fam

فوال (Fr.) fuwāl voile (dress material)

فوة fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.; bot.)

فات (فوت ) fāta u (faut, فوات fawāt) to pass away, vanish; to be over, be past; to go by s.o. (ه ), pass s.o. (ه ); to escape, elude (ه s.o.), slip away; to abandon, give up, leave behind, relinquish (هـ s.th.); to anticipate, forestall (ه s.o.); to exceed, surpass (ب ه s.o. by) | فات الوقت (waqt) it is (too) late; فاته ان it escaped him that ...; he omitted, neglected, failed, or forgot to ...; he failed to see that ..., he overlooked the fact that …; لم يفته ان (yafuthu) he did not fail to ..., he did not neglect to ...; فاتته الفرصة fātatu l-furṣatu he missed the opportunity; فاته القطار he missed the train II to make (هـ s.th.) escape (على s.o.); to cause (على s.o.) to miss (هـ s.th.); to let (ه s.o.) pass; to alienate, sell (هـ s.th., tun.) IV to make (هـ s.th.) escape (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) miss (هـ s.th.) VI to differ, be different, be dissimilar VIII to offend against s.th. (على ), act contrary to (على ), belie, betray (على s.th.)

فوت faut escape; -- (pl. افوات afwāt) distance, interval; difference

فوات fawāt passing, lapse | فوات الأجل f. al-ajal the passing of the appointed time, expiration of the deadline; الفوات بالمدة (bi-l-mudda) superannuation; بعد فوات الوقت (الأوان ) (f. il-waqt, il-awān) too late; قبل فوات الوقت (الأوان ) before it is too late

فويت fuwait (m. and f.) one following his, or her, own opinion only, acting in his, or her, way only

تفويت tafwīt pl. -āt alienation, transfer, sale (tun.)

تفاوت tafāwut difference, dissimilarity, disparity, contract; disharmony

افتيات iftiyāt treason (على to), betrayal (على of), offense (على against)

فائت fā’it past, elapsed (time); passing; transitory, transient; passerby

متفاوت mutafāwit different

فوتوغرافيا (It. fotografia) fotūgrāJfiyā photography

فوتوغرافي fotūgrāfiya photographic; photographer

فوتيه (Fr. fauteuil) fūtēh pl. -āt armchair, fauteuil

فوج fauj pl. افواج afwāj group, crowd, troop, band; detachment; party; shift (in a mine); battalion (Ir. till 1922; Syr., Leb.); regiment (Ir. since 1922); افواجا afwājan in droves, in crowds | تبدل الفوج tabaddul al-f. change of shift

فاح (فوح ) fāḥa u (fauḥ, فوحان fawaḥān) to diffuse an aroma, exhale a pleasant odor, be fragrant; to spread, diffuse, emanate (fragrance) | فاح منه شذا القداسة (šāda l-qadāja) he was reputed to be a holy man

فوحة fauḥa fragrant emanation, breath of fragrance

فواح fawwāḥ exhaling, diffusing (fragrance)

فود faud pl. افوهد afwād temple; hair around the temples

1 فار (فور ) fāra u (faur, فور fawarān) to boil, simmer, bubble; to boil over (also fig.); to effervesce, fizz; to flare up, burst into passion; to gush forth, well forth, gush up, shoot up (water from the ground) II to make (هـ s.th.) boil (also fig., e.g., the blood); to excite, stir up (هـ s.th.) IV to make (هـ s.th.) boil

فور faur boiling, simmering, bubbling, ebullition, etc. (see I); فورا fauran at once, right away, instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without delay, promptly, immediately, directly; فور faura (prep.) immediately after | من الفور or من فوره (من فورها etc.) or على الفور at once, right away, instantly, forthwith, on the spot, without delay, promptly, immediately, directly

فورى faurī prompt, instantaneous, instant, immediate, direct

فورة faura flare-up, outburst, tantrum

فوار fawwār boiling up, ebullient; effervescent, fizzing; bubbling (spring, etc.); foaming, frothy; hot-headed, irascible

فوارة fawwāra spring, fountain, jet d’eau

فوران fawarān boiling, simmering, bubbling, ebullition; flare· up, outburst

فائرة fā’ira uproar, riot; commotion, agitation, excitement

2 فار pl. فيران and فارة look up alphabetically

فورشة = فورشة furša

فورشينة (It. forcina) furšīna hairpin

فوريقة = فاوريقة look up alphabetically

فاز (فوز ) fāza u (fauz) to be successful, be victorious, triumph; to attain, achieve, accomplish, obtain, gain, win (ب s.th.); to defeat, beat (على an opponent, ب with; sports, etc.); to escape (من s.th.) | ما فاز بطائل (bi-ṭā’ilin) to fail, be unsuccessful, accomplish nothing II to cross the desert, travel through or in the desert

فوز success, triumph, victory; obtainment, attainment, achievement, accomplishment; escape

مفازة mafāza pl. -āt, مفاوز mafāwiz2 desert

فائز fā’iz successful, victorious, triumphant; victor, winner

فائزة fā’iza victress, winner

فاس fās = فأس fa’s

فوسفات fusfāt phosphate

فاشي and فاشية look up alphabetically

فوصفور fuṣfūr phosphorus

فوض II to entrust, consign, commit (هـ ل or الى to s.o. s.th.); to entrust, charge (هـ ل or الى s.o. with), commission s.o. (ل or الى ) to do s.th. (هـ ); to authorize, empower, delegate (ل or الى s.o.), give full power (ل or الى to s.o.) ill to negotiate (هـ s.th.), treat, parley, confer (في on, about, ه, مع with) VI to negotiate or treat or parley with one another, confer (في on, about); to negotiate (في s.th.), treat, parley, confer (في on, about; مع with)

فوضى fauḍā disorder, disarray, confusion, tohubohu, chaos; anarchy

فوضوي fauḍawī anarchic; chaotic

فوضوية fauḍawīya anarchism

تفويض tafwīḍ entrustment, commitment, consignment, commission(ing), charging; authorization, empowerment, delegation of authority; authority, warrant, authorization, mandate, mandatory power, procuration, proxy, power of attorney | تفويض مطلق (تام ) (muṭlaq, tāmm) general power of attorney, unlimited authority; وثيقة التفويض warrant of attorney

مفاوضة mufāwaḍa pl. -āt negotiation, parley, talk, conference; partnership (Isl. Law) | فتح باب المفاوضات to open negotiations

مفوض mufawwaḍ authorized agent, deputy, proxy, mandatory; commissioner | وزير مفوض minister plenipotentiary (dipl.); المفوض السامي (sāmī) the High Commissioner (formerly in Syr.)

مفوضية mufawwaḍīya pl. -āt legation (dipl.); commissariat | المفوضية العليا (‘ulyā) the High Commissariat (formerly in Syr.); مستشار المفوضية mustašār al-m. counselor of legation (dipl.)

فوطة fūṭa pl. فوط fuwaṯ apron. pinafore; napkin, serviette; towel

فوعة fau‘a: فوعة الشباب fau‘at aš-šbāb prime of youth

فوف fūf pellicle, membrane

فوفة fūfa pellicle, membrane

مفوف mufawwaf: ثوب مفوف (taub) white-striped garment

فاق (فوق ) fāqa u (fauq, فواق fawāq) to surpass, excel, overtop (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), tower (هـ, ه above); to be superior (ه to s.o.); to outweigh, outbalance; to transcend, exceed (هـ s.th.); -- to remember (على s.th.) | فاق بنفسه (فووق fuwūq, فواق fuwāq) to give up the ghost, expire, die II to direct, level (الى ه a weapon at), aim (الى هـ s.th. at); to (a)waken, wake up, revive, restore to consciousness (ه s.o.); to clear, sober (هـ the head); to remind (ه s.o.) IV to recover, recuperate, convalesce (من from), regain health; to wake up, awake; to get up (من النوم min an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to come to, regain consciousness (من after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of intoxication); to awaken, arouse, stir up (من ه s.o. from) V to be superior (على to), surpass, excel, overtop (على s.o., s.th.). tower (على above); to do excellent work, show outstanding skill (ب in, with); to pass an examination with distinction (ل in a course) X to recover, recuperate, convalesce (من from), regain health; to wake up, awaken; to get up (من النوم min an-naum from sleep); to be awake; to come to, regain consciousness (من after, e.g., after a swoon, after a state of intoxication)

فوق fauqu (adv.) up, upstairs, on top, above; fauqa (prep.) above, over; on, on top of; beyond, more than | فوق الحد f. al-ḥadd boundless, unlimited, infinite, excessive, exaggerated; فوق ذلك moreover, besides, furthermore, in addition to that, beyond that; فوق البنفسجي (banafsajī) ultraviolet; فوق الطبيعة supernatural; فوق العادة extraordinary, unusual, exceptional; special, emergency (e.g., meeting); فوق انه in addition to the fact that it ..., beyond its being ...; فما فوقه and upward, and more (than that); من فوقه min fauqihī above it; from above it, from atop it

فوقاني fauqānī located higher or above, higher, upper

فاقة fāqa poverty, want, neediness, indigence

فواق fuwāq hiccup(s); gasping of a dying person, death rattle

افاويق afāwīq2 (pl. of فيقة fīqa) milk (gathering in the udder between two milkings); (fig.) boons, kindness, benefactions | ارضعني افاويق بره arḍa‘anī a. birrihī he showered me with kindnesses

افاقة ifāqa recovery, recuperation, convalescence; awakening; revival, restoration to consciousness

تفوق tafawwuq superiority; preponderance, predominance, ascendancy, supremacy; above-average performance, talent | تشجيع التفوق promotion of young talent

فائق fā’iq superior; surpassing, excellent, exquisite, first-rate; outstanding, remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; exceeding, extraordinary; going far beyond (a restriction, etc.); awake, waking, wakeful

مفيق mafīq awake, waking, wakeful

متفوق mutafawwiq superior; surpassing, excellent, exquisite, first-rate, outstanding, remarkable, striking; pre-eminent; victor

مستفيق mustafīq awake, waking, wakeful

فول fūl (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt bean(s); broad bean(s), horse bean(s) | فول مدمس (eg., mәdammis) cooked broad beans with oil (national dish in Egypt); فول سوداني (sūdānī) peanut(s)

فوال fawwāl seller of beans

فولاذ fūlād steel

فولاذي fūlādī and فلاذي fulādī steel (adj.), of steel, made of steel; steely, steel-like, steel-hard

فولت volt volt (el.)

فوم fūm = ثوم tūm

فونوغراف funūgrāf pl. -āt phonograph

فاه (فوه ) fāha u (fauh) to pronounce, utter, voice, say (ب s.th.) V = I

افواه afwāh pl. of فم fam; -- افواه afwāh, افاويه afāwīh aromatic, spices

فوة fuwa (eg.) madder (Rubia tinctorum L.; bot.)

فوهة fūha pl. -āt, افواه afwāh, فوائه fawā’ih2 mouth; opening, aperture, orifice, hole, vent; muzzle; crater; abyss, gulf, chasm; hydrant (syr.)

افوه afwah2 broad-mouthed

مفوه mufawwah eloquent

في fī (prep.) in; at; on; near, by; within, during; among, in the company of, with; about, on; concerning, regarding, with reference to, with regard or respect to, as to j dealing with, treating of, consisting in (in book titles); for the sake of, on behalf of, because of, for; according to; in proportion to; (as to syntactical regimen see under the respective verb) | هل لك في do you feel like ...? would you like to ...? do you want to ...? خمسة في ثلاثة five times three; خمسة امتار في عشرة five meters by ten (width and length); كذب في كذب (kidb) lie after lie; كلام في كلام (kalām) just so many words, idle talk; نحن اقارب في اقارب our social relations are those of kinsfolk; فيما مضى fīmā maḍā or فيما مضى من الزمان (zamān) in the past; formerly, before; فيما يلي (yalī) and فيما بعد (ba‘du) in the following, in what follows, below; فيما اعتقد (a‘taqidu) as I believe; فيما بينهم among themselves, among them; تبسم في خبث tabassama fī kubt he smiled maliciously

فيما fīmā (conj.) while; in that, as | فيما اذا in case that …, if

1 فاء (فيأ ) fā’a i (فيء fai’) to return; to shift from west to east (shadow) II to afford shadow, be shady (tree) IV to give as booty (هـ على to s.o. s.th.); to give, afford, grant, award (هـ على to s.o. s.th.), bestow (هـ على upon s.o. s.th.) V to shade o.s. (في or هـ with s.th.), seek shade (في or هـ under s.th.)

فيء fai’ pl. افياء afyā’, فيوء fuyū’ (afternoon) shadow

2 فئة see فئ

فيتامين fītāmīn pl. -āt vitamin

فيتنام viyetnām Vietnam

فيتو vītō, vētō veto (pol.) | حق الفيتو ḥaqq al-v. veto power (pol.)

فيتون faitūn phaeton (light four-wheeled carriage)

افيح afyaḥ2, f. فيحاء faiḥā’2 fragrant, redolent, aromatic, sweet-smelling; wide, vast, extensive; الفيحاء epithet of Damascus

فياح fayyāḥ heavy-scented, strong-smelling

(فيد ) IV to benefit, help, avail (ه s.o.), be of use, of help, bring advantages (ه to s.o.), be useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, advantageous (ه for s.o.); to teach (هـ ه s.o. s.th.); to notify, advise (ب or هـ ه s.o. of), acquaint (ب or هـ ه s.o. with s.th.), inform (ب or هـ ه s.o. of, about), let (ه s.o.) know (ب or هـ about); to report (ب or هـ s.th., also, e.g., to the police; بان or ان that); to acquire, gain, win (هـ s.th.); to derive benefit, profit, or advantage (من from), profit, benefit (من by), turn (من s.th.) to account or advantage; (gram.) to convey a complete, self-contained meaning X to acquire, gain, win (هـ s.th.); to learn, be told, be informed (هـ about); to derive benefit profit, or advantage (ب or من from), profit, benefit (ب or من by), turn (ب or من s.th.) to account or advantage; to utilize, turn to profitable use, use (ب or من s.th.), make use (ب or من of s.th.); to gather, conclude, deduce, infer (من from)

افيد afyad2 more useful; more profitable

افادة ifāda utility, usefulness, benefit, advantage; (pl. -āt) notice, notification, communication, information, message; testimony, deposition (in court) | افادة الاستلام acknowledgment of receipt

استفادة istifāda utilization, use

فائدة fā’ida pl. فوائد fawā’id2 utility, avail, benefit, advantage; gain, profit; interest (on money); useful lesson, moral; use (e.g., of a medicine)

مفيد mufīd useful, beneficial, advantageous; favorable, profitable; instructive

مفاد mufād contents, substance, purport, meaning (e.g., of an article) | اشاعة مفادها ان išā‘atun mufāduhā an a rumor to the effect that ...

فيدرالي fīdirālī federalistic | دولة فيدرالية (daula) federal state

فيروز fairūz and فيروزج fairūzaj turquoise

فيروز vairus pl. -āt virus

فيزا , ﭬيزا (Engl.) vīzā visa

فيزياء fīziyā’ physics

فيزيائي fīziyā’ī physical

فيسيولوجيا fīsiyōlōjiyā physiology

1 فيش (Fr. fiche) fīš pl. -āt (electric) plug (syr.)

2 فياش fayyāš braggart, show-off, self-inflated person

فيصل faiṣal see فصل

فاض (فيض ) fāḍa i (faiḍ, فيضان fayaḍān) to overflow, flow over, run over; to inundate, flood, deluge (على s.th.); to flow, stream, pour forth, issue, emanate; to abound, super abound, be abundant, plentiful, superabundant; -- (faiḍ) to spread (of news); -- (faiḍ, فيوض fuyūḍ): فاضت روحه or نفسه (rūḥuhū, nafsuhū) to give up the ghost IV to pour forth; to fill (هـ s.th.) to overflowing; to pour, pour out, pour forth (على هـ s.th. over), shed (هـ s.th., esp. tears); to be prolix, long-winded, verbose (في in one’s speech); to abandon o.s. without restraint (في to s.th.); to speak or report extensively, in detail, at great length (ب about), dwell (ب on), describe in detail (ب على to s.o. s.th.); to pronounce distinctly (ب a word) X to pour forth. spread (على over), flood (على s.th.); to spread (of news); to be superabundant, be too much; to be elaborate, complete in detail, exhaustive, thorough

فيض faiḍ flood, inundation, deluge; emanation; superabundance, plenty, copiousness, abundance; (pl. فيوض fuyūḍ) stream

فياض fayyāḍ overflowing, effusive, exuberant; elaborate, exhaustive (speech); munificent, bountiful, liberal, generous | فياض الخاطر brilliant, overflowing with ideas

فيضان fayaḍān flood, inundation, deluge | فيضان النبل the annual inundation of the Nile

مفيض mafīḍ outlet, vent, drain; escape, way out | ليس لنا منه مفيض we cannot help doing it, we cannot but do it; لا يجد مفيضا من (yajidu) he must by all means ...; لا يجد مفيضا الى الكلام he can’t find an opportunity to speak freely

افاضة ifāḍa elaborateness, detailedness, exhaustiveness

استفاضة istifāḍa (super)abundance, plenty; profusion

فائض fā’iḍ abundant, copious, plentiful, profuse, superabundant; surplus; (pl. فوائض fawā’iḍ2) interest (on money)

مستفيض mustafīḍ elaborate, detailed, extensive, exhaustive, thorough

فايظ (< فائض see above) fāyiẓ usury (eg.)

فايظجي fāyiẓgī usurer (eg.)

فيفاء faifā’2 pl. فياف fayāfin desert

فيكونت (Fr. vicomte) vikōnt and (Engl.) vaikaunt viscount

1 فال (فيل ) fāla i (فيولة fuyūla, فيلولة failūla) to be erroneous (view)

2 فيل fīl pl. فيلة fiyala, فيول fuyūl, افيال afyāl elephant; bishop (chess) | سن الفيل sinn al-f. ivory

فيلا villā pl. فيلات villa, country house

ديدان الفيلاريا dīdān al-fīlāriyā filaria (zool.)

الفيلبين al-fīlibīn the Philippines

فيلج failaj, فيلجة failaja pl. فيالج fayālij2 cocoon of the silkworm

فيلسوف failasūf pl. فلاسفة falāsifa philosopher

فيلق failaq pl. فيالق fayāliq2 large military unit; army corps; corps

فيلم = فلم film film

فيلولوجيا fīlōlōjiyā philology

فيم fīma = فيما fī-mā why? wherefore?

فيما fīmā see في

فينة faina pl. -āt time, point of time, instant, moment | الفينة بعد الفينة (al-fainata), الفينة بعد الأخرى al-fainata ba‘da l-ukrā, بين الفينة والفينة , في الفينة بعد الفينة from time to time, now and then, once in a while, at times, sometimes

فينان fainān having beautiful, luxuriant hair; luxuriant, long, flowing (hair)

فينا , فيينا (It. Vienna) fiyennā, viyēnnā Vienna

فينوس fīnūs Venus

فينيسيا fīnīsiyā Venice

فينيقي fīnīqī Phoenician; (pl. -ūn) a Phoenician

فهيق II tafaihaqa to be prolix, long-winded, circumstantial

فيهقة faihaqa prolixity, long-windedness

الفيوم al-fayyūm El Faiyūm (town in N Egypt)

ق

ق abbreviation of دقيقة daqīqa minute

قادس qādis2 Cádiz (seaport in SW Spain)

قادوس qādūs pl. قواديس qawādīs2 water-wheel bucket, scoop (used in irrigation; Eg.)

قازوزة (It. gasosa) gāzūza soda water (saud.-ar.)

قاشاني qāšānī faïence; porcelain, china

قاف qāf name of the letter ق | جبل القاف jabal al-q. in Islamic cosmology, name of the mountains surrounding the terrestrial world

1 قاقلة qāqulla cardamom (bot.)

2 قاقلى qāqullā a variety of saltwort (Salsola fruticos; bot.)

قاقم qāqum ermine

قالب qālab, qālib pl. قوالب qawālib2 form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix; last, boot tree, shoe tree | قالب جبن (jubn) a (chunk or loaf of) cheese; قالب سكر (sukkar) sugar loaf; قالب صابون (ṣābūn) a cake or bar of soap; قلبا وقالبا (qalban) with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly

قالوش (Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, overshoe

قاموس qāmūs pl. قواميس qawāmīs2 ocean; dictionary, lexicon

احمر قان aḥmar2 qān(in) blood-red, deep-red

قانئ qāni‘ blood-red, deep-red (=قان qānin)

قانون qānūn pl. قوانين qawānīn2 canon; established principle, basic rule, axiom, norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax, impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a stringed musical instrument resembling the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal sound box, set horizontally before the performer | القانون الأساسي (asāsī) basic constitutional law; statutes; قانون التأسيس statutes, constitution; القانون الجنائي (jinā’ī) criminal law; penal law; قانون الأحوال الشخصية (šakšīya) personal statute; القانون الدستوري (dustūrī) constitutional law; القانون الدولي (duwalī) international law; قانون المرافعات q. al-murāfa‘āt code of procedure (jur.; Eg.); قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية (Syr.); قانون السلك الإداري as-silk al-idārī administrative law; قانون كيماوي (kīmāwī) chemical formula; القانون المدني (madanī) civil law

قانوني qanūnī canonical; legal, statutory; lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, jurisprudent, jurist | صيدلي قانوني (ṣaidalī) certified and licensed pharmacist; غير قانوني gair q. illegal

قانونية qānūnīya legality, lawfulness

قاورمة qāwirma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in small pieces and braised with squash (qar‘) or onions and tomatoes

قاوق qāwuq and قاووق qāwūq pl. قواويق qawāwīq2 a kind of high headgear made of felt

قاوون qāwūn melon

قايش qāyiš pl. قوايش qawāyiš leather thong, strap, belt, girth; strop

1 قب qabba u (qabb) to chopoff, cut off (هـ s.th., e.g., the hand); to straighten up, draw o.s. up, become erect; to rise, ascend; to stand on end, bristle (hair)

قب qabb pl. اقب aqubb hub, nave (of a wheel); lever, beam (of a balance)

قبة qubba pl. قباب qibāb, قبب qubab cupola, dome; cupolaed structure, dome-shaped edifice; domed shrine, memorial shrine, kubba (esp., of a saint) | قبة الجرس q. al-jaras belfry, bell tower; قبة الإسلام q. al-islām epithet of the city of Basra

مقبب muqabbab cupolaed, domed, spanned by a cupola or dome; convex

2 قب qabba pl. -āt collar (of a garment)

قبج qabj, qabaj (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. قباج qibāj a kind of partridge

قبح qabuḥa u (qubḥ, qabḥ, قباحة qabāḥa) to be ugly, repulsive, repugnant, disgusting (physically or morally); to be ignominious, infamous, shameful, disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean II to make ugly, repulsive, or repugnant, disfigure (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to denounce s.o.’s action (عليه فعله ‘a. fi‘lahū) as ugly, ignominious, infamous, shameful, or disgraceful; to censure, rebuke (عليه فعله s.o. for his action) X to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) ugly, repugnant, or repulsive, find (هـ s.th.) ignominious, infamous, shameful, disgraceful, foul, vile, base, or mean; to disapprove (هـ of s.th.), dislike (هـ s.th.)

قبح qubḥ, qabḥ ugliness; ignominy, infamy, shamefulness | قبحا له shame on him!

قبيح qabīḥ pl. قباح qibāḥ, قباحى qabāḥā, قبحى qabḥā ugly, repulsive, repugnant, disgusting (physically or morally); ignominious, infamous, shameful, disgraceful, foul, vile, base, mean; impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent

قبيحة qabīḥa pl. قبائح qabā’iḥ2, قباح qibāḥ abomination, shameful deed, dirty trick, low act

قباحة qabāḥa ugliness; ignominy, infamy, shamefulness

اقبح aqbaḥ2 uglier; more infamous; fouler, viler

مقابح maqābiḥ2 ugly traits, repulsive qualities

1 قبار qubbār, qabbār capers (bot.)

2 قبر qabara u i (qabr, مقبر maqbar) to bury, inter, entomb (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

قبر qabr pl. قبور qubūr grave, tomb, spulcher

قبر maqbar pl. مقابر maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial ground; cemetery, graveyard

مقبرة maqbura, maqbara pl. مقابر maqābir2 tomb, burying place, burial ground; cemetery, graveyard

مقبري maqburī, maqbarī caretaker of a cemetery; gravedigger

3 قبر qubbar (coll.; n. un. ة ) lark (zool.)

قبرص qubruṣ2 and قبرس qubrus2 Cyprus

قبرصي qubruṣī Cyprian, Cypriote (adj. and n.); القبارصة al-qabāriṣa the Cypriotes

قبس qabasa i (qabs) to derive, acquire, loan, borrow, adopt, take over (من هـ s.th. from) VIII to take, or seek to take, fire (من from, also نارا من ); to acquire or seek to acquire knowledge (من from, also علما من ); to learn (هـ s.th.); to loan, borrow, adopt, take over (من or هـ عن s.th. from)

قبس qabas firebrand; live coal

قبسة qabsa firebrand

قابوس qābūs nightmare

اقتباس iqtibās learning, acquisition (of knowledge); loaning, loan, borrowing (fig); adoption, taking over, acceptance, adaptation (of a literary text or passage); quotation, citation (of another’s literary work or ideas)

مقتبسات muqtabasāt loans, borrowings (fig.)

قبص qabaṣa i (qabṣ) to take up with finger and thumb (هـ s.th.), take a pinch (هـ of s.th.)

قبصة qabṣa, qubṣa as much as may be taken between the finger and the thumb, a pinch

قبض qabaḍa i (qabḍ) to seize, take, grab, grasp, grip, clasp, clutch (على or ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), take hold, take possession (على or ب or هـ, ه of); to hold (على, ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to apprehend, arrest (على s.o.); to receive, collect (هـ s.th., e.g., money); to contract, constringe (هـ s.th.); to constipate (البطن al-baṭna the bowels); to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress (ه s.o.); pass. qubiḍa or قبضت روحه qubiḍat rūḥuhū to die | قبضه الله or قبض الله روحه (rūḥahū) God made him die; قبض يده عن (yadahū) to keep o.s. from seizing s.o. or s.th.; to be ungenerous, be stingy toward; قبض الصدر (النفس ) (ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress II to contract, constringe (هـ s.th.); to give (هـ s.th.) into s.o.’s (ه ) possession; to pay (هـ a price) | قبض الصدر (النفس ) (ṣadr, nafs) to oppress, deject, dishearten, dispirit, depress V to contract, become contracted; to shrink, shrivel; to be constipated (bowels) VII = V; to be received; to shut o.s. off (عن from, to), close one's mind (عن to); to be dejected, depressed, dispirited, ill at ease, also انقبض صدره (ṣadruhū)

قبض qabḍ gripping, grasping, seizing, seizure, holding; taking possession, appropriation; apprehension, arrest (على of s.o.); receiving, receipt (esp., of money); contraction, constriction, constipation | القبض والدفع (daf‘) revenues and expenditures; القى القبض عليه (alqā l-qabḍa) to arrest s.o.

قبضة qabḍa pl. qabaḍāt seizure; grip, hold, clasp, grasp; handful; (Eg.) a linear measure of 12.5 cm; -- (pl. قباض qibāḍ) handle, haft, hilt | قبضة اليد q. al-yad fist; في قبضته in s.o.’s possession, in s.o.’s hands, in s.o.’s power; في قبضة يده do.; وقع في قبضته to fall into s.o.’s hands

قبضة qubḍa pl. قبض qubaḍ handful

قباضة qibāḍa raising, collecting, levying (of funds, of taxes)

قبضاى qabaḍāy pl. -āt (syr., leb.) strong-arm (esp. one serving as bodyguard for politicians and prominent personalities); tough, bully

مقبض maqbiḍ, miqbaḍ pl. مقابض maqābḍ2 handle, haft, hilt

مقبض miqbaḍ pl. مقابض maqābiḍ2 handle, knob, grip (also, e.g., of a walking stick)

تقابض taqābuḍ (Isl. Law) a reciprocal taking possession (of a commodity and its monetary equivalent by buyer and seller respectively)

انقباض inqibāḍ contraction, shriveling, shrinking, shrinkage; constipation (of the bowels); oppression, anguish, anxiety, dejectedness, depression, low spirits, gloom, also انقباض الصدر inq. aṣ-ṣadr

قابض qābiḍ constipating, costive (med.); grievous, distressing, embarrassing; receiver, recipient; gripper, clamp, claw, catcher, tongs, holder (techn.); (pl. -ūn, قباض qubbāḍ) (tax) collector | عضلة قابضة (‘aḍala) flexor; قابض على الأمر (amr) ruler, potentate

مقبوض maqbūḍ: مقبوض عليه person under arrest; (pl. -āt, مقابيض maqābīḍ2) revenue (fin.)

منقبض mungabiḍ oppressed, worried, dispirited, disheartened, downcast, dejected, depressed, ill at ease | منقبض الصدر (النفس ) m. aṣ-ṣadr (or an-nafs) do.

1 قبط II قبط وجهه (wajhahū) to knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower

2 القبط al-qibṭ, al-qubṭ pl. الأقباط al-aqbāṭ the Copts

قبطي qibṭī, qubṭī Coptic; Copt

3 قبطان qubṭān pl. قباطين qabāṭīn2, قباطنة qabāṭina captain (of a ship and, in Tun., as a military rank = Fr. capitaine)

قبع qaba‘a a (قبوع qubū‘) to retract the head (hedgehog); to crouch, squat, sit; -- (qab‘, قباع qibā‘, qubā‘) to grunt (hog); to trumpet (elephant); -- (qab‘) to drink in hasty gulps (eg.)

قبعة qubba‘a pl. -āt hat; cap; (syr.) small felt cap

مقبع muqabba‘ wearing a bat, hatted

قبقب qabqaba to swell, bulge

قبقاب qabqāb pl. قباقيب qabāqīb2 wooden clog, patten | قبقاب انزلاق skate

قباقيبي qabāqībī: مسمار قباقيبي (mismār) small nail, blue tack (eg.)

قبل qabila a (قبول qabūl, qubūl) to accept (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to receive (kindly, hospitably) (ه s.o.), give (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) a friendly reception, receive (هـ s.th.) favorably, approve (هـ, ه of s.o., of s.th.); to acquiesce (هـ in s.th.), put up (هـ with s.th.), agree, consent, assent (هـ to, also ب ); to admit (في هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); to obey (من s.o.), yield, give in (من to s.o.), submit to s.o.’s (من ) command; -- qabila a and qabala u i (قبالة qabāla) to guarantee, vouch, be surety (ب for) | قبل الذهاب معي (dahāba) he was willing to go with me; qabila with acc. of a maṣdar frequently corresponds to an English adjective in -able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., داء يقبل الشفاء (šifā’a) a curable disease, بضائع تقبل الالتهاب (highly) combustible merchandise; اثمان لا تقبل المزاحمة (muzāḥamata) prices that are beyond competition; قبل شكا (šakkan) to admit doubt II to kiss (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); (eg.) to go south(ward) III to b. or stand exactly opposite s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), be face to face (هـ, ه with); to confront, face, counter (ه s.o.; هـ ب s.th. with, e.g., a situation with caution); to meet (ه s.o.; ب هـ s.th., e.g., a danger, with, by); to encounter (ه s.o.), run across s.o. (ه ); to visit (ه s.o.), call on s.o. (ه ); to meet, get together, have a talk or interview (ه with s.o.); to interview (ه s.o.); to receive (in audience) (ه s.o.), grant an audience (ه to s.o.); to receive (ب, هـ s.o., s.th. with, e.g., a news with joy); to repay, return, requite (ب هـ s.th. with); to compare, collate (على or ب هـ s.th. with) | قابله على الرحب والساعة (raḥb, sā‘a) to welcome s.o. or s.th.; قابله بالمثل (bi-l-mitl) to return like for like IV to turn forward; to draw near, come close to s.o. or to a place (على ), approach (على s.o., a place); to advance (على to, toward); to turn (على to. toward); to embark, enter (على upon s.th.), engage (على in); to give one’s attention, devote o.s. (على to s.o., to s.th.), dedicate o.s., apply o.s., attend (على to s.th.), occupy o.s. (على with); to take an interest, become or be interested (على in); to go, come (الى to); to be abundant (crop); (with foll. imperf.) to begin to do | اقبل عليه الدهر (dahru) or اقبل عليه الدنيا (dunya) luck is on his side, fortune smiles on him V to accept, receive (هـ s.th.); to hear, grant (دعاءه du‘ā’ahū s.o.’s prayer; of God) VI to be opposite each other, face each other; to meet (e.g., two persons); to get together, have a meeting; meet (مع with); to be compared, be collated VIII to receive (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to apply o.s. gladly and willingly (هـ to s.th.) X to turn one’s face (هـ, ه to s.o., toward s.th.); to go to meet, to meet (ه s.o.); to face, confront, meet (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume (هـ s.th.); to receive (ه a visitor, a guest; هـ s.th., e.g., a radio broadcast)

قبل qablu (adv.) or من قبل min qablu and قبلا qablan previously, formerly, earlier, before; من ذي قبل (qablu), عن ذي قبل (after a comparative) than before; qabla (prep.) before, prior to | قبل كل شيء qabla kull šai’in first of all, above all; من قبل min qabli before, prior to; قبل ان (conj.) before

قبلئذ qabla’idin previously, formerly, once, in former times

قبيل qubaila (prep.) shortly before, prior to; قبيل ان (conj.) shortly before

قبل qubl, qubul fore part, front part, front, face | من قبل (qubulin) in front; from the front, from in front

قبل qibal power, ability; -- qibala (prep.) in the presence of, before. near; in the direction of, toward | لا قبل له (qibala) he has no power over it, it is not in his power; he is incapable of accomplishing it; من قبل min qibali on the part of, from, by; من قبل نفسه by himself (or itself), of his (or its) own accord; لي قبله دين lī qibalahū dain he owes me a debt, he is indebted to me

قبلة qubla pl. qublāt, qubulāt, قبل qubal kiss

قبلة qibla kiblah, direction to which Muslims turn in praying (toward the Kaaba); recess in a mosque indicating the direction of the Kaaba, prayer niche | اولى القبلتين ūlā l-qiblatain the first of the two kiblahs, i.e. Jerusalem; قبلة الأنظار q. al-anẓār focus of attention, target of all eyes, ideal, goal sought after and aspired to; قبلة الاهتمام object of widespread interest, focus of attention

قبلى qiblī southern, south | الوجه القبلي (wajh) Upper Egypt

قبول qabūl, qubūl (friendly) reception; welcome; acceptance; concurrence, consent, assent, approval, admission, admittance; with foll. maṣdar corresponding to English abstract nouns in -ability, -ibility, -ivity, -ality, e.g., عدم قبول التفرقة ‘adam q. at-tafriqa indivisibility

قبيل qabīl guarantor, bail(sman), surety; kind, specimen, species, sort; tribe | من هذا القبيل of this kind, like this, such; in this respect; من قبيل الإيضاح (q. il-īḍāḥ by way of illustration, as an explanation; من كل قبيل ودبير (dabīr) of every origin (whatsoever); ليس من هذا الأمر في قبيل ولا دبير he is not in the least involved in this affair, he has absolutely nothing to do with this affair

قبيلة qabīla pl. قبائل qabā’il2 tribe

قبلي qabalī tribal

قبالة qabāla bail, guaranty, suretyship, liability, responsibility; contract, agreement

قبالة qibāla midwifery, obstetrics

قبالة qubālata (prep.) opposite, face to face with, vis-à-vis, in front of

تقبيل taqbīl kissing

قبال qibāla (prep.) opposite, face to face with, vis-à-vis, in front of

مقابلة muqābala encounter; meeting; conversation, talk, discussion; interview; audience; reception; comparison, collation | مقابلة ذلك muqābalata d. or في مقابلة ذلك in return for that, in exchange for that, in compensation for that, as an equivalent for that, for that, therefor; تشريح المقابلة comparative anatomy; المقابلة بالمثل (bi-l-mitl) requital; retaliation, reprisal; أخذ بالمقابلة to return like for like

اقبال iqbāl drawing near, advance, approach; coming, arrival, advent; turning, application, attention, response, responsiveness (على to), concern (على for), intereot (على in), demand; good fortune, prosperity, welfare | اقبالا وادبارا iqbālan wa-idbāran back and forth, to and fro, up end down

تقبل taqabbul receptivity, susceptibility, sensibility

اقتبال iqtibāl reception

استقبال istiqbāl pl. -āt reception; opposition (astron.); full moon (as an astronomical aspect); the future; استقبالا istiqbālan in the future | آلة الاستقبال receiving set, receiver; غرفة الاستقبال gurfat al-ist. reception room, parlor; كان في استقباله he was present to greet him, he had come to meet him, he received him

قابل qābil obstetrician, accoucheur; coming, next (e.g., month); subject, liable, susceptible, disposed (ل to s.th.); O receiver (radio); with foll. ل and maṣdar corresponding to English adjectives in -able, -ible, -ive, -al, e.g., قابل للموت (li-l-maut) mortal; قابل للشفاء curable; قابل للالتهاب (highly) combustible, inflammable; قابل للتوصيل conductive (el.); غير قابل للرجوع irrevocable; يكون جواز السفر قابلا للتجديد اربع مرات (jawāz as-safar, arba‘a marrātin) the passport can be renewed four times

قابلة qābila pl. -āt, قوابل qawābil2 midwife, accoucheuse; -- (pl. قوابل qawābil2) receptacle, container; -- pl. قوابل beginnings

قابلية qābilīya faculty, power, capacity, capability, ability; aptitude, fitness; tendency, disposition, liability, susceptibility, sensibility, receptivity (ل to); appetite | قابلية للتوصيل conductivity (el.); قابلية القسمة q. al-qisma divisibility; cf. قابل

مقبول maqbūl acceptable, reasonable; satisfactory (as an examination grade; Eg.); pleasing, obliging, complaisant, amiable; well-liked, likable, popular, welcome

مقبلات muqabbilāt appetizers, hors d’oeuvres

مقابل muqābil facing, opposite; counter- (in compounds); equivalent, wages, remuneration, recompense | مقابل ذلك (muqābila) or في مقابل ذلك accordingly, in accordance with that, in return for that, in exchange for that, in compensation for that, as an equivalent for that, for that, therefor; مقابل تقديم الكوبون upon presentation of the coupon; مائة سفينة مقابل خمسين في العام السابق (mi’at safīna m. kamsīn 100 ships as compared with 50 the previous year; بدون مقابل or من غير مقابل without compensation, for nothing, gratis

مقبل muqbil coming, next (e.g., month, year)

مقتبل muqtabal: في مقتبل العمر fī m. il-‘umr in the prime of life; مقتبل الليل (muqtabala l-lail) at the beginning of the night, early at night

مستقبل mustaqbil receiving set, receiver (radio)

مستقبل mustaqbal front part, front, face; future (adj.); the future

قبن II to weigh (with a steelyard) (هـ s.th.)

قبان qabbān steelyard; scale beam; platform scale, weighbridge

1 قباء qabā’ pl. اقيةن aqbiya an outer garment with full-length sleeves

2 قبا (قبو ) qabā u to vault, arch, camber, curve, bend (هـ s.th.)

قبو qabw pl. اقبية aqbiya vault; vaulted roof; cellar; tunnel, gallery, drift, adit (mining); O prompt box | O قبو الوقاية من الغارات الجوية (jawwīya) air-raid shelter

قبوة qabwa vault

قباء qibā’ interval, interspace, distance

قبودان qabūdān captain

قت qatta u (qatt) to render falsely, misrepresent, depreciate, belittle, minimize (هـ s.th.); to lie VIII to uproot, root out, extirpate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.)

قتات qattāt slanderer, calumniator

قتب qatab pl. اقتاب aqtāb (eg.) hunch, hump

مقوتب muqautab hunchbacked

قتاد qatād tragacanth (Astragalus; bot.) | على قتاد he was sitting on a bed of thorns

قتر qatara u i (qatr, قتور qutūr) and II to be stingy, tightfisted, niggardly, parsimonious (على toward s.o.), keep (على s.o.) short, stint (على s.o.) IV do.; to live in straitened circumstances, be or become poor

قتر qatr stinginess, niggardliness, parsimony (على toward)

قترة qatara dust

قتار quṭār aroma, smell (of s.th. fried or cooked)

تقتير taqtīr stinginess, niggardliness, parsimony (على toward)

قاتر qātir stingy, tightfisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (على toward)

مقتر muqattir, muqtir stingy, tightfisted, miserly, niggardly, parsimonious (على toward)

قتل qatala u (qatl) to kill, slay, murder, assassinate (ه s.o.); to mitigate, alleviate (هـ s.th., e.g., البرد al-barda the cold, الجوع al-jū‘a the hunger); to mix, dilute (ب هـ s.th. with, e.g., wine with water); to know, master (هـ s.th., e.g., a skill) | قتله خبرا (علما ) (kubran, ‘ilman) or قتله درسا وبحثا (darsan wa-baḥtan) to know or master s.th. (e.g., a skill, a field of study) thoroughly; قتل الموضوع بحثا (baḥtan) to study a topic most thoroughly, treat a subject exhaustively; قتل الدهر خبرة (dahra kibratan) to have long experience with life, be worldly wise II to kill, massacre (هم people), cause carnage (هم among people) III to combat, battle (ه s.o.), fight (ه s.o., with s.o., or against s.o.) | قاتله الله lit.: may God fight him! i.e., approx.: damned bastard! VI and VIII to fight with one another, combat each other X to risk one’s life, defy death

قتل qatl killing; manslaughter, homicide; murder, assassination | قتل بسبب (bi-sababin) indirect killing (Isl. Law); قتل الخطأ q. al-kaṭa’ accidental homicide (jur.); القتل العمد (‘amd) or القتل العمدي (‘amdī) or القتل عمدا (‘amdan) or القتل العمد مع سبق الإصرار (sabqi l-iṣrār) premeditated murder

قتل qitl pl. اقتال aqtāl enemy, foe, adversary, opponent

قتيل qatīl pl. قتلى qatlā killed; killed in battle, fallen; one killed in battle, casualty | قتيل الحرب q. al-ḥarb man killed in war

قتال qattāl murderous, deadly, lethal

اقتل aqtal2 deadlier, more lethal in effect

مقتل maqtal murder, death; murderous battle; (pl. مقاتل maqātil2) vital part of the body (the injury of which will bring about death), mortal spot, mortal organ; Achilles’ heel, vulnerable spot | ضربه في مقاتله (ḍarabahū) or اصاب منه المقتل (aṣāba) he hit him at his most vulnerable spot

مقتلة maqtala pl. -āt butchery, slaughter, carnage, massacre

تقتيل butchery, slaughter, carnage, massacre

قتال qitāl fight, struggle, contention (against); combat, strife, battle | ساحة القتال battlefield

مقاتلة muqātala fight, struggle, contention (against); combat, strife

تقاتل taqātul mutual struggle

قاتل qātil killing, murdering; deadly, lethal, mortal, fatal; (pl. قتال quttāl, قتلة qatala) killer, manslayer; murderer, assassin

قاتلات qātilāt lethal agents (ل against)

مقتل muqattal experienced, practiced, tried, tested

مقاتل muqatil fighter, combatant, warrior; fighting, combat-, battle- (in compounds)

مقاتلة muqatila (coli.) combatants, warriors, fighting forces

مقاتلة muqātila pl. -āt combat plane, light bomber

مقتتل muqtatal battlefield, battleground

مستقتل mustaqtil death-defying, heroic

قتم qatama u (قتوم qutūm) to rise (dust) IX to be dark(-colored), blackish

قتمة qutma, qatama dark or blackish color, darkness, gloom

قتام qatām dark or blackish color, darkness, gloom

اقتم aqtam2 dark-colored, blackish, dark

قاتم qātim pl. قواتم qawātim2 black, dark | اسود قاتم pitch-black

1 قث qatta u (qatt) and VIII to pull out, tear out, uproot (هـ s.th.)

2 قثاء qittā’, quttā’ (coll.; n. un. ة ) cucumber

قثاطير qatāṭīr2 catheter

O قثطرة qatṭara catheter

1 قح qaḥḥa to cough

2 قح quḥḥ pl. اقحاح aqḥāḥ pure, sheer, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine

قحبة qaḥba pl. قحاب qiḥāb whore, harlot, prostitute

قحط qaḥaṭa a (qaḥṭ, قحوط quḥūṭ) and qaḥiṭa a (qaḥaṭ) to be withheld, fail to set in (rains); active and pass. quḥiṭa to be rainless (year) II to pollinate (النخلة an-naklata the palm tree); (eg.) to scratch off, scrape off (هـ s.th.) IV to be rainless (year)

قحط qaḥṭ want of rain, rainleseness; drought, dryness; famine; dearth, lack, want, scarcity

قحطان qaṭān2 legendary ancestor of the South Arabians

قحف qaḥafa a (qaḥf) to swallow, gulp down (هـ s.th.); to sweep away, carry away (هـ s.th.; of a river) VIII = I

قحف qiḥf pl. قحوف quḥūf, اقحاف aqḥāf, قحفة qiḥafa skull; cranium, brainpan

قحاف quḥāf torrential (river)

قحل qaḥila a (qaḥal) and pass. quḥila to be or become dry or arid, dry up, wither

قحل qaḥal dryness aridity

قحل qaḥil dry, arid

قحولة quḥūla dryness, aridity

قحلاء qaḥlā’ f. dry

قاحل qāḥil dry, arid

قحم IV to push, drag (في ه s.o. into s.th.), involve (في ه s.o. in); to introduce forcibly, cram (في ه s.th. into) | اقحم نفسه بينهم (nafsahū) he squeezed himself between them VIII to plunge, rush, hurtle (هـ into s.th.); to break (هـ into s.th.), intrude, invade (هـ s.th.); to burst (هـ into a room); to jump, leap, dive (هـ into s.th.); to rush, dart (هـ at); to storm, take by storm (هـ s.th.); to embark boldly (هـ upon s.th.); to defy (هـ danger, hardships, etc.)

قحمة kuḥma pl. قحم quḥam danger one rushes into. hazardous undertaking

مقحام miqḥām pl. مقاحيم maqāḥīm2 one who plunges heedlessly into danger, reckless, daring, foolhardy

اقحام iqḥām dragging in, implicating, involvement

اقتحام iqtiḥām brooking in, inrush, irruption, intrusion, obtrusion; inroad, invasion, incursion; storming, capture by storm

اقحوان uqḥuwān pl. اقاح aqāḥin, اقاحي aqāḥīy camomile (bot.); daisy (bot.)

1 قد qad (particle) with foll. perf. indicates the termination of an action; sometimes corresponding to English “already”; with foll. imperf.: sometimes, at times; perhaps, or English “may”, “might”

2 قد qadda u (qadd) to cut lengthwise, cut into strips (هـ s.th.); to cut off (هـ s.th.); to chop off (هـ s.th.); to cut out, carve out (هـ s.th.) | قد قلبه من حجر qudda qalbuhū min ḥajarin to have a heart of stone II = I; to cut into strips and dry (هـ s.th., e.g., meat, fruits), to jerk (هـ meat) VII to split, burst (also, e.g., with laughter) VIII = I

قد qidd pl. اقد aqudd strip (of leather), strap, thong

قدة qidda pl. قدد qidad rail; ruler | طرائق قددا tafarraqū ṭarā’iqa qidadan to split into many parts or groups, break up, dissolve

قديد qadīd meat cut into strips and dried, jerked meat

قد qadd pl. قدود qudūd shape, build, frame, physique, stature, height, figure;

(eg.) size, bulk, volume, quantity | على قده of the same size, of equal size, just as (large)

قدح qadaḥa a (qadḥ) to bore, pierce (في s.th.); to slander, defame, malign, vilify (في s.o.); to rebuke, censure, blame (في s.o.); to reprove, reproach, chide (في s.o.); to reject as objectionable (في a witness, a testimony); to impair, depreciate, belittle, lessen, diminish, degrade (ب or في s.th.), detract (ب or في from); to violate, infringe (في s.th.), offend (في against); to strike fire (with a flint) (also with النار an-nāra) | قدح زناد الفكر (z. al-fikr) to ponder, think hard, rack one’s brain; قدح فكره (fikrahū) to think hard; قدح شررا (šararan) to strike or emit sparks VIII to strike fire (with a flint), also اقتدح النار ; to weigh, consider (هـ s.th.)

قدح qadḥ slander, calumniation, calumny, defamation, vilification, aspersion; censure, rebuke, reproof, reproach; depreciation, detraction (ب of في from), impairment

قدح qidḥ, pl. قداح qidāḥ, اقدح aqduḥ, اقداح aqdāḥ, اقاديح aqādīḥ2 arrow shaft; arrow; divining arrow, arrow used for oracles | القدح المعلى (mu‘allā) the seventh of the divining arrows used in the ancient Arabian game of maisir, i.e., the best of them which won seven shares of the slaughtered camel, hence: له القدح المعلى في to be the principal agent in, have a major impact on, exert decisive influence on, be of crucial importance for

قدح qadaḥ pl. اقداح aqdāḥ drinking bowl; (drinking) cup; goblet; glass, tumbler; tea glass; keddah, a dry measure (Eg. = 1/96 اردب ardabb = 2.0621)

قداح qaddāḥ and قداحة qaddāḥa pl. -āt flint; fire steel, fire iron (for striking sparks from flint); flint and steel; lighter (e.g., for cigarettes)

مقدحة miqdaḥa fire steel, fire iron (for striking sparks from flint)

قدر qadara u i (qadr) to decree, ordain, decide (هـ s.th.; of God) -- qadara i (قدرة qudra, مقدرة maqdura, maqdara, maqdira) and qadira a (qadar) to possess strength, power, or ability; to have power (على over s.th.), be master (على of s.th.), be equal (على to s.th.), be up to s.th. (على ); to have the possibility to do (على s.th.), be in a position to do s.th. (ان or على ), be able to do s.th. (ان or على ), be capable (ان or على of) II to appoint, assign, determine, ordain, decree (هـ s.th., على for s.o.; of God); to predetermine, foreordain, (pre)destine (هـ هـ s.th.; of God); to appraise (هـ s.th.; with respect to its worth and amount), assess, estimate, calculate, tax, evaluate, value, rate (ب هـ s.th. at); to anticipate, foresee (هـ s.th.); to surmise, guess, presume, suppose, believe, think, be of the opinion (ان that); to esteem highly, value, treasure, prize, cherish (ه s.o., هـ s.th., هـ ل s.th. in s.o., because of s.th. s.o.); to appreciate (هـ s.th.); to enable (على ه s.o. to do s.th.), put (ه s.o.) in a position (على to do s.th.); (gram.) to imply in an expression (ل or هـ ) another (ب or هـ ) as virtually existing | لا قدر الله (which) God forbid! قدر فكان (quddira) the inevitable happened! قدره حق قدره (ḥaqqa qadrihi) to attach the proper value to s.o. or s.th., fully appreciate the value of s.o. or s.th.; لا يقدر lā yuqaddaru inestimable, invaluable, immeasurable, immense, huge, enormous, tremendous IV to enable (على ه s.o. to do s.th.), put (ه s.o.) in a position (على to do s.th.) V to he appointed, assigned, determined, ordained, destined, fated, decreed VIII = I qadara i X to ask (ه God) for strength or ability

قدر qadr pl. اقدار aqdār extent, scope, quantity, amount, scale, rate, measure, number; sum, amount; degree, grade; worth, value, standing, rank; divine decree | ليلة القدر lailat al-q. the night in which, according to sura 97, the Koran was revealed, celebrated during the night between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; قدر من a certain extent of, a certain degree of; قدر qadra, بقدر bi-qadri, على قدر commensurate with, corresponding to, according to, in proportion to; بقدر ما bi-qadri mā in the same measure as, to the same extent as, as much as, as large as; على قدر ما ‘alā qadrin mā to a certain extent, relatively; قدر المستطاع qadra l-mustaṭā‘, بقدر المستطاع, على قدر المستطاع, قدر الطاقة qadra ṭ-ṭ., قدر الإمكان qadra l-imkān, بقدر الإمكان and على قدر الإمكان as far as possible, as much as possible, in the best way possible, to the best of one’s abilities; اغلبية قدرها مائة صوت aglabīya qadruha mi’atu ṣautin a majority of a hundred votes; ذوو قدرة dawū q. people of distinction, important people

قدر qadar pl. اقدار aqdār divine fore-ordainment, predestination; fate, destiny, lot | مذهب القدر madhab al-q. fatalism; القضاء والقدر (qaḍā’) fate and divine decree; قضاء وقدرا qaḍā’an wa-qadaran or بالقضاء والقدر by fate and divine decree; قدر جاء على he arrived just at the right time

القدرية al-qadarīya a theological school of early Islam asserting man’s free will

قدر qidr m. and f., pl. قدور qudūr cooking pot, kettle, pot

قدرة qidra cooking pot, kettle, pot

قدرة qadara small bottle, flask

قدرة qudra faculty (على of), power, strength (على for), potency; capacity, ability, capability, aptitude; omnipotence (of God) | O القدر على العمل (‘amal) power, capacity (techn., phys.); O القدر على الانتقاء selectivity (radio)

قدير qadīr possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having mastery (على over s.th.), capable (على of s.th.); omnipotent, almighty, all-powerful (God)

اقدر aqdar2 mightier, more powerful; more capable (على of), abler (على to do s.th.)

مقدرة maqdura, maqdara, maqdira faculty (على of), power, strength (على for), potency; capacity, ability, capability, aptitude | O المقدرة الحربية (ḥarbīya) military resources, military potential

مقدار miqdār pl. مقادير maqādīr2 measure; extent in space and time; scope, extent, scale, rate, range; quantity; amount | مقدار ادنى (adnā) a minimum; مقدار اقصى (aqṣā) a maximum; بمقدار ما bi-miqdāri mā to the same extent or degree as …; as much as ...; بهذا المقدار to such an extent or degree, so much; بمقدار to a certain extent or degree, somewhat, a little

تقدير taqdīr pl. -āt, تقادير taqādīr2 estimation, appraisal, assessment, taxation, rating; calculation, estimate, valuation; appreciation; esteem; assumption, surmise, supposition, proposition; implication of a missing syntactical part (gram.); (pl. -āt) grading, evaluation (of achievement; school, university); تقديرا taqdīran by implication, implicitly, virtually | تقديرا لهذا in appreciation of this; على اقل تقدير ‘alā aqalli t. at least; على اكثر التقدير at most; عن مبلغ تقديري ‘an mablagi taqdīrī as far as I can judge for myself

اقتدار iqtidār might, power, strength, potency; ability, capability, faculty, capacity, efficiency, aptitude

قادر qādir possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having mastery (على vover s.th.), being equal (قدر to s.th.); capable (على of s.th.), able (على to do s.th.); efficient, capable, talented

مقدور maqdūr decreed (على against, by fate); (pl. مقادير maqādīr2) destiny, fate; (pl. -āt) faculty, capability, ability; potential, resources | في مقدوره ان to be able to …, be capable of ..., be in a position to ..., have the possibility to ...

مقدر muqaddir estimator, appraiser, assessor, taxer

مقدر muqaddar decreed, foreordained, predestined; implied, implicit, virtual; مقدرات fates, destinies; estimates, preliminary calculations

مقتدر muqtadir possessing power or strength, powerful, potent; having mastery (على over s.th.), being equal (على to s.th.); able (على to do s.th.), capable (على of); efficient capable, talented

1 قدس qadusa u (quds, qudus) to be holy, be pure II to hallow, sanctify (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to dedicate. consecrate (هـ s.th.); to declare to be holy, glorify (الله God); to hold sacred, venerate, revere, reverence, worship (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); (Chr.) to canonize (ه s.o.); (Chr.) to say Mass, celebrate | قدس الله سره (sirrahū) may God sanctify his secret! (eulogy used when mentioning the name of a deceased Muslim saint) V to be hallowed, be sacred or sanctified

قدس quds, qudus holiness, sacredness, sanctity; (pl. اقداس aqdas) sanctuary, shrine; القدس al-quds Jerusalem | قدس الأقداس the holy of holies (Chr., Jud.); روح القدس, الروح القدس (ar-)rūḥ al-qudus the Holy Ghost (Chr.)

قدسي qudsī holy, sacred; saintly; saint

قدسية qudsīya holiness, sacredness, sanctity; saintliness

قداس quddās pl. -āt, قداديس qadādīs2 Mass (Chr.)

قداسة qadāsa holiness, sacredness, sanctity; saintliness | قداسة البابا His Holiness the Pope

قدوس qaddūs, quddūs most holy; القدوس the Most Holy, the All-Holy (God)

قديس qiddīs pl. -ūn holy, saintly; Christian saint | عيد كل القديسين ‘īd kull al-q. All Saints’ Day (Chr.)

اقدس aqdas2 more hallowed, more sacred, holier

بيت المقدس bait al-maqdis Jerusalem

تقديس taqdīs sanctification, hallowing; dedication, consecration; celebration (Chr.); Consecration (as part of the Roman Catholic Mass; Chr.); reverence, veneration, worship

مقدس muqaddis reverent, reverential, venerative

مقدس muqaddas hallowed. sanctified, dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred; pl. -āt sacred things, sacrosanct things | الأرض (البلاد) المقدسة (arḍ) the Holy Land, Palestine; البيت المقدس (bait) Jerusalem; البيت ال مقدس the Holy Scriptures, the Holy Bible (Chr.)

متقدس mutaqaddis hallowed, sanctified, dedicated, consecrated; holy, sacred

2 قادس qādis Cādiz (seaport in SW Spain)

3 قادوس pl. قواديس look up alphabetically

قدم qadama u (qadm, قدوم qadūm) to precede (ه s.o.); -- qadima a (قدوم qudūm, قدمان qidmān, مقدم maqdam) to arrive (هـ at a place); to come; to get (الى or على or ه to s.o.; هـ to a place). reach (الى or على, ه s.o.; هـ a place); to have the audacity to do s.th. (على ); -- qaduma u (qidam) to be old, be ancient II to make or let (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) precede, go before, or lead the way; to send forward, send ahead, send off, dispatch, send on in advance (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to set forth beforehand, premise (ل هـ s.th. as introductory to s.th., e.g., a preface to a book); to place (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) at the head; to set forward, set ahead (هـ a clock); to do earlier, do beforehand, do before s.th. else (هـ s.th.); to give precedence (على هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th. before), give priority (على هـ to s.th. over); to prefer (على هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to s.o. or s.th. else), give preference (على هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th. over); (Tun.) to appoint as legal guardian (على ه s.o. for); to prepare, ready, keep ready, provide, set aside, earmark (ل ه s.th. for); to provide, make provisions (ل for); to offer, proffer, tender, extend, present, produce, exhibit, display (هـ s.th., الى or ل to s.o.); to hand over, deliver (هـ s.th., الى or ل to s.o.); to submit, refer (o s.th., الى or ل to s.o.), lay s.th. (هـ ) before s.o. (الى or ل ); to give u a present (هـ s.th., الى or ل to s.o.), offer up, present (الى or ل هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to s.o., to s.th.); to dedicate (الى or ل هـ s.th., e.g., a book, to s.o.); to file, turn in (هـ s.th., e.g., a report), send in, submit (هـ s.th., e.g., an application, الى or ل to), lodge (هـ e.g., a complaint, الى or ل before); to give (o an answer); to take (o an examination); to bring s.o. (ه ) before a proper authority, esp., before a tribunal (امام or الى ), arraign s.o.; to introduce, present (ل or الى ه s.o. to s.o. else), make (ه s.o.) acquainted (ل or الى with s.o. else); (intr.) to precede; to be fast (clock) | قدمه بين يديه (baina yadaihi) to send s.th. ahead of s.th. else, let s.th. precede s.th. else; قدم له الثمن (tamana) to pay the price to s.o. in advance, advance the price to s.o.; قدم خدمة (kidmatan) to render a service; قدم خطوة (kidmatan) to make a step forward; قدم الشكر له (šukra) to extend one’s thanks to s.o., thank s.o.; قدم نفسه الى البوليس to give o.s. up to the police; ما قدمت وما اخرت (akkartu) what I have ever committed; ما قدمت يداك (yadāka) what you have committed or perpetrated; يقدم رجلا ويؤخر أخرى yuqaddimu rijlan wa-yu’akkiru ukrā to hesitate, waver, be undecided; فرق شهور لا تقدم ولا تؤخر farqu šuhūrin lā tuqaddimu wa-lā tu’akkiru a difference of a few months which is of no consequence IV to be bold, audacious, daring; to make bold, have the audacity to do s.th. (على ); to venture, risk, undertake, tackle (على s.th.), set about s.th. (على ); to brave (على s.th.), embark boldly (على upon), dare to engage (على in), venture upon s.th. (على ); to attack (على s.o., s.th.) V to precede (عن or على or هـ, ه s.o., s.th., in space and time), go before s.o. or s.th. (عن, على, هـ, ه ); to head (على or هم a group of people), be at the head (على or هم of a group of people); to belong to an earlier, older time; to go forward, move (for, ward), proceed (نحو toward), advance march (نحو against, toward); to progress, make progress; to come on, come closer, move nearer (الى to); to approach (الى s.o. or s.th.), accost (الى s.o.); to step up (الى to); to present o.s. (بين يديه or الى to), step before (بين يديه or الى ); o to meet, face (ل or الى an opposing team, in sports); to turn, apply (ب ل or الى to s.o. with a request); to submit (ل or الى to s.o. ب s.th., e.g., a request); to order, direct, commission (ب الى s.o. to do, to bring, etc., s.th.) | تقدم به to further, advance, promote, improve s.th.; تقدمت به السن (sinnu) to get older, be advanced in years; كما تقدم already mentioned; غفر الله ما تقدم من ذنبه وما تأخر (danbihī, ta’akkara) God has forgiven all his sins; وقت بغداد متقدم ساعتين من وقت اوربا الوسطى waqtu bagdada mutaqaddimun sā‘ataini ‘an waqti ūrubbā l-wusṭā Baghdad time is two hours ahead of Central European time; تقدم نحوه (naḥwahū) to step up to s.o.; تقدم منه to approach s.o., head for s.o.; تقدم للامتحان to submit o.s. to an examination VI to become antiquated, grow obsolete, get out of date, become old, age | تقادم (zamanu) much time has gone by (since); تقادم عهده (‘ahduhū) it happened long ago, it belongs to the put, it is of early date X to ask (ه s.o.) to come, send (ه for s.o.), summon (ه s.o.)

قدم qidm time long since put, old times; قدما qidman in old(en) times, in former times, once, of old, of yore

قدم qidam time long since put, old times; remote antiquity, time immemorial; oldness; ancientness; infinite pre-existence, sempiternity, timelessness (of God); seniority | منذ القدم from times of old, by long tradition, of long standing; قدم عهده ب (qidamu ‘ahdihī) his long, standing familiarity with

قدم qadam (usually f.) pl. اقدام aqdām foot (also as a measure of length); step قدم مكعبة (muka‘‘aba) cubic foot; سمت القدم al-q. nadir (astron.); اصبع القدم iṣba‘ al-q. toe; على قدميه (qadamaihi) on foot (of several: على الأقدام): على اطرف قدميه on tiptoe; على قدم الحذر (q. al-ḥadar) anxious, timid, fearful; على قدم الاهبة والاستعداد (q. il-uhba) in a state of extreme alertness; جرى (قام) على قدم وساق (wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in full progress, be in full swing; ليس له قدم he has no part in ..., he is not involved in ...

قدم qudum: مضى (سار) قدما (quduman) to go straight ahead or forward

قديم qadīm pl. قدماء qudamā’2, قدامى qudāmā, قدائم qadā’im2 old, ancient; antique; existing from time immemorial, eternally pre-existent, sempiternal; القديم the Infinitely Pre-existent, the Sempiternal, the Eternal (as an attribute of God) | قديما qadīman or في القديم in old(en) times, in ancient times, in former times, once, of old, of yore; من قديم or منذ القديم from times of old. by long tradition, of long standing; قديم العهد ب (q. al-‘ahd) of long familiarity or acquaintance with, long familiar or acquainted with; of long-standing experience in, long-experiensed in, (being) a long-time holder of; دراسات قديمة classical studies

قدوم qudūm coming, advent, arrival

قدوم qadūm pl. قدم qudum bold, audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted, courageous, brave, valiant

قدوم qadūm, qaddūm pl. قدائم qadā’im2, قدم qudum adz

قدام quddām fare part, front part; quddāma (prep.) in front of

قيدوم qaidūm prow, bow of a ship

اقدم aqdam2 older, mare ancient; الاقدمون the ancients

اقدمية aqdamīya seniority

مقدم maqdam coming, advent; arrival

مقدام miqdām bold, audacious, daring, intrepid, undaunted, courageous, brave, valiant; a military rank, approx.: staff sergeant (Eg. 1939)

تقديم taqdīm sending forward, sending off, dispatching, etc., see II; presentation; submission, turning in, filing; offering up, oblation; dedication; offer, proffer, tender, bid; memorial; (pl. تقاديم taqādīm) officially established guardianship (Tun.)

تقدمة taqdima offer, proffer, tender, bid; dedication; (social) introduction, presentation; offering up, oblation, offertory (Chr.); (pl. -āt, تقادم taqādim2) present, gift

اقدام iqdām boldness, audacity, daring, intrepidity, fearlessness, undauntedness, stoutheartedness, pluck, courage, enterprise, initiative

تقدم taqaddum precedence, priority; (ad)vantage, lead; advance, drive, push; advancement, progression, progress

تقدمي taqaddumī progressive, progressionist

تقادم taqādum: (الزمن) تقادم العهد t. al-‘ahd (az-zaman) progression or lapse of time; مع تقادم الزمن in the course of time

قادم qādim pl. -ūn, قدوم qudūm, قدام guddām one arriving, arriver, arrival, newcomer; -- coming, next (e.g., year, month, and the like)

مقدم muqaddim offerer, tenderer, presenter, giver, donor | مقدم الطلب m. aṭ-ṭalab applicant

مقدم muqaddam put before s.th. (على ), prefixed, prefaced (على to s.th.), anteceding, preceding (على s.th.); front, face; fore part, front part; prow, bow (of a ship); o nose (of an airplane, and the like); antecedent of a proportion (math.); overseer, supervisor; foreman; a military rank, approx.: major (Ir., U.A.R.); lieutenant colonel (formerly syr.); officially appointed legal guardian (Tun.); administrator or trustee of a wakf estate (Tun.); مقدم عليه a legal minor placed under officially established guardianship (Tun.); مقدما muqaddaman in advance, beforehand

مقدمة muqaddima, muqaddama pl. -āt fore part, front part; front, face; prow, bow (of a ship); foreground; foremost rank or line, forefront, head, lead; advance guard, vanguard, van; foreword, preface, introduction, prologue, proem, preamble; prelude; premise

متقدم mutaqaddim preceding, antecedent; moving forward, advancing; well-advanced; (being) in front, ahead, in the fore part; foremost; aforesaid, before-mentioned; advanced; senior (athlet.) | المتقدم ذكره (dikruhū) the aforesaid, the before-mentioned; متقدم في السن (في العمر ) (sinn, ‘umr) advanced in age, well along in years, old; متقدم على ابانه (ibbānihī) premature, precipitate, untimely; المتقدمون والمتأخرون (wa-l-muta’akkirūn) the earlier and the later = all

(قدو and قدي) قدا qadā u (qadw) and قدي qadiya a (قدى qadan, قداوة qadāwa) to be tasty, savory (food) VIII to imitate, copy (ب s.o., s.th.), emulate (ب s.o.), follow s.o.’s (ب ) model or example, be guided (ب by)

قدوة qudwa, qidwa model, pattern, example, exemplar

قدي qadīy tasty, savory, palatable (food)

اقتداء iqtidā’ imitation, emulation; اقتداء ب iqtidā’an bi following the model or example of

قذة qudda pl. قذذ qudad, قذاذ qidād feather of an arrow | حذو القذة بالقذة (ḥadwa) exactly identical, deceptively alike

قذر qadira a (qadar) and qadura u (قذارة qadāra) to be or become dirty, unclean, filthy II to make dirty, soil, sully, contaminate, pollute, defile (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) X to find or deem (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) dirty, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid

قذر qadar uncleanliness, impurity; (pl. اقذار aqdār) dirt, filth, squalor

قذر qadir, qadr dirty, unclean, impure, filthy, squalid

قذر qadir dainty, fastidious, squeamish

قذارة qadāra dirtiness, uncleanliness, impurity, filthiness, squalidness

قاذورة qādūra pl. -āt dirt, filth, squalor; rubbish, garbage; (moral) defilement

مقاذر maqādir2 dirty things, dirt, filth

قذع qada‘a a (qad‘) to defame, malign, vilify (ه s.o.), backbite, wag an evil tongue, make slanderous remarks

قذف qadafa i (qadf) to throw, cast (ب or هـ s.th.); to throw away, discard (ب or هـ s.th.); to fling, hurl, toss (ب or هـ s.th.); to hurl down, toss down (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to push, shove (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to row, oar (ب or هـ s.th.); to eject, emit, discharge (ب or هـ s.th.); to expel (ب or ب, ه s.o., s.th.); to evict, oust (ب or ه s.o.); to drop (ب s.th.); to pelt (ب هـ, ه s.o. with); to defame, slander, calumniate (ه s.o.); to accuse (ب ه s.o. of), charge (ب ه s.o. with); to vomit | قذفه بالقنابل to bomb s.th., strafe s.th. with bombs; قذف عليه الشتائم to hurl abusive language at s.o. II to row, oar VI to pelt one another (ب with); to throw to each other, throw back and forth (هـ s.th.); to shove around, push around (ه or ب s.o.) | تقاذفت به الأمواج (amwāju) to be tossed about by the waves VII to be thrown, be cast, be flung, be hurled, be tossed, be flung off

قذف qadf defamation; calumny, slander, false accusation (esp., of fornication; Isl. Law); rowing, oaring | القذف بالقنابل bombing, bombardment; طائرة قذف القنابل bomber

قذفي qadfī slanderous, libelous, defamatory

قذاف qaddāf: طيارة قذافة (ṭayyāra) bomber

قذيفة qadīfa pl. قذائف qada’if2 projectile; bomb; shell; fuse, detonator | قذيفة نسافة (nassāfa) torpedo; قذيفة يدوية (yadawīya) hand grenade

مقذف miqdaf pl. مقاذف maqādif2 oar, paddle

مقذاف miqdāf pl. مقاذيف maqādīf2 oar, paddle

تقذيف taqdīf rowing, oaring

قاذفة qādifa: قاذفة القنابل pl. قاذفات القنابل bomber; قاذفة اللهب q. al-lahab or قاذفة النار flame thrower

مقذوف maqdūf pl. مقاذيف maqādīf2 and مقذوفة maqdūfa pl. -āt missile; projectile

قذال qadāl pl. قذل qudul, اقذلة aqdila occiput

قذى IV: اقذى عينه (‘ainahū) to vex, annoy, gall s.o., cause s.o. worry

قذى qadan (coll.; n. un. قذاة qadāh) s.th. that gets in one's eye or into a beverage, a floating impurity, mote, speck; foreign body in the eye | قذى في عينه (‘ainihī) an odious thing, approx.: an eyesore, a thorn in the flesh; اغضى على القذى (agḍā) to bear annoyance patiently, grin and bear it, swallow the bitter pill; غمض جفونه على القذى (gammaḍa jufūnahū) do.

قذى qidan pl. اقذاء aqdā’ fine dust; pl. اقذاء particles floating in the air

قر qarra (1st pers. perf. qarartu) i, (1st pers. perf. qarirtu) a (قرار qarār) to settle down, establish o.s., become settled or sedentary, take up one's residence, rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay, linger (ب or في in, at a place) | قر الرأي على (ra’yu) it was decided to ..., the decision was reached to …, a resolution was passed on s.th. or to the effect that; قر رأيه على (ra’yuhū) to resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s mind to (do s.th.), decide, make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; لا يقر له حال to be flighty, be of unstable temperament; لا يقر له قرار (qarār) to be restless, restive, uneasy, wavering, undecided; -- qarra a i (qarr) to be cold, chilly, cool | قر عينا (‘ainan) to be of good cheer; قرت عينه (‘ainuhū) to be glad, be delighted (ب at) II to settle, make sedentary (في ه s.o. in, at a place), establish (في ه s.th. in); to fix, settle, appoint, assign, schedule, determine, stipulate, regulate (هـ s.th.); to decide (هـ s.th.); to determine, resolve, decide (هـ on s.th.); to confirm, establish, affirm, aver (هـ s.th.); to report, relate, tell (هـ s.th.); to make a report, give a paper (عن on); to make a statement; to force s.o. (ه ) to confess or acknowledge s.th. (على or ب ), make s.o. (ه ) confess or acknowledge s.th. (على or ب ) IV to settle, make sedentary (في هـ s.o. in, at a place), establish (في هـ s.th. in); to safeguard (هـ s.th.); to have (ه s.o.) sit down, seat (ه s.o., في in, in a seat); to set up, institute (هـ s.th.); to found, establish (هـ s.th.); to install, instate (في s.o. in an office); to confirm, establish, affirm, aver (هـ s.th.); to agree, consent (ب or هـ to); to acknowledge, own (ب or هـ s.th.); to confess, avow, admit (ب s.th.), own (ب to s.th.); to concede, grant (هـ or ب ل to s.o. s.th.) | اقر عينه (‘ainahū) (to cool s.o.’s eye =) to gladden, delight s.o. V to be fixed, be settled, be appointed, be scheduled, be determined, be regulated, be stipulated, be decided; to resolve itself (situation) X to settle down, establish o.s. become settled or sedentary, take up one’s residence (ب or في in. at a place); to come to rest (ب or في in, at a place); to rest, abide, dwell, live, reside, remain, stay, linger (ب or في in, at a place, الى with s.o.); to be firmly embedded, got stuck, get lodged (في in); to be firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting, stable; to become stabilized, stabilize, be consolidated (situation, conditional; ultimately to attain (على a state or condition), finally find a firm position (على in); to become finally (على s.th.), ultimately turn into s.th. (على ); to be established, settled, fixed; to be stationary | استقر خاطره على (kāṭiruhū) his mind dwelled on …; استقر الرأي على (ra’yu) it was decided to the decision was reached to ...; a resolution was passed on s.th. or to the effect that; استقر رأيه على (ra’yuhū) to resolve, determine on s.th., make up one’s mind to (do s.th.), decide, make a decision for or on or to do s.th.; استقر له الأمور his situation had stabilized; لا يستقر له قرار (qarārun) to be restless, restive, uneasy, wavering, undecided; لم نستقر بعد على حال (ba‘du) we haven’t yet arrived at, a lasting solution, we haven’t yet attained a definitive position; استقر امره على he finally became ..., he ended up as ...; استقر في نفسه to be a positive fact with s.o., be beyond doubt for s.o.; استقر به المقام (المكان ) (muqāmu, makānu) to settle down permanently; to sit down; not to move from one’s seat; استقر به المجلس (majlisu) to sit down, get seated, take a seat; استقر به الحال to be firmly established, be settled; to be in a secure position

قر qarr cold, chilly, cool

قر qurr cold, coldness, chilliness, coolness

قرة qirra cold, coldness, chilliness, coolness

قرة العين qurrat al-‘ain consolation for the eye; delight of the eye; joy, pleasure, delight; darling; (bot.) cress

قرار qarār sedentariness, settledness, stationariness, sedentation; fixedness, fixity; firmness, solidity; steadiness, constancy, continuance, permanency, stability; repose, rest, stillness; duration; abode, dwelling, habitation; residence; resting place; bottom (e.g., of a receptacle); depth (of the sea); (pl. -āt) decision, resolution | لا قرار له (lā qarāra) inconstant, changeable, unstable; bottomless, unfathomable, immeasurable; دار القرار the hereafter, the world to come; O قرار الموجه q. al-maujah wave trough (techn.); قرارات التعديل modifying regulations

قرارة qarāra bottom; low ground, depression, depth | في قرارة النفس (q. in-nafs) in the depth of the heart

قرير qarīr: قرير العين q. al-‘ain happy, gratified, delighted, glad

قارورة qārūra pl. قوارير qawārīr22 long-necked bottle

مقر maqarr pl. مقار maqārr2 abode, dwelling, habitation; residence; storage place; seat center; site, place; station; position (at sea) | مقر العمل m. al-‘amal place of employment; مقر القيادة headquarters; مقر الوظيفة official seat, seat of office

تقرير taqrīr establishment, settlement; fixation; appointment, assignment, regulation, arrangement, stipulation; determination; decision; (pl. تقارير taqārīr2) report, account | تقرير المصير self-determination (pol.); حق الشعوب في تقرير مصيرها (ḥaqq aš-š.) the right of peoples to self-determination; تقرير الحالة الجوية (gawwīya) weather report; تقرير الشرطة t. aš-šurṭa police report

إقرار iqrār settling, settlement (of nomads); setting up, institution, establishment; foundation; installation, instatement; delivery of a confirmation or assurance; confirmation, affirmation, averment; assurance; acknowledgment; confession, avowal, admission

استقرار istiqrār sedentariness, settledness, stationariness, sedentation; remaining, abiding, lingering, stay, sojourn; settling, settlement, establishment; steadiness, constancy, continuance, permanency; strengthening, consolidation, stabilization, stability; repose, rest, stillness

قار qārr sedentary, settled, resident; standing, permanent; fixed, stationary; cold, chilly, cool | الأداءات (غير) القارة (adā’āt) (in)direct taxes (magr.); لجنة قارة (lajna) permanent committee, standing committee

قارة qārra pl. -āt continent, mainland

مقرر muqarrir pl. -ūn reporter (in general and of a newspaper)

مقرر muqarrar established, settled; fixed, determined, decided, appointed, assigned, scheduled, regulated, stipulated, decreed; (pl. -āt) curriculum; مقررات decisions | مقرر الميزانية m. al-mīzānīya the proposed budget; حقيقة مقررة accomplished fact; اموال مقررة direct taxes

مستقر mustaqirr sedentary, settled, resident; firmly established, deep-seated, deep-rooted; fixed, immobile, stationary; firm, solid, enduring, durable, lasting, stable

مستقر mustaqarr abode, dwelling, habitation; residence; seat; resting place

قرأ qara’a a (قراءة qirā’a) to declaim, recite (هـ s.th., esp. the Koran; هـ على to s.o. s.th.); to read (هـ s.th.; هـ ل or على s.o. s.th.); to peruse (هـ s.th.); to study (هـ هـ على under s.o. s.th.) | قرأ عليه السلام (salāma) to greet, salute s.o.; to extend greeting, to s.o.; قرأ حسابه ل to reckon with s.th., take s.th. into account; قرأ له الف حساب (alfa ḥ.) to have a thousand apprehensions about s.th. IV to make or have (ه s.o.) read (هـ s.th.); to teach (ه s.o.) the art of reciting (ه s.th.); to teach (ه s.o.) how to read (هـ s.th.) | اقرأه السلام (salāma) to extend greetings to s.o. X to ask s.o. (ه ) to recite or read; to investigate, examine, explore (هـ s.th.), search (هـ into s.th.); to study thoroughly (هـ s.th.)

قرء qur’ pl. قروء qurū’ menses, menstruation

قراءة qirā’a pl. -āt recitation, recital (esp. of the Koran); reading (also, e.g., of measuring instruments; parl.); manner of recitation, punctuation and vocalization of the Koranic text | قراءة الكف q. al-kaff chiromancy, palmistry

القرآن al-qur’ān the Koran

قرآني qur’ānī Koranic, of or pertaining to the Koran

استقراء istiqrā’ pl. -āt investigation, examination, exploration; see also under قرو

استقرائي istiqrā’ī see under قرو

قارئ qārī’ pl. -ūn, قراء qurrā’ reciter (esp. of the Koran); reader | قارئ الكف q. al-kaff chiromancer, palmist

مقروء maqrū’ read (past part.); legible, readable; worth reading

مقرئ muqri’ reciter of the Koran

قراج qarāž pl. -āt (Saudi Arabian spelling) garage

1 قرب qaruba u (qurb, مقربة maqraba) to be near (الى or من to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (الى or من to s.o., to s.th.), close in (الى or من on s.o., on s.th.), approach

(الى or من s.o., s.th.); to approximate (الى or من s.th.); - qariba a to be near (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, get close (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), close in (هـ, ه on s.o., on s.th.), approach (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to approximate (هـ s.th.); to draw near, be coming on, approach | ما يقرب من (yaqrubu) (with foll. figure) approximately, about, some, circa II to cause or allow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) to come near or get close (الى or من to s.th.), make or let (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) approach (الى or من s.th.), bring close (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; الى or من to s.th.), advance, move (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; الى or من toward s.th.), approximate (o s.th.; الى or من to); to bring home (هـ من or الى to s.o. s.th., e.g., an idea); to take as associate or companion (من ه s.o. for o.s.); to bring closer to comprehension, reveal more fully (هـ s.th.), clarify the concept, facilitate the understanding (هـ of s.th.) ; to offer up, present (هـ ل to God as sacrifice); (Chr.) to administer Communion (ه to s.o.); to sheathe, put into the scabbard (هـ the sword) | قرب بينهم to bring people closer together, make peace among people, reconcile people III to be near (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to come near, come close, get close (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), close in (هـ, ه on s.o., on s.th.), approach (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to approximate (هـ s.th.); to be almost equivalent (هـ with s.th.), amount to almost the same thing (هـ as s.th.); to be on the point (ان of doing s.th.), be about (ان to do s.th.); to bring (close) together (بين – و different things) V to approach (من or الى s.o., s.th.), come or get near s.o., near s.th. (من or الى ), come close, get close (من or الى to s.o.), gain access (من or الى to s.o.); to seek to gain s.o.’s (الى ) favor, curry favor (الى with s.o.); (Chr.) to receive Communion VI to be or come near each other, approach one another, approximate each other VIII to approach (من s.o., s.th.), come, advance, or get near s.o. or s.th. (من ), come close, get close (من to) X to find near, regard as near (هـ s.th.)

قرب qurb nearness, closeness, proximity, vicinity; qurba (prep.) in the vicinity of, near, toward | قرب الظهر qurba ẓ-ẓuhr toward noon; بقرب or بالقرب من in the vicinity of, near, close to; عن قرب from a short distance, from close up

قربة qirba pl. -āt, قرب qirab waterskin; -- (pl. قرب qirab) bagpipe

قربى qurbā relation, relationship, kinship | ذو القربى pl. ذوو القربى dawū l-q. relative, relation

قريب qarīb near (in place and time), nearby, close at hand; in the neighborhood or vicinity (الى or من of s.o., of s.th.), close (الى or من to s.o., to s.th.), adjacent (الى or من to s.th.); easily understood, simple; (pl. اقرباء aqribā’2) relative, relation; قريبا qarīban soon, before long, shortly, in the near future; recently, lately, not long ago, the other day | من قريب and عما قريب (‘ammā q.) soon, before long, shortly, in the near future; لا – من قريب او بعيد not -- in the least, not by a far cry; في القريب العاجل in the immediate future; قريب من الحسن (ḥasan) fair, fairly good (as a school-report grade); قريب العهد q. al-‘ahd recent, new, young; من عهد قريب since recently, of late, of a recent date; recently, lately, not long ago, the other day; قريب العهد ب having adopted or acquired s.th. very recently; not long familiar or acquainted with s.th., inexperienced at s.th., a novice in s.th.; قريب التناول q. at-tanāwul easy to understand

قراب qirāb pl. قرب qurub, اقربة aqriba sheath, scabbard (of a .word); receptacle, container, case, etui, covering

قرابة qarāba relation, relationship, kinship

قرابة qurāba: قرابة ثلاثة اعوام qurabata talātati a‘wām almost three years

قربان qurbān pl. قرابين qarābīn2 sacrifice, offering, immolation, oblation; Mass (Chr.); Eucharist (Chr.) | قربان الشكر q. aš-šukr thank offering; عيد القربان ‘īd al-q. Corpus Christi (Chr.); تناول القربان (tanāwala) to receive Communion (Chr.); رفع القربان على or قدم القربان على (qaddama) to read Mass for s.o. (Chr.)

قربانة qurbāna Host; Communion (Chr.)

اقرب aqrab2 nearer, nearest, next; more probable, more likely; probable, likely; pl. اقربون aqrabūn, اقارب aqārib2 relations, relatives | اقرب الى الفهم (fahm) easier to understand, more comprehensible; هم اقرب الى الصحة (الصواب ) (ṣiḥḥa, ṣawab) it is quite probable, it is fairly correct, it is rather exact, it comes fairly close to the troth; في اقرب وقت (ممكن ) fī aqrabi waqtin (mumkinin) or باقرب ما يمكن (yumkinu) as soon as possible, in the shortest time possible

مقرب maqrab pl. مقارب maqārib2 nearest or shortest way, short cut

مقربة maqraba, maqruba nearness, closeness, proximity, vicinity; (pl. مقارب maqārib2) nearest or shortest way, short cut | على مقربة nearby, close at hand; على مقربة in the vicinity of, near, close to

تقريب taqrīb approximation | تقريبا taqrīban, بالتقريب, بوجه التقريب bi-wajh t-t. or على التقريب approximately, almost, nearly, roughly, about; محسوس تقريبا just barely perceptible

تقريبي taqrībī approximate, approximative

تقرب taqarrub approach; approximation (من to)

تقارب taqārub mutual approach; mutual approximation; rapprochement

اقتراب iqtirāb approach; approximation

مقرب muqarrab pl. -ūn close companion, favorite, protégé, intimate

مقارب muqārib approximate, approximative, estimated; mediocre, medium, of medium quality

متقارب mutaqārib close together, following in close intervals, consecutive, successive, subsequent; المتقارب name of a poetical meter

قارب qārib pl. قوارب qawārib2 boat, skiff | قارب q. az-zubda (eg.) sauceboat for melted butter; قارب (musallaḥ) gunboat; قارب النجاة q. an-najāh lifeboat; قارب التنقيب عن الألغام mine sweeper; قارب ناري motorboat

قواربي qawāribī boatman

قربوس qarabūs (qarbūs) pl. قرابيس qarābīs2 saddlebow

قربينة qarabīna pl. -āt carbine

قرح qaraḥa a (qarḥ) to wound (ه s.o.); -- qariḥa a (qaraḥ) to ulcerate, fester; to be covered with ulcers, be ulcerous II to wound (ه s.o.) V to ulcerate, fester; to be covered with ulcers, be ulcerous VIII to invent, originate, think up (هـ s.th.); to improvise, extemporize, deliver off-hand (هـ a speech); to demand in a brash or imperious manner (هـ or ب على of s.o. s.th.); to propose, suggest (هـ على to s.o. s.th.)

قرح garḥ pl. قروح qurūḥ wound; ulcer, sore

قرح qariḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering

قرحة qarḥa pl. قرح qiraḥ ulcer, sore; abscess, boil | القرحة الرخوة (rakwa) soft chancre, chancroid (med.)

قراح qarāḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. water)

قريح qarīḥ pure, limpid, clear (esp. water)

قريحة qarīḥa pl. قرائح qarā’iḥ2 natural disposition, innate disposition, bent; genius, talent, gift, faculty

تقرح taqarruḥ ulceration

اقتراح iqtirāḥ invention, improvisation; (pl. -āt) proposition, proposal, suggestion; motion

مقرح muqarraḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated

متقرح mutaqarriḥ covered with ulcers, ulcerous, ulcerated; ulcerating, festering

مقترح muqtaraḥ pl. -āt proposition, proposal, suggestion; motion

قرد qird pl. قردة qirada, قرود qurūd ape, monkey

قرد qurd (coll.; n. un. ة ) tick (zool.)

قراد qurād (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. قردان qirdān tick, ticks (zool.) | ابو قردان abū q. (eg.) white egret (zool.)

مقرود maqrūd exhausted

قريدس quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)

قرس qarasa a (qaras) to he severe, fierce, biting, grim (the cold) II to freeze, make torpid, (be)numb, nip (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.; of the cold)

قارس qāris severe, fierce, biting, grim (of the cold); very cold, bitterly cold, freezing, frozen

قرش qaraša i u (qarš) to gnash, grind (one’s teeth); to nibble, crunch, chew (هـ s.th.); -- qaraša i (qarī), II and VIII to earn money, make a living (لعياله li-‘iyālihī for one’s family)

قرش qirš shark (zool.); (pl. قروش qurūš) piaster | قرش صاغ (eg., = ½ Eg. pound) standard piaster; قرش تعريفة (eg., = ½ قرش صاغ ) little piaster

قريش quraiš Koreish, name of an هـ rab tribe in ancient Mecca

قرشي qurašī of, pertaining to, or belonging to the Koreish tribe; Koreishite

قريش qarīš, قريشة qarīša sour cheese

مقرش muqriš rich, well-to-do, prosperous, wealthy, moneyed

قرص qaraṣa u (qarṣ) to pinch, nip, tweak (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to scratch (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to bite, sting (ه s.o.; of a gnat, flea, and the like) | قرصه بلسانه (bi-lisānihī to hurt s.o. with words II to pinch or nip sharply, tweak (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to scratch all over (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to shape into round, flat loaves (العجين the dough)

قرص qurṣ pl. اقراص aqrāṣ round, flat loaf of bread; (flat, circular) plate, disk, discus; phonograph record, disc; sheave, pulley (mech.); tablet, pastille, lozenge, troche | قرص الأرقام dial (of a telephone); اقراص عجوة a. ‘ajwa a pastry mode of rich dough with almonds and date paste (syr.); قرص عسل q. ‘asal honeycomb; جلب النار لقرصه (nāra) approx.: to feather one’s nest, have an eye out for one’s own interest, know on which side one’s bread is buttered

قرصي qurṣī: قرصي الشكل q. aš-šakl disk-like, disk-shaped, discoid, discous

قرصة qurṣa pl. قرص quraṣ round, flat loaf of bread

قرصة qarṣa pl. qaraṣāt pinch, nip, tweak; bite, sting (of s gnat, lies, and the like); crowbar, pinch bar, handspike, lever

قريص qurraiṣ stinging nettle (Urtica urens L.; bot.)

قراصة qarrāṣa pincers, nippers

قراصية qarāṣīya (syr.) small, black plums; (eg.) prunes

قارص qāriṣ, biting; stinging; painful, nipping, tormenting (e.g., cold) | قوارص الكلمات q. al-kalimāt biting words

قرصنة qarṣana piracy, robbery on the high seas freebooting

قرصان qurṣān pl. قراصن qarāṣin2, قراصين qarāṣīn2 corsair, pirate, freebooter

قرض qaraḍ i (qarḍ) to cut, sever, cut off, clip (هـ s.th.); to gnaw (هـ s.th. or on s.th.), nibble (هـ s.th. or at s.th.), bite, champ (هـ s.th.), eat (هـ into s.th.), corrode (هـ s.th.) | قرض رباطه (ribāṭahū) to die; قرض الشعر (ši‘ra) to write poetry, make verses II = I; IV to loan, lend, or advance, money (ه to s.o.); to lend (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) VI تقارضوا الثناء (tanā’a) they competed in the recital of eulogies VII to die out; to become extinct; to perish VIII to raise a loan (من with), borrow (من from) X to ask for a loan (من s.o.)

قرض qarḍ (qirḍ) pl. قروض qurūḍ loan | قرض حسن (ḥasan) interest-free loan with unstipulsted due dste; قرض مالي (mālī) (monetary) loan; اسهم القرض ashum al-q. bonds

قريض qarīḍ poetry

قراضة qurāḍa pl. -āt chips, shreds, parings, shavings, scraps; iron filings

قراضة qarrāḍa clothes moth

مقراض miqrāḍ pl. مقاريض maqārīḍ2 scissors

انقراض inqirāḍ dying out, gradual disappearance; extinction

اقتراض iqtirāḍ loan

استقراض istiqrāḍ raising of a loan; loan

القوارض al-qawāriḍ the rodents

مقرض muqriḍ pl. -ūn moneylender; lender

منقرض munqariḍ extinct, exterminated, perished

قرط qaraṭa u (qarṭ) to cut into small pieces, chop, mince (هـ s.th.) II do.; to snuff, trim (هـ a candle, a wick); to squeeze (على s.th.); (eg.) to urge, ply (على s.o.); to be stern, be strict (على with s.o.); to beset, harass, press hard (على s.o.); to give little (على to s.o.), be illiberal, be stingy (على with s.o.), scrimp (على s.o.)

قرط qurṭ pl. اقراط aqrāṭ, قراط qirāṭ, قروط qurūṭ earring; eardrop, pendant for the ear

تقريطة taqrīṭa pl. تقاريط taqārīṭ2 wrapper worn by women (tun.)

2 قيراط pl. قراريط look up alphabetically

قرطاجنة see قرطجنة

قرطاس qirṭās pl. قراطيس qarāṭīs2 paper; sheet of paper; paper bag

قرطبة qurṭuba2 Cordova (city in Spain)

قرطجنة qarṭajanna2, قرطاجنة Carthage

قرطس qarṭas paper; sheet of paper

قرطم qarṭama to cut off, clip (هـ s.th.)

قرطم qirṭim, qurṭum safflower (Carthamus tinctorius; bot.)

قرطمان qurṭumān oats

قرظ II to praise, commend, laud, extol, acclaim (ه s.o.); to eulogize (هـ s.th.), lavish praise (هـ on)

قرظ qaraẓ pods of a species of sant tree (Acacia nilotica; bot.)

قريظ qarīẓ eulogy, encomium, panegyric

تقريظ taqrīẓ pl. -āt, تقاريظ taqārīẓ2 eulogy, encomium, panegyric

قرع qara‘a a (qar‘) to knock, rap (هـ at s.th.); to hit, bump (هـ s.th. or against s.th.); to strike, beat, thump (هـ against s.th.; ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with; ب على with s.th. on or s.th. else); to thrash. spank (ب ه ه s.o. with); to clink, touch (هـ glasses); to ring, sound (e s.th.); -- qari‘a (qara‘) to be or become bald(headed); to be empty, bare, stark (place) | قرع الجرس (jarasa) to ring the bell; قرع سمعه (sam‘ahū) to reach s.o.’s ear; قرع سنه (sinnahū) to gnash one’s teeth; قرع سن الندم ل (على ) (sinna n-nadam) to repent s.th.; قرعه ضميره ḍamīrahū) his conscience tormented or smote him, he had a guilty conscience, he felt grave compunctions; قرع الكأس (ka’sa) to touch glasses, drink to s.o.’s (ل ) health II to scold, chide, opbraid (ه s.o.), snap (ه at s.o.); to rebuke, blame, censure (ه s.o.) III to fight, come to blows (ه with s.o.); to bottle, fight (ه s.o.); to contend by force of arms (ه عن with s.o. for s.th.); to cast or draw lots (ه with s.o.) VI to hump against each other, clash; to cast lots among each other (على for) VIII to cast lots among each other (على for); to vote, take a vote (على on); to draw lots (ه for s.o.). choose by lot (ه s.o.); to muster, recruit (ه s.o.; mil.); to elect (هـ , s.o., s.th.)

قرع qar‘ knock(ing), rap(ping), beating, striking, thumping; ring(ing)

قرع qar‘ (coll.; n. un. ة ) gourd, pumpkin | قرع صروف (eg.) bottle gourd, calabash (Lagenaria vulgaris Ser.; bot.); قرع كوسى q. kūsā (eg., syr.) zucchini (bot.)

قرع qara‘ boldness, boldheadedness; emptiness, bareness, starkness

قرعة qar‘a (n. vic.) knock, rap, blow, stroke, thump; -- (n. un.) gourd, pumpkin; skull, head

قرعي qar‘ī gourd-, pumpkin- (in compounds), cucurbitaceous

قرعة qur‘a pl. قرع qura‘ lot; ballot; lot-casting; (mil.) conscription, recruitment (by lot), balloting | قرعة عسكرية (‘askarīya) enlistment, draft, recruitment (mil.); انفار القرعة drafted recruits

قراع qurā‘, مرض القراع maraḍ al-qurā‘ a skin disease, ringworm (med.)

قريع qar‘ exquisite, select | قريع الدهر q. ad-dahr the greatest hero of his time

اقرع aqra‘2 bald; baldheaded; empty, bare, stark; scabby, scurfy

مقرعة miqra‘a pl. مقارع maqāri‘2 knocker, rapper (of a door); whip, switch; cudgel, club

تقريع taqrī‘ chiding, scolding, reproof, rebuke, censure

مقارعة muqāra‘a fight, struggle (with genit. = against)

اقتراع iqtirā‘ pl. -āt balloting, recruitment, draft (mil.); vote (على on); election

قارعة qāri‘a pl. قوارع qawāri‘2 (sudden) misfortune, calamity; adversity; القارعة the hour of the Last Judgment | قارعة الطريق middle of the road, roadway; road, highway; على قارعة الطرق (ṭuruq) on the open road

قرف qarafa i (qarf) to peel, pare, bark, derind (هـ s.th.); -- qarifa a (qaraf) to loathe (هـ s.th.), feel disgust (هـ for), be nauseated (هـ by) II to peel, pare, bark, derind (هـ s.th.); to be loathsome, arouse disgust III to let o.s. be tempted (هـ to a sin), yield (e to a desire) VIII to commit, perpetrate (هـ a crime)

قرف qaraf loathing, disgust, detestation

قرفة qirfa pl. قرف qiraf rind, bark, skin, crust; scab, scurf; cinnamon

قرافة qarāfa (eg.) cemetery, specif., graveyard below the Mokattam Hills near Cairo

قريفة qarīfa ill humor, ill temper

قرفان qarfān (eg.) disgusted, nauseated, sink and tired

اقتراف iqtirāf commission, perpetration (of a crime)

مقرف muqrif loathsome, disgusting, nauseating, repulsive, detestable

مقترف muqtarif perpetrator (of a crime)

قرفص qarfaṣa to squat on the ground (with thighs against the stomach and arms enfolding the legs)

قرفصاء qurfuṣā’2 squatting, squatting position | جلس (قعد) القرفصاء (qurfuṣā’a) to squat on one’s heels

قرفال qarfāl (coll.; n. un. ة ) vetch

قرق qaraqa u (qarq) to cluck (hen)

قرقذان qarqadān squirrel

قرقر qarqara (قرقرة qarqara) to roll; to rumble (stomach); to bray (camel); to coo (pigeon); to purr (cat)

قرقرة qarqara pl. قراقر qarāqir2 rumbling noise (in the stomach); gurgle; braying (of a camel); cooing (of a pigeon); purr(ing) (of a cat)

قرقوش qarqūš pl. قراقيش qarāqīš2 cartilage

قرقوشة qarqūša pl. قراقيش qarāqīš2 (eg.) a kind of crisp cookies

مقرقش muqarqaš (eg.) crisp(ed)

قرقض qarqaḍa (eg.) to gnaw, bite (هـ on s.th.) | قرقض على اسنانه to gnash one’s teeth

قرقع qarqa‘a to be noisy, boisterous; to creak, grate; to crack, pop | قرقع ضاحكا (بالضحك or) (ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter, laugh noisily, guffaw; قرقع بسوطه (bi-sauṭihī) to crack the whip

قرقعة qarqa‘a uproar, din, noise; creaking, creaks, grating; crack(ing), pop(ping); rumble, rumbling

قرقوز qaraqōz (from Turk. karagöz) chief character of the Turkish shadow play

قرقول see قرة قرقول

1 قرم qarama i (qarm) to gnaw (هـ on s.th.), nibble (هـ at s.th.)

قرم qarm pl. قروم qurūm studhorse; lord, master

قرام qirām blanket, carpet, curtain

مقرم miqram pl. مقارم maqārim2 bedcover, bedspread.

2 قرمة qurma pl. قرم quram (eg.) tree stump; log, block of wood; chopping block

3 القرم al-qirim and القريم al-qirīm the Crimea

قرمد qarmada to plaster, coat with plaster (هـ s.th.); to tile, cover with tile (هـ s.th.)

قرمد qarmad (coll.) plaster; plaster of Paris

قرميد qirmīd (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. قراميد qarāmīd2 (fired) brick, roof tile; plaster of Paris

قرمز qirmiz kermes (the dried bodies of the female kermes insect, coccus ilicis, which yield a red dyestuff)

قرمزي qirmizī crimson, carmine; scarlet | الحمى القرمزي (ḥummā) scarlet fever (med.)

قرمش qarmaša (eg.) to eat s.th. dry (هـ ), crunch, nibble

مقرمش muqarmaš dry, crisp

1 قرمطي qarmaṭī Karmathian (adj. and n.); pl. قرامطة qarāmiṭa Karmathians

2 قرموط qarmūṭ pl. قراميط qarāmīṭ2 a variety of sheatfish (zool.; Eg.)

قرن qarana i (qarn) to connect, link, join, unite, combine, associate (الى or ب هـ s.th. with); to add (الى هـ s.th. to); to couple, yoke together, hitch together, put together, bind together (هـ s.th.) III to unite, join forces, associate (ه with s.o.); to be simultaneous, go hand in hand (هـ with s.th.); to compare (ب هـ, ه or بين -- وبين s.o., s.th. with; بين شيئين two things with one another), draw a parallel (بين -- وبين between -- and; بين شيئين between two things) IV to combine, interrelate (بين شيئين two things) VIII to be connected, be linked, be joined, be united, be combined, be associated (ب with); to combine, associate, unite (ب with); to get married, be married (ب to), marry (ب s.o.); to be coupled, be interconnected, be yoked together, be tied together, be bound together; to become interlinked, become concatenate X to ripen, suppurate, come to a head (of a furuncle)

قرن qarn pl. قرون qurūn horn (of an animal; as a wind instrument); feeler, tentacle, antenna; top, summit, peak (of a mountain); the lint visible part of the rising sun; capsule, pod (bot.); century | ام القرن rhinoceros; وحيد القرن do.; ذو القرنين dū l-qarnain the two-horned (an epithet given to Alexander the Great); قرن البحر q. al-baḥr coral; قرن سمعي (sam‘ī) ear trumpet (= Fr, cornet acoustique); القرون الوسطى (wusṭā) the Middle Ages

قرني qarnī horny, corneous, of born, hornlike; leguminous, pertaining to, or of the nature of, legumes; centennial, centenary

قرنية qarnīya cornea (anat.)

قرن qirn pl. اقران aqrān (matched) opponent in battle; an equal, a peer, a match; companion, mate, fellow, associate; equal, like

قرنة qurna pl. قرن quran, قراني qurānī salient angle, nook, corner

قرين qarīn pl. قرناء quranā’2 connected, joined, linked, combined, united, associated, affiliated; companion, mate, fellow, associate, comrade; husband, spouse, consort; qarīna (prep.) in connection with, in conjunction with, upon, at | منقطع القرين munqaṭi‘ al-q. matchless, peerless, unrivaled, incomparable, unique, singular

قرينة qarīna pl. -āt wife, spouse, consort; female demon haunting women, specif., a childbed demon; eclampsia (med.); -- (pl. قرائن qarā’in) connection, conjunction, union, relation, affiliation, association, linkage; (semantic or syntactical) coherence, context; evidence, indication, indicium | السيدة قرينته (sayyida) his wife (formal style); قرائن الأحوال the concatenation of circumstances, the indicia, factual evidence; ضم قرينة الى قرينة (ḍamm) combination

اقرن aqran2, f. قرناء qarnā’2 horned, horny; one with eyebrows grown together | حية قرن (ḥayya) cerastes, horned viper

قران qirān close union, close connection: conjunction (astron.); marriage, wedding

مقارنة muqārana pl. -āt comparison | مقارنة اللغات m. al-lugāt comparative linguistics

اقتران iqtirān connection, conjunction, union, association, affliliation; link, connectedness, simultaneous interaction; conjunction (astron.); new moon (as an astronomical aspect); marriage, wedding

مقرون maqrūn connected, joined, linked, combined, united, associated, affiliated (ب with) | مقرون الحاجبين m. al-ḥājibain having joined eyebrows

مقارن muqārin comparative (science)

قرنبيط qarnabīṭ cauliflower

قرنفل quranful carnation; clove

قره جوز (Eg. spelling; pronounced ’aragōz) Karagōz, chief character of the shadow play; Punch

قره قول qaraqōl pl. -āt police station; guard (military, police) | قره قول الشرف q. aš-šaraf guard of honor

قرو V to follow up, investigate (هـ s.th.), inquire (. into); to check. verify (هـ s.th.) X to follow (هـ s.th.); to pursue (هـ s.th., e.g., a problem); to examine, study, investigate (هـ s.th.); to explore (هـ s.th.)

قرو qano pl. J) qurllw watering trough | خشب قرو kašab q. oak (wood)

استقراء istiqrā’ induction (philos.); see also under قرأ

استقرائي istiqrā’ī inductive (philos.)

قرواطيا qaruwāṭiya Croatia

قرواطي qaruwāṭī Croatian

قروي see قرى

قرى qara i (قرى qiran) to receive hospitably, entertain (ه s.o.) VIII = I

قرى qiran hospitable reception, entertainment (of a guest); meal served to a guest

قرية qarya pl. قرى quran village; hamlet; small town; rural community; القريتان al-qaryatān Mecca and Taif; Mecca and Medina | ام القرى umm al-qurā Mecca

قروي qarawī village-, country- (in compounds), rustic, rural; peasant (adj.); (pl. قرويون qarawīyūn) villager, rustic, countryman, inhabitant of the country; from Kairouan, Kairouan (adj.), an inhabitant of Kairouan; a member of al Qarawiya College in Fès (Morocco) | جامع القرويين mosque and college in Fès (Morocco); وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية (baladīya) Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (Eg.)

قروية qarawīya countrywoman, peasant woman

قرية qarīya pl. قرايا qarāyā yard (naut.)

مقرى miqran vary hospitable

مقراء miqrā’ very hospitable

قار qārin villager

قريدس quraidis (syr.) shrimp (zool.)

قز qazza (1st pers. perf. qazaztu) u to loathe, detest (عن or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II to vitrify (هـ s.th.); to glaze (هـ s.th.) V to feel disgust (عن or من at), be nauseated (عن or من by), loathe, detest, abhor (عن or من s.o., s.th.), have an aversion (عن or من to)

قز qazz pl. قزوز quzūz silk; raw silk

قزاز qizāz (eg.) glass

قزاز qazzāz silk merchant

قزازة qizāza pl. -āt, قزائز qazā’iz2 (eg.) bottle

قازوزة look up alphabetically

تقزز taqazzuz loathing, disgust, detestation, abhorrence, aversion

قزان (Turk. kazan) qazān pl. -āt kettle, large boiler

قزح II to embellish (هـ one’s speech)

قوس قزح qausu qazaḥin or qausu quzaḥa rainbow

قزحية quzaḥīya iris (anat.)

قزع qaza‘ (coll.; n. un. ة ) wind-driven, tattered clouds, scud; tuft of hair

قزعة (eg.) quz‘a dwarf, midget, pygmy

قزيعة qazī‘a tuft of hair

قزقز gazqaza (eg.) to crack (هـ nuts, shells)

قزل qazal limp(ing)

قزم qazam pl. اقزام aqzām dwarf, midget, pygmy; Lilliputian; little fellow, shrimp, hop-o’-my-thumb, whippersnapper

قزموغرافيا quzmūgrāfiyā cosmography

قزموغرافي quzmūgrāfī cosmographic(al)

قزان look up alphabetically

بحر قزوين baḥr qazwīn Caspian Sea

قس qassa u (qass) to seek, pursue (هـ s.th.), strive (هـ for), aspire (هـ to) V do.

قس qass, qiss pl. قسوس qusūs, قسس qusus priest, presbyter, clergyman, minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor (Chr.); -- qass (= قص ) sternum, breastbone

قساس qassās slanderer

قسيس qissīs pl. -ūn, قساوسة qasāwisa, قسان qussān, اقسة aqissa, (Copt.-Chr.) قساء qussā’ priest, presbyter, clergyman, minister, parson, vicar, curate, pastor (Chr.)

قسوسة qusūsa ministry, priesthood, presbyterate (Chr.)

رسامة قسوسية risāma qusūsīya ordination (of a priest; Chr.)

قسر qasara i (qasr) to force, compel, coerce, constrain (على ه s.o. to do s.th.); to conquer, subdue, subjugate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VIII = I

قسر qasr force, compulsion, coercion, constraint; قسرا qasran compulsorily, forcibly, by force; of necessity, necessarily, inevitably, perforce

اقتسار iqtisār conquest, subdual, subjugation

قسط II to distribute (هـ s.th.); to pay in installments (هـ s.th.) IV to act justly, in fairness, equitably

قسط qisṭ justice, fairness, equity, equitableness, fair-mindedness, rightness, correctness; (for sg. and pl.) just, fair, equitable, fair-minded, right, correct; -- (pl. اقساط aqsāt) part; share, allotment; portion; installment; quantity, amount, measure, extent | على اقساط by installments, gradually; كان على قسط كبير من to possess s.th. (a quality, a characteristic) to a large extent, have a great deal of ...

قسط qasaṭ stiffness of a joint, ankylosis (med.)

اقسط aqsaṭ juster, fairer; more correct

تقسيط taqsīṭ payment in installments | بالتقسيط in installments, gradually

مقسط muqsiṭ acting justly or with fairness, doing right; just, fair

قسطر qasṭara to test the genuineness (هـ of coins)

قسطاس qusṭās, qisṭās pl. قساطيس qasāṭīs2 balance, scales

1 قسطل qasṭal pl. قساطل qasāṭil2 water pipe, water main

2 قسطل qasṭal (eg.) chestnut

3 بلاد القساطلة bilād al-qasāṭila Castile, Spain

القسطنطينية al-qasṭanṭīnīya Constantinople

قسم qasama i (qasm) to divide, part, split (هـ s.th.); to distribute, deal out, parcel out (على هـ s.th. to, among), divide (على ه s.th. among); to let s.o. (ل ) share (في s.th.). give s.o. (ل ) a .hare of s.th. (في ), allot (في ل to s.o. s.th.); to divide, subdivide, partition, portion, break up (الى هـ s.th. into), arrange, classify (الى ه s.th. in); to partition, to compartment (هـ s.th.); to assign, apportion, decree, destine, foreordain (هـ على or ل to s.o. s.th.; of God or of fate); to divide (هـ على a number by another) II to divide, part, split (هـ s.th.); to distribute, deal out, parcel out, divide (هـ بين s.th. among); to divide, subdivide, partition, portion, break up (هـ s.th., هـ or الى into), section (هـ s.th.), arrange, classify (هـ s.th., هـ or الى in); to partition, to compartment (هـ s.th.); (Chr.) to consecrate, ordain (هـ s.o.); to exorcise a devil or demon (على from s.o., by adjuration) III to share (هـ ه with s.o. s.th.); to bind o.s. by oath (على ه to s.o. to do s.th.) IV to take an oath, swear (ب by; على ل to s.o. s.th.; على ان to do s.th.) | اقسم عليه الا فعله (illā fa‘alahū) to adjure or entreat s.o. to do s.th.; اقسموا جهد ايمانهم (jahda aimānihim) they swore by all that is right and holy, they swore the most solemn oaths; اقسم بمقدساتا (muqadasātihī) to swear by all that’s holy V to be divided, be parted, be split; to be distributed, be parceled out; to share (ه, هـ a possession), divide among themselves (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to scatter, disperse (هـ s.th.); to drive away, dispel (هـ s.th.); to beset grievously, harass or torment jointly (ه s.o.) | تقسموه ضربا وجيعا (ḍarban) they took turns in dealing him painful blows, they gave him a severe beating VI to divide or distribute among themselves (هـ s.th.); to beset, harass, torment (ه s.o.; thoughts, worries, etc.) VII to be divided, be parted, be split; to be distributed, be dispersed, be separated; to be divided, be subdivided, be portioned, be broken up (الى into) VIII to divide or distribute among themselves (هـ s.th.) X to seek an oracle from the deity, cast lots

قسم qism pl. اقسام aqsām part, share, allotment; portion; division, compartment; section; department; group, class; district, precinct; police precinct, police station (Eg.); administrative subdivision of a muḥāaẓa (Eg.); subcommittee; kind, sort, specimen, species

قسمة qisma dividing, division, distribution, allotment, apportionment; (math.) division (على by); (pl. قسم qisam) part, portion, share, allotment; lot, destiny, fate (foreordained by God)

قسم qasam pl. اقسام aqsām oath; قسما qasaman I swear! قسما ب I swear by …!

قسمات qasamāt, qasimāt features, lineaments (of the face)

قسام qasām and قسامة qasāma beauty, elegance

قسيم qasīm pl. قسماء qusamā’2, اقسماء aqsimā’2 sharer, partner, copartner, participant; -- (pl. اقسماء aqsimā’2) part, portion, share, allotment; counterpart

قسيمة qasīma pl. قسائم qasā’im2 coupon; receipt

تقسيم taqsīm exorcism; (pl. -āt) dividing, division, partition, parting, splitting, sectioning, portioning; distribution, allotment, apportionment; dealing out; division, subdivision, partition(ment); pl. تقاسيم taqāsīm2 structure, build, proportions (e.g., of the body); -- solo recital (mus.)

تقسيمة taqsīma pl. تقاسيم taqāsīm2 short solo piece for an instrument (mus.)

مقاسمة muqāsama partnership, participation, sharing

انقسام inqisām division, split, disruption, breakup; schism

اقتسام iqtisām dividing, division, distribution (among themselves)

قام qāsim divider; distributor; divisor, denominator (math.)

مقسوم maqsūm dividend (math.); مقسوم عليه divisor (math.)

مقسم muqassim divider; distributor

مقاسم muqāsim sharer, partner, co-partner, participant

قسنطينة qusanṭīna2 Constantine (city in NE Algeria)

قسا (قسو ) qasā u (قسوة qaswa, قساو qasāwa) to be harsh, stern, cruel, merciless, remorseless (على toward s.o.); to handle roughly, treat harshly, severely, cruelly, without mercy (على s.o.) II to harden, indurate, render obdurate or impenitent (هـ the heart) III to undergo, suffer, endure, sustain, bear, stand (هـ s.th.), bear up (هـ against s.th.) IV = II

قسو qasw hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor, austerity

قسوة qaswa, hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor, austerity; cruelty, mercilessness, remorselessness

قساوة qasāwa hardness, harshness, grimness, sternness, severity, rigor, austerity; cruelty, mercilessness, remorselessness

قسى qusīy hard, solid, firm

اقسى aqsā harder, harsher, sterner, severer; more cruel; more difficult

مقاساة muqāsāh undergoing, suffering, enduring, sustaining, bearing, standing

قاس qāsin pl. قساة qusāh hard, harsh, grim, stern, severe, austere, rough; cruel, inexorable, relentless, merciless, remorseless; difficult

1 قسي qasīy see قسو

2 قسي qusīy, qisīy pl. of قوس qaus

قش qašša i u (qašš) to collect, gather (up), pick up (هـ s.th.); to pick up from here and there (هـ s.th.); to become dry, dry up, shrivel up, wither (esp., of a plant) II to take of this and that

قش qašš straw | قش الحديد steel wool; حمى القش ḥummā l-q. bay fever

قشة qašša (n. un.) a straw | قشة ثقاب match, matchstick; خيار قشة (eg.) gherkins

قشيش qašīš sweepings, rubbish, garbage, trash, refuse; offal, waste, scrap

مقشة miqašša (eg.) broom, besom

قشب qišb, qašab pl. اقشاب aqšāb poison

قشيب qašīb pl. قشب qušub new; clean; polished, burnished

قشد qašada u (qašId) to skim, take off (هـ the cream)

قشدة qišda cream

قشر qašara i u (qašr) to peel, pare, shell, derind, bark, skin, scale, shave off, husk, shuck (هـ s.th.) II = I; V to be peeled, be pared, be shelled, be derinded, be barked, be skinned, be scaled, be shaved off, be husked, be shucked; to come off in scales, scale off, flake off, peel off (skin; coating) VII = V

قشر qišr pl. قشور qušūr cover(ing), integument, envelope; shell; peel; rind, bark; skin, crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scales (of fish); slough (of a snake); pl. قشور trash, garbage, refuse; trivialities, banalities; externals, superficialities, formalities; dandruff | قشر الرأس q. ar-ra’s dandruff

قشرة qišra peel, rind (e.g., of a fruit), shell (of an egg, of a nut); bark; skin; crust; scab; scurf; hull, husk, shuck; scale; slough (of a snake)

قشري qišrī scaly, scurfy, scabrous, squamous; crustaceous | الاكزيما القشرية psoriasis (med.); O الحيوانات القشرية (ḥayawānāt) crustaceans

تقشير taqšīr peeling, paring, shelling; derinding, barking; skinning; scaling; shaving off, scraping off; husking, shucking

قشط qašaṭa i (qašṭ) to take off, strip (off), remove (عن هـ s.th. from); to skim (هـ cream); to scratch off, scrape off, abrade (هـ s.th.) II to take off (هـ s.th.); to strip off (هـ s.th.); to rob (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), plunder, strip of his belongings (ه s.o.)

قشطة (eg.) qišṭa, (syr.) gašṭa cream; (eg.) sweetsop (Annona squamosa L.; bot.), custard apple

قشاط qišāṭ (leather) strap, thong; whiplash; drive belt, transmission belt

قشاط qušāṭ (eg.) pl. -āt jetton. chip, counter; piece, man (checkers, backgammon)

O مقشط miqšaṭ pl. مقاشط maqāšiṭ2 eraser, erasing knife

O مقشطة miqšaṭa pl. مقاشط maqāšiṭ2 milling machine, miller

قشع qaša‘a a (qaš‘) to scatter, disperse, drive away, chase away (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), dispel (هـ s.th.) IV to scatter, disperse, drive away, chase away (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), dispel (هـ s.th.); to scatter, disperse, break up (crowd), lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness) V and VII to be scattered, be dispersed, be driven away, be chased away; to scatter, disperse, break up (crowd),

lift, dissolve (clouds, darkness)

(قشعر ) IV اقشعر iqša‘'amJ to Ibudder, lhiver,

tremble. quake. Ihake, bave gooae s..b

(witb cold. witb fright) I')":I .:.. ~ •.;.

("I~)'I or) la,'"" laqla"""" m,,,",, I-;tdud"

a bloodcurdling thing. a borrible.

ghastly thing

'J..~ quk{rira shudder, tremor,

trembling. Ibakos; lhiver(ing); ague

~ qaI'am pl. ~L.:; qaAa'im' lion I ~ rl

"mm q. byena; calamity, disaster

قشف qašifa a (qašaf) and qašufa u (قشافة qašafa) to live in squalor and misery; to have a dirty skin; to pay no attention to cleanliness II (eg.) to become rough and chapped, to chap (hands) V = I; to lead an ascetic life, mortify the bodily appetites; (eg.) to become rough and chapped, to chap (skin)

قشفة qišfa (eg.) pl. قشف qišaf crust (of bread)

تقشف taqaššuf asceticism, mortification of the flesh; simple, primitive way of life

متقشف mutaqaššif ascetic(al); (eg.) roughened, chapped (hands); المتقشفة al-mutaqaššifa the ascetics

قشقش qašqaša to cure (من ه s.o. of scabies, of smallpox); to sweep out, sweep away (هـ s.th.)

1 قشل qašila (qašal) (eg.) to be poor, penniless, without means

2 قشلة (Turk. kışla) qašla pl. قشل qišal (military) barracks (syr.); hospital (eg.)

قشلاق (Turk. kışlak) qušlāq pl. -āt (military) barracks

قشمش qišmiš a variety of currants (= seedless raisins)

قاشاني look up alphabetically

قص qaṣṣa u (qaṣṣ) to cut, cut off, clip (هـ s.th.); to shear, shear off (هـ s.th.); to trim, curtail, dock, crop, lop (هـ s.th.); -- (qaṣṣ, قصص qaṣaṣ): قص اثره (atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.; (قصص qaṣas) to relate, narrate, tell (هـ على to s.o. s.th.) II to out off, shear off, clip, curtail, dock, trim, crop, lop (هـ s.th.) III to retaliate (ه upon s.o.), return like for like (ه to s.o.); to avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (ه on s.o.); to punish, castigate, chastise (ه s.o.); (com.) to settle accounts (ه with s.o.); to be quits, be even (ه with s.o.) V اثره (atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. VIII = V; to tell accurately, relate exactly (هـ s.th.); to retaliate (من upon s.o.), return like for like (من to s.o.); to avenge o.s., revenge o.s., take vengeance (من on s.o.); to punish, castigate, chastise (من s.o.)

قص clippings, outings, chips, snips, shreds, scraps; sternum, breastbone

قصة quṣṣa pl. قصص quṣaṣ, قصاص qiṣāṣ forelock; lock of hair

قصة qiṣṣa manner of cutting; cut; (pl. قصص qiṣaṣ) narrative, tale, story | قصة هذا الشيء ان the matter is so that ..., the thing is best described by saying that ...

قصص qaṣaṣ clippings, cuttings, chips, snips, shreds, narrative, tale, story

قصصي qiṣaṣī, qaṣaṣī narrative, epic(al); (pl. قصصيون ) storyteller, writer of fiction, novelist, romancer | الشعر القصصي (ši‘r) epic poetry

قصاصة quṣāṣa (coll. قصاص quṣāṣ, and قصاصة quṣāṣa) pl. -āt cutting, chip, snip, shred; scrap (of paper); slip (of paper); (newspaper) clipping

قصاص qaṣṣāṣ shearer; tracker, tracer of tracks; writer of fiction, novelist, romancer

اقصوصة uqṣūṣa pl. اقاصيص aqāṣīṣ2 narrative, tale, novella, novel; short story

مقص miqaṣṣ pl. مقاص maqāṣ (pair of) scissors, (pair of) shears; (syr.) springs (of an automobile, of a coach) | ابو مقص abū m. earwig; skimmer, scissorbill (Rhynchops; zool.)

قصاص qiṣāṣ requital, reprisal, retaliation; punishment, castigation, chastisement; accounting, clearing, settlement of accounts

مقاصة muqāṣṣa accounting, clearing, settlement of accounts; balancing, adjustment, set off; compensation (com.) | غرفة المقاصة gurfat al-m. clearing house (fin.)

مقصوص maqṣūṣ pl. مقاصيص maqāṣīṣ2 (eg.) lovelock, earlock

مقصوصة maqṣūṣa skimming ladle, skimmer

قصاج quṣāj pl. -āt pliers, pincers, nippers

قصب qaṣaba i (qaṣb) to out up, carve up (هـ a slaughtered animal) II to curl (هـ the hair); to brocade, embroider with gold and silver thread (هـ s.th.)

قصب qaṣab (coll.) cane(s), reed(s); sugar cane; stalks (of cereal grasses); gold and silver thread, gold and silver

embroidery; brocade | قصب الذهب q. ad-dahab gold brocade; قصب السكر q. as-sukkar sugar cane; القصب الهندي (hindī) bamboo; احرز قصب السبق (والغلب ) aḥraza qaṣaba s-sabq (wa-l-galb) to come through with flying colors, carry the day, score a great success

قصبة qaṣaba (n. un.) pl. -āt cane, reed; pipe, tube; pipestem, pipe tube; writing pen; windpipe, trachea; shaft (of a well); a wind instrument resembling the reed pipe; kassabah, a linear measure (Eg. = 3.55 m); citadel; capital city, metropolis | قصبة الرئة q. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea; قصبة المريء q. al-marī’ gullet, esophagus

قصابة qaṣāba butcher’s trade, butchery

قصيبة quṣaiba (tun.) oats

قصاب qaṣṣāb butcher, slaughterer; (eg.) land surveyor

قصابة qaṣāba (reed) pipe

مقصب muqaṣṣab embroidered with gold and silver thread, brocaded, trimmed with brocade

قصاج look up alphabetically

قصد qaṣada i (qaṣd) to go or proceed straightaway (الى or هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), make a beeline (الى or هـ, ه for), walk up to s.o. or s.th. (الى or هـ .); to go to see (الى, ه s.o.), call (الى, ه on s.o.); to betake o.s., repair, go (الى, ه to a place; الى, ه to s.o.), be headed, be bound (الى, ه for a place); to seek, pursue (الى, هـ s.th.), strive (الى, هـ for), aspire (الى, هـ to), intend, have in mind (الى, هـ s.th.; من or ب هـ s.th. with s.th. else); to aim (الى, هـ at s.th.); to have in view, contemplate, consider, purpose (هـ s.th.); to mean, try to say (هـ ب or من by s.th. s.th.); to adopt a middle course (في in, at); to be economical, frugal, thrifty, provident; to economize, save | قصد قصده (qaṣdahū) to walk up to s.o., go toward s.o.; to follow, imitate s.o. IV to induce to go (الى to s.o., to a place; ه s.o.); to compose kasidas V to be broken, break; (eg.) to be angry (ه with s.o.), be mad (ه at s.o.) VII to be broken, break VIII to adopt a middle course (في in, at; بين between); to assume a mediatory position (بين between), act as mediator; to be economical, frugal, thrifty, provident, economize (في with); to save (هـ money, etc.); to compose kasidas

قصد qaṣd endeavor, aspiration, intention, intent; design, purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end; frugality; thrift, economy | قصدا qaṣdan, عن قصد intentionally, purposely, advisedly, on purpose; deliberately; عن غير قصد unintentionally, inadvertently; حسن القصد ḥusn al.q. good intention; سوء القصد sū’ al-q. evil intention هو قصدك (qaṣdaka, qaṣduka) he is in front of you, before you, opposite you

قصدي qaṣdī intentional; intended

قصاد quṣād (prep.) in front of, before, opposite (eg.)

قصيد qaṣīd aspired, desired, aimed at, intended; faultless, without defects (of a poem); also = قصيدة | بيت القصيد bait al-q. (the essential, principal verse of the kasida, i.e.) the main point, the principal part, the essence, the core, the gist, the hest, the hit, the climax of s.th., that which stands out from the rest, the right thing

قصيدة qaṣīda pl. قصائد qaṣā’id2 kasida, an ancient Arabic poem having, as a rule, a rigid tripartite structure) | بيت القصيدة = بيت القصيد , see under قصيد

اقصد aqṣad2 directer, directest

مقصد maqṣad pl. مقاصد maqāṣid2 (place of) destination; intention, intent; design, purpose, resolution; object, goal, aim, end; sense, meaning, import, purport, significance | سيئ المقاصد sayyi’ al-m. malevolent, malicious

اقتصاد iqtiṣād saving, economization, retrenchment; thriftiness, thrift, providence; economy | علم الاقتصاد ‘ilm al-iqt., (علم) الاقتصاد السياسي (siyāsī) economics, political economy; اقتصادا في الوقت iqtiṣādan fī l-waqt in order to save time

اقتصادي iqtiṣādī economical; saving, thrifty, provident; economic; economist, political economist; الاقتصاديات the economy

قاصد qāṣid direct, straight (way); easy, smooth, pleasant, short (of travel) | قاصد رسولي (rasūlī) (pl. قصاد quṣṣād) apostolic delegate

قصادة رسولية qiṣāda rasūlīya papal legation

مقصود maqṣūd aimed at, intended; intentional, designed, deliberate; meant

قصدير qaṣdīr tin

2 قصر qaṣura u (qiṣar, qaṣr, قصارة qaṣāra) to be or become short, too short, or shorter; to be insufficient, be inadequate; -- qaṣara u (قصور quṣūr) to miss, fail to reach (عن s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (عن of); to he incapable (عن of), he unable (عن to do s.th.), fail to reach, attain, accomplish, or achieve (عن s.th.); not to he equal (عن to s.th.), not to be up to s.th. (عن ), he unable to cope with s.th. (عن ); to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (عن from); -- qaṣara i u (qaṣr) to make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (هـ s.th.); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr) to hold hack, restrain, check, curb (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to keep under supervision or control (هـ, ه s.o., s.h.); to lock up (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to limit, restrict, confine (على هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); -- qaṣara u (qaṣr, قصارة qiṣāara) to full, whiten, bleach, blanch (هـ s.th.) II to make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (هـ s.th.); to miss, fail to reach (عن s.th., e.g., a target), fall short (عن of); to he incapable (عن of), be unable (عن to do s.th.); to fail to accomplish, achieve, reach, or attain (عن s.th.); not to be equal (عن to s.th.), not to he up to s.th. (عن ), he unable to cope with s.th. (عن ); to be inadequate, insufficient, inferior; to be remise (في in, at, in some work), be derelict (في to), fall behind, lag behind (في in); to be negligent, careless; to be in, negligent, neglectful (في in), neglect (في s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (عن from) | لم يقصر he spared no pains or expense in or with ..., he left nothing undone to ..., he did not fail to IV to make short or shorter, shorten, cut short, curtail, abridge, reduce, lessen (هـ s.th.); to desist, cease, refrain, abstain (عن from) VI to contract, shrink, dwindle, become smaller; to be incapable (عن of); to desist, cease (عن from); to refrain. abstain (عن from) VIII to limit o.s., restrict o.s., confine o.s., be limited, restricted, or confined (على to); to content o.s., be content (على with) X to find short, regard as deficient or inadequate (هـ s.th.)

قصر qaṣr shortness, brevity; smallness; incapability, inability; insufficiency, inadequacy; laxity, slackness, negligence, neglectfulness; indolence, inertness, laziness; shortening, curtailment, abridgment, reduction, diminution; limitation, restriction. confinement (على to); theutmost that is in s.o.’s power, e.g., قصرك ان تفعل هذا (qaṣruka) the most you can hope to accomplish is to do this; you must limit yourself to doing this

قصر qaṣr pl. قصور quṣū castle; palace; palais | قصر العدلية q. al-‘adlīya (Mor.) palace of justice, courthouse

قصرية qaṣrīya pl. قصار qaṣārin pot; flowerpot; chamber pot

قصر qiṣar shortness, brevity; smallness | قصر النظر q. an-naẓar nearsightedness, shortsightedness

قصر qaṣr slackness, laxity, negligence, neglectfulness; indolence, inertness, laziness

قصار qaṣār, quṣār: قصارك ان تفعل هذا = قصاراك ان تفعل هذا (see قصارى )

قصار qaṣṣār fuller, bleacher

قصور quṣūr incapability, inability; insufficiency, inadequacy; deficiency, shortcoming, lack; reduction, diminution, decrease; slackness, laxity, negligence, neglectfulness; indolence, inertness, laziness; legal minority, nonage | قصور الباع powerlessness, impotence, helplessness, weakness, incapability, inability (عن of, to do s.th.)

قصير qaṣīr pl. قصار qiṣār short; small, short (of stature), low | قصير الأجل q. al-ajal short-term(ed), short-dated, short-lived; قصير الباع powerless, impotent, helpless, weak, incapable, unable; parsimonious, niggardly; قصير اليد q. al-yad do.

قصارة qiṣāra trade of the fuller or bleacher

قصارى quṣārā the utmost, the limit (ه ) s.o.’s power) | قصاراك ان تفعل كذا (quṣārāka) the most you can accomplish is to do this; you must limit yourself to doing this; بذل قصاراه or بذل قصارى الجهد (q. l-jahd) to exert every conceivable effort (ل to, in order to; ب on, for), go to great lengths, go out of one’s way, do one’s best, do all in one’s power, leave no stone untamed (ل to, in order to); قصارى الأمر q. l-amr, قصارى القول q. l-qaul in short, in brief, to make a long story short

اقصر aqṣar2 shorter

الاقصر al-aqṣur Luxor (town in Upper Egypt)

تقصير taqṣīr shortening, curtailment, abridgment, reduction, diminution, limitation, restriction, confinement; incapability, incapacity, inability; insufficiency, inadequacy, inferiority; neglect, dereliction (في of ), remissness (في in); slackness, laxity, negligence, neglectfullness; defect, fault, failing, deficiency, shortcoming

قاصر qāṣir incapable (عن of), unable (عن to do s.th.); limited, restricted, confined (على to); reserved (على for); intransitive (gram.); (pl. -ūn, قصر quṣṣar) legally minor, under age; a legal minor | قاصرة الطرف q. aṭ-ṭarf (of a woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest; قاصر اليد q. al-yad powerless, impotent, helpless, weak, incapable, unable; parsimonious, niggardly

مقصور maqṣūr confined (على to); restricted, limited | مقصورة الطرف m. aṭ-ṭarf

(woman) chaste-eyed, chaste, demure, modest; الف مقصورة (alif) the alif that can be shortened, i.e., final ى , pronounced -ā (e.g., رمى ramā) and ا , without following hamza (gram.)

مقصورة maqṣūra pl. -āt, مقاصير maqāṣīr2 palace; cabinet, closet; compartment; box or stall in a mosque near the mihrab, reserved for the ruler; (theater, cinema) box, log.; the detached portion of a mosque set aside for the communal prayer, and frequently enclosing the tomb of the patron saint; (prisoner’s) dock; chapel (in a church)

مقصر muqaṣṣir slack, negligent, neglectful

مقتصر muqtaṣir limited, restricted, confined (على to)

مقتصر muqtaṣar short, brief, concise, terse, succinct, summary

قيصر look up alphabetically

قصع qaṣa‘a a (qaṣ‘) to drink in avid gulps, gulp down, pour down, toss down (هـ water); to slake quench (هـ the thirst); to grind, crush. bruise, squash, mash (هـ (s.th.)

قصعة qaṣ‘a pl. qaṣa‘āt, قصع qiṣa‘, قصاع qiṣā‘ large bowl (made of wood or copper); (ir.) kettle

قصف qaṣafa i (qaṣf) to break, shatter, smash (هـ s.th.); to beset, harass, press hard, oppress (ه s.o.), bear down (ه upon s.o.); to bomb (ه s.th.); to thunder, roar (esp., of cannon); to roll, rumble, grumble, peal (of thunder); -- u (qaṣf, قصوف quṣūf) to feast, revel, carouse; to lead a life of opulence; -- qaṣifa a (qaṣaf) to break; to be frail, delicate, brittle, fragile V and VII to be broken, break, snap

قصف qaṣf thunder, roar (e.g., of cannon); revelry, carousal

قصف qaṣif frail, delicate, brittle, fragile; broken

قصيف qaṣīf frail, delicate, brittle, fragile; broken

قصوف quṣūf revelry, carousal

مقصف maqṣaf pl. مقاصف maqāṣif2 refreshment room; post exchange, canteen; casino; bar; buffet, refreshment counter

قصقص qaṣqaṣa to break, shatter (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to snip off the ends (هـ of s.th.), clip, trim, crop (هـ s.th.)

قصل qaṣala i (qaṣl) to cut off, mow (off) (هـ s.th.) VIII to cut off (هـ s.th.)

قصل qaṣal chaff, husks, shucks, awns (of grain); (n. un. ة ) stalks

قصال qaṣṣāl sharp, cutting, sharp-pointed

قصيل qaṣīl (eg.) winter barley

مقصل miqṣal sharp, cutting, sharp-pointed

O مقصلة miqṣala pl. -āt, مقاصل maqāṣil2 guillotine

قاصل qāṣil sharp, cutting

قصم qaṣama i (qaṣm) to break, shatter (هـ s.th.) | قصم ظهره (ẓahrahū) (to break s.o.’s back =) to be a mortal blow to s.o. V to be broken, break, snap VII = V

قصم qaṣim easily broken, brittle, fragile

قصيم qaṣīm easily broken, brittle, fragile

قاصم qāṣim pl. قواصم qawāṣim2 breaking | قاصمة الظهر qāṣimat aẓ-ẓahr mortal blow, catastrophe, disaster; ضربات قواصم (ḍarabat) mortal blows, crushing blows

(قصو and قصي) قصا qaṣā u (قصو qaṣw, quṣuw, قصاء qaṣā’) and قصي qaṣiya a (قصا, قصى qaṣan) to be far away, be far removed, be at a great distance (عن from), be remote, distant; to go far away (عن from) IV to take far away, send far away (عن ه s.o., s.th. from); to remove (عن ه s.o. from); to drive away (عن ه s.o. from); to drag away (عن ه s.o. from); to dismiss (ه s.o., عن الخدمة from a job); to reach the utmost limit (هـ of s.th.) | لا يقصيه البصر lā yuqṣīhi l-baṣaru out of sight, not within view, invisible V to go far away (عن from); to penetrate deeply, inquire (هـ into a problem, and the like), examine, study, investigate (هـ s.th.), go to the root (0 of s.th.); to follow out, follow to a. conclusion (هـ s.th.); to examine, feel out, palpate (هـ s.th.) X to penetrate deeply, inquire (هـ into a problem, and the like), examine, study, investigate (هـ s.th.), go to the root (هـ of s.th.); to inquire, make inquiries (عن about)

قصا qaṣan and قصاء qaṣā’ distance, remoteness

قصي qaṣīy pl. اقصاء aqṣā’ far (away), distant, remote

اقصى aqṣā, f. قصوى quṣwā, pl. اقاص aqāṣin more distant, remoter, farther (away);

most distant, remotest, farthest; utmost, extreme, ultimate; maximal, maximum; the farthermost part; the utmost, extreme, extremity; end | المسجد الأقصى (masjid) name of a mosque on the Temple Square in Jerusalem; الشرق الأقصى (šarq) the Far East; المغرب الأقصى (magrib) (the extreme west =) Morocco; الغاية القصوى من the utmost degree of, the maximum of; اقاصي الأرض aqāsī l-arḍ the remotest parts of the earth, the ends of the world; عند الضرورة القصوى (ḍarūra) in case of dire necessity, when worst comes to worst; الى اقصى حد aqṣā ḥaddin to the extreme limit, to the utmost; as far as possible; من اقصاه الى اقصاه or من ادناه الى اقصاه (adnāhu) from one end to the other, throughout, everything without exception

تقص taqaṣṣin thorough examination, close study, minute investigation

استقصاء istiqṣā’ thorough examination, close study, minute investigation; inquiry (عن about)

قاص qāṣin pl. قاصون qāṣūn, اقصاء aqṣā’ distant, remote, far (away) | القاصى والدانى (lit.: the distant one and the near one =) everybody, all people; في القاصية والدانية near and far

قض qaḍḍa u (qaḍḍ) to pierce, bore, perforate (هـ s.th.); to break into pieces, crush, bray, bruise, pulverize (هـ s.th.); to tear down, demolish (هـ a wall); to pull out. tear out (هـ a peg or stake); -- a (قضض qaḍaḍ) to be rough, crude, hard (bed) IV to be rough, crude, hard (bed); to make rough, crude or hard (هـ the bed) | اقض مضجعه (maḍja‘ahū) or اقض عليه المضجع to rob s.o.’s sleep VII to swoop down, pounce down, dive down, descend; to strike (على s.th.; of lightning); to pounce, fall, rush, hurl o.s. (على upon), storm, rush (على against), charge, attack, assail (على s.o.); to be broken, cracked, threaten to collapse; to fall, tumble

قض qaḍḍ (coll.) pebbles; gravel | جاء القوم قضهم jā’a l-qaumu qaḍḍuhum (qaḍḍahum) all the people came

قضة qiḍḍa pebbles; gravel

قضيض qaḍīḍ pebbles; gravel | جاء القوم قضيضهم (بقضيضهم ) (qaum) all the people came

انقضاض inqiḍāḍ swooping down, pouncing down, dive, downrush; onrush, onslaught, storm, assault | مدفع الانقضاض midfa‘ al-inq. (pl. مدافع madāfi‘) self-propelled assault gun (mil.); طائرة الانقضاض dive bomber

طائرة منقضة ṭā’ira munqaḍḍa dive bomber

قضب qaḍaba i (qaḍb) to cut off (هـ s.th.); to lop, prone, trim (هـ trees) II = I; VIII = I; to abridge (هـ s.th.), give a condensed extract, make a digest (هـ of s.th.); to extemporize, improvise (هـ s.th.), quote extempore (هـ verses, and the like), deliver offhand (هـ a speech)

قضب qaḍb edible herbs

قضيب qaḍīb pl. قضبان qaḍbān cut-off branch, twig, switch; stick, rod, staff,

wand; bar (of a grate); male organ of generation, penis, phallus; rail (railroad); guide, guide rail, guideway (tehn.)

قضابة qaḍāba that which is lopped or out off; lops, prunings, trimmings (of trees)

مقضب miqḍab pruning hook; pruning shears, pruning knife

اقتضاب iqtiḍāb abridgment; digest; extract; conciseness, terseness, brevity; improvisation

مقتضب muqtaḍab short, brief, concise, terse; improvised, extemporaneous, offhand, unprepared; المقتضب name of a poetic meter; pl. مقتضبات short news items, news in brief (journ.)

قضع qaḍ‘ gripes, colic

قضاع quḍā‘ gripes, colic

قضف qaḍufa u to be or become slender, slim, thin, narrow

قضم qaḍma a and qaḍama i (qaḍm) to gnaw (هـ s.th., on s.th.); to nibble (هـ s.th., at s.th.)

قضامة (pronounced qḍāme; syr.) roasted and salted chick-peas; assorted nuts, peanuts, pistachios, etc.; birdseed

الحيوانات القاضمة al-ḥayawānāt al-qāḍima the rodents

قضى qaḍā i (قضاء qaḍā’) to settle (هـ s.th.); to finish, terminate, conclude, end, close, wind up, complete, consummate, accomplish, achieve (هـ s.th.); to carry out, execute, perform, effectuate (هـ s.th.); to fulfill (هـ a request), comply (هـ with); to do, perform (هـ one’s duty); to gratify (هـ a wish), provide (هـ for a need), satisfy, meet, answer, discharge (هـ a demand, a claim); to pay, settle (هـ a debt); to spend, pass (هـ time); to die (= قضى اجله ); to fix, appoint, determine, decree, decide, rule (ب s.th., بان that); (of God) to foreordain, predestine; to judge, act as judge, decide judicially (بين between two litigants); to pass or pronounce judgment (ل in favor of s.o.; على against s.o.); to sentence, condemn (ب على s.o. to), impose, inflict (ب على upon s.o. a penalty); to impose or enjoin as a duty (ب على upon s.o. s.th.); to make necessary or requisite (ب على for s.o. s.th.), require s.o. (على ) to do s.th. (ب ), compel, force (على s.o. ب to do s.th.); to demand, require, necessitate (ب s.th.), call for s.th. (ب ); to root out, extirpate, annihilate, exterminate (على s.o., s.th.); to kill, do in (على s.o.), do away (على with s.o., with s.th.), put an end (على to s.th.); to thwart, foil, frustrate (على s.th.) | قضى اجله (ajalahū) to pass away, die; قضى العجب من (‘ajaba) to be full of amazement at, be very astonished at; قضى نحبه (naḥbahū) to fulfill one’s vow; to pass away, die; قضى وطره (waṭarahū) to attain one’s aim or end, see one’s wish fulfilled; قضى الأمر quḍiya l-amru the matter is decided and done with, the die is cast; قضي امره quḍiya amruhū and قضي عليه quḍiya ‘alaihi it’s all over with him, he’s a goner II to carry out, execute, perform, effectuate (هـ s.th.) III to summon before a judge, bring before a court of justice, arraign (ه s.o.); to prosecute, sue (ه s.o.), take legal action, bring suit (ه against s.o.); to demand (ب ه from s.o. payment of s.th.), call in (ب ه from s.o. s.th.) V to be finished, completed; to peas, go by, elapse, expire, run out (time) VI to litigate, carry on a lawsuit; to demand (هـ s.th.; من هـ or ه from s.o. payment of s.th.; from s.o. s.th.), call in (هـ s.th., من or ه from s.o.), claim (هـ على for s.th. remuneration), lay claim (هـ to s.th.); to get, receive (هـ ه from s.o. s.th., also هـ من s.th. from, esp. money owed, emolument) VII to be completed, be finished, be done, be terminated, be concluded, come to an end, cease, stop; to pass, go by, elapse, expire, run out (time); to have expired, have elapsed, be over, be peat (time) VIII to demand, claim, exact, require (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.); to make necessary, make requisite, necessitate, require (هـ s.th.) X to demand, claim, exact, require (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.)

قضى qaḍan judgment, sentence, (judicial) decision, (court) ruling

قضاء qaḍā’ settling, finishing, ending, closing, termination, conclusion, windup, completion, accomplishment; carrying out, execution, performance, effectuation; fulfillment, satisfaction, gratification (of a wish, of a desire); provision (for a need); compliance (with a request); payment, settlement, discharge (of a debt); passing, spending (of a period of time); divine decree, destiny, fate; judgment, sentence, (judicial) decision, (court) ruling, ordinance; administration of the law, judiciary, jurisprudence, justice; law; jurisdiction; office of judge, judge, ship, judicature; judging, rendering of judgment; sentencing, condemnation (على of s.o.); extermination, annihilation, extirpation (على of s.o., of s.th.), killing (على of s.o.), thwarting, foiling frustration

(على of s.th.); -- (pl. اقضية aqḍiya) district, province (Syr., Ir., Leb., Saudi Ar., Yemen) | قضاء الله death; القضاء الشرعي (šar‘ī) jurisdiction based on the Sharia; canonical law, Sharia law; دار القضاء court of justice, tribunal; محكمة القضاء الإداري maḥkmat al-q. al-idārī administrative court; القضاء والقدر (wa-l-qadar) fate and divine decree; بالقضاء والقدر (or قضاء وقدرا qaḍā’an wa-qadaran) by fate and divine decree; قضي القضاء (quḍiya) the divine decree was fulfilled, i.e., death came with God’s will

قضائي qaḍā’ī judicial, judicatory; forensic, legal, judiciary, pertaining to courts of justice | حارس قضائي pl. حراس قضائيون (ḥurrās) legally appointed trustee or administrator, receiver in bankruptcy, liquidator, sequestrator

قضوية الصلح qaḍawīyat aṣ-ṣulḥ jurisdiction of a justice of the peace

قضية qaḍīya pl. قضايا qaḍāyā lawsuit; litigation, judicial contest; action at law, suit; (legal) case, cause, legal affair; matter, affair; question, problem, issue; theorem, proposition (math.)

مقاضاة muqāḍāh trial, hearing

انقضاء inqiḍā’ passing, elapsing, termination, expiry, expiration, end (of a period of time); extinction (of an obligation)

اقتضاء iqtiḍā’ necessity, need, exigency, requirement | عند الاقتضاء in case of need, if need be, when necessary

قاض qāḍin decisive, conclusive; deadly, lethal; (pl. قضاة quḍāh) judge, magistrate, justice, cadi; pl. قواض qawāḍin requirements, exigencies | سم قاض (samm) deadly poison; ضربة قاضية (ḍarba) decisive blow (على against); knockout (boxing); mortal or crushing blow, deathblow (على to); رأى من قواضى الذمة ان (q. d-dimma) to regard it u one’s duty to ...; قاضي البحث q. l-baḥt (Tun.) examining magistrate; قاضي التحقيق (Eg.) examining magistrate; قاضي الإحالة q. l-iḥāla (Eg.) magistrate sitting at defendant’s arraignment, trial judge; قاضي الصلح q. ṣ-ṣulḥ justice of the peace

مقضي maqḍīy settled, finished, done, completed, accomplished, etc. | الأمر المقضي accomplished fact, fait accompli

متقاض mutaqāḍin pl. متقاضون mutaqāḍūn litigant; المتقاضيان al-mutaqāḍiyān the two litigants

متقاضى mutaqāḍan subject to legal prosecution

مقتضى muqtaḍan required, necessary, requisite; (pl. مقتضيات muqtaḍayāt) requirement, exigency, necessity, need | بمقتضى bi-muqtaḍā (prep.) according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, pursuant to, under; عند مقتضيات الأحوال should the circumstances require it

1 قط qaṭṭu (chiefly with the put tense in negative sentences) ever, (neg.:) never

2 قط qaṭṭa u (qaṭṭ) to carve (هـ s.th.); to cut, trim, clip, pare (هـ s.th.); to mend the point (هـ of a pen), nib, sharpen (هـ a pen) II to carve, turn (هـ wood) VIII to sharpen, nib (هـ a pen)

قط qaṭṭ short and curly (hair)

قطاط qaṭṭāṭ turner

3 قط qiṭṭ pl. قطط qiṭaṭ, قطاط qiṭāṭ, قططة qiṭaṭa male cat, tomcat | قط الزباد q. az-zabād civet cat

قطة qiṭṭa female cat

قطيطة quṭaiṭa kitten

قطب qaṭaba i (qaṭb) to gather, collect (هـ s.th.); -- (qaṭb, قطوب quṭūb) to contract the eyebrows (also قطب حاجبيه q. ḥājibaihi), knit the brows, frown, scowl, glower | قطب جبينه (jabīnahū) to frown II to scowl, glower; to knit the brows, frown; (eg.) to sew together (هـ s.th.) V to become gloomy (countenance) X O to polarize (هـ s.th.; phys.)

قطب quṭb pl. اقطاب aqṭāb axis, axle; pole (astron., geogr., el.); pivot; leader; authority, leading personality, celebrity (chiefly used in the pl.) | قطب الرحى q. ar-raḥā pivot (of s.th.; fig.); القطب الجنوبي (janūbī) the South Pole; القطب الشمالي (šamālī) the North Pole; قطب سالب negative pole; cathode, قطب موجب (mūjab) positive pole, anode

قطبي quṭbī polar | O الشفق القطبي (šafaq) polar light

قطبة quṭba (eg.) stitch (in sowing)

قطوب quṭūb frowning, scowling, glowering

O استقطاب istiqṭāb polarization (phys.)

قاطبة qāṭibatan all together, all without exception, one and all

قطر qaṭara u (qaṭr, قطران qaṭarān) to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle II (qaṭr) to let fall or sow in drops, drip, drop, dribble, infuse in drops or driblets (هـ s.th.); to filter, filtrate (هـ s.th.); to refine (هـ s.th.); to distill (هـ s.th.); to line up camels (هـ ) in single file and connect them with halters, form a train of camels; to couple (هـ vehicles); to tow, tug (هـ a ship) V to fall or sow in drops, drip, dribble, trickle; to soak, percolate (الى into), trickle (الى in) VI to come in successive groups, to crowd, throng, flock (الى or على to s.o., to a place) X to drip, drop, dribble (هـ s.th.); to distill, extract by distillation (هـ s.th.)

قطر qaṭr dripping, dribbling, dribble, trickling, trickle; (call.; n. un. ة ) pl. قطار qiṭār drops, driblets; rain; -- sirup

قطر qaṭr pl. قطورات quṭūrāt (eg.) (railroad) train

قطرجي (eg.) qaṭargī pl. -īya shunter, switchman (railroad)

قطر quṭr pl. اقطار aqṭār region, quarter; district, section; tract of land; zone; country, land; diameter (of a circle); diagonal; caliber, bore (of a tube) | القطر المصري (miṣrī) Egypt; نصف قطر الدائرة niṣf q. ad-d. radius (of the circle); اربعة اقطار الدنيا arba‘at a. ad-dunyā the four quarters of the world; الروعة التي تأخذني من جميع اقطاري (rau‘a) the rapture which holds me completely enthralled, which pervades my heart through and through

قطري quṭrī regional; diametral, diametrical

قطر qaṭar2 Qatar (sheikdom in eastern Arabia)

قطر quṭr, quṭur agalloch, aloeswood

قطرة qaṭra (n. un. of قطر qaṭr) pl. qaṭarāt drop (also as a medicine)

قطيرة quṭaira pl. -āt droplet, driblet

قطار qiṭār pl. -āt, قطر quṭur, قطرات quṭurāt train of camels; (railroad) train; railroad; single file (of soldiers; Eg., mil.) | قطار البضاعة freight train, goods train; قطار حديدي (ḥadīdī) railroad train; (خصوصي or خصوص) قطار خاص (kāṣṣ, kuṣūṣī) special train; قطار الركاب q. ar-rukkāb passenger train; قطار سباق (sabbāq) fast train, express train; قطار سريع express train; قطار وقاف (waqqāf) local train

قطارة qaṭṭāra dropping tube, pipette, dropper

قطران qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar

مقطر miqṭar pl. مقاطر maqāṭir2 censer

مقطرة miqṭara pl. مقاطر maqāṭir2 censer; stocks (device for punishment)

تقطير taqṭīr filtering, filtration; refining; distilling, distillation

استقطار istiqṭār distilling, distillation

قاطرة qāṭira pl. -āt locomotive; rail car, diesel

مقطورات maqṭūrāt trailers, truck trailers

مقطرات muqaṭṭarāt spirituous liquors, spirits

قطرميز qaṭramīz (large) glass bottle or jar

قطرن qaṭrana to tar, smear or coat with tar (هـ s.th.)

قطران qaṭrān (qiṭrān, qaṭirān) tar

قطع qaṭa‘a a (qaṭ‘) to cut (هـ s.th.); to cut off (هـ s.th.); to chop off, lop off (هـ s.th.); to amputate (هـ s.th.); to cut through, cut in two, divide (هـ s.th.); to tear apart, disrupt, sunder, disjoin, separate (هـ s.th.); to fell (هـ a tree); to break off, sever (هـ s.th., e.g., relations); to break off one’s friendship, break (ه with s.o.); to cut, snub (ه s.o.); to interrupt (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cut short, interrupt, silence (ه s.o.); to turn off, switch off, disconnect (هـ electric current); to prevent, hinder (عن ه s.o. from); to forbid (ه to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (عن ه s.o. from doing s.th.); to deprive (عن ه s.o. of); (Chr.) to excommunicate (ه s.o.); to have a profound effect, have a considerable impact, be impressive (spiritually); to make a profound impression (في on), impress greatly, affect deeply (في s.o.); to ford (هـ a river), cross (هـ a river, an ocean), traverse (هـ a country), pass through or across s.th. (هـ ); to cover (هـ a distance); to survive (هـ s.th., e.g., a danger), surmount, overcome (هـ s.th., e.g., a difficulty), get over s.th. (هـ ); to spend, pass, while away (في هـ time with); to use up, consume (هـ food); to decide (هـ or ب s.th.); to say with certainty, assert, declare positively (ب s.th.), affirm confidently, aver (بأن that); to prove (بأن that); pass. quṭi’a to break, break apart, be or get broken, be or become interrupted; to snap (rope, string of a musical instrument) | قطع الأمل (الرجاء ) (amal, rajā’) to give up hope, to despair; قطع الثمن (taman) to fix the price, agree on the price; قطع تذكرة (بطاقة ) (tadkiratan) to buy a ticket; قطع عليه حديثه (ḥadītahū) to interrupt s.o., cut s.o. short, cut in on s.o.’s talk; قطع دورا (dauran) to pass through a phase or period, go through a stage; قطع برأي (bi-ra’yin) to express a firm opinion; to decide in favor of an opinion; قطع برأيه (bi-ra’yihī) to be guided in one’s decisions by s.o., proceed in accordance with s.o.’s opinion or decision; قطع الرحم (raḥim) to sever the bonds of kinship, break with one’s relatives; to violate the rules of consanguinity; قطع اشواطا (ašwāṭan) to make progress; قطع شوطا كبيرا (بعيدا) في التقدم (الرقي ) (šauṭan, taqaddum, ruqīy) and قطع في ميدان الرقي اشواطا (maidāni r-r.) to make great progress, make great headway; قطع عليه الطريق to cut off s.o.’s way, intercept s.o.; to engage in highway robbery; to waylay s.o.) commit highway robbery on s.o.; لا يقطع عقله (‘aqlahū) it won’t get into his head, he can’t understand or believe it; قطع عهدا (‘ahdan) to make a contract; to make a promise, vow, or pledge (ل to s.o.); قطع على نفسه عهدا ب (‘ahdan) and قطع الوعد على نفسه ب (wa‘da) to vow s.th., pledge o.s. or bind o.s. to do s.th.; قطع الكمبيالة to discount the bill of exchange; قطع لسنه (lisānahū) to silence s.o., seal s.o.’s lips, gag s.o.; قطع الوقت (waqt) to while away the time, kill time II to cut into pieces, cut up, dismember (هـ s.th.); to carve (هـ meat); to tear apart, rend, rip apart, gash. slash, lacerate (هـ s.th.); to cut seriously, gash deeply (هـ one’s hand); to interrupt; to scan (هـ a verse) | يقطع البصر (qalba) heart-rending III to dissociate, separate o.s. (ه from), part company, break off one’s friendship, break (ه with s.o.); to cut, snub (ه s.o.); to be on bad terms (ه with s.o.); to boycott (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to interrupt (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cut s.o. (ه ) short, out in on s.o.’s (ه ) talk, also قاطع الحديث IV to make or let s.o. (ه ) cut or cut off (هـ s.th.); to make or let s.o. (ه ) cross or ford (هـ a river); to bestow as a fief (هـ ه on s.o. s.th.); to grant, assign, allot (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to separate o.s., disassociate o.s. (ه from s.o.), part company (ه with s.o.); to break off one’s friendship (عن with s.o.); to break (عن with s.o.) V to be cut off, be severed, be disrupted, be interrupted, be disconnected; to snap; to be cut up, be chopped up, be hacked to pieces. be dismembered; to be intermittent. flow discontinuously (electric current); to be disjointed, be jerky (words, style); to knock o.s. out (e.g., with eagerness) | تقطعت به الحبال (ḥibālu) to be at the end of one’s resources, be utterly helpless; تقطع به الأسباب (asbābu) to be at one’s wit’s end, be at the end of one’s tether; هدف تتقطع دونه الأعناق (hadafun, dūnahū) lit.: a goal on the way to which throats are slit, i.e., one which remains unattainable VI to separate, part company, go apart; to get separated from each other; to break off mutual relations, snub each other; to intersect (lines, roads, etc.; L s.th.), cut across, cross (of a line or road, مع another) VII to be cut off, be or get separated (عن or من from); to be chopped off, be lopped off, be cut through, be sundered, be severed, be tom apart, be disrupted, be broken, be broken off; to be interrupted, be disconnected, be cut off, be shut off (also, e.g., electric current), be blocked, be stopped; to break. break apart, tear, snap (intr., e.g., a rope, a string); to cease, end, come to an end, run out, expire; to stop, come to a halt, come to a standstill, be suspended, be discontinued; to stop. cease (عن s.th.; doing s.th.); to leave off (عن s.th.), desist, abstain. refrain (عن from); to suspend, discontinue, stay (عن s.th.); to withdraw, stay away, hold aloof (عن from); to devote o.s., dedicate o.s., give one’s attention. apply o.s. (ل or الى to); to concentrate (ل or الى on); to occupy o.s. exclusively (ل or الى with), give all one’s time (ل or الى to) VIII to take a part, a little (من of s.th.); to take, borrow, cull, glean (من هـ s.th. from, e.g., a story from a book); to tear out, take out, remove (هـ e.g., a page, من from a book or notebook); to tear off, rip off, detach (هـ e.g., a coupon); to appropriate, acquire (هـ s.th.); to possess o.s., take possession (هـ of), seize (هـ on) X to request as a fief (هـ ه of S.o. s.th.); (eg.) to deduct (هـ an amount)

قطع qal’ cutting off; chopping off, detruncation; amputation; cutting, scission, section; disruption, sunderance, disjunction, disconnection, separation; felling (of a tree); severance, rupture, breakoff (e.g., of relations); stoppage, blockage, embargo, ban, blackout, suspension; interruption, discontinuation; disconnection, turning off, switching off (of electric current); prevention, hindrance (عن from); deprivation; excommunication (Chr.); fording (of a river); crossing (of an ocean); traversion (of a country); covering (of a distance); spending, passing (of a span of time); consumption; deduction, rebate, discount; (pl. اقطاع aqṭā‘) format, size (of a book); (pl. قطوع aqṭā‘) section (geom.); قطعا qaṭ‘an decidedly, definitely, positively, for certain; with neg.: absolutely not, not at all, by no means, not in the least | قطع الحسابات settlement of accounts; قطع الطريق highway robbery, brigandage; قطع الطريق على forcible prevention of s.th., radical stop to s.th.; قطع الماهية q. al-māhīya salary cut, wage deduction; سعر (معدل) القطع si‘r (or mu‘addal) al-q. discount rate, bank rate; قط الربع q. ar-rub‘ (ar-rubu‘) quarto format; قطع كتب الجيب q. kutub al-jaib pocket size (book); قطع مخروط q. makrūtin, قطع مخروطي (makrūṭī) conic section (geom.); قطع زائد hyperbola (geom.); قطع مكافئ (mukāfi’) parabola (geom.); قطع ناقص ellipse (geom.); قطعا للوقت gaṭ‘an li-l-waqt as a pastime, just to kill time; بقطع النظر عن (bi-q. in-naẓari) irrespective of, regardless of, without regard to; aside from, apart from; همزة القطع disjunctive hamza (gram.)

قطعي qaṭ‘ī decided, definite, positive; final, definitive; قطعيا qaṭ‘īyan decidedly, definitely, emphatically, categorically

قطعية qaṭ‘īya certainty, definiteness, positiveness

قطعة qiṭ‘a pl. قطع qiṭa‘ piece, fragment, lump, chunk; part, portion; section, division; segment (geom.); coin; naval unit; unit (mil.) | قطعة الدائرة or القطعة القطع الدائرية segment of a circle (geom.); O قطعة التركيب part (of a machine, of an apparatus); O قطع الازدواج coupling element (el.); قطعة مسرحية (masraḥīya) (stage) play; قطعة غنائية (ginā’īya) vocal piece, vocal composition; قطعة التغيير or قطعة غيار spare part; قطعة فنية (fannīya) work of art; القطعة الكروية (kurawīya) spherical segment (geom.); قطعة تمثيلية (tamtīlīya) (stage) play; قطعة موسيقية piece of music, musical composition; قطعة مالية (malīya) coin; العمل بالقطع (‘amal) piecework, job work, taskwork

قطعة quṭ‘a pl. quṭu‘āt, قطع quṭa‘ a piece cut off, a cut; stump; plot of land, patch of land, lot

قطعة qaṭa‘a pl. -āt, قطع qaṭa‘ stump

قطاع qiṭā‘, quṭā‘ pl. -āt section; sector (geom.) | قطاع عرضي (‘arḍī) cross section; قطاعات من الأنسجة (ansija) tissue sections (biol.); القطاع الدائري (dā’irī) sector of a circle (geom.); القطاع الكروي (kurawī) spherical sector (geom.)

قطاع qaṭṭā‘ (stone-, wood-) cutter

بالقطاعي bi-l-qaṭtā‘ī by retail, retail (adj.)

قطيع qaṭī‘ pl. قطاع qiṭā‘, قطعان quṭ‘ān, اقطاع aqṭā‘ troop or group (of animals), drove, flock, herd

قطيعة qaṭī‘a rupture of relations, break, breach, rift, alienation, estrangement, separation; enmity among relatives (short for قطيعة الرحم q. ar-raḥim); (pl. قطائع qaṭā’i‘2) fief, fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal tenure

اقطع aqṭa‘2 more convincing, more conclusive (evidence); (f. قطعاء qaṭ‘ā’2) amputee; one-armed; dumb, mute

مقطع maqṭa’ pl. مقاطع maqāṭi‘2 crossing point, crossing, traverse, passage; ford; (point of) intersection; cross section; section, division; syllable; musical phrase; quarry; group of animals,

drove | مقطع الرأي m. ar-ra’y decision, judgment

مقطع miqṭa‘ pl. مقاطع maqāṭi‘2 cutting instrument | مقطع السيجار cigar cutter; مقطع الورق m. al-waraq paper knife; paper cutter

تقطيع taqṭī‘ fragmentation, dismemberment, cutting up, division, partitioning; interruption, disruption, discontinuation; gripes, colic; (pl. تقاطيع taqāṭī‘) stature, figure; shape, form; pl. parts, portions,

sections, members | تقاطيع الوجه t. al-wajh features, lineaments of the face

مقاطعة muqāṭa‘a separation; break (with s.o.); indifference, unfeelingness, unlovingness; boycott; interruption; (pl. -āt) area, region, section, district, province

اقطاع iqṭā‘ and اقطاعة iqṭā‘a pl. -āt fief, fee, feudal estate, land granted by feudal tenure | ذو الإقطاع liege lord, feudal lord

اقطاعي iqṭā‘ī liege, feudatory, feudal; (pl. -ūn) liege lord, feudal lord

اقطاعية iqṭā‘īya feudalism; الإقطاعية the feudal system

تقطع taqaṭṭu‘ pl. -āt interruptedness, interruption

تقاطع taqāṭu’ severance of mutual relations; crossing; intersection, junction

انقطاع inqiṭā’ separation, disjunction, severance; break, breach, rift, rupture, break-off; interruption, disruption, discontinuance; cessation, stop, termination, expiration, extinction; stoppage, shutdown, blockage, suspension; end, close, conclusion; absence, withdrawal, aloofness (عن from) | انقطاع التيار inq. at-tayyār power shutdown (el.); بدون انقطاع or من غير انقطاع incessantly, constantly, continually, without interruption

انقطاعية inqiṭā’īya separatism

استقطاع istiqṭā’ pl. -āt cut, deduction (e.g., from salary)

قاطع qāṭi’ cutting; sharp; convincing, cogent, irrefutable, conclusive, decisive (e.g., evidence); decided, definite, positive, unmistakable, unequivocal; final, definitive; sour (milk); secant (geom.); (pl. قواطع qawāṭi’2) partition, screen | قاطع الطريق pl. قطاع الطرق quṭṭā’ aṭ-ṭuruq (or قطع الطرق quṭṯa’ aṭ-ṭ.) highway robber, holdup man, waylayer, brigand; بصفة قاطعة (bi-ṣifatin) unmistakably; سن قاطعة (sinn) incisor; طير قواطع ṭairun qawāṭi’u migratory birds; قاطع التذاكر ticket seller, conductor (streetcar, bus, etc.)

O قاطعة qāṭi’a interrupter, circuit breaker (el.)

مقطوع maqṭū’ cut off, severed, chopped off, etc.; مقطوع به decided, finished, settled, done with (matter, affair); (pl. مقاطيع maqāṭī’2) short poem | مقطوع النظير matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled

مقطوعة maqṭū’a pl. -āt, مقاطيع maqāṭī’2 piece (of music) | مقطوعة موسيقية piece of music, musical composition

مقطوعية maqṭū’īya share, portion, allotment: consumption | بالمقطوعية (eg.) in the lump, for a lump sum

مقطع muqaṭṭa’ torn, shredded

مقطع muqṭi’ liege lord; -- muqṭa’ liege man, feudatory. feudal tenant, vassal

متقطع mutaqaṭṯi’ cut off, torn, ruptured, disrupted, interrupted; discontinuous, flowing intermittently (electric current); in stages (movement); staccato (voice); incoherent, disjointed (words) | تيار متقطع (tayyār) alternating current

منقطع munqaṭi’ cut off; severed, disjoined, separate(d), detached; chopped off, detruncated; cut, cut in two, sundered, torn. ruptured, disrupted; broken; broken off; interrupted, discontinued, stopped, blocked; disconnected, turned off, switched off (electric current); halting, discontinuous, intermittent, fitful; outlying, remote, out-of-the-way (region); devoted, dedicated (ل or الى to), set aside exclusively, solely destined (ل or الى for) | منقطع النظير and منقطع القرين unmatched, matchless, peerless, unrivaled, unequaled, incomparable, singular, unique; غير منقطع incessant, unceasing, continual, uninterrupted

مستقطع mustaqṭa’ cut, deduction (from salary)

قطف qaṭafa i (qaṯf, قطوف quṭūf) to pick (هـ flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest (هـ fruit); to pluck off, pull off, tear off (هـ s.th., e.g., leaves); (eg.) to skim (هـ a liquid from the surface): -- (qaṭf) to scratch, scratch up (ه s.o.) II = I VIII to pick (هـ flowers, fruit); to gather, harvest (هـ fruit); to pluck off (هـ s.th.); to select, choose, pick out (هـ من s.th. from among)

قطف qaṭf (act or instance of) picking, etc.; (pl. قطوف quṭūf) scratch

قطف qiṯāf picked fruit

قطاف qiṭāf picking, gathering, harvest (of fruit); picking season, vintage, harvest time

داني القطوف dānī l-quṭūf within reach, at hand; easy to apply, easy to use, handy

قطوف qaṭūf pl. قطف quṭuf short-stepped, slow

قطيفة qaṭīfa velvet; plush

قطائف qaṭā’if2, قطايف qaṭāyif2 (pl.) small, triangular doughnuts fried in melted butter and served with honey

مقطف miqṭaf pl. مقاطف maqāṭif 2 implement for picking fruit, fruit picker; vine knife

مقطف magṭaf pl. مقاطف maqāṭif 2 basket

اقتطاف iqtiṭāf picking, gathering, etc.; selection, choice, pick

مقتطف muqtaṭaf pl. -āt selected or select piece; selection

قطقوطة qaṭqūṭa young girl

قطل qaṭala u i (qaṭf) to cut off (هـ s.th.) II = I

قطيلة qaṭīla towel; floor rag

قطم qaṭama i (qaṭm) to cut off (هـ s.th.): to break off (هـ s.th.)

قطمة qaṭma piece; bite, morsel

المقطم al-muqaṭṭam a range of hills east of Cairo

قطمير qiṭmīr pellicle enveloping a date pit | لا يملك قطميرا (yamliku) he doesn’t own a thing, he hasn’t a red cent to his name

1 قطن qaṭana u (قطون quṭūn) to live, dwell, reside (في or ب or هـ in a place); to inhabit (في or ب or هـ a place) II to make live, settle (ب هـ s.o. in)

قطن qaṭan small of the back

قطن quṭn, quṭun pl. اقطان aqṭān cotton | قطن خام raw cotton, cotton, wool, unginned cotton; قطن سكارتو (It. scarto) (eg.) cotton waste; قطن طبي (ṭibbī) absorbent cotton; قطن ملتهب (multahib) guncotton; O حطب القطن ḥaṭab al-q. excelsior; محلج القطن miḥlaj al.q. cotton gin

قطني quṭnī cotton (adj.)

قطنية quṭnīya, qiṭnīya pl. قطاني qaṭānīy pulse, legumes (peas, beans, lentils)

قطانية quṭānīya, qiṭānīya Indian corn, maize (tun.)

قطان qaṭtān cotton manufacturer, cotton merchant

يقطين yaqṭīn (coll.; n. un. ة ) a variety of squash

مقطنة maqṭana cotton plantation

قاطن qāṭin pl. قطان quṭṭān resident, domiciled; inhabitant, dweller

2 قيطن qīṭān pl. قياطين qayāṭīn2 cord, braid, lace

قطا qaṭan (coll.; n. un. قطاة qaṭāh) sand grouse (Pterocles)

قعد qa‘ada u (قعد qu‘ūd) to sit down, take a seat; to sit, be sitting; to remain seated; to remain, stay, abide; to lie in wait (ل for s.o.), waylay (ل s.o.); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from), renounce waive (عن s.th.) | قعد به to make s.o. sit down, make s.o. sit, seat s.o., induce s.o. to stay; to hamper, handicap, hamstring, disable, paralyze s.o.; قعدت به ركبتاه (rukbatāhu) his knees buckled under him; قعد به عن to hold back, restrain, discourage, or prevent s.o. from; قعد عن الذهاب (dahāb) he decided not to go; قام وقعد to be in a state of great anxiety, be seriously upset, be very agitated; to be very alarmed (ل by) IV to make (ه s.o.) sit down; to make (ه s.o.) sit; to cause or induce (ه s.o.) to stay; to seat (ه s.o.); to hold back, restrain, discourage, prevent (عن ه s.o. from); to decrease, diminish, reduce (من s.th.); pass uq‘ida to be lame, be crippled | اقامه واقعده (aqāmahū) to

upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion; اقعد من همته (himmatihī) to dampen s.o.’s zeal V not to desire (عن s.th.). not to be out for s.th. (عن ); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from) VI = V; to remain aloof, refrain, forbear, withdraw (عن from); to be pensioned off, retire VIII to take or use as a seat (هـ s.th.); to sit down (هـ on s.th.); to be, remain (هـ in a state or condition)

قعد qa‘ad slackers, shirkers of military service in times of war; also, designation of the Khawarij

قعدة qa‘da sitting; backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors; space occupied while sitting, seating space | ذو القعد name of the eleventh month of the Muslim year

قعدة qi‘da manner of sitting, seat, pose, posture; space occupied while sitting, seating space

قعدة qu‘ada constantly or frequently sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not budging, seated firmly; lazy, inert, indolent

قعدي qu‘dī constantly or frequently sitting, sedentary; glued to the seat, not budging, firmly seated; lazy, inert, indolent

قعود qa‘ūd pl. اقعدة al-Qur'an‘ida قعد qu‘ud, قعدان qi‘dān, قعائد qa‘ā’id2 young camel

قعود qu‘ūd sitting; desistance, abstention, refraining (عن from); renunciation, abandonment, waiver (عن of)

قعيد qa‘īd companion; one with whom one sits together; keeper, guardian, supervisor, superintendent; crippled, disabled, infirm | قعيد المنزل q. al-manzil confined to one’s house or to one’s quarters

قعيدة qa‘īda pl. قعائد qa‘ā’id2 woman companion; wife, spouse

مقعد maq‘ad pl. مقعد maq‘ad2 s.th. to sit on, space to sit in; seat (in general, in a theater, in parliament, etc.); chair; bench; sofa, settee; box, driver’s seat (of a carriage or coach) | مقعد طويل chaise longue; مقعد مريح (murīḥ) easy chair, armchair

مقعدة maq‘ada pl. مقاعد maqā‘d2 backside, seat, buttocks, posteriors

تقاعد taqā‘ud restraint, reticence, aloofness, reserve; retirement | معاش التقاعد ma‘āš at-t. retiring allowance, superannuation. pension; احيل الى التقاعد (uḥīla) to be pensioned off, be superannuated, be retired

قاعد qā‘id pl. قعود qu‘ūd, قعاد qu‘ād, sitting, seated; inactive, idle, lazy, also قاعد العمل (‘amal); قاعدون qā‘idūn slacken, shirkers of military service in times of war; -- قاعد qā‘id pl. قواعد qawā‘id2 woman who, because of her age, has ceased to bear children

قاعدة qā‘ida pl. قواعد qawā‘id2 foundation, groundwork; basis; fundament; base (geom.; mil.); support, base, socle, foot, pedestal; O chassis, undercarriage; precept, rule, principle, maxim; formula; method, manner, mode; model, pattern | قاعدة الأسطول q. al-usṭūl or قاعدة بحرية (baḥrīya) naval base; قاعدة البلاد capital of the country; قاعدة جوية (jawwīya) airbase; قاعدة حربية (ḥarbīya) base of operation; قاعدة الملك q. al-mulk seat of government; مساحة القاعدة misāḥat al-q. base, basal surface

مقعد muq‘ad brought to a standstill, stopped, arrested; lame, crippled, disabled, infirm; an invalid

متقاعد mutaqā‘id retired; pensioner

قعر qa‘ara u (قعارة qa‘āra) to be deep, hollowed out II to make deep or deeper, deepen (هـ s.th.); to hollow out, make hollow, excavate (هـ s.th.); to cry, shout, scream | قعر في كلامه (kalāmihī) to speak gutturally IV to make deep or deeper, deepen (هـ a well) V to be depressed, sunk, low, deep, hollowed out, dished, concave; to descend to the bottom

قعر qa‘r pl. قعور qu‘ūr bottom; depth; keel (of a ship); pit, hole, hollow, cavity, depression | من القعر صاعدا (ṣā‘idan) from the ground up

قعرة qa‘ra pit, hole, hollow, cavity, depression

قعور qa‘ūr deep

قعير qa‘īr deep

مقعر muqa‘‘ar depressed, sunk, low, deep; hollow, dished, concave; curved; obscure (language)

قعس qa‘isa a (qa‘s) to have a protruding chest and hollow back, be pigeon-breasted VI to remain aloof, keep away, stay away, desist, refrain (عن from); to hesitate, waver, be reluctant (عن to do s.th.); to fail, neglect (عن to do s.th.); to be uninterested (عن in) XIV اقعنسس iq‘ansasa = I

اقعس aq‘asa having a protruding chest and hollow back, pigeon-breasted | عز اقعس (‘izz) firmly established power

تقاعس taqā‘us negligence

متقاعس mutaqā‘is hesitant, wavering, reluctant; negligent, careless, sloppy, listless, idle

قعقع qa‘qa‘a (قعقعة qa‘qa‘a) to clatter; to rattle; to clank

قعقع qa‘qa‘, qu‘qu‘ magpie

قعقعة qa‘qa‘a clatter; rattle; clank, clang; noise, din; pl. قعاقع qa‘āaqi‘ high-sounding words

قف qaffa u (قفوف qufūf) to be dry, withered, shriveled; to dry up, wither, shrivel; to contract, shrink; to bristle, stand on and (hair)

قفة quffa pl. قفف qufaf large basket; (Mesopotamian) round boat, gufa (ir.)

قفر quffa, qaffa feverish shiver, ague fit

قفر qafara u (qafr): قفر اثره (atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o. IV to be or become empty, bleak, desolate, deserted, depopulated, unihabited, devastated, waste; to be destitute, be devoid (من of) to ravage, lay waste, devastate, desolate, depopulate (هـ s.th.); to abandon, leave in a state of desolation (هـ houses, a city); to gnaw off, pick (هـ a bone) VIII to follow s.o.’s (ه ) tracks, track (ه s.o.)

قفر qalr pl. قفار qifār desert, wasteland, desolate region; empty, bleak, forsaken, forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited, depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste; destitute, devoid (من of) | ارض قفر (قفار ) (arḍ) wasteland; خبز قفر (kubz) plain bread, dry bread

قفرة qafra pl. qafarāt desert, wasteland, desolate region

خبز قفار kubzun qafārun plain bread, dry bread

قفير qafīr pl. قفران qufrān beehive

بادية قفراء bādiya qafrā’2 arid desert

اقفار iqfār emptiness bleakness, desolateness, desolation; ravage, devastation, depopulation

مقفر muqfir empty, bleak, forsaken, forlorn, deserted, lifeless, uninhabited, depopulated, devastated, desolate, waste; destitute, devoid (من of)

قفز qafaza i (qafz, قفزان qafazān) to jump, leap, spring, hurdle, bound; to jump up, leap in the air; to jump off, take off V to put on or wear gloves

قفز qafz jumping (also athlet.) | القفز على الحبل (ḥabl) skipping the rope; القفز بالزانة pole vaulting; قفز طويل broad jump; قفز عال (‘ālin) high jump

قفزة qafza pl. qafazāt jump, leap, spring, bound

قفاز quffāz pl. -āt, قفافيز qafāfīz2 glove; a pair of gloves

قفيز qafīz pl. اقفزة aqfiza cafiz, a dry measure, ca. 496-640 l, = 16 whibas (Tun.)

مقفز maqfiz springboard

قفش qafaša i u (qafš) to gather, collect (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to catch, seize, grasp, grab; to find out, discover (هـ s.th.)

قفش qafš prattle, chatter

قفشات qafazāt (pl.) jokes

قفص qafaṣ pl. اقفاص aqfāṣ cage; birdcage; pen, coop, wired enclosure; basket (made of palm fronds); thorax, chest; (prisoner’s) dock (= قفص الاتهام q. al-ittihām)

تقفيصة taqfīṣa poultry coop

قفطان qufṭān pl. قفاطين qafāṭīn caftam, a long-sleeved outer garment, open in front and fastened by a ḥizām

القفقاس al-qafqās the Caucasus

قفع qafa‘a a (qafa‘) to contract; to shrink; to shrivel, become wrinkled II to shrivel (هـ the fingers; of the cold) V = I

قفع qaf‘ testudo

قفقف qafqafa (قفقفة qafqafa) and II taqafqafa to shiver with cold

قفل qafala u i (قفول qufūl) to come home, come back, return; -- i (qafl) to shut, close (هـ s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (هـ s.th.); to accumulate, amass, hoard (هـ s.th.) II and IV to padlock (هـ s.th.); to shut, close (هـ s.th.); to switch off, shut off, turn off (هـ s.th.); to cut off, stop (هـ the supply of), block, bar, close (هـ s.th.); to latch, lock, shut up, bolt (هـ s.th.)

قفل qufl pl. اقفال aqfāl, قفول qufūl padlock; lock, latch; bolt; O lock (of a canal)

قفال qaffāl locksmith

اقفال iqfāl shutting, closing, closure; shutting up; locking, bolting; stoppage, blocking, blockage, barring, obstruction

قافل qāfil pl. قافلة qāfila, قفال quffāl home-coming, returning; homecomer, repatriate

قافلة qāfila pl. قوافل qawāfil2 caravan; column; convoy | قافلة (تجارية) بحرية (tijārīya, baḥrīya) or قافلة السفن q. as-sufun naval convoy

قفا (قفو ) qafā u (qafw) to follow (اثره atarahū s.o.’s tracks) II to send (ب or ه ه s.o. after s.o. else); to rhyme, put into rhyme VIII اقتفى اثره (atarahū) to follow s.o.’s tracks, track s.o.; to follow up, pursue s.o. (mil.); to follow in s.o.’s tracks, follow s.o.’s example, imitate s.o.

قفا qafan m. and f., pl. اقفية aqfiya, اقف aqfin, اقفاء aqfā’, قفي qufīy, qifīy nape; occiput, back of the head; back; reverse; wrong side (of a fabric)

قفاء qafā’ nape; occiput, back of the head

اقتفاء iqtifā’ following (of s.o.’s tracks), tracking; imitation

قافية qāfiya pl. قواف qawāfin rhyme; (eg.) play on words, pun, double, entendre; nape

قيقب look up alphabetically

قاقلة , قاقلي and قاقم look up alphabetically

قل qalla i (qill, qull, قلة qilla) to be or become little, small, few (in number or quantity), trifling, insignificant, inconsiderable, scant, scanty, sparse, spare, meager; to be rare, scarce; to be of rare occurrence, happen seldom; to decrease, diminish, wane, grow less; to be or become less, littler, smaller, fewer (in number or quantity), more trifling, less significant, less considerable, scanter, scantier, sparser (عن than); to be second, be inferior (عن to s.o.) -- (qall) to pick up, raise, lift (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from the ground); to carry (هـ s.th.) | الا ما قل وندر (illā, wa-nadara) but for a few exceptions, with a few exceptions only; قل صبره (ṣabruhū) to be impatient lose one’s patience II to make little or leas, diminish, lessen, decrease, reduce, do seldom or less frequently (. or .,.. s.th.) IV = II; to do or give little (من in or of); to pick up, raise, lift (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from the ground); to be able to carry (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, convey (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) VI to think little (هـ of), scorn, disdain, despise (هـ s.th.) X to find (هـ s.th.) little, small, inconsiderable, insignificant, trifling; to esteem lightly, undervalue, despise (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make light (هـ, ه of), set little store (هـ, ه by), care little (هـ, ه for); to pick up, raise, lift (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to carry, transport, convey (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to board (هـ s.th., e.g., a ship, a carriage, or the like); to rise; to be independent; to possess alone (ب s.th.) | استقل بحمل (bi-ḥimlin) to assume a burden; استقل بصنعه (bi-ṣan‘ihī) he alone made it, he was the only one who made it; استقل بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) to be entirely self-reliant, be left to one’s own devices; to be independent, manage without others, get along by oneself; (بواجب) استقل بمهمة (bi-muhimmatin, bi-wājibin) to assume a task (or duty)

قلما qallamā (conj.) seldom, rarely; scarcely, barely, hardly

قل qill, qull littleness, smallness, fewness; insignificance, inconsiderableness, triviality, paucity, paltriness, scarceness, sparseness, scantiness, insufficiency; a little, a small number, a small quantity, a modicum; -- qill tremor

قلة qalla recovery, recuperation; restoration of prosperity

قلة qulla highest point; top, summit; apex; vertex; (cannon) ball; (pl. قلل qulal) jug, pitcher

قلة qilla pl. قلل qilal littleness, fewness; smallness, inconsiderableness, insignificance, triviality; paucity, paltriness, scantiness, sparseness; scarceness, rareness, rarity; minority; lack, want, deficiency, insufficiency, scarcity | قلة الإحساس q. al-iḥsās insensitivity, obtuseness; قلة الحياء q. al-ḥayā’ shamelessness, impudence, insolence, impertinence; قلة الصبر q. aṣ-ṣabr impatience; قلة الوجود scantiness, scarcity; rareness, rarity; جمع القلة jam‘ al-q. (gram.) plural of paucity (for persons or things whose number is between three and ten)

بقليته bi-qillīyatihī completely, wholly, entirely | رحلوا بقليتهم (raḥalū) they setout all together or with bag and baggage

قليل qalīl pl. اقلاء aqillā’, قلائل qalā’il2, قلال qilāl little; few; insignificant, inconsiderable, trifling; small (in number or quantity), scant, scanty, spare, sparse, meager, insufficient; scarce, rare; a small number, a small quantity, a modicum, a little (من of); قليلا qalīlan a little, somewhat; seldom, rarely | قليلا ما seldom, rarely; قليلا قليلا by and by, slowly, gradually; الكل الا قليلا al-kull illā q. almost everything, nearly all; بعد قليل a little later, some time later on, shortly afterward; shortly, before long; عن قليل or عما قليل (‘ammā) soon, before long, shortly; ليس منه لا بقليل ولا بكثير to have absolutely nothing to do with s.th.; قليل الأدب q. al-adab uncivil, impolite, rude, uncouth; قليل الحياء q. al-ḥayā’ shameless, brazen, impudent, insolent, impertinent; قليل الارتفاع low; قليل الصبر q. aṣ-ṣabr impatient; قليل الوجود scanty, scarce; rare

اقل aqalla less; fewer; smaller; rarer; الأقل the least, the minimum | على الأقل or بالأقل at the very least; at least; على اقل تقدير (at the lowest estimate) = على الأقل; لا اقل من ان (aqalla) the least one can do is to ...; I (you, etc.) could at least ...; اقل من القليل quite insignificant, all but negligible; واقل من هذا وذاك ان let alone that …, not to mention that …, to say nothing of ...

اقلية aqallīya smaller number, numerical inferiority; (pl. -āt) minority

تقليل taqlīl decrease, diminution, reduction

اقلال iqlāl decrease, diminution, reduction

استقلال istiqlāl independence

استقلالي istiqlālī of or pertaining to independence, independence (used attributively); proponent of independence

مقل muqill propertyless, unpropertied, without means, poor, destitute

مستقل mustaqill independent; autonomous; separate, distinct, particular

قلاووز , قلاووظ (Turk. kılavuz) qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot; screw

قلاية qallāyz pl. -āt, قلالي qalālīy (monastic) cell; residence of the Coptic Patriarch (Chr.)

قلب qalaba i (qalb) to turn around, turn about, turn up(ward), upturn (هـ s.th.); to turn, turn over (هـ s.th.); to turn face up or face down (هـ s.th.); to turn inside out or outside in (هـ s.th.); to turn upside down (هـ s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (هـ s.th.); to invert, reverse (هـ s.th.); to overturn, upset, topple (هـ s.th.); to capsize (هـ s.th.); to roll over (هـ s.th.); to subvert, overthrow (هـ a government); to change, alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute (هـ s.th., هـ هـ s.th. to or into s.th.); to transpose (هـ s.th.); to exchange

(هـ هـ s.th. for s.th.) | قلبه رأسا (ra’san) to turn s.th. upside down; قلب له ظهر المجن (ẓahra l-mijan) to show s.o. the back of the shield, i.e., to give s.o. the cold shoulder, become hostile to s.o. II to turn, turn around, turn about, turn up(ward), upturn, turn over (هـ s.th.); to turn face up or face down (هـ s.th.); to turn inside out or outside in (هـ s.th.); to turn upside down (هـ s.th.); to tip, tilt over, topple over (هـ s.th.); to invert, reverse (هـ s.th.); to overturn, upset, overthrow, topple (هـ s.th.); to capsize (هـ s.th.); to roll over (هـ s.th.); to turn, turn over (هـ pages); to rummage, ransack, rake (هـ s.th.); to roll (هـ s.th.); to stir (هـ s.th.); to examine, study, scrutinize, investigate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to change, alter, turn, transform, convert, transmute (هـ s.th., هـ هـ s.th. to or into s.th.) | قلبه بين يديه (yadaihi) to turn s.th. around in one’s hands, fidget with s.th.; قلبه بعقله (bi-’aqlihī) to turn s.th. over in one’s mind, reflect on s.th., ponder s.th., brood over s.th.; قلبه ظهرا لبطن (ẓahran li-baṭnin) to turn s.th. completely upside down, turn s.th. topsy-turvy, turn s.th. over and over; قلب كفيه (kaffaihi) to repent, be grieved; to be embarrassed; قلب فيه البصر (baṣara) or قلب فيه النظر (naẓara) to scrutinize, eye, regard s.th. V to be turned around, be turned over, be reversed, be inverted; to be overturned, get knocked over (e.g., a glass); to toss and turn, toss about; to writhe, twist, squirm, wriggle; to be changed, be altered, change; to fluctuate (prices); to be changeable, variable, inconstant, fickle (في in s.th.); to move (about), live, be at home (في in); to dispose (في of), have at one’s disposal (في s.th.) | تقلب في وظائف عديدة (waẓā’ifa ‘adīdatin) he held numerous offices; تقلب في النعمة (النعيم ) (ni‘ma), تقلب في اعطاف العيش الناعم (a. il-‘aiš) to lead a life of ease and comfort, live in prosperity; تقلب على رمضاء البؤس (ramḍā’ l-bu’s) to live in utmost misery VII to be turned, be turned around, be turned about, be turned up(ward), be upturned, be turned over; to be reversed, be inverted; to be turned inside out or outside in; to be turned upside down, be toppled, get knocked over; to be overturned, be upset, be overthrown; to be rolled, over; to overturn, somersault; to capsize; to be changed, be altered, be transformed, be converted, be transmuted; to change, turn (هـ or الى into s.th.), become (هـ or الى s.th.); to turn (على against; الى to); to return; (with foil. imperi.) to proceed suddenly to do s.th., shift, instantly to s.th., change over to s.th. | انقلب ظهرا لبطن (ẓahra li-baṭnin) to be turned topsy-turvy; to be completely devastated; انقلب الى الهجوم to take the offensive

قلب qalb reversal, inversion; overturn, upheaval; conversion, transformation, transmutation; transposition (of letters), metathesis (gram.); perversion, change, alteration; overthrow (of a government)

قلب qalb pl. قلوب qulūb heart; middle, center; core, gist, essence; marrow, medulla, pith; the best or choicest part; mind, soul, spirit | قلب الأسد q. al-asad Regulus (star α in the constellation Leo; astron.); قلب الهجوم center forward (soccer); سويداء القلوب suwaidā’ al-q. the innermost of the heart, the bottom of the heart; ضعيف القلب fainthearted, pusillanimous, recreant, cowardly; قاسي القلب qāsī l-q. hardhearted, callous, pitiless, merciless, cruel; قساوة القلب qasāwat al-q. hardheartedness, callousness, pitilessness, cruelty; انقباض القلب dejectedness, despondency, dispiritedness, depression; عن ظهر القلب (ẓahri l-q.) by heart; من صميم القلب from the bottom of the heart, most sincerely; من كل قلبه with all his heart; قلبا وقالبا qalban wa-qālaban with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly; قلوبات (السكر ) qulūbāt (as-sukkar) small candies, lozenges

قلبي qalbī of or pertaining to the heart, heart- (in compounds), cardiac, cardiacal; cordial, hearty, warm, sincere; قلبيا qalbīyan cordially, heartily, warmly, sincerely

قلب qulb, qalb, qilb palm pith, palm core (edible tuber growing at the upper end of the palm trunk); qulb bracelet, bangle

قلبة qalba (eg.) lapel; (pl. -āt) a measure of capacity (Tun.; = 20 l)

قلب qullab tending to change; agile, adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-sided, of varied skills or talents

قالب qālab, qālib pl. قوالب qawālib2 form; mold; cake pan; model; matrix; last, boot tree, shoe tree | قالب جبن q. jubn a chunk or loaf of cheese; قالب سكر q. sukar sugar loaf; قالب صابون q. ṣābūn a cake or bar of soap; قلبا وقالبا (qalban) with heart and soul; inwardly and outwardly

قليب qalīb m. and f., pl. اقلبة aqliba, قلب qulub, قلبان qulbān well

قلوب qalūb tending to change; agile, adaptable, resourceful; versatile, many-sided

قلاب qallāb changeable, variable, unsteady, inconstant, fickle, wavering, vacillating; reversible, tiltable; dumper; tip wagon, skip | عربة قلابة (‘araba) tipcart; قلاب خلاط (kallāṭ) rotary mixer

قلابة qallāba agitator, stirring machine

مقلب maqlab pl. مقالب maqālib2 (eg.) refuse dump, dump pile, dump; intrigue, scheme. plot; April fool’s joke

مقلب miqlab pl. مقالب maqālib2 hoe

تقليب taqlīb: عند تقليب النظر ‘inda t. in-naẓar on closer inspection or examination, when examined more closely

تقلب taqallub pl. -āt alteration, transformation, change; variation; fluctuation (of prices); changeableness, variableness, unsteadiness, inconstancy, fickleness; pl. vicissitudes, ups and downs | تقلب جوي (jawwī) change of weather; سريع التقلب very changeable, very fickle, capricious

انقلاب inqilāb upheaval; revolution, overthrow, bouleversement; alteration, transformation, change; solstice | دائرة الانقلاب tropic (geogr.)

مقلوب maqlūb turned over, turned upside down, turned about, inverted, inverse, reverse(d), etc.; infolded (bem, seam); reciprocal (math.) | بالمقلوب topsy-turvy; upside down; wrong side out; the other way round, reversely, conversely, vice versa

متقلب mutaqallib, also متقلب الأطوار (الأحوال ) wavering, vacillating, changeable, variable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle, capricious

منقلب munqalab (place of overthrow, i.e.) the hereafter, the end one meets in death, the way of all flesh, final destiny; tropic | منقلب (šatawī) Tropic of Capricorn; منقلب صيفي (ṣaifī) Tropic of Cancer

قلبق qalbaq a tall, usually cylindrical, fur cap

1 قلح qalaḥ yellowness of the teeth

قلاح qulāḥ yellowness of the teeth

2 قولحة qaulaḥa pl. قوالح qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of corn, and the like)

1 قلد II to adorn with a necklace (ها a woman); to gird (ه هـ s.o. with); to invest (ه هـ s.o. with an office), appoint (هـ ه s.o. to an office), award (هـ ه to s.o. a decoration, an order), confer (هـ ه upon s.o. a rank); to grant (هـ ه to s.o. a favor); to entrust (هـ ه s.o. with the rule or government of s.th.), give (ه s.o.) authority or power (هـ over s.th.); to follow blindly another’s (ه ) opinion; to copy, ape, imitate (ه s.o.); to forge, counterfeit (هـ s.th.) V to put on or wear a necklace, adorn o.s. with a necklace; to gird o.s. (هـ with), put on (هـ s.th.); to take upon o.s., assume (هـ s.th.); to take over (هـ s.th., esp. power, control, government)

قلادة qilāda pl. قلائد qalā’id2 necklace; pl. قلائد exquisite poems

مقلد miqlad pl. مقالد maqālid2 key

مقلاد miqlād pl. مقاليد maqālīd2 key | مقاليد الأمور key positions, power; مقاليد الحكم m. al-ḥukm the reins of government or power; تسلم مقاليد الحكم (tasallama) to take over (the reins of) government, seize power; القى اليه مقاليد الأمور (alqā) to entrust s.o. with the management, put s.o. in charge

تقليد taqlīd pl. تقاليد taqālīd2 imitation; copying; blind, unquestioning adoption (of concepts or ideas); uncritical faith

(e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness); adoption of the legal decision of a madhab (lsl. Law); pl. tradition; convention, custom, usage

تقليدي taqlīdī traditional, customary, conventional; based on uncritical faith (e.g., in a source’s authoritativeness)

مقلد muqalld imitated, imitation, forged, counterfeit(ed), fake, sham, spurious, false; tradition-bound

2 اقليد iqlīd pl. اقاليد aqālīd2 key

بحر القلزم baḥr al-qulzum the Red Sea

1 قلس qalasa i (qals) to belch, burp, eruct II to bow (ل to s.o.); (eg.) to make fun (على of), poke fun (على at), ridicule (على s.o., s.th.)

2 قلس II to put a cap (قنلسوة qalansuwa, q.v., ه on s.o.’s head)

3 قلس qals pl. قلوس qulūs hawser, cable, rope

1 قلش II to molt

تقليش taqlīš molting, molt

2 قالوش (Fr. galoche) galōš pl. -āt galosh, overshoe

قلشين qalšīn pl. قلاشين qalāšīn2 puttee

قلص qalaṣa i (قلص qulūṣ) to contract; to shrink (laundered garment); to decrease, diminish; to dwindle, fade, wane, decline; to become shorter, recede (shadow) | قلص ظله (ẓilluhū) his prestige declined; it decreased, dwindled, faded II to contract, draw together (هـ s.th.); to tuck up, roll up (هـ s.th.) V = I; تقلص ظله = قلص ظله

اقلص aqlaṣa2 shorter

تقلص taqallaṣa contraction, shrinking, shrinkage

قليط qillīṭ scrotal hernia

قليط qllīṭ afflicted with scrotal hernia

قلع qala‘a a (qal‘) to pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out, uproot (هـ s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate (هـ s.th.); to take off (هـ clothes) | قلعه مه جذوره to pull out s.th. with the root, II to pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out, uproot (. s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate ( هـ s.th.) IV to set sail, prepare to sail, get under sail; to sail, put to sea, depart (ship); to take off (airplane); to desist, abstain, refrain (عن from); leave off, abandon, give up, renounce, relinquish (عن s.th.) VIII to pluck out, tear out, pull out, weed out, uproot (عن s.th.); to root out, exterminate, extirpate (هـ s.th.)

قلع qil’ pl. قلوع qul’, قلاع qilā’ sail (of a ship)

قلعة qal’a pl. قلاع qilā’, قلوع qulū’ fortress, stronghold, fort; citadel

قلاع qulā’ thrush, canker of the mouth, ulcerative stomatitis, stomacace (med.)

قلاعي qulā’ī: الحمى القلاعية (ḥummā) footand-and-mouth disease

مقلع maqla’ pl. مقالع maqāli’2 stone quarry

مقلاع miqlā’2 pl. مقاليع maqālī’2 slingshot, sling; catapult

اقلاع iqlā’ sailing, departure (of a ship); take-off (of an airplane)

قلعط qal’aṭa to soil, sully, smirch (هـ s.th.)

قلعوط qul’ūṭ a heretic

1 قلف qalafa i (qalf) to hark (هـ a tree), strip the bark (هـ from a tree); -- u (qalf); قلف قلفته (qulfatahū) to circumcise s.o.

قلف qilf bark, rind (of a tree)

قلفة qulfa pl. قلف qulaf foreskin, prepuce

قلافة qulāfa bark, rind (of a tree)

قلف aqlaf2 uncircumcised

2 قلف II to calk (هـ a ship)

قلافة qilāfa calking

3 قلفة qalfa pl. -āt (tun.) foreman; workman, manual laborer

قلفط qalfaṭa to calk (هـ a ship); (eg.) to do sloppy work, scamp, bungle

قلفون qalafūn and قلفونية qalafūnīya rosin, colophony

قلق qaliqa a (qalaq) to totter, be unsteady; to be or become uneasy, disquieted, apprehensive, anxious, excited, agitated, upset, perturbed, troubled, disturbed; to be restless, be sleepless, pass, a sleepless night, find no sleep IV to trouble, worry, alarm, disturb, upset, disconcert, disquiet, discompose, discomfit, discomfort, make uneasy or anxious (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to make restless, fill with uneasiness or anxiety, perturb, agitate, excite (ه s.o.); to rob s.o. (ه ) of his rest

قلق qalaq unrest, uneasiness, disquiet, alarm; agitation, excitement, perturbation; stir, sensation; anxiety, apprehensiveness, apprehension, fear, worry, concern; restlessness; sleeplessness; impatience

قلق qaliq uneasy, disquieted; apprehensive, worried, concerned, anxious; agitated, excited, perturbed, upset; disturbed, troubled; restless; sleepless; impatient

قلوق qalūq (eg.) restless

اقلاق iqlāq disquieting, troubling, perturbation; disturbance

مقلق muqliq intrigant, schemer, troublemaker

قلقاس qulqās (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt a variety of taro or elephant’s ear (Colocasia antiquorum; bot.)

قلقل qalqala to move, commove, shake, convulse, unsettle (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to disturb, trouble, harass (هـ, ه s.o.; s.th.); to disquiet, alarm, excite, agitate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to stir up, incite to rebellion (ه s.o.); to pronounce accurately (the ق ) II taqalqala to be or get in state of commotion, be shaken, be convulsed, be unsettled, be disturbed, be troubled, be disquieted, be alarmed, be excited, be agitated; to be stirred up, be incited to rebellion, be incensed, be rebellious; to move, budge (من from one’s place), stir; to be shaky, precarious, insecure (situation)

قلقلة qalqala pl. قلاقل qalāqil2 unrest, excitement, agitation, commotion; shock, convulsion, concussion; disturbance

قلقيلة (eg.) qulqēla pl. -āt clod, lump of earth

مقلقل muqalqal in a state of commotion, agitated, shaken, unsettled, etc.; unstable, inconstant, unsteady

1 قلم qalama i (qalm) to cut, clip, pure (هـ nails, etc.), prune, trim, lop (هـ trees, etc.) II do. | قلم اظفار خصمه (aẓāfira kaṣmihī) to neutralize, disarm one’s opponent

قلم qalam pl. اقلام aqlām reed pen; pen; writing, script, calligraphic style, ductus; handwriting; style; office, bureau, agency, department; window, counter; item, entry (com.); (eg.) stripe, streak, line; (eg.) slapin the face | بقلمه bi-qalamihī written by him; قلم الحبر q. al-ḥibr fountain pen; قلم حبر جاف (jāff) and قلم حبر ناشف ball-point pen; قلم التحرير editor’s office, editing room; قلم الحركة q. al-ḥaraka traffic bureau; قلم الحسابات q. al-ḥisābāt accounting department; قلم الإدارة q. al-idāra administration office, head office; قلم الرصاص q. ar-raṣāṣ pencil; قلم السياحة travel agency; قلم الاستعمالات information bureau; قلم المطبوعات press and information office; قلم القيودات bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office; قلم الكتاب q. al-kuttāb clerical office; O قلم الكوبية q. al-kūbīya indelible pencil, copying pencil; قلم المرور (Eg.) Traffic Control Board

قلامة qulāma pl. -āt clippings, cuttings, parings, shavings; nail cuttings

مقلمة miqlama pl. -āt pen case

تقليم taqlīm clipping, trimming, paring; pruning, lopping (of trees) | تقليم الأظافر manicure

مقلم muqallam clipped, trimmed, pruned; (eg.) striped, streaked | مقلم الظفر m. aẓ-ẓufr powerless, helpless, weak

2 اقلم aqlama to acclimate, acclimatize, adapt, adjust II ta’aqlama to acclimatize (o.s. )

اقليم iqlīm pl. اقاليم aqālīm2 area, region; province; administrative district (Eg. = مديرية ; الأقاليم the country, countryside, provinces (as opposed to the city)

اقليمي iqlīmī climatic; regional, local; territorial | المياه الإقليمية (miyāh) territorial waters, coastal waters

قلندار qalandār wandering dervish, calendar

قلنس II taqalnasa to wear a cap

قلنسوة qalansuwa and قلنسية qulansiya pl. قلانيس qalānīs2 tall headgear, tiara, cidaris; hood, cowl, capuche; cap

(قلو and قلي) قلا qalā ū (qalw) and قلى qalā i (qaly) to fry, bake, roast (هـ s.th.); -- قلا qalā u (قلا qilan, قلاء qalā’), قلى qalā i and قلي qaliya a (قلى qilan, قلاء qalā’, مقلية maqliya) to hate, loathe, detest (ه s.o.)

قلو qilw, قلى qilan, qily alkali, base, lye (chem.)

قلوي qilwī alkaline, basic; القلويات al-qilwīyāt the bases (chem.)

قلاية qallāya frying vessel, cooking vessel; see also below

مقلى miqlan and مقلاة miqlāh pl. مقال maqalin frying pan

تقلية taqliya (eg.) sauce made of garlic, coriander and melted butter and served as a condiment

قلوز qalwaza to wind (the turban)

قلاووز see under قلوظ

قلوظ qalwaza to join with screws, screw together

قلاووظ (also قلاووز ) qalāwūẓ ship’s pilot; screw

1 قلاية qallāya (monk’s) cell; residence of the Coptic Patriarch

2 قلية qillīya (monk’s) cell

قم qamma u (qamm) to sweep (هـ s.th.)

قمة qimma pl. قمم qimam top, summit, peak, acme, apex | قمة الرأس q. ar-ra’s crown of the head; O قمة الموجه q. al-mauja wave peak (el.); هو حسن القمة (ḥasan al-q.) he is well-built; من قمة الرأس الى اخمص القدم (akmaṣi l-qadam) or من القمة الى الأخمص from head to toe

قمامة qumāma sweepings, rubbish, refuse, garbage | صندوق القمامة ṣundūq al-q. garbage bin

قمائم qamā’im2 sweepings, rubbish

مقمة miqamma pl. مقام maqamm2 broom

قمؤ qamu’a u (قماءة qamā’a) to be little, lowly, despised, despicable; to feel inferior, feel worthless

قميء qamī’ lowly, little, small; insignificant, of little value

قماءة qamā’a lowliness, littleness, smallness; insignificance, puniness, inferiority, despicability

قمح II to give a portion only, pay an installment (ه to s.o.) IV to put forth ears, ear, ripen (grain) | اقمح بانفه (bi-anfih`i) to be proud, bear one’s head high

قمح qamḥ wheat

قمحي qamḥī wheat-colored, wheaten

قمحة qamḥa pl. -āt wheat kernel; grain (in Eg. = .04875 g = ¼ قيراط )

شهرا قماح šahrā qumāḥ (qimāḥ) the two coldest months of winter

قماح qammāḥ grain merchant, corn chandler

1 قمر qamara i (qamr) to gamble; -- i u to defeat in gambling (ه s.o.); passs. Qumira to lose in gambling; -- qamira a (qamr) to be or become snow-blind II to toast (هـ bread) III to gamble (ه with s.o.); to .take, risk, hazard (ب s.th.); to bet, speculate (على on) | قامر على الجواد الخاسر (jawād) to bet on the wrong horse IV to be moonlit (night) VI to gamble with one another

قمر qamar snow blindness; -- (pl. اقمار aqmār) moon; satellite (astron.); القمران al-qamarān sun and moon قمر الدين q. ad-dīn a kind of jelly made from apricots finely ground and dried in the sun; قمر كاذب paraselene, mock moon (astron.); حجر القمر ḥajar al-q. selenite (min.)

قمرة qamara (n. un.) pl. -āt crescent (as an emblem on a uniform); (eg.) moonlight; (eg.) skylight; see also below

قمري qamarī of or pertaining to the moon, moon-shaped, moonlike, lunar | الأشهر القمرية (ašhur) the lunar months; الحروف القمرية the moon letters (gram.)

قمري qumrī (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. قماري qamārīy a variety of turtledove

ليلة قمرة laila qamira moonlit night

قمرية qamarīya pl. -āt (eg.) skylight, small window

قمراء qamrā’2 moonlight

قمير qamīr pl. اقمار aqmār fellow gambler, gambling partner, gambler

اقمر aqmar2, قمراء qamrā’2 moonlit (night); moon-white, bright, whitish

مقمر maqmar and مقمرة maqmara pl. مقامر maqāmir2 gambling house, gambling hell

قمار qimār gambling; bet, wager | آلة لعب القمار ālat la’b al-q. lot machine

مقامرة muqāmara gambling

مقمر muqammir, مقمر كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) toaster

مقمر muqammar (eg.) toast, toasted bread

مقامر muqāamir gambler

مقمر muqmir moonlit (night)

2 قمرة (It. camera) qamara, qamra pl. –āt berth, bunk, cabin, stateroom

قمرق qumrug pl. قمارق qamāriq2 customs (tun.)

قمز qamaza u i (qamz) to take with the fingertips (هـ s.th.)

قمس qamasa u i (qams) to dip, immerse, soak, steep (في ه s.th. in)

قاموس qāmūs pl. قواميس qawāmīs2 ocean; dictionary, lexicon

قومس qaumas pl. قوامس qawāmis2 depths of the sea; pl. mishaps, misfortunes, adversities

1 قمش qamaša u i (qamš) to pick up, gather up, collect (هـ rubbish) II do.

قماش qumāš rubbish, garbage, refuse, offal, trash, junk; (pl. اقمشة aqmiša) fabric, material, cloth | قماش البيت q. al-bait household effects, furniture; قماش الناس the scum of the earth, riff-raff

قماش qammāš draper, cloth merchant

2 قمشة qamša (eg.) strap, thong; leather whip, cowhide

2 قمص qamaṣa u i (qamṣ, قماص qumāṣ, qimāṣ) to gallop; to spring, jump, leap, bound; to kick II do.

قمص qamṣ gallop

2 قمص II to clothe with a shirt (ه s.o.) V to put on or wear a shirt; to be clothed, be vested (هـ with), dress, attire o.s., wrap o.s. (هـ in), cloak o.s. (هـ in the mantle of; fig.); to transmigrate, pass into another body (spirit), materialize (هـ in another body)

قميص qamīṣ pl. قمص qumuṣ, اقمصة aqmiṣa, قمصان qumṣān shirt; dress, gown; covering, cover, case, wrap, envelope, jacket; (Chr.) alb, surplice, rochet; incarnation | قميص افرنجي (ifranjī) day shirt, upper shirt; قميص النوم q. an-naum night-gown

تقميص taqmīṣ and تقمص taqammuṣ transmigration of souls, metempsychosis

3 قمص qummuṣ pl. قمامصة qamāmiṣa archpriest, hegumen (Copt.-Chr.)

قمط qamaṭa u i (qamṭ) to swaddle (ه a baby); to fetter, shackle (ه s.o.); to dress, bandage (هـ a wound) II do.

قمط qimṭ pl. اقماط aqmāṭ rope, fetter

قمطة qamṭa a kind of kerchief (eg.)

قماط qimāṭ pl. -āt, قمط qumuṭ, اقمطة aqmiṭa swaddle, diaper

قمطر qamaṭr, qimṭar pl. قماطر qamāṭir2 receptacle for storing books; satchel

قمع qama’a a (qam’) to tame, curb, bridle, restrain, check, suppress, repress, subdue (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to hinder, prevent (عن ه s.o. from) II (eg.) to cut off the upper end (هـ of an okra) IV = I

قمع qam’ repression, suppression, curbing, prevention; taming, subdual, quelling, subjection

قمع qam’, qim’, qima’ pl. اقماع aqmā’ funnel; -- (pl. قموع qumū’) stem (of a fruit); pericarp | قمع الخياط q. al-kayyāt thimble; قمع السيكارة cigar butt

قمقم qamqama and II تقمقم taqamqama to complain, grumble, mutter

قمقم qumqum and قمقمة qumquma pl. قماقم qamāqim2 a bulgy, long-necked bottle

قمل qamila a (qamal) to be lice-infested, teem with lice V do.

قمل qaml (coll.; n. un. ة ) louse

قمل qamil lousy, lice-infested

مقمل muqammal lice-infested

1 قمن V to intend, purpose, propose (هـ to do s.th.)

قمن gamin worthy, deserving (ب of s.th.)

قمين qamīn worthy (ب of), adequate (ب to), in keeping with (ب ); fit(ting), appropriate, suitable (ب for), capable (ب of)

مقمن maqman adequate (ل to), appropriate, suited, suitable, fit (ل for)

2 قمين qamīn and قمينة qamīna pl. -āt kiln, furnace

1 قن qunn pl. قنان qinān chicken coop, chicken house

قن qinn pl. اقنان aqnān, اقنة aqinna slave, serf

قنة qinna galbanum (bot.)

قنة qunna pl. -āt, قنن qunan, قنان qinān, قنون qunūn mountaintop, summit, peak

قنونة qunāna slavery, serfdom

قنينة qinnīna pl. قنان qanānin bottle, glass bottle; flask, flacon, vial

2 قن II to make laws, legislate; to determine, fix (هـ s.th.)

قانون qānūn pl. قوانين qawānīn2 canon; established principle, basic rule, axiom, norm, regulation, rule, ordinance, prescript, precept, statute; law; code; tax, impost; (Tun.) tax on olives and dates; a stringed musical instrument resembling the zither, with a shallow, trapezoidal sound box, set horizontally before the performer | القانون الأساسي (asāsī) basic constitutional law; statutes; قانون التأسيس statutes, constitution; القانون الجنائي (jinā’ī) criminal law, penal law; قانون الأحوال الشخصية (šakṣīya) personal statute; القانون الدستوري (dustūrī) constitutional law; القانون الدولي (duwalī) international law; قانون المرافعات q. al-murāfa’āt code of procedure (jur.; Eg.); قانون اصول المحاكمات الحقوقية do. (syr.); قانون السلك الإداري q. as-silk al-idārī administrative law; قانون كيماوي (kīmāwī) chemical formula; القانون المدني (madanī) civil law

قانوني qānūnī canonical; legal, statutory; lawful, legitimate, licit, accordant with law or regulations, valid, regular; legist, jurisprudent, jurist | صيدلي قانوني (ṣaidalī) certified and licensed pharmacist; غير قانوني illegal

قانونية qānūnīya legality, lawfulness

تقنين taqnīn legislation, lawmaking; codification (jur.); regulation by law; rationing

مقنن muqannin legislative, lawmaking; lawgiver, lawmaker, legislator

مقنن muqannan determined, fixed

قانئ qāni’ blood-red, deep-red

قنال qanāl canal | قنال السويس the Suez Canal

قنب qanb pl. قنوب qunūb calyx

قنب qunnab, qinnab hemp (Cannabis indica; bot.) | خيط القنب kaiṭ al-q. hemp rope, string, cord, twine, packthread

قنبي qinnabī hempen, hemp (adj.)

مقنب miqnab pl. مقانب maqānib2 troop of horsemen

1 قنبار qunbār (ir.) bast rug, bast runner

2 قنبر qunbur (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. قنابر qanābir2 lark (zool.)

3 قنبرة qunbura pl. قنابر qanābir2 bomb

4 قنبور qunbūr hump, hunch | ابو قنبور abū qunbūr hunchback

قنباز qunbāz pl. قنابيز qanābīz2 (syr.) a long, sleeved garment worn by men, open in front and fastened with a belt

1 قنبل qanbal and قنبلة qanbala pl. قنابل qanābil2 troop of horsemen; troop, group, band

2 قنبل qanbala to bomb (هـ s.th.)

قنبلة qunbula pl. قنابل qanābil2 bomb, bomb shell; grenade, shell | قنبلة حارقة incendiary bomb; قنبلة ذرية (darrīya) atomic bomb, A bomb; قنبلة غازية (gāzīya) gas bomb, gas shell; قنبلة مائية (mā’īya) depth charge; قنبلة محرقة (muḥriqa) incendiary bomb; قنبلة منفجرة (munfajira) high-explosive bomb; قنبلة هيدروجينية (haidrōjīnīya) hydrogen bomb, H bomb; قنبلة اليد q. al-yad or قنبلة يدوية (yadawīya) hand grenade

طائرة مقنبلة ṭā’ira muqanbila bomber; مقنبلات bombers

قنبيط qunnabīṭ cauliflower

قنت qanata u (قنوت qunūt) to be obedient, submissive, humble

قنوت qunūt obedience to God, humility before God, devoutness, piety

قنجة qanja pl. -āt, قناج qināj Nile boat

قند qand pl. قنود qunūd hard crystalline mass formed by evaporating or boiling cane sugar, candy

مقنود maqnūd and مقند muqannad sweetened with qand

قندز qunduz and قندس qundus beaver

قندق qandaq pl. قنادق qanādiq2 gunstock, rifle butt

قندلفت qandalaft pl. -īya sexton, sacristan (Chr.)

قندول qandūl aspalatus (bot.)

قنديل qindīl pl. قناديل qanādīl2 lamp; candlestick; candelabrum

قنزعة qunza’a, qanza’a, qinzi’a pl. قنازع qanāzi’2 tuft of hair; cock’s comb, crest of a rooster

قنص qanaṣa i (qanṣ) and VIII to hunt, shoot, bag (هـ s.th.); to hunt up (هـ s.th.), get hold (هـ of s.th.); to make use, take advantage, avail o.s. (الظروف of the circumstances, الفرصة al-furṣa of the opportunity, and the like)

قنص qanṣ hunting, shooting, hunt

قنص qanaṣ quarry, bag, game

قنيص qanīṣ game, quarry, bag, catch; hunter

قناص qannāṣ pl. قناصة qanāṣa hunter

قانص qāniṣ pl. قناص qunnāṣ hunter

قانصة qāniṣa pl. قوانص qawāniṣ2 gizzard

O قانصة qāniṣa pl. -āt tank destroyer (Syr.; mil.)

مقنوص maqnūṣ quarry, bag, catch

قنصل qunṣul pl. قناصل qanāṣil2 consul | نائب القنصل and وكيل القنصل vice-consul; قنصل عام (‘āmm) consul general

قنصلي qunṣulī consular

قنصلية qunṣulīya pl. -āt consulate | قنصلية عامة (‘āmma) consulate general

قنصلاتو qunṣulātō consulate

قنط qaniṭa a (qanaṭ), qanaṭa u i (قنوط qunūṭ) and qanuṭa u (قناطة qanāṭa) to despair, despond, become disheartened, be without hope, lose all courage II to drive to despair, dishearten, discourage (ه s.o.) IV do.

قنط qanaṯ and قنوط qunūṭ despair, despondency, desperateness, hopelessness

قنط qaniṭ and قنوط qanūṭ despairing, desperate, disheartened, discouraged

قانط qāniṭ despairing, desperate, despondent, disheartened, discouraged

1 قنطر qantara to arch, span, vault (هـ s.th.)

قنطرة qantara pl. قناطر qanāṭir2 arched bridge, stone bridge; vault, arch; archway, arcade; arches, viaduct, aqueduct (esp. pl.); dam, weir | قنطرة موازنة regulator, regulating device (at a canal, esp. in the Egyptian irrigation system); القناطر الخيرية (kairīya) the Barrages, at the entrance of the Nile delta, about 15 miles north of Cairo

مقنطر muqanṭar vaulted, arched, arcaded

قنطر qanṭara to possess tremendous riches

قنطار qinṭār pl. قناطير qanāṭīr2 kantar, a varying weight of 100 رطل raṭl (in Eg. = 44.93 kg, in Tunisia = 53.9 kg, in Syria = 256.4 kg) | قناطير مقنطرة (muqanṭara) accumulated riches; tremendous sums

قنطاريون qinṭārīyūn centaury (Erythrea centauricum; bot.)

قنطرمة qanṭarma pl. -āt snaffle, bridoon

قنع qani’a a (qana’, قنعان qun’ān, قناعة qanā’a) to content o.s., be content, be satisfied (ب with); to be convinced II to mask (هـ the face); to veil (هـ the face, to a woman); to satisfy, content (ه s.o.), give satisfaction (ه to); to convince (ب ه s.o. of); to persuade (ه s.o.) IV to content, satisfy (ه s.o.), give satisfaction (ه to); to convince (ه s.o.); to induce, persuade (ب ه s.o. to do s.th.), prevail (ب ه upon s.o. to do s.th.) V to mask or conceal one’s face; to veil one’s face, be veiled, wear a veil VIII to content o.s., be content (ب with); to be convinced (ب of)

قنع qin‘ pl. اقناع aqnā‘ arms, weapons, armor

قنع qana‘ contentment, content, contentedness; frugality, moderation, temperance, abstemiousness

قناعة qanā‘a satisfaction; contentment, content, contentedness; frugality, temperance, moderation

قنع qani‘ satisfied, content, contented; temperate, moderate, abstemious

قناع qinā‘ pl. قنع qunu‘ arms, weapons, armor; -- (pl. اقنعة aqni‘a, also قناعات qinā‘āt) veil, head veil; mask; pericardium | قناع واق (wāqin) gas mask

قنوع qanū‘ pl. قنع qunu‘ satisfied, content (ب with); frugal, modest, temperate

مقنع maqna‘ sufficiency | في ذلك مقنع له that is enough for him, he may content himself with that

اقناع iqnā‘ satisfying, satisfaction, contenting (of s.o.); persuasion; convincing, convincement, conviction

تقنع taqannu‘ mummery, masquerade

اقتناع iqtinā‘ satisfaction, contentment, content, contentedness; conviction (= convincedness)

قانع qāni‘ satisfied, content (ب with)

مقنع muqanna‘ veiled; masked

مقتنع muqtani‘ satisfied, content (ب with); convinced

قنفذ qunfud pl. قنافذ qanāfid2 hedgehog | قنفذ البحر q. al-baḥr or قنفذ بحري (baḥrī) sea urchin (Echinus; zool.); porcupine fish (Diodon; zool.)

قنقر qanqar kangaroo

قنال look up alphabetically

1 قنم qanima a (qanam) to be or become rancid, rank

قنومة qannūma sacred fish (Mormyrus oxyrhynchus)

2 اقنوم uqnūm pl. اقانيم aqānīm2 hypostasis, person of the Trinity (Chr.); basic element, substance, subsistent principle

قنو ) and قني) قنا qanā u (قنو qanw, qunūw, قنوة qunwa, قنوان qunwān) to acquire, appropriate, make one’s own (هـ s.th.); to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); -- قنى qanā i (qany, قنيان qunyān) to acquire, gain (هـ s.th.); -- قني qaniya a (قنا qanan) to be hooked, aquiline (nose) II to dig (a canal) VIII to acquire (هـ s.th.); to get, procure, purchase (هـ s.th.)

قنو qunw, qinw pl. اقناء aqnā’, قنوان qunwān, qinwān, قنيان qunyān, qinyān bunch of dates

قنوة qunwa, qinwa appropriation, acquisition; property in livestock, wealth, fortune, possessions, property

قنية qunya, qinya acquisition, property

قناة qan`ah pl. قنى qanan, qunīy, قناء qinā’, قنوات qanawāt, قنيات qanayāt spear, (bamboo) lance; shaft; tube, duct, pipe; -- (pl. اقنية aqniya, قنوات qanawāt) canal; stream, waterway | قناة دمعية (dam‘īya) lachrymal canal; قناة العلم q. al-’alam flagpole; لانت قناته lānat qanātuhū to soften, relent; to yield, give in

قناية qanāya pl. -āt small stream, rivulet, runnel, canal

O قنية qunayya cannula

اقنى aqnā bent, curved, crooked, hooked

اقتناء iqtinā’ purchase, acquisition

قان qānin pl. قانية qāniya possessor, owner; see also alphabetically

مقتنى muqtanan pl. مقتنيات muqtanayāt thing acquired, acquisition

قهر qahara a (qahr) to subject, subjugate, conquer, vanquish, defeat (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to subdue, overpower, overwhelm, overcome (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to force, compel, coerce (على ه s.o. to)

قهر qahr vanquishing, subdual, subjection, subjugation; compulsion, coercion, force; (eg.) annoyance, trouble, sorrow, grief; قهرا qahran forcibly, by force; perforce, of necessity

قهرة quhra compulsion, coercion, constraint, force

قهري qahrī compelling, compulsory, mandatory, coercive; forcible, forced | ابتسامة قهرية forced smile; سبب قهري (sabab) compelling reason

قاهر qāhir forcible, cogent, overpowering, irresistible; vanquisher, conqueror, victor; القاهر the planet Mars

مصر القاهرة miṣr al-qāhira or القاهرة al-qāhira Cairo

قاهري qāhirī Cairene; (pl. -ūn) a Cairene

قهار qahhār conquering, vanquishing; القهار the Subduer, the Almighty (God)

قهرمان qahramān pl. قهارمة qahārima steward, butler, household manager

قهرمانة qahramāna (woman) housekeeper

قهقر qahqara to move backward, go back, fall back, retreat, withdraw; to fall behind, lag behind; to recede, retrogress, retrograde, decline, degenerate, deteriorate II taqahqara do.

قهقرة qahqara backward movement, recedence, recession, retrogression, fall-back, retreat; decline, retrogradation, degeneration

قهقرى qahqarā backward movement, recedence, recession, retrogression, fallback, retreat; decline, retrogradation, degeneration | عاد القهقرى to fall back, retreat, withdraw

تقهقر taqahqur regress, recession, recedence, retrogression, lag, fallback, retreat

قهقه qahqaha to laugh boisterously, guffaw

قهقهة qahqaha loud burst of laughter, guffaw, horselaugh

قهوة qahwa coffee; (pl. qahawāt and قهاوي qahāwī) cafe, coffeehouse | قهوة سادة coffee without sugar

قهواتي qahwātī, qahawātī pl. -īya (syr.) coffeehouse owner

قهوجي qahwajī coffeehouse owner; coffee cook

مقهى maqhan and مقهاة maqhāh pl. مقاه maqāhin cafe, coffeehouse

مقهاية maqhāya (yem.) cafe, coffeehouse

قهي qahiya a: قهي من الطعام (ṭa‘ām) and IV اقهى من الطعام to have little appetite

قاه qāhin supplied with provisions

(قوب) قاب qāba u (qaub) to dig; to dig up, burrow, excavate, hollow out (هـ the ground) II do. V to break open, burst open (egg)

قاب qāb small distance; short span (between the middle and the end of a bow) | على قاب قوسين (q. qausain) quite near, very close; imminent; على قاب لمحة (q. lamḥa) in a moment

قوب qūb pl. اقواب aqwāb young bird, chick

قوباء qūbā’, quwabā’2 and قوبة qūba, quwaba pl. قوب quwab tetter (med.)

(قوت) قات qāta u (qaut, qūt, قياتة qiyāta) to feed, nourish, subsist, sustain, support (ه s.o.), provide for the support (ه of) II and IV do. V to be fed, be supported; to feed, livo (ب on s.th.); to eat (ب s.th.) VIII do.; to take in or absorb as nourishment (هـ s.th.)

قات qāt kat (Catha edulis Forskàl; bot.); the leaves of this shrub which act as an excitant when chewed | قات الرعيان q. ar-ru‘yān a variety of lettuce (Lactuca inermis Forsk.; bot.)

قوت qūt pl. اقوات aqwāt nutriment, aliment, nourishment, food, viands | مواد القوت mawādd al-q. foodstuffs

تقوت taqawwut nutrition, alimentation

المقيت al-muqīt the Feeder, the Nourisher (God)

قاح (قوح ) qāḥa u (qauḥ) to fester, suppurate, swell (wound); to sweep (هـ the house) II to sweep (هـ the house) III to quarrel, pick a quarrel V to fester, suppurate, swell

قاحة qāḥa pl. قوح qūḥ courtyard

قاد (قود ) qāda u (quad, قياد qiyād, قيادة qiyada, مقادة maqāda) to lead, lead by a halter (هـ s.th.); to conduct, guide, engineer, steer (هـ s.th.); to drive, steer (هـ e.g., an automobile), pilot (هـ an airplane); to pander, pimp IV to cause (ه s.o.) to retaliate VII to be led, be guided; to follow, obey (ل s.o.), yield, submit (ل to s.o.) VIII to lead; to be led X to retaliate

قود qaud leadership; pandering, pimping

قود qawad retaliation

قواد qawwād pander, pimp, procurer

قؤود qa’ūd tractable, docile, amenable, manageable; trained (horse)

اقود aqwad2 tractable, docile, amenable, manageable

قياد qiyād leadership, guidance; leading rope, halter | سلس القياد salis al-q. tractable, docile, amenable, manageable, pliant; صعب القياد ṣa’b al-q. intractable, unruly, ungovernable

قيادة qiyāda leadership, guidance; driving, steering, steerage (of a vehicle); command | القيادة العليا (العامة ) (‘ulyā, ‘āmma) supreme command; عجلة القيادة ‘ajalat al-q. steering wheel (of an automobile)

مقود miqwad pl. مقاود maqawid leading rope, leading rein, halter; steering mechanism; steering wheel

انقياد inqiyād obedience, compliances, yielding, submission

قائد qā’id pl. قواد quwwād, قود quwwad, قادة qāda, قادات qādāt leader; directors, manager; head, chief; commander, commandant; high-ranking officer, senior officer; caïd, native governmental officer heading a caïdate in Tunisia; steersman, helmsman | قائد الجيش q. al-jaiš commander of an army, general; قائد العام (‘āmm) supreme commander; القائد الأعلى (a’lā) commander-in-chief of the Eg. navy; قائد عام الأساطيل الجوية (‘āmm, jawwīya) lieutenant general of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قائد الأساطيل الجوية (jawwīya) major general of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قائد اسطول الجوي q. usṭūl jawwī colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قائد لواء جوي lieutenant colonel of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قائد فرقة جوية q. firqa jawwīya major of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قائد جناح q. janāḥ wing commander (Eg. 1939); قائد سرب q. sirb captain of the Air Force (Eg. 1939); قادة الفكر q. al-fikr leading thinkers

قور II to make a round hole (هـ in s.th.); to gouge, scoop out, hollow out (هـ s.th.); to cut out in a round form, cut round (هـ s.th.) V to coil (snake) VIII اقتار and اقتور iqtawara = II

قار qār pitch; tar

قارة qāra pl. -āt, قور qūr, قيران qīrān hill; see also qarra under; قر

مقورة miqwara gouge

تقوير taqwīr gouging, hollowing out

تقويرة taqwīra neckline (of a garment)

مقور muqawwar cut out in a round form; gouged, hollowed out, scooped out; chiseled out; low-cut, low-necked, décolleté (dress)

قورمة qawurma (eg.) mutton or beef cut in small pieces and braised with squash (qar’) or onions and tomatoes

قوس qawisa a (qawas) to be bent, curved, crooked II = I; to bend, curve, crook (هـ s.th.); to shoot V = I; to bend

قوس qaus m. and f., pl. of اقواس aqwās, قسي qusīy, qisīy bow, longbow; arc (geom.); arch, vault (arch.; of a bridge); violin bows, fiddlestick; semicircular table; قوسان parentheses (punctuation marks); القوس Sagittas, the Archer (sign of the zodiac) | بين قوسين (qausain) in parentheses; قوس قزح q. quzaḥa rainbow; قوس الندف q. an-nadf teasing bow (for combing or carding cotton); قوس النصر q. an-naṣr triumphal arch; لم يبق في قوس صبري منزع lam yabqa fī q. ṣabrī minz‘ my patience is at an end (lit.: there is no arrow left for the bow of my patience)

قواس qawwās bowmaker; bowman, archer; kavass, consular guard

قويسة quwaisa sage (bot.)

مقوس muqawwas bent, crooked, curved, arched

قوش qūš pl. اقواش aqwāš crupper (of the saddle or harness); straps, girth

قاووش qāwūš pl. قواويش qawāwīš2 prison cell

قواص qawāṣ see قواس qawwās

قاض (قوض ) qāḍa u (qauḍ) to demolish, tear down, wreck, raze (هـ a building), strike (هـ a tent) II do.; to break off (هـ s.th.); to smash (هـ s.th.) V to be demolished, undergo demolition; to collapse, fall in, cave in; to break up, scatter, disperse (crowd); to desist (عن from), give in, give way (عن to)

تقويض taqwīḍ wrecking, demolition; destruction, annihilation

مقاوضة muqāwaḍa barter, exchange, interchange

1 قوط qauṭ pl. اقواط aqwāṭ flock of sheep

2 القوط al-qūṭ the Goths

قوطي qūṭī Gothic

3 قوطة qauṭa small basket for fruit; date basket

4 قوطة qūṭa (eg.) tomatoes

قاع (قوع ) qā‘ pl. قيعان qī‘ān, اقوع aqwu‘, اقواع aqwā‘ plain, lowland; bottom, lowest part; wave trough (phys.); floor (of a mine); gulf, abyss | قاع النهر q. an-nahr river bed; بلاد القاع the Netherlands

قاعة qā‘a pl. -āt paved courtyard; entrance hall, vestibule, corridor; hall; sizable room | قاعة المحاضرات q. al-muḥāḍarāt lecture hall, auditorium (of a university); قاعة التدريس lecture room, classroom; قاعة الطعام q. aṭ-ṭa‘ām dining room; messhall; قاعة العرش q. al-‘arš throne room; قاعة المطالعة q. al-muṭāla‘a reading room, study hall; قاعة الأفراح banquet hall, ballroom

1 قاق (قوق ) qāqa u (qauq) to cackle, cluck (hen) II do.

قاق qāq pl. قيقان qīqān (syr.) raven | قاق الماء cormorant (zool.)

ام قويق umm quwaiq (eg.) owl (zool.)

2 قاوق and قاووق pl. قواويق look up alphabetically

القوقاز al-qauqāz and القوقاس al-qauqās the Caucasus

القوقازيون al-qauqāzīyūn the Caucasians

قوقع qauqa‘ seashell

قوقعة qauqa‘a pl. قواقع qawāqi‘2 snail

1(قول) قال qāla u (قول qaul) to speak, say, tell (هـ s.th., ل to s.o.; في, عن هـ s.th. about or of), utter, voice (هـ s.th.); to speak (عن of), deal (عن with), treat (عن of); to state, maintain, assert, propound, teach, profess, advocate, defend (ب s.th.); to support, hold (ب a view), stand up (ب for), be the proponent (ب of a doctrine or dogma); to allege (ب s.th.); with على : to speak against s.o., speak ill of s.o., tell lies about s.o. | قال برأسه (bi-ra’sihī) to motion with the head, signal, beckon; قيل في المثل qīla fī l-matal the proverb says; ولا يقال ان (inna) one cannot say that ..., let no one say that …; او قل au qul or, or rather, or say even …; وقل مثل هذه في (wa-qul mitla) or وقل مثله في or وكذلك قل في the same must be said about …, the same can be said of ..., the same applies to III to confer, parley, treat, negotiate (ه with s.o.); to dispute, wrangle, argue; to haggle, bargain (ه with s.o., about the price); to make a contract; to conclude a bargain, make a deal (ه with s.o.) V to fabricate lies, spread rumors (على about s.o.); to pretend, allege, purport (هـ s.th.) | تقول الأقاويل (aqāwīla) to talk foolishly X O to render (voice by radio)

قال وقيل qāl wa-qīl and قيل وقال qīl wa-qāl long palaver; idle talk, prattle, gossip

قالة qāla speech, talk | سوء القالة sū’ al-q. malicious gossip, backbiting, defamation

قول qaul pl. اقوال aqwāl, اقاويل aqāwīl2 word, speech, saying, utterance, remark; statement, declaration; report, account; doctrine, teaching; pl. اقوال also: testimony (in court); اقاويل sayings, locutions; proverbs | قولا وعملا qaulan wa-‘amalan or بالقول والفعل (fi‘l) by word and deed; اقوال الشهود testimonies, depositions, evidence; اعطى قوله a‘ṭā qaulahū to make one’s bid (at an auction)

قولة qaula (n. vic.) utterance, remark, word; pronouncement, dictum

قولة quwala garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative

قوال qawwāl garrulous, voluble, loquacious, talkative, communicative; itinerant singer and musician

مقول miqwal pl. مقاول maqāwil2 phonograph, gramophone, talking machine

مقال maqāl speech; proposition, contention, teaching, doctrine; article; treatise; piece of writing

مقالة maqāla pl. -āt article; essay; treatise; piece of writing | مقالة افتتاحية (iftitāḥīya) editorial, leading article

مقاولة muqāwala talk, conversation, parley, conference; dispute; contract; settlement, arrangement, agreement; bargain, deal, transaction, undertaking | بالمقاولة by the job, by the contract, by piece (work)

تقول taqawwul pl. -āt talk, rumor, gossip

قائل qā’il pl. قول quwwal saying, telling; teller, narrator; advocate, proponent (ب of s.th.)

مقول maqūl pl. -āt that which is said, utterance, saying; word(s), speech | المقولات العشر (‘ašr) the ten categories (philos.)

مقاول muqāwil contractor; building contractor

2 قول (Turk. kol) qōl wing of an army, army corps; قول اغاسي (Turk. kol ağası) a military rank intermediate between those of captain and major, adjutant major (Egs.)

قولحة qaulaḥa pl. قوالح qawāliḥ2 (eg.) cob (of corn, and the like)

قولنج qaulanj colic

قولون qolōn colon (anat.)

قام (قوم ) qāma u (قومة qauma, قيام qiyām) to get up; to stand up, stand erect; to rise (also fig.: voices, noise, wind); قام عليه to rise or turn against s.o., revolt or rebel against s.o., attack s.o.; قام له to rise in honor of s.o.; to rise from the dead, be resurrected; to ascend; to set out, start out; to depart, leave (train); to betake o.s., go (الى to); to stand; to remain standing; to be, exist, be existent; to be located, be situated, lie; to consist (ب in); to rest, be based, be founded (على on, also ب ), be built (على on); to have for its (main) theme (على a problem; of a book, and the like); to begin (يفعل to do s.th.), start (يفعل doing s.th.); to make s.th. (ب ) one’s business, concern o.s. (ب with), undertake, take upon o.s., perform, do, carry out, execute, accomplish, practice, exercise (ب s.th.); to stand up (ب for), support, advocate, endorse (ب s.th.); to be in charge (على of), manage, run, tend, guard, keep up, preserve (على s.th.); to take care (على of), attend (على to), watch (على over), look after s.th. (على ); to cost, be worth (ب so and so much) | قام البرهان على (burhān) proof had been furnished for; قام بأعباء الحكم (bi-a’bā’i l-ḥukm) to assume the burdens of government, take over power; قام باوده (bi-awadihī) to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by s.o. in time of need; قام بدور (bi-daurin) to play a part; قام بشأنه (bi-ša’nihī) to take care of s.o., look after s.o., take s.o. under one’s wing; قام بالمصاريف to defray the costs, pay the expenses; قام بالواجب عليه to do one’s duty; قام بوعده (bi-wa‘dihī) to keep one’s word; قامت الحرب على ساق (ḥarb) the war was or became violent, flared up; war broke out; قام الحق (ḥaqq) truth became or was manifest; قامت الصلاة (ṣalāh) the time of prayer has come; قام على قدم وساق (qadamin wa-sāqin) to become fully effective, be in full progress, be in full swing; قاموا قومة رجل واحد (qaumata rajulin) they rose to a man; لم تقم له قائمة بعد lam taqum lahū qā’imatun ba‘du he was no longer able to put up any resistance, he was as good as finished; لا تقوم للأعداء قائمة there is no resistance against the enemies; قامت قيامته (qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get angry, become furious; all hell broke loose in it; قامت قيامته ل (من ) to be upset, be shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.; قام في وجهه (wajhihī) to resist, oppose, defy s.o.; قام مقامه (maqāmahū) to replace s.o., substitute for s.o., deputize for s.o., take s.o.’s place; to serve as or instead of s.th., take the place of s.th., replace s.th.; قام منه مقامه to take the place of s.o. with s.o.; قام وقعد (wa-qa‘ada) to be in a state of great anxiety, be seriously upset, be very agitated; to be very alarmed (ل by s.th.); لا قام ولا قعد not to be lasting and durable II to set upright, lift up, raise (هـ s.th.); to create, shape, form, arrange, set up (هـ s.th.); to straighten, make or put straight (هـ s.th.); to arrange well, do properly (هـ s.th.); to put in order, fix, set going (هـ s.th.); to right, put to rights, rectify, correct, reform, amend (هـ s.th.); O to rectify (el.); to estimate, assess, appraise, value, rate (ب هـ s.th. at) | لا يقوم بثمن lā yuqawwamu bi-tamanin inestimable, invaluable, priceless III to resist, oppose (ه s.o.); to fight, combat (هـ s.th.); to raise objections, take issue, contend, argue (في ه with s.o. because of s.th.); to withstand (ه s.o.), hold out, hold one’s own (ه against), be on a par (ه with s.o.), equal, match (ه s.o.), measure up (ه to s.o.) | لا يقاوم lā yuqāwamu irresistible IV to straighten, straighten out, make right or correct, put in order (هـ s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) rise; to resurrect, raise from the dead (ه s.o.); to lift up, elevate (هـ s.th.); to set up, raise, erect (هـ s.th.); to start, originate, found, call into being (هـ s.th.); to fix, determine (هـ s.th.); to appoint, nominate, install (ه ه s.o. as); اقامه على to put s.o. in charge of s.th., commission s.o. with the management of s.th.; to agitate, rouse, excite (هـ s.th.); to make brisk, enliven, animate (هـ the market); to hold (هـ a meeting, a ceremony, etc.), celebrate (هـ a festival), put on, stage, organize (هـ a celebration, a pageant, etc.), give (هـ a reception); to occupy o.s. constantly (على with); to abide, stay, remain, dwell, reside, live (على in); to dwell (على on), persist (على in), keep, stick (على to) | اقام اوده (awadahū) to provide for s.o.’s needs, stand by s.o. in time of need; to support s.o., furnish s.o. with the means of subsistence; اقام البرهان الجلي على (burhāna l-jalīya) to furnish the unmistakable proof for ..., dearly prove s.th.; اقام الحجة (ḥujjata) to protest, lodge a protest; اقام حسابا ل (ḥisāban) to render account to s.o.; to give one’s mind to s.o. or s.th., make s.o. or s.th. one’s concern; اقام الدليل على ان to prove that ...; اقام الشعائر الدينية (dīnīya) to perform the liturgical rites; اقام الصلاة (ṣalāta) to perform the ritual prayer; اقام العدل (‘adla) to administer justice, handle the law; اقام القداس على (quddāsa) to read the Mass for s.o.; اقام قضية (دعوى) على (qaḍīyatan, da‘wā) to take legal action against s.o., sue s.o.; اقام له وزنا (waznan) to set great store by s.th., attach importance to s.th., make much of s.th.; لا يقام له وزن (yuqāmu, wazn) to be negligible, be of no consequence; اقام مباراة (mubārātan) to stage a contest; اقامه مقامه (maqāmahū) to make s.o. take the place of s.o. else, make s.o. replace s.o. else. substitute s.o. for s.o. else; اقام نفسه مقام الحامي (nafsahū maqama l-ḥāmī) to pose as the protector; اقامه واقعده (wa-aq‘adahū) to upset s.o. seriously, throw s.o. in a state of violent emotion; اقام الدنيا واقعدها (dunya wa-aq‘adahā) to move heaven and earth; to make a stir, create a sensation; لا يقيم له قيامة (qiyāmatan) he forestalls any resistance on his part X to rise, get up, stand up; to straighten up, draw o.s. up; to stand upright, stand erect; to be or become straight; to be right, correct, sound, proper, in order; to keep, stick (في to s.th.) | استقام له الكلام (kalāmu) he said the right thing about ..., he talked sense about ...

قوم qaum pl. اقوام aqwām fellow tribesmen, kinsfolk, kin, kindred; tribe, race, people, nation; people | عالم الأقوام ethnographer, ethnologist; سيقول قوم ان (inna) people will say ...

قومة qauma rising; uprising, revolt

قومي qaumī national; ethnic, racial; قوميات national traits; (pl. -īya) “goumier”, member of the native cavalry troops recruited from the local tribes in French North Africa

قومية qaumīya nationalism; nationality

قامة qāma stature, figure, build, frame (of a person); fathom (measure of length = 6 feet); stand, support, tripod

قيم qayyim valuable, precious; straight, right; caretaker, curator, custodian, superintendent; القيمة al-qayyima the true faith | كتب قيمة (kutub) valuable books

قيمة qīma pl. قيم qiyam value, worth; size of an amount, amount, quantity; price | ذو قيمة valuable; لا قيمة له (qīmata worthless

قيمي qīmī relating to the value, by the standard of value, according to the value; nonfungible (Isl. Law) | مال قيمي nonfungible things, nonfungibles (Isl. Law)

قوام qawām upright posture, erect bearing; straightness; stature, physique, build, frame; figure, body (of a person); rightness, properness, proper condition, normal state; strength, vigor, stamina; firmness, consistency; support, stay, prop; livelihood, living

قوام qiwām support, stay, prop; basis, foundation; stock, supply; sustenance, subsistence, livelihood | قوام اهله q. ahlihī the provider, or supporter, of his family

قوام qawwām manager, director, superintendent, caretaker, keeper, custodian, guardian (على of s.th.)

قوامة qiwāma guardianship

قويم qawīm pl. قيام qiyām straight, upright, erect; correct, right, proper, sound, authentic; true (religion); firm, solid

قيام qiyām rising, getting up; standing; existence; outbreak (e.g., of a revolt); setting out, leaving, departure (also, esp., of trains); performance. execution, carrying out, consummation, discharge, accomplishment, undertaking (ب of s.th.); support, stay, prop; sustenance, subsistence, livelihood | الى قيام الساعة till doomsday, forever and ever, in perpetuity, for all time to come; قيام اهله q. ahlihī the provider, or supporter, of his family; القيام بالعمل (‘amal) performance; working, functioning

قيامة qiyāma resurrection; tumult, turmoil, upheaval, revolution, overthrow; guardianship | عيد القيامة ‘īd al-q. Easter; يوم القيامة yaum al-q. the day of resurrection, the day of final judgment; قامت قيامته (qiyāmatuhū) to get excited, get angry, become furious; all hell broke loose in it; (عن) قامت قيامته ل to be upset, be shocked, be violently agitated by s.th.

القيوم al-qayyūm the Everlasting, the Eternal (God)

اقوم aqwam2 straighter; more correct, sounder; more adequate, more appropriate

مقوم miqwam plowtail, plow handle

مقام maqām pl. -āt site, location, position; place, spot, point, locality; situation; station; standing, position, rank, dignity; tomb of a saint, sacred place; key, tonality, mode (mus.) | في هذا المقام on this occasion; مقام ابراهيم small building near the Kaaba, in Mecca (housing a stone with ِ Abraham’s foot-prints); مقام الحديث topic of the conversation; المقامات السياسية (الرسمية ) (siyāsīya, rasmīya) the political (official) agencies; مقام الكسر m. al-kasr denominator of a fraction; صاحب المقام الرفيع title conferred upon the holder of the order of “Collier Fouad I”, established by Fuad I in 1936; كان عندي في مقام والدي (m. wālidī) he assumed the responsibility of fatherhood for me; cf. also muqām and under قمّ

مقامة maqāma pl. -āt sitting, session, meeting; a genre of Arabic rhythmic prose

تقويم taqwīm pl. تقاويم taqāwīm2 raising, setting up, erection; appraisal, assessment, estimation, fating, valuation; correction; rectification, amendment, reform, reformation, reorganization, reshaping, modification, adaption; a rectification, detection (el., radio); land survey, surveying; determination of geographical longitude and latitude; geography; stocktaking; almanac; calendar; chronology | التقويم الجويجوري the Gregorian calendar; تقويم زمني (zamanī) chronology; علم تقويم البلدان ‘ilm t. al-buldān geography

مقاومة muqāwama resistance; opposition; fight, struggle, battle (with foll. genit.: against); O resistance (el.) | O مقاومة جوية (jawwīya) antiaircraft defense; مقاومة سلبية (salbīya) passive resistance; دون مقاومة without resistance, unresistingly

اقامة iqāma raising, lifting up; elevation; setting up; erection; establishment (of an institute); execution; performance; holding, convocation (e.g., of a meeting), celebration (e.g., of a festival), putting on, staging (e.g., of a pageant, of a celebration); resurrection (of the dead); stay, sojourn; second call to the salat in a mosque, indicating the imminent beginning of the prayer; (Magr.) residentship, office of resident | اقامة الشعائر الدينية (dīnīya) performance of the religious ceremonies, celebration of the divine service; اقامة العدل i. al-‘adl administration of justice; محل الإقامة maḥall al-i. (place of) residence, domicile; address

استقامة istiqāma straightness; sincerity, uprightness, rectitude, integrity, probity, honesty; rightness, soundness, correctness

قائم qā’im pl. قوم quwwam, قيم quyyam, قوام quwwām, قيام quyyām rising, getting up; standing; upright, erect; stand-up; existing, existent; visible, conspicuous; firm, steadfast, staunch, unflinching, unshakable; revolting, rebelling (على against); vertical, perpendicular (على to) | قائم بالأعمال, قائم بأعمال المفوضية (bi-a. al-mufawwāḍīya) charge d’affaires (dipl.); قائم الذات, قائم بذاته, قائم برأسه (bi-ra’sihī) and بنفسه (bi-nafsihi) self-existent, independent; في قائم حياته (q. ḥayātihi) during his lifetime; قائم الزاوية q. az-zāwiya rectangular, right-angled; الزاوية القائمة right angle

قائممقام qā’im-maqām, qā’imaqām administrative officer at the head of a qaḍā’, approx.: district president (Ir., Syr., Leb.); lieutenant colonel (mil.; Tun., formerly also Eg.); commander (naval rank; Eg.)

قائممقامية qā’im-maqāmīya, qā’imaqāmīya administrative district headed by a qā’im-maqam, in Iraq = qaḍā’

قائمة qā’ima pl. قوائم qawā’im leg, foot, paw (of a quadruped); leg, foot (of furniture); pale, stake, post, prop, stanchion, pillar; pommel (of a sword’s hilt); stand, base, support; (fig.) main support, pillar; (pl. also -āt) list, roster, register, index, table, schedule; catalogue; invoice, bill | قائمة الطعام q. aṭ-ṭa‘ām menu, bill of fare; see also قوم I

مقوم muqawwim estimator, appraiser, assessor; -- (pl. -āt) formative element, constituent factor; O rectifier, detector (el., radio); pl. مقومات elements, constituents, components, formative agents, basic factors, fundamentals | مقومات الحياة m. al-ḥayāh means of subsistence; earthly possessions; مقومات الجمال m. al-jamāl cosmetics; العمران m. al-‘umrān cultural factors

مقوم muqawwam highly creditable, valuable, valued, treasured, prized; pl. مقومات valuable possessions, valuables; assets, values

مقاوم muqāwim resisting, resistent, reluctant, averse, unwilling; opponent, adversary, antagonist

مقيم muqim raising, lifting up, setting up, erecting, etc. j remaining, staying, abiding, lingering; permanent, lasting, enduring; persistent; living, residing, resident, domiciled; re8ident (dipl.) | مقيم بواجباته (bi-wājibātihī) dutiful, conscientious, loyal; مقيم عام (āmm) Resident General (Tun.)

مقيمي muqīmī residential

مقيمية muqīmīya residentship, residency

مقام muqām raised, set up, erected, etc.; pending (legal action); stay, sojourn; abode, habitat, whereabouts; place of residence; duration of stay; see also under قمّ

مستقيم mustaqīm upright, erect; straight; dead straight, straight as a die; directed straight ahead; correct, right, sound, proper, in order; even, regular, symmetrical, proportionate, harmonious; honest, straightforward, upright, righteous, honorable; (pl. -āt) a straight, straight line (math.); reotum (anat.)

قومسير (Fr. commissaire) qomisēr commissioner

قومندان (Fr. commandant) qomandān commander, commandant

قونة qūna pl. قون quwan icon; image of a saint

قونية qōniya2 Konya (city in Anatolia)

قوه II to shriek, scream, yell, cry, shout

قوي qawiya a (قوة qūwa) to he or become strong, vigorous, forceful, mighty; to become stronger, increase in power, gain ascendancy; to be able to do s.th. (على in or about s.th.), have influence (على over s.th.); to he able to cope (على with s.th.), be able to manage or tackle (على s.th.); to be superior (على to s.o.); -- (قي qiyy, قواية qawāya) to he depopulated, deserted, forsaken, desolate (place); -- (قوى qawan) to starve, be starved; to be denied, he withheld (rain) II to make strong or vigorous, strengthen, fortify, consolidate, invigorate, brace (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to encourage, hearten, embolden (ه s.o.); to intensify (هـ s.th.) III to vie or compete in strength (ه with s.o.); to equal, match (ه s.o.) IV to be poor; to be empty, deserted, forsaken, desolate (place) V to be or become strong; to intensify, become stronger; to take heart, take courage VIII to claim for o.s. (هـ s.th.) X = V

قواء qawā’, qiwā’ and قي qiyy desert, wasteland, desolate country

قواء qawā’ and قوى qawan hunger, starvation

قوة qūwa pl. -āt, قوى quwan strength; vigor; potency; power, force; intensity; violence, vehemence; courage, pluck; faculty, ability, capability, aptitude; efficacy, efficiency, potential; O (electric) energy, power, capacity, output; armed force, troop; قوات qūwāt armed forces; troops|بالقوة forcibly, by force; inherently, virtually (philos.); بقوة وجلاء bi-qūwatin wa-jalā’in (to speak) loud and distinctly; منسرق القوة munsariq al-q. weakened, debilitated, effete, exhausted, spent; قوة احتياطية (iḥtiyāṭīyaī) reserves (mil.); قوة الإذاعة q. al-idā‘a transmitting power (radio); قوة الإرادة q. al-irāda will power; قوة الاستمرار inertia; قوة حافظة memory; قوة الحدود frontier guard, border guard; قوة خفيفة light, mobile task force (mil.); O قوة دافعة كهربائية (kahrabā’īya) electromotive force, e.m.f.; قوة دفاعية (difā‘īya) total defense potential; O قوة سطحية (saṭḥīya) surface task force (navy); قوة الشراء purchasing power; قوة الصوت q. aṣ-ṣaut volume, intensity (radio) قوة عاقلة intellectual power, faculty of perception; قوة عراك combat force; قوة على العمل (‘amal) working power; output capacity; قوة القانون legal force; قوة قاهرة force majeure; قوة مركزية (markazīya) central power; O قوة مركزية جاذبة centripetal force; O قوة مركزية طاردة centrifugal force; قوة مضادة للطائرات (muḍādda) antiaircraft defense; قوة معنوية (ma‘nawīya) moral strength, morale, spirit; قوة q. an-nabt germinative faculty; قوة نظامية (niẓāmīya) regular army; قوات برية وبحرية وجوية (barrīya wa-baḥrīya wa-jawwīya) ground, sea, and air forces; العاب القوى athletics, specif., track and field

قوي qawīy pl. اقوياء aqwiyā’2 strong; vigorous; potent; mighty, powerful, forceful; intense, violent, vehement i firm, solid, robust, hardy, sturdy | قوى العارضة eloquent, quick, witted

اقوى aqwā stronger

تقوية taqwiya strengthening; fortification, consolidation; intensification; encouragement

تقاوي taqāwī (eg.) seed (for sowing)

اقواء iqwā’ depopulation; imperfect rhyme (change of the vowel following the rhyme letter)

مقو muqawwin strengthening, fortifying, invigorating; corroborant; (pl. مقويات muqawwiyāt) a restorative, tonic, cordial, corroborant; O amplifier (radio)

مقوى muqawwan strengthened, reinforced, stiffened, stiff|ورق مقوى (waraq) cardboard, pasteboard

قى qiyy see قوى

(قىء) قاء qā’a i (قيء qay’) to vomit II to cause (ه s.o.) to vomit (of an emetic) V = I

قياء quyā’ vomit, that which is vomited

مقيئ muqayyi’ pl. مقيئات muqayyi’āt a vomitive, an emetic| الجوز المقيئ (jauz) nux vomica

قيتار qītār pl. قياتير qayātīr2, قيثار qītār and قيثارة qītāra pl. قياثير qayātīr2, a guitar; lyre

(قاح) قيح qāḥa i (qaiḥ) to suppurate, fester, be purulent II and V do.

قيح qaiḥ pl. قيوح quyūḥ pus, matter

تقيح taqayyuḥ suppuration, maturation, purulence

متقيح mutaqayyiḥ suppurative, festering, purulent

1 قيد II to bind, tie, fetter, shackle (ب ه s.o. with; also fig.: to bind or tie s.o. to); to limit, restrict, confine, qualify (هـ s.th.); to impose restrictions (هـ, ه on s.o., on s.th.), set bounds (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), curb, check (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to fix, determine, lay down, specify, stipulate (هـ s.th.); to write, write down, note down (هـ s.th.), make a note, take notes (هـ of) ; to enter, book (هـ s.th.) ; to register, record (هـ s.th., also fig., of the eyes); to enroll (ه s.o., in a list or register); to charge (على هـ s.th. to s.o.,s account), debit (على هـ with s.th. s.o.); to place s.th. (هـ ) to s.o.’s credit (ل ), credit (ل هـ with s.th. s.o.) V pass. Of II; to bind o.s., be bound (ب to, by, e.g., by an obligation); to be limited, restricted; to enroll, have one’s name registered

قيد qaid pl. قيود quyūd (also اقياد aqyād) fetter, shackle, chain; bond, tie; strap, thong; recording, record, booking, entering, entry, registering, registration, registry; enrollment (e.g., at matriculation); fixation, determination, specification, stipulation; document; limitation, confinement, restriction, qualification, reservation; condition, proviso; amount, measure, degree; distance|قيد الاسنان gum(s); قيد الانساب genealogical tree; family tree; من غير قيد او روابط without any reservation, without qualification; بلا قيد ولا شرط (šarṯ) without any reservation, without qualification; with no strings attached; unconditional; قلم القيودات qalam al-quyūdāt bureau of vital statistics, (G.B.) (general) register office; بقيد الحياة bi-q. il-ḥayāh or على قيد الحياة (still) alive, living; قيد شعرة qaida ša‘ratin, by a hairbreadth, within 80 hair’s breadth; لا قيد انملة la qaida unmulatin not one inch, not one iota; على قيد ساعات معدودة (q. sā‘atin) within a few hours; على قيد عشرة كيلومترات at a distance of 1o km; عن قيد البصر (q. il-baṣar) within sight

قيد qaida (prep.) under subject to, the object of, in the process of, in the stage of| المشروع قيد الدرس (dars) the project is being studied, is under consideration; المسألة قيد البحث (mas’ala, baḥt) the affair is subject to investigation, is being investigated

قيدى qaidī booking-, registration, (in compounds), e.g., رسوم قيدية booking fees, registration fees

تقييد taqyīd pl. –āt, تقاييد taqāyīd2 fattering, shackling, tying, binding; reservation, qualification; limitation, restriction, confinement, curtailment; entry, registry, registration, booking|تقييد النسل t. an-nas1 birth control; رسم التقييد rasm al-t. registration fee

تقيد taqayyud pl. -āt a being bound, obligation, tie, bond; restriction, limitation, confinement

مقيد muqayyad fettered, shackled, bound, tied, tied down; limited, restricted, confined; booked, registered|غير مقيد unlimited, unrestricted; ملك مقيد (mulk) constitutional monarchy

2 قياد and قيادة see قود

قير II to tar, pitch (هـ s.th.)

قار qār end قير qīr tar; pitch

قيراط qīrāṯ pl. قراريط qarārīt2 inch; a dry measure (Eg. = 1/33 قدح = 0.064 l); a square measure (Eg. = 1/24 فدان = 175.035 m2); karat, a weight (Eg. = 1/16 درهم = 0.195 g)

قيروان qairawān pl. -āt caravan

القيروان al-qairawān Kairouan (city in NE Tunisia)

(قيس) قاس qāsa i (qais, قياس qiyās) to measure, gauge, measure out (هـ s.th.), take the measurements (هـ of); to try on (هـ a garment); to weigh, judge (هـ s.th., ب, على by analogy with s.th. else), drew analogous conclusions (على from s.th., هـ for s.th. else); to compare, correlate, bring into relation (على or ب هـ s.th. with, also الى هـ ), proportion (على or y هـ s.th. to, also الى هـ)|وقس عليه wa-qis ‘alaihī end so forth II to measure (هـ s.th.) III to compare (بين الشيئين between two things, هـ s.th., الى or ب with or to) VIII to measure (هـ s.th.); to imitate, follow (ب s.o.), take after s.o. (ب )

قياس qiyās pl. -āt, اقيسة aqyisa measure, measurement, dimension; scale; exemplar, example; reference, relation; record (athlet.); comparison; analogy; deduction by analogy|قياسا على ذلك by analogy (with it), analogously (to it); correspondingly; بالقياس الى in comparison with, (as) compared to; in proportion to, in relation with; with reference to, with respect to, with regard to; على القياس by analogy; regular; after the model, accordant with the model; بغير قياس illogical; أخذ قياسه to take s.o.’s measure (tailor); متناسب القياس mutanāsib al-q. fitting together, well matched; equal in proportion, commensurate, commensurable; قياس عالمى (‘ālamī) world record; قياس فاسد wrong inference, false conclusion, fallacy, sophism, paralogism; شريط القياس tape measure, tapeline

قياسى qiyāsī accordant with analogy, analogous; consistent with the model, pattern, rule, or norm; comparable, by comparison; logical|رقم قياسى (raqm) record (athlet.)

قياس qayyās land surveyor, geodesist

مقياس miqyās pl. مقاييس maqāyīs2 measure, measurement; amount, quantity, magnitude; measuring instrument, gauge, water gauge, tide gauge; scale (e.g., of a map); standard; standard of judging, criterion; unit of measure; المقياس Nilometer| تحت المقياس substandard; O مقياس التيار m. at-tayyār ammeter; O مقياس الجهد m. al-jahd voltmeter; O مقياس الحرارة m. al-ḥarāra thermometer; O مقياس الزلزال m. az-zalāzil seismograph, seismometer; O مقياس الزوايا m. az-zawāyā protactor; O مقياس الكهربائية m. al-kahrabā’īya electrometer; O مقياس المطر m. al-maṯar rain gauge, pluviometer, ombrometer, ombrograph; O مقياس المغنطيسية m. al-magnaṯīya magnetometer; مقياس التنفس m. at-tanaffus spirometer; مقاييس الاطوال measures of length, linear measures; مقاييس المسطحات m. al-musaṯṯaḥāt square measures; O مقاييس السطوح do.; مقاييس الحجم m. al-ḥajm cubic measures; مقاييس الكيل m. al-kail measures of capacity, dry measures, liquid measures

مقاس maqās pl. –āt measuring, mensuration; gauging; measurement, dimension, size; pl. مقاسات dimensions

مقايسة muqāyasa measuring, mensuration, gauging; comparison; appraisal, valuation, estimation by analogy; (preliminary) estimate (of coots); relation, rate, rates, proportion; detailed listing, specification; itemized list (of services, quantities, prices)

قيسرى qaisarī pl. قياسر qayāsir2, قياسرة qayāsira big, large, huge, enormous

قيسرية qaisarīya2 Caesarea (ancient seaport in Palestine)

قياسرية qayāsirīya pl. قياسر qaysir2 large block of public buildings with stores, workshops, etc., roofed market place, bazaar; qaisarīya2 Caesarea (ancient seaport in Palestine)

قايش pl. قوايش look up alphabetically

قيشانى qīšānī faience; porcelain, china

قيصانة qaiṣāna sunfish, moonfish

قيصر qaiṣar pl. قياصر qayāṣir2, قياصرة qayāṣira Caesar; emperor, kaiser; tsar

قيصرى qaiṣarī Caesarean; imperial; tsarist| العملية القيصرية (‘amalīya) Caesarean section (med.)

قيصرية qaiṣarīya kaiserdom, Caesarism, imperialism, empire; imperial dignity; tsarism; Caesarean section (med.); large lock of public buildings with stores, workshops, etc., roofed marked place, bazaar; Caesarea (ancient seaport in Palestine)

قاض (قيض ) qaḍā i (qaiḍ) to break, crack, split, cleave, burst open (هـ s.th); to get broken, crack, burst; to exchange (من هـ s.th. for) II to foreordain, destine (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.; of God); to lead, send (ه s.o., ل to s.o; of God) III to exchange, give in exchange (ب هـ ه to s.o. s.th. for) V and VII to burst, crack, get broken, break; to collapse, fall in, cave in, tumble down

قيض qaiḍ eggshell; barter, exchange; article of exchange, barter object, equivalent

قياض qiyāḍ barter, exchange

مقايضة muqāyaḍa barter, exchange; barter trade, bartering; trading, barter (Isl. Law); compensation, barter transaction, barter deal

قيطان see قطن

قيطوس qīṯūs Cetus (astron.)

قيظ qaiẓ heat of summer; high summer, mid-summer, dog days; lack of rain, drought, aridity| قيظ النهار q. an-nahār daytime heat

مقيظ maqīẓ summer residence

قائظ qā’iẓ scorchingly hot, midsummery, canicular

قيف II to follow (هـ s.o.’s tracks); to study, examine, investigate (هـ s.th.); to criticize (هـ s.th.)

قيافة qiyāfa tracking, pursuit (of a track); make-up, guise, costume

قيقب qaiqab maple (bot.)

1 قال (قيل ) qāla i (qail, قائلة qā’ila, قيلولة qailūla, قيل qīl) to take a midday nap; to hold siesta II do. IV to abolish, repeal, annul (هـ s.th.); to cancel, abrogate, rescind, revoke (هـ s.th., esp. a sale); to depose, dismiss, discharge (هـ s.o.; also with من المنصب min al-manṣib from his office); to free, release, exempt (ه s.o., من from an obligation)|اقال الله عثرتك (‘atrataka) may God regard your offence as undone; اقاله من عثرته (‘atratihī) to steady one who has stumbled X to demand the cancellation, seek the abrogation (هـ of a sale); to ask (ه s.o.) for exemption, release, or annulment; to request to be released from office, tender one’s resignation, resign (من or عن from an office); to resign one’s commission, quit the service; to ask s.o.’s (ه ) pardon, apologize (ه to s.o.)

قيل qail pl. اقيال aqyāl princeling; chief, chieftain

قيلولة qailūla siesta; midday nap

مقيل maqīl resting place, halting place

اقالة iqāla cancellation, abrogation, rescission, revocation (esp. of a sale); abolishment, abolition, repeal, annulment; deposition, dismissal, discharge from an office

استقالة istiqāla resignation, withdrawal (from office); retirement

قائلة qā’la midday nap; noon, midday

مستقيل mustaqīl resigned from office, retired, discharged

2 قيلة qīla, قيلة مائية (mā’īya) hydrocele (med.)

قيام , قيمة, قيم and قيوم see قوم

قين qain pl. قيون quyūn blacksmith

قينة qaina pl. -āt, قيان qiyān songstress, singer; lady’s maid

مقينة muqayyina lady’s maid

ك

ك ka (with foll. genit.) as, like; all but, as good as; as, in my (your, etc.) capacity of | كالأول ka-l-awwali as before, as at the beginning, as from the outset; كهذا ka-hādā such, e.g., رجل كهذا rajulun kahādā such a man, a man like this; هم كالمجمعين على ذلك (ka-l-mujmi‘īna) they are as good as unanimous about it, they are practically agreed on it; انا كمسلم anā kamuslimin I (in my capacity) as a Muslim

كأن ka-anna (conj. introducing a nominal clause) as if, as though; it is (was) as if | كأني بها ka-annī bihā (with imperf.) it is like seeing her before me; I am under the impression that she …, it looks to me as if she ...

كذا ka-dā so, thus, that way; so and so, such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so many | كذا مكذا so and so, such and such, so-and-so much, so-and-so many; وكذا بمكان كذا bi-makāni k. at such and such a place; عمره كذا سنوات ‘umruhū k. sanawāt his age is so-and-so many years

كذلك ka-dālika so, like this, thus; equally; likewise

كما ka-mā (conj. introducing a verbal clause) as, just as, as also, as on the other hand; (introducing a main clause) equally, likewise, as well | كما ان ka-mā anna (introducing a nominal clause) as, just as quite as, as also, as on the other hand; كما هو such as it is; as things are, such being the matter; كما لو كان حاضرا if as if he were present

مدينة الكاب madīnat al-kāb Cape Town

كئب ka’iba a (كأب ka’b, كأبة ka’ba, كآبة ka’āba) to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (على about, ل because of), be worried (ل by, because of) IV to sadden, aggrieve, distress, worry (ه s.o.); to depress, dishearten, discourage (ه s.o.) VIII to be dejected, dispirited, downcast, sad (على about, ل because of), be worried (ل by, because of); to be gloomy

كأب ka’b, كأبة ka’ba, كآبة ka’āba and اكتئاب ikti’āb sorrow, grief, distress, sadness, dejection, depression, gloom, melancholy

كئب ka’ib and كئيب ka’īb sad, dispirited, dejected, downcast, depressed, melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave

مكتئب mukta’ib sad, dispirited, dejected, downcast, depressed, melancholy; gloomy, morose; grave; dark-colored, blackish, dismal

1 كابل (Fr. cable) kabil cable

2 كابل kābul2 Kabul (capital of Afghanistan)

ابلي kābūlī Kabuli, of Kabul; (eg.) mahogany wood

كابين (Fr. cabine) kābīn pl. كبائن kabā’in2, كباين kabāyin2 cabin

كاتدرائية kātidrā’īya cathedral

كاثوليكي kātūlīkī Catholic; a Catholic; see also كثلك

كاخية kākiya pl. كواخ kawākin butler, steward

1 كاد kād anacardium (bot.) | كاد هندي (hindī) cashew tree (Anacardium occidentale; bot.)

2 كأد ka’ada a to be sad, distressed, worried

كأداء ka’dā’2 sadness, sorrow, distress, grief; fear; dark night | عقبة كأداء (‘aqaba) insurmountable obstacle

كؤود ka’ūd: عقبة كؤود (‘aqaba) insurmountable obstacle

كادر (Fr. cadre) kādir cadre (of a military unit, of a governmental agency, of a corporation, etc.), skeleton organization, skeleton unit, skeleton crew (of a naval unit)

كادميوم kadmiyom cadmium

كار kār pl. -āt work, job, occupation, business; calling, vocation, profession, trade | ابن كار ibn k. (eg.) artisan, craftsman; ارباب الكارات artisans, craftsmen; عداوة الكار ‘adāwat al-k. professional jealousy, trade rivalry

كارتون kartōn cardboard, pasteboard; (pl. -āt) carton

كاردينال kardīnāl pl. كرادلة karādila cardinal

كارى = كرى karrī curry

كاريكاتورية karīkātūrīya caricature, cartoon

كاز = غاز gāz gas

كازينو kāzīnō pl. كازينوهات kāzīnōhāt casino

كأس ka’s f., pl. كؤوس ku’ūs, كئاس ki’ās, كأسات ka’sāt cup; drinking glass, tumbler; goblet; chalice, calix; calyx (bot.)

كساتا kāsātā cassata (Italian ice cream)

كاغط kāgiṭ (mor.) paper

كاف kāf name of the letter ك

كافور kāfūr camphor, camphor tree; (eg.) blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Lab.; bot.)

كاكنج kākinj, kākanj alkekengi, ground cherry (Physalis alkekengi; bot.)

كالو (It. callo) kallō pl. كالوهات corn (on the toes)

كالون gālōn gallon; -- (eg.) kālūn and كيلون kailūn pl. كوالين kawālīn2 lock (of a door)

كواليني kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith

كامبوديا kambōdiyā Cambodia

كامبيو (It. cambio) kombiyō rate of exchange

كامخ kāmak, kāmik pl. كوامخ kawāmik2 vinegar sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles

كاميرا kāmērā camera

كاميه kāmīh cameo (precious stone)

سوق الكانتو sūq al-kantō rag fair, secondhand market

كانتين kantīn post exchange, canteen

كاهية kāhiya pl. كواه kawāhin chief officer of a كهاية kihāya (Tun.); deputy, vice-, under-, sub- (Tun.)

كاوتشق kautšuq rubber, caoutchouc

كب kabba u (kabb) to prostrate, throw prostrate (لوجهه li-wajhihī or على وجهه ه s.o.); to overturn, overthrow, topple, upset, capsize, turn upside down, revert, invert (هـ s.th.); to pour out, pour away (هـ a liquid) II to ball, roll or form into a ball, conglomerate (هـ s.th.) IV to throw down, prostrate, bend down, bow down (ه s.o.); to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend, bow, lean (على over s.th.); to apply o.s. eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (على to s.th.) VII to fall prostrate (على وجهه ); to throw o.s. down, prostrate o.s.; to bend, bow, lean (على over); to apply o.s. eagerly, devote o.s., dedicate o.s. (على to); to nestle (على against); to be reverted, be inverted, be overturned, be upset, be toppled, get knocked over; to be poured away | انكب على قدميه (qadamaihi) to throw o.s. at s.o.’s feet, prostrate o.s. before s.o.

كب kabb prostration; overthrow, overturn, reversal; bending, tilting, inclination

كبة kubba pl. كبب kubab ball; clew, hank; ball of thread, hank of yarn; (syr., ir.) a kind of meatballs made of bulgur, onions, minced meat and piñons; (eg.) bubo, plague boil

كباب kabāb fried or broiled meat; cabobs, meat roasted in small pieces on a skewer; a kind of meatballs made of finely chopped meat (syr., eg.) | كباب صيني (ṣīnī; eg.) cubeb (Piper cubeba Tr.; bot.)

كبابة kabāba, kubāba cubeb (Piper cubeba; bot.)

كبيبة (eg.) kubēba a kind of meatballs, hamburgers | كبيبة بطاطس (eg.) baked potato dough stuffed with minced meat, meat patties

كباية kubbāya pl. -āt drinking glass, tumbler

مكب mikabb pl. -āt, مكاب makābb2 ball of thread, hank of yarn; reel of thread, bobbin, spool, reel

اكباب ikbāb devotion, dedication (على to s.th.); occupation (على with), pursuit (على of)

انكباب inkibāb devotion, dedication (على to s.th.); occupation (على with), pursuit (على of)

مكب mukibb devoted, dedicated, addicted, given over (على to), intent (على on), wholeheartedly engaged (على in)

منكب munkabb devoted, dedicated, addicted, given over (على to), intent (على on), wholeheartedly engaged (على in)

كباريه (Fr. cabaret) kabārēh pl. -āt cabaret

1 كبت kabata i (kabt) to put down, crush, suppress, repress, stifle, subdue, restrain, curb (هـ s.th.) | كبت غيظه في جوفه (gaiẓahū fī jaufihī) to suppress one’s anger; كبت انفاسه (anfāsahū) to get s.o. out of breath

كبت kabt suppression, repression

2 كبوت kabbūt pl. كبابيت kabābīt2 hood, cowl; hooded mantle; top of a carriage or automobile

كبتولة kabtūla lump, chunk; ball; pellet

مكبتل mukabtal round

كبتن (Engl.) kabtan captain (military rank)

كبح kabaḥa a (kabḥ) to rein in (هـ a horse); to check, curb, control (هـ s.th.); to hamper, hinder, prevent, detain, restrain, hold back (عن ه s.o. from) | كبح جماحه (jimāḥahū) to curb s.o.’s defiance, repress s.o. or s.th.

كبح kabḥ curbing, checking, subdual, restraint, control; suppression, repression; hindering, prevention

O مكبح mikbaḥ brake (of an automobile)

كبد kabada u i (kabd) to affect severely, afflict gravely, wear out, wear down (ه s.o.; of pain, losses, etc.) II to cause (هـ ه to s.o. s.th., esp. losses), inflict (هـ ه upon s.o. s.th., esp. losses); to culminate, pass through the meridian (star); to reach its climax III to bear, suffer, endure, undergo, sustain, stand (هـ s.th.) V to bear, suffer, endure, undergo, sustain, stand (هـ losses, hardships, etc.); to have to take upon o.s. (هـ s.th.), be exposed (هـ to); to bear, defray (هـ costs); to take up the center, step into the middle (هـ of a place); to be in the zenith, culminate

كبد kabid, kabd, kibd m. and f., pl. اكباد akbād, كبود kubūd liver; interior, heart; middle, center; -- kabid, kabad center of the sky, zenith

كباد kubād liver ailment

كباد kabbād, kubbād name of several citrus plants (Citrus medica Risso, Citrus Bigaradia Duh., also Zollikoferia spinosa B.; eg.); kabbād (syr.) citron (Citrus medica)

1 كبر kabara u (kabr) to exceed in age (ب ه s.o. by), be older (ه than s.o., ب so-and-so much); -- kabura u (kubr, kibar, كبارة kabāra) to be or become great, big, large; to grow, increase, augment, become greater, bigger or larger; to become famous, gain significance, become important; to become too great, too big, toe large (عن for s.th.); to disdain (عن s.th.); to become toe oppressive, too painful, too distressing, too burdensome; to appear intolerable (الى to s.o.); to become too difficult, too hard (الى for s.o.), appear insurmountable (الى to s.o.) II to make great(er), big(ger), large(r), enlarge, magnify, enhance, aggrandize (هـ s.th.); to extend, expand, widen, amplify (هـ s.th.); to increase, augment (هـ s.th.); to intensify (هـ s.th.); to exaggerate, play up (هـ s.th.); to aggravate, make worse (هـ s.th.); to praise, laud, extol, exalt, glorify, celebrate (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to exclaim allāhu akbar III to treat haughtily, with disdain, with contempt (ه s.o.); to seek to excel, try to surpass, strive to outdo (ه s.o.); to contend, vie, strive, contest (ه with s.o.); to oppose, resist, contradict (ه s.o.); to renege, renounce (هـ s.th.), offend (هـ against), act contrary (هـ to); to stickle, insist stubbornly on one’s opinion IV to consider great, deem significant, regard as formidable (هـ s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (ه s.o.); to show respect (ه to s.o.), he deferential (ه toward s.o.); to admire (ها s.th.) V and VI to be proud or haughty, give o.s. airs, swagger; to be overweening, overbearing (على toward s.o.) X to deem great or important (هـ s.th.); to be proud, haughty, display arrogance (على toward s.o.)

كبر kibr bigness, largeness, magnitude; greatness, eminence, grandeur; significance, importance; standing, prestige; nobility; pride, haughtiness, presumption, arrogance

كبر kubr greatness, eminence, grandeur; bigness, largeness, magnitude; size, bulk, extent, expanse; power, might; glory, fame, renown, standing, prestige; nobility; main part, bulk

كبر kibar bigness, largeness, magnitude; greatness, eminence, grandeur; old age

كبرة kabra old age

كبير kabīr pl. كبار kibār, كبراء kubarā’2 great, big, large, sizable; bulky, voluminous, spacious; extensive, comprehensive; significant, considerable, formidable, huge, vast, enormous; powerful, influential, distinguished, eminent; important; old | كبير امراء البحار k. umara’ al-b. Admiral of the Fleet (Eg.); كبيرة الخدم k. al-kadam female head of the houaehold staff; كبير الأساقفة k. al-asāqifa archbishop; كبير السن k. as-sinn old; كبير القضاة k. al-quḍāh chief justice, chief magistrate; ابو كبير (abū) asafetida, devil’s dung (pharm.); كل صغيرة وكبيرة every single detail; كبار الضباط k. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ senior officers; كبار الموظفين k. al-muwaẓẓafīn senior officials; كبار الهيئات k. al-hai’āt the leading personalities of public corporations

كبيرة kabīra pl. -āt, كبائر kabā’ir2, كبر kubur great sin, grave offense, Atrocious crime

كبار kubār, kubbār very great, very big, huge

كبرياء kibriyā’ grandeur, glory, magnificence, majesty; pride, haughtiness, presumption, arrogance

اكبر akbar2 pl. -ūn, اكابر akābir2, f. كبرى kubrā, pl. كبريات kubrayāt greater, bigger, larger; older; senior-ranking | المفتي الأكبر (muftī) grand mufti; سوريا الكبرى (sūriyā) Greater Syria; أكابر القوم a. al-qaum the leaders of the people; الأكابر والأعيان the grandees and notables

تكبير takbīr enlargement, increase, augmentation, magnification; enhancement, aggrandizement; intensification, amplification; exaggeration; augmentative (gram.); praise, laudation, extolment, exaltation, glorification; the exclamation الله اكبر allāhu akbar

مكابرة mukābara haughtiness, superciliousness, overweening, overbearingness; self-importance, pomposity; stubbornness, obstinacy, self-will

اكبار ikbār admiration; deference, respect, regard, esteem

تكبر takabbur and تكابر takābur pride, haughtiness, presumption, arrogance

مكبر mukabbir pl. -āt O amplifier (el.) | مكبر الصوت m. aṣ-ṣaut or مكبر صوت (ṣautī) loud-speaker (radio); نظارة مكبرة (naẓẓāra) magnifying glass

مكبرة mukabbira pl. -āt magnifying glass

مكبر mukabbar enlarged, magnified | صورة مكبرة (ṣūra) enlargement, blowup (phot.); بصورة مكبرة increasingly, on a larger scale, to an increasing degree

مكابر mukābir presumptuous, arrogant, supercilious, haughty, overweening; quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous; self-willed, obstinate, stubborn; stickler

متكبر mutakabbir proud, imperious, high-handed, haughty, supercilious, overweening

2 كبر kabar capers; caper shrub

كبرت kabrata to coat with sulfur (هـ s.th.); to sulfurize, sulfurate (هـ s.th.); to vulcanize (هـ s.th.)

كبريت kibrīt sulfur; matches | عود كبريت ‘ūd k. matches, a match

كبريتة kibrīta match, matchstick

كبريتي kibrītī sulfureous, sulfurate, sulfurous, sulfuric | حمام كبريتي (ḥammām) sulfur bath; ينبوع كبريتي (yanbū‘) sulfur spring

كبريتات kibrītāt sulfate

كبري kubrī or كوبري (from Turk. köprü) pl. كباري kabārī bridge; deck

كبس kabasa i (kabs) to exert pressure (على on), press (على s.th. or on s.th.), squeeze (على s.th.); to attack, raid, take by surprise (هـ a place); to intercalate (السنة بيوم as-sanata bi-yaumin a day in a leap year);

to preserve (in vinegar, or the like), pickle (هـ s.th.); to marinate (هـ s.th.); to conserve (هـ s.th.) II to press or squeeze hard (هـ s.th.); to massage (ه s.o.)

كبس kabs pressure, squeeze, pressing; raid, attack; preservation (esp. in vinegar), pickling; intercalation (of a day; astron.)

كبس kabsa (n. vic.) raid, surprise attack

كباس kabbas piston; press; ramrod | O موسى كباس (mūsā) penknife

كبيس kabīs preserved (esp. in vinegar), pickled; pickled food, preserves; intercalary, intercalated, interpolated | سنة كبيسة (sana) leap year

كابوس kābūs pl. كوابيس kawābīs2 night-mare, incubus; terrible vision, phantom, bugbear

كبس mikbas pl. مكابس makābis2 or مكباس mikbās pl. مكابيس makābīs2 press; piston (of a pump); ramrod | مكبس القطن m. al-quṭn cotton press; O مكبس الخطابات letter press, copying press; O مكبس مائي (mā’ī) hydraulic press

تكبيس takbīs massage

O آلة كابسة āla kābisa compressor

مكبوس makbūs raided, attacked; pressed; preserved, pickled; مكبوسات canned goods, conserves

كبسول kabsūl or كبسولة kabsūla capsule; percussion cap, primer, detonator; snap fastener

كبش kabaša u (kabš) to take a handful (هـ of s.th.); to grasp with the hand, clench (هـ s.th.)

كبش kabš pl. كباش kibāš, اكباش akbāš ram, male sheep; bellwether; chieftain, chief, head, leader; battering-ram; pile driver; rammer; (pl. كبوش kubūš)buttress, pier, stay, prop, support; mulberry | كبش التصادم k. at-taṣādum (pl. كبوش ) bumper (railroad); كبوش قرنفل k. qaranful cloves

كبشة kabša a handful; grasp, grip

كبشة kabša ladle, scoop

كبشة kubša pl. كبش kubaš hook, clamp, cramp, brace; clasp, brooch

كبكب kabkaba to topple, upset, capsize, overturn, turn upside down, revert, invert (هـ s.th.); to spill (هـ s.th.)

كبيكج kabīkaj Asiatic crowfoot (Ranunculus Asiaticus; bot.)

1 كبل kabala i (kabl) to put in irons, shackle, fetter (ه s.o.); to keep waiting (ه s.o., هـ for s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt) II to put in irons, shackle, fetter (ه s.o.) III to keep waiting (ه s.o., هـ for s.th., esp. for the payment of a debt), defer, put off (الدين ad-daina the payment of a debt)

كبل kabl, kibl pl. كبول kubūl leg iron, chain, shackle, fetter

كبولي kabūlī and كابولي kābūlī pl. كوابيل kawābīl2 bracket, corbel, console (arch.); lean to roof, pent roof, shed roof (arch.)

2 كابل and كابلي look up alphabetically

كابين pl. كباين look up alphabetically

(كبو) كبا kabā u (kabw, kubūw) to fall forward (لوجهه li-wajhihī on one’s face); to stumble, trip, slip; -- u to empty (هـ a vessel), pour out the contents (هـ of a vessel); to become dim (light); to become dull, fade, lose luster (color); to rise, swirl up (dust) IV to fail, fail to produce a spark (lighter) VII to fail headlong; to stumble, trip, slip

كبوة kabwa (n. vic.) fall, tumble, drop; stumble, trip, slip, false step; dust

كاب kābin dull, dim, pale, dead, flat; slack, weak, decrepit; see كاب alphabetically

كباية see كب

كبوت see2 كبت

كت katta i (katt) to hum softly

كت katt and كتيت katīt soft humming

كتالوج katālōg pl. -āt catalogue

كتب kataba u (katb, كتبة kitba, كتابة kitāba) to write, pen, write down, put down in writing, note down, inscribe, enter, record, book, register (هـ s.th.); to compose, draw up, indite, draft (هـ s.th.); to bequeath, make over by will (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.); to prescribe (على هـ s.th. to s.o.); to foreordain, destine (ل or على هـ s.th. to s.o.; of God); pass. kutiba to be rated, be foreordained, be destined (ل to s.o.) | كتب على نفسه ان to be firmly resolved to ..., make it one’s duty to ...; كتب عنه to write from s.o.’s dictation; كتب كتابه (kitābahū) to draw up the marriage contract for s.o., marry s.o. (على to) II to make (ه s.o.) write (هـ s.th.); to form or deploy in squadrons (هـ troops) III to keep up a correspondence, exchange letters, correspond (ه with s.o.) IV to dictate (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), make (ه s.o.) write (هـ s.th.) VI to write to each other, exchange letters, keep up a correspondence VII to subscribe VIII to write (هـ s.th.); to copy (هـ s.th.), make a copy (هـ of s.th.); to enter one’s name; to subscribe (ل for); to contribute, subscribe (ل ب money to); to be entered, be recorded, be registered X to ask (ه s.o.) to write (هـ s.th.); to dictate (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), make (ه s.o.) write (هـ s.th.); to have a copy made (ه by s.o.)

كتاب kitāb pl. كتب kutub piece of writing, record, paper; letter, note, message; document, deed; contract (esp. marriage contract); book; الكتاب the Koran; the Bible | اهل الكتب ahl a1-k. the people of the Book, the adherents of a revealed religion, the kitabis, i.e., Christians and Jews; كتاب الزواج k. az-zawāj marriage contract; كتاب الطلاق k. aṭ-ṭalāq bill of divorce; كتاب تعليمي (ta‘līmī) textbook; كتاب الاعتماد credentials (dipl.); دار الكتب library

كتبي kutubī pl. -ya bookseller, book-dealer

كتابخانة kitābkāna and كتبخانة kutubkāna library; bookstore

كتاب kuttāb pl. كتاتيب katātīb2 kuttab, Koran school (lowest elementary school)

كتيب kutayyib booklet

كتابة kitāba (act or practice of) writing; art of writing, penmanship; system of writing, script; inscription; writing, legend; placard, poster; piece of writing, record, paper; secretariat; written amulet, charm; pl. كتابات writings, essays; كتابة kitābatan in writing | بالكتابة written; بدون كتابة bi-dūn k. unwritten, oral; blank; كتابة التاريخ historiography, historical writing; كتابة الدولة k. ad-daula (Magr.) secretariat of stae; كتابة عامة (‘āmma) secretariat general; اسم الكتابة ism al-k. pen name, nom de plume; آلة الكتابة typewriter; لغة الكتابة lugat al-k. literary language; ورق الكتابة waraq al-k. writing paper

كتابي kitābī written, in writing; clerical; literary; scriptural, relating to the revealed Scriptures (Koran, Bible); kitabi, adherent of a revealed religion; the written part (of an examination) | اسلوب كتابي (uslūb) literary style; غلطة كتابية (galṭa) slip of the pen, clerical error; اعمال كتابية clerical work, office work, desk work; الكمال الكتابي (kamāl) literary perfection; لغة كتابية (luga) literary language; موظف كتابي (muwaẓẓaf) clerk, clerical worker (of a government office)

كتيبة katība pl. كتائب katā’ib2 squadron; cavalry detachment; (Eg. 1939) battalion, (Ir. after 1922) regiment, (later) battalion, (Syr.) battalion of armored, cavalry, or motorized, unite (mil.); (piece of) writing, record, paper, document; written amulet

مكتب maktab pl. مكاتب makātib2 office; bureau; business office; study; school, elementary school; department, agency, office; desk | مكتب الأخبار and مكتب الأنباء news agency, press agency, wire service; مكتب البريد post office; مكتب البريد الرئيسي (ra’īsī) main post office; مكتب البرق m. al-barq telegraph office; مكتب التحرير editorial room; مكتب التليفونات telephone central office; مكتب السفريات m. as-safarīyāt (syr.) travel agency; مكتب الصحة m. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa board of health; مكتب الاستعلامات information office, information desk; news agency, press agency, wire service

مكتبة maktaba pl. -āt, مكاتب makātib2 library; bookstore; desk

O مكتاب miktāb typewriter

مكاتبة mukātaba exchange of letters, correspondence

اكتتاب iktitāb enrollment, registration, entering (of one’s name); -- (pl. -āt) subscription; contribution (of funds)

استكتاب istiktāb dictation

استكتابي istiktābī: آلة استكتابية dictaphone

كاتب kātib pl. -ūn, كتاب kuttāb, كتبة kataba writer; scribe, scrivener; secretary; clerk typist; office worker, clerical employee; clerk, registrar, actuary, court clerk; notary; writer, author | كاتب الدولة k. ad-daula (Mag.) (under)secretary of state; كاتب السر k. s-sirr private secretary; كاتب قصصي (qiṣaṣī) writer, novelist; كاتب المحكمة k. al-mahkama court clerk; آلة كاتبة typewriter

كاتبة kātiba pl. -āt woman secretary; authoress, writer

مكتوب maktūb written, written down, recorded; fated, foreordained, destined (ل or على to s.o.); s.th. written, writing; -- (pl. مكاتيب makātīb2) a writing, message, note; letter

مكاتب mukātib correspondent; (newspaper) reporter

مكتتب muktatib subscriber

كتابخانة and كتبخانة see كتب

اكتع akta’ pl. كتع kut’ having crippled fingers; one-armed

كتف katafa i (katf) to fetter, shackle (ه s.o., esp. by tying his hands); to tie up, bind (هـ s.th.) II to tie the hands behind the back; to cross, fold (هـ hands, arms behind the back or in front of the chest) V and X to cross or fold one’s arms VI to stand shoulder to shoulder; to support one another; to be united in solidarity, stand together

كتف katif, katf, kitf pl. اكتاف aktāf, كتفة kitafa shoulder; shoulder blade, scapula; mountain slope; O end support of a bridge; (pl. اكتاف aktāf) buttress, pier | ما هكذا تؤكل الكتف (tu’kalu) that’s certainly not the way to do it! that’s no way to handle it!

كتاف kitāf pl. كتف kutuf shackle, manacle, handcuff

كتف aktaf2, f. كتفاء katfā’2, pl. كتف kutf broad-shouldered

1 كتكت katkat floss, silk waste

2 كتكوت katkūt pl. كتاكيت katākīt2 chicken, chick

كتل katala u (katl) and II to agglomerate, conglomerate, gather into a compact mass, press into a lump (هـ s.th.) V to be heaped up, piled up, agglomerated, clustered, clotted, massed, pressed into a compact mass or lump; to agglomerate, cluster, clot, pile up, gather in a mass; to unite in a bloc or group

كتلة kutla pl. كتل kutal lump, chunk, clod, clot; bulk, mass; cube; block; bloc; beam, joist, transom, lintel, girder | كتل بشرية (bašarīya) crowds, throngs, masses; كتلة الجسد kutlat al-jasad bulk of the body, frame; كتلة من الأعصاب (a‘ṣāb) a fearless, husky fellow; الكتلة الوطنية (waṭanīya) the National Bloc

مكتل miktal pi. مكاتل makatil2 large basket

تكتل takattul formation of blocs (pol.) | سياسة التكتل policy of blocs (pol.)

متكتل mutakattil clotted, lumpy, agglomerate, clustered, massed; concentrated, compact; burly, husky, stocky, heavily built (body)

كتم katama u (katm, كتمان kitmān) to hide (هـ s.th., عن from s.o.); to conceal, secrete, keep secret (هـ s.th., عن from s.o.); to suppress, repress, restrain, check, curb, subdue (هـ anger, passion); to hold (هـ one’s breath); to lower, muffle (هـ the voice); to stifle, smother, quench (هـ fire) | كتم انفاسه to take s.o.’s breath away, drive s.o. out of his senses II to hide, conceal (هـ s.th.) III to hide, conceal, keep, withhold (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.) V to keep silent, hold one’s tongue, keep mum VIII = II X to ask (ه s.o.) to keep (ه a secret); to confide (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.)

كتم katm and كتمان kitmān secrecy, concealment, secretion, silence; restraint, control, suppression (esp. of an emotion)

كتيم katīm shut tight, hermetically sealed, impenetrable, impermeable, impervious

كتوم katūm reticent, reserved, secretive, uncommunicative, taciturn, discreet

كتام kitām (eg.) constipation

تكتم takattum secrecy, secretiveness, reticence, reserve, taciturnity, discretion

اكتتام iktitām concealment, secretion, secrecy, silence

كاتم kātim: كاتم السر k. as-sirr (private) secretary

مكتوم maktūm hidden, concealed, kept, preserved (secret); (eg.) constipated

1 كتن katina a (katan) to be dirty, soiled, smutty, blackened by soot II to smut, soil (هـ s.th.)

كتن katan dirt, smut, soot

2 كتان kattān (kittān) flax; linen

كتاني kattānī made of linen, linen (adj.)

3 كتينة (It. catena) katīna (watch) chain

كث katta i a (كثث katat, كثاثة katāta, كثوثة kutūta) to be thick or dense (esp. hair)

كثث katat thickness, density

كث katt and كثيث katīt thick, dense, thick-grown, densely crowded

كثب katab nearness, proximity, vicinity | على كثب من and عن كثب من in the vicinity (or neighborhood) of, near; من (عن) كثب from nearby, at a short distance

كثيب katīb pl. اكثبة aktiba, كثب kutub, كثبان kutbān sandhill, dune

كثر katara u (katr) to outnumber, exceed in number (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) – katura u (كثرة katra) to be much, many or numerous; to be more (عن than); to happen frequently, occur often; to increase, augment, multiply, grow II to increase, augment, compound, multiply (هـ s.th.) III to outnumber, exceed in number (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to vie in quantity or number (هـ, ه with) IV to do much (من in or of s.th.); to give much or frequently (من ل to s.o. of s.th.); to do constantly,

always or frequently (من or في s.th.); to increase, augment (هـ s.th.) VI to band together, form a gang, rally (على against) X = IV; to regard as too much, deem excessive, find exorbitant (هـ s.th.); to regard as too high, as too troublesome (هـ s.th.); to think not worth the trouble (هـ s.th., على with regard to s.o.); to begrudge (هـ على s.o. s.th.); to demand much, ask for a lot | استكثر بخيره (bi-kairihī) to thank s.o.

كثر kutr large quantity, abundance, plenty; major portion, greater part

كثرة katra large quantity, great number, multitude, abundance, copiousness, numerousness, frequency, multiplicity, plurality; majority, major portion (من of) | بكثرة plentifully, abundantly, a lot; جمع الكثرة jam‘ al-k. plural of multitude (gram.)

كثير katīr pl. كثار kitār much, many, numerous, abundant, plentiful, copious; frequent; a large portion, a great deal, a great many, a lot; الكثير the most part, most (من of); كثيرا katīran very, much, to a large extent; often, frequently | كثيرا ما katīran mā often, frequently; بكثير (after a comparative) far, by far; الكثير من, الكثيرون من the majority of, most of; plenty of, a great many, a lot of; كثير على too much for; الشيء الكثير most of it; هذا كثير that’s pretty strong! that’s laying it on thick! في كثير من الأوقات and في احيان كثيرة frequently, often

كثيراء katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from tragacanth

اكثر aktar2 more; oftener, more frequently; more numerous; longer; most; major portion, greater part, majority; الأكثرون the majority, most of them | اكثر فاكثر more and more; على الأكثر at most; latest; اكثر الأمر aktara l-amr at best; اكثر من ذلك besides, moreover

اكثرية aktarīya majority

مكثار miktār very talkative, garrulous

تكثير taktīr increase, augmentation, multiplication. propagation, ample provision, abundant supply

اكثار iktār increase, augmentation, multiplication, propagation, ample provision, abundant supply; raising, increase (esp. of the yield)

تكاثر takātur growth, increase; multiplication, propagation, proliferation

مكثر muktir rich, well-to-do

متكاثر mutakātir numerous, extensive; manifold, multifarious, multiple | متكاثر الرقاع m. ar-riqā‘ patched in numerous places

كثف katufa u (كثافة katāfa) to be thick or dense; to thicken, be condensed, become thicker or denser II to make thick or dense, thicken, compress, solidify, concentrate (هـ s.th.); to inspissate, condense (هـ s.th.); O (el.) to increase the capacity V and VI to grow denser, become concentrated; to thicken, become viscous; to be condensed

كثيف katīf pl. كثاف kitāf thick; dense; compact; heavy, coarse, crude; viscous, sirupy (e.g., sauce)

كثافة katāfa thickness; density; heaviness; solidity, firmness; compactness, fullness, intensity; consistency, degree of density or viscosity; O capacity (el.) | كثافة السكان k. as-sukkān density of population; O كثافة الصوت k. aṣ-ṣaut sonority, sound intensity

تكثيف taktīf compression, concentration, solidification; condensation

تكاثف takātuf concentration, consolidation; condensation

مكثف mukattif pl. -āt capacitor, condenser | مكثف متغير (mutagayyir) variable capacitor (radio)

مكثف mukattaf condensed

متكاثف mutahātif massing, concentrating, gathering, piling up; dense

كثلك II takatlaka to become (a) Catholic

كثوليكي katūlīkī pl. كثلكة katlaka Catholic; a Catholic

الكثلكة al-katlaka Catholicism

كثيراء katīrā’2 tragacanth (Astragalus gummifer Lab.; bot.); gum obtained from tragacanth

كح kaḥḥa u to cough

كحة kuḥḥa cough

كحت kaḥata a and II (eg.) to scrape off, scratch off (هـ s.th.)

كحكح kaḥkaḥa to cough, cough slightly, hack

كحكحة kaḥkaḥa short, dry cough

كحل kaḥala u a (kaḥl) and II to rub, paint or smear (with kohl) (هـ the eyes) V and VIII to color (the edges of) the eyelids with kohl | ما اكتحل غماضا (غمضا ) (gamīḍan, gimāḍan, gumḍan) to find no sleep

كحل kuḥl pl. اكحال akḥāl antimony; kohl, a preparation of pulverized antimony used for darkening (the edges of) the eyelids; any preparation for coloring the eyelids

كحل kaḥal black coloring (of the edges) of the eyelids

كحل kaḥil darkened with kohl, dyed black (eyelids)

كحلي kuḥlī dark blue, navy blue

كحلة kuḥla (eg.) pointing, filling or grouting of the joints (of a wall; masonry)

اكحل akḥal2, f. كحلاء kaḥlā’2, pl. كحل kuḥl black (eye); الأكحل the medial arm vein

كحلاء kaḥlā’ (eg.) a variety of blueweed (Echium cericeum V.; bot.)

كحيل kaḥīl pl. كحائل kaḥā’il2 black, dyed black, darkened with kohl (eyelid); horse of noblest breed

كحول kuḥūl alcohol, spirit

كحولي kuḥūlī alcoholic, spirituous

كحيلي kuḥailī and كحيلان kuḥailān horse of noblest bread

كحال kiḥāl antimony powder, eye powder

كحال kaḥḥāl eye doctor, oculist (old designation)

مكحل mikḥal and مكحال mikḥāl kohl stick, pencil for darkening the eyelids

مكحلة mikḥala pl. مكاحل makāḥil2 kohl container, kohl jar; solar quadrant; (syr.) rifle, gun

تكحيل takḥīl treatment of the eyes with kohl

كاحل kāḥil pl. كواحل kawāḥil2 anklebone

كخية kikya and كاخية kākiya pl. كواخ kawākin butler, steward

كد kadda u (kadd) to work hard, exert o.s., toil, labor, slave; to fatigue, wear out, overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (ه s.o.) II to chase away, drive away (ه s.o.) VIII and X to urge, drive, rush (ه s.o.); to wear out, overwork, exhaust, weary, tire (ه s.o.)

كد kadd trouble, pains, labor, toil, hard work

كدود kadūd industrious, hard-working, diligent

مكدود makdūd worn out, exhausted, overworked

كدح kadaḥa a (kadḥ) to exert o.s., work hard, toil, labor, slave (في in or with s.th.) VIII to earn a living (لعياله li-‘iyālihī for one’s family)

كدح kadḥ exertion, toil, labor, drudgery

1 كدر kadura u and kadira a (kadar, كدارة kadāra, كدور kudūra, كدور kudūr, كدرة kudra) to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled (liquid); -- kadira a (kadar, كدرة kudra) to be muddy, cloudy, blackish, dingy, flat, swarthy, grimy (color); (kadar, كدورة kudūra) to be dreary, unhappy (life); to be angry (على with s.o.) II to render turbid, to roil, muddy (هـ s.th.), trouble, disturb, spoil, ruffle (هـ s.th., على for s.o., e.g., s.o.’s peace of mind); to grieve, worry, trouble, vex, irritate, annoy, molest, disturb, distress (هـ s.o.) V to be turbid, roily, muddy, roiled, troubled; to be angry, be sore (من at s.th.), feel offended, be annoyed, be displeased (من by s.th.), be peeved (من at, about) VII to become turbid, muddy, dull, flat; to swoop down (bird)

كدر kadar turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, opaqueness, roiledness; worry, sorrow, grief, distress, vexation, irritation, annoyance

كدرة kudra turbidity, muddiness, cloudiness, roiledness, impurity; dingy color, dinginess

كدرة kadara clod of dirt, filth

كدر kadir and كدير kadīr turbid, muddy, roily, roiled; dull, flat, dingy, grimy (color); worried, troubled, disturbed

اكدر akdar2, f. كدراء kadrā’2, pl. كدر kudr dingy, swarthy, dark-colored

تكدير takdīr roiling, troubling, ruffling; offending, offense, affront, indignity

متكدر mutakaddir angry, sore, peeved (من at), annoyed. Irritated, offended (من by)

2 كادر look up alphabetically

كدس kadasa i (kads) and II to pile up, heap up, accumulate, amass (هـ s.th.); to cram together, press together, compress (هـ s.th.) V to be heaped up, be piled up; to pile up, accumulate (intr.); to press together, get crammed up

كدس kuds pl. اكداس akdās heap, pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)

كداس kuddās pl. كداديس kadādīs2 heap, pile; stack (of grain, hay, etc.)

كداسة kudāsa heap, pile, stack

تكديس takdīs accumulation; stacking

كدش kadaša i (kadš) to gain, earn

كديش kadīš pl. كدش kudš cart horse, nag, jade

كدم kadama a i (kadm) to bite (with the front teeth); to bruise, contuse

كدم kadma pl. kadamāt bite; wound caused by a bite; bruise, contusion

كدى kadā i (kady) to give little, skimp, stint II to beg IV = I

كدية kudya begging, mendicity

كذا ka-dā see ك ka

كذب kadaba i (kidb, kadib, كذبة kadba, kidba) to lie; to deceive, delude, mislead; to tell (ه or على s.o.) a lie, to lie (ه or على to s.o.) II to accuse of lying, call a liar (ه s.o.), disbelieve s.o., give the lie to s.o. (ه ); to disprove, refute, disown, deny (ب or هـ s.th.) | ما كذب ان فعل he did not hesitate to do so IV to cause (ه s.o.) to lie; to call a liar, prove a liar (ه s.o.), give the lie (ه to s.o.)

كذب kidb, kadib and كذبة kadba, kidba lie; deceit, falsehood, untruth | كذبة ابريل April fool’s joke

كذوب kadūb liar

كذاب kaddāb liar, swindler; lying, untruthful; false, deceitful

اكذوبة ukdūba pl. اكاذيب akādīb2 lie

اكذب akdab2 a greater liar, more mendacious, more untruthful, falser | اكذب من مسيلمة (musailimata) a greater liar than Musailima (proverbially of a liar)

تكذيب takdīb denial

كاذب kādib liar; lying, untruthful; false, deceptive, fallacious, delusive, specious, sham, make-believe | امل كاذب (amal) fallacious hope; بلاغ كاذب (balāg) slander, defamation (jur.)

مكذوب makdūb false, untrue, fabricated, trumped up

كذلك see ك ka

1 كرة see2 كرو

2 كر karra u (karr, كرور kurūr, تكرار takrār) to turn around and attack (على s.o., s.th.); to return, come back, recur; to withdraw, retreat, fall back; to attack (على s.o.), bear down (على upon); -- a (كرير karīr) to rattle in the throat II to repeat, reiterate, do again, do repeatedly (هـ s.th.); to pose over and over again (هـ a question, على to s.o.), ask (على s.o.) repeatedly (هـ a question); to clarify, filter (هـ s.th.); to rectify, purify (هـ s.th.); to refine (هـ sugar, etc.) V to be repeated, be reiterated, recur; to be rectified, be purified, be refined

كر karr attack, charge | الكر والفر (farr) attack and retreat (in battle); بين كر وفر alternately, intermittently, by fits and starts, by jerks; على كر الدهور and على كر الزمن (k. az-zamn) in the course of time

كرة karra attack; return, comeback, recurrence; -- (pl. -āt) one time (= مرة ); a hundred thousand; karratan once; sometimes, at times; at a time | كرة اخرى karratan ukrā a second time, once more; كرة بعد كرة repeatedly, time and again

كرار look up alphabetically

كرور kurūr return, comeback, recurrence; succession, sequence, order

كرير karīr rattle in the throat

كرارية kurrārīya pl. -āt (eg.) spool, bobbin, reel

مكر makarr pl. -āt reel

تكرير takrīr repetition, reiteration; classification, rectification, purification, refinement; refining | معمل تكرير السكر ma‘mal t. as-sukkar sugar refinery

تكرار takrār repetition, reiteration; تكرارا takrāran repeatedly, frequently, quite often | مرارا وتكرارا (mirāran) repeatedly, time and again

مكرر mukarrar repeated, reiterated; following twice (number), bis (after a number); a multiple; rectified, purified, refined | سكر مكرر (sukkar) refined sugar; ص 37 مكرر page 37b

متكرر mutakarrir recurring, recurrent, reiterated, reiterative; repeated, frequent

كراج garāž pl. -āt garage (syr.)

كرار karār pl. -āt pantry, storeroom; cellar

كرافتة karāfatta neoktie, cravat

كراكوفيا karākōfiyā Cracow (city in S Poland)

كراميل (Fr. caramel) karamēl caramel candy

1 كرب karaba u (karb) to oppress, distress, grieve, worry, trouble, fill with concern (ه s.o.); to overburden (هـ a beast of burden) IV to hurry, hasten, rush VII and VIII to be worried, grieved, troubled, distressed, anxious, apprehensive, feel concern, be afraid

كرب karb pl. كروب kurūb worry, sorrow, care, grief; apprehension, concern, anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain, torment, torture, agony

كربة kurba pl. كرب kurab worry, sorrow, care, grief; apprehension. concern, anxiety, fear; distress, trouble; pain, torment, torture, agony

مكروب makrūb sad, worried, grieved, sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, scared, confused; see alphabetically

مكترب muktarib sad, worried, grieved, sorrowful, distressed; apprehensive, anxious, alarmed, fearful, troubled, soared, confused

2 كرب kreb crepe | كرب ديشين k. dīšīn and كرب شين k. šīn crepe de Chine

3 كروب karūb and كروبي karūbī pl. -ūn, كاروبيم kārūbīm cherub, archangel

كرباج kurbāj, kirbāj pl. كرابيج karābīj2 whip, lash, riding whip, kurbash

كرباس kirbās pl. كرابيس karābīs2 a white cotton fabric

كربال kirbāl pl. كرابيل karābīl2 teasing bow (for combing or carding cotton); coarse sieve

كربلاء karbalā’2 Karbala (holy city of the Shiites in central Iraq)

كربون (Fr. carbon) karbōn coal | ورق كربون waraq k. carbon paper

1 كرات kurāt (eg.) = كراث

2 اكرت akrat2 curly, kinky (hair)

1 كرتن kartana to put under quarantine, to quarantine (على s.o.) II takartana to be put under quarantine, be quarantined

2 كرتون kartūn pl. كراتين karātin2 cardboard, pasteboard; carton

كرث karata u i (kart) to oppress, depress, distress, worry, trouble (ه s.o.); to concern, affect, move (ه s.o.) IV do. VIII to care (ل for), heed, bear in mind (ل s.th.), pay attention (ل to), take an interest (ل in)

كريث karīt oppressed, depressed, distressed, anguished, worried, troubled, vexed, annoyed

كراث karrāt, kurrāt leek (Allium parrum L.; bot.)

اكتراث iktirāt attention, notice, concern, interest | قلة الاكتراث qillat al-ikt. indifference

كارث kārit oppressive, grievous, painful

كارثة kārita pl. كوارث kawārit2 disaster, catastrophe | كارثة الأمطار k. al-amṯār natural catastrophe, torrential rains

الكرج al-kurj the Georgians

كرجي kurjī Georgian (adj and n.)

كرح kirḥ pl. اكراح akrāḥ monk’s cell

كرخانة karkāna pl. -āt, كراخين karākīn workshop, factory; (eg.) brothel

كرخانجي karkānjī artisan, craftsman

الكرد al-kurd the Kurds | بلاد الكرد Kurdistan

كردي kurdī Kurdish; (pl. اكراد akrād) Kurd | جبل الأكراد jabal al-a. the Kurdish mountains, Kurdistan

كردان kirdān pl. كرادين karādīn2 necklace

كردس kardasa to heap up, pile up (هـ s.th.); to crowd together, cram together (هـ , s.o., s.th.) II takardasa to be heaped up, be piled up; to flock together, crowd together

كردون (Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon; ribbon, braid, lace, trimming | كردون صحي (ṣiḥḥī) sanitary cordon

1 كرز karaza i (كروز kurūz) to hide, seek refuge (الى with)

2 كرز karaza (karz) to preach, spread (بالإنجيل bi-l-injīl the Gospel)

كرز karz and كرازة karāza sermon, preaching of the Gospel | الكرازة المرقسية (marqusīya) the missionary province of St. Mark, the jurisdiction of the Coptic Patriarchate

تكريز takrīz pl. تكاريز takārīz consecration, benediction (Chr.)

كارز kāriz preacher

3 كرز karaz (coll.; n. un. ة ) cherry

كرزى karazī cherry-red

1 كرس II to lay the foundation (هـ of a building) V to stick together, cohere

كرسي kursī pl. كراسي karāsīy, كراس karāsin chair; throne, see; seat; professorial chair; base, pedestal, socle; bearing (techn.) | كرسي بيل k. bīl and كرسي بلى (billī) hall bearing; كرسي دائر revolving stool, swivel chair; الكرسي الرسولي (rasūlī) the Apostolic See; كرسي طويل chaise longue; deck chair; كرسي الملك k. l-malik royal throne; كرسي المملكة k. l-mamlaka capital, metropolis; كرسي هزاز (hazzāz) rocking chair; استاذ كرسي ustād k. full professor

كراسة kurrāsa pl. -āt, karārīs2 quire; booklet; notebook, copy book; sketchbook; brochure; installment, fascicle (of a book)

2 كرس II to consecrate, dedicate, inaugurate, open ceremonially (هـ s.th.; Chr.); to hallow, sanctify (هـ e.g., principles); to dedicate, devote (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.)

تكريس takrīs consecration, dedication, ceremonial inauguration (Chr.); devoting, dedication

مكرس mukarras consecrated; dedicated | ماء مكرس holy water (Chr.)

كرسوع kursū‘ pl. كراسيع karāsī‘2 carpal end of the ulna, carpal bone, wristbone

كرسف karsafa to hamstring, hook (هـ an animal)

كرسنة kirsinna, kirsanna variety of vetch (bot.)

كرش kariša a (karaš) to be wrinkled, shriveled, crumpled, crinkled, puckered; to shrivel, form wrinkles, be drawn into wrinkle II to wrinkls one’s face, knit one’s brows, frown V = I

كرش kirš, kariš f., pl. اكراش akrāš, كروش kurūš stomach (primarily of ruminants = craw); paunch; belly

كرشة kirša (eg.) tripe, intestines

كريشة (eg.) krēša a thin, crinkled fabric; crepe

اكرش akraš2 and مكرش mukriš potbellied, paunchy

كرشوني karšūnī Karshuni, Arabic written in Syriac characters

كريطة look up alphabetically; كرارط, كرارطي ibid.

كرع kara’a and kari’a a (kar’, كروع kurū’) to sip V to wash one’s feet, perform the partial ablution of the legs (in preparation for prayer); to belch, burp, eruct

كرعة kar’a (n. vic.) sipping, sip, swallow

كراع kurā’ m. and f., pl. اكرع akru’, اكارع akāri’2 foot, trotter (esp. of sheep or oxen); leg; extremity | اكارع الأرض a. al-arḍ the remotest areas of the earth

تكريعة takrī’a belching, eructation

كارع kāri’ pl. كوارع kawāri’ foot, trotter; ankle, anklebone; pl. (eg.) dish prepared of sheep’s trotters

كرفس karafs celery (Apium graveolens L.; bot.)

1 كرك kurk (syr.) fur

2 كركة karaka distilling apparatus, distilling flask, retort

3 كركي kurkī pl. كراكي karākīy crane (zool.); (سمك) الكراكي (samak) al-k. pike (zool.)

4 كراكة karrāka pl. -āt dredging machine, dredge; penitentiary

5 كريك look up alphabetically

كركب karkaba (eg.) to throw into disorder, upset, confuse, disturb (III s.th.); to make a noise

كركبة karkaba disorder, confusion, muddle, jumble

كركدن karkaddan, karkadann rhinoceros | كركدن بحري (baḥrī) narwhal (zool.)

كركر karkara to repeat, reiterate, do repeatedly (هـ s.th.); to rumble (stomach); to tickle | كركر في الضحك (ḍaḥk) to burst into loud laughter, roar with laughter

كركرة karkara loud laughter; rumbling (of the stomach)

كركم kurkum (bot.) turmeric (Curcuma longa L.; plant and rootstock); curoumin

كركند karkand spinel ruby (gem); (eg.) lobster (zool.)

كركوز karakūz shadow play

كركون karakōn (eg.) police station

1 كرم karuma u (karam, كرمة karama, كرامة karāma) to be noble, high-minded, noble-hearted, magnanimous, generous, liberal, munificent; to be precious II to call noble and high-minded (ه s.o.); to honor, revere, venerate, treat with deference (ه s.o.); to exalt (على ه s.o. above another), bestow honor (على ه upon s.o. before others) | كرم الله وجهه (wajhahū) may God honor him I III to vie in generosity (ه s.o.); to meet reverentially, with deference, politely (ه s.o.) IV to call noble and high-minded (ه s.o.); to honor (ه s.o.): to treat reverentially, with deference, politely, hospitably (ه s.o.), bestow honors (ه upon s.o.); to prove o.s. to he high-minded and generous; to honor, present (ب ه s.o. with), confer (ب ه upon s.o. s.th.) V to feign generosity; to show one’s generous side; to be noble; to be friendly, kind, kindly; to be so kind, have the kindness (ب to do s.th., على with regard to or in behalf of s.o.); to present (على ب s.o. with), graciously bestow (ب على upon s.o. s.th.)

كرم karm (coll.) pl. كروم kurūm vine, grapes, grapevines; vineyard; garden, orchard | بنت الكرم bint al-k. wine

كرمة karma grapevine, vine

كرم karam noble nature; high-mindedness, noble-mindedness, noble-heartedness, generosity, magnanimity; kindness, friendliness, amicability; liberality, munificence; كرما karaman moat kindly, obligingly, out of kindness | كرم الأخلاق noble-mindedness, noble character; كرم الحتد k. al-maḥtid noble descent

كرمة لك kurmatan laka and كرمانا لك kurmānan laka for your sake, as a favor to you, in your honor

كرامة karāma nobility; high-mindedness, noble-heartedness; generosity, magnanimity; liberality, munificence; honor, dignity; respect, esteem, standing, prestige; mark of honor, token of esteem, favor; (pl. -āt) miracle (worked by a saint) | حبا وكرامة لك (ḥubban wa-karāmatan) for your sake and in your honor; most gladly, with the greatest pleasure; صاحب كرامات worker of miracles

كريم karīm pl. كرماء kuramā’2, kirām noble; distinguished, high-ranking, eminent; high-minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted; generous, liberal, munificent, hospitable, beneficent; benefactor; kind, kindly, friendly, amicable, obliging, gracious; respectable, honorable, decent; precious, valuable, costly; thoroughbred; see also alphabetically; الكريمان the two noble things, namely Holy War and the pilgrimage to Mecca | كريم الأخلاق high-minded, noble-minded, noble-hearted, noble; كريم الأصل k. al-aṣl of noble descent, highborn, highbred; حجر كريم (ḥajar) precious stone, gem; حصان كريم thoroughbred horse; دخل كريم (dakl) a decent income; القارئ الكريم the gentle reader; المعادن الكريمة the precious metals; مرمر الكرام see1 مر marra

كريمة karīma pl. كرائم karā’im2 precious thing, object of value, valuable; vital part (of the body; esp. eye); daughter; see also alphabetically; الكريمتان the two eyes | كرائم المال (الأموال ) the most prized possession(s)

كرام karrām pl. -ūn winegrower, vinedresser

اكرم akram2 pl. اكارم akārim2 nobler more distinguished; more precious, more valuable; moat honorable; very high-minded, very noble-hearted, most generous

مكرم makram and مكرم makrama pl. مكارم makārim2 noble trait, excellent quality | مكارم الأخلاق noble characteristics, noble traits of character

مكرمة makruma pl. مكارم makārim2 noble deed

تكريم takrīm and تكرمة takrima honoring, tribute, honor (bestowed on s.o.) | تكريما له (takrīman) in his honor

اكرام ikrām honor, respect, deference, tribute; hospitable reception, hospitality; kindness; honorarium | اكراما له (ikrāman) in his honor

اكرامية ikrāmīya pl. -āt honorarium; bonus

مكرم mukarram honored, revered, venerated; venerable; المكرمية epithet of Mecca

2 كريم and كريمة look up alphabetically

كرمش karmaša (eg.) to pucker, be drawn into folds; to crinkle, become wrinkled, shrivel II takarmaša do.

كرمش karmaša fold, crease, wrinkle, crinkle, pucker; knitting

2 كرمل: الكرمل al-karmal Mount Carmel (promontory in N Palestine)

كرملي karmalī Carmelite

2 كرملا karamillā caramel (candy)

كراميل look up alphabetically

الكرملين al-kremlīn the Kremlin

كرنب kurunb (coll.) cabbage

كرنبة kurunba (n. un.) head of cabbage

كرنتينة kurantīna pl. -āt quarantine

كرنيش look up alphabetically

كرناف kurnāf pl. كرانيف karānīf2 palm stump

كرنافة kunāfa pl. -āt gunstock, rifle butt

1 كرنك (Engl.) krank pl. -āt crank, crank shaft

2 كرنك karnak a brand of Egyptian cotton (named after الكرنن , a village near Luxor)

كرنيش and كورنيش (Fr. corniche) kornīš pl. كرانيش karānīš2 cornice, ledge, molding, shelf; coast road, road skirting the shoreline

كره kariha a (karh, kurh, كراهة karāha, كراهية karāhiya) to feel disgust (هـ at), be disgusted (هـ by); to detest, loathe, abhor, hate (هـ s.th.); to dislike (هـ s.th.); karuha u (كراهة karāha) to be repugnant, offensive, hateful, odious, detestable II to make s.o. (على or ه ) hate s.th. (هـ ), arouse aversion (هـ الى or هـ ه in s.o. to s.th.) IV to force, compel, coerce (على ه s.o. to) V to have an aversion (هـ to), feel disgust (هـ for), loathe, detest (هـ s.th.) X to have an aversion (هـ to), feel disgust (هـ for), loathe, detest (هـ s.th.); to force, compel, coerce (على ه s.o. to)

كره karh, kurh hatred, hate; aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste; detestation, abhorrence, disgust, repugnance, loathing; كرها karhan, kurhan and على كره ‘ala kurhin, على كره منه unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly, forcedly; under compulsion, under duress

كره karih loathsome, repugnant, offensive

كريه karīh unpleasant, disagreeable, offensive, bad, repugnant, repulsive, loathsome, hateful, detestable, abominable, ugly

كراهة karāha hatred, hate; aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste; abhorrence, detestation, disgust, repugnance, loathing

كراهية karāhiya aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance, loathing; incompatibility (as a reason of divorce); baseness, abominableness, reprehensibility (Isl. Law) | على كراهية unwillingly, grudgingly, forcedly

كريهة karīha pl. كرائه karā’ih2 adversity; misfortune, calamity

مكره makrah loathsome thing, unpleasant situation

مكرهة makraha, makruha hatred, hate, detestation, abhorrence

مكاره makārih2 loathsome things; adversities, calamities

اكراه ikrāh compulsion, coercion, constraint, force; use of force | بالإكراه by force

اكراهي ikrāhī compulsory, coercive, forced, enforced

تكره takarruh aversion, antipathy, dislike, distaste, disgust, repugnance, loathing

كاره kārih reluctant, grudging, unwilling, averse

مكروه makrūh detested, abhorred, hated, hateful, odious, loathsome, disgusting, distasteful, disagreeable, unpleasant; reprehensible (Isl. Law); مكروه and مكروهة makrūha inconvenience, discomfort, nuisance, adversity; accident, mishap, misadventure

مكره mukrah forced, compelled

متكره mutakarrih unwilling, reluctant

2 كرو ) and كري) كرا karā u (karw) and كرى karā i (kary) to dig (هـ s.th.)

كرو karw digging, excavation

2 كرة kura pl. -āt, كرى kuran globe, sphere; ball | كرة الأرض k. al-a. and كرة ارضية (arḍīya) terrestrial globe, globe; كرة الثلج k. at-talji snowball; كرة السلة k. as-salla basketball; كرة الطاولة k. al-ṭāwula table tennis; كرة القدم k. al-qadam football, soccer; كرة الكواكب celestial sphere; كرات لحم k. laḥm small meatballs; كرة الماء water polo; كرة اليد k. al-yad (European) handball; نصف الكرة niṣf al-k. hemisphere

كرية kurayya globule; pellet | الكريات الحمراء (الحمر ) (ḥamrā’, ḥumr) the red corpuscles, erythrocytes

كري kuriy and كروي kurawī globular, globate, globose, ball-shaped, ball-like, spherical

كروية kurawīya globosity, sphericity, roundness | كروية الأرض k. al-arḍ the sphericity of the earth

كرواتيا kuruwātiyā Croatia

كروان karawān and كيروان a variety of plover (Charadrius cedicnemus L.; zool.)

كروب karūb and كروبي karūbī pl. -ūn, كروبيم karūbīm cherub, archangel

كروسة (It. carozza) karōsa pl. -āt state carriage, coach

كروكي (Fr. croquis) krōkī pl. كروكيات krōkīyāt sketch, draft, croquis

كروم krōm chrome, chromium

كرويا karawyā caraway (Carum carvi L.; bot.)

1 كري kariya a (karan) to sleep, be asleep, slumber; -- karā i (kary) to dig (هـ e.g., a canal) III and IV to rent, lease, let, let out, farm out, hire out (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) V to sleep, be asleep, slumber VIII and X to rent, hire (هـ s.th.); to lease, take on lease (هـ s.th.), take a lease (هـ of s.th.); to hire, employ, engage (ه s.o.), engage the labor or services (ه of s.o.)

كرى karan sleep, slumber

كراء kirā’ rent, hire, hiring; lease; rental, hire; wages, pay

اكراء ikrā’ renting, rent; leasing, letting on lease, farming out

اكتراء iktirā’ renting, rent; leasing, taking on lease; hiring

مكار mukārin pl. -ūn hirer (esp. one of horses, donkeys, mules, etc.); donkey driver, muleteer

مكر mukrin hirer, lessor; landlord

مكرى mukran rented, let, hired out, let on lease

مكتر muktarin and مستكر mustakrin renter, tenant, lessee | مكتر ثان (tānin) subtenant, sublessee

2 كرى, كرية see 1 كرو

3 كرى karrī curry

كريت kirīt, كريد kirīd Crete

كريطة (Span. carreta) karrīṭa pl. كراريط karārīṭ2 (tun.) cart, wagon, dray

كرارطي karariṭī carrier, carter, drayman

كريك (Turk. körek) kurīk pl. -āt shovel

كري (Fr. crème) krēm cream | كريم الحلاقة k. al-ḥilāqa shaving cream

كريمة (It. crema; eg.) kréma cream; a kind of thick sauce (served as a condiment)

كز kazza (1st pers. perf. kazuztu) u (كزازة kazāza, كزوزة kuzūza) to become dry and tough, dry up, shrivel; to be withered, shriveled, shrunk; to contract, shrink; (eg.) to have an aversion (من to), feel disgust (من at), have a distaste (من for); -- (kazz) to contract, shrink, narrow (هـ s.th.); pass. kuzza to have tetanus | كز على اسنانه (eg.) to gnash one’s teeth

كز kazz pl. كز kuzz dry, dried up, withered, desiccated; shriveled, shrunk; tough, inflexible, unyielding, rigid, stiff | كز اليدين k. al-yadain closefisted, miserly, niggardly

كزز kazaz miserliness, niggardliness

كزاز kuzāz, kuzzāz tetanus

كزازة kazāza dryness; boringness, dullness, tediousness; stinginess, niggardliness; stiffness, rigidity

كزبرة kuzbara, kuzbura coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.; bot.) | كزبرة الثعلب k. at-ta‘lab pimpernel; كزبرة خضراء (kaḍrā’) chervil; كزبرة الصخر k. aṣ-ṣakr hair-cap moss (Polytrichum communis L.; bot.)

كزورنة (eg.) kazarāna (from It. casseruola) casserole, cooking vessel

كسب kasaba i (kasb) to gain, win, acquire (هـ s.th.); to earn (هـ s.th.); to profit, win, gain; to gather, acquire (هـ knowledge); to obtain, get, attain (هـ s.th.) | كسب هتافا ل (hutafan) win acclaim for, he applauded for; ما كسبت يداه (yadāhu) what he has earned in the hereafter by his (good and evil) deeds II to make or let s.o. (هـ ) gain, win or obtain (هـ s.th.); to let s.o. (ه ) share the profit IV to make or let s.o. (ه ) gain, win or obtain (هـ s.th.), secure (هـ ه for s.o. s.th.); to impart (هـ هـ or ه to s.o. or to s.th. s.th., also e.g., to the face a certain expression) | اكسب مناعة ضد (manā‘atan ḍidda) to make immune to V to earn (هـ s.th.); to acquire, obtain (هـ s.th.); to gain, win (هـ s.th.) VIII do.; to possess have, own (هـ s.th.); to take on (هـ a new quality, a color, a different aspect, and the like)

كسب kasb acquisition; earnings; gain, profit; winnings; s.th. acquired or gained, acquirement; acquired knowledge, learning

كسب kusb and كسب kusba oil cake

مكسب maksab, maksib and مكسبة maksiba pl. مكاسب makāsib2 gain, profit

تكسب takassub earning, gaining; acquisition; earnings; gain, profit

اكتساب iktisāb acquisition; gaining, winning | اكتساب بمرور الزمان (bi-murūr z-zamān) prescription, usucapion, acquisition of property or rights by uninterrupted possession of them for a certain period (jur.)

كاسب kāsib winner; earner, provider

مكسب muksib profitable, lucrative

كسبرة kasbara coriander (bot.; = كزبرة , q.v.)

كستاك kustāk see كستك

كستبان kustubān pl. كساتبين kasātibīn2 thimble

كسكت (Turk. köstek) kustak and كستيك pl. كساتك kasātik watch chain

كستلية (It. sastoletta) kustulēta, kustalēta cutlet, chop

كستنة kastana chestnut (bot.)

كستنائي kastanā’ī maroon, chestnut-colored

كسح kasaḥa a (kasḥ) to sweep; to clean, clean out, empty; -- kasiḥa a (kaṣaḥ) to be crippled; to become a cripple II (eg.) to cripple (ه s.o.); to bend, twist, warp (o s.th.) VIII to sweep away (هـ s.th.); to wash away, flush out, remove (هـ s.th.); to overrun (هـ s.th.); to flood, overflow (هـ s.th.), spread, fan out (هـ over s.th.); to plunder, pillage, sack (هـ a captured town); to snatch up, seize (هـ s.th.), take hold (هـ of)

كسح kasḥ sweeping; cleaning; clearing; emptying (e.g., of a latrine); lameness, paralysis, palsy

كساح kusāḥ rachitis, rickets

كساحة kusāḥa sweepings; refuse, garbage, rubbish, trash

كسيح kasīḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed; crippled

اكسح aksaḥ lame, palsied, paralyzed; crippled

مكسحة miksaḥa broom

اكتساح iktisāḥ a sweeping away, sweep; removal, elimination; flooding, overflowing, submersion, inundation; rape, seizure, usurpation

كاسحة kāsiḥa: كاسحة الألغام k. al-algām mine sweeper

مكسح mukassaḥ crippled; cripple; lame person, paralytic

كسد kasada and kasuda u (كساد kasād, كسود kasūd) to find no market, not to move, sell badly (merchandise); to be stagnant, dull, listless (business, market) IV to be dull, listless (market)

كساد kasād unsalableness of merchandise; economic depression, dullness of the market, stagnation of commerce, recession; slump

O مكاسدة mukāsada dumping

كاسد kāsid and كسيد kasīd selling badly, little in demand (merchandise); stagnant, dull, listless (market)

1 كسر kasara i (kasr) to break, shatter, fracture (هـ s.th.); to break open, force open, pry open (هـ a door, and the like); to break (also fig.: power, resistance); to violate, infringe (هـ a legal duty); to destroy, annihilate, rout (هـ s.th.); to defeat (هـ an army); to fold (هـ s.th.); to provide with the vowel, (هـ a consonant; gram.) | كسر خاطره to disappoint, disoblige, offend, afront s.o.; كسرت kusirat ir-rīḥu the wind has calmed down; كسر الصمت (ṣamt) to break the silence; كسر العطش (‘aṭaš) to quench the thirst; كسره عن مراده (murādihī) to dissuade or hinder s.o. from carrying out his intention; كسر عينه (‘ainahū) (eg.) to shame s.o., put s.o. to shame; كسر قلبه (qalbahū) to break s.o.’s heart; to discourage s.o.; كسر من حدته (ḥiddatihi) to blunt the edge of s.th., tone down s.th., curb, temper s.th. or s.o. II to break into pieces, fragmentize (هـ s.th.); to shatter, smash (هـ s.th.) V to be broken to pieces, be shattered, be fragmentized; to break, be refracted, be diffracted (also light, rays, phys.); to be refined, civilized VII to get broken; to be defeated, be routed, be broken (force, violence); to break; to be refracted, be diffracted; to abate, subside (e.g., heat), be quenched (thirst) | انكسرت ساقه (sāquhū) he broke his leg

كسر kasr breaking, fracturing; shattering, fragmentation; -- (pl. كسور kusūr) break, breach, fracture; crack, rupture; fracture of a bone; (pl. كسر kusūr, كسورات ) fraction (arith.) | كسر عشري (اعشاري ) (‘ušrī, a‘šārī) decimal fraction; وكسور wa-kusūr (after figures) and some, a little over ..., e.g., جنيه وكسور one pound and some, a little over a pound

كسر kasr, kisr: كسر البيت k. al-bait nook of the house; جثم في كسر بيته to live in seclusion, stay in one’s four walls

كسرة kasra defeat, breakdown, collapse; the vowel point for i; nook of the house

كسرة kisra pl. كسر kisar, -āt fragment; a small piece; chunk (of bread); slice (of bread)

كسير kasīr pl. كسرى kasrā, كسارى kasārā broken, fractured, shattered; defeated; see also كسرى alphabetically

O كسارة kassāra nutcracker

كسيرة kusaira diopter (phys.)

كسر maksir: صلب المكسر ṣulb al-m. hard to break, robust, sturdy, hardy, firm, strong; طيب المكسر ṭayyib al-m. standing the test, proving its value, of excellent quality; لين المكاسر layyin al-makāsir soft, gentle

تكسير taksīr breaking, fracturing; shattering, fragmentation | جمع التكسير jam‘ at-t. broken plural (gram.)

تكاسر takassur a being broken, breaking; refraction, diffraction (opt.) | تكسر الأشعة t. al-aši‘‘a refraction of rays

انكسار inkisār (state or process of) being broken, brokenness, breaking; fracture; breach, rupture; fragility; defeat, rout; brokenness in spirit, broken-heartedness, dejection; contrition; refraction, diffraction (phys.) | انكسار القلب ink. al-qalb dejectedness, despondency, contrition

كاسر kāsir breaking, shattering, etc.; (pl. كواسر kawāsir2) rapacious, ferocious, savage (predatory animal) | كاسر الحجر k. al-ḥajar saxifrage, stonebreak (bot.);طير كاسر (ṭair) bird of prey; كواسر الطير k. aṭ-ṭair predatory birds

مكسور maksūr broken, fractured; shattered, fragmented; defeated; unsuccessful, thwarted, frustrated; bankrupt; having a kasra (consonant; gram.)

مكسر mukassar fragmented, shattered, smashed; broken (also, e.g., language); مكسرات almonds and nuts | جمع مكسر (jam‘) broken plural (gram.)

2 اكسير iksīr elixir

كسرونة kasarōna (eg.) see كزرونة

كسرى kisrā pl. اكاسرة akāsira, اكاسر akāsir2 Khosrau; designation of the Persian kings in general

كسع kasa‘a a to chase away (ه s.o.); to strike, shove, push, kick (ه s.o. from behind) VIII to put its tail (ب ) between its legs

كسف kasafa i (كسوف kusūf) to be or become dark, gloomy; to be eclipsed, pass through an eclipse (sun); -- to reprimand, reprove (ه s.o.); to abash, shame, put to shame (ه s.o.) VII to be eclipsed; to be shamed, be ashamed; to blush

كسف kasf darkening, occultation, eclipse; dark, darkness, gloominess

كسوف 1 cuaUf occultation, eclipse, solar eclipse

انكساف inkisāf occultation, eclipse, solar eclipse

كاسف kāsif dejected, downcast, sad, worried, grieved; gloomy

كسكس kaskasa to pound, bray, grind, powder, pulverize; (eg.) to retreat, fall back, withdraw

كسكسو kuskusū and كسكسي kuskusī couscous, dish prepared of groats and salt water (staple food in northwest Africa)

كسكاس kuskās, kaskās sieve for preparing couscous

كسل kasila a (kasal) to be lazy, idle, sluggish, indolent, negligent; to idle, loaf II to make lazy or negligent (ه s.o.) VI = I

كسل kasal laziness, sluggishness, idleness, inactivity, loafing, indolence, negligence

كسل kasil and كسول kasūl lazy, idle

كسلان kaslān f. ة, كسلى kaslā, pl. كسالى kasālā, kusālā, كسلى kaslā lazy, sluggish, slothful, indolent, idle, inactive

مكسال miksāl lazybones, sluggard, idler, loafer

تكاسل takāsul laziness, sluggishness, indolence

متكاسل mutakāsil lazy, sluggish, slothful, indolent

كسم kasama i (kasm) to make living (على عياله ‘alā ‘iyālihī for one’s family) II to give form (هـ to s.th.), shape, fashion (هـ s.th.)

كسم kasm cut, style (of a dress); clothing, clothes, costume, fashion; form, shape; manner, mode

كسيم kasīm duty, rate, tax

تكسيم taksīm forming, shaping, fashioning, molding; O milling

مكسم mukassam well-shaped, shapely

كسو ) and كسي) كسا kasā u (kasw) to clothe, dress, garb, attire (هـ s.o. with or in); to hang, drape, face, line, case (ب or هـ هـ s.th. with), incase (ب or هـ هـ s.th. in); to cover (ب or هـ هـ s.th. with), put, slip (ب or هـ هـ over s.th. s.th.) | كساه صبغة كذا (ṣibgata) to give s.th. the appearance of ..., make s.th. look like ...; -- كسي kasiya a (كسا kasā) to be or get dressed; to dress IV to clothe, dress, garb, attire (هـ ه s.o. with or in) V to be dressed, be clothed, be garbed; to clothe o.s., array o.s., attire o.s. (ب with or in); to cover o.s. VIII do.; to burst into leaf (tree)

كسوة kiswa pl. كسى kusan, kisan, كساو kasāwin clothing, clothes, apparel, attire, raiment; dress, garment; suit of clothes; uniform; draping, lining, casing, facing, paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls) | الكسوة (الشريفة ) the kiswa, the covering of the Kaaba (black, brocaded carpet covering the walls of the Kaaba, made annually in Egypt and transported with the pilgrimage caravan to Mecca); كسوة التشريفة full-dress uniform, gala uniform

كساء kisā’ pl. اكسية aksiya garment; dress

تكسية taksiya clothing, dressing; draping, lining, casing, facing, paneling, wainscoting (e.g., of walls); course of stones (of a macadam road)

كش kašša i to recoil (من from)

كشة kušša lock of hair

كشتبان kuštubān, kuštibān pl. كشاتبين kašātibīn2 thimble

كشح kašaḥa a (kašḥ): كشح له بالعداوة (bi-l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o., hate s.o.; -- to disperse, scatter, break up (ه a crowd), send away, dismiss, drive away, chase away (ه s.o.) III كاشحة في العداوة (bi-l-‘adāwa) to harbor enmity toward s.o., hate s.o. VII to be dispersed, be scattered; to disperse, scatter, break up; to be dispelled

كشح kašḥ pl. كشوح kušūḥ region of the hip, haunch, flank, side, waist; Venus’s-shell, cowrie | طوى كشح على (ṭawā kašḥahū) to keep s.th. to o.s., keep s.th. secret; طوى كشحه (كشحا) عن to turn from s.o., break with s.o.; ولاه كشحه (wallāhu) to turn one’s back on s.o.

كشاحة kušāḥa secret enmity, rancor, grudge, resentment, hate

كاشح kāšiḥ secret enemy

كشر kašara i (kašr) and II to bare one’s teeth; to grimace; to grin, smile (الى at s.o.); to scowl, glower, bear a grim expression | كشر عن اسنانه to bare or show one’s teeth; كشر عن نابه (انيابه ) do.

كشرة kišra grimace

تكشيرة takšīra (n. vic.) flash of the teeth

هو جاري مكاشري huwa jārī mukāširī he is my nearest neighbor

انكشاري look up alphabetically

كشط kašaṭa i (kašṭ) to take off (هـ a wrapping, a covering); to pull off (هـ s.th.); to erase (هـ s.th. written); to remove (هـ s.th.); to scratch off, scrape off (هـ s.th., ب e.g., with a knife so as to clean it)

مكشط mikšaṭ erasing knife

كشب kašafa i (kašf) to pull away, remove, take off, throw open, lift, raise (هـ a covering, a curtain, a veil, etc., عن from); to reveal, disclose, uncover, expose, bare (هـ or عن s.th.); to clear up (هـ or عن s.th.), shed light (هـ or عن on); to show, demonstrate (هـ or عن s.th.); to open up, lay open, lay bare (هـ or عن s.th.); to bring to light (هـ or عن s.th.); to study, scrutinize, investigate, examine (عن s.th.); to examine medically (على s.o.) | كشف القناع عن to unveil, unmask s.o. or s.th.; كشف عليه طبيا (ṭibbīyan) to examine s.o. medically ; كشفت الحرب عن ساقها (ḥarbu) the war was or become violent, flared up; war broke out III to discuss, reveal, manifest, demonstrate, show (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), evince ( toward s.o. s.th.); to make known (ب or هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), inform (ب or هـ ه s.o. of) | كاشفه بالعداوة (bi-l-‘adāwa) to manifest open hostility toward s.o. V to be uncovered, be exposed, be laid open, be bared, be disclosed, be revealed, be brought to light; to come to light, become visible, manifest itself, show; to open, be opened up (عن شيء so as to reveal s.th.) | تكشف الأمر عن لا شيء (amru) the matter turned out to be of no consequence; تكشف عن منتهى العجز (muntahā l-‘ajz) to show o.s. utterly helpless VII to be removed, be lifted, be raised (veil); to be uncovered, be disclosed, be revealed, become manifest (ل to s.o.) VIII to discover (هـ s.th., esp. scientifically); to find out, detect, uncover (هـ s.th.) X to seek to discover (هـ s.th.); to explore (هـ s.th.); to investigate (هـ s.th.), search, inquire (هـ into s.th.); to scout, reconnoiter (mil.); to discover (هـ s.th., scientifically); to detect, spot, seek out, search out, find out (هـ s.th.)

كشف kašf uncovering, disclosure; baring, exposure, unveiling; revelation, illumination (mys.); investigation, inquiry, search, quest, study; examination, scrutiny; inspection; boy scout movement; -- (pl. كشوف kušūf, كشوفات kušūfāt) report, account; statement, specification, enumeration; table, schedule, chart; list, roster, index, register, inventory; pl. كشوف discoveries | كشف طبي ṭibbī) medical examination; كشف الاقتراع muster roll; كشف الحساب bill, invoice

كشفي kašfī of or pertaining to boy scouts | حركة كشفية (ḥaraka) boy scout movement

كشاف kaššāf pl. كشافة kaššāfa discoverer, inventor; explorer, reconnoiterer, scout; boy scout | O كشاف كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) searchlight; مصباح كشاف (miṣbāḥ) and نور كشاف (nūr) pl. انوار كشافة do.

كشافة kaššāfa exploration; reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting (mil.); boy scout movement, scouting

كشافي kišāfī of boy scouts, boy scout (adj.)

كشيف kašīf uncovered, open, exposed

اكتشاف iktišāf uncovering, disclosure, detection, spotting, location; (pl. -āt) (scientific) discovery

استكشاف istikšāf uncovering, clarification, elucidation; discovery; close observation; reconnaissance, reconnoitering, scouting (mil.) | طائرة الاستكشاف reconnaissance plane; الاستكشاف البعيد المدى (madā) long-range reconnaissance

استكشافي istikšāfī explorational, exploratory, of discovery, reconnaissance-, scout- (in compounds)

كاشف kāšif pl. كشفة kašafa uncovering, revealing, etc.; serving exploratory purposes, instrumental in reconnaissance, conducive to discovery, detection or disclosure; examiner, investigator, discoverer; supervisor, inspector; (Eg.) head of a muqāṭa‘a, district chief (obsolete); detector (radio); كاشف and كاشفة reagent (chem.) | ضوء كاشف (ḍau’) pl. اضواء كاشفة and نور كاشف (nūr) pl. انوار كاشفة search-light; O زورق كاشف الألغام (zauraq) mine-locating craft, mine sweeper; كاشف بلوري (ballūrī, billaurī) crystal detector (radio); كاشف المحيط k. al-muḥīṭ periscope; بان بالكاشف (bāna) to manifest itself clearly and unmistakably

مكشوف maksūf bared, exposed, uncovered, open, roofless, coverless, unveiled, naked, bare; (mil.) open, undefended, devoid of military installations or fortifications; uncovered (com.) | مكشوف الرأس m. ar-ra’s, bareheaded, hatless; بالمكشوف or على المكشوف openly, publicly, overtly, for everyone to see

مكتشف muktašif discoverer, explorer

مكتشفات muktašafāt (scientific) discoveries

1 كشك kušk pl. اكشاك akšāk kiosk; summer-house, pavilion, cabin, log cabin; hut, shed, shanty; (telephone) booth; stall, stand, booth (at a fair, etc.) | كشك الاستحمام bathhouse; beach chair; كشك الاشارات k. al-ilšārāt block station, signal box (railroad); كشك الديدبان k. ad-daidabān sentry box; O كشك محول (muḥawwil) transformer house

2 كشك kišk a dough made of bulgur and sour milk, cut into small pieces, dried and need for the preparation of other dishes (so in Egypt; there are several other ways of preparing it) | (eg.) كشك الماز kišk almāz asparagus

كشكش kaškaša to rustle; to flee, run away; (eg.) to pleat

كشكش kaškaš pl. كشاكش kašākiš2 seam; hem, edge, border

رواية كشكشية riwāya kaškašīya burlesque, popular comedy

كشكول kaškūl beggar’s bag; scrapbook; album

كشمش kišmiš a kind of currants

كشمير kašmīr2 Kashmir (region in NE India); kašmīr cashmere (a soft, twilled woolen fabric)

كشنى kušnā lentil tare, slender vetch (bot.)

كض (for كظ ) V to be replete, overfull, overloaded, overburdened VIII to be overfilled, be replete (ب with s.th.), be chock-full

تكضكض takaḍkūḍ overexertion, overstrain, overburdening

كظ kaẓẓa u (kaẓẓ) to fill, overfill (هـ s.th.); to burden, weight, encumber (هـ s.th.); to overstuff, surfeit, cloy (هـ the stomach)VIII to be crammed full, be jam-packed, be overcrowded (ب with, esp. with people); to sate o.s. eat one’s fill; to be overstuffed, be surfeited, be cloyed (ب with); to be abundant, copious, plentiful

كظة kiẓẓa gorging, cloying, overstuffing (of the stomach); surfeit

كظيظ kaẓīẓ overfilled, overstuffed, cloyed, surfeited

مكتظ muktaẓ overcrowded (ب with, esp. with people), crammed full, jam-packed (ب with), chock-full (ب of)

كظر kuẓr suet

كظم kaẓama i (kaẓm, كظوم kuẓūm) to conceal or suppress (هـ one’s anger); to be mum, keep silent

كظيم kaẓīm filled with anger

كعب ka‘aba u i (كعوب ku‘ūb) to be full and round, be swelling (breasts) II to make cubic, to cube (هـ s.th.); to dice (هـ s.th.)

كعب ka‘b pl. كعاب ki‘āb, كعوب ku‘ūb knot, knob, node (of cane); joint, articulation; ankle, anklebone; heel (of the fact, of a shoe); ferrule; die; cube; high rank, fame, glory, honor | كعب الكتاب (pl. كعوب ) spine of a book; ارقى كعبا arqā ka‘ban abler, more capable, more qualified, more efficient; رجل عالي الكعب rajul ‘ālī l-k. a distinguished, capable, successful man; علو الكعب ‘ulūw al-k. high rank, outstanding position; ذهب كعبهم their days of glory are past

كعب ku‘b breasts, bosom

كعبة ka‘ba pl. ka‘abāt cube, cubic structure; الكعبة the Kaaba (in Mecca); (fig.) shrine; object of veneration, focus of interest

كعبي ka‘bī cubic

كعبة ku‘ba virginity

كعاب ka‘āb having swelling breasts, buxom (girl)

ابو كعيب abū ku‘aib (eg.) mumps (med.)

تكعيب tak‘īb cubing, dicing; raising to the third power, cubing

تكعيبة tak‘ība trellis, espalier

تكعيبي tak‘ībī cubic

كاعب kā‘ib pl. كواعب kawā‘ib2 well-developed, full and round, swelling (bosom); having swelling breasts, buxom (girl); كواعب buxom girls

مكعب muka‘‘ab cube-shaped, cubiform, cubic; (pl. -āt) cube | قدم مكعب (qadam) cubic foot; متر مكعب (mitr) cubic meter

كعبرة ku‘bura and كعبورة ku‘būra pl. كعابر ka‘ābir2 knotty excrescence, knot, knob, node; كعبرة radius (anat.) | عظم الكعبرة ‘aẓm al-k. radius (anat.)

مكعبر muka‘bar knotty, knobbed, gnarled

كعبل ka‘bala (eg.) to trip up (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) stumble

كعك ka‘k (coll.; n. un. ة ) cake; designation of various kinds of pastry, also of small baked goods; pretzel (syr.)

كعم ka‘ama a (ka‘m) to muzzle (هـ a camel); to gag (ه s.o.); to cap, seal (هـ a vessel)

كغم abbreviation of كيلوغرام kīlogrām kilogram

كف kaffa u (kaff) to border, edge, hem (هـ a garment); to desist, refrain (عن from), cease, forbear (عن doing s.th.), give up, stop (عن s.th.); to renounce, waive, forgo (عن s.th.), abstain (عن from); to hold back, restrain (عن ه s.o. from); to hinder, prevent (عن ه s.o. from); to avert (عن s.th.); to check, curb, restrict (من s.th.) | كف بصره kaffa (and pass. kuffa) baṣaruhū to become blind II to hem (هـ a garment) V to beg VII to desist, refrain, abstain (عن from) X to hold out the hand with an imploring gesture, beg, practice begging; to shade one’s eyes with the hand; to coil (snake); to surround (ل or حول s.o., s.th.), flock around s.o. or s.th. (ل, حول )

كف kaff desistance, refraining (عن from); abstaining, abstention (من from); cessation, suspension, stop, stoppage, discontinuation (عن of s.th.); -- kaff f., pl. كفوف kufūf, اكف akuff palm of the hand; glove; paw, foot, claw (of an animal); slap; scale (of a balance); handful; quire; bar (of chocolate) | كف مريم k. mayam (eg.) agnus castus, chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus; bot.); rose of Jericho, resurrection plant (Anastatica hierochuntica L.; bot.); الكف الجذماء (jadmā’) star α in the constellation Cetus; الكف الخضيب star β in Cassiopeia; كف الأسد k. al-asad lion’s-leaf (bot.); وضع حياته على كفه (ḥayātahū) to risk one’s life; استدر الأكف istadarra l-akuffa to secure generous contributions

كفة kiffa, kaffa pl. كفف kifaf, كفاف kifāf palm of the hand; scale (of a balance)

كفة kaffa: كفة بارود k. bārūd (eg.) cartridge pouch

كفة kuffa pl. كفف kufaf edge, seam, hem, border

كفاف kafāf sufficiency, sufficient means for a living

كفاف kifāf border, edge, fringe, seam, hem

كفافة kifāfa hemming; hem

كفيف kafīf blind | كفيف البصر k. al-baṣar blind

كافة kāffa totality, entirety; (with foll. genit.) all; the people, the masses, the populace; kāffatan all without exception, one and all; altogether, in the aggregate, collectively

مكفوف makfūf pl. مكافيف makāfīf blind

كفأ kafa’a a (kaf’) to turn around, turn over, reverse, invert (هـ s.th.); to turn away, turn aside, turn back (من from) III to reward (ه s.o.); to requite, return, repay,

recompense (ب هـ s.th. with); to compensate, make up (ب هـ for s.th. with); to be similar, equal (هـ to s.th.), equal (هـ s.th.), be commensurate (هـ with); to measure up, come up (هـ to s.th.), compare favorably (هـ with) IV to turn over, reverse, invert (هـ s.th.) VI to be equal, be on a par; to (counter)balance each other, be perfectly matched VII to be turned away, be turned aside; to be changed, be altered; to recede, change, fade (color); to turn back, withdraw, retreat, fall back, give way; to be inverted, be reversed, be turned around or over; to fall down. tumble, topple

كفء kaf’, kif’, kuf’ pl. اكفاء akfā’, كفاء kifā’ equal, alike; adequate, appropriate, suitable, fit (ل for); equal (ل to s.o.), a match (ل for); qualified, capable, able, competent, efficient

كفوء kufū’, كفؤ kufu’ equal, comparable (ل to), a match (ل for)

كفاء kifā’ an equivalent

كفاء kafā’ equality; adequacy, adequateness

كفاءة kafā’a equality; adequacy, adequateness; comparableness; fitness, suitability, appropriateness; competence, efficiency, ability, capability; pl. كفاءات qualifications, abilities, capabilities

مكافأة mukāfa’a pl. -āt requital; recompense, remuneration; compensation, indemnification, indemnity; reward; stipend

تكافؤ takāfu’ mutual correspondence, equivalence; homogeneity, sameness

انكفاء inkifā’ retreat, withdrawal

مكافئ mukāfi’ equal, (a)like, of the same kind, homogeneous, corresponding, commensurate, equivalent

متكافئ mutakāfi’ alike, (mutually) corresponding, commensurate, equivalent, equal

كفت kafata i (kaft) to restrain, detain, turn away, prevent, hold back (من ه s.o. from) II to plate (ب هـ s.th. with); to inlay (هـ s.th.)

كفت kift cooking pot

كفتة kufta meat balls, hamburgers, oblong or round | سمك كفتة (samak) fried fish cakes; كفتة بطاطس potato dumplings stuffed with meat

كفيت takfīt inlaid work, inlay; plating, platework

مكفت mukaffat inlaid; coated, overlaid, plated

كفح kafḥ a (kafḥ) to face frankly, confront, encounter or meet face to face (ه s.o.) III = I; to combat (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), fight, battle, struggle, contend (ه against); to defend (عن s.th.), fight (عن for) | كافح اموره (umūrahū) to manage one’s affairs personally

كفاح kifāḥ and مكافحة mukāfaḥa opposition, fight, battle, struggle (with genit.: against); contention, strife

1 كفر kafara i (kafr) to cover, hide (هـ s.th.); -- (kufr, كفران kufrān, كفور kufūr) to be irreligious, be an infidel, not to believe (بالله in God); كفر بالله also: to blaspheme God, curse, swear; to renege one’s faith. become an infidel; to be ungrateful (ب or هـ for a benefit) II to cover, hide (هـ s.th.); to expiate (عن s.th.); to do penance, atone, make amends (ب عن for s.th. by or with); to grant remission (هـ عن to s.o. of his sins); to forgive (عن or ل هـ s.th. to s.o.), grant pardon (عن or ل هـ for s.th. to s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) an infidel, seduce (ه s.o.), o unbelief; to accuse of infidelity, charge with unbelief (ه s.o.) IV to make (ه s.o.) an infidel; to call (ه s.o.) an infidel, accuse (ه s.o.) of infidelity

كفر kafr pl. كفور kufūr small village, hamlet

كفر kufr and كفران kufrān unbelief, infidelity | كفر بالله godlessness, atheism; blasphemy, profanity; كفران بالنعمة (ni’ma) ingratitude, ungratefulness

كفار kaffār infidel, unbeliever

كفارة kaffāra penance, atonement (عن for a sin), expiation (عن of); reparation, amends; expiatory gifts, expiations (distributed to the poor at a funeral)

تكفير takfīr expiation (عن of), atonement, penance (عن for a sin); seduction to infidelity; charge of unbelief

كافر kāfir pl. –ūn, كفار kuffār, كفرة kafara, كفار kifār irreligious, unbelieving; unbeliever, infidel, atheist; ungrateful | كافر بالنعمة (ni’ma) ungrateful

2 كافور look up alphabetically

كفس kafisa a (kafas) to be bandy-legged VII do.

اكفس akfas2, f. كفساء kafsā’2, pl. كفس kufs bandy-legged

كفكف kafkafa to hold back (هـ tears)

كفل kafala u (kafl, كفالة kafāla) to feed, support (ه s.o.), provide (ه for s.o.; عائلة ‘ā’ilatan for a family); -- kafala u i, kafila a and kafula u (kafl, كفول kufūl, كفالة kafāla) to vouch, answer, go bail, be guaranty, be or stand sponsor, be responsible, liable, answerable (ب for); to guarantee, sponsor (ه s.o.); to be legal guardian (ه of s.o.); to secure; to warrant, ensure (هـ s.th.); to guarantee (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.); O to cover, back (currency with gold) II to feed, support (ه s. o.), provide (ه for); to admit as security sponsor or bail (ه s.o.); to name sponsor, ask to be security or to go bail, appoint security or bail (ه s.o.) III to conclude an agreement, make a contract (ه with s.o.) IV to appoint as security, sponsor or bail (ه s.o.), make (ه s.o.) go bail V to be security, go bail, vouch, be or become responsible, answerable or liable (ب ل to s.o. for), be sponsor (ب ل of s.o. for s.th.), guarantee (ب ل to s.o. s.th.); to obligate o.s. pledge o.s. (ب ل to s.o. to do s.th.); to undertake, take upon o.s. (ب s.th.) VI to vouch for each other, guarantee each other

كفل kafl guaranty, warranty

كفل kafal pl. اكفال akfāl, كفول kufūl rump, buttocks; croup of a horse

كفالة kafāla bail, guaranty, security, sponsorship; pledge, deposit, surety, collateral | كفالة مالية (mālīya) surety, security; bail; caution money; كفالة بالنفس (nafs) bail (esp. for due appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law); في كفالة فلان under the protection or tutelage of s.o., in s.o.’s custody

كفيل kafīl pl. كفلاء kufalā’2 responsible, liable, answerable; bail, bailsman, security, surety, sponsor, bondsman; guarantor (ب of s.th.); vouching (ب for s.th.), guaranteeing (ب s.th.); protector; legal guardian | كفيل بالنفس (nafs) bail, bailsman (esp. one guaranteeing the due appearance of a person in court; Isl. Law)

تكافل takāful mutual or joint responsibility; solidarity; mutual agreement

كافل kāfil pl. كفل kufal breadwinner, supporter, provider; bail, bailsman, security, surety, sponsor, bondsman; protector; legal guardian

مكفول (به ) makfūl (bihī) guaranteed; covered, backed (banknotes in circulation)

كفن kafana i (kafn) to cover with a winding sheet, to shroud, dress for the grave (هـ the deceased) II do.; to wrap (ب هـ s.th. in), cover (ب هـ s.th. with)

كفن kafn saltless

كفن kafan pl. اكفان akfān shroud, winding sheet

كفهر IV kafhara (اكفهرار ikfihrār) to be dark, grow dark, darken, be or become gloomy

اكفهرار ikfihrār darkness, dark; dusk, gloom, gloominess

مكفهر mukfahirr dim, dusky, gloomy; clouded, overcast; grave, sullen, melancholy

كفى kafā i (كفاية kifāya) to be enough, sufficient (ه for s.o.), suffice (ه s.o.); to meet all requirements; to protect (ه ه s.o. from s.o., هـ ه s.o. from s.th.); to save, spare (هـ ه s.o. a trouble) | وكفى wa-kafā and that’s all! enough of that! that’s enough! كفى الل عنك may God give satisfaction in your stead, or, may God make up for your shortcoming (said to s.o. making a mistake, or showing himself inadequate); كفى بالله وكيلا (wakīlan) God is the best protector; كفى حزنا ان (ḥazanan) it is sad enough that ...; كفاه مؤنة كذا (mu’nata) to save s.o. the trouble of III to be sufficient, enough (ه for s.o.), suffice (ه s.o.); to requite, repay, recompense, reward (ب ه s.o. with) VIII to be content, content o.s. (ب with s.th.)

كفاية kifāya sufficient amount, degree, extent, etc., sufficiency; that which suffices for performing a duty, a task, etc.; capability, capacity, ability, qualification; appropriateness, suitability, fitness; competence, efficiency, skill | بالكفاية sufficiently, enough; كفاية القتال fighting power; عدم الكفاية الجنسية ‘adam al-k. al-jinsīya sexual impotence; في هذا كفاية enough of that, that’s enough

كفي kafīy sufficient, enough

مكافاة mukāfāh reward; gratification

اكتفاء iktifā’ contentedness, contentment

كاف kāfin pl. كفاة kufāh sufficient, enough, adequate; appropriate, suitable, suited, fit; capable, able, qualified, skilled, skillful, competent, efficient

مكتف muktafin contented, content

1 كلا kilā, f. كلتا kiltā; كلي kilai, f. كلتي kiltai (with dependent genit. or suffix) both (of); see also alphabetically

2 كل kalla i (kall, كلة killa, كلال kalāl, ; كلالة kalāla, كلول kulūl, كلولة kulūla) to be or become tired, fatigued, weary, exhausted, weak; to be dim, dull, languid, expreosionless, (glance, eyes); to become blunt (sword) | لا يكل indefatigable, untiring II to crown (ه s.o., also fig. هـ s.th.); (Chr.) to perform the marriage ceremony

(priest); to become dull, obtuse, expressionless (face); to become blunt (sword) | كلل بالنجاح kullila bi-l-najāḥ to be crowned by success IV to make languid or tired, to weary, tire, fatigue, exhaust, wear out, harass, torment (ه s.o.); to dim (هـ the glance) V to be crowned; to wear a crown; (Chr.) to be married

كل kall weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; dimness, dullness; dull, dim, feeble (glance, mind)

كلة killa pl. -āt, كلل kilal thin veil, drape, curtain; mosquito net

كلل kalal, كلال kalāl and كلالة kalāla weariness, tiredness, fatigue, exhaustion; dimness, dullness

كليل kalīl exhausted, tired, weary, faint, languid; weak, feeble; dull, blunt

اكليل iklīl pl. اكاليل akālīl2, اكلة akilla crown; diadem; chaplet, wreath, garland, festoon; tonsure (Chr.); wedding, marriage ceremony (Chr.); umbel (bot.) | اكليل الجبل i. al-jabal rosemary (bot.); اكليل الشوك i. aš-šauk crown of thorns; اكليل الملك i. al-malik yellow sweet clover, melilot (Melilotus officinalis L.; bot.)

تكليل taklīl coronation, crowning

كال kāll tired, fatigued, faint, languid

مكلل mukallal adorned with a wreath, crowned; married (Chr.)

3 كل kull totality, entirety; everyone, each one, anyone; (with foil. def. noun) whole, entire, all; (with fall. indef. noun) every; الكل the whole. all, everything | بالكل on the whole, in the aggregate, taken altogether, in bulk; الكل بالكل everything, all-embracing, all-comprehensive, all-powerful; كل من فلان وفلان وفلان (kullun min) A as well as B as well as C; على كل ‘alā kullin in any case, at any rate; كله kulluhū he entirely, all of him, it entirely, all of it; كل ذلك kullu dālika all that; كل البيت kullu l-baiti or البيت كله al-b. kulluhū the whole house; كل الرجال or الرجال كلهم all men; الحقيقة كل الحقيقة (kullu l-ḥ.) the whole truth, nothing but the truth; السر كل السر (sirr) a very great secret; الخير كل الخير (kair) true or complete happiness; كل رجل kullu rajulin every man; كل شيء k. šai’in every thing, everything, all; كل احد k. aḥadin and كل واحد k. wāḥidin every (single) one, each one; كل من kullu man everyone who, whoever, whosoever; كل ما kullu mā all that …, whatever, whatsoever; كل ما في الأمر ان k. mā fī l-amri anna there is no more to it than ..., it’s nothing but ...; كل وقت kulla waqtin at any time, always; في كل سبعة ايام fī kulli sab‘ati ayyāmin in each seven days, every seven days; لكل الف li-kulli alfin per (one) thousand

كلما kullamā whenever; the more ..., in the same measure as … | كلما – كلما the more -- the more

كلي kullī total, entire, all-round, overall, sweeping, comprehensive, complete; absolute, universal

كلية kullīya totality, entirety; integrity, wholeness, entireness, completeness; (pl. -āt) faculty, school (of a university); college; institute of higher learning, academy, secondary school; كليات the complete works (of an author); الكليات the five logical predicates or general conceptions (philos.); kullīyatan wholly, entirely, totally, absolutely | بالكلية on the whole, in the aggregate, altogether; لا -- بالكلية not at all, absolutely not; بكليته in its entire being, completely, totally, entirely, wholly; كلية التجارة commercial college; كلية حربية (ḥarbīya) military academy

4 كلة kulla pl. كلل kulal bullet; cannon ball; shell, grenade; a marble

كلا kallā not at all, on the contrary; by no means! certainly not! never! no! (see also1 كل | كلا ثم كلا (tumma) a thousand times no! not at all!

كلأ kala’a a (كلء kal’, كلاء kilā’, كلاءة kilā’a) to guard, preserve, watch, protect (ه s.o.) VIII to find no sleep (eye)

كلأ kala’ pl. اكلاء aklā’ grass, herbage, pasture

كلوء kalū’: كلوء العين k. al-‘ain sleepless, awake

كلاسكي kilāsikī classic(a1)

كلاكس kalāks pl. -āt horn of an automobile

كلب kaliba a (kalab) to be seized by hydrophobia; to become mad, crazy; to covet greedily (على s.th.) VI to rage, rave, storm; to fan, pounce, rush in (على upon), assail (على s.o.); to assail each other, rush against each other X to be raging, raving, rabid, furious, mad, frenzied, possessed

كلب Icalb pl. كلاب kilāb dog | الكلب الأكبر the constellation Canis Major with its main star Sirius; الكلب الأصغر the constellation Canis Minor with its main star Procyon; كلب البحر k. al-baḥr shark; كلب الماء otter; beaver

كلبة kalba pl. -āt bitch

كلبي kalbī canine (adj.)

كلب kalab rabies, hydrophobia; burning thirst; greed (على for)

كلب kalib affected with rabies, rabid; mad; greedy

كلاب kullāb and كلوب kallūb pl. كلاليب kalālīb2 hook; cramp

كلابة kullāba pl. -āt (pair of) pincers, tongs

كليب kalīb pl. كلبى kalbā affected with rabies, rabid, raging

تكالب takālub fierce struggle, dogfight, free-for-all, melee, brawl; avidity, greed

مكلوب maklūb rabid, frenzied, crazed, possessed

كلبش kalabš manacles, handcuffs

كلت kalata i to pour, pour out (هـ s.th.)

كلح kalaḥa a (كلاح kulāḥ, كلوح kulūḥ) to frown, scowl, look gloomy IV and V do.

كلحة kalaḥa zone around the mouth, mien, facial expression

كالح kāliḥ grave, austere, somber, gloomy; fallow, livid, dull grey; turned colorless, faded

كلخ kalk giant fennel (Ferula communis L.; Ferula sinaica B.; bos.); -- (eg.) kalak ammoniac

الكلدان al-kaldān the Chaldeans

كلداني kaldānī Chaldean (adj. and n.); astrologer

1 كلس II to plaster with lime, whitewash (هـ s.th.); to calcine, calcify (هـ s.th.)

كلس kils lime

كلسي kilsī calcic, limy, lime- (in compounds) | حجارة كلسية limestone

كلاسة kallāsa limekiln

مكلس mukallas calcified

2 كلسة (It. calza) kalsa pl. -āt stocking

كواليس see كوليس

كلسون (Fr. caleçon) kalsūn pl. -āt (pair of men’s) drawers

كلسيطة (It. calzeta) kalsīṭa pl. كلاسط kalāsiṭ2 stocking

كلسيوم kalsiyōm calcium

كلف kalifa a (kalaf) to become brownish red (face); to become freckled, be covered with freckles; to like (ب s.th.), be intent, bent, set. keen (ب on), be very attached (ب to s.o. or s.th.), be very fond (ب of s.o. or s.th.); to be in love, fall in love (ب with s.o.) II to commission, charge, entrust (ه s.o., ب or هـ with), assign (ب or هـ ه to s.o. a task, a job); to cost (هـ ه s.o. a certain amount) | كلف خاطره (kāṭirahū) (eg.) to take the trouble, go to the trouble, bother; to put s.o. to the trouble, bother s.o.; كلفه شططا (šaṭaṭan) to overtask s.o., expect or demand too much of s.o.; (مشقة or مؤونة ...) كلف نفسه عناء (‘anā’a, ma‘ūnata, mašaqqata) to take the trouble to ..., to bother to ..., go to the trouble of …; كلفه ثمنا باهظا (tamanan) to cost s.o. dearly; مهما كلفه الأمر (mahmā, amr) whatever it may cost him, at any cost V to burden o.s., be burdened (هـ or ب with s.th.); to take upon o.s. (هـ a job, a task, coats, an office, etc.); to take over, defray, have to bear (هـ s.th., e.g., expenses); to do reluctantly or unwillingly, do in a studied or affected manner, simulate, feign, affect (هـ s.th.); to force o.s. (هـ to do s.th.). do s.th. (هـ ) with difficulty, e.g., تكلف الضحك (ḍaḥk) to force a laugh; to be affected, mannered, unnatural, stiff, formal, ceremonious, punctilious, stand on ceremony; to employ (هـ e.g., care), spend (على هـ an amount for); to cost (على s.o., هـ so-and-so much)

كلف kalaf (coll.; n. un. ة ) freckles | كلف الشمس k. aš-šams sunspots

كلف kalif very much in love (ب with), very attached (ب to), very fond (ب of)

كلفة kulfa pl. كلف kulaf discomfort; trouble, inconvenience; nuisance; ceremonial, ceremony, formality, ceremoniousness, affectedness of behavior, affectation, mannerism, pose; costs, expenses, expenditure, outlay; trimmings, fittings, accessories, notions, ornaments (buttons, buckles, clasps, braiding, lace, etc.); lady’s maid | الكلف الشمسية (šamsīya) the sunspots

كلاف kallāf stable hand, hostler, groom

كلافي kallāfī hirer of donkeys

اكلف aklaf2, f. كلفاء kalfā’2, pl. كلف kulf brownish red, russet; freckled; spotted

تكليف taklīf pl. تكاليف takālīf2 burdening, bothering, troubling, inconveniencing; commissioning, charging, authorization; commandment (of God); burden, annoyance, nuisance, bother; trouble, inconvenience, discomfort; fuss, ado; formality, ceremonial of courtesy, ceremony; expenses, expenditure, outlay, costs, charges, overhead; prime cost; taxes, imposts, duties; taxation, encumbrance with a tax; legal capacity (Isl. Law) | بلا تكليف informal(ly), unceremonious(ly), without (standing on) ceremony; كشف التكليف kašf at-t. terrier; تكاليف المعيشة t. al-ma‘īša cost of living

تكلف takalluf constraint, unnaturalness of manner; mannerism, airs, affectation, affected behavior; studied, unnatural manner; dissimulation, hypocrisy

مكلف mukallaf commissioned, authorized, charged (ب with); obligated, under obligation, liable (ب to do s.th.), responsible (ب for); bound, obliged (ب to do s.th.); subject to taxation, taxable; taxpayer; obligated to observe the precepts of religion (Isl. Law); legally capable, sane in mind, compos mentis (Isl. Law) | مكلف بالشؤون chargé d’affaires, diplomatic envoy

مكلفة mukallafa pl. -āt (eg.) terrier

متكلف mutakallaf formal, ceremonial, ceremonious; affected, studied, forced, outward., sham, false, artificial | ضحكة متكلفة (ḍahka) forced laugh

كلك kalak pl. -āt (ir.) raft of inflated skins

كلكتا kalkattā Calcutta (city in NE India)

كلاكيع kalākī‘2: كلاكيع العظام k. al-‘iẓām bone fragments

كلكل kalkala and II takalkala to become callous (skin)

كلكل kalkal pl. كلاكل kalākil2 chest, thorax | تحت كلاكله, تحت كلكله under the oppressive burden of s.th.; بكلكله to oppress s.o. gravely, weigh heavily upon s.o.

كلكلة kalkala callosity, callus

مكلكل mukalkal callous (skin)

كلم II to address (ه s.o.), speak, talk (ه to or with s.o.) III to speak, talk, converse (ه with s.o.) V to speak, talk (مع with or to s.o., عن or على about, of); to utter, express, voice, say (ب or هـ s.th.)

كلم kalm pl. كلوم kulūm, كلام kilām wound, cut, slash

كلمة kalima pl. -āt (coll. كلم kalim) word; speech, address; utterance, remark, saying; aphorism, maxim; brief announcement, a few (introductory) words; short treatise; importance, weight, influence, authority, ascendancy, powerful position | كلمة فكلمة kalimatan fa-kalimatan word by word, literally; بكلمة اخرى (ukra) in other words; القى كلمة alqā kalimatan to make a speech, give a public address; لي كلمة معك I’ve got to talk to you; جمعوا كلمتهم على (jama’ū kalimatahum) they decided unanimously to ..., they were unanimous about ...; اجتمعت كلمتهم ijtama’at kalimatuhum they united, joined forces, came to an agreement; اجتمعت كلمتهم على they were agreed that ...; توحيد الكلمة or جمع الكلمة jam’ al-k. union, joining of forces, unanimity; اتحاد الكلمة ittiḥād al-k. concord, agreement, harmony; تقسيم الكلمة dissension, variance, disunion; اعلى كلمته (a’lā) to raise the prestige of s.o.; علو الكلمة ‘ulūw al-k. and الكلمة العليا (‘ulyā) supremacy, hegemony; قال كلمته he said what he had to say, he had his say; كلمة الله the word of God, the Holy Scriptures; O كلمة المرور password, watchword, parole; الكلمات العشر (‘ašr) the ten Commandments; كلمة تمهيدية (tamhīdīya) preface; كلمة السر k. as-sirr, (ir.) كلم السر kalim as-sirr parole, watch-word, countersign

كلام kalām talking, speaking; speech; language, mode of expression, style; talk, conversation, discussion; debate, dispute, controversy; words, word, saying, utterance, statement, remark; aphorism, maxim, phrase, idiom, figure of speech; (gram.) sentence, clause | بالكلام orally, verbally; فتح فمه بالكلام (famahū) to open one’s mouth in order to say s.th., prepare to say s.th.; كلام فارغ idle talk, prattle, poppycock, bosh, nonsense; طريق الكلام manner of speaking, diction; علم الكلام ‘ilm al-k. scholastic theology (Isl.); كثير الكلام talkative, loquacious, garrulous; لغة الكلام lugat al-k. colloquial language, everyday speech

كلامي kalāmī of or pertaining to speech or words, speech-, word- (in oompounds), verbal; spoken, oral; scholastic, theological | مشادة كلامية (mašādda) battle of words, dispute, altercation

كليم kalīm pl. كلمى kalmā wounded, injured; sore; -- (pl. كلماء kulamā’) person addressed; speaker, spokesman, mouthpiece | كليم الله epithet of Moses

كليم see also alphabetically

كلماني kalmānī, kalamānī, killimānī eloquent; fluent speaker

تكلام tiklām, tikillām and تكلامة tiklāma, tikillāma eloquent; good talker, conversationalist; talkative, loquacious, garulous

مكالمة mukālama talk, conversation, discussion | مكالمة تليفونية telephone conversation

تكلم takallum speaking; talk, conversation; speech

متكلم mutakallim speaking (act. part.); speaker, spokesman; first person (gram.); Muslim theologian, scholastic

كلما kullamā see2 كل

كالون look up alphabetically

كلية kulya and كلوة kulwa pl. كلى kulan, كلاوى kalāwī kidney

كلوي kulwī of or pertaining to the kidneys, renal, nephric, nephritic, nephro- (in compounds) | التهاب كلوي inflammation of the kidneys, nephritis; مغص كلوي (magṣ) renal colic

كليشيه kilīšēh pl. -āt cliché

كليم kilīm pl. اكلمة aklima kilim, carpet, rug (usually long and narrow)

1 كم kam (interrogative and exclamatory particle with foll. noun in acc.) how much? how many! how much! | كم ولد لك (waladan) how many sons do you have? كم مرة (marratan) or كم من مرة how many times? how often? how often! كم بالحري (ḥarīy) how much more ...! how much rather ...! بكم for how much? how much (is it)?

2 كم kamm amount, quantity | نظرية الكم naẓariyat al-k. quantum theory (phys.)

كمي kammī quantitative

كمية kammīya pl. -āt amount, quantity, magnitude

3 كم kamma u (kamm) to cover, cover up, conceal, hide, cloak (هـ s.th.); to plug up, stop up (هـ s.th.); to muzzle (هـ s.o.) | كم فمه (famahū) to stop s.o.’s mouth, silence s.o. II to muzzle (هـ s.o.); to muffle s.o.’s (ه ) mouth; O to spike (هـ a cannon); to provide with sleeves (هـ a garment) IV to provide with sleeves (هـ a garment)

كم kumm pl. اكمام akmām, كممة kimama sleeve

كم kimm pl. اكمام akmām, اكمة akimma, كمام kimām, اكاميم akāmīm2 calyx (bot.); perianth (bot.)

كمام kimām muzzle

كمامة kimāma pl. -āt, كمائم kamā’im2 muzzle; cloth for muffling the mouth; mask; O gas mask; perianth, calyx

كمء kam’ pl. اكمؤ akmu’ truffle; mushroom

كمأة kam’a (pl.) truffles

كما ka-mā see ك ka

كمان kamān violin, fiddle

كمانجي kamānjī player of a كمنجة (q.v.)

كمب (Engl.) kamb camp

كمبيالة (It. cambiale) kambiyāla pl. -āt bill of exchange, draft

كمبريت kambarīt batiste, cambric

كمبيو (It. cambio) kambiyō exchange, money exchange; rate of exchange

كمت kamata u (kamt) to suppress (هـ one’s anger)

كميت kumait (m. and f.) reddish-brown, chestnut, bay, maroon

كمثرى kummatrā (coll.; n. un. كمثراة kummatrāh pl. كمثريات kummatrayāt) pear

كمح kamaḥa a (kamḥ) to pull up, rein in (هـ an animal) IV do.

1 كمخ kamaka a (kamk) with بانفه bi-anfihī to turn up one’s nose, be haughty IV = I

كماخ kumāk pride, haughtiness, overweening, self-conceit

2 كامخ kāmak, kāmik pl. كوامخ kawāmik2 vinegar sauce, pickle; (mixed) pickles

3 كمخا kamkā silk fabric, damask

كمد kamida a (kamd) to be sad, grieved, distressed, heartsick; to be smutty, swarthy, dull, flat (color); to fade, lose color, become discolored II to apply a hot compress, a hot pack (هـ to a limb) IV to sadden, grieve, worry, make heartsick (ه s.o.) X to become smutty, swarthy, dull, flat; to darken, become dark (color)

كمد kamd, kamad and كمدة kumda dull, swarthy color; dullness, duskiness, swarthiness; sadness, grief

كمد kamid and كميد kamld aad, grieved.

worried. heartaick; gloomy. dark

كمد kimād and كمادة kimāda compress, pack

اكمد akmad2 dark-colored, blackish, swarthy

تكميد takmīd application of hot compresses, fomentation

كامد kāmid sad, grieved, worried, heartsick; gloomy, dark; swarthy, dark-colored

مكمد mukammad and مكمدة mukammada pl. -āt compress, pack

1 كمر kamar pl. اكمار akmār belt

كمرة kamara pl. -āt beam, girder, specif., iron girder; arm, jib | كمرة حمالة (ḥammāla) and كمرة تحميل قضبان الونش (quḍbān al-winš) beam, bridge (of a traveling crane)

2 مكمور makmūr (eg.) dish of chopped meat and vegetables

كمرك (syr.) gumrug pl. كمارك gamārig2 customs; customhouse

كمركي gumrugī customs-, tariff- (in compounds)

كمساري kumsārī pl. كمسارية kumsārīya (eg.) (streetcar, railroad, etc.) conductor

كمش kamaša u (kamš) to seize, grasp, grip, clutch (هـ s.th.) V to become wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to recoil within o.s. cower, quail VII to become wrinkled, to wrinkle; to shrink; to contract; to tighten, become cramped, be convulsed; to recoil within o.s., cower, quail; to withdraw within o.s., become or be preoccupied with o.s. be self-absorbed; to collect one’s thoughts, gather one’s strength, concentrate (also with على نفسه )

كمشة kamša a handful

كمش kamiš, كميش kamīš adroit, skillful, skilled | كميش الإزار k. al-izār do.; efficient, active, diligent, industrious

كماشة kammāša pl. -āt (pair) of pincers

انكماش inkimāš absorption, preoccupation, self-absorption

منكمش munkamiš shrunk; cramped, clenched, convulsed; absorbed, preoccupied, self-absorbed, introverted

كمع III to sleep (ه with s.o.), embrace (ه s.o.), have sexual intercourse (ه with s.o.)

كميع kamī’ bedfellow

كمل kamala, kamula u and kamila a (كمال kamāl, كمول kumūl) to be or become whole, entire, integral, perfect, complete; to be finished, done, completed, accomplished; to be concluded, come to a close II and IV to finish, wind up, conclude, complete, consummate (هـ s.th.); to carry out, execute (هـ s.th.); to perfect, round out, complement, supplement (هـ s.th.) VI and VIII to be perfect, consummate, integral, be or become complete, finished, done, accomplished, concluded; to reach completion, fulfillment or perfection, to mature, ripen; to be perfected X to complete (هـ s.th.); to perfect (هـ s.th.); to round out, complement, supplement (. s.th.); to carry out, meet, fulfill (هـ s.th., e.g., conditions)

كمال kamāl pl. -āt perfection; completeness; completion, consummation, conclusion, termination, windup; maturity, ripeness | بكماله in its full scope, completely, entirely, wholly, totally

كمالي kamālī luxury, luxurious, de luxe; كماليات luxuries; luxury

كمالة kamāla (colloq.) that which fills up or completes a weight or number, a complement; addition, supplement

اكمل akmal 2 more complete, more perfect | باكمله entirely, wholly, totally; لندن باكملها all London

تكميل takmīl completion, complementing, perfecting, perfection; conclusion, termination, windup; consummation, execution

تكميلي takmīlī completing, complementing, complementary, supplementary | انتخاب تكميلي by-election

تكملة takmila supplement, complement

اكمال ikmāl completion, complementing, perfecting, perfection; conclusion, termination; windup; consummation, execution

تكامل takāmul integration; unification to a perfect whole | O حساب التكامل integral calculus

تكاملي takāmulī integrative; all-including and unifying to form a perfect whole

اكتمال iktimāl completion; maturity, ripeness

استكمال istikmāl conclusion, termination, finishing

كامل kāmil pl. كملة kamala perfect, consummate; genuine, sterling; complete, full, plenary, full-strength; completed, concluded; whole, entire, total, integral; name of a poetic meter; folio format (paper) | بكامله wholly, entirely, totally, altogether, in its entirety; O لبن كامل (laban) unskimmed, full-bodied milk

متكامل mutakāmil perfect; integrative; complete, integral

كمن kamana u and kamina a (كمون kumūn) to hide; to be hidden, concealed, latent; to have its secret seat (في in); to ambush, waylay (ل s.o.) V to lie in wait (ل for s.o.), ambush, waylay (ل s.o.) X to hide, lie concealed

كمنة kumna black cataract (med.)

كمان look up alphabetically

كمون kammūn cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.; bot.) | كمون اسود black caraway, black cumin (Nigella sativa L.; bot.); كمون بري (barrī) do.; كمون حلو (ḥulw) anise, aniseed

كمين kamīn pl. كمناء kumanā’2 hidden, lying in ambush; ambush, secret attack | دبر كمينا (dabbara) to hatch a plot; نصب له كمينا to set a trap for s.o.

مكمن makman pl. مكامن makāmin2 place whore s.th. is hidden; ambuscade;

ambush, hiding place | هنا مكمن السر hunā m. as-sirr that’s where the secret lies

كامن kāmin hidden, concealed, latent; secret; pl. كوامن kawāmin2 underlying factors, hidden background, latent depths

كمنجا kamanjā and كمنجة kamanja oriental stringed instrument having one or two strings; (Western) violin, fiddle

كمه kamah blindness (from birth)

اكمه akmah2, f. كمهاء kamhā’2, pl. كمه kumh blind, born blind

كمي kamīy pl. كماة kumāh, اكماء akmā’ armed and ironclad, in full armor; brave, valiant, courageous

كميون (Fr. camion) kamiyōn pl. -āt truck, lorry

كن kanna u (kann, كنون kunūn) to hide (هـ s.th.); to conceal, cover, cloak (هـ s.th.); to shelter, ensconce, contain (هـ s.th.); to harbor (ل هـ friendship toward); to calm down, subside, abate (wind) II to hide, conceal, secrete, keep secret (هـ s.th.); to calm, quiet, still, assuage (هـ s.th.) IV to hide, conceal, secrete, keep secret (هـ s.th.) VIII to be hidden, be concealed X to be hidden, be concealed; to seek shelter; to lie comfortably, nestle, cuddle, snuggle; to calm down

كن kann, kinn pl. اكنان aknān, اكنة akinna place where one is sheltered; cover, shelter, retreat, refuge; nest; home, house, hut; arbor, bower

كنة kanna pl. كنائن kanā’in2 daughter-in-law; sister-in-law

كنة kinna shelter, cover, covering

كنة kunna pl. -āt, كنان kinān shed roof, pent roof, awning

كنان kinān pl. -āt akinna shed roof, pent roof, awning

كنانة kināna pl. كنائن kanā’in2 quiver (for arrows) | ارض كنانة arḍ kināna, الكنانة Egypt (land of the Kinana tribe)

كانون kānūn pl. كوانين kawānīn2 stove

كانون kānūn: كانون الأول k. al-awwal December (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.); كانون الثاني k. at-tānī January (Syr., Leb., Jord., Ir.)

كنين kanīn hidden, concealed; well-kept

مكنون maknūn hidden, concealed; well-kept; hidden content

1 كنار kanār edge, rim, border, fringe, hem, selvage

2 كناري kanārī canary

1 كنب kanab callocity, callus

كنب kanib and مكنب muknib callous (skin)

2 كنبه or كنبيه (Fr. canapé) kanabēh pl. -āt sofa

الكنج al-kunj the Congo

كنجرو kangarū kangaroo (eg.)

1 كنود kunūd ingratitude

كنود kanūd ungrateful

2 كندا kanadā Canada

كندي kanadī Canadian

1 كندر kundur frankincense

2 كندرة kundura pl. كنادر kanādir2 (syr.) (Western-style) shoe

كندش kunduš magpie

كنار look up alphabetically

كنز kanaza i (kanz) to bury (في الأرض in the ground, هـ a treasure); to pile up, heap up, lay up, accumulate, amass, collect, gather, save, hoard (هـ s.th.) VIII to be firm, compact, sturdy, strapping; to accumulate, amass, gather (هـ money, treasures); to hide (هـ money, treasures)

كنز kanz pl. كنوز kunūz treasure

كنز kaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy, strapping (body)

اكتناز iktināz strong, sturdy build, sturdiness, compactness, stoutness (of the body)

مكتنز muktaniz firm, compact (flesh); sturdy (body); compressed, pinched (lips); massive, strong; -- muktanaz accumulated, amassed; hidden, buried

كنس kanasa u (kans) to sweep (هـ the house) II do.

كنس kans sweeping, cleaning

الكنسة al-kansa visit of the ulema to the tomb of the Imam al-Shāfi‘ī where they sweep away the dust

كناس kannās sweeper; street sweeper, street cleaner

كناسة kunāsa sweepings, refuse, garbage, offal

كنيس kanīs nose bag

كنيس kanīs synagogue

كنيسة kanīsa pl. كنائس kanā’is2 church (Chr.); synagogue, temple (Jud.)

كنسي kanasī and كنائسي kanā’isī ecclesiastic(al); clerical

مكنسة miknasa pl. مكانس makānis2 broom; O sweeper, street sweeper (machine) | مكنسة كهربائية (kahrabā’īya) vacuum cleaner

مكناس miknās2, مكناسة miknāsa2 Meknes (city in N Morocco)

كناش kunnāš, كناشة kunnāša scrapbook; كناشات fundamentals, principles

كنصول (Fr. console) kunṣōl pl. -āt console

كنعان kan‘ān Canaan

كنغر kangar kangaroo

كنف kanafa u (kanf) to guard, protect (ه s.o.); to fence in, hedge, provide with an enclosure (هـ s.th.); to surround (هـ s.th., ه s.o.); to help, assist (ه s.o.) III and IV to shelter, protect, help, assist (ه s.o.) VIII to surround (on both sides), enclose, embrace (هـ s.th.)

كنف kanaf pl. اكناف aknāf side, flank; wing; shadow, shelter, pale, fold; bosom | في كنف under cover of ..., in an atmosphere of ...; في اكنافه under his protection, under his sponsorship

كنافة kunāfa pl. -āt vermicelli baked in sugar, melted butter and honey

كنيف kanīf pl. كنف kunuf water closet, toilet; public lavatory

مكتنف muktanaf surrounded, enclosed (ب by)

كنفاش (Engl.) kanfāš canvas

كنكة kanaka (= تنكة eg.) pl. -āt coffee pot

1 كنكن kankana to stay at home; to settle down, make o.s. at home; to nestle, snuggle, cuddle up

2 كنكينا kanakīnā quinine

كنه VIII to fathom, probe, sound, investigate, explore (هـ s.th.), look (هـ into

s.th.); to get to the bottom (هـ of s.th.); to understand thoroughly, grasp in its entirety (هـ s.th.) X to seek to explore or find out (هـ s.th.); to fathom, discover, find out, grasp, understand (هـ s.th.)

كنه kunh utmost degree, extreme; core, essence, substance, true nature, essential being | يعرفه كنه المعرفة ya‘rifuhū kunha l-ma‘rifa he understands it most thoroughly, he grasps its very essence

تكنهات takannuhāt = تكهنات

اكتناه iktināh and استكناه istiknāh fathoming, penetration, exploration

كنهور kanahwar cumuli

كنو ) and كنا (كني kanā u and كنى kanā i (كناية kināya) to use metonymically ( ب عن s.th. for); to allude (عن ب with s.th. to); -- كنى kanā i (كنية kunya) and II to call (ه s.o.) by the surname of (ب ) V and VIII to be known by the surname of (ب ), call o.s. by the surname of (ب )

كنية kunya pl. كنى kunan surname, agnomen (consisting of abū or umm followed by the name of the son)

كناية kināya indirect expression, metonymy; allusion; indirect declaration of (legal) intent (Isl. Law) | بالكناية indirect, not clear and unequivocal (as opposed to صريح); هو كناية عن it is tantamount to ..., it means ..., it stands for ..., it consists in ...; كناية عن kināyatan ‘an tantamount to; in lieu of, instead of

مكني عنه maknīy ‘anhu metonymically expressed

مكنى mukannan surnamed

كهرب kahraba to electrify, electrize (هـ s.th.); to ionize (هـ s.th.) II takahraba to be electrified, be electrized, become electric; to be charged with electricity; to be ionized

كهربة kahraba electrization, electrification; electricity

كهرب kahrab pl. كهارب kahārib2 electron

كهيرب kuhairib pl. -āt electron

كهيربي kuhairibī electronic, electron- (in compounds) | المجهر الكهيربي (mijhar) electron microscope

كهاربي kahāribī electronic, electron- (in compounds)

كهرباء kahrabā’ and كهربا kahrabā amber; electricity; الكهرباء (eg.) the street-car, the trolley

كهربائي kahrabā’ī and كهربي kahrabī electric(al); electrician | تيار كهربائي (ṭayyār) electric current; جامعة كهربائية storage battery, secondary battery, accumulator; مصباح كهربائي (miṣbāḥ) electric lamp, lightbulb; علاج كهربائي diathermy; عالم كهربائي electrophysicist; مغنطيس كهربائي (magnaṭīs) electromagnet; مغنطيسية كهربائية electromagnetism; نور كهربائي (nūr) electric light

كهربائية kahrabā’īya and كهربية kahrabīya electricity

مكهرب mukahrab electrically charged, electrized, electrified; O electrically conductive, conducting, ionized; O electrically ignited, provided with electric ignition

كهرطيسي kahraṭīsī electromagnetic

كهرمان kahramān amber

كهف kahf pl. كهوف kuhūf cave, cavern; depression, hollow, cavity | كهف رئوي (ri’awī) pulmonary abscess, vomica (med.); اصحاب الكهف the Seven Sleepers

كهل kahala a (كهول kuhūl), kahula u (كهولة kuhūla) and VIII to be middle-aged, be at the height of one’s life

كهل kahl pl. كهل kuhhal, كهال kihāl, كهول kuhūl, كهلان kuhlān middle-aged, man of mature age

كهل kuhūla maturity of age

كاهل kāhil pl. كواهل kawāhil2 upper part of the back; withers | ثقل كاهله taqqala kāhilahū to load, burden, encumber s.o. or s.th., e.g., ثقل كاهل الميزان (k. al-mīzān) to burden the budget; تخفيف العبء عن كاهله (t. al-‘ib’) unburdening, disencumbrance of s.o. or s.th.

كهامة kahāma dullness, bluntness; lassitude languor, weakness

1 كهن kahana a u (كهانة kahāna) to predict the future, tell the fortune (ل of s.o.), prophesy (ل to s.o.) V to predict, foretell, presage, prophesy (ب s.th.)

كهانة kahāna prediction; prophecy

كهانة kihāna divination, soothsaying, fortunetelling

كهنوت kahnūt, kahanūt priesthood | رجال الكهنوت the clergy, the ministry

كهنوتي kahanūtī priestly, sacerdotal, ministerial, clerical, ecclesiastic(al)

مكهن makhan (place of an) oracle

تكهن takahhun pl. -āt prediction, prophecy; conjecture, surmise

كاهن kāhin pl. كهان kuhhān, كهنة kahana diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator, fortuneteller; priest رئيس الكهنة and كبير الكهنة high priest

متكهن mutakahhin diviner, soothsayer, prognosticator, fortuneteller

2 كهنة kuhna rags, shreds, scrap, junk; ragged, tattered

كهنجي kuhnajī ragman, rag picker

كهاية kihāya administrative district in Tunisia

كاهية kāhiya pl. كواه kawāhin chief officer of a كهاية ; deputy, vice-, under-, sub- (Tun.)

كوة kūwa pl. -āt, كوى kuwan, كواء kiwā’ aperture; small window, attic window, skylight; peephole

كواليني kawālīnī pl. -ya locksmith

كوب kūb pl. اكواب akwāb drinking glass, tumbler, (ir.) cup

كوبة kūba drinking glass, tumbler; hearts (in a deck of cards)

كوبرته (It. coperta) kūbarta deck (of a ship)

كوبري (Turk. köprü) kūbrī pl. كباري kabārī bridge (eg.)

كوبنهاج (Fr. Copenhague) Copenhagen

كوبنهاجن kōbinhāgin Copenhagen

كوبيا (It. copia) kōbiyā copy | قلم كوبيا qalam k. copying pencil, indelible pencil

كوبيل (Engl. cobble) cobbled pavement, cobblestones

كوبيه (It. copia) kōbiya copy

الكويت al-kuwait Kuwait

كوتر (Engl. cutter) kōtar pl. كواتر kawātir2 (eg.) cutter, yawl

كوثة kauta fertility; abundance, profusion

كوثر kautar much, ample, abundant, plentiful, large quantity; الكوثر al-kautar name of a river in Paradise

كوثل kautal stern (of a ship)

مكوجي see1 كوى

2 كوخ kūk pl. اكواخ akwāk hut

2 كاخية look up alphabetically

1 كاد (كود ) kāda (1st pers. perf. kidtu) imperf. يكاد yakādu to be on the point (ان of doing s.th.), be about (ان to do s.th.), (with imperf.) it wouldn’t have taken much more ..., he (it) all but ..., he (would have) almost | كاد يموت he almost died; كدت اذهب kidtu adhabu I almost went; يكاد يكون في حكم العدم (ḥukmi l-’adam) it is almost as good as nonexistent; (with neg. corresponding to Engl. “hardly, scarcely, barely; no sooner ..., as soon as ...”:) ما كاد يقوم no sooner had he got up ...; لا تكاد ترى (tarā) you will hardly ever see, or, you barely see, or, the moment you see …; لم يكد يراها lam yakad yarāhā no sooner had he seen her, the moment he saw her; لم يكد – حتى and ما كاد -- حتى no sooner – than, as soon as he -- he ..., the moment he – he …

كاد kād: بالكاد almost, nearly; see also alphabetically

2 كود II to heap up, pile up (هـ s.th.)

كودة kauda pl. اكواد akwād heap, pile

3 كودية زار (eg.) kudyit zār woman leader of the Zar ritual

1 كور II to roll, roll up, coil, roll into a ball (هـ s.th.), to wind (هـ the turban); to make round, ball-shaped (هـ s.th.); to clench (قبضته qabḍatahū one’s list) V to become round, be or become ball-shaped, globular, spherical, to curl up (in a lying position); to conglomerate, form or gather into a ball

كور kūr pl. اكوار akwār, اكور akwur, كيران kīrān camel saddle; forge, furnace, smelting furnace, bellows

كورة kūra pl. كور kuwar district, rural district, small town, village, ball (= كرة )

كورى see below, alphabetically

كوارة kuwāra pl. كوائر kawā’ir2 beehive

كوروي kūrawī ball-shaped, globular, spherical

مكور mikwar and مكورة mikwara turban

مكور mukawwar ball-shaped, globular, round

2 كار look up alphabetically

بالكورجة bi-l-kauraja in the bulk, wholesale, in the lump

كوردون (Fr. cordon) kordōn pl. -āt cordon; ribbon, braid, lace, trimming

كورس (Engl.) kōras chorus (also fig.); choir

كورسيه (Fr. corset) korsēh pl. كورسيهات korsēhāt corset

كورك , كوريك (Turk. kürek) kūrēk forced labor (eg.)

كورنيش (Fr. corniche) see كرنيش

كورريا kōriyā Korea

كوري kōrī Korean

كوريك see كريك and كورك

كوز kūz pl. اكواز akwāz, كيزان kīzān small jug of clay or tin; mug, tankard | كوز الذرة k. ad-dura (eg.) corncob

1 كوس kūs pl. -āt small drum

2 كاس kās pl. اكواس akwās = كأس

3 كويس kuwayyis (eg.) nice, fine, pretty, comely, handsome, beautiful

اكوس akwas2 more beautiful, prettier, nicer

كوسا or كوسى kūsā (coll.; n. un. كوساة kūsāh, كوساية kūsāya) (eg., syr.) zucchini; see also under كيس

كوسج kausaj swordfish (Xiphias gladius)

كوشة kūša pl. كوش kuwaš kiln (specif., limekiln)

كوع kū’ and كاع kā’ pl. اكواع akwā’, كيعان kī’ān projecting carpal end of the radius, wristbone; elbow (anat.); kū’ elbow, angle, bend (of a pipe); curve, turn, bend (of a road) | كوع الماسورة kneepiece or elbow of a pipe; لا يعرف الكوع من البوع (ya’rifu) he doesn’t know his knee from his elbow (proverbially of a stupid person)

كوف V to band together, throng together, gather in a crowd

الكوفة al-kūfa Kufa (town in Iraq)

كوفي kūfī Kufic; Kufic writing; الكوفيون the Kufic (school of) grammarians

كوفية kūfīya pl. -āt kaffiyeh, square kerchief diagonally folded and worn under the ‘iqāl as a headdress

كوك (Engl.) kōk coke

كوكب kaukab pl. كواكب kawākib2 star (also, fig., of screen, stage, etc.); leucoma, white opacity in the cornea of the eye | كوكب سينمائي (sīnamā’ī) film star

كوكبة kaukaba star; group, troop, party; (pl. كواكب kawākib2) (Syr.; mil.) squadron (of armored units, of cavalry)

كوكبي kaukabī star-shaped, stelliform, starlike, stellular, stellate, stellar; starry, starred; astral

كوكتيل koktēl cocktail

كولان kaulān, kūlān papyrus (Cyperus papyrus; bot.)

كولومبو kolombō Colombo (capital of Ceylon)

كولومبيا kolombiyā Colombia

كولونيا kolōniyā Cologne; Eau de Cologne

كوليرا (Fr. choléra) kōlīrā cholera

كوليس kūlīs pl. كواليس kawālīs2 side scene, coulisse, backdrop | وراء الكواليس behind the scene, backstage (also fig.)

كوالين pl. of كالون , which see (alphabetically); كواليني ibid.

كوم II to heap, pile up, stack up (هـ s.th.) V to be piled up; to pile up; to accumulate; to sink to the ground, crumple, collapse in a heap

كوم kaum pl. اكوام akwām, كيمان kīmān heap, pile; hill; pl. كيمان kīmān esp. garbage piles, refuse dump

كومة kauma, kūma pl. -āt, كوم kuwam, اكوام akwām heap, pile; mass | كومة الحطب k. al-ḥaṭab pyre, stake

كوماندان kom6ndan commBndant, commander

كومساري see كمساري

كومسيوجي kūmisyōjī commission merchant

كومودينو (It. coomidino) komudīnū bedside table

كوميديا kōmīdiyā comedy

1 كان (كون ) kāna u (kaun, كيان kiyān, كينونة kainīna) to be; to exist; to happen, occur, take place; with acc. of the predicate: to be s.th.; with foll. perf. denoting the pluperfect; with foll. imperf. expressing duration in the past = Engl. progressive past: was doing (often corresponding to Engl. “used to ...”, “would ...”); with ل : to belong to, be one’s own (كان له بيت he had or owned a house); with ل and s.th.: to be the right man for, be qualified for; with من : to belong to, pertain to; with على : to be incumbent on, be the duty of; with الى : to be assigned to, be the lot or share of, be left to, be due (s.o.) | ما يكون foll. the elative: على اتم ما يكون (atammi) in the moat perfect manner conceivable, as perfect(ly) as possible; اقوالهم اقرب ما تكون الى الصواب (ṣawāb) what they said came quite close to the truth: لم يكن ل (lam yakun) or ما كان ل (with foll. subjunctive) he is (or was) not the right man for, he was not capable of, he was not in a position to ...; it is (or was) not apt to ...; لم يكن ليصعب عليه ان (li-yaṣ’uba) it wouldn’t have been difficult for him to …, there was no reason why he couldn’t have ...; ما كان منه الا ان (or لم يكن ) (illā an) he had no other choice but to ..., there was nothing for him to do but to ...; he did no more than ...; ما كان له ان it is (or was) impossible for him to ...; he is (or was) unable to ...; اصبح في خبر كان aṣbaḥa fī kabari k. to disappear, become dated, belong to the past; كان وكان a popular form of poem consisting of quatrains II to make, create, produce, originate, bring forth, bring into being, form, shape, fashion (هـ s.th.) V to be created, be formed; to come into existence, form, arise, develop; to consist, be composed, be made up (من of), be formed (من by) X to become lowly, humble, miserable; to submit, yield, surrender, humble o.s., abase o.s., eat humble pie; to abandon o.s., give o.s. over (الى to s.th.)

كون kaun pl. اكوان akwān being, esse; existence; event, occurrence, incident; الكون the existent, the existing, reality; the world; the cosmos, the universe | الكون الأعلى (a‘lā) the Supreme Being, God; with foll. genit. or suffix of the logical subject and acc. of the predicate: the fact that s.o. or s.th. is ..., لكونه مجنونا li-kaunihī majnūnan because he is mad, مع كونه مجنونا although he is mad

كوني kaunī of or relating to the universe or cosmos, universal, cosmic, cosmo- (in compounds) | O الأشعة الكونية (aši‘‘a) cosmic rays; نظام كوني cosmic system

كيان kiyān being, esse; existence; essence, substance; nature

اليكون al-yakūn the sum total

مكان makān pl. امكنة amkina, اماكن amākin2 place where one is or stands; place, site, spot, location; passage (in a book); locality, locale; seat, place (e.g., in a railroad compartment); position, standing, rank, dignity; importance, consequence, weight; space (philos.); presence; situation, conditions, circumstances; مكان makāna in the place of, in lieu of, instead of | لو كنت مكانك lau kuntu makānaka if I were in your place, if I were you; مكانه makānahū on the spot, at once; مكانك makānak stop! في كل مكان everywhere; اخلى مكانا (aklā) to make room; احتل مكانا مكينا (ihtalla) to have or hold a strong, powerful position; هو من الشجاعة بمكان (šajā‘a) he is extremely brave; ذلك من الأهمية بمكان (ahammīyah) that is of considerable importance; هاته النظرية من الضعف بمكان (naẓarīya, ḍu‘f) this theory is rather weak; مكان الشيء من نفسه (nafsihī) the importance of s.th. for s.o., the place that s.th. has in s.o.’s mind; مكان الحديث site of action, scene of the crime, locus delicti; ظرف المكان ẓarf al-m. adverb of place (gram.); اماكن وعرة (wa‘ra) difficult terrain, rugged country

مكانة makāna pl. -āt place; location, situation; position, office; standing, authority, influence, rank, dignity | مكانة الصدر m. aṣ-ṣadr first place, precedence, priority

مكاني makānī local

مكانية makānīya spatiality (philos.)

تكوين takwīn forming, shaping, formation, creation, origination; (pl. تكاوين takāwīn2) formation (of rock; geol.) | جميل التكوين well-shaped, shapely; سفر التكوين sifr at-t. the Genesis

تكون takawwun genesis, birth, nascency, origin, incipience, rise, development; formation

استكانة istikāna yielding, submission, resignation, passivity

كائن kā’in being; existing, existent; situated, located; a being, entity, creature, creation; (pl. -āt) thing; s.th. existing, an existent | الكائن المطلق (muṭlaq) the Absolute Being, God; الكائنات the created things, the universe, the world; كائنا من كان (man) whoever it may be; كائنا ما كان be it what it may, whatever it may be

مكون mukawwin creator; -- mukawwan made, created; consisting, composed, made up (من of), formed (من by)

مستكين mustakīn humiliated, oppressed, resigned, submissive

2 كيوان look up alphabetically

كونتراتو (It. contratto) kontrātō agreement, accord, treaty, contract

كونكرداتو (It. concordato) konkurdātō settlement, composition (between debtor and creditors)

كونياك konyāk cognac

مكوه for مكوى see1 كوى

1 كوى kawā i (كي kayy) to burn (هـ s.th.); to sear (هـ s.th.); to cauterize, treat with a cautery (ه s.o.; med.); to brand (ه s.o.); to bite, burn (acid); to sting (scorpion); to press, iron (هـ laundry, and the like) VIII to be burned, be seared; to be cauterized; to be pressed, be ironed; to burn o.s., burn one’s skin

كي kayy burning; cauterization, cautery; pressing, ironing | حجر الكي ḥajar al-k. lunar caustic, silver nitrate; O الكي الكهربائي (kahrabā’ī) diathermy

كية kayya a burn, a brand

كواء kawwā’ slanderer, calumniator; ironer, presser

كواية kawwāya ironing woman, ironer

كوية kawīya (syr.) press, crease (in trousers)

مكواة mikwāh and مكوى makwan pl. مكاو makāwin flatiron; hot iron (for cauterizing), cautery (med.) | مكواة الشعر m. aš-ša‘r curling iron

مكوى makwan ironing establishment

مكوجي makwajī ironer, presser; laundryman

كاو kāwin caustic

2 كوى kuwan see كوة

1 كي kai, لكي li-kai so that, in order that, in order to | كي لا and لكي لا in order not to, lest

كيما kai-mā, لكيما li-kai-mā that, so that, in order that, in order to

2 كي kayy and كية kayya see1 كوى

1 كيت kīt Indian dress material

2 كيت وكيت kaita wa-kaita, kaiti wa-kaiti so and so, such and such, thus and thus

1 كاد (كيد ) kāda i (kaid, مكيدة makīda) to deceive, dupe, outwit (ه s.o.); to harm by artful machinations (ل s.o., s.th.), lay snares (ل for s.o.), plot s.o.’s (ل ) downfall, conspire (ل against s.o.) III to deceive, dupe, outwit (ه s.o.); to seek to double-cross (ه s.o.)

كيد kaid pl. كياد kiyād ruse, artifice, stratagem; craftiness, slyness, cunning, subtlety; deception, deceit; artful plot; trick, dodge

مكيدة makīda pl. مكايد makāyid2 ruse, artifice, trick; smart action, clever approach, shrewd policy; stratagem; plot, conspiracy, machinations, schemes, intrigues

2 كاد look up alphabetically

كير kīr pl. اكيار akyār, كيران kīrān bellows

كيروسين (Engl.) kirūsīn kerosene

كاس (كيس ) kāsa i (kais, كياسة kiyāsa) to be smart, clever, intelligent; to be nice, fine, pretty, comely, handsome, attractive, chic II to refine, make elegant

كيس kais smartness, cleverness, intelligence; subtlety, finesse, gracefulness, elegance

كيس kais m. and f., pl. اكياس akyās, كيسة kiyasa, sack; bag; pouch; purse; Turkish towel | كيس الوسادة pillowcase, pillow slip; كيس الصفراء k. aṣ-ṣafrā’ gall, bile; على كيسه at his expense

كيس kayyis pl. اكياس akyās, كيسى kaisā, f. كيسة kayyisa, pl. كياس kiyās sly, smart, astute, shrewd, sagacious; adroit, dexterous, skillful; nice, fine, elegant, stylish, chic, attractive, comely, pretty, handsome

كياسة kiyāsa adroitness, dexterity, skill; cleverness, smartness, astuteness, shrewdness, slyness, sagacity, subtlety, finesse; courtesy, civility, politeness; gracefulness, grace; elegance, chic, stylishness

اكيس akyas2, f. كيسى kīsā and كوسى kūsā, pl. كيس kīs smarter, slier; more skillful; more stylish, more chic, nicer

مكيس mukayyis and مكيساتي mukayyisātī (eg.) bath attendant, masseur

مكيس mukayyas shrewd, subtle, astute, smart, sly

كيف II to form, shape, fashion, mold (هـ s.th.); to fit, condition, modify, conform, adjust, adapt (هـ s.th., نفسه o.s.); to regulate (هـ s.th.); to put in high spirits, exhilarate, amuse, delight (هـ s.o.); to intoxicate slightly, dope, stupefy (ه s.o.; of a narcotic) Y to be shaped, be formed; to assume a form, take on a shape; to adapt o.s., adjust o.s., conform; to be in high spirits, be cheerful, gay; to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s., have a good time, have fun; to revel; to be slightly intoxicated, be tipsy, fuddled; to smoke (tobacco, etc.)

كيف kaifa (interrogative and exclamatory particle) how? how ...! | كيف حالك (ḥāluka) how are you? كيف لا و why shouldn’t it be so since ...! فكيف ب just imagine how much more (or less) ...! and how much more ...! and how much less …!

كيفما kaifamā however, howsoever | كيفما كان الحال whatever the case may be, be that as it may; in any case, at any rate

كيف kaif state, condition; mood, humor, state of mind, frame of mind; pleasure, delight, well-being, good humor, high spirits; discretion, option. will; (pl. كيوف kuyūf) narcotic, opiate | على كيفك at your discretion, as you please; as you wish, as you like; اصحاب الكيف bons vivants, epicures

كيفي kaifī arbitrary, discretionary, optional; qualitative

كيفية kaifīya manner, mode, fashion; property, quality; nature, state, condition; particulars, particular circumstances (e.g., of an event) | كيفية العمل k. al-‘amal operation (e.g., of a machine); كيفية الاستعمال directions for use

تكييف takyīf forming, shaping, fashioning; formation; a.daptation, adjustment, conditioning, modification; regulation; descriptive designation, qualification; air conditioning, = تكييف الهواء t. al-hawā’

تكيف takayyuf adaptation, adjustment, conformity

مكيفة mukayyifa, مكيفة الهواء m. al-hawā’ pl. -āt air-conditioning installation, air conditioner

مكيفات mukayyifāt narcotics, opiates

1 كيكة kaika pl. كياكي kayākī egg

2 كيكة kīka, كيكا kīkā (eg.) hide-and-seek

كال (كيل ) kāla i (kail, مكال makāl, مكيل makīl) to measure (هـ s.th.); to weigh (هـ s.th.); to compare by measuring (ب هـ s.th. with), measure s.th. (هـ ) by the standard of (ب ); to measure out, mete out, allot, apportion (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.) | كال له الشتائم to heap abuse on s.o.; كال له اللطمات (laṭamāt) to give s.o. a beating, spank, thrash s.o. II to measure (هـ s.th.) III to return like for like, repay in kind (ه to s.o.)

كيل kail pl. اكيال akyāl measure; dry measure for grain; holding capacity

كيلة kaila pl. -āt kilah, a dry measure (Eg. = 16.72 l; Pal. = 361)

كيلي kailī and مكيل makīl (volumetrically) measurable, volumetric(al)

كيال kayyāl corn measurer; one who metes out, who determines the right measure, muter, lord

مكيال mikyāl pl. مكاييل makāyīl2 and مكيل mikyal, مكيلة mikyala pl. مكايل makāyil2 measure; dry measure for grain | الموازين والمكاييل the weights and measures

كيلو kīlō and كيلوجرام kilogrām pl. -āt kilogram

كيلوسيكل (Fr. kilocycle) kīlōsikl pl. -āt kilocycle (radio)

كيلومتر kīlōmitr pl. -āt kilometer

كيلوواط kīlōwāṭ kilowatt

كيلون = كالون look up alphabetically

كيما kai-mā see1 كي

كيموس kaimūs gastric juice

كيمياء kīmiyā’ chemistry; alchemy | الكيمياء الاحيائية (aḥyā’īya) biochemistry; كيمياء التربة k. at-turba agricultural chemistry

كيمي kīmī chemical

كيميائي kīmiyā’ī, كيماوي kīmāwī chemical; -- (pl. -ūn) chemist; alchemist;

كيماويات kīmāwīyāt chemicals

(كين) كان kāna i (kain) to humble o.s., abase o.s., eat humble pie, submit, resign o.s. X do.

كينا kīnā quinine | خشب الكينا kašab al-k. cinchona, china bark, Peruvian bark

كينين kīnīn quinine

كيهك kiyahk, kīhak the fourth month of the Coptic year

كيوان kaiwān the planet Saturn

كيوبيد (Engl.) kiyūbīd Cupid

ل

1ل la (intensifying particle) truly, verily; certainly, surely; frequently after ان inna, introducing the predicate: ان ربي لسميع الدعاء inna rabbī la-samī’ d-du’ā’ truly, my Lord hears the prayer; also as a correlative of لو lau and لولا lau-lā: لو كنت تفعل هذا لكان انفع (la-kāna anfa’a) if you did this it would be more useful; لولا تاب لهلك lau-lā tāba la-halaka if he had not repented he would have perished; (particle of oath) لعمرك la-’amruka by your life!

2ل li 1. (prep.) for; on behalf of, in favor of; to (of the dative); because of; for the sake of; due to, owing to; for, for the purpose of; at the time of, when, as; by (designating the author or originator); occasionally substituting for الى ; as to ل paraphrasing the genit. and acc. see grammar | لي عليه مال he owes me money; ما له وما علبه his right and his duty; his credit and his debit, his assets and his liabilities; له ان he has a right to ..., he is entitled to ..., he may ...; it is possible for him to ..., he is able to ..., he can ...; ليس لي ان I have no right to , it does not behoove me to ...; لك هذا or لك ذلك you can have that! it’s up to you; it’s all right with me! all right! O.K.! agreed! هل لك في or الك في would you like ...? do you want ...? do you feel like ...? قرأت له كتابا I read a book by him, I read one of his books; لا تدوم له حال (tadūmu) no state is of any permanence with him, he is never the same for a very long timeقاموا لمعاونتنا (li-mu’āwanatinā) they set out in our support; لسبع ليال خلون من شعبان li-sab’i layālin kalauna min ša’bāna when seven nights of Shaban had passed; للمرة الأولى li-l-marrati l-ūlā for the first time; لأول وهلة li-awwali wahlatin at first sight, at once; اخوه لأبيه وأمه li-abīhi wa-ummihī his brother on the paternal and maternal side, his brother-german, his full brother 2. (conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in order to; (with apoc.) expressing an order. an invitation: ليكتب li-yaktub he shall write, let him write (with preceding و wa or ف fa contracted to wal- or fal with elision of the i)

لأجل li-ajli (with foll. genit.) because of, on account of, for

لأن li-an (conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in order to; (with لا) لئلا li-allā in order not to, lest

لأن li-anna (conj.) on the grounds that; because; for

لذلك li-dālika therefore, hence, that is why, for that reason

لكي li-kai and لكيما li-kai-mā (conj. with the subjunctive) that, so that, in order that, in order to

لما li-mā (shortened لم li-mā) why? wherefore? for what reason? لماذا li-mā-dā why (on earth)?

لهذا li-hādā therefore, hence, that is why, for that reason

لا lā (particle) not, no! with apoc. expressing negative imperative: لا تقل lā taqul don’t say! with indef. acc. expressing a general negation; there is not, there is no ..., e.g., لا اله الا الله lā ilāha illa llāh there is no god but Allah; لا خير فيه (kaira) there is no good in it, it’s no good; لا بد منه (budda) there is no escape from it, it is inevitable; لا جرم lā jarama certainly, surely; لا شك lā šakka no doubt, doubtless; لا سيما lā siyyamā especially. particularly; الا a-lā see أ; بلا bi-lā without; ولا wa-lā (with preceding neg.) nor, either; not even, also حتى ولا ḥattā wa-lā, e.g., لم يعطني حتى ولا قرشا (lam yu‘ṭinī, qiršan) he did not give me even a piaster, he did not give me as much as a piaster; لا – ولا neither -- nor

لا ابالية lā-ubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference

لا أدرية lā-adrīya skepticism; agnosticism

اللا أنا al-lā-anā the nonego (philos.)

لا أنانية lā-anānīya selflessness, unselfishness

لا جنسية lā-jinsīya statelessness, being without nationality

لا ديني lā-dīnī antireligious, irreligious, without religion

لا دينية lā-dīnīya irreligion, godlessness

لا سامي lā-sāmī anti-Semitic; anti-Semite

لا سامية lā-sāmīya anti-Semitism

لا سلكي lā-silkī wireless, radio (adj.); radio, broadcasting; radio message | اشارة لا سلكية (išāra) radio message

اللاشعور al-lā-šu‘ūr the unconscious, unconscious mind, unconsciousness

لاشعوري lā-šu‘ūrī unconscious, unaware

لا شيء lā-šai’ nothing, nonentity, nil

لا شيئية lā-šai’īya nonexistence, nothingness; nullity, nihility

لامبالاة lā-mubālāh and لامبالية lā-mubālīya indifferent attitude, indifference

لامركزية lā-markazīya decentralization

لامسؤولية lā-mas’ūlīya irresponsibility

لا نظام lā-niẓām lack of system, confusion

اللانهاية al-lā-nihāya the infinite

لانهائي lā-nihā’ī infinite

اللاتين al-lātīn the (ancient) Latins

لاتيني lātīnī Latin | الحي اللاتيني (ḥayy) the “Quartier latin” (in Paris)

اللاتينية al-lātīnīya the Latin language, Latin

لادن lādan, lādin laudanum

لازورد lāzuward, lāzaward lapis lazuli; azure

لازوردي lāzuwardī azure-blue, azure, sky-blue, cerulean

لازوردية lāzuwardīya azure, blue of the sky

لاسيه (Fr. lacet) lāsēh lace, cord

1 لأك IV to send as a messenger (الى ه s.o. to) ملأك mal’ak and ملك malak pl. ملائك malā’ik2, ملائكة malā’ika angel; messenger, envoy

ملائكي malā’ikī angelic(al); heavenly

2 لائكي look up alphabetically

لاكن lākin, lākinna however, yet, but

لألأ la’la’a (لألأة la’la’a) to shine, flash, glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer, glimmer, beam, radiate; to wag (بذنبه bi-danabihī the tail) II tala’la’a to shine, glitter, glisten, sparkle, gleam, shimmer, glimmer, beam, radiate

لألأة la’la’a shine, glow, brightness, brilliancy, radiance, flash, glitter, twinkle

لألاء la’lā’ glitter, flash; light, glow, gleam; perfect joy, unruffled gaiety; dealer in pearls

لؤلؤ lu’lu’ (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl.: لآلي la’ālī2 pearls | زهر اللؤلؤ zahr al-l. daisy; عرق اللؤلؤ ‘irq al-l. mother-of-pearl, nacre

لؤلؤى lu’lu’ī pearly; pearl-colored, whitish | شعير لؤلؤي pearl barley

تلألؤ tala’lu’ shining, radiance, brilliancy

متلألئ mutala’li’ shimmering, glistening, glittering, flashing, sparkling

لأم la’ama a (la’m) to dress, bandage (هـ a wound); to repair, mend (هـ s.th.); to solder, weld; -- لؤم la’uma (lu’m, لآمة la’āma, ملأمة mal’ama) to be ignoble, lowly (of character and birth); to be base, mean, vile, evil, wicked III to agree (ه with s.o.); to suit, fit (garment; ه s.o.); to be adequate, appropriate (هـ to s.th.), be suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable, propitious (هـ for s.th.); to be adapted (هـ to), be in harmony (هـ with), match (هـ s.th.); to agree (climate, food; ه with s.o.), be wholesome (climate, air, food; ه for s.o.); to bring about a reconciliation, make peace (بين between), reconcile (بين – و s.o. with); to make consistent or congruous, reconcile, harmonize, bring into harmony (بين different things) IV to act ignobly, behave shabbily VI to be mended, be repaired, be corrected; to go well (مع with); to act meanly VIII to be mended, be repaired, be corrected; to be joined, be connected, be patched up, be soldered, be welded; to match, fit together, harmonize, be in harmony, agree, go together, be congruous, conformable, consistent; to be tuned or geared to each other (fig.); to unite, combine; to cohere, stick together; to heal, close (wound); to gather, assemble, convene (persons); to meet (committee, congress, council, etc.)

لأم la’m dressing, bandaging (of a wound); joining, junction, connection; repair

لؤم lu’m ignoble mind, baseness, meanness, vileness, wickedness; niggardliness, miserliness; sordidness; iniquity

لئم li’m peace; concord, agreement, union, unity, unanimity; conformity, consistency, harmony

لأمة la’ma cuirass, pair of cuirasses

لئيم la’īm pl. لئام li’ām, لؤماء lu’amā’, لؤمان lu’mān, ignoble, lowly, low, base, mean, evil, vile, wicked, depraved; sordid, filthy, dirty; niggardly, miserly

ملاءمة mulā’ama adequacy, appropriateness, properness, suitability, fitness; peacemaking, (re)conciliation; concord, union, agreement, harmony

ملائم mulā’im adapted, suited, appropriate (ل to), suitable, fit, proper, convenient, favorable, propitious (ل for); agreeing, harmonizing, in conformity, consistent (ل with)

لام lām name of the letter ل

لامي lāmī lām-shaped, resembling the letter ل

لاما lāmā llama (zool.)

لانش (Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, motorboat, small steamer

لاهاي lāhāy The Hague (city in SW Netherlands)

لاهوت lāhūt godhead, deity; divine nature, divinity | علم اللاهوت ‘ilm al-l. theology

لاهوتي lāhūtī theological; theologian

اللاهوتية al-lāhūtīya theology

لاهور lāhūr2 Lahore (city in W Pakistan)

لأواء la’wā’ 2 severe distress, hardship

لأي la’y slowness, tardiness; tediousness, tiresomeness | بعد لأي after great difficulties, in the end, finally, after all

لائكي (from Fr. laïque) lā’ikī layman; secular, laic, lay

لائكية lā’ikīya laicism

لب labba u (labb) to remain, abide, stay (ب in a place); -- (1st pers. perf. labibtu) a (لبب labab) and (1st pers. perf. labubtu) u (لبابة labāba) to be sensible, reasonable, intelligent II to kernel, ripen into kernels, produce kernels (grain, nuts) V to gird o.s. prepare o.s. (ل for)

لب lubb pl. لبوب lubūb kernels, core (of fruits); the innermost, marrow, pith; core, gist, essence; prime, best part; -- (pl. الباب albāb) heart; mind, intellect, reason, understanding

لبة labba pl. -āt upper part of the chest; throat of an animal, spot where its throat is slit in slaughtering

لبة libba (eg.) golden necklace

لبب labab pl. الباب albāb upper part of the chest; throat of an animal, spot where its throat is slit in slaughtering; breast collar (of a horse’s harness); martingale

لباب lubāb marrow, pith, core, quintessence, gist, prime, beet part | لباب الخشب l. kašab cellulose

لبيب labīb pl. الباء alibbā’ understanding, reasonable, sensible, intelligent

تلبيب talbīb pl. تلابيب talābīb2 collar | اخذ بتلابيبه to collar s.o., seize s.o. by the collar

لبؤة labu’a pl. -āt lioness

لبتة labta carp (zool.)

لبث labita a (labt, lubt, labat, لباث lubāt) to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain, stay (ب in a place); (with imperf.) to persist in an activity, keep doing s.th. | ما لبث (لم يلبث) أن (حتى ) it did not take long before he …, presently he ..., he lost no time in …; لبث يفعله he did it for a while V to hesitate, tarry, linger; to abide, remain, stay

لبث labt, lubt, labat hesitation, tarrying, delay; stay, sojourn

لبثة lubta short delay, brief respite; pause; temporary stay or stop, stopover

لبخ labk, labak (coll.; n. un. ة ) a variety of acacia (Mimosa lebbec L.), also lebbek tree (Albizzia lebbek Bth.; bot.)

لبخة labka pl. labakāt cataplasm, poultice; soft mass, mush; emollient plaster, emollient

لبيخ labīk fleshy, corpulent

لبد labada u (لبد lubūd) to stick, adhere, cling (ب to s.th.), get stuck (ب on); to abide, remain, stay (ب in a place) II to cause to adhere and mat together, to felt, mat (هـ wool); to line with felt (هـ s.th.); to beat down, weigh down (هـ s.th., e.g., the hail -- grass); to full (هـ s.th.) IV to cling firmly, adhere, stick (ب to s.th.) V do.; to stick together; to become felted, matted, entangled, interwoven; to be compressed; to become clouded; to become overcast (بالغيوم with clouds; sky); to become gloomy (face)

لبد libd pl. لبود lubūd, الباد albād felt | لبود من الغمائم thick masses of clouds

لبد labad wool

لبد labid coherent; compact

لبد lubad the seventh vulture of Luqmān (whose death ended Luqmān’s life; metaphor of longevity)

لبدة libda pl. لبد libad mane (of a lion); (eg.) skullcap of felt, worn under or without a tarboosh; felt hat (of the dervishes)

لبدة lubda pl. لبد lubad matted and pressed wool or hair, felt

لباد labbād feltmaker; felt

لبادة lubbāda pl. -āt horse blanket, saddle blanket; -- (pl. لبابيد labābīd 2) felt cap

ملبد mulabbad: ملبد بالغيوم (bi-l-guyūm) overcast, heavily clouded (sky)

متلبد mutalabbid: متلبد بالغيوم overcast, heavily clouded (sky)

لبس labisa a (lubs) to put on, wear (هـ a dress, garment); to dress (هـ in), clothe o.s. garb o.s. (هـ in or with) II to dress (هـ ه s.o. in), clothe, garb, attire (هـ ه s.o. with); to cover, envelop, overlay, coat (ب هـ s.th. with. layer); to drape, line, face, case (ب هـ s.th. with); to inlay (e.g., wood with ivory); to suffuse (ه s.o., e.g., pallor), seize (ه s.o., e.g., so tremor); to make obscure, unclear, abstruse, involved, complicated (على هـ s.th. for s.o.); to deceive, dupe (على s.o.) III to be on intimate terms, associate closely, hobnob (ه with s.o.); to be in close contact (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.); to surround (ه s.o.; environment, milieu, conditions) IV to dress (هـ ه s.o. in), clothe, garb, attire (هـ ه s.o. with); to drape, envelop, coat, overlay, cover, face, line, case (هـ s.th.) V to dress, get dressed (ب in), clothe o.s. (ب in or with); to be dressed, clad, attired; to be covered (ب with), be enveloped, wrapped (ب in); to get involved (ب in s.th.), be drown (ب into s.th.); to meddle, bother (ب with), go into s.th. (ب ); to be obscure, incomprehensible, dubious, equivocal, ambiguous (على for s.o.) VIII to be obscure, dubious, equivocal, ambiguous (على for s.o.); to get mixed up (ب with); to mistake (هـ s.th., ب for)

لبس labs, lubs and لبسة lubsa tangle, muddle, confusion, intricacy, obscurity, uncertainty, abstruseness, ambiguity | كان في لبس من امره to be uncertain about s.o.; to have doubts about s.o.

لبس libs pl. لبوس lubūs clothes, clothing, dress, apparel; costume

لبسة libsa manner or style of dressing, costume

لباس libās pl. -āl, البسة albisa clothes, clothing; costume; apparel; garment, robe, dress; (eg., syr.) (men’s) drawers | لباس الرأس l. ar-ra’s headdress, headgear; لباس التقوى l. at-taqwā decency, modesty; لباس رسمي (rasmī) and لباس عسكري (‘askarī) uniform; لباس السهرة l. as-sahra evening gown, evening clothes, formal dress; لباس وطني (waṭanī) national costume; البسة جاهزة ready-made clothes

لبيس labīs worn; worn clothes, secondhand clothes; Nile carp (Cyprinus niloticus: zool.)

لبوس labūs clothing, clothes; suppository (med.) | لبوس رسمي (rasmī) uniform

ملبس malbas pl. ملابس malābis2 garment, dress, robe, apparel, suit; pl. also: clothing, clothes, costume | O ملبس الوقاية protective clothes; ملابس التشريفة dress uniform; ملابس داخلية وخارجية (dākilīya wa-kārijīya) underwear and outer clothes; ملابس رسمية (rasmīya) livery, uniform; O ملابس الميدان m. al-maidān field uniform; محل الملابس maḥall al-m. ready-made-clothes store

تلبيس talbīs clothing, dressing, garbing; draping, lining, facing, casing; overlaying, coating; wall facing, wall plaster, paneling; inlay work; deception, deceit, fraud

تلبيسة talbīsa suppository (med.)

ملابسة mulābasa intercourse, intimate association, close relations; ملابسات relations, connections; concomitants, accompanying phenomena; surrounding conditions, environment

الباس ilbās clothing, dressing, garbing

تلبس talabbus: قضايا التلبس qaḍāyā t-t. (jur.) cases of “flagrante delicto”, criminal cases in which the perpetrator was caught in the act

التباس iltibās confusion, tangle, intricacy, obscurity, ambiguity, dubiousness, doubt | رفع الالتباس raf‘ al-ilt. correction, rectification, clarification; احاط به الالتباس (aḥāṭa) to be wrapped in obscurity, be completely ambiguous

ملبوس malbūs worn, used (clothes); (eg.) possessed, in a state of frenzy or religious ecstasy; pl. ملبوسات articles of clothing, clothes

ملبس mulabbas involved, intricate, obscure, dubious; inlaid, coated, incrusted; sugar-coated, candied; (pl. -āt) bonbon, candy; dragée

متلبس mutalabbis: متلبسا بالجريمة (he was caught, and the like) redhanded, in the act, flagrante delicto

ملتبس multabis involved, intricate, ambiguous, equivocal; dubious, doubtful, uncertain, unclear

لبط labaṭa II (labṭ): لبط به الأرض (arḍ) to throw s.o. to the ground, fell s.o.; -- i to kick; to gallop about (animal)

لبق labaqa II (لباقة labāqa) to be clever, slick, adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile, suave, elegant, have refined manners; -- labiqa a (labaq) do.; to fit, suit, become (clothes; ب s.o.) II to fit, adapt, adjust (هـ s.th.)

لبق labaq cleverness, smartness, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness, slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety, decency, decorum

لباقة labāqa cleverness, smartness, slyness, subtlety; skill, adroitness, slickness, ingenuity; seemliness, propriety, decency, decorum; elegance, refined manners, suavity, gracefulness

لبق labiq clever, smart, sly, subtle; slick, adroit, skilled, skillful, versatile; elegant, suave, of refined manners; fitting, proper, becoming, seemly

لبيق labīq clever, smart, sly, subtle; skillful, adroit; elegant, suave, refined

لبك labaka u (labk) and II to mix. Mingle, intermix (هـ s.th.); to confuse, mix up, muddle, jumble (هـ s.th.); -- labika a, V and VIII to get confused, be thrown into disorder, be disarranged, become disorganized

لبك labk and لبكة labka mixture; confusion, muddle, jumble

لبيك see لبي

لبلب lablaba to fondle, cares (ب her child; mother)

لبلب lablab, lublub affectionate, tender

لبلاب lablāb English ivy (Hedera helix; bot.); (eg.) lablab, hyacynth bean (Dolichoe lablab; bot.)

لبلوب lablūb (eg.) pl. لباليب labālīb2 young shoot, sprout, vine

لبن II to make brick VIII to suck milk

لبن libn, labin (coll.) unburnt brick(s), adobes

لبنة labina (n. un.) pl. -āt brick, adobe

لبن laban pl. البان albān, لبان libān milk; (syr.) leban, coagulated sour milk; pl. البان dairy products, milk products | لبن الخض l. al-kaḍḍ buttermilk; شرش اللبن širš al-l. whey; O ميزان اللبن mīzān al-l. lactoscope; فرع الألبان far‘ al-a. dairy department

لبني labanī lactic, milk (adj.); milky, milklike, lacteous, lacteal

لبنية labanīya a dish prepared of milk

لبنات labanāt lactate | لبنات الجير l. al-jīr calcium lactate

لبان labān breast

لبان lubān frankincense, olibanum | لبان جاوي (jāwī) benzoin; لبان ذكر dakar (eg.) olibanum, oriental frankincense (resin of Boswellia carteri; bot.); لبان شامي (eg.) a pitchy resin used as a depilatory (resin of Pinus Brutia Ten.); لبان العذراء al-‘adrā’ magnesia, Epsom salts, bitter salt

لبان libān sucking, nursing; (eg.) towline

لبان labbān brickmaker; milkman

لبانة lubāna pl. -āt, لبان lubān wish, desire, object, aim, goal, end; business, undertaking, enterprise

لبانة libāna selling or production of milk products, dairy

لبنة labina, لبون labūn, لبونة labūna pl. لبان libān, لبن lubn, lubun, لبائن labā’in milk, giving milk | حيوان لبون (ḥayawān) mammal

لبنى lubnā storax tree

لبنان lubnān2 Lebanon

لبناني lubnānī Lebanese (pl. -ūn) a Lebanese

ملبن malban a sweet made of cornstarch, sugar, mastic and pistachios

ملبنة malbana dairy

لبوة labwa pl. labawāt lioness

لبى II to follow, obey (هـ a call, an invitation), respond, accede (هـ to), comply (هـ with a request), carry out (هـ an order) | لبى نداء ربه (nidaā’a rabbihī) to be called away by the Lord, pass away

لبيك labbaika here I am! at your service!

تلبية talbiya following, obeying, observance, accedence, response, compliance | تلبية ل (talbiyatan) in compliance with; تلبية لدعوته (li-da‘watihī) upon his invitation

لبيريا libēriyā Liberia

لت latta u (latt) to pound, bray, crush (هـ s.th.); to mix with water (هـ flour); to knead (هـ dough); to roll (ب s.th. in), coat (ب هـ s.th. with); (eg.) to prattle, chatter | لت وعجن في مسألة (wa-‘ajana, mas’ala) not to tire of raising a problem anew, discuss a question back and forth

لت latt (eg.) idle talk, prattle

لتات lattāt (eg.) prattler, chatterbox, windbag

لتر litr pl. -āt liter

لتموس (Engl.) litmūs litmus

لتوانيا lituwāniyā Lithuania

التي allatī see الذي (alphabetically)

لثة see لثو

لثغ latiga a (latag) to pronounce defectively (esp. the lingual r), lisp (ث for س) | لثغ بالسين (sīn) to lisp the s

لثغة lutga defective pronunciation, lisping

الثغ altag2, f. لثغاء latgā’2, pl. لثغ lutg having a speech defect, lisping

لثم latama i (latm) to kiss (هـ s.th.); to strike, hit, wound, injure (هـ s.th.) II to veil (هـ the face) with the li/dm (q.v.); to veil, cover (هـ s.th.) V and VIII to veil one’s face; to cover o.s., wrap o.s. up, muffle o.s.

لثمة latma kiss

لثام litām veil (covering the lower part of the face to the eyes); cover, wrapping

ملثم mutallam and متلثم mutalattim veiled

لثة lita pl. -āt, لثى litan gums

لثوي litawī gingival, alveolar, of or pertaining to the gums | الحروف اللثوية the interdental sounde ث, ذ and ظ ; (phon.)

لج lajja (1st pers. perf. lajijtu) a and (1st pers. perf. lajajtu) i (لجج lajaj, لجاج lajāj, لجاجة lajāja) to be stubborn, obstinate, unyielding, relentless; to persist, persevere (في in); to insist (في on); to continue (في s.th.), keep doing s.th. (في ); to importune, pester, trouble, bother, inconvenience (على s.o.); to bear down (ب on s.o.), hit hard, wear out, weaken, exhaust (ب s.o., e.g., battle), torment, harass (ب s.o., e.g., hunger) III to argue or dispute obstinately (ه with s.o.) VIII to be noisy, uproarious, tumultuous; to roar, storm, rage

لج lujj and لجة lujja pl. لجج lujaj, لجاج lijāj depth of the sea; gulf, abyss, chum, depth

لجي lujjī fathomless, of tremendous depth (sea)

لجة lajja clamor, din, noise, hubbub

لجاجة lajāja stickling, disputatiousness; obstinacy, stubbornness; insistence, persistence

لجوج lajūj and لاج lājj obstinate, stubborn, unyielding, relentless, insistent, troublesome, importunate, obtrusive, officious

لجأ laja’a a (لجء laj’, لجوء lujū’) and لجئ laji’a a (لجأ laja’) to take refuge (الى in), resort, have recourse (الى to), fall back (الى on); to seek information (الى from), refer (الى to) II to coerce, force, compel (الى ه s.o. to) IV do.; to shelter, protect, guard (ه s.o.); to entrust, commit (امره الى amrahū one’s cause, one’s affairs to) VIII to flee (الى to), take refuge (الى in), resort, have recourse (الى to)

ملجأ malja’ pl. ملاجئ malāji’2 (place of) refuge, retreat; shelter; sanctuary, asylum; home; base; pillbox, bunker, dugout | ملجأ الأطفال day nursery, nursery school, children’s home; ملجأ الأيتام orphanage; ملجأ الشيوخ home for the aged; ملجأ العميان m. al-‘umyān institution for the blind; ملجأ العجزة m. al-‘ajaza infirmary; O ملجأ مضاد للغارات الجوية (muḍādd, jawwīya) air-raid shelter

التجاء iltijā’ resorting, recourse (الى to), seeking refuge (الى in, with)

لاجئ lāji’ one seeking refuge; refugee; emigrant; inmate of an asylum

ملتجئ multaji’ one seeking refuge, a refugee

لجب lajab noise, uproar, tumult; huge, boisterous army

لجب lajib uproarious, tumultuous, noisy, clamorous

لجلج lajlaja and II talajlaja to repeat words`in speaking; to stammer, stutter

لجلجة lajlaja stutter; stammering, stammer

لجلاج lajlāj stutterer, stammerer

ملجلج mulajlaj constantly repeated, reiterated

لجم lajama u (lajm) to sew (هـ s.th.) II and IV to bridle, rein in (هـ a horse); to restrain, curb, hold down, silence (ه s.o.); to put the bridle (ه on s.o.) VIII to be bridled, be curbed, be tamed, be harnessed (e.g., energies)

لجام liillm pl. الجمة aljima, لجم lujum bridle, rein

ملجوم maljūm and ملجم muljam bridled, curbed, harnessed

لجن lajina a (lajn) to cling, adhere, stick (ب to)

لجنة lajna pl. -āt, لجان lijān, لجن lijan board, council, commission, committee | لجنة التحقيق investigating committee; لجنة ادارية (idārīya) administrative board, committee of management; لجنة الامتحان board of examiners, examination board; لجنة الانضباط disciplinary board; لجنة تنفيذية (tanfīdīya) executive committee; لجنة صلحية (ṣulḥīya) arbitration committee, board of arbitration; لجنة فرعية (far‘īya) subcommittee; لجنة قارة (مستديمة ) (qārra, mustadīma) standing committee, permanent committee; لجنة المراقبة l. al-mūrāqaba board of directors

لجين lujain silver

لجيني lujainī silvery

لح laḥḥa (laḥḥ) to be close (relationship) IV to implore, beseech, request with urgency; to insist (في on); to beس et, importune, pester, harass (على s.o.); to urge, press (ب or في على s.o. to do s.th.)

لحح laḥiḥ and لاح close, narrow

لحوح laḥūḥ obstinate, stubborn, persistent

ملحاح milḥāḥ obstinate, stubborn, persistent; importunate, obtrusive

الحاح ilḥāḥ urging, pressing, urgency, insistence; emphasis; urgent solicitation, earnest request | بإلحاح or في إلحاح insistently, earnestly, urgently

ملح muliḥḥ pressing, urgent; persistent; insistent, emphatic; importunate, obtrusive

لاحب lāḥib open, passable (road); o electrode

لحج laḥaj2 Lahej (sultanate and city in the Aden Protectorate)

لحد laḥada a (laḥd) to dig a grave; to bury, inter (ه s.o.); to deviate from the right course, digress from the straight path; to abandon one’s faith, apostatize, become a heretic; to lean, incline, tend (الى to) IV = I; VIII to deviate, digress; to abandon one’s faith, apostatize, become a heretic or unbeliever; to be inclined, lean, incline, tend (الى to)

لحد laḥd pl. لحود luḥūd, ألحاد alḥād grave, tomb; (ancient meaning: charnel vault with a niche for the corpse in the lateral wall)

لحاد laḥḥād gravedigger

إلحاد ilḥād apostasy; heterodoxy, heresy

إلحادي ilḥādī of or pertaining to godlessness

ملحد mulḥid heretical, unbelieving; -- (pl. -ūn, ملاحدة malāḥida) apostate, renegade; heretic

لحس laḥasa a (laḥs) to eat away (هـ s.th., esp. a moth the wool), devour (هـ s.th.); -- laḥisa a (laḥs, لحسة laḥsa, luḥsa, ملحس malḥas) to lick (هـ s.th.); to lick up, lap up, lick out (هـ s.th.)

ملحوس malḥūs licked; (eg.) imbecilic

لحظ laḥaẓa a (laḥẓ, لحظان laḥaẓān) to regard, view, eye (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), look (هـ, ه at); to notice, see, perceive, observe (هـ s.th., ان that) III to regard, view, eye (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), look (هـ, ه at); to see, behold (ه s.o.), catch light (ه of); to notice, perceive, observe (ان that, هـ s.th.); to remark, say, make the remark (ان that); to consider, bear in mind, observe, heed, take into consideration (هـ s.th.); to pay attention (هـ to); to supervise, superintend (هـ s.th.) | لاحظ عليه شيئا to observe or notice s.th. in s.o.; مما يلاحظ ان mimmā yulāḥaẓu anna it will be noticed that ..., obviously ..., evidently ...

لحظ laḥẓ pl. الحاظ alḥāẓ look, glance

لحظة laḥẓa pl. laḥaẓāt (quick or casual) look, glance, glimpse; moment, instant | اللحظة الراهنة the present moment, the immediate present; في لحظة in a moment, instantly; في هذه اللحظة at that moment; لحظات laḥaẓātin for a few moments

لحظتئذ laḥẓata’idin at that moment

ملاحظة mulāḥaẓa pl. -āt seeing, noticing, perception; observation; remark, comment, casual statement, note; observance, heed, notice, attention, consideration; supervision, superintendence, surveillance, control | ذو ملاحظة considerable, notable

لاحظة lāḥẓa pl. لواحظ lawāḥiz2 eye; look, glance

ملحوظ malḥūẓ noted, noteworthy, remarkable

ملحوظة malḥūẓa pl. -āt observation; remark; note

ملاحظ mulāḥiẓ director, superintendent; overseer, supervisor, foreman

ملاحظ mulāḥaẓ: والملاحظ ان obviously ..., evidently ...

لحف laḥafa a (laḥf) to cover, wrap (ه s.o.) IV do.; to request or demand urgently V and VIII to wrap o.s. (ب in), cover s.o. (ب with)

لحف liḥf foot of a mountain

لحاف liḥāf pl. لحف luḥuf (also الحفة alḥifa) cover, blanket; bedcover, counterpane, coverlet, quilt, comforter, wrap

ملحف milḥah and ملحفة milḥafa pl. ملاحف malāḥif2 cover, blanket; wrap

الحاف ilḥāf importunity (of a petitioner)

ملتحف multaḥif wrapped (ب in), covered (ب with)

لحق laḥiqa a (laḥq, لحاق laḥaq) to catch up (ب or ه with s.o.), overtake (ب or s.o.), to reach (هـ, ب s.th.); to catch, make (هـ, ب e.g., a train), to touch (ب s.th.); to cling, adhere, attach o.s., stick, hang on, keep close (ب to s.o.), to join (ب s.o.), come along (ب with s.o.), to follow, succeed (ب s.o.), to unite (ب with); to betake o.s., go (ب to), to enter (بمدرسة bi-madrasatin a school, بخدمة bi-kidmatin a service, لحق بخدمته to take up a position with s.o., enter the services of s.o.), to overcome, befall, affect, afflict (ه s.o.; disease, fear, loss, and the like), come, descend (ه upon s.o., calamity, etc.), to be incumbent (ه upon s.o.), be imperative (ه for) III to follow (ه s.o.); to go after s.o. (ه ), trail, pursue, chase (ه s.o.) IV to attach, affix, join, subjoin, append, annex, add (ب هـ s.th. to). enclose (ب هـ s.th. in); to connect (ب هـ s.th. with); to increase, augment (هـ ب s.th. by), to take in all a member, admit (ب ه s.o. to an organization, and the like), enroll (ب ه s.o. in), to inflict (هـ ب upon s.o. or s.th. s.th.), cause (هـ ب s.o. or s.th. s.th., esp. damage); pass. ulḥiqa to be admitted (ب to an organization, a society, etc.), become a member (ب of), enter (ب a service) VI to follow in close succession; to pursue or chase each other, to blend into a continuous sequence, pass insensibly into each other VIII to reach (ب s.th. or s.o.); to catch up (ب with), overtake (ب s.th. or s.o.); to join (ب s.o.), go or come along (ب with), to enter (ب a service, a school, a university), join (ب an army, an organization, etc.), become a member (ب of), to matriculate (ب at a university), enroll (ب in a faculty), to take up (ب a position, a job), to be attached (ب to), be connected, be affiliated (ب with), to be attached, devoted, loyal | التحقبالحكومة to go into government service X to annex (هـ s.th.)

لحق pl. الحاق alḥāq cultivable alluvial soil left behind by a flood

لحقي laḥaqī: مواد لحقية (mawādd) detritus (geol.), alluvium, alluvial residues

لحاق liḥāq accession (ب to), entry, entrance (ب to, into), joining (ب of), enrollment (ب in), membership (ب in)

ملاحقة mulāḥaqa pl. -āt pursuit, chase; legal prosecution

الحاق ilḥāq joining, junction, subjunction, attachment, appending, affixation, affixture, addition, annexation; admission (ب to an organization, and the like), enrollment (ب in an association, and the like), political annexation

التحق iltiḥāq entering (ب of), entry, entrance (y to office. into a school. etc.), joining (ب of), affiliation (ب with); accession (ب to)

استلحاق istilḥāq annexation; avowal of paternity (jur.)

لاحق lāḥiq reaching; overtaking; subsequent, following; added, affixed, appended, subjoined, attached, joined, connected | سابقا – لاحقا sābiqan – lāḥiqan previously -- later on, at first -- subsequently

لاحقة lāḥiqa pl. لواحق lawāḥiq2 appendage, appurtenance, adjunct; pl. acceasories, appurtenances, adjuncts, dependencies

ملحق mulḥaq added, affixed, appended, attached, subjoined (ب to s.th.), enclosed (ب in s.th.); adjoining, adjacent, contiguous; written or printed in the margin, marginal; appertaining, appurtenant, incident, pertinent, accompanying; incorporated, annexed; supplement; -- (pl. -āt, ملاحق malāḥiq2) appendix; addition, addendum, postscript; supplement, extra sheet (of a newspaper, periodical, book); enclosure (in a letter); appendage; pendant, locket; tag, label; trailer (of a truck, etc.); annex, subsidiary building, wing or addition to a building; -- (pl. -ūn) attaché; assistant; pl. ملحقات also: annexed provinces, dependent territories, dependencies | ملحق بحري (baḥrī) naval attaché; ملحق تجاري (tijārī) commercial attaché; ملحق جوي (jawwī) air attaché; ملحق عسكري (‘askarī) or ملحق حربي (ḥarbī) military attaché; ملحق صحفي (ṣuḥufī) press attaché; ملحق فخري (fakrī) titular attaché

متلاحق mutalāḥiq successive, consecutive, uninterrupted. continuous | متلاحق الحركة m. al-ḥaraka in continuous motion

لحم laḥama u (laḥm) to mend, patch, weld, solder (up) (هـ s.th.); -- laḥima a to get stuck II to solder (هـ s.th.) VI to join in battle, engage in a mutual massacre; to cling together, cleave together, stick together, hang together, cohere; to hold firmly together; to be joined, united VIII to adhere, cleave, stick (ب to); to be in immediate contact (ب with); to cling (ب to), fit closely (ب s.th.); to grapple, fight, struggle (in a clinch or in close combat); to cling together, cleave together, cohere; to stick together; to be interjoined, intermesh, be closely united; to close, heal up, sear over, cicatrize (wound)

لحم laḥm pl. لحوم luḥūm, لحام liḥām flesh; meat | بلحمه وشحمه (šaḥmihī) in his real human form; لحما ودما (daman) dyed in the wool, inveterate

لحمة laḥma (n. un.) a piece of flesh or meat

لحمة laḥma, luḥma pl. لحم luḥam woof, weft (of a fabric); decisive factor, motif; luḥma relationship, kinship

لحمية laḥmīya conjunctiva

لحم laḥm fleshy, corpulent; carnivorous

لحام liḥām pl. -āt soldering; welding; soldered seam, soldered joint; solder

لحام laḥḥām butcher; solderer; welder

لحيم laḥīm fleshy

لحامة laḥāma fleshiness, corpulence

ملحمة malḥama pl. ملاحم malāḥim2 bloody fight, slaughter, massacre, fierce battle

شعر ملحمي ši‘r malḥamī heroic poem

التحام iltiḥām close union; cohesion; conjunction, union, connection, coherence; adhesion (phys.); grapple, struggle, fight, close combat

ملتحمة multaḥima conjunctiva

لحن laḥana a (laḥn, لحون luḥūn, لحانة laḥāna) to speak ungrammatical Arabic (interspersed with barbarisms); -- laḥina a to be intelligent II to chant, psalmodize; to intone, strike up a melody; to set to music, compose (هـ s.th.)

لحن laḥn pl. الحان alḥān, لحون luḥūn air, tune, melody; grammatical mistake, solecism, barbarism

لحن laḥin intelligent, understanding, sensible

تلحين talḥīn pl. تلاحين talāḥīn2 musical composition, musical arrangement

تلحيني talḥīnī singable

ملحون malḥūn incorrect, ungrammatical (language); (magr.) poetry in colloquial language

ملحن mulaḥḥin composer

(لحو and لحي) لحا laḥā (laḥw) and لحى laḥā a (laḥy) to insult, abuse, revile (ه s.o.) VI to call each other names, heap abuses on each other VIII to grow a beard

لحو laḥw and لحي laḥy insult, abuse, invective, vilification, defamation

لحي laḥy, dual: لحيان laḥyān, pl. الح alḥin, لحي luḥīiy jawbone

لحية liḥya pl. لحى luḥan, liḥan beard, whiskers (on cheeks and chin), full beard | اطلق لحيته aṭlaqa liḥyatahū to let one’s beard grow; لحية التيس l. at-tais salsify (Tregopogon porrifolium; bot.)

لحية luḥayya2 Luhaiya (town in NW Yemen, on Red Sea)

لحاء liḥā’ bast

الحى alḥā long-bearded

ملتح multaḥin bearded, having a beard, e.g., ماتح بلحية سوداء (bi-liḥya saudā’) a black-bearded man

لخص II to abridge (هـ s.th.); to summarize, sum up, epitomize, condense, compress (هـ s.th.); to excerpt (هـ s.th.), make an excerpt or extract (هـ of); to give the essence of s.th.; to sketch, outline (هـ s.th.); pass. يلخص yulakkaṣu it can he summed up (في ان to the effect that) V to he summarized, be epitomized, be condensed, be summed up (في in), amount briefly (في to), be in its essence (في s.th.), narrow down (في to)

تلخيص talkīṣ abridgement; condensation; summary, resume; epitome, abstract, synopsis, outline; brier, abort report

ملخص mulakkaṣ abridged, excerpted, summarized, condensed; (pl. -āt) extract, excerpt, essence, gist

لخلخ laklaka to shake, shake off (هـ s.th.) II talaklaka to shake, totter

ملخلخ mulaklak shaky, unsteady, tottering

لخمة lakama, lukama sluggish; gauche, awkward, clumsy

لخن lakan putrid stench

لخن alkan2, f. لخناء laknā’2, pl. لخن lukn stinking; uncircumcized (as an abusive term)

1 لدة lida see ولد

2 اللد al-lidd Lydda (city and international airport in W Israel)

3 لد ladda a (ladd) to dispute violently, have a fierce quarrel (ه with s.o.) II to defame, slander (ب s.o.); to bewilder, perplex, nonplus V to turn helplessly right and left, be bewildered, perplexed, confused; to be headstrong, recalcitrant

لدد ladad vehement quarrel, violent dispute

لدود ladūd, الد aladd2, f. لداء laddā’2, pl. لد ludd, لداد lidād, الداء aliddā’2 fierce, grim, dogged, tough | عدو الد (‘adūw) mortal enemy, archenemy, foe; عدو لدود do.

متلدد mutaladdid obstinate, recalcitrant, headstrong, rebellious

لدغ ladaga u (ladg) to sting, bite (snake, s.o.); to taunt, hurt, offend (ه s.o.)

لدغة ladga sting; bite

لديغ ladīg pl. لدغاء ludagā’2, لدغى ladgā stung; bitten

1 لدن laduna u (لدانة ladāna, لدونة ludūna) to be soft, supple, pliant, flexible, resilient, elastic II to soften (هـ s.th.); to mollify, attenuate, temper, ease, mitigate, alleviate (هـ s.th.)

لدن ladn pl. لدن ludn, لدان lidān soft, gentle; pliant, pliable, flexible, supple, resilient, elastic; plastic

لادن lādan, lādin laudanum

لدانة ladāna and لدونة ludūna softness, pliability, flexibility, suppleness, plasticity, resilience, elasticity

لدائن ladā’in2 plastics

2 لدن ladun (prep.) at, by, near, close to; in the presence of, in front of, before, with; in possession of; من لدن from, on the part of; since; -- (conj.) since, from the moment when; لدن ان do.

لدني ladunī (i.e. من لدن الله ) mystic; العلم اللدني (‘ilm), العلوم اللدنية knowledge imparted directly by God through mystic intuition (in Sufism)

لدى ladā (prep.) at, by (place and time); in the presence of, in front of, before, with | لدى الحاجة in case of need, if necessary; لديه ladaihi he has; ما لديك the condition you are in, your state of mind; ليس لدينا غيرما (gairu) we know no more than what ...

لذ ladda (1st pers. perf. ladidtu) a (لذاذ ladad, لذاذة ladāda) to be sweet, delicious, delightful, pleasant, gratify the senses II and IV to please, gratify, delight (ه s.o.); to give pleasure (ه to s.o.) V and VIII to be pleased, delighted (ب at), delight, revel, take pleasure (ب in), be gratified (ب by); to find (هـ s.th.) delicious or pleasant, take delight (هـ in), enjoy, savor, relish (هـ s.th.) X to find delicious or pleasant (هـ s.th.); to find delightful (هـ s.th.); to take pleasure (هـ in)

لذة ladda pl. -āt joy, rapture, bliss; pleasure, enjoyment, delectation, delight; sensual delight, lust, voluptuousness

لذيذ ladīd pl. لذ ludd, لذاذ lidād delicious, delightful; pleasant; beautiful, wonderful, splendid, magnificent; sweet

لذاذة ladāda pl. لذائذ ladā’id2 sweetness; charm; bliss; rapture; enjoyment, delectation; pleasure, delight

ملذة maladda pl. -āt, ملاذ malādd2 joy, pleasure, amenity, comfort; delightfulness, enjoyment, delectation; voluptuousness

متلذذ mutaladdid epicure

لذع lada‘a a (lad‘) to burn (هـ s.th.); to brand, cauterize (ه s.o.); to hurt (with words), insult, offend (ه s.o.) V to burn

لذع lada‘ burning, combustion; conflagration, fire | لذع البنادق rifle fire

لذاع laddā‘ burning; very hot, scorching; pungent, acrid, sharp; biting (words)

لوذع lauda‘ and لوذعي lauda‘ī sagacious, ingenious, witty, quick-witted, quick at repartee

لوذعية lauda‘īya sagacity, ingenuity, esprit, wit, quick-wittedness, mental alertness

لاذع lādi‘ burning; pungent, acrid, biting; sharp

لاذعة lādi‘a pl. لواذع lawādi‘2 gibe, taunt

اللاذقية al-lādiqīya Latakia, the ancient Laodicea (seaport in W Syria)

1 لذي ladiya a (ladan) to adhere, cleave (ب to)

2 الذي look up alphabetically

لز lazza (1st pers. perf. lazaztu) u (lazz, لزز lazaz, لززاز lizāz) to tie (ب ه s.th. to), connect or join firmly, unite (ب ه s.th. with), make (هـ s.th.) stick (ب to) II to connect or join firmly, press together (هـ s.th.); to cram together; to urge, press, coerce (الى ه s.o. to) VI to be crammed together; to lie close together V and VIII to be united, joined, connected (ب with); to adhere, cleave, stick (ب to)

لز lazz and لزة lazza U bolt, staple, cramp

ملزز mulazzaz crammed together; closely united; firm, solid, compact

لزب lazaba u (لزوب luzūb) to be firm, be firmly fixed, hold fast; to adhere, cleave, cling (ب to); to stick (ب to); -- laziba a (lazab) to cohere, cleave together, stick together

لزب lazib pl. لزاب lizāb little

لزبة lazba pl. لزب lizab misfortune, calamity

لازب lāzib sticking, adhering, clinging; firm, firmly fixed | صار ضربة لازب (ḍarbata l.) to become necessary, indispensable; ضرب ضربة لازب (ḍuriba) to meet with grave misfortune, be stricken by disaster

لزج lazija a (lazaj, لزوج luzūj) to be sticky, ropy, gluey, viscid; to stick, cling, get stuck (ب to)

لزج lazij sticky, gluey, ropy, viscid; adhesive

لزوجة luzūja stikiness, glueyness, ropiness, viscidity

لزق laziqa a (لزوق luzūq) to adhere, cling, cleave, stick, (ب to) II to affix, post (هـ s.th.); to stick on, paste on (هـ s.th.); to paste together (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to palm off, foist (هـ ل s.th. on s.o.) IV to Palte on, stick on, affix (هـ s.th.) VIII = I

لزق lizq adjoining, adjacent, contiguous | لزقه lizqahū or بلزقه close to his side, cose by

لزق laziq sticky, gluey

لزقة lazqa compress, stupe; plaster

لزاق lizāq adhesive, agglutinant, glue, cement, paste

لزوق lazūq and لازوق lāzūq compress, stupe; plaster, adhesive plaster, court plaster

لزم lazima a (لزوم luzūm) to cling, adhere, belong (هـ to), attend, accompany (هـ s.th.); to persist, persevere (هـ in), stick, keep (هـ to), keep doing (هـ s.th.);to adhere, be attached, keep close, stick (ه to s.o.); to be inseparable (هـ, ه from s.o., from s.th.); to stay permanently (هـ in); to be necessary; to be requisite, imperative, indispensable (ه for s.o.); to be incumbent (ه upon s.o.), be s.o.’s (ه ) duty | لزم داره (فراشة ) to stay at home (in bed); لزم الصمت (ṣamta) to keep went, maintain silence III to attend, accompany (هـ s.th.); to adhere, stick, keep (هـ to); to pursue or practice incessantly (هـ s.th.); to be constantly with s.o. or in s.o.’s company (ه ), be constantly around s.o. (ه ) to be assigned (ه to), accompany, attend (ه s.o.); to be inseparable (ه, هـ from s.th., from s.o.); to keep doing (هـ s.th.), persist, persevere (هـ in); to work with perseverance, display sustained activity (هـ for) IV to force, compel (هـ ه s.o. to); to force, press (هـ ه , also ب ه upon s.o. s.th.); to enjoin, impose as a duty (هـ ه , also ب ه on s.o. s.th.), obligate (هـ ه , also ب ه s.o. to or to do s.th.) | الزمه الحجة (ḥujja) to force proof on s.o., force s.o. to accept an argument; الزمه الفراش to confine s.o. to bed, compel s.o. to my in bed (of a disease); الزمه المال (or بالمال ) to impose the payment of a sum on s.o. VI to be attached or devoted to each other, be inseparable VIII to adhere, stick, keep, hang on (هـ to); to keep doing (هـ s.th.), persist, persevere (هـ in), keep up, maintain preserve (هـ s.th.), abide (هـ by); to take upon o.s. (هـ s.th.); to make a rule (هـ of s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) one’s duty, impose upon o.s. (هـ s.th.); to assume as a duty (ب or هـ s.th.); to undertake, obligate o.s., bind o.s., pledge (ب or هـ to do s.th.); to be in duty bound, be obligated or under obligation, be or become liable (ب or هـ to do s.th.); to be forced, be compelled (ب or a to do s.th.); to be responsible (ب or هـ for); to take over the monopoly (هـ of s.th.), monopolize, farm (هـ e.g., the levying of tax..) X to deem necessary (هـ s.th.); to necessitate, make necessary or requisite (a s.th.); to require, need (هـ s.th.), call (هـ for), be in need (هـ of s.th.)

لزمة lazma pl. -āt official concessions, license, franchise

لزوم luzūm necessity, exigency, requirement; need, want | حسب اللزوم ḥasaba l-l. as required, as the occasion demands; عند اللزوم in case of need, when (if) necessary, if need be; بسكويت لزوم السفر بالبحر (l. as-safar bi-l-baḥr) biscuit for the voyage

لزام lizām necessary, requisite; necessity, duty, obligation | كان لزاما عليه ان to be s.o.’s duty to ..., be necessary for s.o. that he ...

الزم alzam2 more necessary, most necessary

ملزمة malzama pl. ملازم malāzim2 section, signature (of a book, = 16 octavo sheets)

ملزمة milzama pl. ملازم malāzim2 vise; press

ملازمة mulāzama adhesion, clinging, sticking; remaining, staying, dwelling; close attachment; dependence; inseparableness, inherence, intrinsicality; following, pursuit, pursuance; perseverance, assiduity, zeal

الزام ilzām coercion, compulsion

الزامي ilzāmī forced, compulsory, obligatory, required

التزام iltizām pl. -āt necessity; duty, obligation, commitment, liability; engagement (philos. ); contract; farming of taxes, farmage; concession, license, franchise; monopoly; التزاما iltizāman by contract, by the job | قام بالتزاماته to meet one’s obligations

لازم lāzim inherent, intrinsic, inseparable, indissoluble; necessary, requisite, imperative, indispensable, unavoidable, inevitable, inescapable; incumbent, binding, obligatory; intransitive (gram.); legally binding, irrevocable (Isl. Law) | كالازم as it must be, comme il faut, properly

لازمة lāzima fixed attribute, inherent property; standing phrase (of s.o.)

لوازم lawāzim2 (pl.) necessary, inseparable attributes or manifestations; necessities, exigencies, requirements; necessaries, requisites; necessaries, fixtures

ملزوم malzūm obligated, under obligation, liable | ملزوم بالأداء (adā’) liable for taxes, taxable

ملزومية malzūmīya duty, obligation, commitment, liability

ملازم mulāzim tenacious (with foil. gen. it.: of), clinging, keeping, sticking (with foll. genit.: to); persevering, persisting, remaining, abiding; inseparable; closely connected, or attached; attending, accompanying; adhering; adherent, follower, partisan; second lieutenant (U.A.R., Tun.) | ملازم اول (awwal; U.A.R., Leb., Jord., Ir.) first lieutenant; ملازم ثان (tānin; Leb., Jord., Ir., formerly also Eg., syr.) second lieutenant

ملتزم multazim engaged, committed, under obligation; holder of a concession or monopoly; tax farmer; concessionaire, concessionary; contractor

ملتزم multazam pl. -āt requirement

مستلزمات mustalzamāt requirements, prerequisites, requisites; necessary or inevitable consequences

لستك lastik and لستيك lastīk rubber; eraser

لسع lasa‘a a (las‘) to sting (ه s.o.); to burn

(هـ s.th., e.g., the mouth); to hurt (with words; ه s.o.)

لسعة las‘a sting, bite; biting words

لسيع lasī‘ pl. لسعى las‘ā, لسعاء lusa‘ā’2 stung

لاسع lāsi‘ stinging; burning; biting, acrid, pungent, sharp

لسن lasina a (lasan) to be eloquent II to point, taper, sharpen (هـ s.th.)

لسن lasan eloquence

لسن lasin and السن alsan2, f. لسناء lasnā’2, pl. السن alsun eloquent

لسان lisān m. and f. , pl. السنة alsina, السن alsun tongue; language; mouthpiece (fig.), organ (esp., of a newspaper; = لسان الحال see below) | على لسان from his mouth, through him; على لسان الصحف (l. iṣ-ṣuḥuf) through the organ of the press; قيل على لسانه ما (qīla) things were ascribed to him which ..., he was rumored to have said things which ...; لسان رسمي (rasmī) official organ; متحدث بلسان وزارة الخارجية (mutaḥaddit) a spokesman of the Foreign Ministry; باللسان or لسانا lisānan orally, verbally; دار على السن الخاص والعام (a. il-kāṣṣ wa-l-‘āmm) to be the talk of the town, be on everyone’s lips; لسان الثور l. at-taur borage (Borago officinalis; bot.); لسان الحال the language which things themselves speak, silent language, mute expression (as distinguished from the spoken word); organ (of a party or political movement; a newspaper); ولسان حاله يقول while he seemed to say ..., with an expression as if he wanted to say ...; لسان الحمل l. al-ḥamal plantain (Plantago major L.; bot.); لسان العصفر l. al-‘uṣfur common ash (Fraxinus excelsior; bot.); لسان القفل l. al-qufl bolt of the lock; لسان القوم l. al-qaum spokesman (of a crowd); لسان الكلب l. al-kalb hound’s-tongue (Cynoglossum; bos.); (eg.) also a variety of scorpion’s tail (Scorpiurus muricatus L.; bot.), having circinately coiled pods; لسان المفتاح l. al-miftāḥ bit of the key; ذو لسانين dū lisanain double-tongued, deceitful, insincere, two-faced

لساني lisānī oral, verbal

ملسون malsūn liar

لشبونة lišbōna2 Lisbon (capital of Portugal)

(لشى *; from lā šai’a:) III to suppress, crush, destroy, ruin, annihilate (. s.th.) VI to be suppressed, be crushed, be destroyed, be annihilated; to come to nothing, be ruined, be frustrated, fail; to disappear, vanish, dwindle, wane, fade

ملاشاة mulāšāh annihilation, destruction

تلاش talāšin annihilation, ruin, failure, frustration; disappearance, evanescence, vanishing, waning, decline

متلاش mutalāšin coming to nothing, dwindling, waning; destructible; evanescent, transient, ephemeral

لص laṣṣa u (laṣṣ) to do stealthily or secretly (هـ s.th.); to rob, steal (هـ s.th.) V to become a thief; to act stealthily

لص liṣṣ pl. لصوص luṣūṣ, الصاص alṣāṣ thief, robber

لصوصية luṣūṣīya thievery, theft, robbery

متلصص mutalaṣṣiṣ behaving like a thief, thievish | اتى متلصصا الى (atā) to steal to, sneak up to

لصق laṣiqa a (laṣq, لصوق luṣūq) to adhere, cleave, cling, stick (ب to) II to paste together, stick together (هـ s.th.) III to adjoin (هـ s.th.), be next (هـ to s.th.), be contiguous (with), abut (هـ on), touch (هـ s.th.); to be in touch, in connection, in contact (ه with s.o.) IV to attach, affix, stick, paste, glue (ب هـ s.th. to); to connect (ب هـ s.th. with), join ( s.th. to); to bring (هـ s.th.) close (ب to); to press (ب هـ s.th. against) | الصق لوحة (lauḥa) to post a placard; الصق به تهمة (tuhma) to raise an accusation against s.o. VI to cleave together, cling together, cohere, stick together; to agglomerate, conglomerate, cake, frit together; to blend, pass into each other VIII = I; to hang on (ب to), get stuck (ب to, on); to fit closely (ب s.th.), cling (ب to)

لصق liṣq adhering, clinging, cleaving | لصق close to him (or it); هو بلصقي (لصقي ) he and I are inseparable

لصق laṣiq sticky, gluey, glutinous; adhesive, agglutinant; tenacious

لصيق laṣīq one who cleaves or clings (ب to); adjoining, adjacent, bordering, neighboring, abutting, contiguous; close-fitting, skintight (dress)

لصق laṣūq plaster

ملاصقة mulāṣaqa junction, conjunction, connection, contact, union; adjacency, contiguity; O adhesion, cohesion (phys.)

الصاق ilṣāq poster, bill

تلاصق talāṣuq and التصاق iltiṣāq cohesion, adhesion; contiguity, contact; coherence

ملاصق mulāṣiq adjoining, adjacent, abutting, contiguous, bordering, neighboring, in close contact; companion; neighbor; adherent

ملصق mulṣaq attached, affixed; stuck on, pasted on, glued on; fastened; brought close; connected, joined; (pl. -āt) poster, bill, placard

متلاصق mutalāṣiq cohering, sticking together; blending, passing into each other

ملتصق multaṣiq attached, affixed, adhesive, sticking; adjoining, adjacent, bordering, neighboring; contiguous, connected, meeting or touching each other, in contact; in the immediate proximity (ب of), close to (ب )

ملضوم malḍūm de (row), close (rank)

لطخ laṭaka a (laṭk) to stain, blot, sully, soil, spatter, splash (ب هـ s.th. with) II do. V to he soiled or stained

لطخة laṭka pl. laṭakāt smear, blotch, spot; stain, blemish, blot, disgrace

لطخة luṭaka pl. -āt and لطيخ liṭṭīk ass, dolt, fool

لطس laṭasa u (laṭs) to strike, hit (ه s.o.)

ملطاس milṭās pl. ملاطيس malāṭīs2 pickax

لطش laṭaša u (laṭš) to strike, hit (ه s.o.)

لطع laṭa‘a a (laṭ‘) to strike, hit (ه s.o.); to strike out, erase (هـ s.th.)

لطعة laṭ‘a blot, stain

لطف laṭafa u (luṭf) to be kind and friendly (ب or ل to, toward s.o.); -- laṭufa u (لطافة laṭāfa) to be thin, fine, delicate, dainty; to be graceful; to be elegant; to be nice, amiable, friendly II to make mild, soft, gentle, soften (هـ s.th.); to mitigate, alleviate, ease, soothe, allay, palliate, assuage, extenuate (هـ s.th.; also من ); to moderate, temper, lessen, diminish, reduce (هـ s.th.; also من ); to tone down (هـ s.th.; also من ) III to treat with kindness, with benevolence (ه s.o.); to be civil and polite (ه to, toward s.o.); to be complaisant, obliging, indulgent, compliant (ه toward s.o.), humor (ه s.o.); to flatter (ه s.o.), fawn (ه upon); to caress, fondle, pet (ه s.o.) | لاطفه على كتفه (katifihī) to pat s.o. on the shoulder

V to be mitigated, be tempered, be moderated; to be civil and polite, show o.s. friendly and kind, be so kind as to do s.th. (ب ); to bestow most kindly, have the kindness to give (ب s.th., also, e.g., advice. على to s.o.); to be tender, affectionate, nice (ب to s.o.); to win (ب s.o.) over by subtle means, by favors, by tricks; to go about s.th. (في or ب ) gently, carefully, with caution; to do secretly, covertly, without being noticed (ب with verbal noun: s.th.) VI to show o.s. friendly and kind; to be polite, courteous, civil, nice X to find (هـ s.th.) pretty, sweet, nice; to like, find pleasant or charming (هـ s.th.)

لطف lutf pl. الطاف alṭāf kindness, benevolence, friendliness; gentleness, mildness; civility, courteousness, politeness; daintiness, cuteness, gracefulness; delicateness, delicate grace (e.g., of the limbs) | بلطف gently, softly

لطافة laṭāfa thinness fineness, delicateness; gracefulness, loveliness, charm; kindness, benevolence; friendliness; politeness, esprit, intellectual refinement, sophistication; suavity, urbaneness

لطيف laṭīf pl. لطاف liṭāf, لطفاء luṭafā‘2 thin; fine; delicate, dainty; little, small, insignificant; gentle, soft, light, mild; pleasant, agreeable; amiable, friendly, kind, nice; civil, courteous, polite; affable, genial; pretty, charming, lovely, graceful; intellectually refined, full of esprit, brilliant, witty; elegant; اللطيف the Kind (one of the attributes of God) | يا لطيف O my God! good heavens! for goodness sake! الجنس اللطيف (jins) the fair sex

لطيفة laṭīfa pl. لطائف laṭā’if2 witticism, quip; joke, jest; subtlety, nicety | لطائف الحيل l. al-ḥiyal subtle tricks; لطائف النكات l. an-nukāt nice jokes

الطف alṭaf2 finer; more delicate; kinder, nicer, more elegant

ملاطفة mulāṭafa amiable treatment, amiability; civility, courteousness, politeness; friendliness; benevolence, kindness; caress; pl. -āt caresses

تلطف talaṭṭuf friendliness (ب toward s.o.), amiability; favoring, favoritism; civility, courteousness, politeness

ملطفات mulaṭṭafāt sedatives

لطم laṭama i (laṭm) to strike with the hand (هـ the face, with despair, in lamentation); to slap (ه s.o.); to jolt; to eject; to bump, strike (هـ against s.th.); to hit (هـ s.th.) VI to exchange blows, fight, brawl, battle (hostile armies); to collide, clash (waves) VIII to collide, clash

لطمة laṭma pl. laṭamāt blow; slap, box on the ear; jolt, thrust

لطيم laṭīm parentless

ملطم malṭam cheek

متلطم multaṭam clash (esp., of waves), tumult, turmoil (of a battle, and the like), melee

لظي laẓiya a (لظى laẓan) to burn brightly, flare, flame, blaze, be ablaze; to burn with rage V and VIII do.

لظى laẓan blazing fire, blaze, flame

لعب la‘aba and la‘iba a (la‘b) to slaver; to slobber, drool (baby); -- la‘iba a (lu‘b, li‘b, la‘ib, تلعاب tal‘āb) to play (ب with s.th.; على an instrument); to toy ( with); to dally (ب with); to trick, cheat, deceive, dupe (على s.o.) | لعب الأوراق (aurāqa) to play cards; لعب دورا (dauran) to play a part or role; لعب الموسيقى to make music; لعب بالشطرنج (šaṭranj) to play chess; لعبت به الهموم he became the sport of sorrows; لعب في عقله (‘aqlilhī) to turn s.o.’s head II to make (هـ s.th.) play, set (هـ s.th.) going; to wag (هـ the tail) III to play (ه with s.o.); to have fun, play around, jest, dally, trifle (ه with s.o.) IV to make play, cause to play (ه s.o.) V to play, act playfully VI to play (ب with s.th.); to make fun (ب of s.o.), mock (ب at s.o.); to pull s.o.’s (ب ) leg; to playa trick; to act fraudulently

لعب la‘b, li‘b, la‘ib pl. العاب al‘āb play; game, joke, jest; (un, amusement, diversion, pastime, sport | لعب القمار gambling, gamble; الألعاب الاولمبية the Olympic Games; ألعاب رياضية (riyāḍīya) athletics, sports; ألعاب سحرية (siḥrīya) legerdemain, sleight of hand, magic; العاب القوى a. as-quwā athletics, specif., track and

field; العاب نارية (nārīya) fireworks; ساحة الألعاب athletic field; مدرس الأتعاب mudarris al-a. athletic coach, athletics instructor

لعب la‘ib funny, amusing, merry, gay

لعبة la‘ba (n. un.) game; trick

لعبة lu‘ba pl. لعب lu‘ab plaything, toy; doll; butt for mirth or derision, sport, laughingstock

لعبة lu‘ba, لعاب la‘‘āb and لعيب li‘‘īb very playful

لعاب lu‘āb saliva, spittle; slaver, drivel | لعاب الشمس l. aš-šams gossamer, air threads; سال لعابه على his mouth watered for …

لعابي lu‘ābī salivary; mucous, slimy

لعيبة lu‘aiba pl. -āt (little) doll

لعوب la‘ūb flighty, coquettish, flirtatious (woman); playful, dallying, trifling

العوبة ul‘ūba pl. الاعيب alā‘īb2 plaything, toy; play, sport, dalliance; fun; prank; trick

ملعب mal‘ab pl. ملاعب malā‘ib2 playground; athletic field, stadium; playhouse, theater; scene; circus ring; pl. ملاعب malā‘ib matches, contests, events (in sports)

ملعبة mal‘aba plaything, toy

تلاعب talā‘ub game (e.g., of a speculator, of a gambler), gamble; free play | مجال التلاعب (majāl) free play, free scope, elbow-room; latitude, margin; clearance

لاعب lā‘ib playing; player; sportsman; athlete; gymnast | لاعب الجنباز l. al-jumbāz gymnast, athlete

ملعوب mal‘ūb pl. ملاعيب malā‘īb2 covered with spittle; slobbering, driveling, drooling; prank, trick, ruse, artifice

ملاعب mulā‘ib fellow player; playmate, playfellow; fraudulent

لعثم II tala‘tama to hesitate; to falter, stutter, stammer

لعثمة la‘tama and لعثم tala‘tum hesitation; stuttering, stutter

متلعثم mutala‘tim and متلعثم اللسان m. al-lisān stammering, stuttering

لعج la‘aja a (la‘j) to hurt, be sore, burn III to oppress, distress, agonize (ه s.o.)

لعجة la‘ja pain

لاعج lā‘ij pl. لواعج lawā‘ij2 ardent, burning (esp., love); pl. لواعج ardent love, ardor (of love)

العس al‘as2, f. لعساء la‘sā’2 red-lipped

لعق la‘iqa a (la‘q, لعقة la‘qa, lu‘qa) to lick (هـ s.th.)

لعقة la‘qa spoonful

لعوق la‘ūq electuary

ملعقة mil‘aqa pl. ملاعق malā‘iq2 spoon | ملعقة شاي teaspoon

1 لعل la‘l garnet (min.)

2 لعل la‘alla see2 عل

لعلع la‘la‘a to resound, reverberate, clang, roar, boom II tala‘la‘a to shimmer, glimmer, gleam, flicker; to be starved; to be parched with thirst; to be exhausted

لعلع la‘la‘ pl. لعالع la‘āli‘2 vibration of fata morgana

لعن la‘ana a (la‘n) to curse, damn, execrate (ه s.o.), utter imprecations (ه against s.o.) III to utter the oath of condemnation (لعان li‘ān, q.v.) VI to curse each other

لعن la‘n cursing, execration, malediction

لعنة la‘na pl. la‘anāt, لعان li‘ān curse; execration, imprecation | لعنة الله عليه God’s curse upon him!

لعنة lu‘na damned, cursed, confounded; execrable, abominable

لعان li‘ān oath of condemnation; sworn allegation of adultery committed by either husband or wife (Isl. Law)

لعين la‘īn and ملعون mal‘ūn pl. ملاعين malā‘īn2 cursed; confounded; damned; outcast, execrable; detested, abhorred, abominable; اللعين the Evil One, the Devil

متلاعن mutalā‘in cursing each other, hostile, inimical

لعا لك la‘an laka call to one who has stumbled: may you rise again!

لغوب lugūb, lagub exhaustion, lassitude, fatigue, weariness; great pains, trouble, toil

لاغب lāgib pl. لغب luggab languid, fatigued, weary, tired

لغد lugd pl. الغاد algād, لغود lugūd and لغدود lugdūd pl. لغاديد lagādīd2 flesh at the throat and under the chin

لغز lagaza u (lagz) to speak in riddles; to equivocate III and IV do.

لغز lugz pl. الغاز algāz riddle, puzzle; enigma; conundrum; mystery, secret | O لغز الكلمات المتقاطعة l. al-kalimāt al-mutaqāṭi‘a crossword puzzle

ملغز mulgaz puzzling, enigmatic, cryptic, mysterious; dark, obscure, ambiguous, equivocal

لغط lagaṭa a (lagṭ, لغاط ligāṭ) to be clamorous and noisy; to raise a din; to shout, clamor II and IV do.

لغط lagṭ, lagaṭ, pl. الغاط algāṭ noise, din; clamor, shouting; lamentation (عن over or for s.th.) i uproar, turmoil, tumult

2 لغم lagama to mine, plant with mines (هـ s.th.)

لغم lugm, lagam pl. الغام algām mine

لغم lagm and الغام ilgām mining (e.g., of a harbor, of a road, etc.)

2 لغم IV to amalgamate, alloy with mercury

لغام lugām foam, froth

الغام ilgām amalgamation

لغمط lagmaṭa (eg.) to smear, sully, soil

لغا (لغو ) lagā u (lagw) to speak; to be null; -- لغا lagā u (lagw) and لغي lagiya a (لغا lagan, لاغية lāgiya, ملغاة malgāh) to talk nonsense; to make mistakes (in speaking) sV to render ineffectual (هـ s.th.); to declare null and void or invalid, invalidate, nullify, annul, abolish, abrogate, eliminate (هـ s.th.), do away (هـ with s.th.); to cancel (هـ a project); to withdraw (هـ permission, a motion)

لغو lagw foolish talk; nonsense; null, nugatory, ineffectual; mistake, blunder, ungrammatical language

لغة luga pl. -āt language; dialect; idiom; vernacular; lingo, jargon; word; expression, term; اللغة classical Arabic | لغة اجنبية (ajnabīya) foreign language; لغة عامية (‘āmmīya) popular language; لغة الكناية literary language; لغة المحادثة l. al-muḥādata colloquial language; لغة المهنة l. al-mihna professional jargon, slang; لغة المولد l. al-maulid mother tongue; اهل اللغة ahl al-l. philologists, lexicographers; علم اللغة ‘ilm al-l. lexicography, philology, linguistic science, linguistics

لغوة lagwa dialect, idiom, vernacular

لغوي lugawī linguistic; philologic(al); lexicographic(al); philologist, lexicographer, linguist; لغويات linguistic matters, philologica

إلغاء ilgā’ abolishment, abolition, abrogation, repeal, elimination, cancellation, revocation, rescission; annulment, nullification, quashing; countermand

لاغ lāgin abrogated, repealed, annulled, canceled, invalid, ineffective, null and void

لاغية lāgiya grammatical mistake, incorrect usage

ملغى mulgan abrogated, repealed, annulled, canceled, invalid, void; abolished; expired; suppressed; negligible

لف laffa u (laff) to wrap up, roll up, fold up (هـ s.th.); to wind, coil, spool, reel (هـ s.th.); to wind (على هـ s.th. on; على هـ s.th. around), twist, wrap, fold (على هـ s.th. around); to envelop (ب or في هـ s.th. in or with), cover, swathe, swaddle (هـ s.th. ب or في in or with), wrap, infold (ب or في هـ s.th. in); to connect (ب هـ s.th. with), join, attach (ب 0 s.th. to); to grow densely, be overgrown, form a tangled mass; to make a round of calls (على on), visit (على people); (eg.) to go around s.th. (هـ ), go about s.th. (هـ ) in a roundabout way, make a detour, beat about the bush | لف لفه (laffahū) to do just like s.o., be of the same kind as s.o., belong to the same sort as s.o. II to wrap up or infold tightly V to wrap o.s. up (في in), cover o.s. (في with) VIII do.; to wind, twist, coil; to turn, make a turn (automobile, etc.); to intertwine, grow in a tangled mass; to gather, assemble, rally (حول around); to clasp, enclose, encircle, embrace (ب s.th.)

لف laff winding, coiling; wrapping, enfolding; rolling, folding; (eg.) circumambience, circumvention, detour, roundabout way, subterfuge, dodge, excuses; pl. الفاف alfāf swaddling clothes, diapers | اللف والدوران (dawarān) detours and evasions; لف ونشر (našr) folding and unfolding; involution and evolution (rhet.); من غير لف without much ado, without ceremony

لف liff pl. الفاف alfāf densely growing trees; pl. thicket, scrub, undergrowth, brushwood

لفة laffa pl. -āt turn, rotation, revolution; coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire; winding; roll, scroll; pack, packet, package, bundle, bale; turban | لفة بريدية (barīdīya) postal package; لفات من الرق (raqq) parchment scrolls

لفافة lifāfa pl. -āt, لفائف lafā’if wrapping, covering, cover, envelope; wrapper, wrap; altar cloth, cloth covering the paten and chalice (Copt.-Chr.); bandage; swaddling band; puttee; cigarette (also لفافة من التبغ min at-tibg); pl. لفائف (fig.) guise (of s.th.)

لفيف lafīf gathered, assembled; crowded, thronging; multitude, crowd, swarm, body, cluster, group (من of people); mixed company | لفيف الناس mob, rabble, riffraff; اللفيف الأجنبي (ajnabī) the Foreign Legion

لفيفة lafīfa bundle; package, pocket, pack; cigarette

الف alaff2 f. لفاء laffā’2 stout, plump (figure, body)

ملف milaff pl. -āt reel, spool; coil (el.); winding; wrapping, covering, casing; blanket, sleeping blanket; cover, wrapper, jacket (of a book, etc.); (letter) envelope; folder, portfolio; letter file; dossier | O ملف التأثير induction coil (el.); O ملف ابتدائي (ibtidā’ī) primary coil (el.); O ملف خانق choking coil, choke (el.)

ملفاف milfāf wrapping, covering, cover

تلفيف talfīf pl. تلافيف talāfīf2 winding; coil, twist, convolution, whorl, spire; pl. تلافيف expletive after في , e.g., في تلافيف سويدائها (suwaidā’ihā) in the depth of her heart; في تلافيف الظلام (ẓalām) in the dark; بين تلافيفه in it, inside it, around in it

التفاف iltifāf turn; bypassing, outflanking, sank movement, envelopment, surrounding

ملفوف malfūf wound, coiled; wrapped up (في in); rolled up, rolled together, convolute; twisted, wound (على around); fastened, attached (على to); swathed (ب in or with); plump, stout (body); (syr.) cabbage

ملتف multaff winding, twisting, coiling; wound, coiled; rolled up, rolled together, convolute; spirally wound; intertwined, interwoven, entwined; gathered, assembled, grouped (حول around); clasping, enclosing, embracing, encircling (ب s.th.)

لفت lafata i (laft) and IV to turn, bend, tilt, incline, direct (الى هـ s.th. to or toward), focus (الى هـ s.th. on); to turn sway, avert (عن هـ s.th. from) | لفت نظره الى (naẓarahū), الفت نظره الى to turn one’s eyes or one’s attention to; to direct s.o.’s eyes to, call s.o.’s attention to; لفت النظر to catch the eye, attract attention; to be impressive, stately, imposing; الفت النظر do.; لفت الناس to attract, interest, or captivate people V to turn, turn around, turn one’s face (الى to); to look around, glance around; to peer around | تلفت حوله (ḥaulahū) to look around, glance around; تلفت يمنة ويسرة (yamnatan wa-yasratan) he looked to the right and left VIII to turn, turn around, turn one’s face (الى to); to wheel around, turn around; to address o.s. (الى to); to pay attention, attend (الى to), heed, observe, bear in mind, consider, take into account, take into consideration (الى s.th.); to take care (الى of), care (الى for) | التفت حوله (ḥaulahū) to look around, glance about X to attract (هـ the eye, attention); to claim, arouse, awaken (هـ the interest, the attention, من of s.o.) | استلفت نظره (or انظاره ) to arouse or attract s.o.’s attention, catch s.o.’s eye

لفت lift turnip (Brassica rapa L.; bot.)

لفتة lafta (n. un.) turnabout, about-face; (pl. lalatāt) turn, turning; gesture; sideglance, glance, a furtive, casual, or quick, look

لفات lafāt and لفوت lafūt ill-tempered, surly, sullen

الفت alfat2, f. لفتاء laftā’2, pl. لفت luft left-handed

التفات iltifāt turn, inclination, turning (الى to, toward); attention, notice, heed; regard, consideration; care, solicitude; sudden transition (styl.) | بدون الالتفات bi-dūn l-ilt. inattentive(ly); بدون الالتفات الى inconsiderate of, without consideration for; عدم الالتفات ‘adam al-ilt. inattention; نظر اليه بعين الالتفات (bi-‘ain l-ilt.) to give s.th. sympathetic consideration

استلفاتة istilfāta (n. vic.) a turning (الى to, toward); turn of the face or eyes; side-glance, glance

استلفات istilfāt stimulation of attention

لافتة lāfita sign (bearing an inscription)

ملفت mulfit: ملفت للنظر (naẓar) attracting attention, striking, conspicuous

ملتفت multafit turning around, looking (الى at); regardful; attentive; heedful, careful; considerate

لفح lafaḥa a (lafḥ, لفحان lafaḥān) to burn, scorch, sear (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); -- (lafḥ) to strike lightly; to touch, brush (هـ s.th., e.g., of the breath)

لفحة lafḥa pl. lafaḥāt fire, heat (esp., of fever)

لفوح lafūḥ and لافح lāfiḥ pl. لوافح lawāfiḥ2 burning, scorching, searing

لفاح luffāḥ mandrake (Mandragora officinarum; bot.)

لفظ lafaẓa i (lafz) to emit (ب, هـ s.th.); to spit out (ب, هـ s.th.); to eject (ب, هـ s.th.); to throw (ه s.o.) out (من of); to speak, enunciate, articulate; to pronounce, utter, express, voice, say (ب, ه s.th.) | لفظ النفس الأخير (nafas) to breathe one’s last, die, expire; to be in the throes of death; لفظ انفاسه (anfāsahū) to be in the throes of death, breathe one’s last; لفظه لفظ النواة (lafẓa n-nawāh) to spit s.th. out like a date pit, brush s.th. aside, reject s.th., dismiss s.th. V to pronounce, enunciate, articulate (ب s.th.)

لفظ lafẓ pl. الفاظ alfāẓ sound-group, phonetic complex; expression, term; word; wording; formulation; articulation, enunciation, pronunciation; لفظا verbatim, literally | لفظا ومعنى (ma‘nan) in letter and spirit; أخطأ اللفظ (akṭa’a) to mispronounce

لفظي lafẓī of or pertaining to words, verbal; literal; pronounced; oral

لفظة lafẓa pl. lafaẓāt word; utterance, saying

لفيظ lafīẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced, uttered

تلفظ talaffuẓ pronunciation, enunciation, articulation

ملفوظ malfūẓ ejected, emitted; pronounced, uttered

لفع lafa‘a a (laf‘): لفع الشيب رأسه l. š-šaibu ra’sahū grey hair covered his bead II to cover (هـ s.th., ب with) | لفع الشيب رأسه l. š-šaibu ra’sahū = I; V and VIII to wrap o.s. up (ب in)

ملفع milfa‘ head shawl, muffler

لفق II to invent, fabricate (هـ s.th.); to concoct, contrive, devise, think out (هـ s.th.); to falsify (هـ s.th.); to trump up (هـ s.th.); to patch up, piece together (الى a s.th. with)

تلفيق talfīq invention, fabrication, concoction, fibbing; falsification

تلفيقة talfīqa pl. -āt invented story, fib, yarn

ملفق mulaffaq invented, fabricated, trumped up, fake, fictitious; concocted, contrived, devised; patched up, pieced together; embellished with lies

لفلف laflafa to wrap up, envelop, cover (a s.th.) II talaflafa to wrap o.s. up (في, ب in)

لفو IV to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) VI to put right, to right, repair, correct (هـ s.th.); to make good (هـ a deficiency), eliminate, remove (هـ a danger); to remedy (هـ s.th.); to redress (هـ a loss, and the like), make up (هـ for a loss)

ملافاة mulāfāh correction, adjustment, elimination (of a deficiency)

تلاف talāfin repair, correction; elimination, removal (of a deficiency, of a danger); remedy; redress, reparation

لقب II to call, surname (ب ه s.o. by an agnomen or title) V to be surnamed (ب by an agnomen or title)

لقب laqab pl. القاب alqāb agnomen; nickname; title, honorific; last name, surname, family name (as opposed to اسم given name, first name) | لقب البطولة title of champion (in sports)

ملقب mulaqqab surnamed, nicknamed, called (ب by the laqab ...)

لقح laqaḥa a (laqḥ) and II to impregnate, fecundate, pollinate (هـ s.th.); to graft, bud (هـ a tree); to inoculate, vaccinate (ه s.o.) VI to cross-pollinate

لقح laqḥ impregnation, fecundation, pollination

لقاح laqāḥ seed, semen, sperm; pollen; infective agent, virus; vaccine | لقاح الجدري l. al-judarī variolovaccine; O لقاح الوقاية serum

تلقيح talqīḥ impregnation, fecundation, pollination, grafting, budding; inoculation, vaccination | تلقيح الجدرى t. al-judarī vaccination (against smallpox)

دقيق اللواقح daqīq al-lawāqiḥ2 pollen

ملقح mulaqqaḥ inoculated, vaccinated

لقس laqis: لقس النفس l. an-nafs annoyed, cross

لقط laqaṭa u (laqṭ) to gather, collect, pick up from the ground, glean (هـ s.th.) II = I V to gather, glean (هـ s.th.); to pick up (هـ s.th., also, e.g., with the ear) VIII = I; to receive (هـ radio waves, a radio message; to take (هـ a picture; phot.) | التقط صورة (ṣūra) to make a picture

لقط laqaṭ that which ill picked up or gathered, leftovers, gleanings

لقطة luqṭa that which ill picked up or gleaned, gleanings; article or thing found; (lucky) find; (eg.) bargain, pickup

لقاط luqāṭ and لقاطة luqāṭa that which is picked up or gleaned; leftover ears of grain, gleanings; offal, refuse

لقيط laqīṭ pl. لقطاء luqatā’2 picked up, found; foundling

لقيطة laqīṭa (female) foundling

ملقط milqaṭ pl. ملاقط malāqiṭ2 (pair of) tongs, pincers; (pair of) tweezers, pincette; (pair of) pliers | ملقط الجنين forceps; ملقط النار fire tongs

التقاط iltiqāt gathering, collection, gleaning; taking up, picking up; reception (radio) | جهاز الالتقاط jahāẓ al-ilt. receiver (radio)

لاقط lāqiṭ receiving (radio set); gleaner; gatherer | O لاقط الصوت l. aṣ-ṣaut pickup (of a phonograph); phonograph; O لاقطة الألغام mine sweeper

ملتقط multaqiṭ finder

لقع laqa‘a a (laq‘) to throwaway, discard (هـ s.th.)

لقف laqifa a (laqf, لقفان laqatan) to seize quickly, grab, snatch (هـ s.th.); to catch (هـ s.th.); to snatch up, take over (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.) V and VIII do.; to seize (هـ on), rob, usurp (هـ s.th.)

لقلق laqlaqa to clatter (stork); to babble, chatter, prattle

لقلق laqlaq and لقلاق laqlāq pl. لقالق laqāliq2 stork

لقلقة laqlaqa clatter (of a stork); babble, chatter, prattle; (eg.) gossip

1 لقم laqama u (laqm) to clog up, obstruct, block (هـ s.th.); -- laqima a (/aqrn) to eat, devour. gobble, swallow up (هـ s.th.) II to feed bit by bit (ه s.o.); to load (هـ a weapon; syr.) | لقم القهوة (qahwa) to stir ground coffee into hot water IV to make (ه s.o.) swallow; to feed bit by bit (ه s.o.) VIII to devour, swallow up (هـ s.th.) لقمة luqma pl. لقم luqam bite; bit, mouthful; little piece, morsel | لقمة سائغة titbit, choice morsel: جعله لقمة سائغة ل (ja‘alahū) to make s.o. an easy prey of ...; لقمة القاضي pastry of fine flour, fried in oil like doughnuts and sprinkled with sugar or honey

لقيمة luqaima pl. -āt snack, bit, morsel

ملقم mulaqqim pl. -ūn (syr.; mil.) assistant gunner, loader, cannoneer no. 1

2 لقمي laqmī or لاقمي (magr.) palm wine

3 لقمان luqmān2 Lokman, a legendary sage and author of numerous fables | بقيت دار لقمان على حالها (baqiyat) everything has remained as before

لقن laqina a (لقانة laqāna, لقانية laqāniya) to understand, grasp (هـ s.th.); to gather, infer, note (هـ s.th.) II to teach (هـ ه s.o. s.th.), instruct (هـ ه s.o. in); to dictate (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to instill, infuse, inculcate, inspire (هـ ه in s.o. s.th.), insinuate, suggest (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to whisper (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), prompt (ه s.o.) V = I; to learn, receive, get (من هـ s.th. from), be informed (من هـ of s.th. by)

لقانة laqāna and لقانية laqāniya quick understanding, grasp

تلقين talqīn instruction, direction; dictation; dictate; inspiration, insinuation, suggestion; suborning of a witness (Isl. Law)

ملقن mulaqqin prompter; inspirer; a faqīh who instructs the deceased at his grave what to tell the two angels of death

لقوة laqwa facial paralysis

لقي laqiya a (لقاء liqā’, لقيان luqyān, لقي luqy, لقية luqya, لقى luqan) to encounter (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), meet (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.); to meet (ه s.o.); to come across s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), light upon s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to find (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to experience, undergo, suffer, endure (III s.th.), meet with s.th. (هـ ); to fall to s.o.’s (ه ) lot or share III to meet, come to meet (ه s.o.); to encounter (ه s.o.), have an encounter (ه with); to come across s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), light upon s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to experience, undergo, suffer, endure (هـ s.th.). meet (هـ with s.th.); to receive, get, obtain, achieve (هـ s.th.) | لاقى آذانا صاغية (ṣāgiyatan) to find willing ears IV to throw, cast, fling (هـ s.th.); to throw off, throw down. drop (هـ s.th.); to throw away, discard (هـ s.th.); to put or lay (هـ s.th.) before s.o. (على ), submit (على هـ s.th. to s.o.), pose (على هـ a question to s.o.); to report (على or الى هـ on s.th. to s.o.), set forth (على or الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to recite, play, sing (هـ a song, a musical composition); to present (هـ s.th., e.g., a broadcast); to give (هـ a lecture), hold (هـ a class), make, deliver (هـ a speech); to extend (هـ a greeting, الى to s.o.); to impose, lay (على هـ s.th. on s.o.), burden (هـ على with s.th. s.o.) | القى باله الى, القى بالا ل to pay attention to; القى بيانا عن (bayānan) to make a statement about or on; القى البيض (baiḍ) to lay eggs; القى بزمامه الى (bi-ẓimāmihī) or القى مقاليد امره الى فلان (m. amrihī) to lay one’s rate in s.o.’s hands, entrust one’s fate to s.o.; القى بنفسه (binafsihī) to throw o.s. into, plunge into; القى بنفسه في احضانه (aḥḍānihī) to throw o.s. into s.o.’s arms; القى بيده (bi-yadihī) to surrender to s.o., give o.s. up to s.o.; القى الحبل على الغارب (ḥabl) to give froe rein, give a free hand, impose no restraint; القى خطابا على to make a public address to; القى الدرس (dars) to recite the lesson; القى الرعب في قلبه (ru‘b, qalbih`i) to strike terror to s.o.’s heart, frighten, alarm s.o.; القى السلاح to lay down one’s arms, capitulate, surrender; القى المع اليه (sam‘) to lend one’s ear to s.o., listen to s.o.; القوا اليه اسماعهم (asmā‘ahum) they lent him their ears, they listened to him; القى عليه سؤالا (suālan) to put a question to s.o., ask s.o. a question; القى على عاتقه شيئا to impose s.th. on s.o., hold s.o. responsible for; القى علوما to teach sciences; القى القبض على (qabḍ) to arrest s.o.; القى القنابل على to drop bombs on s.th., bomb s.th.; القى عليه القول (qaul) to dictate to s.o.; to direct, instruct s.o., give s.o. instructions; القى عليها كلمة الطلاق (kalimata ṭ-ṭalāq) he pronounced the formula of divorce against her; القى محاضرة (muhāḍara) to give a lecture, hold a class; القى المسؤولية عليه (mas’ūlīya) to place the responsibility on s.o., saddle s.o. with the responsibility V receive (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to take, accept (هـ s.th.); to get, obtain (هـ s.th.); to learn (عن هـ of s.th. from), be informed (عن هـ of s.th. by); to learn (على or عن هـ s.th. from s.o.), take lessons (عن from s.o.), be taught, be instructed, be coached (عن by s.o.) | تلقى امرا (amran) to receive an order, have orders (soldier); تلقى الأوامر to take orders (com., and the like); تلقاه بالتسليم والقبول (qabūl) to agree wholeheartedly to s.th., submit willingly to s.th.; تلقى دروسا في to take lessons in (some field, ort, science, eto.); تلقى العلوم في الجامعة to study at the university VI to meet, join each other, come together, get together VIII do.; to encounter, meet (ب s.o.) X to throw o.s. down; to lie down, lie

لقى laqan pl. القاء alqā’ offal, discard

لقية luqya encounter, meeting; luqya, laqīya s.th. found, a find

لقيا luqyā encounter, meeting

لقاية liqāya encounter, meeting; s.th. found, a find

القية ulqiya riddle, conundrum

تلقاء tilqā’a (prep.) opposite; in front of | من تلقاء نفسه min tilqā’i nafsihī or من تلقاء ذاته by o.s., of one’s own accord, spontaneously, automatically

تلقائي tilqā’ī automatic; spontaneous; تلقائيا spontaneously, automatically

ملقى malqan pl. ملاق malāqin meeting place, rendezvous; junction, crossing, intersection; road or street intersection, crossroads

لقاء liqā’ encounter; meeting; get together; reunion; liqā’a (prep.) in exchange for, in return for, for, on | الى كفالة (kafāla) on bail; الى اللقاء good by! so long! au revoir!

ملاقاة mulāqāh encounter, meeting, get-together, reunion; reception

القاء ilqā’ throwing, casting, throw, cast, fling; delivery, diction; dictation; recitation, recital | علم الإلقاء ‘ilm al-i. elocution

تلق talaqqin receipt, reception, acceptance; acquisition (also of a skill, of knowledge, eto.); learning (of an art, skill, eto.); pursuit (of studies) | تلقى العلوم في studies at (e.g., at a university)

تلاق talāqin meeting, encounter

التقاء iltiqā’ meeting, reunion (مع with)

ملق mulqin: ملقيات الألغام البحرية mulqiyāt al-a. al-baḥrīya mine layers

ملى mulqan thrown, cast, discarded

ملتقى multaqan pl. ملتقيات multaqayāt meeting place, rendezvous; gathering point, collecting center; intersection, junction, confluence, crossroads | الى الملتقى good-by! so long! au revoir!

1 لك lakka u (lakk) to hit with the fist, to cuff, buffet, pommel (ه s.o.) VIII to be pressed together, thickly set, crammed, jammed, crowded; to crowd together, gather in a mass; to make mistakes or blunders, speak ungrammatically

2 لك lakk pl. الكاك alkāk, لكوك lukūk lac, one hundred thousand (specif., 100,000 rupees)

3 لك lukk, lakk resin; lao; sealing wax

لكأ laka’a a (لكء lak’) to strike, hit; -- لكئ laki’a a (لكأ laka’) to abide, remain, stay (ب at a place) V to be tardy, dilatory, slow, to dawdle, tarry, hesitate (في in s.th.); to loiter, loaf, hang about | تلكأ في الأداء (adā’) to be in default, fail to meet one’s financial obligations

لكأة luka’a hesitant, tardy, dilatory, sluggish, slow; behindhand, in arrears, defaulting

لكز lakaza u (lakz) to strike with the fist; to kick (ه s.o.), to thrust (ه s.o.)

لكز lakiz miserly, stingy

لكاز likāz pin, nail; peg

لكيع lakī‘ pl. لكعاء luka‘ā’ moan, base, ignominious, disgraceful, wicked, depraved; silly, foolish

لكاعة lakā‘a meanness, baseness, disgracefulness, wickedness, depravity

لكم lakama u (lakm) to strike with the fist, box, punch III to engage in a fiat fight, box (ه with s.o.)

لكمة lakma pl. lakamāt blow with the fist, punch

ملكمة milkama boxing glove

ملاكمة mulākama fist fight, boxing matoh

ملاكم mulākim boxer, pugilist, prize fighter

1 لكن lakina a (lakan, لكن lukna, لكونة lukūna, لكنونة luknūna) to speak incorrectly, barbarously; to stammer

لكنة lukna stutter, stammer; incorrect usage, ungrammatical language; incorrect pronunciation

لكانة lakāna: لكانة في الكلام (kalām) speech defect, faltering way of speaking

الكن alkan2, f. لكناء laknā’2, pl. لكن lukn speaking incorrectly; stammering, stuttering

2 لكن lakan pl. الكان alkān basin, copper basin

3 لكن lākin, lakinna see لاكن

لكي li-kai, لكيما li-kai-mā see ل li

2 لم lam (particle, with foll. apoc.) not | لم يكتب lam yaktub he did not write; الم a-lam not though? الم اقل لكم (aqul) haven’t I told you, though? لم -- الا lam -- illā only, nothing but, just, not till, not before

2 لم lima = لما li-mā, see ل li

3 لم lamma u (lamm) to gather, collect, assemble (هـ s.th.); to reunite (هـ s.th.); to arrange, settle, put in order (هـ s.th.); to repair (هـ s.th.), pass. lumma to suffer from or be stricken by a slight mental derangement | لم شعثه (ša‘atahū) to put s.th. in order again, straighten s.th. out, put s.th. right; to recover, pick up; to help s.o. get back on his feet, لم شمل القطيع (šamla l-q.) to round up the herd IV to befall, overcome (fatigue, fear, weakness, adversities, etc.; s.o.); to pay (ب s.o.) a short visit, call ( on s.o.), stop, stay (ب at s.o.’s house); to have sexual intercourse (ب with s.o.); to broach (ب a topic), .peak (ب about). discuss (ب s.th.), to give a survey (ب of), outline, state briefly (ب s.th.), to touch briefly (ب on a subject), to be acquainted or familiar (.... with s.th.), to get to know (ب s.th.), to familiarize o.s., acquaint o.s. (ب with s.th.), to commit, perpetrate (ب a crime), to take, consume (ب food, drink) VIII to gather, assemble, rally; to unite; to visit (s.o.), call (ه on)

لمة lamma pl. لمام limām collection; gathering, assembly; visit, call; misfortune, calamity, slight mental derangement, touch of insanity

لمة limma pl. لمم limam curl, ringlet, lock

لمة lumma traveling party; group, troop, body (of people)

لمم lamam slight mental derangement

لماما limāman occasionally, from time to time, rarely, seldom

لمام lammām wild thyme (bot.)

المام ilmām knowledge, cognizance (ب of s.th.); acquaintance, familiarity, conversance (ب with); (pl. -āt) survey, outline, summary, resume

لامة lāmma evil eye

ملموم malmūm collected, gathered, assembled; concentrated at one point; slightly insane

ملم mulimm completely familiar, conversant (ب with); expert, connoisseur | ملم بالقراءة والكتابة literate

ملمة mulimma pl. -āt misfortune, calamity, disaster

1 لما li-mā see ل li

2 لما lammd (conj.) when, as, after; since, whereas; (particle; with foll. apoc.) not, not yet

لمباجو (Engl.) lambāgō lumbago

لمبة lamba pl. -āt lamp; tube (radio)

لمج V to take a snack

لمجة lumja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre, relish, snack

لمح lamaḥa a (lamḥ) to glance (الى or ه at s.o.); to see, sight, behold, notice (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to become aware (ان that); -- (lamḥ, لمحان lamaḥān, تلماح talmāḥ) to flash, sparkle, glisten, shimmer II to insinuate, intimate, give to understand (الى s.th.), hint (الى at), allude, refer (الى to) III to cast a casual or furtive glance (ه at s.o.) IV to glance casually or furtively (الى or ه at s.o.)

لمح lamḥ quick look, glance; moment, instant | لمح البصر l. al-baṣar glance of the eye; في لمح البصر, كلمح البصر, دون لمح البصر, في اقل من لمح البصر (aqalla) like lightning, in a trice, instantly, in no time

لمحة lamḥa pl. lamaḥāt quick, casual look, glance; wink; glow of light, light, brightness, flash (of lightning) | فيه لمحة من ابيه (abīhi) he looks like his father

لماح lammāḥ shimmering, gleaming, shining

ملامح malāmiḥ2 features, lineaments; traits; outward appearance, looks | فيه ملامح من ابيه (abīhi) he looks like his father; ملامح وظلال (ẓilāl) lights and shades (in painting)

تلميح talmīḥ pl. تلاميح talāmīḥ2 allusion, intimation, insinuation, hint, reference; تلميحا by way of suggestion, indirectly

لمز lamaza u i (lamz) to give (ه s.o.) a wink; to speak ill (ه of s.o.), carp (ه at s.o.), find fault (ه with s.o.), criticize, blame, censure, backbite, slander, defame (ه s.o.)

لمزة lumaza and لماز lammāz fault-finder, captious critic, caviler, carper

1 لمس lamasa u i (lams) to touch, handle, feel with the hand, finger (هـ s.th.), pass one’s hand (هـ over s.th.); to seek (هـ s.th.), look, search, ask (هـ for); to perceive, notice (هـ s.th., الى that), become aware (هـ of s.th., ان that) | لا يلمس (yulmasu) intangible, impalpable; لمس الحقائق to take thing, as they are, face the facts III to be in touch or contact (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.); to touch, feel, finger, palpate (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman) V to feel out, finger, palpate (هـ s.th.); to fumble, grope about; to grope, fumble (هـ for s.th.); to look, search (هـ for); to ask (هـ for) VI to touch each other, be in mutual contact VIII to request (هـ من s.th. from s.o., ل for s.o.), ask (من هـ for s.th. s.o.), solicit (ل ه s.th. for); to beg (هـ for), request urgently (هـ s.th.); to seek (هـ s.th.), look, search (ه, هـ for s.th., for s.o.)

لمس lams feeling, groping; touching, touch | حاسة اللمس ḥāssat al-l. sense of touch

لمسى lamsī tactual, tactile, of or pertaining to the sense of touch

لمسية lamsīya (tun.) date which has not attained full ripeness

لمسة lamsa (n. vic.) touch; (pl. -āt) retouch

لميس lamīs soft to the touch

ملمس malmas pl. ملامس malāmis2 place of touch, spot touched, point of contact; O feeler, tentacle (of insects); touch; contact | ناعم الملمس soft to the touch

ملمسي malmasī tactual, tactile

ملامسة mulāmasa touching, touch, contact; feeling, fingering, palpation; sexual intercourse

تلمس talammus search, quest

التماس iltimās request, solicitation; application, petition

ملموس malmūs touched, felt; palpable, tangible; ملموسات things perceptible to the touch, tangible things

ملتمس multamas pl. -āt request, petition, application

2 الماس look up alphabetically

لمص lamaṣ u (lamṣ) to rail (ه at s.o.); to make faces (ه at s.o.)

لمظ lamaẓa u (lamẓ) to lick one’s lips; to smack one’s lips V do. | تلمظ بذكره (bi-dikrihī) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.

لمع lama‘a (lam‘, لمعان lama‘ān) to gleam, glitter, twinkle, flash, sparkle, glisten, shimmer, shine | لمع بسيفه (bi-saifihī) to brandish the sword; لمع بيده (bi-yadihī) to wave one’s hand; لمع في رأسه خاطر (kāṭirun) a thought flashed through his mind II to cause (هـ s.th.) to shine, gleam, or twinkle; to shine (هـ s.th.), give brightness (هـ to s.th.); to polish (هـ s.th.); to burnish (هـ s.th.) IV to wave (one’s hand); to point out, give to understand, intimate, insinuate (الى s.th.), hint (الى at), allude (الى to) VIII to flash, radiate, glow, shine; to sparkle, glitter, gleam

لمع lam‘ and لمعان lama‘ān luster, sheen, shine; shimmer, gleam, glow, brightness, light

لمعة lum‘a pl. لمع luma‘, لماع limā‘ shimmer, gleam, glow, flash, sparkle, glitter, brilliancy, radiance, beam; gloss, luster, burnish, polish; some, a little

لماع lammā‘ bright, brilliant, lustrous, sparkling, flashing, glistening, shining, radiant; O glossy, glazed, burnished, polished, satined, calendered (tech.) | جلد لماع (jild) patent leather

المع alma‘2 and المعي alma‘ī sagacious, smart, shrewd, clever, bright, intelligent; -- المع alma‘ more lustrous, shinier

المعية alma‘īya sagacity, smartness, shrewdness, cleverness, brightness, intelligence

تلميع talmī‘ polishing, polish

الماعة ilmā‘a allusion, hint

لامع lāmi‘ pl. لوامع lawāmi‘2 brilliant, lustrous, shining, gleaming, shimmering

لامعة lāmi‘a fontanel (anat.); (pl. لوامع lawāmi‘2) gloss, shine

متلمع mutalammi‘ radiant, brilliant, shining, lustrous

لملم lamlama to gather, gather up (هـ s.th.)

ململمة mulamlama trunk, proboscis (of the elephant)

لن lan (conj.; with foll. subj.) not (referring to the future)

جديد لنج (eg.) gad`id lang brand-new

لندرة landra London

لندن landan London

لنش (Engl.) lanš pl. -āt launch, small steamer, motorboat

لنينغراد leningrād Leningrad

لهب lahiba a (lahb, lahab, لهاب luhāb, لهيب lahīb, لهبان lahabān) to flame, burn, blaze II and IV to kindle, light, set on fire, ignite, inflame (هـ s.th.); to excite, stir up, provoke (هـ s.th.) V to flame; to be aflame, be ablaze, burn (also fig.: cheek, anger, thirst, etc.) VIII = V; to catch fire, flare up; to be inflamed (also med.)

لهب lahab, lahīb and لهاب luhāb flame, blaze, flare

لهبان lahbān, f. لهبى lahbā, pl. لهاب lihāb parched with thirst

الهاب ilhāb kindling, lighting, ignition, inflammation

التهاب iltihāb burning; inflammation (also med.); in compounds corresponding to Engl. “-it is” | التهاب الشعب ilt. aš-šu‘ab bronchitis

التهابي iltihābī inflammatory; inflammable

ملتهب multahib burning, flaming, blazing, aflame, ablaze; inflamed; heated, excited, glowing, aglow | قطن ملتهب (quṭn) guncotton

لاهوت look up alphabetically

لهث lahata a (laht, لهاث luhāt) to loll one’s tongue with thirst or fatigue; to pant, gasp, be out of breath; to breathe heavily

لهاث luhāt panting, pant, gasp | لهاث الموت l. al-maut death rattle, agony of death

لهثان lahtān f. لهثى lahtā panting, gasping, out of breath; thirsty

لهج lahija a (lahaj) to be devoted, dedicated (ب to s.th.), be attached (ب to s.o., to s.th.), be very fond (ب of), be in love (ب with); to be bent. be intent, be keen (ب on), be eager (ب for), be mad (ب about, after); to do (ب s.th.) constantly or fervently| لهج بالثناء عليه (tanā’) to extol s.o. fervently; لهج بذكره (bidikrihī) to speak constantly of s.o., mention s.o.’s name continually with praise; لهج بشكره (bi-šukrihī) to launch forth into profuse thanks or praises; لهج بالضراعة (ḍarā‘a) to resort to humble pleas IV causative: الهج لسانه بالشكر (lisānahū, šukr) to elicit profuse thanks from s.o. XI الهاج ilhājja to curdle, coagulate (milk)

لهجة lahja tip of the tongue; tongue; manner of speaking; tone; dialect, vernacular; language | بلهجة العاتب in a reproachful tone, reproachingly; شديد اللهجة in violent language, sharply worded

لهج luhja appetizer, hors d’oeuvre

لهد lahada a (lahd) to overburden, over-exert (ه s.o.)

لهذم lahdam sharp, pointed

لهط lahaṭa a (lahṯ) to slap

لهف lahafa a (lahaf) to sigh (على for s.th. lost); to regret, deplore, lament (على s.th.); to grieve (على for), fret, worry (على shout) V do.; to be eager, yearn (على for, also ل ), pant (على after, also ل )

لهف lahf regret, grief, sorrow | يا لهف yā lahfa and يا لهفا yā lahfā oh, what a pity! too bad! alas! يا لهف (with foll. genit. of pers.) oh, how unfortunate he is! يا لهفي عليك (lahfī) oh, how sorry I feel for you!

لهفة lahfa sigh, lament; anxiety, apprehension, concern, worry, sorrow, grief; yearning, longing, hankering, desire, impatience

لهفان lahfān2 f. لهفى lahfā, pl. لهافى lahāfā, لهف luhuf sighing; regretful; sad, sorry, worried, sorrowful, grieved; longing, yearning

لهيف lahīf pl. لهاف lihāf regretful, sorry, sad, worried, sorrowful, grieved

لاهف lāhif worried, troubled, sorrowful, grieved, full of regret

ملهوف malhūf worried, troubled, depressed; apprehensive, concerned, anxious; covetous, eager (الى or على for), desirous (الى or على of); longing. yearning

متلهف mutalahhif yearning, longing, hankering; anxious, eager, impatient

لهق lahiqa a to be snow-white

لهلق lahlaqa to loll one’s tongue with thirst

لهم lahima a (lahm, laham), V and VIII to devour, gobble, swallow up (ه s.th.); to consume, destroy (ه s.th.; fire) IV to make (ه s.o,) swallow (ه s.th.); to inspire (ه هـ s.o, with) X to ask (ه s.o.) for inspiration or advice; to seek to find out (هـ s.th.), try to get (هـ s.th.); to pray, turn (ه هـ to God for)

لهم lahim and لهوم lahūm greedy, covetous, voracious, gluttonous

الهام ilhām pl. -āt inspiration; instinct

ملهم mulham inspired

(لهو and لهي) لها lahā u (lahw) to amuse o.s., distract o.s., divert o.s., pass or kill time (ب with s.th,); to play, toy, dally, trifle; to fritter away, trifle away, prattle away (بوقته bi-waqtihī one’s time); to enjoy o.s., have fun, have a good time; to delight, take pleasure (الى or ب in); to enjoy, savor, relish (ب s.th.); -- (لهي luhiy, لهيان lihyān) to turn one’s attention (عن from); to try to forget, forget, give up, renounce (عن s.th.), become oblivious (عن of); -- لهي lahiya a (لها lahan) to like, love (ب s.th.), be very fond (ب of), be in love, be infatuated (ب with), be mad (ب about, after); to turn one’s attention (عن from), become oblivious (عن of), forget, give up, renounce (عن s.th,); to pay no attention (عن to), be heedless (عن of) II to delight, amuse, divert, distract (ب ه s.o. with), divert s.o.’s (ه ) attention (عن from), make (عن s.o.) oblivious (عن of); to keep, divert (عن s.o. from), take s.o.’s (ه ) mind away (عن from) III to approach, be near (ه s.o.) IV = II; V and VI to amuse o.s., pass the time (ب with s.th,), take pleasure, delight (ب in); to seek distraction (ب عن in s.th. from) VIII do.: to play, toy, trifle (ب with s.th.)

لهو lahw amusement, entertainment, diversion, distraction, passtime, pleasure, sport, fun, play | دور اللهو dūr al-l. and اماكن اللهو places of entertainment. amusement centers

لهاة lahāh pl. لهوات lahawāt, لهيات lahayāt, لهي luhiya, lihīy, لها lahan, لهاء lahā’ uvula

لهوى lahawī velar (adj.) الحرفان اللهويتان al-ḥarfān al-lahawīyatān the velars q and k

ملهاة malhāh object of delight; comedy | ملهاة عامية (‘āmmīya) popular farce

ملهى malhan pl. ملاه malāhin place of entertainment, amusement center; amusement, entertainment, fun, diversion, distraction | ضريبة الملاهي admissions tax, entertainment tax

ملهى milhan pl. ملاه malāhin plaything toy; pl. musical instruments, also آلات الملاهي

تلهية talhiya distraction, diversion, amusement

لاه lāhin (with عن ) heedless, inattentive, inadvertent, oblivious, forgetful

مله mulhin amusing, entertaining, diverting, pleasant

لو lau (conj.) if (as a rule, introducing hypothetical conditional clauuses) | لو ان lau anna (introducing nominal clauses) if; لولا laulā if not; لولانا if it weren’t (hadn’t been) for us; فيما لو fī-mā lau in case that; ولو wa-lau although, though; even if; (optative particle) if only ...! would that ...! I wish ...! لو يعلم I wish he knew! if he only knew!

لوبيا lūbiyā bean (bot.) | لوبيا بلدي (baladī) (eg.) cowpea (Vigna Binenais Endl.; bot.); لوبيا عافن (eg.) hyacinth bean, lablab (Dolichos lablab L.; bot.)

لوبيا lūbyā Libya

لوبي lūbī Libyan

1 لات (لوت ) (lāta: لات حين مناص l. hīnu manāṣin it’s too late to escape

2 لوت lūt (eg.) maigre (Sciaena aquila)

لاث (لوث ) lāta u (laut) and II to stain, tarnish, soil, sully (هـ s.th.); -- lawita a (lawat) to be dilatory, tardy, slow; to hesitate, tarry, linger V to be or get stained, blotted, tarnished, soiled, sullied (ب with) VIII to be dilatory, tardy, slow; to be obscure, confused, complicated (على for s.o.)

لوثة lauta stain, blot, spot

لوثة lūta languor, lassitude, fatigue, faintness; passion, weakness (في for, also with foll. genit.: for) |فيه (به) لوثة he is a little crazy, he has a bee in his bonnet

ملوث mulawat stained, blotted, tarnished, soiled, sullied, unclean; stricken with cholera, pestilence, etc.

ملتاث multāt mentally confused

لوج (Fr. loge) lōj pl. -āt, الواج alwāj (theater) box, loge; (masonic, etc.) lodge

لاح (لوح ) lāḥa u (lauḥ) to appear, show, loom, emerge, come in sight; to become visible (ل to s.o.); to break, begin to show (dawn); to shine, gleam, glint, flash, shimmer, glimmer, sparkle; to seem, appear; to wither, singe, parch, scorch; to tan (ه s.o.; sun) |يلوح لي ان it seems to me that ...; على ما يلوح as it seems, apparently II to make a sign, beckon, wave (ب ل or الى to s.o. with); to signal; to allude (ب to), hint (ب at), intimate, insinuate (ب ل to s.o. s.th.), give (ب ل s.o. s.th.) to understand; to flourish, brandish, swing, wave (ب s.th.); to turn grey (هـ the head; of old age); to burn, tan (ه s.o.; sun); to plank, lay with planks (هـ the floor) |لوح بيديه (biyadaihi) to wave with the hands IV to appear, show, come in sight; to shimmer, glimmer, glint, flash, sparkle; to wave, brandish, flourish, swing (هـ s.th.)

لوح lauḥ pl. الواح alwāḥ, alwāḥ board, blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; pane; plank, board; panel; small board, signboard; shoulder blade, scapula |لوح اردواز (arduwāz) slab of slate, slate; O لوح مجعد (muja‘‘ad) corrugated iron; لوح الجليد block of ice; لوح حديد sheet iron; لوح زجاج zujāj sheet of glass, pane; O لوح متحرك (mutaḥarrik) spring-board (in sports); لوح معدني (ma‘dinī) metal plate, metal sheet; لوح النافذة windowpane

لوحة lauḥa pl. -āt, الواح alwāḥ board; blackboard; slate; tablet; slab; plate, sheet; pane; panel; plaque; plane, surface; screen; placard, poster; picture, painting |لوحة الاسم l. al-ism doorplate, name plate; لوحة التوزيع switchboard (el., tel.); لوحة الداما checkerboard; لوحة زيتية (zaitīya) oil painting; لوحة سوداء (saudā’) blackboard; bulletin board; لوحة الشطرنج l. aš-šaṭranj chessboard; لوحة الكتابة slate; writing tablet; blackboard

لواح lawwāḥ withering, singeing, parching, scorching

لوح talwīḥ pl. -āt beckoning, waving, flourishing, brandishing; sign, signal, wink, wave; allusion; hint, intimation, insinuation; metonymy; pl. hints, references; remarks, annotations, marginal notes

لائحة lā’iḥa pl. -āt لوائح lawā’iḥ2 program, project; bill, motion (esp., in parliament); order, decree, edict; ordinance; regulation, rule; pl. لوائح outward appearance, looks, outward sign| لائحة قانونية, لائحة القانون bill, draft law; لائحة السفر l. as-safar timetable, train schedule, railroad guide; لائحة الطعام l. aṯ-ṯa‘ām (syr.) menu, bill of fare

ملوحة mulawwiḥa signal, semaphore (railroad)

ملتاح multāḥ sun-tanned, sunburned

(لوذ ) lāda u (laud, لواذ liwād, lawād, luwād, لياذ liyād) to take refuge, seek shelter (ب with s.o., in s.th.), have recourse, resort (ب to); to keep close (ب to), observe religiously (ب s.th.)

ملاذ malād refuge, protection; shelter; asylum, sanctuary; protector

لائذ lā’id one seeking shelter or protection, refugee

لوذع and لوذعي see لذع

لور lūr lyre

لورد (Engl.) lord pl. -āt lord

لورى (Engl.) lorry, truck

لوز II to stuff with almonds (هـ s.th.); (eg.) to form bolls (cotton)

لوز lauz almond(s) (coll.), (eg.) patch (on a shoe) | لوز القطن l. al-quṭn cotton bolls; دودة اللوز dūdat al-l. boll weevil

لوزة lauza pl. -āt almond; اللوزتان the tonsils (anat.) | التهاب اللوزتين ilt. al-lauzatain tonsillitis

لوزى lauzī almond-shaped, almond (adj.)

لاس (لوس ) lāsa u (laus) to taste

لات (لوص ) lāṣa u (lauṣ) to peep, peer, pry (through a chink in the door, or the like) III do. (ه for s.o.); to stare, gaze (هـ or الى at s.th.), to look firmly, unflinchingly (هـ or الى at s.th.); to dupe, cheat, deceive (ه s.o.)

ملاوص mulāwiṣ sly, cunning, wily

لاط (لوط ) lāṯa u (lauṯ) to stick, cling, adhere ( to); to coat with clay, to plaster ( a wall)

لوط lūṯ Lot (Biblical name)

لوط lūṭī sodomite, pederast

لواط liwāṭ and لواطة liwāṭa sodomy, pederasty

لاع (لوع ) lā‘a u (lau‘) to he or heoome restive, impatient; to become ill j to seize vehemently, overwhelm, torment, make sick (ه s.o.; love); to tan (ه s.o.; sun) II to torture, torment, agonize VIII to be burning, inflamed, languishing (with love, longing); to feel burning anxiety (على for s.o.)

لوعة lau‘a ardor of love, amorous rapture, lovesickness; pain, grief, anguish, anxiety, torment, torture, agony

التياع iltiyā‘ burning, enrapturedness, burning anxiety. anguish; agony, pain, suffering

ملاوع mulāwi‘ cunning, artful, wily, crafty, sly

لوغاريتمات lūgāritmāt logarithms

1 لاف (لوف ) lāfa u (lauf) to eat, chew (هـ s.th.)

2 لوف lūf luffa, dishcloth gourd (Luffa cylindrical Roem; bot.)

ملوق milwaq pl. ملاوق malāwiq2 spatula

1 لاك (لوك ) lāka u (lauk) to chew (هـ s.th.); to talk constantly about s.th. (هـ ), to bring into discredit (سمعته sum‘atahū s.o.’s reputation) |لاك الكلام (kalām) to be inhibited in one’s speech, stammer, express o.s. imperfectly, السؤال الذي تلوكه الألسنة (alsina) the question which is on everyone’s lips; ما تلوكه الألسن (alsun) what people say, what is generally rumored

2 لائكي and لائكية look up alphabetically

لوكانده (It. locanda) and لوكنده lōkanda pl. -āt inn; hotel

لولب laulab pl. لوالب lawālib2 screw; spiral; spiral spring, coil spring, extension spring; spring; axle; (fig.) mainspring, pivot point

لولبي laulabī screw-shaped; spiral, helical | O لولبيات زهرية (zuharīya) spiroohetes, syphilogenous bacteria; درج لولبي (daraj) spiral staircase

1 لام (لمس ) lāma u (laum, ملام malām, ملامة malāma) to blame, censure, rebuke, chide, scold, reproach (في or على ه s.o. for) II to censure sharply, reprove, reprimand (ه s.o.) IV = I; V to blame o.s. ; to tarry, linger, take one'. time (في or على in or with s.th.), procrastinate, temporize, hedge VI to blame each other VIII to be censured, he blamed X to deserve blame, be blameworthy, reprehensible

لوم laum and لومة lauma censure, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach

لومة luwama and لوام lawwām severe censurer, stem critic; censorious

ملام malām and ملامة malāma pl. ملاوم malāwim2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach

تلويم talwīm censure, rebuke, reproof

لائم lā’im pl. لوم luwwam, لوام lawwām, ليم luyyam censurer, critic, accuser

لائمة lā’ima pl. لوائم lawā’im2 censure, rebuke, reproof, blame, reproach

ملوم malūm, مليم malīm and ملام mulām censured, blamed; blameworthy, reprehensible

لومان lūmān penitentiary, penal servitude

لومانجي lūmānjī convict, inmate of a penitentiary

لون II to variegate, dapple, make colorful (هـ s.th.); to color, tint, tinge, paint, daub (هـ s.th.); to make up, rouge (هـ the face, etc.) V to be colored or tinted; to color, change color, become discolored; to he colorful, variegated; to be fickle

لون laun pl. الوان alwān color; coloring, tint, tinge, hue, shade; complexion; kind, sort, specimen, species; dish, course; pl. (with foll. genit.) all kinds of | الوان الأطعمة a. al-aṭ‘ima all kinds of food; مختلف الألوان muktalif al-a. variegated, multicolored, motley, varied, various; جلى الوانه jallā alwānahu to bring out the different aspects of s.th., point up s.th., make s.th. stand out

لوني launī colorful, colored, color- (in compounds), chromatic

تلوين talwīn coloring

ملون mulawwan colored, tinted, colorful, many-colored, variegated, kaleidoscopic

متلون mutalawwin colored, tinted; many-colored, multicolored; iridescent, opalescent, scintillating; changeable, inconstant, unsteady; whimsical, capricious, fickle

لونجي (eg.) lawingī and لاونجي lāwingī attendant, bath attendant

لونجية lawingīya housekeeper, woman attendant, servant, housemaid

لوندا (It. lavanda) lawandā lavender | ماء اللوندا lavender water

لوى lawā i (لي layy, لوي lawīy) to turn (هـ s.th.); to crook, curve (هـ s.th.); to bend, flex, bend up, down, back or over (هـ s.th.); to twist, contort, wrench, warp (هـ s.th.); to distort, pervert (هـ s.th.); to turn (هـ the head), turn away, avert (هـ the face); to turn around, turn (على to s.o., to s.th.), face (على s.o., s.th.); to think back (على on), recall (على s.th.); to care, bother (على about), pay attention or heed (على to) | لوى فيه اللسان (lisān) to speak ill of s.o., backbite s.o.; لا يلوي على شيء not to care about anything, be utterly reckless; -- (لي layy, ليان layyān) to conceal, keep secret (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.); -- lawiya a (لوى lawan) to be crooked, curved, bent; to writhe, twist; to wind, coil II to bend, bow, incline, tilt, twist, wrench, contort, turn, crook, curve (هـ s.th.); to pervert, distort, complicate (هـ s.th.) IV to turn, twist, bend, crook, curve (ب or هـ s.th.); to avert (عن هـ s.th. from); to wave (بيده bi-yadihī one’s hand); to hoist (هـ a flag); to take away, put away, remove (ب s.th.) | الوى عنان الشيء to avert, prevent, restrain s.th. (عن from), check, curb s.th. V to be twisted, winding, tortuous, sinuous, bent, crooked; to be turned, be twisted; to turn, twist, wind, meander, coil; to writhe, wriggle, squirm; to display shrewdness and cunning VIII to be curved, crooked, bent; to be turned, be twisted; to twist, warp, get contorted, get bent out of shape; to turn off, turn away; to turn one’s back (or on s.th.); to be or become difficult, involved, intricate, complicated (على for s.o.)

لي layy bending, twist(ing), turn(ing) | لي الشيشة (eg.) the flexible tube of the narghile; لا يعرف الحي من اللي (ya‘rifu l-ḥayya) he doesn’t know enough to come in out of the rain, he wouldn't know a snake from a garden hose

لية Iayya pl. لوى liwan bend, fold, flexure, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, turn, curve

لوى lawan pl. الواء alwā’ gripes, colic; agony, pain, hardship | قاسى الألواء واللأواء (la’wā’) to die a thousand deaths

لوى liwan pl. الواء alwā’, الوية alwiya curvature

لواء liwā’ pl. الوية alwiya, الويات alwiyāt banner, flag, standard; brigade (mil.; U.A.R., Leb., Ir.); major general (mil.; U.A.R.); rear admiral (Eg.); province, district (Ir.; the country is subdivided into 14 لواء | امير اللواء brigadier general (Ir.); لواء جوي (jawwī) air-force brigade; عقد لواء شيء (liwā’a š.) to found, start, originate, produce, cause, arouse, provoke s.th.; البارحة المعقود لواؤها للأميرال (liwā’uhā) the admiral’s flagship ...; عقد له لواء المجد (النصر ) ‘uqida lahū l. ul-majd (un-naṣr) approx.: he was awarded the laurel of fame (of victory)

لواء lawwā’ wryneck (zool.)

ملوى milwan pl. ملاو malāwin spanner, wrench; O peg (of stringed instruments)

التواء iltiwā’ curvedness, curvature; bend, twist, tortuosity, sinuosity, curve; crookedness, wryness; perverseness, absurdity | التواء الأرض ilt. al-arḍ unevenness of the terrain

التواءة iltiwā’a (n. vic.) pl. -āt a bending, flexing, twist (e.g., of the body in dancing)

لاو lāwin pl. لواة luwāh turning, twisting | غير لاو على reckless of, without regard for

ملوي malwī crooked, curved, bent; twisted, warped, contorted; winding, meandering, tortuous, sinuous; perverted, wrong, absurd

ملتو multawin = ملوى

ملتوى multawan pl. -āt turn (of the road), curve; curvature

1 لي and لية see لوى

2 لياء liyyā’ mackerel shark, porbeagle (zool.)

ليبريا lībaryā Liberia

ليبيا lībiyā Libya; ليبي lībī Libyan

ليت laita and يا ليت yā laita (particle, with foll. noun in acc. or personal suffix) would God! if only ...! | ليتني مت لأجلك laitanī muttu li-ajlika would God I had died for you! ليته كان هنا I wish he were here! if only he were here! يا ليت كان يذهب (yadhabu) I wish he had gone! ليت شعري (ši‘rī) I wish I knew ...!

ليترجية līturjīya pl. -āt liturgy

ليتوانيا lītuwānīya Lithuania

ليتواني lītuwānī Lithuanian

ليث lait pl. ليوث luyūt lion

لياذ see لوذ

ليرا līrā and ليرة līra pl. -āt pound (as a monetary unit) | ليرة انكليزية (ingilīzīya) pound sterling

1 ليس laisa (without imperf.) not to be (with ب or acc. s.th. or s.o.); not to exist; (= intensified لا ) not | ليس الا (illā) terminating a sentence: only, and no more, and nothing else; ليس – سوى (siwā) nothing but, only, merely; ليس على شيء من الحقيقة there is not a grain of truth in it; ليس – فقط -- بل (faqaṭ, bal) not only -- but also; ليس ل not to have, not to possess; ليس لنا شيء we don’t have anything; ليس له ان he has no right to ..., he mustn’t ...; ليس من not to belong to …, have nothing to do with ...; اليس كذلك a-laisa ka-dālik? Isn’t it so?; (with ب and participle) to be unable to, لست بفاعل lastu bi-fā‘ilin I can’t do it

2 ليس layisa a (layas) to be valiant, brave, courageous

اليس alyas2, f. ليساء laisā’2, pl. ليس līs valiant, brave, courageous

ليسانس (Fr. licence) līsans the academic degree of a licentiate

ليف II to rub with palm fibers (هـ s.th.) V to form fibers, become fibrous

ليف līf (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. الياف alyāf fibers, fibrils, bast | ليف هندي (hindī) coco fibers, coir; اليف الكتان a. al-kattān flax fibers

ليفة līfa (n. un.) fiber, fibril; tuft of palm fibers used as a brush | ليفة الاستحمام bath هـ sponge, luffa

ليفي līfī and ليفاني līfānī fibered, fibrous

تليف talayyuf fibration, fibrillation; cirrhosis (med.)

(ليق) لاق lāqa i (laiq) to befit, become (ب s.o.), be proper, seemly (ب for s.o.), be suitable (ب to s.o.), be worthy (ب of s.o.); to be suited, appropriate, fit (ب for s.th.); to fit (garment)

ليقة līqa pl. ليق liyaq tuft of cotton or silk threads which is inserted in an inkwell; putty; clay; mortar

لياقة liyāqa propriety, seemliness, suitableness; decorum, decency; capability, skill; efficiency, competence; worthiness, merit, desert; correct behavior, blameless conduct, good manners | مخل باللياقة (mukill improper, unseemly, unbecoming

اليق alyaq2 more suitable, more appropriate, more proper, fitter (ب for)

لائق lā’iq suitable, appropriate, proper, befitting, becoming, seemly; suited, adapted, fit; worthy, deserving

ليل lail (usually m.) nighttime, night (as opposed to نهار daytime); pl. ليالي layālī (syr.) a certain vocal style; ليلا lailan at night | ليل نهار laila nahāra day and night

ليلة laila pl. -āt, ليال layālin, ليائل layā’il2 night (u opposed to يوم ); evening; soirée; الليلة al-lailata tonight I بين ليلة وضحاها (wa-ḍuḥāhā) overnight; ليلة امس lailata amsi last night; yesterday evening; ليلة خيرية kairīya) charity soirée, benefit performance; ليلة الدخلة l. ad-dukla wedding night; ليلة راقصة soirée dansante, evening dance; ليلة زهرةا glamorous evening party; ليلة شادية (šādiya) soirée of vocal music; ليلة ليلاء (lailā’2) dark night; في ليلة ليلاء in the dark of night, under cover of the night; ليلة القدر l. al-qadr or ليلة القضاء l. al-qaḍā’ the night in which, according to sura 97, the Koran was revealed, celebrated between the 26th and 27th of Ramadan; ليلة المعراج l. al-mi‘rāj the night of the 27th of Rajab in which the Prophet made his journey through the seven heavens; ليلة نصف شعبان l. niṣf aš-ša‘bān the night between the 14th and 16th of Shaban, when, according to popular belief, the heavenly tree of life is shaken, shedding the leaves of those who will die next year; ليلة النقطة l. an-nuqṭa the night of June 17th (the 11th day of the Coptic month Ba’ūna) when, according to popular belief, a miraculous drop falls from heaven, thus causing the annual rise of the Nile

ليلتئذ lailata’idin (in) that night; (on) that evening

ليلي lailī nocturnal, nightly; of night, night- (in compounds); evening (adj.)

ليلى lailā a woman’s name | كل يبكي (يغني) على ليلاه kullun yabkī (yugannī) ‘alā lailāhu everyone sings his own tune, does as he pleases, follows his own fancy; كل يدعي وصلا بليلاه (yadda‘ī waṣlan) everybody claims to be the chosen one, every-one brags in his own way

ليلاء see ليلة

ليلك (Engl.) lailak lilac

ليمان līmān pl. -āt harbor, port; penitentiary

ليمون laimūn, līmūn (n. un. ة ) pl. -āt lemon | ليمون حامض lime; شراب الليمون šarāb al-l. lemonade

1 لان (لين ) lāna i (līn, ليان layān) to be or become soft, tender, gentle, mild, pliable, flexible, supple; to yield, give way; to soften, relent, calm down; to become milder, friendlier | لا يلين inflexible, unbending; لانت قناته (qanātuhū) to show o.s. compliant, yield, relent, give in II and IV to soften, relax, (هـ s.th.); to placate, soothe, allay, mitigate, assuage, temper, moderate (هـ s.th.) ill to be gentle, kind, friendly (ه to s.o.); to treat with kindness and leniency (ه s.o.)

لين līn softness; tenderness; tender treatment; gentleness; flexibility, pliableness, suppleness; yieldingness, compliance, tractability; pliancy, smoothness, diarrhea | لين العظام softening of the bones, osteomalicia (med.); لين القيادة tractability, docility; حروف اللين the “soft” letters ا, و, ي

لين layyin pl. -ūn, اليناء alyinā’2 and lain pl. -ūn soft; flabby, feeble; tender; gentle; flexible, pliable, yielding; pliant, supple, resilient, elastic, tractable | لين العريكة l. al-‘arīka mild-mannered, gentle-hearted; لين القياد tractable, manageable, docile, obedient; بطنه لين (baṭnuhū) he suffers from diarrhea

ليونة luyūna softness; tenderness; gentleness; flexibility, pliability, suppleness | ليونة الجانب sociability, companionableness, compliance, yieldingness, tractability

ملاينة mulāyana friendliness, kindness

ملين mulayyin softening, emollient; dissolvent, diluent; aperient, cathartic, laxative; ملينات laxatives

2 ليان see لوى

م

ش م م (= شركة مسئولية محدودة ) Inc., Ltd.

م ma for ما what? after prepositions: الى م ilā ma whereto? Where? which way? whither? بم bi-ma with what? Wherewith? لم li-ma why? wherefore? حتى م ḥattā ma how far? to which point?

ما mā 1. (interrogative pronoun) what | لما li-mā why? wherefore? for what reason? ماذا mā-dā what (on earth)? لماذا li-mādā why (on earth)? ما لك what’s the matter with you? what is it? ما لي, ما لك etc., (with foll. verb) why? wherefore? what for? why should I, should you, etc.? ما انت وذاك mā anta wa-dāka what’s that to you? what has this to do with you? what do you know about that? ما اجمله mā ajmalahū how handsome he is! ما افضل عمر mā afḍala ‘umara! how excellent Omar is! -- 2. (relative pronoun) that which, what; something which; whatever, all that | ما شاء الله see شاء; كثيرا ما katīran mā not seldom, as often as not, very often; بما فيه bi-mā fīhi including ..., inclusive; ما كان من امضاء المعاهدة (imḍā’i l-mu’āhada) the fact that the agreement has been signed, the agreement having been signed; -- 3. (indefinite pronoun) foll. an indefinite noun: some, a certain | لأمر ما li-amrin mā because of something or other, for some reason or other; يوما ما yauman mā some day, sometime in the future; -- 4. (negation) not | ما ان (in) not (intensified); ما ان -- حتى mā an – ḥattā no sooner had he than ..., he had hardly … when ...; وما هي الا ان wa-mā hiya illā an or وما هو الا ان (with foll. verb in perfect) before long he ..., presently ...; then, thereupon; وما هي الا ان -- حتى wa-mā hiva illā an – ḥattā no sooner had he than he had hardly when ...; -- 5. (conjunction) as long as | ما دمت حيا mā dumtu ḥayyan as long I live; ما لم mā lam so long as not, unless; -- 6. whenever; as far as, to the extent or degree that | ما واتتني الفرص (wātatnī l-furaṣ) (whenever opportunities came my way, i.e.) whenever I had a chance

ما بين mā-bain antechamber, anteroom (of the Turkish Sultan); chief chamber-lain’s office (in Ottoman Turkey)

ماء and مائي see موه

ماتينيه (Fr. matinée) mātīnēh matinee

ماجريات see جري

ماجستير mājistēr master, schoolmaster

ماخور mākūr pl. مواخير mawākīr2 house of ill repute, brothel

مار mār Mar, lord (Chr., preceding the names of saints), saint

مارس mars March (month)

مارستان māristān lunatic asylum

مارش marš march (mus.)

مارشال mārišāl marshal, field marshal | مارشال جوي (jawwī) air marshal (formerly, a rank reserved exclusively for the King; Eg.)

مارشالية mārišālīya marshalcy, rank or position of a marshal

مارك mark pl. -āt mark (monetary unit)

ماركسي marksī Marxist

ماركسية marksīya Marxism

ماركة marka pl. -āt mark, sign, token | ماركة تجارية (tijārīya) trade-mark

ماروني mārūnī pl. موارنة mawārina Maronite (adj. and n.)

مازوت māzūt mazut (residue in oil distillation, used as a fuel), heavy oil

ماس mās and ماسة māsa (for الماس ) diamond

ماسي māsī diamond (used attributively)

ماسورة māsūra pl. مواسير mawāsīr2 pipe, tube; hose; pipestem; water pipe, water main; gun barrel; conduit, conduit pipe; pipeline (esp., for oil)

ماسون (Fr. maçon) māsōn Freemason

ماسوني māsōnī freemasonic, masonic

ماسونية māsōnīya Freemasonry

ماشك māšik pl. مواشك mawāšik2 tongs, fire tongs

مئق ma’iqa a (مأق ma’aq) to sob

مأق ma’q pl. مآق ma’āqin inner corner of the eye

مأقة ma’qa sobbing, sob

موق mūq pl. آماق āmāq inner corner of the eye

ماكياج (Fr. maquillage) mākiyāiii face painting, make-up

ماكينة mākīna pl. -āt, مكائن makā’in2 machine

مالطة malṭa Malta

مالطي malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)

مالنخوليا mālinkōliyā or ماليخاليا mālīkōliyā melancholia

مأمأ ma’ma’a to bleat (sheep)

مأن ma’ana a (ma’n) to sustain, supply with provisions, provision, victual (ه s.o.)

مأنة ma’na pl. ma’anāt, مؤون mu’ūn navel, umbilicus; umbilical region

مؤنة mu’na and مؤونة ma’ūna pl. مؤن mu’an provisions, food.; store, stock; supply; burden, encumbrance, inconvenience; trouble, pains, effort | مؤن حربية (ḥarbīya) war material

مئني see مائة below

مانجو mangō mango, mango tree (bot.)

مانجوست mangost mongoose, ichneumon (zool.)

المانش (Fr. la Manche) al-mānš the English Channel

مانوليا mānūliyā magnolia (bot.)

مانوي mānawī Manichaean

مانوية mānawīya Manichaeism, doctrines of Manes

مانيفاتورة mānīfātūra manufactured goods, dry goods, textiles

مانيفستو mānīfistō manifest, list of a ship’s cargo

مانيكان mānīkān, (also مانوكان mānūkān) pl. -āt mannequin, fashion model

ماهية māhīya pl. -āt quality, quiddity, essence, nature; salary, income; pay (mil.)

مايسترو (It. maestro) māyistrō maestro, conductor

مائة or مئة mi’a pl. مئون mi’ūn, مئات mi’āt hundred | في المائة per cent

مئوي mi’awī and مئيني mi’īnī centesimal, centigrade; percentile, percentual | عيد مئوي (‘īd) 100th anniversary, centennial; نسبة مئوية or نسبة مئينية (nisba) percentage; درجة مئوية (daraja) centigrade (thermometer)

1 مايو māyū May

2 مايو (Fr. maillot) māyō and مايوه māyōh tights

مت matta u (matt) to spread, extend, stretch (هـ s.th.); to seek to establish a link (الى to s.o., ب by marriage), enter into relations (الى with); to be related, become related by marriage (الى to), marry into the family of (الى ); to belong (الى to); to be associated, be connected (الى with) | بصلة الى (bi-ṣilatin) to have close ties with s.o., be related (by marriage) to s.o.; to be connected with s.th., have to do with s.th.; مت له باقرب الصلة (bi-aqrabi ṣ-ṣila) to be most intimately connected with s.o.

ماتة mātta close ties; family ties, kinship

متح mataḥa a (matḥ) to draw from a well (هـ water)

متر mitr pl. امتار amtār meter (measure of length)

متري mitrī metric(al)

متراليوز (Ft. mitrailleuse) mitrāliyōz machine gun

متع mata‘a a (mat‘, متعة mut‘a) to carry away, take away (ب s.th.); -- (متوع mutū‘) to be strong, firm, solid | متع النهار (nahār) it was broad daylight, the sun was high II to make (ه s.o.) enjoy (ب s.th.); to furnish, equip, supply (ب ه s.o. with); to give as compensation (هـ ها to a divorced woman s.th.) | متعه الله God grant him enjoyment throughout his life; متع البصر (baṣara) to gratify the eye IV to make (ه s.o.) enjoy (ب s.th.); to have the usufruct (ب of s.th.) V and X to enjoy, savor, relish (ب s.th.)

متعة mut‘a pl. متع muta‘ enjoyment, pleasure, delight, gratification; recreation; compensation paid to a divorced woman (Isl. Law); (also نكاح المتعة ) muta, temporary marriage. usufruct marriage contracted for a specified time and exclusively for the purpose of sexual pleasure (Isl. Law) | اماكن المتعة recreation centers

متاع matā‘ pl. امتعة amti‘a enjoyment, pleasure, delight, gratification; object of delight; necessities of life; chattel, possession, property; goods, wares, commodities, merchandise; furniture; implements, utensils, household effects; baggage, luggage, equipment, gear; useful article, article of everyday use; things, objects, stuff, odds and ends | متاع العين m. al-‘ain delight of the eyes; سقط المتاع saqaṭ al-m. scrap, waste, discard, refuse; الأمتعة الشخصية (šakṣīya) personal belongings; متاع المرأة m. al-mar’a cunnus (anat.)

امتع amta‘ more enjoyable, more delightful; recreative, recreational

امتاع imtā‘ pleasure, delight, gratification (which s.th. affords)

تمتع tamattu‘ enjoyment | اسهم تمتع ashum t. participating certificates, shares entitling the bolder to participation in the net profit without the right to vote

استمتاع istimtā‘ enjoyment; love of pleasure, epicureanism

ماتع māti‘ long

ممتع mumatti‘ pleasant, delicious, enjoyable, delightful, gratifying

ممتع mumatta‘ enjoying (ب s.th.), in position (ب of)

ممتع mumti‘ pleasant, delicious, enjoyable, delightful, gratifying; interesting

متن matuna u (متانة matāna) to be firm, strong, solid II to make firm or strong (هـ s.th.); to strengthen, consolidate, fortify (هـ s.th.)

متن matn pl. متون mutūn, متان mitān half, or side, of the back; back (esp., of animals, but also fig.); main thing, main part; body (e.g., of a document or journal, aside from footnotes, annotations, etc.), text (of a tradition, as distinguished from the isnād; of a book, as distinguished from the commentary; also, in general, linguistic or literary text); middle of the road, roadway, pavement; surface; desk of a ship | على متن aboard (a ship or airplane); على متن البحر (m. il-baḥr) by sea, sea-borne; على متن الهواء (m. il-hawā’) through the air, air-borne

متن matn and متن firm, strong, solid

متانة matāna firmness, strength, solidity, hardiness; will power, strength of will, determination, backbone, firmness of character, fortitude; succinctness, conciseness of style

تمتين tamtīn strengthening, consolidation

متى matā s. (interrogative particle) when? at what time? | الى متى and حتى متى till when? how long? -- 2. (conjunction) when, whenever | متى ما whenever

مثاث matāt cream, cosmetic

مثل matala u (مثول mutūl) to resemble (ه s.o.), be or look like s.o. (ه ), boar a likeness (ه to); to imitate, copy (ه s.o.); to compare, liken (ب ه s.o. to); to represent, mean, signify (هـ s.th.), stand for (هـ ); to stand erect (بين يديه baina yadaihī before s.o. in audience), appear before s.o.; to present o.s. to s.o.; to present itself to the eye, be on view; to plant o.s., stand; to step forth, come forward, enter, appear, make one’s appearance (esp. of an actor, on the stage) | مثل بين يدي الملك (b. yadayyi l-malik) to have an audience with the king, be received in audience by the king; -- u (matl) to maim, mutilate (ب s.o.); -- u (matl, مثلة mutla) to make an example (ب of s.o.); -- matula u (مثول mutūl) to stand, appear (بين يديه baina yadaihi before s.o. in audience) II to make (هـ s.th.) like s.th. else (ب ), make (هـ s.th.) similar. analogous (ب to); to assimilate (biol.); to give or quote as an example (ب ل s.th. of, also هـ s.th. على of), exemplify (ل ب with s.th. s.th.), use as a simile (ب هـ s.th. for); to compare, liken (ب هـ, ه s.o. s.th. to); to punish severely, treat harshly (ب s.o.); to maim, mutilate (ب s.o.); to represent pictorially or graphically, show (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), picture, depict, describe (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to portray, paint (ه s.o.), sculpture a bust or statue (ه of s.o.); to represent (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to act (on stage or screen), appear as an actor; to play, act (دورا dauran a part or role), star (دورا in a role); to stage, perform (هـ a play); to form, constitute (chem.) | مثل به اشنع تمثيل (ašna‘ t.) to make a dreadful example of s.o., punish s.o. with utmost cruelty III to resemble (ه s.o., هـ s.th.), be or look like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ), be similar, bear a likeness (هـ, ه to); to correspond, be analogous (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to compare, liken (ب ه s.o. to) V to make o.s. similar, assimilate o.s. (ب to s.o.); to become similar (ب to), become like s.o. or s.th. (ب ), follow (ب s.o. s.th.), take after s.o. or s.th. (ب ); to take on the shape of s.o. (ب ); to assimilate, absorb (هـ s.th.); to do likewise, imitate, copy (ب s.o., s.th.); to imagine, fancy (ب s.th., with ه and verb; s.o. to do s.th.); to get an idea (هـ of); to give or quote as an example, use as a simile (ب s.th.); to quote, cite (ب a verse); to present itself, be represented, be visible, find visual expression (في in); to embody, personify, (im)personate, typify (هـ s.th.); to stand erect, appear (بين يديه baina yadaihi before s.o.) VI to resemble each other, be alike, go together, agree, match; to recover (من from) | الى الشفاء or تماثل للشفاء (šifā’) to be on the way to recovery VIII to take as a model or an example, imitate, copy, follow (هـ s.th.); to submit, subject o.s. (ل to s.o., to s.th.); to obey (هـ an order)

مثل mitl pl. امثال amtāl s.th. similar, s.th. of the same kind; resemblance, similarity, similitude, likeness; image; equivalent; (with foll. genit. or suffix) s.o. like ..., one like ...; s.th. like ...; مثل mitla (prep.) and كمثل ka-mitli similar to, like, just as; one like; s.th. like; the same as; (just) as much as | هم مثله hum mitluhū they are like him, they are of his kind; بالمثل in the same manner, likewise, equally, also, too; مثل ما mitla mā just as, as well as; بمثل ما bi-mitl mā in the same manner as; اجر المثل ajr al-m. adequate payment or wages; عامله بالمثل (‘āmalahū) to repay s.o. like for like, treat s.o. in like manner; مبدأ المعاملة بالمثل (mabda’ al-mu‘āmala) principle of reciprocity; مقابلة المثل بالمثل (muqābalat al-m.) retaliation, reprisal; امثاله amtāluhū people like him, people of his kind; امثال ابي بكر people like Abū Bakr; الى ثلاثة امثاله up to three times as much

مثلما mitlamā (conj.) as

مثلي mitlī replaceable; fungible (Isl. Law)

مثلى mutlā see امثل amtal

مثل matal pl. امثال amtāl likeness; metaphor, simile, parable; proverb, adage; example; lesson, similar case; ideal, model; مثلا matalan for example, for instance, e.g. | مثل كمثل he is comparable to ..., he is like ...; مثل اعلى (asmā) or مثل اعلى (a‘lā) ideal; ضرب الأمثال see ضرب; الأمثال السائرة proverbs; على رأي المثل (ra’yi l-m.) as the proverb says

مثال mitāl pl. امثلة amtila, مثل mutul s.th. equal; s.th. similar; simile, parable, allegory; example; pattern, standard; exemplary punishment; model; image, picture | على مثال in the manner of ...; after the pattern or model of ...; مثال اعلى (a‘lā) pl. مثل عليا (‘ulyā) ideal; مثل عالية (‘āliya) ideals

مثالي mitālī parabolic; allegoric; typical, representative; model; exemplary; ideal | مثال النزعة m. n-naz‘a idealist

مثال mattāl pl. -ūn sculptor

مثالة exemplariness, perfection, superiority; (pl. -āt, مثائل matā’il2) lesson, task, assignment

مثيل matīl pl. مثل mutul like, similar, analogous; equal, match | مثيله f. مثيلتها of his (its) kind, of her kind; لا مثيل له (matīla), ليس له مثيل, لم يسبق له مثيل (yasbiq) incomparable, matchless, unrivaled, unparalleled

مثول mutūl standing erect; appearance; presentation; audience

امثولة umtūla pl. -āt, اماثيل amātīl2 example; deterrent example, warning, lesson; proverb; assignment, lesson

امثل amtal2, f. مثلى mutlā, pl. اماثل amātil2 closer to perfection, coming nearer the ideal; ideal; model, exemplary, perfect | السبيل المثلى ل the ideal way to ...

تمثال timtāl pl. تماثيل tamātīl2 sculptured image; statue | تمثال نصفي (niṣfī) bust

تمثيل tamtīl pl. تماثيل tamātīl2 quotation of examples, exemplification; likening, comparison; assimilation; portrayal, picturing, depiction, description; representation; diplomatic representation; dramatic representation, acting, playing (of an actor); performance, show; dramatic art; exemplary punishment | تمثيل تجاري (tijārī) commercial agency; تمثيل فلان (in motion-picture announcements) starring so-and-so; بدل التمثيل badal at-t. allowance for representation, allowance for professional expenditure, expense allowance; دار التمثيل theater, playhouse, opera house; فن التمثيل fann at-t. dramatic art, theater; sculpture; على سبيل التمثيل for the purpose of illustration

تمثيلي tamtīlī of or pertaining to the theater or stage, theatrical, histrionic; dramatic | ملعب تمثيلي (mal‘ab) theater, playhouse

تمثيلية tamtīlīya: تمثيلية غنائية (ginā’īya) opera

مماثلة mumātala resemblance, similarity, similitude, likeness, correspondence; analogy; exact equivalence (Isl. Law)

تمثل tamattul assimilation (biol.)

تماثل tamātul matching, agreement, correspondence, resemblance, similarity, similitude, likeness, recovery, convalescence

امتثال imtitāl obedience, compliance, consent

ماثل mātil standing, standing forth; placed, set down; displayed, on display; emerging, arising, cropping up, appearing, presenting itself | ماثل امام عينيه (amāma ‘ainaihi) present before s.o.’s eyes; ماثل للعيان (li-l-‘iyān) visible, conspicuous, evident, obvious; ماثل في حضرته (ḥaḍratihī) in front of s.o., in s.o.’s presence

ماثلة mātila lamp, chandelier

ممثل mumattil representing, representative, representational; -- (pl. -ūn) representative (also, e.g., diplomatic), deputy, agent; performer, player, stage player, actor; comedian | ممثل تجاري (tijārī) commercial agent

ممثلة mumattlila pl. -āt actress

ممثلية mumattilīya representation, agency | ممثلية سياسية (siyāsīya) diplomatic representation

ممثل mumattal depicted, portrayed; represented; assimilated (biol.)

مماثل mumātil resembling, similar, like, comparable; corresponding, analogous

متماثل mutamātil resembling each other, similar, of the same kind, homogeneous; mutually corresponding, homologous; identical; assimilating, assimilative

ممتثل mumtatil obedient, submissive, compliant

مثانة matāna pl. -āt (urinary) bladder

مج majja u (mail) to spit out, disgorge, eject, emit, discharge (هـ s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard (هـ s.th.) II to become ripe, ripen, mellow

مجاج mujāj and مجاجة mujāja spittle, saliva; juice

مجد majada u (majd) and majuda u (مجادة majāda) to be glorious, illustrious, exalted II and IV to praise, extol, laud, glorify, celebrate V to be extolled, be glorified, be lauded, be praised; to bout, glory

مجد majd pl. امجاد amjād glory; splendor, magnificence, grandeur; nobility, honor, distinction

مجدي majdī laudable, praiseworthy, glorious

مجيد majīd glorious, illustrious; celebrated, famous; glorified. exalted; praiseworthy, laudable, admirable, excellent, splendid; noble | الكتاب المجيد the Koran

مجيدي majīdī medjidie, a Turkish silver coin of 20 piasters coined under Sultan Abdul-Medjid; (of money) Turkish

امجاد amjād (pl. of مجيد ) people of rank, distinguished people

امجد amjad2 pl. اماجد amājid2 more glorious, more illustrious; more distinguished

تمجيد tamjīd praise, glorification, exaltation, idolization

1 مجر majara u (majr) to be thirsty, feel thirsty, to thirst

مجر majr numerous (army)

ماجور mājūr pl. مواجير mawājīr2 (eg.) round earthen trough or tub used for making dough; tall, bulging earthen vessel with a wide mouth

2 المجر al-majar the Hungarians; Hungary

مجري majarī Hungarian

3 مجر majar a small weight 18 قيراط = 3.61 g (Eg.)

ماجريات see جرى

مجريط majrīṭ2 Madrid

مجوس look up alphabetically

مجلة majla pl. مجال mijāl, (coll.) مجل majl blister; see also under جل jalla

ماجل mājil pl. مواجل mawājil2 (tun.) cistern

ممجمج mumajmaj indistinct, scribbled, illegible

1 مجن majana u (mujn, مجون mujūn, مجانة majāna) to joke, jest; to scoff, mock, jeer III to jeer, scoff, gibe (ه s.o.), mock, poke fun (ه at s.o.), joke, jest (ه with s.o.), make fun (ه of s.o.), play wild jokes (ه on s.o.) V to make insolent jokes VI to mock at each other

مجانة majāna buffoonery, clowning; (pl. -āt prank; antic

مجان majjān, impudent, insolent, unrestrained, wanton, shameless; jester; prankster, wag, buffoon; free, free or charge, gratuitous; مجانا majjānan or بالمجان bi-l-majān free of charge, for nothing, gratis

مجاني majjānī free, free of charges, gratuitous

مجانية majjānīya gratuitousness, exemption from fees, remission of fees

مجون mujūn buffoonery, clowning; shamelessness, impudence

مجوني mujūnī brazen sarcast, cynic

ماجن mājin pl. مجان mujjān impudent, shameless, brazen, insolent, saucy; joker, jester, wag, buffoon

2 ماجن mājin pl. مواجن mawājin2 (= ماجل ) (tun.) cistern

مجنيزيوم magnīzīyom magnesium

مجوس majūs Magi, adherents of Mazdaism

مجوسي majūsī Magian; Magus, adherent of Mazdaism

مجوسية majūsīyya Mazdaism

مح maḥḥ worn off, threadbare, shabby

مح muḥḥ the best, choicest part, pith, gist, quintessence; egg yolk

محص maḥaṣa a (maḥṣ) to render clear, clarify, purify (هـ s.th.) II do.; to rectify, put right (هـ s.th.); to put to the test (هـ s.th.); to test, examine closely (هـ s.th.) IV to reappear, re-emerge, come out again V do.; to be clarified. be purified VII to he clarified, he purified

محيص maḥīṣ shiny, flashing (sword)

تمحيس tamḥīṣ pl. -āt clarification; testing, thorough examination

محض maḥaḍa a (maḥḍ) to he sincere (هـ ه toward s.o. in), show or manifest sincerely (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.; e.g., love, affection); -- maḥuḍa u (محوضة muḥūḍa) to be of pure descent; to be pure, genuine, unmixed, unadulterated IV to be sincere (هـ ه toward s.o. in) V to devote o.s. exclusively (ل to s.th.), he solely dedicated (ل to s.th.)

محض maḥḍ of pure descent, pureblood; pure, unmixed, unadulterated; genuine; sheer, downright, outright (e.g., lie, nonsense, etc.); محضا maḥḍan only, merely, exclusively, solely | بمحض اختياره bi-maḥḍi kt. entirely of his own accord; لمحض صالحها li-maḥḍi ṣāliḥihā solely in her own interest, only for her own good

امحوضة umḥūḍa sincere advice

محق maḥaqa a (maḥq) to efface, blot out, strike out, erase (هـ s.th.); to eradicate, exterminate, annihilate, destroy (هـ s.th.) IV to wane, become invisible (moon); to perish V, VII (انمحق or امحق immaḥaqa) and VIII to be or become effaced; to be annihilated, be destroyed, perish

محق maḥq effacement, obliteration; eradication, extermination, annihilation, destruction

محاق maḥāq, muḥāq, miḥāq waning of the moon

محك maḥuka a (maḥk) and maḥika a (maḥak) to be quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous, quarrel, wrangle, bicker; to dispute stubbornly III to pick a quarrel, quarrel, wrangle, have an argument (ه with s.o.) IV and V = I

محك maḥik quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous, disputatious, bickering; quarrelsome person, bickerer; wrangler

مماحكة mumaḥaka quarrelsomeness, disputatiousness, petulance; quarrel, row, wrangle, dispute; (pl. -āt) chicanery; bickering, wrangling

ماحك māḥik and مماحك mumāḥik quarrelsome, contentious, cantankerous, disputatious; quarrelsome person, bickerer, wrangler

محل maḥala a, maḥila a (maḥl, محول muḥūl) and maḥula u (محالة maḥāla) to be barren (land, year); -- maḥāla, maḥila a and maḥula u (محال miḥāl) to plot, scheme, intrigue (ب against s.o.) IV to be barren and arid; to render barren (هـ the soil); to be overdue, be withheld, fail to set in (rains) V to seek to attain by cunning or through intrigues (هـ s.th.), strive cunningly (هـ for); to seek a pretext; to propagandize or advertise (ل s.th.) artfully or with unfair means) | تمحل العذر (‘udr) to use a pretext, make an excuse

محل maḥl barrenness, aridity, drought; dearth, famine; cunning, craft, deceit; (see also under حل ḥalla)

محالة maḥāla pl. محال maḥāl pulley, block and tackle; (see also حول )

محال muḥāl slyness, cunning, craft, insidiousness

ماحل māḥil barren, sterile; bare, bleak

ممحل mumḥil barren, sterile

محن maḥana a (maḥn) and VIII to try, try out, test, put to the test, subject to a test (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to afflict, subject to a trial or trials (ه s.o.); to examine (ه s.o.)

محنة miḥna pl. محن miḥan severe trial, ordeal, tribulation; affliction; hardship, distress, suffering, misfortune

امتحان imtiḥān pl. -āt test, experiment; examination | امتحان الدخول entrance examination; امتحان نهائي (nihā’ī) final examination

ممتحن mumtaḥin tester; examiner

ممتحن mumtaḥan examined; tried, tested; examinee, candidate

محا (محو ) maḥā u (maḥw) to wipe off, rub out, scratch out, erase, strike out (هـ s.th.); to efface, obliterate, blot out (هـ s.th.); to wipe out, eradicate, exterminate, extinguish (هـ s.th.); to eliminate, abolish (هـ s.th.) | لا يمحى lā yumḥā ineffaceable, indelible II to wipe out, extinguish, exterminate, extirpate (هـ s.th.) V, VII (انمحى and امحى immaḥā) and VIII to be effaؤ ed, obliterated, extinguished, wiped out, exterminated; to disappear, vanish

محو maḥw effacement, obliteration, blotting out; erasure, deletion; elimination; abolition, abolishment, annulment

O ممحاة mimḥāh and محاية maḥḥāya eraser

امحاء immiḥā’ extinction, extermination, extirpation

ماحية māḥiya eraser

مخ mukk pl. مخاخ mikāk, مخاخة mikāka brain; marrow, medulla; core, essence; purest and choicest part

مخي mukkī brain- (in compounds), cerebral

المخا al-mukā Mocha (seaport in SW Yemen)

1 مخر makara a (makr, مخور mukūr) to plow; to move, out, shear, cleave (هـ through s.th.); (of a ship) to plow, traverse (هـ the sea)

ماخر mākir plowing the sea (ship)

ماخرة mākira pl. مواخر mawākr2 ship

2 ماخور mākūr pl. مواخير mawākīr brothel

مخق makraqa to brag, tell fibs; to swindle, cheat

مخض makaḍa a u i (makḍ) to chum (هـ milk); to shake violently (هـ s.th.); -- makiḍa a (مخاض makāḍ, mikāḍ) to be parturient, be in labor V = I makiḍa; to bear, produce, bring forth, effect, bring about (عن s.th.); to be churned (milk)

مخاض makāḍ labor pains

مخيض makīḍ buttermilk

مخاضة makkāḍa and ممخضة mimkaḍa pl. مماخض mamākiḍ churn

مخط makaṭa a u (makṭ, مخوط mukūṭ) and V to blow one’s nose

مخاط mukāṭ nasal mucus, snot | مخاط الشمس m. aš-šams and مخاط الشيطان m. aš-šaiṭā gossamer

مخاطي mukāṭī snotty; mucous; slimy, ropy

مخيط mukaiṭ (eg.) sebésten (Cordia myxa L.; bot.)

مخطر II tamakṭara to walk with a graceful, swinging gait

1 مخل mukl pl. امخال amkāl, مخول mukūl lever, pinch bar, crowbar

2 مخلة mikla (= مخلاة ) pl. مخل mikal, مخالي makālī nosebag

مخمض makmaḍa to rinse the mouth

مد madda u (madd) to extend, distend, expand, dilate (هـ s.th.); to stretch, stretch out (هـ s.th.), crane (هـ the neck); to draw out, protract (هـ s.th.); to spread out (هـ s.th.); to layout (هـ s.th.), lay (هـ tracks, pipeline); to spread (هـ a net); to lengthen, elongate, prolong (هـ s.th.); to grant a respite or delay; to rise (flood, river); to help, aid, assist (ه s.o.), support (ب ه s.o. by or with), supply, provide (ب ه s.o. with); to reinforce (هـ an army); to fertilize, manure (هـ the soil) | مد عمره (‘umrahū) to prolong s.o.’s life (of God); مد البصر الى (baṣara) to turn one’s eyes, direct one’s glance to; مد جذرا في الأرض (jidran, arḍ) to strike roots (tree); مد الحبالة له to lay a snare for s.o.; مد رجله بقدر كسائه (rijlahū bi-qadri kisā’ihī) to cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth, make the beet of it, adjust o.s. to the circumstances; مد رجليه بقدر لحافه (rijlaihi bi-gadri likāfihī) do.; مد سمعه (sam‘ahū) to prick up one’s ears; مد المائدة to set the table; مد في المشي (mašy) to take long strides; مد المواسير to lay pipe; مد اليه يده (yadahū) to extend one’s hand to s.o. II to extend, distend, expand, dilate (هـ s.th.); to stretch out (هـ s.th.); to spread, spread out (هـ s.th.); to lengthen, elongate, protract, prolong (هـ s.th.); to discharge pus, suppurate, fester III to delay, defer, procrastinate; to put off from day to day (ه s.o.) IV to help, aid, assist (ه s.o.), support (ب ه s.o. with), provide, supply, furnish (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with); to lend, impart (ب ه to s.th. s.th.); to reinforce (. an army); to postpone, delay, grant a respite; to suppurate, fester | امد بأجله (bi-ajalihī) to grant s.o. another respite in this life (of God) V to be spread, spread out, extended, stretched out; to extend, stretch, spread; to lengthen, expend, distend, dilate; to stretch o.s., stretch out, sprawl (on a bed, end the like) VIII to be extended, distended, stretched; to be laid (wires, pipeline); to extend or reach (الى to s.th.), stretch, spread (الى to s.th., over a distance); to lengthen, become drawn out, become protracted or prolonged; to be long; to develop, grow (الى into) X to take, get, draw, derive, borrow (من هـ s.th. from), provide o.s. with (هـ ); to ask for help (ه s.o.)

مد madd pl. مدود mudūd extension; distension, dilation, expansion; stretching; spreading; lengthening, elongation, prolongation, protraction; drawing out of the voice over long vowels (in Koran recitation); rising, rise (of water, of the flood); supply (ب with) | مد البصر m. al-baṣar range of vision; madda l-b. as far as the eye can see; مد النظر m. an-naẓar farsightedness, foresight; حروف المد the “literae productionis” ا و ي (gram.)

مدة madda sign over alif (آ ) denoting initial long a (’ā)

مد mudd pl. امداد amdād, مداد midād mudd, a dry measure (Pal. = 18 l, Tangier = 46.6 l)

مدة midda pus, purulent matter

مدة mudda pl. مدد mudad period (of time), space of time, interval; while; duration; limited or appointed time, term; مدة muddata within, in the course of, during | في مدة within, in the course of, during; مدة من الزمان (zaman) period (of time), space of time, interval, while; muddatan min az-z. for a while, for some time

مدد madad pl. امداد amdād help, aid, assistance, support, backing, reinforcement; pl. resources; auxiliaries

مداد midād ink; lamp oil; fertilizer, manure, dung; pattern, style | سجله بمداد الفخر sajjalahū bi-m. il-fakr to inscribe s.th. with golden letters; على مداد واحد after the same pattern

مديد madīd pl. مدد mudud extended, outstretched, stretched, elongated; long, prolonged, protracted; tall, big; slender, high, towering; المديد name of a poetical meter | زمان مديد (zamān) or مدة مديدة (muda) long time; عمر مديد (‘umr) greet age; مديد البصر m. al-baṣar farsighted, farseeing

مداد maddād a creeping plant

امدة amidda warp of a fabric

تمديد tamdīd pl. -āt lengthening, elongation, prolongation, extension

امداد imdād help, aid, assistance, support, sustentation, maintenance, provisioning; supply (mil.); pl. -āt auxiliaries, reinforcements, supplies

تمدد tamaddud extension, spreading, expansion; stretching, distention, dilation, dilatation, widening

امتداد imtidād stretching, stretch, extension, extensity; extensibility, dispensability; expansibility; widening, distention, dilation, dilatation, lengthening, elongation, prolongation; expanse; length; size, extent, spread, compass, range, scope | على امتداد along, alongside of

استمداد istimdād procurement of support, bringing up of reinforcements; supply (mil.)

ماد mādd stretching, expanding, extending, spreading; trailing, creeping (plant)

مادة mādda pl. مواد mawādd2 stuff, matter; material possession; substance; material; component, constituent, ingredient; fundamental constituent, radical, chemical element, base; subject, theme, topic; school subject, field of study; discipline, subject matter, curricular subject; article, paragraph (e.g., of a law, treaty or contract); stipulation, contractual term j pl. material, materials; agents, elements | مادة اصلية (aṣlīya) root of a word; مواد اولية (awwalīya) primary elements; raw materials; مواد تجارية (tijārīya) articles of commerce, commodities; مواد التجميل cosmetics; مواد جنائية (jinā’īya) criminal cases (jur.); مواد حربية (ḥarbīya) war material; مواد خام raw materials; مواد الصباغة dyestuffs, dyes; مواد صلبة (ṣulba) solid constituents, solids (e.g., of milk); O مواد مصنوعة manufactured goods, ready-made goods; O مواد التطيب medicaments, drugs; مواد الإعاشة m. al-i‘āša, مواد المعيش m. al-ma‘īš food-stuffs, food; مواد غذائية (gidā’īya) foodstuffs, victuals, food, nutritive substances; fodder; مواد اللغة m. al-luga vocabulary of a language; O مواد مضادة للحيويات (muḍādda li-l-ḥayawīyāt antibiotics; مواد ملتهبة (multahiba) combustible materials, inflammable matter; fuel; مواد مدنية (madanīya) civil cases (jur.); مواد النسيج textiles

مادي māddī material; corporeal, physical; materialistic; (pl. -ūn) materialist; objective (as opposed to شخصي )

مادية māddīya materialism | الماديات والمعنويات (ma‘nawīyāt) material and ideal things

ممدود mamdūd extended; outstretched; elongated; prolonged, protracted, drawn out; extensive, great, large; provided with madda (gram.)

ممدد mumaddad spread, outspread, outstretched; stretched out, sprawling, lying; extended, elongated, long

ممتد mumtadd extended, outstretched; spread, outspread, laid out; extending, stretching, spreading; extensive, wide, large, comprehensive

مستمد mustamadd taken, derived (من from)

مداليه madāliya pl. مداليات madāliyāt medal

مداليون madaliyōn medallion, locket, pendant

مدح madaḥa a (madḥ, مدحة midḥa) to praise, commend, laud, extol (ه s.o.); to eulogize, celebrate in poems (هه s.o.) II do. V to be commended, be praised, be lauded; to boast (ب of s.th.), glory (ب in), pride o.s. (ب on), be proud (ب of) VIII = I

مدح madḥ commendation, laudation, praise; extolment, glorification; panegyrical litsrature; acclaim | المدح في الله the glorification of God

مديح madīḥ pl. مدائح madā’iḥ2 praise, laudation, commendation; panegyrical poem, panegyric; eulogy, encomium, tribute

امدوحة umdūḥa pl. اماديح amādīḥ2 praise, laudation, commendation; panegyrical poem; eulogy, encomium, tribute

تمدح tamadduḥ extolment, glorification; self-praise, vainglory, ostentation, swaggering

مادح mādiḥ and مداح maddāḥ panegyrist, encomiast, eulogist

1 مدر madar (coll.; n. un. ة ) clods of earth or mud, loam, clay | اهل الوبر والمدر ahl al-wabar wa-l-m. the tent-dwellers and the city-dwellers, the nomads and the sedentary population

مدن madara clod of earth or mud; small hump of the ground

2 مدراء mudarā’2 pl. of مدير mudir, see دور

مدراس madrās2 Madras (state and city in S India)

مدريد madrīd2 Madrid

مدلن (Engl.) midlin middling, of medium quality (com.)

مدن II to found or build cities; to civilize, urbanize, humanize, refine V تمدن tamaddana to be or become civilized; تمدين tamadyana do.; to enjoy the comforts; of civilization, the amenities of life

مدينة madīna pl. مدن mudun, مدائن madā’in2 town, city | مدينة النبي or المدينة (usually followed by the epithet المنورة al-munawwara) Medina (city in W Saudi Arabia); مدينة السلام m. as-salām Baghdad (capital of Iraq); مدينة الكاب Cape Town; المدن الكبرى (kubrā) the big cities

مدني madanī urban, urbanized, city-dwelling, town-dwelling; civilized, refined, polished; civilian (as opposed to military), civil, civic; secular; town dweller, townsman, city dweller, urbanite, citizen, civilian; of Medina, Medinan (adj. and n.) | دعوى مدنية (da‘wā) civil action, civil suit, civil proceeding (jur.); الطيران المدني (ṭayarān) civil aeronautics; قانون مدني civil law

مدنية madanīya civilization

تمدين tamdīn civilizing, civilization, advancement in social culture, humanization, refining, raising of moral standards

تمديني tamdīnī civilizing, civilizatory, civilizational

تمدن tamaddun and تمدين tamadyun civilization; refinement of social culture

تمدني tamaddunī civilized

متمدن mutamaddin civilized; sophisticated, refined, educated

متمدين mutamadyin civilized, provided with the comforts of civilization

مدى III to grant a respite or delay (ه to s.o.) IV do. VI to persist, persevere (في or ب or على in), keep, stick, adhere (في or ب or على to); to continue (في s.th.), keep or go on (في doing s.th.); to go far, go to extremes (في in); to continue, last, draw out

مدى madan extension, expanse, stretch, spread, compass, range, scope, space, latitude, reach; distance, interval, interspace; extent, degree, measure, scale, proportion; utmost point, extreme, limit; space of time, duration, period; (prep.) مدى mad4 for the duration of, during, in a (given) period of, in the course of | مدى البصر m. l-baṣar range or field of vision, visual range; مدى الحياة m. l-ḥayāh lifetime; for life; المدى الحيوي (ḥayawī) lebensraum; مدى الدوران m. d-dawarān continually, constantly, perpetually; مدى الصوت m. ṣ-ṣaut roach of the voice, calling distance; مدى العمر m. l-‘umr lifetime; مدى m. l-ayyām throughout the days, continually; الى مدى بعيد at a great distance; على مدى عشر امتار (‘ašri amtār) at a distance of 10 meters; بعيد المدى far-reaching, مدفع بعيد المدى (midfa‘) long-range gun; في المدى الأخير after all, when all’s said and done, in the last analysis

مدية madya, mudya, midya pl. مدى mudan, midan, مديات mudyāt, mudayāt butcher’s knife; knife

مدوي madawī, mudawī, midawī cutler

تماد tamādin: مع التمادي, مع طول التمادي in the long run

مديل (Fr. modèle) modēl pl. -āt model

مدين II tamadyana see مدن

مذ mud since (= منذ mundu)

مذر madira a (madar) to be addle (egg), become rotten II to scatter, disperse, spread or sprinkle about (هـ s.th.) V = I

شذر مذر šadara madara scattered here and there

مذر madir spoiled, rotten, putrid

مذق madaqa u (madq) to mix with water, dilute

مذق madq watered wine

مذيق madīq diluted, mixed with water, watered, watery

مذاق madāq and مماذق mumādaq insincere, hypocritical

مذل madila a (madl, مذال madāl) to reveal, disclooe (ب s.th. secret)

مذهب II tamadhaba see ذهب

1 مر marra u (marr, مرور murūr, ممر mamarr) to pass (ب or على s.o., s.th. or by s.o., by s.th.), go, walk, saunter, or stroll by or past (ب, على ); to march past s.o. (امام ), pass in review (امام before s.o.; mil.); to pass, elapse, go by, run out (time); to come, go, walk, or pass along s.th. (ب or على ), skirt (ب or على s.th.); to pass, go, walk, move, march, travel (ب or من or على through), cross, traverse (من a place, a country, a room); to flow through, run through; to fly through; to lead, run, out (في through an area; border), pass (في over), cross (في an area); to go or pass (ب through a stage or phase), undergo (ب a state or phase); to cross (على a border, s. line, mountains, etc.); to fly (فوق over an area; airplane); to depart, go away, leave; to continue (يفعل to do s.th.), keep, or go on, doing s.th. | مر ذكره (dikruhū) it has been discussed, it has been mentioned above; كما مر بنا as it has passed before us, as we have already mentioned; مر بالامتحان to pass the examination; مر بسلام (bi-salām) to turn out well, go off without mishap; مر عليه ببصره (bi-baṣarihī) to scan s.th., peruse s.th. hastily; مر مر البرق (marra l-barq) to pass swiftly, flash past, flit past; مر مر الكرام (marra l-k.) to pass as if nothing had happened, brush past; مر به (عليه) مر الكرام to overlook s.th. generously, pass over s.th. with dignity, treat s.th. with disdain II to let pass (هـ s.th.); to convey, carry or take through (هـ s.th.); to pass (هـ the ball, in soccer) | مرر سفينة في القناة (qanāh) to pass or take a ship through the canal IV to let (ه s.o.) go by or past s.o. or s.th. (على or ب ); to let (ه s.o.) pass (على or ب s.th.); to make (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) go through s.th. (على or ب ), lead, take or send (ه s.o.) through (على or ب ), pass,stick (على or ب هـ s.th. through); to insert (على or ب هـ s.th. in) | امر نظره على (naẓarahū) to pass one’s glance over, let one’s eyes wander over X to last, endure, continue, go on; to remain, stay; to continue (على or في s.th., يفعل to do s.th.), persist, persevere (على or في in s.th.), keep (على or في to s.th., يفعل doing s.th.), go on (يفعل doing s.th.), stick, adhere (على or في to s.th.)

مر marr passing, going by; passage, transit; transition; crossing; progression, process, lapse, course (of time); iron shovel, spade; rope | على مر الزمان (m. iz-zamān) in the course of time

مرة marra pl. -āt, مرار mirār time, turn; مرة marratan once; مرتين marrataini twice; ماتة marrātin repeatedly; several times, quite often; مرارا mirāran several times, more than once, quite often; at times, now and then, occasionally, sometimes | مرة ما marratan mā or ذات مرة dāta marratin once, one time, one day; مرة اخرى marratan ukrā or مرة جديدة (jadīdatan) once again, once more, anew, مرة بعد مرة or مرة عن مرة time and again, again and again; المرة تلو المرة (tilwa) time after time, time and again; مرة واحدة (wāḥidatan) at once, at one time; eventually, finally, at last; اكثر من مرة (aktara) more than once, several times; بالمرة at all, absolutely, entirely; (with neg.) not at all, never, by no means; غير مرة gaira marratin or غير ما مرة repeatedly, several times, more than once; كم مرة kam marratan how often? how many times? للمرة السادسة for the sixth times; لآخر مرة li-ākiri marratin or للمرة الأخيرة for the time; لأول مرة li-awali marratin for the first time; مرارا عديدة (‘adīdatan) frequently, often; مرارا وتكرارا (wa-takrāan) time and again, again and again

مرور murūr passing; parade, march past (امام ); passage, march, journey, or trip through (ب, من, على ), transit; flowing through, flow; crossing, traversal; flying over (فوق ); uninterrupted sequence; traffic (street, tourist, shipping); progression, process, course, lapse (of time); (eg.) inspection | مرور الزمان m. az-zamān expiration of the deadline; تذكرة المرور tadkirat al-m. permit, pass, laissez-passer; passport; حركة المرور ḥarakat al-m. through traffic; شرطة المرور šurṭat al-m traffic police, highway patrol; نظام المرور traffic regulations

ممر mamarr passing, going by; elapsing; lapse, expiration (of time); transition; crossing; access, approach; (pl. -āt) aisle, passage, passageway, corridor; ford; (mountain) pass | ممر سفلي (suflī) underpass; على ممر العصور in the course of centuries

امرار imrār passing through, insertion

استمرار istimrār duration, permanence, continuity, continuance, continuation, continued existence, survival; persistence | باستمرار continually, constantly; دواما واستمرارا (dawāman) constantly, continuously, incessantly, without interruption; قوة الاستمرار qūwat al-ist. inertia, vis inertiae

مار mārr passing; going, walking, riding, etc., past or by; (pl. -ūn, مارة mārra) passer-by, pedestrian, walker, stroller | المار ذكره (dikruhū) the above-mentioned, what has already been discussed

مستمر mustamirr lasting, permanent, enduring, constant, continual, uninterrupted, unceasing, incessant; continuous, unbroken | تيار مستمر (tayyār) direct current (el.); موجات مستمرة (maujāt) continuous waves (phys.)

2 مر marra u a (مرارة marāra) to be or become bitter II to make bitter, embitter (هـ s.th.) IV to be or become bitter; to make bitter (هـ s.th.) VI to fight, contend, dispute (with each other) X to think bitter, find bitter (هـ s.th.)

مر murr pl. امرار amrār bitter; severe; sharp; painful; bitterness; myrrh | مر الصحاري m. aṣ-ṣaḥārī colocynth (bot.)

مرة mirra pl. مرر mirar gall. bile; (pl. امرار amrār) strength, power

مرارة marāra pl. مرائر marā’ir2 bitterness; gall, gall bladder; innermost, heart | انشقت مرارته غيظا (inšaqqat, gaiẓan) he burst with anger

مرير marīr pl. مرائر marā’ir2 strong, firm, stubborn, tenacious, dogged, persistent, deep-seated, deep, profound (esp., of feelings)

مريرة marīra pl. مرائر marā’ir2 firmness; detention, resoluteness; vigor, energy, tenacity, doggedness; steadiness, constancy

امر amarr2 firmer, stronger; bitterer | الأمران the two bitter things (i.e., poverty and old age); قاسى الأمرين qāsā l-amarrain to go through the worst, be exposed to greatest hardships

ممرور mamrūr bilious; foolish, crazy; fool

مرأ mara’a, مرئ mari’a a and مرؤ maru’a u (مراءة marā’a) to be wholesome, healthful, palatable (food); -- مرؤ maru’a u (مروءة murū’a) to be manly; -- مرؤ maru’a u (مراءة marā’a) to be healthy and salubrious (climate) X to find wholesome and tasty (هـ food); to enjoy, savor, relish (هـ s.th.); to be able to digest (هـ s.th.; also fig.); to take to s.th. (هـ ), take a liking (ب to), derive pleasure (هـ from)

امرء , امرأ imra’ and امرؤ imru’ (with definite article المرء al-mar’) a man; person, human being; المرء frequently for Engl. “one”, as يظن المرء (yaẓunnu) one would think

امرأة imra’a (with def. article المرأة al-mar’a) pl. see نسو , woman, wife | المرأة المسلسلة (musalsala) Andromeda (astron.)

مروءة murū’a and مروة murūwa the ideal of manhood, comprising all knightly virtues, esp., manliness, valor, chivalry, generosity, sense of honor

مريء marī’ manly, virile; healthful, salubrious, healthy, wholesome | هنيئا مريئا (hanī’an) approx.: may it do you much good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e, food)!

مريء marī’ pl. امرئة amri’a, مروء murū’ esophagus, gullet

مراكش marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in W Morocco); Morocco

مراكشي marrākušī, marrākišī Moroccan (adj. and n.)

مرث marata u (mart) to suck, bite (هـ one’s fingers); to soften, crush, squash, mash (هـ s.th.); to macerate, soak (in water; هـ s.th.)

1 مرج marj pl. مروج murūj grass-covered steppe; pasture land; meadow

هرج ومروج harj wa-marj confusion, jumble, tumult, hubbub

مرج maraj disorder, confusion, jumble

2 مرجان marjān, murjān (coll.; n. un. ة ) small pearls; corals | سمك مرج samak m. goldfish

مرجاني marjānī coralline, coral, coralli- (in compounds), corallike, coral-red | جزيرة مرجانية atoll; شعاب مرجانية coral reefs

مرجح marjaḥa to rock II tamarjaḥa to swing back and forth, pendulate, dangle; to be in suspense, be pending, be in abeyance

مرح mariḥa a (maraḥ) to be gay, merry, cheerful, in high spirits, hilarious, exuberant, lively; to be glad, happy, delighted; to rejoice, exult | سرح مرح (sariḥa) to do as one likes, proceed arbitrarily

مرح maraḥ joy, cheerfulness, gaiety, glee, mirth, hilarity, merriment, liveliness

مرح mariḥ pl. مرحى marḥā, مراحى marāḥā joyful, gay, happy, merry, cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, exuberant

مراح mirāḥ jollity, hilarity, exuberance

مريح marīḥ joyful, gay, happy, merry, cheerful, lively, romping, hilarious, exuberant

مرحى marḥā well done! bravo! | مرحى ب bravo to ...

ممراح mimrāḥ of cheerful disposition, gay-tempered, blithe; gay, jovial person

مرحب marḥaba to welcome (ه s.o.)

مرخ marak a (mark) to oil, anoint,rub, embrocate (هـ the body) II do. V to rub one’s skin with a liniment, oil o.s., anoint o.s.

مرخ marik soft; slack, flabby, flaccid

مروخ marūk liniment; salve, unguent, ointment

مريخ mirrīk Mars (astron.)

مرد marada u (مرود murūd) and maruda (مرادة marāda, مرود murūda) to be refractory, recalcitrant, rebellious; to revolt, rebel (على against) II to strip (هـ a branch) of its leaves; to plaster, mortar, face (هـ a building) V to be refractory, recalcitrant, to revolt, rebel (على agaist); to be insolent, arrogant, overbearing

مردى murdī pl. مرادى marādīy (punting) pole, boat hook

مراد marād, marrād pl. مراريد marārīd2 nape, neck

مريد ma.rid pl. مرداء muradā’ refractory, recalcitrant, rebellious

تمراد timrād pl. تماريد tamārīd2 dovecot

امرر amrad2, f. مرداء mardā’2, pl. مرد mard beardless; leafless (tree); dry, withered

تمرد tamarrud refractoriness, recalcitrance, disobedience, insubordination; uprising, insurrection, mutiny, revolt, rebellion

مارد mārid pl. -ūn, مردة marada, مراد murrād refractory, recalcitrant, defiant; rebel, insurgent; demon, evil spirit, devil; giant

متمرد mutamarrid refractory, recalcitrant, disobedient, insubordinate, mutinous, rebellious

مردقوش mardaqūš marjoram

مرزبان marzubān pl. مرازبة marāziba vicegerent, provincial governor, satrap (in ancient Persia)

مرزجوش marzajūš, مرزنجوش marzanjūš مردقوش

مرس marasa u (mars) to soak (in water), macerate (هـ s.th.) III to exercise, pursue, practice (هـ s.th., esp., a profession); (intr.) to practice, have or operate a practice; to carry out, execute (ب an action); to apply o.s. (0 to s.th.), go in for (هـ ); to try V to rub o.s. (ب with, against); to have trouble, be at odds (ب with); to exercise (ب an office), pursue, practice (ب a profession); to work (ب with), be in practical contact, have actually to do (ب with s.th.); to have to cope or struggle (ب with s.th.) VI to fight, struggle, contend with each other

مرس mars game which is won by getting all the tricks

مرس maris pl. امراس amrās seasoned, practiced, experienced, veteran

مرسة marasa pl. امراس amrās rope, cord, line; cable, hawser

مراس mirās and مراسة marāsa strength, power | سهل المراس sahl al-m. tractable, manageable, docile, compliant; شديد المراس or صعب المراس (ṣa’b al-m. intractable, unruly, refractory; صعوبة المراس intractability, unruliness, refractoriness, recalcitrance

مريسة marīsa a kind of beer

مريسي marīsī hot south wind (eg.)

ممارسة mumārasa pursuit, exercise, practicing (of a profession); execution, implementation; practical application; practice; experience, routine; negotiation

تمرس tamarrus practicing, practice (ب of an activity, of a profession)

مرسيليا marsīliyā Marseille (seaport in SE France)

مرسين marsīn myrtle (myrtus; bot.)

مرش maraša u (marš) to scratch (هـ s.th.)

مرشال maršāl (field) marshal

مرص murṣ Morse (code)

مرض mariḍa a (maraḍ) to be or become lick; to fall ill, be taken ill II to make ill or sick (ه s.o.); to nurse, tend (ه a sick person) IV to make ill or sick (ه s.o.) V to be infirm, ailing, sickly, weak VI to feign illness, malinger

مرض maraḍ pl. امراض amrāḍ disease, malady, ailment; illness, sickness | مرض البياض الدقيقي m. al-bayāḍī ad-daqīqī mildew; مرض عصبي (‘aṣabī) nervous disease, neuropathy; مرض عقلي (‘aqlī) mental disease; مرض فحمي (faḥmī) blight, blast (of grain); مرض فرنجي (firanjī) syphilis; مرض معد (mu‘din) contagious disease; امراض باطنية (bāṭinīya) internal diseases; امراض سرية (sirrīya) venereal diseases; امراض صدرية (ṣadrīya) diseases of the chest, pulmonary diseases

مرض murḍin see رضي

مرضى maraḍī relating to disease, morbid, pathological, patho- (in compounds)

مريض marīḍ pl. مرضى marḍā, مراضى marāḍā sick, ill, ailing; diseased; unwell, indisposed; sick person, patient | مريض نفسي (nafsī) psychopath

ممراض mimrāḍ sickly, in poor health, ailing

تمريض tamrīḍ sick-nursing

ممرض mumarriḍ (male) sick nurse, hospital attendant; ambulance man, first-aid man; doctor’s assistant

ممرضة mumarriḍa sick nurse, nurse (f.)

متمرض mutamarriḍ sickly, in poor health, ailing

مرط marṭa u (marṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck out (هـ hair) II do. V to fall out (hair)

مريط marīṭ and امرط amraṭ, f. مرطاء marṭā’, pl. مرط murṭ hairless

مرع mara‘a a (mar‘) to rub over, anoint (هـ s.th.)

مرع mar‘ pl. امرع amru’, امراع amrā‘ pasture

مرعة mur‘a grease, oil

مريع marī‘ fertile, productive (soil)

ممراع mimrā‘ thriving, flourishing, prosperous (city)

مرغ II to roll (in the dust) (هـ s.th.); to rub over (هـ s.th.); to rub (هـ s.th.) IV to soil, sully, make dirty (هـ s.th.) V to roll, wallow (esp., in the dust); to waver irresolutely

مرغرين margarīn margarine

مرفين murfīn morphine

مرق maraqa u (مروق murūq) to pierce, penetrate (من s.th. or s.o.; esp., of an arrow), go or pass through (من ); to dart, rush, shoot, or fly past, pass swiftly; to hurry away, scamper away; to stray (e.g., of an arrow); to digress, deviate; to renege, renounce (esp. من الدين the true faith) | مرق السهم (sahmu) (lit.: the arrow hal passed through, i.e.) the matter is finished, done with. settled II to sing

مرق maraq and مرقة maraqa broth, bouillon; gravy

مروق murūq straying, deviation; apostasy, defection, desertion, disloyalty

مروقي murūqī (tun.) nickname of professional Koran reciters in Tunis; (tun.) pallbearer

مارق māriq pl. مراق murrāq, مرقة maraqa straying; apostate, renegade, defector, turncoat, deserter; heretic

ممارق mumāriq insolent, impudent

مركز II tamarkaza to concentrate (في on, at, in); to settle, establish o.s. gain a footing, take root; to consolidate one’s position; to gravitate (to)

مركز , مركزية etc., see ركز

مركيز look up alphabetically

تمركز tamarkuz concentration; consolidation (of a position)

مراكش marrākuš2, marrākiš2 Marrakech (city in W Morocco); Morocco

مراكشي marrākišī, marrākišī Moroccan (adj. and n.)

مركيز markīz marquis

مرمتون (Fr. marmiton) marmatōn and مرمطون pl. -āt kitchen boy, scullery boy

1 مرمر marmara to be or become bitter; to become angry II tamarmara to murmur, mumble; to grumble

2 مرمر marmar marble

مرمري marmarī marble (adj.)

مرمط marmaṭa (eg.) to spoil, damage (هـ s.th.)

مرمطون see مرمتون

مرميس mirmīs rhinoceros

1 مرن marana u (مرانة marāna, مرون murūn, مرونة murūna) to be pliant, flexible, ductile, elastic; -- (مرون murūn, مرانة marāna) to be or become accustomed, get used (على to) II to train, drill (ه s.o.); to accustom, condition, season, inure (على ه s.o. to), make (ه s.o.) get used (على to); V to become accustomed, get used (على to); to exercise, practice (على s.th.), train (على in), be practiced, trained, experienced (على in); to be drilled, drill

مرن marin pliant, pliable, flexible, bending; elastic; plastic; supple, limber, lithe; ductile, extensible; yielding, compliant

مرانة marāna and مرونة murūna pliancy, pliability, flexibility; elasticity; ductility; plasticity; agility, nimbleness; resilience

تمرين tamrīn pl. -āt, تمارين tamārīn2 exercise, practice, training; military training, drill; practical experience; expertness, skill; preparatory training, (period of) probation, apprenticeship, traineeship | تمرين ابتدائي (ibtidā’ī) basic training; تمارين جندية jundīya) or تمرينات عسكرية (‘askarīya) military exercises, maneuvers; O تمرين الزيادة coaching, tutoring; extra drill (mil.); تمرينات رياضية (riyāḍīya) gymnastic exercises; تحت التمرين undergoing preparatory training, engaged on probation (official, employee)

مران mirān expertness, skill; exercise, practice, drill, training; habituation, habit; accustomedness; practical experience; routine

تمرن tamarrun exercise, practice, training

ممرن mumarrin trainer, coach; instructor; drill sergeant

ممرن mumarran practiced, seasoned, experienced, trained, skilled (على in); accustomed, used (على to)

متمرن mutamarrin practiced, seasoned, experienced, trained, skilled (على in); accustomed, used (على to); probationer, undergoing probation, probationary

2 ماروني pl. موارنة look up alphabetically

1 مرو marw Merv (present-day Mary, town in Turkmen S.S.R.)

مروي marwī, marawī native of Merv

2 مرو marw (coll.; n. un. ة ) pebble; flint

2 مروة see مروءة

2 مرى III to wrangle, argue, dispute (ه with s.o.; to resist, oppose (ه s.o.); to contest (في s.th.) VIII to doubt (في s.th.)

مرية murya, mirya doubt, quarrel, wrangle, argument, dispute

مراء mirā’ quarrel, wrangle, argument, dispute; doubt | بلا مراء (bi-lā) or لا مراء (mirā’a) incontestable, indisputable, unquestionable, undisputed, uncontested; لا مراء في ان it is an incontrovertible fact that ..., unquestionably …

2 مرايا pl. مرآة see رأى

مريم maryam2 Mary, Maria

مريمية maryamīya sage (bot.)

مز mazza u (mau) to suck

مز muzz sourish, acidulous

مزة mazza pl. -āt and مازة māzza (eg.) relishes, appetizers (taken with drink)

مزج mazaja u (mazj, مزاج mizāj) to mix, mingle, blend (بين different things, ب ه s.th. with) III to form a mixture or compound, be mixed, be blended, mix, mingle, blend, combine (هـ with s.th.); to adapt o.s. (ه to s.o.), humor (ه s.o.) VI to intermix:, intermingle, interblend, be intermixed, be intermingled VIII to be mixed, be mingled, be blended, mix, mingle, blend (ب with)

مزج mazj mixing, blending

مزاج mizāj pl. امزجة amzija mixture, medley, blend; temperament, temper, nature, disposition; frame of mind, mood, humor, vein; physical constitution; condition, (state of) health | مزاج دموي (damawī) sanguine temperament; مزاج سودوي (saudawī) melancholic temperament; مزاج صفراوي (ṣafrāwī) choleric (or bilious) temperament; مزاج بلغمي (balgamī) phlegmatic temperament; المزاج العام (‘āmm) popular taste; مزاج لطيف delicate nature, weakly constitution; محرور المزاج hot-tempered; منحرف المزاج munḥarif al-m. unwell, indisposed, out of sorts; هذا لا يوافق مزاجي (yuwājiqu) this is not to my taste

مزيج mazīj compounded, blended (من of); mixture, medley, blend (من of); combination, compound, alloy

تمازج tamāzuj intermixing, intermingling, interblending. intermixture

امتزاج imlizāj mixture, blend

مزح mazaḥa a (mazḥ) to joke, jest, make fun III to joke, make fun (ه witb s.o.)

مزح mazḥ, مزاح muzāḥ, mizāḥ and مزاحة muzāḥa joking, joke, jest, fun

مزاح mazzāḥ and مازح māziḥ joker, jester, buffoon, wag

مزر mizr a kind of beer

مزع maza‘a a (maz‘) to run, bound, tear along, gallop along; to tear apart (هـ s.th.); to tear, rip (من هـ s.th. off) II to pick, pluck (ه wool or cotton); to tear to pieces (هـ s.th.)

مزعة muz‘a, miz‘a pl. مزع muza‘, miza‘ piece, bit, bite; flock of wool

مزق mazaqa i (mazq) to tear, rend, rip apart (هـ s.th.) II to tear, rend, rip apart (هـ s.th.); to tear up, tear to pieces, shred (هـ s.th.) V to get torn, be rent; to be in shreds, get torn to pieces; to burst open, tear, break, snap

مزق mazq tearing, tearing up, rending; tear, rent, rupture

مزقة mizqa pl. مزق mizaq piece torn off, shred

تمزيق tamzīq tearing, rending, shredding, fragmentation

مزمز mazmaza to sip

مزن muzn (coll.; n. un. ة , pl. مزن muzan) rain clouds

مزية mazīya pl. مزايا mazāya and مازية māziya pl. -āt advantage; privilege, prerogative; excellence, superiority; merit, virtue

مس massa a (mass, مسيس masīs) to feel, finger, handle, palpate (ه s.o., III s.th.); to touch (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to violate (هـ s.th. sacred), infringe (هـ upon); to cohabit (هـ with a woman); to hit, befall (ه s.o.; damage, calamity) | مسه بأذى (bi-adan) or مسه بسوء (bi-sū’in) to harm, wrong, hurt s.o.; مس بسوء الشيء to be injurious, damaging to s.th., hurt, impair, prejudice s.th.; مست الحاجة الى (ḥājatu) circumstances require ..., (it) is necessary, urgently needed; مس لغما (lugman) to hit a mine III to touch (ه s.o.); to be in touch, be in contact (ه with s.o.) VI to touch each other, be in mutual contact

مس mass touching, touch; contact; misfortune, calamity; attack, fit (of a disease) j insanity, madness, frenzy, possession | مس الحمى m. al-ḥummā attack of fever; اصابه مس من الجنون (aṣābahū) he has gone crazy

مسة massa (n. vic.) touch

مساس masās touching, feeling, handling, fingering, palpation; violation (عن of), infringement, encroachments (ب e.g., upon a right); connection, relation, contact | له مساس ب it is connected with ..., it touches upon ..., it concerns; فيما له مساس ب concerning ..., regarding ...

مسيس masīs touching, touch | عند مسيس should the necessity arise, if (or when) necessary; هو في مسيس الحاجة الى he is in urgent need of ...

مماسة mumāssa touching, tangency; adjacency, contiguity; contact

تماس tamāss (mutual) contact

ماس māss tangent; touching, (ب s.th., also fig., upon s.th.); adjacent, adjoining, contiguous; urgent, pressing, important | حاجة ماسة urgent need, exigency; الحاجة ماسة اليه it is urgently needed; ماس كهربائي (kahrabā’) short circuit

ممسوس mamsūs touched; palpable, tangible; mentally deranged, insane

مماس mumāss tangent (math.)

مسترده (It. mostarda) mustarda mustard

مستكه mistika = مصطكاء

مستلة (It. mastello) mastilla pl. -āt tub

2 مسح masaḥa a (masḥ) to stroke with the hand (هـ s.th.); to wipe off, wipe away (هـ s.th.); to rub off (هـ s.th.); to wash, wash off (هـ s.th.); to wipe out, blot out, erase (هـ s.th.); to clean, polish (هـ s.th.); to smooth, smooth with a plane, to plane (هـ s.th.); to rub (ب ه s.o. with); to anoint (ب ه s.o. with); to deprive, dispossess (من ه s.o. of), take away, withdraw (من ه from s.o. s.th.); -- (masḥ, مساحة misāḥa) to survey (هـ land, estate, etc.), make a cadastral survey (هـ of) 0 to wipe off (هـ s.th.); to rub, anoint (ه s.o.); to cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (ه s.o.); to Christianize (ه s.o.) III to cajole, coax, wheedle, persuade (ه s.o.) V to wipe o.s., wash o.s.; to provoke (ب s.o.), pick a quarrel (ب with)

مسح masḥ wiping, wiping off; cleaning; robbing, embrocation; anointing, anointment, (extreme) unction; land survey

مسح misḥ pl. مسوح musūḥ coarse woolen fabric, haircloth, sacking; pl. hair shirt, monastic garb, monk’s frock | لبست المسوح labisat il-musūḥa to take the veil, become a nun

مسحة masḥa (n. vic.) a rubbing, embrocation; anointing, anointment; unction; tinge, shade, air, appearance, veneer (fig.); trace. touch (of s.th.) | مسحة الأرض extreme unction; مسح المريض بالمسحة to administer extreme unction to a sick person

مساح massāḥ land surveyor; bootblack, shoeblack, shoeshine

مساحة misāḥa pl. -āt plane, surface; area; acreage; floor space; surface extent; terrain sector (mil.); surveying, survey; geodesy; cadastre | مساحة الأراضي m. al-arāḍī land surface; area, acreage; مساحة مائية (mā’īya) area of water; مصلحة المساحة maṣlaḥa al-m. survey department, land registry office

مسيح masīḥ pl. مسحاء musaḥā’2, مسحى anointed; wiped, clean, smooth; المسيح the Messiah, Christ

مسيحي masīḥī Christian, Messianic; (pl. -āt) a Christian | الدين المسيحي (dīn) the Christian faith, Christianity

المسيحية al-masīḥīya Christendom; Christianity, the Christian faith

ممسح mimsāḥ and ممسحة mimsaḥa pl. مماسح mamāsīḥ2 dust cloth, dish rag, floor rag; doormat; scraper

ماسح masḥ bootblack, shoeblack, shoeshine

ممسوح mamsūḥ wiped, wiped off, wiped clean; cleaned; smoothed, planed; polished; smooth; anointed; abraded, worn (coin) | ممسوح من المعنى (ma‘nā) senseless, meaningless, inane

3 تمساح timsāḥ pl. تماسيح tamāsīḥ crocodile (zool.)

مسخ masaka a (mask) to transform (من – الى ه s.o. from -- into), transmute, convert (هـ s.th.); to falsify, distort (هـ s.th.); to mar, spoil (هـ s.th.)

مسخ mask transformation, metamorphosis; transmutation, conversion; falsification, distortion, misrepresentation; metempsychosis

مسخ mask, misk pl. مسوخ musūk transformed into an animal; misshapen, deformed, disfigured; ugly, misshapen midget; freak, monstrosity; monster

مسخة maska (eg.) buffoon, harlequin, clown

مسيخ transformed; disfigured, defaced, deformed, ugly; tasteless, insipid, stale

ممسوخ mamsūk transformed; marred, spoiled; disfigured, defaced, deformed, ugly

مسخر maskara to ridicule, mock, deride (ه s.o.) II tamaskara to make fun (على of), laugh (على at)

مسد II to massage (اعضاءه a‘ḍā’ahū s.o.’s limbs)

مسد masad (coll.) pl. مساد misād, امساد amsād palm fibers, raffia

تمسيد tamsīd massage

1 ماسورة look up alphabetically

2 مسرى masrā the 12th month of the Coptic calendar

مسطرة (It. mostra) masṭara pl. مساطر masāṭir2 sample, specimen; see also سطر

مسقط masqaṭ Masqat (seaport and capital of Oman)

12 مسك masaka u i (mask) to grab, grasp, clutch, clasp, seize (ب or هـ s.th.), take hold ب or هـ of); to hold, hold fast (ب or هـ s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave, adhere, hang on (ب to) | مسك الحسابات (ḥisābāt) to keep the books, keep the accounts; مسك (daffata l-u.) to be at the helm, be in charge; مسك لسانه (lisānanahū) to keep one’s tongue in check II to scent with musk (هـ s.th.); to have (ه s.o.) seize or hold IV to seize, grip, grasp, clasp, clutch, hold (ب or هـ s.th.); to hold fast, grab (ب or هـ, ه s.o., s.th., من ه s.o. by his hair, and the like); to hold back, keep, detain, restrain (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., عن from); to withhold, not to expend (هـ s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep, desist (عن from), forbear, cease, stop (عن doing s.th.), keep away, remain aloof (عن from); to keep, retain (على نفسه هـ s.th. for o.s.) | امسك عليك (amsik) keep ...! امسك نفسه واقفا waqifan) to hold o.s. upright; امسك بيده (bi-yadihī) to take s.o. by the hand; امسك يده (yadahū) to take s.o.’s hand; امسكت عن الصدور to stop publication, fold up (newspaper); امسك لسانه (lisānahū) to keep one’s tongue in check; امسك البطن (baṭna) to constipate (med.) V to hold on, hold fast (ب to), clutch (ب s.th.); to stick, cling, cleave (ب to); to hang on (ب to), persist (ب in); to keep, adhere (ب to s.th.); to rise (prices), harden, firm up (quotations) | تمسك باهدافه (bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o., be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s thumb; تمسك بأهداب الشيء to adhere, cling to s.th.; تمسك برأيه (bi-ra’yihī) to stick to one’s opinion VI to hold together, be firmly connected, be interlocked; to compose o.s., pull o.s. together; to remain undaunted, remain calm, be composed; to stay on one’s feet; to be in full possession of one’s strength; to refrain, abstain, keep (عن from) X to keep, stick, cling, adhere (ب to); to grab, seize (ب s.th.); to refrain, abstain, keep (عن from)

مسك mask seizure, grip, hold; detention | مسك الدفاتر bookkeeping; مسك الحسابات m. al-ḥisābāt keeping of accounts, accountancy

مسك maska pl. masakāt grip, hold

مسك misk (m. and f.) musk | مسك الجن m. al-jinn a variety of goosefoot (Chenopodium Botrys; bot.); مسك الختام m. al-kitām lit.: the concluding musk (i.e., with which, originally, a letter was finally perfumed), the best following in the end, the crowning touch

مسكة miska a little, a touch, a glimpse, a whiff (من of)

مسك musuk and مسكة musaka grasping, greedy, avaricious

مسكة muska pl. مسك musak handle; hold; grip; handhold, support | مسكة الأمل m. al-amal that to which hope clings

مسكة muska, musuka and مساكة masāka, misaka avarice

مسكان muskān earnest money, pledge

مساك misāk dam, weir; hem, border

مسيك masīk tenacious; avaricious, miserly; watertight, waterproof

امساك imsāk seizure; restraint, detention, check; stop, cessation; abstinence; avarice; constipation (med.); time of the day which marks the beginning of the Ramadan fast

امساكية imsākīya calendar of fasting during the month of Ramadan

تمسك tamassuk adherence; devotedness, devotion, attachment; written commitment, IOU; firming-up, or consolidation, of the market, hardening of quotations | قانون التمسك legal moratorium, moratory law (jur.)

تماسك tamāsuk holding together, cohesiveness; coherence; cohesion (phys.); firmness, solidity; tenacity

استمساك istimsāk adherence, loyalty (ب to)

ممسك mumassak musky, musk-scented, perfumed

ممسك mumsik holding, clutching, grabbing; checking, restraining. withholding; economical, thrifty; grasping, greedy, avaricious

متمسك mutamassik holding fast, hanging on, clinging, adhering; tenacious; firm, solid

متماسك mutamāsik holding together, coherent, cohesive, hanging together, firmly connected, interlocked; continuous, uninterrupted; firm, solid; tenacious

مستمسك mustamsik composed, calm (mind)

2 مسكاتي muskātī muscatel (wine)

مسكن II tamaskana to become poor, be reduced to poverty; to pretend to be poor; to feign poverty or humility; to be submissive, servile, slavish, fawning

مسكنة maskana poverty, misery; humbleness, humility, submissiveness

مسكين miskīn pl. -ūn, مساكين masākīn2 poor, miserable; beggar; humble, submissive, servile

مسو II to wish (ه s.o.) a good evening | مساك الله بالخير massāka llāhu bi-l-kair good evening! III see صبح III; IV to enter into evening; to be or become in the evening; to be, become | يفعله اذا اصبح ويفعله اذا امسى (aṣbaḥa) he does so in the morning and in the evening

مساء masā’ pl. امساء amsā’, امسيات amsīyāt evening; masā’an in the evening | مساء امس masā’a amsi yesterday evening, last night; مساء الخير m. al-kair or مساؤكم بالخير good evening! صباح مساء ṣabāḥa masa’a mornings and evenings, in the morning and in the evening

مسائي masā’ī evening (adj.) | الأخبار المسائية the evening news

امسية umsīya pl. اماسي amāsīy evening

مسورة = ماسورة look up alphabetically

مسي masā i (masy) to make lean, cause to lose flesh, emaciate (هـ livestock; of the heat)

مسيو (Fr. Monsieur) misyū Mr.; sir

مش mašša u (mašš) to suck the marrow (هـ from a bone); to macerate, soak in water (هـ s.th.)

مش mišš whey

مشوش mašūš napkin

مشيج māšīj gamete, germ cell

مشح mašaḥa a (mašḥ) to administer extreme unction (ه to s.o.)

مشحة mašḥa extreme unction

مشط mašaṭa u i (mašṭ) to comb II do. V and VIII to comb one’s hair

مشط mušṭ pl. amšāṭ, مشاط mišāṭ comb; rake; bridge (of stringed instruments); O (mil.) cartridge clip | مشط الرجل m. ar-ril metatarsus, instep (anat.); مشط اليد m. al-yad metacarpus (anat.)

مشطي mušṭī toothed, indented, jagged, dentate; comblike, pectinate

تمشيط tamšīṭ combing, carding (of wool)

ماشط māšiṭ barber, hairdresser

ماشطة māšiṭa lady’s maid; (woman) hairdresser

ممشط mumallal combed, carded (wool)

مشق mašaqa u (mašq) to draw out, stretch, extend (هـ s.th.); to comb (هـ s.th.); to tear, tear up, shred (هـ s.th.); to whip, lash (هـ s.o.) V to be or get tom or shredded VIII to snatch away, whip away (من هـ s.th. from s.o.); to draw, unsheathe (هـ the sword)

مشق mašq pl. امشاق amšāq model, pattern (esp., one to be copied in writing)

مشق mišq slender, slim, svelte

مشقة mišqa pl. مشق mišaq flock of wool or cotton; rag, clout, shred; scrap of carding wool; scrap of hemp, oakum

مشيق mašīq slender, slim, svelte

مشاق mušāq scrap of flax or hemp; oakum, tow

مشاقة mušāqa scrap of flax or hemp; oakum, tow | مشاقة حرير floss

امتشاق imtišāq slenderness

ممشوق mamšūq slender, slim, svelte | ممشوق كالحسام (ka-1-ḥusām) slender as a wand

ماشك look up alphabetically

مشلوز mišlauz sweet-kerneled apricot

مشمش mišmiš (coll.; n. un. ة ) apricot; apricot tree | مشمش كلابي (kilābī) bitter-kerneled apricot; مشمش لوزي (حموي ) (lauzī, ḥamawi) sweet-kerneled apricot

مشملا mušmullā, mišmilla medlar (bot.)

مشملة mušmula, mišmila medlar (bot.)

المشهد al-mašhad Meshed (city in NE Iran)

(مشو and مشي) مشى mašā i (mašy) to go on foot, walk; to go; to pace, stride; to move along, proceed; to march | مشى بالنميمة to scatter slanderous rumors II to let or make (ه s.o.) go or walk; to adapt, adjust, fit, accommodate (مع هـ s.th. to) III to keep pace, keep in step (ه with s.o.); to go along, keep up, keep abreast (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.), keep to s.o.’s (ه ) side; to be likeminded (في ه with s.o. in s.th.), be guided by the same consideration or principles (في ه as s.o. in s.th.), act in unison (في ه with s.o. in s.th.) IV = II; to have an aperient effect (ه on s.o.; med.) V to go on foot, walk; to take a walk, to stroll, promenade; to walk slowly, saunter; to pass, move along, stride along; to keep step, keep up, keep abreast, go along, agree, harmonize, be compatible, be -consistent, be in accordance, be in keeping (مع with), fit, suit (مع s.th.), be appropriate, correspond, come up (مع to s.th.); to proceed (على in accordance with a principle or method); to follow, observe (على a principle) | تمشى في اوصاله approx.: to perfuse s.o.’s limbs (of a sensation); تمشى جيئة وذهابا (jī’atan wa-dahāban) to walk back and forth, pace up and down

مشو mašw a laxative, aperient

مشى mašy going, walking; walk

مشية mišya manner of walking, gait, pace, step, bearing, carriage

مشاء mašā’ pl. -ūn good walker; walker (athlet.)

مشاية mašāya pl. -āt long, narrow carpet, runner; O baby walker, gocart; hallway, corridor; footpath, path(way)

ممشى mamšā pl. مماش mamāšin hallway, corridor, passageway, passage; aisle; footpath, path(way), alley; promenade; crossing, overpass, bridge; bridge of a ship; runner, small rug

تمشيا مع tamaššiyan ma‘a (or على ) in conformity with, in accordance with, according to

ماش māšin pl. مشاة mušāh going, walking; pedestrian; foot soldier, infantryman; المشاة the infantry; ماشيا māšiyan on foot

ماشية māšiya pl. مواش mawāšin livestock, cattle

مص maṣṣa (1st pers. perf. masistu) a and (1st pers. perf. maṣaṣtu) u (maṣṣ) to suck, suck up, soak up, suck in, absorb (هـ s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up (هـ s.th.); to suck out (هـ s.th.) V to sip gradually, drink in small sips (هـ s.th.) VIII to suck, suck up, suck in (هـ s.th.); to sip, lap, lap up, lick up (هـ s.th.); to soak up, absorb, swallow up (هـ s.th.)

مص maṣṣ sucking, suction, suck, sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage, absorption |قصب المص qaṣab al-m. sugar cane

مصة maṣṣa (n. vic.) sucking, suck, suction; sip

مصاص maṣāṣ one who sucks, sucker; cupper; bloodsucker, extortioner, usurer

مصاصة muṣāṣa that which one sucks, s.th. to suck | مصاصة القصب m. al-qaṣab sugar-cane refuse

مصاصة maṣṣāṣa screech owl; vampire

مصيص maṣīṣ moist, damp (ground)

مصيص miṣīṣ string, twine, packthread

ممص mimaṣṣ suction pipe, sucker; O siphon

امتصاص imtiṣāṣ sucking, suck, suction; sucking up, soaking up, soak, soakage, absorption | قوة الامتصاص qūwat al-imt. suction

ممصوص mamṣūṣ soaked up; drained, exhausted; emaciated, very lean, skinny

ممتص mumtaṣ soaking up, absorbing; absorbent, absorptive

مصر II to found, build, settle, civilize, colonize (هـ a place); to Egyptianize, make Egyptian (هـ s.th.) V to become a populated, civilized area, become a big city, a metropolis; to Egyptianize, adopt Egyptian ways; to become an Egyptian

مصر miṣr pl. امصار amṣār big city; metropolis, capital; -- miṣr2, (colloq.) maṣr Egypt; Cairo | مصر القاهرة Cairo; مصر الجديدة Heliopolis (section of modern Cairo)

مصري miṣrī Egyptian; Cairene; (pl. -ūn) an Egyptian; a Cairene, a native of Cairo

مصرية miṣrīya Egyptianism, Egyptian national character; (pl. -āt) Egyptian woman or girl

مصير pl. امصرة amṣira, مصران muṣrān, مصارين maṣārīn2 gut; pl. bowels, intestines, guts, tripe; see also under صير

تمصير tamṣīr settling, settlement, colonization, civilization; Egyptianization

متمصر mutamaṣṣir Egyptianized, naturalized in Egypt

مصطكاء maṣṭakā’, muṣṭakā’ and مصطكى maṣṭakā mastic, resin of the mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus); liquor distilled from mastic | شجرة المصطكاء šajarat al-m. mastic tree (Pistacia lenticus; bot.)

مصل maṣala u to curdle (milk); to strain, filter (هـ s.th.)

مصل maṣl whey; (pl. مصول muṣūl) serum (med.) | علم المصول ‘ilm al-m. serology

مصلي maṣlī serous (med.)

مصمص maṣmaṣa to suck(هـ s.th.); to suck up, soak up, absorb (هـ s.th.); to sip and turn around in the mouth (هـ a liquid) II tamaṣmaṣa to sip and turn around in the mouth (هـ a liquid)

مض maḍḍa u (maḍḍ, مضيض maḍīḍ) to hurt, pain (ه s.o.); to burn, sting (ه s.o.); to torment, harass, trouble, molest (ب ه s.o. with); -- (1st pen. perf. maḍiḍtu) a (مضض maḍaḍ, مضيض maḍīḍ, مضاضة maḍāḍa) to be in pain, feel pain, suffer; to be distressed, worried, troubled IV to cause pain (ه to s.o.), hurt (ه s.o.); to torment, torture, agonize (ه s.o.)

مض maḍḍ pain, torment, torture, anguish, agony; painful, burning, stinging, smarting

مضض maḍaḍ pain, suffering, torment, torture, anguish, agony, affliction, distress; sour milk | على مضض unwillingly, reluctantly, grudgingly

مضاض muḍāḍ brackish water, brine, salt water

مضاضة maḍāḍa agony, torture

ممض mumiḍḍ agonizing, tormenting

مضر maḍara, maḍura u and maḍira a (maḍr, maḍar, مضور muḍūr) to turn sour (milk)

مضر maḍir and ماضر māḍir sour (milk)

لغة مضر lugat muḍara the language of Mudar, the Arabic language

مضغ maḍaga a u (maḍg) to chew (هـ s.th.) | مضغ الكلام (kalām) to slur, speak indistinctly

مضغ maḍg chewing, mastication

مضغة muḍga pl. مضغ muḍag s.th. to be chewed; bite, bit, morsel; small chunk of meat; O embryo; O chewing gum | مضغة طيبة (ṭayyiba) titbit; جعله مضغة في الأفواه (ja‘alahū muḍgatan) to make s.o. the talk of the town, send tongues wagging about s.o.

مضاغة muḍāga s.th. chewed, chew, quid

مضمض maḍmaḍa to rinse

مضى maḍā i (muḍīy) to go away, leave, depart; to make off, decamp, abscond; with ب ; to take s.th. away, remove s.th.; to pass, elapse, go by, expire, run out (time); to advance, progress (في in); to proceed (في in or with s.th., also ب ), continue (في , also ب , s.th., to do s.th.), go on (في doing s.th.); to pursue, practice, exercise (في s.th., also في مهنة fī mihnatin a profession); to penetrate deeper, enter deeper, go deeper (في into s.th.); to bring to an end, wind up, terminate, conclude, accomplish, carry out, execute, perform (على s.th.); (with imperf.) to set out to do s.th., proceed to do s.th.; -- (مضاء maḍā’) to be sharp, cut (sword) | مضى سبيله (sabīlahū) to pass away, die; مضى لسبيله (li-sabīlihī) do.; مضى على البيع (bai‘) to conclude a bargain; مضى على ذلك شهور (šuhūrun) months have passed since then; مضى في كلامه (kalāmihī) to go on talking; مضى ما مضى let bygones be bygones! no more of that! فيما مضى (fī-mā) or فيما مضى من الزمان (zamān) formerly, previously, heretofore, once, before, in the past; لم يمض غير قليل حتى lam yamḍi gairu qalīlin ḥlattā it did not take long until ..., before long ...; من سنة مضت min sanatin maḍat one year ago; ومضى فقال and he went on to say, and he added II to make pass, cause to go by; to spend, pass (هـ time, في with s.th.) IV to spend, p (. time); to carry out, execute, perform, accomplish, conclude, terminate, wind up, bring to an end (هـ s.th.); to pass, put behind o.s. (هـ examination); to undersign, sign (هـ s.th.) | امضي امره على (amrahu) to throw one’s full support behind s.th., endorse s.th. wholeheartedly

مضي muḍīy departure, leave; passing; lapse, elapsing, expiration (of a period of time); continuation (في of s.th.); deeper penetration, deeper insight (في into); carrying out, execution, pursuit (في of an intention, of a plan) | مضي m. al-mudda lapse of time, superannuation; التمسك بمضي المدة (tamassuk) usucapion, prescription (jur.); على مضي الزمن (m. iz-zaman) lastingly, for long, permanently; المضي في الحرب (ḥarb) the continuation of the war

مضاء maḍā’ sharpness, keenness; penetration, sagacity, acute discernment; energy | مضاء المدة strength of purpose, resolution, determination, energy, go

امضى amḍā sharper, more incisive, more effective

تمضية tamḍiya execution, performance, accomplishment, completion; spending, passing (of time) | تمضية الوقت t. al.waqt pastime

إمضاء imḍā’ realization, execution, accomplishment, completion; signing, signature | صاحب الإمضاء the undersigned

ماض māḍin pl. مواض mawāḍin sharp, keen, cutting; acute, penetrating, incisive, effective; energetic; past, bygone; الماضي the past; past tense, perfect, preterit (gram.) | ماضي العزيمة resolute, determined; الشهر الماضي (šahr) last month

ممض mumḍin signer, signatory

ممضى mumḍan undersigned, signed

مط maṭṭa u (maṭṭ) to expand by pulling, stretch, draw out (هـ s.th.); to draw tight, tighten, tauten (هـ s.th.) II to expand, stretch (هـ s.th.); to scold, revile, abuse (ه s.o.) V to expand; to stretch; to distend, widen, spread, lengthen; to be capable of extension or lengthening, be expandable, stretchable, elastic; to be rubberlike

مط maṭṭ expansion, extension, stretching, distention, lengthening, drawing out

مطاط maṭṭāṭ expandable, extensible, stretchable, elastic; dilatory; rubbery, rubberlike; rubber; caoutchouc

تمطط tamaṭṭu expandability, extensibility, elasticity

مطر maṭara u to rain (مطرت السماء maṭarat is-samā’ it rained); to shower with rain (ه s.o.; of the sky); to pour out (ب ه over s.o. s.th.), shower, douse (ب ه s.o. with); to do, render (ه s.o., بخير bi-kairin a good turn, a favor); to run swiftly (horse), speed away IV to rain (of the sky); to cause (هـ s.th.) to rain (على upon); to shower (ب ه s.o. with or هـ على upon s.o. s.th.), heap (ب ه or هـ على upon s.o. s.th.) | امطر عليه وابلا (wābilan) or امطره بوابل منه (bi-wābilin) he showered him with a hail of (e.g., stones), with a rain of (e.g., blows), with a flood of (e.g., abuses, threats), etc. X to ask for rain; to ask (من or ه s.o.) a favor; to wish (هـ for s.th.), desire (هـ s.th.); to invoke, call down (هـ على upon s.o. s.th.)

مطر maṭar pl. امطار amṭār rain | محطة لرصد الأمطر maḥaṭṭa li-raṣd al·a. pluvio-metrical station

مطرة mṭra, maṭara pl. -āt downpour, rain shower

مطر maṭir and مطير maṭīr rainy, abounding in rain

ممطر mimṭar and ممطرة mimṭara pl. مماطر mamāṭir2 raincoat

ماطر māṭir, rainy, abounding in rain

ممطر mumṭir rainy, abounding in rain | مواسم ممطرة rainy seasons, periods of rain

مطرن maṭrana to raise to the rank of metropolitan or archbishop, consecrate as metropolitan or archbishop (ه s.o.) II tamaṭrana to be instated or consecrated as metropolitan (Chr.)

مطران muṭrān, maṭrān, miṭrān pl. مطارنة maṭārina, مطارين maṭārīn2 metropolitan, archbishop (Chr.)

مطرنة maṭrana dignity or office of a metropolitan, metropolitanate, archiepiscopate (Chr.)

مطرنية maṭranīya, مطرانية muṭrānīya pl. -āt diocese of a metropolitan, archbishopric, archdiocese (Chr.)

مطق V to smack one’s lips

مطل maṭala u (maṭl) to draw out, lengthen, extend, stretch (هـ s.th.); to stretch (هـ a rope); to hammer, forge, shape by hammering (هـ iron); to postpone, defer, delay; to put off (ب ه s.o. with) III to tarry, temporize, take one’s time; to put off (ب ه s.o. with)

مطول maṭūl deferring, delaying, procrastinating, tardy, dilatory, slow

مطيلة maṭīla pl. مطائل maṭā’il2 wrought iron

مماطلة mumāṭala postponement, deferment, procrastination, delay

مطا (مطو ) maṭā u (maṭw) to quicken one’s pace, hurry, walk fast IV to mount (هـ an animal); to ride (هـ on an animal) V to stretch o.s., loll; to stretch (ب s.th., one’s body, one’s limbs); to walk, proudly, strut, swagger VIII to mount (هـ an animal); to board (هـ a vehicle), get in (هـ ), get aboard (هـ ); to ride (هـ on an animal, in a vehicle)

مطوة maṭwa hour, time, moment

مطية maṭīya pl. مطايا maṭāyā, مطي maṭīy mount, riding animal; expedient, means to an end, instrument, tool

مع ma’a (prep.) with, simultaneously with, together with, accompanied by, in the company of; in the estimation, eyes, or opinion of; in spite of, despite; toward, in relation to; معا ma’an together; at the same time, simultaneously; with one another | مع ان although; ومع ان – إلا ان wa-ma‘a anna -- illā anna although -- nevertheless, to be sure -- but ..., it is true -- but ; مع ذلك or مع هذا in spite of it, nevertheless, notwithstanding, still; مع كل هذا in spite of all that; مع كونه غنيا (kaunihī ganīyan) although he is rich, for all his being rich, rich as he is; ليس مع الحكومة (laisa) he is not for the government, he doesn’t side with the government; مع الحائط along the wall; كان معه it was with him, he had it with him; ما معكم what do you have with you? what have you brought along? what’s up your sleeves? الست معي في ان (alasta) don’t you also think that ...? wouldn’t you share my view that استعمل وسائل القسوة معه ista‘mala wasā’il l-qaswati ma‘ahū he brought harsh measures to bear on him

معية ma‘īya company; escort; suite, retinue, entourage, attendants | بمعية (في معية) فلان in the company of so-and-so; بمعية هذا herein enclosed, herewith

معج V to wind, meander

مع pass. mu‘ida to have a gastric ailment, suffer from dyspepsia, have a stomachache

معدة ma‘ida, mi‘da pl. معد mi’ad stomach

معدى ma‘dī, mi‘dī of or pertaining to the stomach, gastric, stomachic | امراض معدية gastric diseases; حمى معدية (ḥummā) gastric fever

ممعود mam‘ūd suffering from a gastric disease, dyspeptic

معر ma‘ira a (ma‘ar) to fall out (hair) IV to become poor, impoverished, be reduced to poverty V = I

معار ma‘ār (eg.) braggart, braggadocio, swaggerer

معز ma‘z, ma‘az (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. امعز am‘uz, معيز ma‘īz goat

ماعز mā‘iz pl. مواعز mawā‘iz2 goat

معاز ma‘‘āz goatherd

معس ma‘asa a (ma‘s) to rub (هـ s.th.); to squash, crush (هـ s.th.)

معض ma‘aḍa a (ma‘ḍ) and VIII to be annoyed (على by), be angry (من at), resent (من s.th.)

امتعاض imti‘āḍ anger, resentment, annoyance, displeasure; excitement, agitation

ممتعض mumta‘iḍ annoyed, vexed, angry; upset, excited

معط ma‘aṭa a (ma‘ṭ) to tear out, pull out, pluck out (هـ hair, feathers)

معط ma‘iṭ and امعط am‘aṭ2, f. معطاء ma‘ṭā‘, pl. معط mu‘ṭ hairless, bald

معك ma‘aka a (ma‘k) to rub (هـ s.th.)

معكرونه ma‘karūna macaroni

1 معمعة ma‘ma‘a pl. معامع ma‘āmi‘2 confusion, jumble, mess, tohubohu; tumult, uproar; turmoil; pl. wars, battles

معمعان ma‘ma‘ān raging, roar (of a storm), turmoil, thick (of a battle), height, climax (of heat and cold) | معمعان الصيف m. aṣ-ṣaif high summer; معمعان الشتاء deepest winter

2 معمعي IV to apply o.s. assiduously, devote all one’s efforts (في to s.th.); to be keen, intent (في on), be eager (في for); to examine closely, study carefully, scrutinize (في s.th.); to go to extremes (في in s.th.), overdo, carry too far (في s.th.) | امعن النظر في (naẓara) to fix one’s eyes on s.th., regard s.th. attentively, examine s.th. closely, scrutinize s.th. V to become engrossed or absorbed, bury o.s. (في in), regard attentively, examine carefully (في s. th.), look closely (في at s.o., at s.th.), scrutinize (في s.o., s.th.)

ماعون mā‘ūn pl. مواعين mawā‘īn implement, utensil, instrument; vessel, receptacle, container; (coll.) implements, utensils, gear; (syr.) ream of paper

ماعونة mā‘ūna pl. -āt, مواعين mawā‘īn2 (eg.) lighter, barge

امعان im‘ān and امعان النظر i. an-naẓar close examination, careful study, scrutiny (في of s.th.); امعان devotion (في to s.th.), care, carefulness, assiduity, diligence, attentiveness, attention

تمعن tama‘‘un close examination, careful study, scrutiny; care, carefulness | بتمعن carefully

معا (معو ) ma‘ā u (معاء ma‘ā’) to mew, miaow, (cat)

1 معى mi‘an, ma‘y and معاء mi‘ā’ pl. امعاء am‘ā’, امعية am‘īya gut; intestines, bowels, entrails | الأمعاء الدقيقة the small intestine; المعى الغليظ the large intestine

معوي mi‘awī of or pertaining to the intestines, intestinal; enteric | الحمى المعوية (ḥummā) typhoid fever, enteric fever, abdominal typhus

2 معية ma‘īya see مع

مغاث mugāt (eg.) root of Glossostemon Bruguieri (bot.)

مغر magar and مغرة mugra reddish, russet color

امغر amgar2 reddish brown, russet

مغربة magraba (mor.) Moroccanization

مغص magṣa to cause gripes; pass. mugiṣa (mag.) to have gripes or colic, suffer from colic

مغص magṣ, magaṣ and مغيص magīṣ, gripes; colic | مغص كلوى (kulwī) renal colic

ممغوص mamgūṣ, suffering from colic; having gripes

مغط magaṭa a (magṭ) to stretch, extend, expand, draw, out II do.

متمغط mutamaggiṭ stretchable, elastic (rubber); tough, viscous, ropy, sticky

مغطس magṭasa to magnetize, make magnetic, subject to magnetic induction (هـ s.th.) II tamagṭasa to be magnetized, become magnetic

مغطسة magṭasa magnetism

ممغطس mumagṭas magnetized, magnetic

خشب المغنة kašab al-mugna, خشب المغنى k. al-mugnā mahogany (wood)

مغنط magnaṭa to magnetize, subject to magnetic induction (هـ s.th.)

مغنطيس mignaṭīs, magnaṭīs magnet | O مغنطيس كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electromagnet

مغناطيس mignāṭīs, magnāṭīs. magnet; magnetism

مغنطيسي mignaṭīsī magnetic; hypnotic

مغنطيسية mignāṭīsīya and مغناطيسية magnetism

مغنيسيا magnīsiyā magneoio

المغول al-mugūl the Mongols; the Moguls | بلاد المغول Mongolia

مغولي mugūlī Mongolian

مقت maqata u (maqt) to detest, abhor, loathe, hate (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); -- maquta u (مقاتة maqāta) to be abominable, detestable, loathsme, hated, odious II maqata; to make (ه s.o.) hateful (الى to s.o.), make s.o. (الى ) loathe (ه s.o.)

مقت maqt hate, hatred, detestation, loathing, aversion, disgust ; hateful, odious

مقيت maqīt and ممقوت mamqūt hated, detested; hateful, odious; detestable, abominable, loathsome, repugnant, disgusting

مقدونس maqdūnis parsley

مقدوني maqdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)

مقع maqa’a a (maq’) to drink avidly, toss down (هـ s.th.) VIII pass. umtuqi’a to turn pale

ممقتع mumtaqa’ pale, pallid, wan, sallow

مقل maqala u (maql) to look (ه at s.o.), eye, regard (ه s.o.)

مقلة muqla pl. مقل muqal eye; eyeball | مقلة العين m. al-’ain eyeball

مقانق maqāniq (= نقانق ) small mutton sausages (syr.)

مكة makka2 (usually followed by the epithet المكرمة al-mukarrama) Mecca

مكي makkī Meccan (adj. and n.)

مكوك makkūk pl. مكاكيك makākik2 drinking cup; shuttle

ماكوك mākūk pl. مواكيك mawākik2 drinking cup; shuttle

مكث makata u (makt, مكوث mukūt) to remain, abide, stay, live, dwell, reside (ب in a place)

مكث makt and مكوث mukūt remaining, staying, lingering, abiding; stay, sojourn

مكوجي see كوى

مكدام (Engl.) makadām macadam

مكدوني makdūnī Macedonian (adj. and n.)

مكدونيا makdūniyā Macedonia

مكر makara u (makr) to deceive, delude, cheat, dupe, gull, double-cross (ب s.o.) III to try to deceive (ه s.o.)

مكر makr cunning, craftiness, slyness, wiliness, double-dealing, deception, trickery

مكرة makra ruse, artifice, stratagem, wile, trick, dodge

مكار makkār and مكور makūr cunning, sly, crafty, wily, shrewd, artful; sly, crafty person, impostor, swindler

ماكر mākir pl. مكرة makara sly, cunning, wily

مكروب mikrūb pl. -āt, مكاريب makārīb2 microbe

مكررونه makarūna macaroni

مكس makasa i (mail) and II to collect taxes III to haggle, bargain (ه with s.o.)

مكس maks pl. مكوس mukūs tax, specif., excise or sales tax; toll, custom, duty, impost; market dues | دار المكوس custom-house

مكاس makkās tax collector

المكسيك al-maksīk Mexico

المكى Mukalla (seaport in Aden Protectorate, chief town of Hadhramaut)

1 مكن makuna u (مكانة makāna) to be or become strong; to become influential, gain influence, have influence (عند with s.o.), have power II to make strong or firm, consolidate, strengthen, cement, establish firmly, deepen (هـ s.th.); to lend weight (هـ to s.th.); to put down or set down firmly (هـ s.th.), give (هـ s.th.) a firm stance; to put (ه s.o.) in a position (من to do s.th.), give (ه s.o.) the possibility (من to do s.th.), enable (من ه s.o. to do s.th.), make possible (من ه for s.o. s.th.); to place (من s.th.) in s.o.’s (ه ) hands; to furnish. provide (من ه s.o. with); to give or lend a firm position (ل to s.o. to s.th.); to give power (في ل to s.o. over) IV to enable (من ه s.o. to do s.th.); to be possible, feasible (ه for s.o.) | يمكنه yumkinuhū he can (ان do s.th.); يمكن ان it is possible that ...; it may be that ..., possibly ..., perhaps ..., maybe …; اكثر ما يمكن (aktara) as much as possible; لا يمكن it is impossible V to have or gain influence, weight, or prestige (عند with s.o.), have or gain power; to be native, indigenous, resident; to gain ground; to spread; to be consolidated, firmly established; to consolidate, strengthen, gain in strength; to seize (من on s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (من of s.th.); to have command or mastery (من of s.th.), command, muter (من s.th.); to be in a position, be able (من to do s.th.), be capable (من of), have the power (من to do s.th.) X to consolidate, strengthen, deepen, become firmly established, establish itself; to seize (من on s.th.), possess o.s., take possession (من of); to have command or mastery (من of s.th.), command, master (من s.th.); to be able (من to do s.th.), be capable (من of)

مكنة mukna, makina power, ability, capacity, capability, faculty; possibility; strength, firmness, solidity, intensity, force, vigor

مكان pl. امكنة, اماكن and مكانة see كون

مكين makīn pl. مكناء mukanā’2 strong, firm, solid; firmly established, unshakable; deep-seated, deep-rooted, deeply ingrained, inveterate (feeling); influential, distinguished, of note, of rank, respected; powerful, potent

امكن amkan2 see متمكن

تمكين tamkīn strengthening, consolidation, cementation; deepening, intensification; fixation, establishment; enabling, enablement, capacitation; livery of seizing, investiture (Isl. Law)

امكان imkān power, capacity, capability; faculty, ability; possibility | بقدر الإمكان bi-qadri l-i. or على قدر الإمكان as much as possible, as far as possible; عدم الإمكان ‘adam al-i. impossibility; عند الإمكان when (if) possible, possibly; في امكانه ان it is in his power, he is in a position to ...; هو في الإمكان it is in the realm of possibility; ليس في الإمكان it is impossible, unthinkable, inconceivable

امكانية imkānīya pl. -āt possibility; O potential (phys.)

تمكن tamakkun power, authority, control, mastery, command; ability, capability,

faculty; restraint, self-control, self-possession (also تمكن من النفس )

ماكن mākin strong, firm, solid, lasting, enduring

ممكن mumkin possible; thinkable, conceivable | غير ممكن impossible; من المكن ان possibly, perhaps, maybe

ممكنات mumkināt possibilities

متمكن mutamakkin an adept, a proficient, a master; strengthened, cemented; firmly established, firmly fixed; consolidated; deep-rooted, deep-seated, deeply ingrained, inveterate; lasting, enduring; declinable (gram.) | متمكن امكن (amkan2) declinable with nunnation, triptote (gram.); متمكن غير امكن (gairu amkana) declinable in two cases, diptote (gram.); غير متمكن indeclinable (gram.); متمكن في جلسته (jalsatihī) firmly seated

2 مكنة makina and ماكينة mākīna pl. -āt and مكائن makā’in2 machine

مكنى makanī mechanical

مكوجي see كوى

2 مل malla (1st pers. perf. maliltu) a (ملل malal, ملال malāl, ملالة malāla) to be or become weary, tired, bored, impatient; to tire, become tired (هـ of s.th.), become fed-up (هـ with) | لا يمل indefatigable, untiring, unflagging IV to be tiresome, irksome, wearisome, boring, tedious, vexatious; to vex, annoy, irritate (على or ه s.o.); (= املى ) to dictate (على ه s.th. to s.o.) V to be wearied, fed-up; to be bored; to be restless, fidgety; to embrace a religion (ملة millatan) VIII to embrace a religion (ملة millatan)

مل mall weary, tired, fed-up; bored

ملة malla hot ashes, live embers

ملة milla pl. ملل milal religious community; religion, creed, faith, confession, denomination

ملى millī religious, confessional, denominational | مجلس ملي (majlis) court of justice of a religious minority (in Egypt abolished since 1956)

ملة mulla pl. ملل mulal basting stitch, tacking stitch; spring mattress

ملل malal and ملال malāl tiredness, boredom, ennui; listlessness, weariness; annoyance, irritation, vexation

ملال mulāl morbid unrest, restlessness fidgetiness, feverishness

ملالة malāla weariness, boredom; impatience; ennui, tedium

ملول malūl tired, wearied, bored; weary, fed-up, disgusted

ملى mullā bread baked in hot ashes

مملول mamlūl offensive, disgusting

ممل mumill tiresome, tedious, boring, wearisome, irksome, loathsome, disagreeable

2 مل mill pl. -āt (formerly) the smallest monetary unit in Palestine and Jordan, 1/1000 of a Palestinian pound

ملأ mala’a a (ملء mal’, ملأة mal’a, mil’a) to fill, fill up (ب or من or هـ هـ s.th. with); to fill out (هـ a form, a blank); to take up, fill, occupy (هـ space); to fill (هـ a vacancy) | ملأ الدهر (dahra) his (its) fame spread far and wide; ملأ الساعة (sā‘ata) to wind up a watch or clock; ملأ شدقيه بالهواء (šidqaihi bi-l-hawā’) to puff one’s cheek.; ملأ العين (‘aina) to satisfy completely, please; ملأ الفضاء بالشكوى (faḍā’a bi-š-šakwā) to fill the air with complaints, voice loud laments; ملأ فاه ب (fāhu) to talk big about ..., shoot off one’s mouth about ...; -- ملئ mali’a to be or become filled, filled up, full, replete III to help, assist, support, back up (على ه s.o. in), side (ه with s.o.); to make common cause, join forces (على ه with s.o. against) IV to fill (هـ s.th., also a vacancy) V to till, become full; to be filled (هـ or من with), be full (هـ or من of) VIII to fill, become full; to be filled (glass; pass.); to be filled (هـ, من or ب with s.th., هـ also with a feeling), be full (هـ, من or ب of, هـ also of a feeling); to fill (هـ s.th.); to fill up (هـ s.th.); to imbue, fill (ه s.o., هـ with a feeling)

ملء mal’ filling (also, e.g., of vacancies); filling out

ملء mil’ pl. املاء amlā’ filling, quantity which fills s.th., fill; quantity contained in s.th. | ملء اهابه الكبرياء m. ihābihī l-kibriyā’u he is all pride and arrogance; ملء بطنه m. baṭnihī as much as one can eat, one’s fill; ملء القدح m. qadaḥin a cupful; ملء اليد m. al-yad a handful; ملء كسائه m. kisā’ihī corpulent fat; بملء الفم bi-m. il-fam in a loud voice; بملء فيه bi-mil’i fīhi with a ring of deep conviction (with verbs like “say”, “declare”, “exclaim”, etc.); loudly, at the top of one’s voice or one’s lungs (with verbs like “shout”, “cry”, etc.); ضحك بملء (ملء) شدقيه ḍaḥika bi-mil’i (or mil’a) šidqaihj to grin from ear to ear; قال بصوت ملؤه الشفقة (bi-ṣautin mil’uhū ā-šafaqatu) he said in a voice full of mercy ...; لي ملء الحرية في (m. ul-ḥurrīya) I have complete freedom to ..., I am completely at liberty to ...; ملء (mauqilan mil'uhil

I-ilium) he ....umed a posture that w...

all determination; انت ملء حياتي (ḥayātī) you are all my life; ينام ملء جفنيه (mil’a jafnaihi) he is sound asleep, he sleeps the sleep of the just

ملأ mala’ pl. املاء amlā’ crowd, gathering, assembly, congregation; audience; (general) public; council of elders, notables, grandees | على الملأ publicly, in public; على ملأ العالم (m. il-‘ālam) for everyone to see, before all the world; الملأ الأعلى (a‘lā) the heavenly host, the angels

ملاءة mulā’a, ملاية milāya pl. -āt wrap worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed sheet

مليء , مليئ malī’ full (ب of), filled, replete (ب with); bulging, swelling (ب with); plump; stout, fat, corpulent, obese; rich, abounding (ب in); well-to-do, wealthy; solvent | مليء البدن m. al-badan stout, fat, corpulent

ملآن mal’ān, f. مللأى mal’ā or ملآنة pl. ملاء milā’ full, filled, replete; plump, fat

ممالأة mumāla’a partiality, bias; collaboration (pol.)

املاء imlā’ filling (also, e.g., of a vacancy)

امتلاء imtilā’ repletion, fullness; full, round form, plumpness; bulkiness; fatness, stoutness, corpulence

مملوء mamlū’ filled, filled up; imbued; loaded

ممالئ mumāli’ partial, biased, prejudiced; collaborator (pol.)

ممتلئ mumtali’ full, filled, filled up, replete | ممتلئ الجسم m. al-jism stout, fat, corpulent

ملاريا malāriyā malaria

ملايو malāyū, جزر الملايو juzur al-m. the Malayan Archipelago

ملج malaja u (malj) to suck (هـ the mother’s breast) VIII to suck

مالج mālaj pl. موالج mawālij2 trowel

ملح malaḥa u a and maluḥa u (ملوح mulūḥ, ملوحة mulāḥa, ملاحة malāḥa) to be or become salt(y); -- maluḥa u (ملاحة malāḥa, ملوحة mulūḥa) to be beautiful, handsome, pretty, comely, nice, elegant II to salt, season with salt (هـ s.th.); to salt away, salt down, preserve with salt, com, cure (هـ s.th.) IV to be salt(y) X to find (هـ s.th.) beautiful, pretty, nice, or witty

ملح milḥ m. and f., pl. املاح amlāḥ, ملاح milāḥ salt; gunpowder; witticism, wittiness, wit, esprit | ملح انكليزي bitter salt, Epsom salt; ملح البارود m. al-bārūd saltpeter; gunpowder; ملح النشادر m. an-nušādir sal ammoniac, ammonium chloride; املاح معدنية (ma‘dinīya) mineral salts

ملحي milhī salt, salty, saline

ملحة milḥa bond, obligation, commitment, covenant

ملحة mulḥa pl. ملح mulaḥ funny story, anecdote, bon mot, witticism

ملاح mallāḥ sailor, seaman, mariner; (mar.) ghetto of Moroccan cities

ملاحة malāḥa beauty, grace, gracefulness; elegance; kindness, kindliness, friendliness, amiability; saltiness, salt taste, saltness, salinity

ملاحة mallāḥa pl. -āt salina, saline spring; saltern, saltworks, salt mine; saltcellar

ملاحة milāḥa navigation, shipping | ملاحة تجارية (tijārīya) mercantile shipping, maritime transportation; ملاحة جوية (jawwīya) aviation; ملاحة داخلية (dākilīya) inland navigation; ملاحة نهرية (nahrīya) river traffic; صالح للملاحة navigable

ملاحي milāḥī navigational, shipping, marine, maritime, nautical

ملوحة mulāḥa saltiness, salt taste

مليح malīḥ pl. ملاح millāḥ, املاح amlāḥ salt, salty, briny, salted; pretty, handsome, comely; beautiful; nice, pleasant, agreeable; witty | (eg.) علقة مليحة (‘alqa) a sound beating

املوحة umlūḥa pl. اماليح amālīḥ2 joke, anecdote

مملحة mamlaḥa pl. ممالح mamāliḥ2 salina; saltern, saltworks; saline spring; saltcellar

تمليح tamlīḥ salting, salting down, preservation in salt, corning, curing

مالح māliḥ salt, salty, briny

موالح mawāliḥ2 (pl. of مالحة māliḥa, citrus fruits; (syr.) salted nuts, peanuts, almonds, etc.

مملوح mamlūḥ salted, salty

مملح mumallaḥ salted; salted down, corned, cured

مستملح mustamlaḥ brilliant, witty, bright, clever, interesting

1 ملخ malaka a (malk) to pull out, tear out (هـ s.th.); to wrench, dislocate, luxate (هـ a joint) VIII to pull out, extract (هـ s.th.)

مليخ malīk tasteless, insipid

2 ملوخية mulūlkīya Jew’s mallow (Corchorus olitorius; bot.) cultivated as a pot herb; a thick soup made of this herb (eg., syr.)

ملد malida a (malad) to be tender (esp., twig)

اماليد amalīd2 tender twigs

املد amlad2, f. ملداء maldā’ tender, flexible

ملس malisa a and malusa u (ملاسة malāsa, ملوسة mulūsa) to be smooth, level, even II to make smooth, to smooth, level, even (هـ s.th.); to make slippery (هـ s.th.); to pass the hand, brush (with the hand) (على over), stroke, caress (على s.th.) V to become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to grope; to slip away, escape VII (also املس immalasa) to become smooth; to glide, slide, slip; to slip away; to escape

ملس malas (eg.) a thin outer garment; على silk fabric for women’s dresses

ملس malis smooth, sleek

ملاسة malāsa smoothness

املس amlas 2, f. ملساء malsā’2, pl. ملس muls smooth, sleek

ملص maliṣa a (malaṣ) to glide, slide, slip; to slip away, escape; to disengage o.s., free o.s., (من, عن from an obligation), rid o.s. (من, عن of) V to rid o.s. (عن of), shirk, dodge, evade (من s.th.)

ملص maliṣ smooth, sleek, slippery

مليص malīṣ smooth, seleek, slippery; miscarried fetus, stillborn child

تملص tamalluṣ slipping away, escaping, escape

1 ملط malaṭa u (malṭ) to plaster with mud or mortar (هـ a wall); to shave off (هـ hair) II to mortar, plaster (هـ a wall)

ملط malṭ (eg.) stark naked | عريان ملط (‘uryān) stark naked

ملط milṭ pl. املاط amlāt, ملوط mulūṭ dishonorable, discreditable; scoundrel | خلط ملط kilṭ milṭ or kalṭ malṭ pell-mell, in confusion

ملاط milāṭ pl. ملط muluṭ mortar

مليط malīṭ and املط amlaṭ pl. ملط mulṭ hairless

2 مالطة malṭa Malta

مالطي malṭī Maltese (adj. and n.)

ملق maliqa a (malaq) to flatter (ه s.o.) U = I; to even, level, plane (هـ هـ s.th.) III = I IV to become poor, impoverished, be reduced to poverty V to flatter (الى, ل or ه s.o.)

ملق maliq and ملاق mallāq flatterer, adulator

ملق malaqa pl. -āt, املق amlaq (eg.) Egyptian mile, league, the distance of approximately one hour’s walk

مملقة mimlaqa planer, leveler; roller

تمليق tamlīq and تملق tamalluq flattery, adulation

ملك malaka i (malk, mulk, milk) to take in possession, take over, acquire (هـ s.th.), seize, lay hands (هـ on), possess o.s., take possession, lay hold (هـ of); to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.), be the owner (هـ of); to dominate, control (هـ s.th.): to be master (هـ of); to role, reign, exercise power or authority, hold sway, lord it (على or هـ over); to be capable (هـ of), be equal (هـ to); to be able, be in a position (ان or هـ to do s.th.) | ملكه الغيظ (gaiẓ) anger overwhelmed him, got the better of him; ملك عليه جميع مشاعره (jamī‘a mašā‘irihī) to dominate s.o.’s every thought and deed, be uppermost in s.o.’s mind; ملك عليه حسه (ḥissahū) to take possession of s.o.’s feelings; ملك عليه لبه (lubbahū) to preoccupy s.o.’s heart; ملك عليه نفسه (nafsahū) to lay hold of s.o.’s soul, dominate s.o.’s thinking, affect s.o. deeply, stir up, arouse, excite s.o.; ملك على نفسه امرها (amrahā) to have o.s. under control, keep one’s temper; ملك العينين من البكاء (‘ainaini, bukā’) to hold back the tears; ملك نفسه (nafsahū) to control o.s., restrain o.s.; لم يملك ان he could not refrain from ..., he couldn’t help it, he had to ...; ما ملكت (يملك) يمينه (yamīnuhū) his fortune, his property, his possessions II and IV to make (ه s.o.) the owner; to put (ه s.o.) in possession (هـ of), transfer (ه to s.o.) ownership (هـ of); to transfer, assign, make over, convey (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) king or sovereign (على over) V to take in possession, take over, appropriate, acquire (هـ s.th.), take possession (هـ of s.th., ه of s.o.), seize, lay hands (هـ on s.th.), lay hold (هـ of s.th.); to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.), be in possession (هـ of); to become king or sovereign (على over); to become prevalent, become fixed, take root (habit) VI to gain control (هـ over a feeling, نفسه nafsahū over o.s.); to control o.s., restrain o.s., hold back; to refrain, keep (عن from s.th.) | ما تمالك عن he couldn’t help (doing s.th.), he couldn’t refrain from VIII to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); to gain, win (هـ s.th.); to acquire (هـ s.th.) | امتلك نواصي الشيء (nawāṣiya š-šai’) to b. master of s.th., rule over s.th. X to appropriate (هـ s.th.), take possession (هـ of); to dominate, control (هـ s.th.); to possess, own, have (هـ s.th.); to master (هـ s.th.)

ملك mulk rule, reign, supreme authority, dominion, domination, dominance, sway, power; sovereignty, kingship, royalty; monarchy; tenure, holding, right of possession, possessory right, ownership

ملك mill: pl. املاك amlāk property, possessions, goods and chattels, fortune, wealth; estate; landed property, real estate; pl. possessions (= colonies); lands, landed property, estates | املاك اميرية (amīrīya) or املاك الحكومة government lands; ملك ثابت landed property, real property, real estate, realty, immovables; ملك منقول personal estate, personal property, personality, movables; املاك مبنية (mabnīya) developed lots, real estate developments; صاحب الأملاك, ذو الأملاك landowner; ملك اميري (amīrī) government property; ملك مطلق (muṭlaq) general property, fee simple (absolute) (Isl. Law); ملك شائع joint property, joint tenancy, co-ownership

ملك malik pl. ملوك mulūk, املاك amlāk king, sovereign, monarch

ملكة malika pl. -āt queen | ملكة الجمال m. al-jamāl beauty queen

ملك malak (for ملأك ) angel | ملك حارس guardian angel

ملكي mulkī posessory, possessive, proprietary; civilian, civil (as opposed to military) | بدلة ملكية (badla) civilian clothes; موظف ملكي (muwaẓẓaf) civil servant

ملكي malakī royal, kingly, regal; monarchic, sovereign; monarchist; angelic

ملكية malakīya monarchy, kingship, royalty

ملكية milkīya pl. -āt property; ownership (jur.) | الملكية الكبرى (kubrā) large landed property; نزع الملكية naz‘ al-m. expropriation, dispossession

ملكة malaka pl. -āt trait of character, natural disposition, aptitude, bent; gift, faculty, talent, knack

ملكوت malakūt realm, kingdom, empire; kingship, royalty, sovereignty | ملكوت السماوات m. as-samāwāt the Kingdom of Heaven (Chr.)

ملكوتي malakūtī divine, heavenly

ملاك malāk, milāk foundation, basis, fundament, essential prerequisite

ملاك milāk (tun.) betrothal, engagement; engagement present (of the fiancé to the prospective bride)

ملوكي mulukī royal, kingly, regal; monarchic; monarchist

ملاك mallākīya monarchic rule, monarchism, kingship, royalty; monarchist leaning

ملاك mallāk pl. -ūn owner, proprietor; landowner, landholder, landed proprietor | كبار الملكين kibār al-m. large landowners

ملاكي mallākī private

مليك malīk pl. ملكاء mulakā’ king; possessor, owner, proprietor

مليكة malīka queen

مملكة mamlaka pl. ممالك mamālik2 kingdom, empire, state, country; royal power, sovereignty

تمليك tamlīk transfer of ownership, conveyance of property, alienation

تملك tamalluk taking possession, occupancy, seizure; possession; right or possession, possessory right, tenure, holding; domination, control, mastery

تمالك tamāluk self-control

امتلاك imtilāk taking possession, occupancy, seizure; possession; right or possession, possessory right, tenure, holding; domination, control, mastery | امتلاك النفس imt. an-nafs self-control

امتلاك imtilāk pl. -āt acquisition; appropriation, taking possession, occupancy, seizure

مالك mālik pl. ملاك mullāk, ملك mullak reigning, ruling; owning, possessing, holding; owner, proprietor, master, possessor, holder | مالك الحزين heron (zool.)

مالكي mālikī Malikite, belonging to the Malikite school of theology; a Maliki

المالكية al-mālikīya the Malikite school of theology

مملوك mamlūk owned (ل by), in possession (ل of), belonging (ل to); (pl. مماليك mamālīk2) white slave, mameluke; Mameluke | غير مملوك incapable of individual possession, (res) extra commercium (Isl. Law)

مملك mumallik assignor, transferor, conveyer, alienator

ممتلك mumtalak owned, in possession; pl. ممتلكات mumtalakāt property; estates, landed property; possessions, dependencies, colonies | ممتلكات اميرية (amīrīya) government property; الممتلكات المستقلة (mustaqilla) the Dominions

ململ malmala to hurry, hasten; to make restless, make fidgety (ه s.o.) II tamalmala to murmur; to mumble, mumble into one’s beard; to grumble, be disgruntled, be angry; to be restlessness, fidgety, nervous; to twitch nervously; to be or become wavering, uncertain

ململة malmala and تململ tamalmul unrest, restlessness, fidgetiness, nervousness

ملنخوليا malakōliyā melancholia

1 ملا (ملو ) malā u (malw) to walk briskly, run II to make (هـ s.o.) enjoy (هـ s.th.) for a long time (said of God) IV to dictate (هـ على to s.o. .s.th.) V to enjoy (من, ب, هـ s.th.) X to take from dictation (هـ s.th.)

ملا malā pl. املاء amlā’ open country, open tract of land; steppe, desert

الملوان al-malawān day and night

ملوة malwa malouah, a dry measure (Eg. = 2 قدح = 4.125 l)

ملي malīy (relatively long) period of time; مليا malīyan for quite a while, for a long time

املاء imlā’ dictation; O transmission (of a telephone message)

2 ملاية milāya pl. -āt (< ملاءة mulā’a) wrap worn by Egyptian women; sheet, bed sheet

ملية malīya pl. ملايا malāyā (tun.) garment of sedouin women

مليار (Fr.) milyār pl. -āt (U.S.) billion, (G.s.) milliard

مليجرام milligrām pl. -āt milligram

مليم (Fr. millième) mallīm, malīm pl. -āt, ملاليم malālīm2 the smallest monetary unit in Egypt (= 1/1000 pound); see also under لوم

مليمتر millīmitr pl. -āt millimeter

مليون malyūn pl. -āt, ملايين malāyīn2 million | اصحاب الملايين millionaires

مم mm. abbreviation of millimeter

مما mimmā, shortened form مم mimma = min mā

ممن mimman = min man

2 من man 1. (interr. pron.) who? which one? which ones? 2. (relative pron.) who; the one who; those who; one who; whoever, whosoever, everyone who, he who

2 من min (prep.) 1. of; some, some of, (a) part of; belonging to, pertaining to, from among | كان من to belong or pertain to, be among …, fall under ...; من ذلك ان (anna) among other things ...; منهم من (man) some of them; منهم من – ومنهم من some of them -- others ..., there are (were) those who -- and others who ...; رجل من قريش (rajul) a man of the Koreish tribe; يوم من الأيام (yaum, ayyām) some day, some day or other; امر من الأمور (amr) s.th. or other, some affair, some business; اكل من الطعام (ṭa‘ām) he ate (a little, some) of the food; ما رايته من الكتب mā ra’aituhū min saling-kutub (what I have seen of the books =) the books I have seen; ما رايته من كتب (what I have seen of books =) what(ever) books I have seen; ما لله من شريك God has no partner whatsoever; ما من احد يقدر (aḥadin yaqdiru) nobody can ...; ما من شخص (šakṣin) there ia absolutely none who ...

consisting of, made of, of (material) | ثوب من حرير (taub) a garment of silk, a silk dress

at, on (time) | من الليل (lail) at night; من يومه (yaumihī) on the very same day; من ساعته at that moment, at once, right away

at, on, by (place) | هزه من منكبه (hazzahū, mankibihī) he shook him by the shoulder

like, as, such as, as for instance; namely, to wit | صفات ازلية من العلم والقدرة والإرادة (ṣifāt azalīya, ‘ilm, qudra, irāda) eternal attributes such as knowledge, power, volition; اذا صح ما قالته الجرائد من ان (ṣaḥḥa) if what the newspapers say is true, namely that ...

in an exclamation: يا طولها من ليلة yā ṭūlahā min lailatin oh, the length of the night! what a long night it is! ما اخفه من حمل mā akaffahū min ḥimlin how light a burden it is! ويحه من مخبول (waiḥahū) woe to this fool!

in relation to, with respect to, toward | مقاصد المانيا من تركيا Germany’s intentions as far as Turkey is concerned

substituting for an accusative (originally, in a partitive sense): اذكى ذلك من فضولها this kindled her curiosity

2. from, away from, out of, from the direction of | اخرج من هنا ukruj min hunā get out of here! جاء من بغداد he came from Baghdad; من طرف (ṭarafi) and من قبل (qibal) on the part of, on the side of, from, by; من -- الى from -- (up) to; كان منه واليه (wa-ilaihi) to depend entirely on s.o., he inseparable from s.o., appertain to s.o.; ما كان منهم what share they had in ..., to what extent they were involved in ..., what part they played in …

from, beginning , starting ..., since, for; after | من شهر (šahr) for a month (past), since one month ago; من مدة (mudda) for some time (in the past); بعد ايام من هذه الحوادث (ba‘da ayyāmin) a few days after these events

of, by, at, about (denoting the source of one’s fear, fright, alarm, apprehension, etc.). e.g., فزع من, خاف من etc.

against, from (with verb, denoting protection, defense, warning, freeing, exemption), e.g., منعه من, حماه من, حرره من, اعفاه من , etc.

through, by, via, (with verb, of motion to denote the way, route, or means) | دخل من الباب he entered through the gate; من طريق الراديو by radio

than (with the comparative) | اقوى من aqwā min an too strong as to ..., too strong for ...

due to, owing to, for, because of; at, about (with verbs denoting emotions; as, for instance, “be amazed”, “be delighted”, “he glad”, etc.), e.g., تعجب من, دهش من , etc.

by, through (with the passive to indicate the doer, agent, perpetrator)

as to compounds such as من بعد, من حيث, من دون, من غير, من قبل see under the second word

3 من manna u (mann) to he kind, kindly, benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (على to or toward, s.o.); to show, grant, or do s.o. (على ) a favor, bestow blessings, benefits, favors (على upon s.o.); to grant, award, present, give (ب على to s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow graciously (ب على upon s.o. s.th.), bless (ب على s.o. with), inspire (ب على s.o. with; of God) IV to tire, fatigue, weaken (ه s.o.), sap the strength (على of s.o.) V do. VIII to be kind, kindly, benign, gracious, benevolent, obliging (على to or toward s.o.), to show, grant, or do s.o. (على ) a favor, bestow blessings, benefits, favors (على upon s.o.); to bestow or confer most graciously (ب على upon s.o. s.th.), kindly grant, award, or give (ب على to s.o. s.th.)

من mann gracious bestowal; favor; benefit, blessing, boon; gift, present, largess; honeydew; manna; (pl. امنان amnān) a weight of 2 رطل raṭl | بمنه تعالى by the grace of God

منة minna pl. منن minan grace; kindness, kindliness, good will, friendliness, amiability, graciousness, benevolence, benignity; favor, act of kindness, benefit, blessing, boon, gift, present

من munna pl. منن munan strength, vigor, stamina | شديد المنة strong, vigorous, sturdy

منان mannān kind, kindly, benign, gracious; munificent, liberal, generous; benefactor; المنان (one of the attributes of God) the Benefactor

منون manūn fate, destiny; fate of death, death

امتنان grateful obligation, indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude

ممنون indebted, obligated, obliged, grateful, thankful (ل to s.o.); weak, languid

ممنونية mamnūnīya grateful obligation, indebtedness, obligedness, gratitude

ممتن mumtann indebted. much obliged (ل to s.o.)

منتول mintūl menthol

منجنيق manjanīq f., pl. -āt, مجانق majāniq2 mangonel, ballista, catapult

منجو mangū mango

منح manaḥa a (manḥ) to grant, give, accord, award (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer (هـ ه upon s.o. s.th.) III to bestow favor (ه upon s.o.)

منح manḥ granting, giving, donation, bestowal, conferment, award(ing)

منحة minḥa pl. منح minaḥ act of kindness; privilege; gift, present, donation, grant, favor, benefit, benefaction; compensation; remuneration, allowance, indemnity (jur.); scholarship, stipend | منحة الإقامة m. al-iqāma living allowance; منحة جامعية (jāmi‘īya) academic scholarship; منحة السكنى m. as-suknā housing allowance, rent allowance

مانح māniḥ donor, giver, granter

1 مندل mandal see ندل

2 منديل mandīl, mindīl pl. مناديل manādīl2 kerchief; handkerchief; head kerchief

منذ mundu and مذ mud 1. (prep.) since, for; ago | منذ شهر (šahr) for a month (past), since one month ago; a month ago; منذ ايام (ayyām) for the past few days; a few days ago; منذ عقد قريب (‘aqd) of late, lately, recently; منذ الآن (āna) from now on, henceforth; منذ اليوم (yaum) as of today, from this day on

2. (conj.) since, ever since, from the time when | منذ كنت طفلا صغيرا (ṭiflan) since I was a small child

بحر المنش baḥr al-manš the Sea of Le Manche, i.e., the English Channel

منشوبية manšūbīya (from Copt. manšōpi) cell, living quarters (Copt.-Chr.)

منشوري manšūrī Manchurian

منصون manṣūn monsoon

منطر manṭara to threw down, toss down

منطق manṭaqa to gird (ب هـ s.th. with) II to gird o.s., swathe o.s. (ب with), wind around one’s body (ب s.th.)

منطوفلة manṭūfla (syr.) slipper

منع mana‘a a (man‘) to stop, detain, keep from entering or passing (ه s.o.); to hinder, prevent (هـ s.th.; من or عن ه s.o. from), keep, restrain, hold back (ه s.o. من or عن from); to bar, block, obstruct (هـ ه s.o.’s way or access to); to withdraw, take away (من or عن or هـ ه from s.o. s.th.), deprive (من or عن or هـ ه s.o. of); to forbid, interdict (من or عن or هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), prohibit (من or عن or هـ ه s.o. from); to decline to accept, declare impossible or out of the question (ان that); to refuse, deny (عن هـ or ه هـ s.th. to s.o.), withhold (عن هـ or ه هـ s.th. from s.o.); to stop, cease (هـ doing s.th., عن with regard to s.o.), abstain, refrain (هـ from doing s.th., عن with regard to s.o.); to ward off, avert, keep, keep away (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.); to protect, guard (من ه s.o. from), defend (ه s.o., هـ s.th., عن against); -- manu‘a u (مناع manā‘, مناعة manā‘a) to be strongly fortified, inaccessible, impregnable; to be unconquerable, invincible, insurmountable II to fortify, strengthen, make inaccessible (هـ s.th.) III to put up resistance, act in opposition (ه to s.o.), oppose, counteract (ه s.o.), work against s.o. (ه ); to stand up, rise (ه against s.o.); to resist, oppose (في s.th.), offer resistance, object, raise objections (في to s.th.), revolt, rebel (في against s.th.); to refuse, deny (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) V to refuse, decline (عن to do s.th.); to desist, refrain, abstain, keep (عن from s.th., from doing s.th.), forbear, leave off (عن s.th.), stop, cease (عن doing s.th.), avoid (عن s.th. or doing s.th.); to be or become inaccessible, unassailable, impregnable; to strengthen, grow in strength; to seek protection (ب with or in) VIII to refrain, abstain, keep (عن from doing s.th.), forbear (عن s.th.), stop, cease (عن doing s.th.); to be prevented (عن from); to be impossible (على for s.o.); to refuse (عن to do s.th.), decline, turn down (عن s.th.); to refuse to have anything to do (على with), keep aloof (على from)

منع man‘ hindering, impeding, obstruction; prevention, obviation, preclusion; prohibition, interdiction, ban, injunction; closure, stop, discontinuation, embargo; withdrawal, deprival, dispossession; withholding, detention

منعة manra resistance, power, force, vigor, strength, stamina, insuperability, invincibility

منيع manī‘ pl. منعاء muna‘ā’ unapproachable, inaccessible, impervious, impenetrable, forbidding; well-fortified; mighty, strong, powerful; impregnable, unconquerable; insurmountable, insuperable, invincible, immune | منيع الجانب strong, unassailable; حاجز منيع insurmountable barrier

مناعة manā‘a inaccessibility; strength, impregnability; hardiness, sturdiness, power of resistance; immunity (to a disease, also dipl.); imperviousness, impermeability, impenetrability, forbiddingness

امنع amna‘2 harder to get at, more forbidding; offering greater resistance

ممانعة mumāna‘a opposition; resistance, revolt, rebellion; O inductive resistance (el.)

تمنع tamannu‘ rejection, refusal

امتناع imtinā‘ refraining, abstention (عن from); refusal, denial; impossibility

مانع māni‘ hindering, forbidding, etc., see 1; preventive; prohibitive; - (pl. موانع mawāni‘2) hindrance, obstacle, obstruction; impediment; a preventive, preservative, prophylactic; objection; (pl. -āt) O cutout, anti-interference device (radio) | ما رأى مانعا (ra’ā) to have no objections; لا مانع māni‘a there is nothing in the way, nothing prevents me (you, etc.) from (عن )

ممنوع mamnā‘ forbidden, prohibited, banned, interdicted; indeclinable (gram.) | ممنوع التدخين no smoking! ممنوع الدخول no admittance! keep out! off limits!

ممنوعية mamnū‘īya forbiddenness

ممتنع mumtani‘ refraining, abstaining, forbearing; rejecting, refusing; prevented; forbidden, interdicted, prohibited, banned; inaccessible (على to s.o.); forbidding, inscrutable, impenetrable, elusive; difficult to imitate; impossible

منغنيس manganīs manganese

منغوليا mungūliyā Mongolia

منفيلا (It. manovella) manafella crank

منلوج manalōg see منولوج

(منو and منى) منا manā u (manw) and منى manā i (many) to put to the test, try, tempt, afflict (ب ه s.o. with; of God); pass. مني muniya to be afflicted (ب with), be sorely tried (ب by), suffer, sustain, undergo, experience (ب s.th.), be affected, hit, smitten, stricken (ب by); to find by good luck, be so fortunate as to find (ل s.th.) II to awaken the desire (ب or هـ ه in s.o. for), make s.o. (ه ) wish (ب or هـ for); to make (ه s.o.) hope (ب or هـ for), give (ه s.o.) reason to hope (ب or هـ for), raise hopes (ب or هـهـ of) in s.o. (ه ); to promise (ان, ب ه s.o. that) | منى نفسه ب (nafsahū) to indulge in the hope of ..., have every hope that IV to shed (هـ blood); to emit, ejaculate (هـ sperm) V to desire (هـ s.th.), wish (هـ for s.th.; هـ ل s.o. s.th.) X to practice onanism, masturbate

منى manan and منية manīya pl. منايا manāyā fate, destiny, lot; fate of death; death

منى minan semen, sperm

منوي minawī seminal, spermatic

منى minan m. and minā f. the valley of Mina near Mecca

منية munya, minya pl. منى munan wish, desire; object of desire

امنية umnīya pl. امان amānin, اماني amānīy wish, demand, claim, desire, longing, aspiration

تمنية tamniya and امناء imnā’ emission, ejaculation of the sperm

تمن tamannin pl. -āt wish; desire; request

استمناء istimnā’ self-pollution, masturbation, onanism

منولوج manolōj, monolōg pl. -āt monologue; (cabaret) act | منولوجات فكاهية (fukāhīya) skits, comic sketches, music-hall songs

منومتر manūmitr pl. -āt manometer, pressure gauge

المنيا al-minyā El Minya (city in central Egypt)

مهجة muhja pl. مهج muhaj, مهجات muhajāt lifeblood, heartblood; heart; innermost self, intrinsic nature, core; soul; life | طعنت الآمال في مهجتها (ṭu‘inat) hopes received the deathblow

مهد II to spread out evenly (هـ s.th.); to smooth, smoothen (هـ s.th.); to pave (هـ a road); to flatten, plane, make even or level (هـ s.th.): to arrange, settle, straighten, put in order (هـ s.th.); to free from obstacles, clear, pave (هـ s.th.; esp., the way, ل for or to); to make easy, facilitate, ease, make easily accessible (هـ ل to s.o. s.th.): to get ready, prepare (هـ s.th.), make (هـ a bed, etc.); to pass (الكرة al-kurata the ball, ل to s.o.); (verb alone, without qualifying direct object) to pave, open, clear, or prepare the way (ب ل for s.th. by or with), open, prepare, begin, start, initiate, bring about, set in motion (ب ل s.th. by or with) V to be paved, be clear or cleared, be or become open (way); to be or get settled or arranged; to go smoothly, go well, come off well; to be in order, be put in order, get straightened out

مهد mahd pl. مهود muhūd bed; cradle | من المهد على اللحد (laḥd) from cradle to grave; قتله في مهده to nip s.th. in the bud; كان في مهد to be still in its beginnings or infancy, not have progressed beyond the early stages

مهاد mihād place of rest, resting place; bed; bosom, pale, fold (fig., in which s.th. rests)

تمهيد tamhīd smoothing, leveling, paving; facilitation, easing; preparation; foreword, preface, proem; introduction; preliminaries | تمهيد ل in order to facilitate ...; in preparation of ..., as a preliminary step toward ..., for the purpose of ...

تمهيدي tamhīdī introductory, prefatory, preliminary, preparatory | اجراءات تمهيدية (ijrā’āt) preliminaries; preliminary proceedings (jur.); حكم تمهيدي (ḥukm) interlocutory decree, interlocutory judgment (jur.); قرار تمهيدي (qarār) provisional in, junction, temporary restra.ining order (jur.); شرح تمهيدي (šarh) prefatory remarks

ممهد mumahhad leveled, smoothed, smooth, even, level; well-ordered, wellarranged, well-prepared; prepared, cleared, open (way); paved (road)

مماهد mumāhad paved, improved (road)

1 مهر mahara u a (mahr, مهار mahār, مهارة mahāra, مهور muhūr) to be skillful, adroit, dexterous, skilled, adept, proficient, expert, experienced, seasoned; -- u a (mahr) to give a dower (ها to the bride) III to vie in skill (ه with s.o.) IV to give a dower (ها to the bride)

مهر mahr pl. مهور muhūr dower, bridal money; price, stake; ransom

مهر muhr, pl. امهار amhār, مهارة mihāra foal, colt

مهرة muhra pl. مهر muhar, مهرات muharāt filly

مهارة mahāra skillfulness, adroitness, dexterity, skill, expertness, proficiency, adeptness

ماهر māhir pl. مهرة mahara skillful, adroit, dexterous, skilled, proficient, adept, expert, practiced, experienced, seasoned

2 مهر muhr seal, signet; stamp

مهردار muhrәdār keeper of the seal

مهرجان mahrajān, mihrajān pl. -āt festival, festivity, celebration | مهرجان بريطانيا Festival of Britain

مهك mahaka a (mahk) to grind, crush, bruise, pound

مهكة makha, muhka freshness of youth, bloom of youth

مهل mahala a (mahl, مهلة muhla) to tarry, dawdle, be slow, take one’s time (في in s.th.) II and IV to give (ه s.o.) time, grant (ه s.o.) a respite or delay V to be slow, proceed slowly and deliberately (في in s.th.) | تمهل في خطاه (kuṭāhu) to slacken one’s pace; تمهل يقول he said slowly VI = V; X to ask (ه s.o.) for a respite; to ask (ه s.o.) to wait

مهل mahl, mahal slowness, leisureliness, ease; leisure; مهلا mahlan slowly, leisurely, in no hurry | على مهل slowly, leisurely, in no hurry; مهلك mahlaka easy does it! take it easy! على مهلك take it easy! take your time!

مهلة muhla respite, delay; time limit for a decision, time to think s.th. over

مهيلة muhaila large boat (ir.)

امهال imhāl grant of respite, concession of a delay

امهالي imhālī tending to delay, dilatory

تمهل tamahhul slowness deliberateness | بتمهل slowly; gradually

متمهل mutamahhil slow, deliberate, leisurely, unburned, easy

متماهل mutamāhil leisurely, comfortable, easy, unhurried, slow

مهما mahmā (conj.) whatever, whatsoever; no matter how much, however much, much as ...; whenever | مهما يكن من الأمر (yakun, amr) whatever the case may be, be it as it may

مهن mahana u a (mahn, مهنة mahna) to serve (ه s.o.); to humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating manner (ه s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common service, wear out by use (هـ s.th.); -- mahuna u (مهانة mahāna) to be despicable, base, low, mean, menial III to practice (هـ a profession) VIII to humble, degrade, treat in a humiliating manner (ه s.o.); to revile (ه s.o.); to despise (ه s.o.); to employ for menial services (ه s.o.); to hackney, wear out in common service, wear out by use (هـ s.th.); to practice professionally, as a trade (هـ s.th.)

مهنة mihna pl. مهن mihan work, job, occupation, calling, vocation, profession, trade, business

مهني mihnī professional, vocational; gainfully employed | الإرشاد المهني (iršād) vocational guidance

مهين mahīn pl. مهناء muhanā’2 despised, despicable, contemptible, vile

امتهان imtihān degradation, humiliation, contempt, disdain; abuse, misuse, improper treatment

ماهن māhin pl. مهان muhhān menial servant

مهاة mahāh pl. مهوات mahawāt, مهيات mahayāt wild cow

1 ماء (موء ) mā’a u (مواء muwā’) to mew, miaow

مواء muwā’ mewing, miaow (of a cat)

2 ماء and مائي see موء

موبيليات mōbīlīyāt (pl.) furniture

مات (موت ) māta u (maut) to die; to perish; to lose life, become dead; to abate, subside, die down, let up (wind, heat) II and IV to make (ه s.o.) die, let (ه s.o.) perish; to kill, put to death (ه s.o.); to be the death of s.o. (ه ), cause the death of s.o. (ه ) IV to mortify (نفسه o.s., one’s flesh); to suppress, deaden (هـ s.th.) VI to feign death, pretend to be dead; to feign weakness; to be sluggish, listless, slack (في in s.th.) X to seek death; to defy death, sacrifice o.s., risk one’s life; to strive desperately (في for), make desperate efforts <..i in order to); to tight desperately

موت maut and موتة mauta death; decease, demise | موت ابيض (abyaḍ) natural death

موات mawāt that which is lifeless an inanimate thing; barren, uncultivated land, wasteland

موتان mautāni, mūtān dying, death; epidemic, plague

ميت mayit, mait pl. اموات amwāt, موتى mautā lifeless inanimate, dead, deceased

ميتة maita corpse, carcass, carrion; meat of an animal not slaughtered in accordance with ritual requirements (Isl. Law)

ميتة mīta manner of death | ميتة الأبطال death of a hero, death in battle

ممات mamāt place where s.o. died; decease, death

اماتة imāta killing; mortification (of the flesh)

استماتة istimāta death defiance; desperate effort, desperate struggle (في for)

مائت mā’it dying, moribund, mortal

مميت mumīt lethal, fatal, mortal, deadly | خاطئة مميتة (kāṭi’a) mortal sin

ممات mumāt antiquated, obsolete

مستميت mustamīt death-defying, reckless, heroin; martyr; suffering a martyr’s death

موتوسيكل (Fr. motocycle) mōtōsīkil pl. -āt motorcycle

ماج (موج ) māja u (mauj, موج mawajān) to heave, swell, roll, surge (sea); to be excited, agitated (ب by) II to ripple (هـ the surface of water, etc.); to wave (هـ the hair) V = I; to rise in waves; to ripple, be rippled (as, the surface of water); to undulate, move in undulations; to sway, roll VI to be waved, be undulate; to form an undulating line (حول around); to flow, flood, swell, surge

موج mauj pl. امواج amwāj billows, surges, seas, breakers; waves; ripples; -- (n. un. موجة mauja pl. -āt) billow, surge, sea, breaker; wave; ripple; oscillation, vibration, undulation | موج طويل long wave (radio); موج قصير short wave (radio); موج متوسط (mutawassiṭ) medium wave (radio); امواج صوتية (ṣauṭīya) sound waves; امواج مستمرة (mustamirra) continuous waves; امواج مضمحلة (muḍmaḥilla) damped waves; امواج منعكسة (mun‘akisa) reflected waves, indirect waves; امواج (muwajjaha) directional beams (radio); O موجة حارة (ḥārra) heat wave, hot spell; موجة الشباب m. aš-šabāb bloom of youth, freshness of youth; سعة الموجة sa‘at al-m. amplitude; طول الموجة ṭūl al-m. wave length (radio); موجة استنكار a wave of disapproval

مواج mawwāj undulating, undulant; surging, rolling; waved, undulated, undulate; O (pl. -āt) transmitter (radio)

تمويج tamwīj waving (of the hair) | التمويج على البارد cold wave, permanent wave

تموج tamawwuj pl. -āt oscillation, vibration; undulation, undulant motion; swaying, rolling | تموجات صوتية (ṣautīya) sound waves; O تموج الهواء t. al-hawā’ atmospheric vibrations

مائج mā’ij surging, swelling, rolling, tumultuous, stormy, high (sea)

مموج mumawwaj undulated, undulate, waved, wavy, wavelike, undulatory

متموج mutamawwij surging, rolling, undulating, undulant, wavelike, undulatory; wavy (hair) | الحمى المتموجة (ḥummā) undulant fever, Malta fever, brucellosis (med.)

متماوج mutamāwij undulate, waved, wavy, rippled; curled

مودة mōda pl. -āt fashion, style; fashionable; pl. hat fashions, millinery | على المودة of the latest fashion, fashionable, modish, stylish

مودل mōdel or موديل mōdēl pl. -āt model, pattern

1 مار (مور ) māra u (maur) to move to and fro, move from side to side V do.

موار mawwār O pendulum

تمور tamawwur swaying, swinging motion; تمورا to and fro, back and forth

2 مار look up alphabetically and under مر marra

3 المورة al-mōra Morea, Poloponnesus

موراتزم mūrātizm (eg.) rheumatism

موراني mūrānī (syr.) = ماروني look up alphabetically

مورفين murfīn morphine

مورينة mūrīna pl. -āt wooden beam, rafter

موز mauz (call.; n. un. ة ) banana

1 ماس mās diamond (cf. الماس alphabetically)

ماسي māsī diamond (used attributively)

2 موسى mūsā f., pl. مواس mawāsin, امواس amwās straight razor

3 موسى mūsā Moses | سمك موسى samak m. plaice, flounder (zool.)

موسوي mūsawī Mosaic(al)

موسطردة (It. mostarda) musṭarda mustard

موسكو moskū, moskō Moscow

موسيقار mūsīqār musician

موسيقى mīsīqa (f.) music

موسيقي mūsīqī musician; musical | آلة موسيقية musical instrument

ماش māš (n. un. ة ) leguminous plant with black edible grains, Indian pea (Phaseolus max. L.; bot.)

الموصل al-maṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq)

موضه (= موده ) mōḍa fashion, style

موق see مأق

1 مول II to make rich, enrich (ه s.o.); to finance (هـ s.th.) V to be financed; to become rich, wealthy X to become rich, wealthy

مال mal pl. اموال amwāl property, possessions, chattels, goods; wealth, affluence; fortune, estate; money; income, revenue; assets, capital, stock, fund; (eg.) tax, esp., land tax; (Isl. Law) marketable title; pl. property, assets, chattels, goods; pecuniary resources, funds; taxes | ذو مال wealthy, rich; مال احتياطي (iḥtyāṭī) reserve fund; مال الاطيان (eg.) land tax; مال الحرام m. al-ḥarām ill-gotten gain; مال الحكومة (eg.) taxes; اموال مقررة (muqarrara) direct taxes; مال نقلي (naqlī) or مال منقول movable property, movables (Isl. Law); مال ثابت landed property, real property, immovables; مال غير متقوم (mutaqawwim) thing without commercial value (Isl. Law); امين المال treasurer; بيت المال bait al-m. (public) treasury; رأس مال etc., see رأس

مالي mālī monetary, pecuniary, financial; finance (in compounds); fiscal; financier, capitalist | بت مالي (bait) finance house, banking house; تضخم مالي (taḍakkum) inflation; سنة مالية (sana) fiscal year; غرامة مالية (garāma) or عقوبة مالية a fine

مالية mālīya monetary affairs, finance, public revenue; finances, financial situation | وزارة المالية finance ministry, treasury department

موال mawwāl pl. -ūn (ir.) financier, capitalist

تمويل tamwīl financing; (eg.) tax-paying

ممول mumawwil pl. -ūn (eg.) taxpayer

ممول mumawwal propertied, wealthy, rich

متمول mutamawwil rich, wealthy, well-to-do; financier, capitalist

2 موال mawwāl pl. مواويل mawāwīl2 a poem in colloquial language, often sung to the accompaniment of a reed pipe

مواليا mawāliyā do.

موم mūm wax

مومياء mūmiyā’, مومية mūmiya pl. -āt mummy

مان (مون ) māna u (maun, مؤنة mu’na) and II to provision. supply with provisions (ه s.o.); to provide, furnish, supply (ب هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. with) V to store up provisions, lay in provisions, provision o.s.

مونة mūna provisions; (eg.) mortar

تموين tamwīn food supply, provisioning; supply; replenishment

موانيء pl. ميناء

مونيخ mūnīk Munich

ماه (موه ) māha u (mauh) to mix (ب هـ s.th. with); -- u a (mauh, مؤوه mu’ūh, ماهة māha) to abound in water II to abound in water; to pour water (هـ into), admix water (هـ to); to thin, dilute, water down, adulterate (هـ s.th.); to falsify (هـ, على s.th.), misrepresent (هـ s.th.); to feign, affect (على ب s.th. toward s.o.); to camouflage (هـ s.th.; Syr., mil.); to coat, overlay, plate (ب هـ a base metal with gold or silver) IV to add water (هـ to)

ماء mā’ pl. مياه miyāh, امواه amwāh water; liquid, fluid; juice | كالماء الجاري fluently, smoothly, like clockwork; ماء ابيض (abyaḍ) cataract (eye disease); ماء الزهر m. az-zahr orange-blossom water;ماء الشباب m. aš-šabāb freshness of youth, prime of youth; ماء عذب (‘adb) fresh water, potable water; ماء غازي pl. مياه غازية carbonated water, mineral water; ماء الكولونيا Eau de Cologne; ماء الوجه m. al-wajh honor, decency, modesty, self-respect; اراق ماء وجهه arāqa mā’a wajhihī to sacrifice one’s honor, abase o.s.; to dishonor, disgrace s.o.; بذل ماء وجهه do.; ماء الورد m. al-ward rose water; مياه اقليمية (iqlīmīya) territorial waters; مياه الأمطار m. al-amṭār rain water; مياه جوفية (jaufīya) ground water; مياه ساحلية (sāḥilīya) coastal waters; بنو ماء السماء banū m. as-samā’ the Arabs

ماهي māhī and ماوي māwī watery, aqueous, aquatic

مائي mā’ī aquatic, water; liquid, fluid; hydraulic

ماهية look up alphabetically

ماوية māwīya and مائية mā’īya juice, sap

تمويه tamwīh coating, plating; clothing, attire, garb; overfilling; feigning, pretending, affectation; camouflage (syr., mil.); distortion (of facts), misrepresentation, falsification | كأس التمويه ka’s at-t. overfull cup

تمويهي tamwīhī feigned, sham, mock, make-believe | غارة تمويهية mock attack, feint

ماوية see موه

ميت and ميتة see موت

ماح (ميح ) māḥa i (maiḥ, ميحوحة maiḥūḥa) to strut, walk with affected dignity; to waddle V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to swing X to ask (هـ ه s.o. a favor), request (هـ s.th.) | استماح عذرا من (‘udran) to apologize for s.th.

ماد (ميد ) māda i (maid, ميدان mayadān) to be moved, shaken, upset, shocked; to sway; to swing; to feel giddy, be dizzy; ماد ب to shake s.th. violently VI to sway back and forth, swing from side to side

ميدة mīda pl. ميد miyad (eg.) lintel, breastsummer (arch.)

ميداء mīdā’ measure, amount, length, distance; mīdā’a (prep.) in front of, opposite, facing

ميدان maidān, mīdān pl. ميادين mayādīn2 square, open place, open tract; field; arena; battleground, battlefield; combat area, fighting zone; race course, race track; playground (fig.); field, domain, line, sphere of activity | ميدان التدريب drill ground; military training center; ميدان الحرب m. al-ḥarb theater of war; ميدان السباق race course, race track; ميدان العمل m. al-‘amal field of activity, scope of action; ميدان القتال battlefield; خرج من ميدان العمل to be put out of servi-šce or commission; ظهر في الميدان to turn up, appear on the scene; في ميدان الشرف m. iš-šaraf on the field of honor; مدافع الميدان fieldpieces, field guns, infantry howitzers

مائد mā’id pl. ميدى maidā dizzy, seasick

مائدة mā’ida pl. -āt, موائد mawā’id2 table | مائدة التشريح operating table; مائدة الزينة m. az-zīna dressing table; مائدة السفرة m. as-sufra dining table

مداليون madāliyōn medallion

1 مار (مير ) māra i (mair) and IV to provide (عياله ‘iyālahū for one’s family)

ميرة mīra pl. مير miyar provisions, supplies, stores

ميار mayyār caterer, purveyor, supplier

2 ميري mīrī (= اميري ) public, governmental, government-, satate- (in compounds); fiscal; الميري the government, the fiso, the exchequer | مال الميري government taxes; املاك الميري government land

ميرآلاى mīrālāy (formerly, Eg.) colonel

ميرلواء mīrliwā’ (Ir.) brigadier general

3 مير (Fr. maire) mēr pl. اميار amyār (magr.) mayor

ميرون mairūn chrism (Chr.)

ماز (ميز ) māza i (maiz) to separate, keep apart (بين two things); to distinguish, honor, favor (ه s.o.) II to confer distinction (ه upon s.o.), distinguish, commend, honor, favor (ه s.o., عن above s.o. else, also على ); to distinguish, set aside, cause to stand out (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., عن from); to prefer (عن هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. to); to separate, segregate, set apart, single out, select, choose, pick (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to grant a special right or privilege (ه to s.o.), privilege (ه s.o.); to distinguish, differentiate, discriminate (عن هـ, ه s.o., s.th. from, also من; بين between two things, one thing from another) IV to distinguish, mark (هـ s.th.); to prefer (هـ s.th.) V to be set apart, be separated

or separate, be distinct, be distinguished, be differentiated; to distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be marked, stand out; to be marked out with distinction, be honored, be favored; to be preferred | تميز غيظا (gaiẓan) to burst with anger VI to distinguish o.s. (في in); to differ VIII to distinguish o.s. (ب by, في in s.th., عن or على above s.o. or s.th., من as compared with s.o. or s.th.); to be distinguished, be marked (ب by); to be characterized, be signalized (ب by); to excel, surpass, outdo, outshine (عن or على s.o. or s.th.); to have the advantage, take preference (على over), be preferred (على to); to differ (من or على from s.o., في or ب in, in that ...)

ميز maiz distinction; favoring, preferment

ميزة mīza peculiarity, distinguishing feature, distinctive mark, essential property, characteristic; prerogative, priority right

اميز amyaz 2 preferable (على to)

تمييز tamyīz distinction; preference; preferment, favoring, favoritism, preferential treatment; privileging; partiality; separation, segregation, sifting, singling out; specification (gram.); differentiation; discrimination, judgment, discretion, common sense; realization, discernment, conscious perception; deliberate intention | سن التمييز sinn at-t. age of discretion (jur.); محكمة التمييز maḥkamat at-t. court of cassation (Syr.); من غير تمييز unwittingly, unintentionally, with no definite purpose in mind; اخرجه عن دائرة التمييز (akrajahū) to deprive s.o. of his clear judgment, rob s.o. of his senses

امتياز imtiyāz pl. -āt distinction, (mark of) honor; advantage, benefit, merit; difference, distinction, differentiation, discrimination; special right, privilege; concession, patent, permit, license, franchise; (oil) concession; prerogative, priority right | الامتيازات الأجنبية (ajnabiya) the capitulations (of Western powers in the Orient) ; الامتيازات الدبلوماسية diplomatic privileges; صاحب الامتياز holder of the concession, concessionaire, responsible publisher of a newspaper

مميز mumayyiz distinguishing, distinctive; characteristic, peculiar, proper; discriminating, discerning, reasonable, rational (Isl. Law)

مميزة mumayyiza pl. -āt distinguishing feature, distinctive mark, characteristic trait, peculiarity; distinction, (mark of) honor; advantage, merit

مميز mumayyaz distinguished, preferred, favored, privileged; distinct, separate, special

متميز mutamayyiz distinguished, distingue; marked, notable, prominent, outstanding, characterized by distinctive traits, characteristic

ممتاز mumtāz distinguished, differentiated; exquisite, select, choice, rare; outstanding, superior, first-rate, first-class, top-notch, exceptional, excellent; privileged; special, extra; (as an examination grade) passed with distinction, excellent | درجة ممتازة (daraja) special class; ديون ممتازة (duyūn) privileged debts, preferred debts; عدد ممتاز (‘adad) special issue (of a periodical)

ميزانين (It. mezzanino) mēzānīn mezzanine

ماس (ميس ) māsa i (mais, ميسان mayasān) to move to and fro, swing from side to side; to walk with a proud, swinging gait V to walk with a proud, swinging gait

ميس mais proud gait; proud bearing

ميس mīs pl. امياس amyās (eg.) target

مياس mayyās walking with a lofty, proud gait, strutting

2 ميس (Engl. mess), ميس الضباط m. aḍ-ḍubbāṭ officers mess

ماط (ميط ) māṭa i (maiṭ, ميطان mayaṭān) to remove, pull away, draw back (هـ s.th.) IV do. | اماط اللثام عن to disolose, uncover, reveal s.th., bring s.th. to light

ماع (ميع ) mā‘a i (mai‘ to flow; to spread; to melt, dissolve (fat) II to soften, attenuate, dilute, liquefy (هـ s.th.) IV to melt, liquefy (هـ s.th.) V and VII to be melted, melt, dissolve

ميع mai‘ flowing, flow; liquidity, fluidity

ميعة mai‘a storax, a kind of incense obtained from the storax tree, resin of the storax tree (Styrax offioinalis); prime, bloom (of youth); indulgence, compliance; unstableness, unsteadiness

ميوعة muyū‘a liquid state; unstableness, unsteadiness

اماعة imā‘a melting, liquefaction

تميع tamayyu‘ liquescence, liquefaction

مائع mā’i‘ melting, liquid, fluid; liquescent, semiliquid; vague (expression); undecided, pending. in flux (situation)

ميكا (Engl.) mica

ميكاني mikānī mechanical, mechanize

ميكانيكا mīkānīkāhlnlhl meohanios

ميكانيكي mīkānīkī mechanical, automatic, mechanized, mechanic; motorized; a mechanic

ميكروب mikrūb pl. -āt microbe

ميكروفون mikrōfōn pl. -āt microphone

1 مال (ميل ) mīla i (mail, ميلان mayalān) to bend, bend down (الى to; على over); to bow down, lean over, turn (على to s.o.); to incline, slope, slant, tilt, tip, be inclined, slanting, oblique; to incline, tend. be favorably disposed (الى to), have a predilection, a liking, an inclination, a propensity (الى for), feel sympathy (الى for). sympathize (الى with), favor (الى s.o.); to take side, to side (مع with), be partial, biased, prejudiced; to lean (على against); to revolt, rebel (على against), be hostile (على to s.o.); to be disinclined, be averse (عن to s.th.); to have an antipathy, a distaste, a dislike (عن for); to deviate, digress, turn away, depart (عن from); مال به الى to drag or take s.o. or s.th. along to ...; -- (ميول muyūl) to prepare to set (sun); to decline, draw to its end (day, night); -- ميل mayila a (mayal) to be bent, bowed, tilted, averted, turned aside II and IV to incline, tip, tilt, bend, bow (هـ s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) inclined, sympathetic or favorably disposed (نحو or الى to s.o., to s.th.), incline, dispose (ه s.o.’s mind نحو or الى to), fill (ه s.o.) with sympathy (الى for); to make (ه s.o.) disinclined or averse (عن to), turn s.o.’s mind (ه ) away from (عن ), alienate (عن ه s.o. from) V and VI to reel, totter, stagger; to waver (tone); to sway, swing X to cause to incline, incline, tip, tilt (هـ s.th., الى to or toward); to win (ه s.o., also القلوب the hearts), attract, win over, bring to one’s side (ه s.o.), gain favor (ه with s.o.), win s.o.’s (ه ) affection

ميل mail pl. ميول muyūl, اميال amyāl inclination, tilt; bend, turn, deflection; obliqueness, obliquity, slant; slope, incline, declivity; deviation, divergence, declination (astron.); affection (الى for), attachment (الى to); predilection, liking, sympathy (الى for); propensity, disposition, bent, leaning, inclination, taste, desire, wish, longing; tendency, trend, drift (الى to, toward)

ميال mayyāl inclined, favorably disposed (الى to), leaning (الى toward); in favor (الى of), biased (الى toward or for)

اميل amyal2 more inclined, strongly inclined (الى to), more in favor (الى of)

امالة imāla pronunciation of a shaded toward e (gram.)

تمايل tamāyul reel(ing), swaying, tottering, stagger(ing), waver(ing); vibration

مائل mā’il inclining (الى to or toward); bending down, bowing down, leaning over; bent, tilted; sloping, declivitous (terrain); inclined, slanting, oblique | سطح مائل (saṭḥ) inclined plane (math.)

2 ميل mīl pl. اميال amyāl mile (= 4000 ذراع ); milestone | ميل بحري (baḥrī) nautical mile, knot

3 ميلي milli-, 1/1000 (in measures)

مان (مين ) māna i (main) to lie, tell a lie

مين main pl. ميون muyūn lie, falsehood, untruth

ميان mayyān and مائن mā’in liar

1 ميناء mīnā and ميناء mīnā’ glaze, glazing; enamel (of the teeth; as a coating of metal, glass, or pottery); (pl. موانئ mawāni’) dial (of a watch or clock) | مطلى بالمينا (maṭlīy) enamel-coated, enameled

2 ميناء mīnā’ f. and مينة mīna pl. موان mawānin, مين miyan port, harbor, anchorage | ميناء جوية (jawwīya) airport

ن

نابلس nābulus2 Nablus (town in W Jordan)

نابلي nābulī or نابولي nābūlī Napoli, Naples (seaport in S Italy)

نارجيل nārajīl coconut(s) (coll.)

نارجيلة nārajīla (n. un.) coconut; Persian water pipe, narghile

ناردين nāradīn nard, spikenard

نارنج naranj bitter orange

نازي nāzī Nazi

نازية nāzīya Nazism

ناس nās men, people, folks (cf. انس )

ناسوت nāsūt human nature, humanity

1 نأم na’ama i a to sound, resound, ring out; to groan, moan

نأمة na’ma noise, sound, tone

2 نؤوم na’um see نوم

ناموس nāmūs pl. نواميس nawāmīs2 law; rule; honor; see also نمس

1 نأى na’ā a (na’y) to be far, far away, distant, remote (عن from), keep away, stay away, keep at a distance, remain aloof, go away, move away, depart, absent o.s. (عن from), leave (عن s.th., s.o.) III to keep far away, keep at a distance (عن هـ or ه s.o. or s.th. from), keep a wide distance (هـ, ه between s.o. or s.th., عن and) IV to remove, move away, take away, place at a distance (عن ه s.o. from) VI to move away, move apart, draw sway from one another; to be away from one another, be at a distance, be separated, be apart; to keep away, stand aloof, be away, be at a distance (عن from) VIII to be away, be at a distance (عن from); to go away, move away, draw away, depart, absent o.s. (عن from), leave (عن s.th., s.o.)

نأي na’y remoteness

نأي na’y and نؤى nu’ā pl. آناء anā’, انآء an’ā’ ditch

انأى an’ā farther away, remoter, more distant

منأى man’an distant place | كان بمنأى عن to keep away from, remain aloof from, keep out of, not get involved in, refuse to have anything to do with

تناء tanā’in great distance, remoteness

ناء nā’in far, far away, distant, remote; outlying, out-of-the-way, secluded

2 ناي nāy pl. -āt nay, a flute without mouth-piece, made of bamboo, rarely of wood, in different sizes, which, when blown, is held in a slanting forward position (unlike a German flute)

انبوب unbūb and انبوبة unbūba pl. انابيب anābīb2 على int (of a knotted stem), part between two nodes; tube, pipe, conduit, conduit pipe, main duct; tube (e.g., of toothpaste); light bulb | انبوب الرئة u. ar-ri’a windpipe, trachea (anat.); انبوب الطوربيد torpedo tube; انبوب مفرغ (mufarrag) vacuum tube (radio); خط الأنابيب kaṭṭ al-a. pipeline

انبوبي unbūbī tubular, tube-shaped, fistulous; pipe- (in compounds)

نبأ naba’a a (نبء nab’, نبوء nubū’) to be high, raised, elevated, protruding, projecting, prominent; to overcome, overpower, overwhelm (على s.o.); to turn away, withdraw, shrink (عن from); to be repelled, repulsed, sickened, disgusted, shocked (عن by) II to inform, notify, tell, advise (عن or ب ه s.o. of s.th.), let (ه s.o.) know (عن or ب about), make known, announce, impart, communicate (عن or ب ه to s.o. s.th.); to be evidence (عن of), show, indicate, manifest, bespeak, reveal, disclose (عن s.th.) IV to inform, notify, tell, advise (ب ه s.o. of), let (ه s.o.) know (ب about), make known, announce, impart, communicate (ب ه to s.o. s.th.) V to predict, foretell, forecast, prognosticate, presage, prophesy (ب s.th.); to claim to be a prophet, pose as a prophet X to ask for news, for information (ه s.o.); to inquire (هـ after), ask (هـ about)

نبأ naba’ pl. انباء anbā’ news, tidings information, intelligence; announcement, report, news item, dispatch | وكالة الأنباء wakālat al-a. or مكتب الأنباء maktab al-a. news agency, wire service

نبأة nab’a faint noise, low sound

نبوءة nubū’a pl. -āt prophecy

انباء inbā’ pl. -āt notification, information, communication

تنبؤ tanabbu’ pl. -āt prediction, forecast, prognostication, prophecy

نبت nabata u (nabt) to grow (esp., of plants, also, e.g., of teeth); to sprout, germinate; to produce plants, bring forth vegetation (soil) II to plant, sow, seed (هـ s.th.) IV to germinate, cause to sprout (هـ a seed); to make (هـ s.th.) grow; to grow, plant, cultivate (هـ s.th ) X to plant, cultivate, grow, raise (هـ plants); to breed (هـ plants), culture (هـ e.g., bacteria)

نبت nabt germination, sprouting; growth; vegetable growth, vegetation, plants; herbage, herbs, grass; sprout, plant | قوة النبت qūwat an-n. germinability, germinative faculty

نبتة nabta plant, sprout, shoot, seedling

نبات nabāt (coll.) plants, vegetation; -- (pl. -āt) plant, vegetable organism; herb | نبات اقتصادي (iqtiṣādī) economic plant; نبات الزينة n. az-zīna ornamental plant; نبات طبي (ṭibbī) medicinal plant; آكل النبات herbivorous animal; سكر النبات sukar an-n. rock candy; علم النبات ‘ilm an-n. botany

نباتي nabātī vegetable, vegetal, plant- (in compounds); botanical; botanist; vegetarian (adj. and n.)

نبوت nabbūt pl. نبابيت nabābīt2 (eg.) quarterstaff, cudgel, bludgeon, club, truncheon, night stick

منبت manbat, manbit pl. منابت manābit2 plantation, plant nursery, arboretum; hotbed, birthplace, fountainhead, headspring, origin, source

تنبيت tanbīt planting, cultivation, seed-bed planting

استنبات istinbāt planting, cultivation, growing

نابتة nābita generation

مستنبت mustanbat cultivated, grown, raised, bred; plantation, nursery, culture | O مستنبت البكتريا bacterial culture

نبح nabaḥa a (nabḥ, نباح nubāḥ, nibāḥ, نبيح nabīḥ to bark (على at s.o.), bay (على s.o.) VI to bark at each other; to bark simultaneously, answer each other’s barks (dogs, e.g., at night)

نبح nabḥ, نباح nubāḥ, nibāḥ and نبيح nabīḥ barking, bark, baying, yelp(ing)

نباح nabbāḥ barker, yelper

نبذ nabada i (nabd) to hurl, fling, throw, or toss, away (. s.th.); to reject, discard, spurn (هـ s.th.); to cut out, cast off, ostracize, expel, banish, disown, repudiate, remove, eliminate, dismiss, abandon, forsake, give up, renounce (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to withdraw, turn away (هـ from), relinquish, forswear (هـ s.th.); to break, violate, infringe (هـ a contract, a treaty), default (الى against s.o.) | نبذه نبذ النواة (nabda n-nawāh) to reject or dismiss s.th. or s.o. with disdain, spurn or scorn s.th. or s.o. II = I; to press (هـ grapes) III to separate, secede, withdraw (ه from s.o.), oppose, resist (ه s.o.) | نابذة الحرب (ḥarba) to declare war on s.o. IV to press (هـ grapes) VI to be feuding nil to withdraw, retire, retreat | انتبذ ناحية (nāḥiyatan) to step aside, withdraw to one side; to retreat into a comer

نبذ nabd throwing away, discarding; rejection, repudiation, disavowal; renunciation, resignation; surrender, relinquishment, abandonment; (pl. انباذ anbād) small amount, a little, a trifle, bagatelle | نبذ الطاعة insubordination

نبذة nubda pl. نبذ nubad small piece, part, portion, fragment, fraction, section; (newspaper) article, story; tract, pamphlet, leaflet; small ad(vertisement)

نبيذ nabīd cast-off, discarded, rejected, disowned, repudiated, dismissed; (pl. انبذة anbida) wine | روح النبيذ rūḥ an-n. spirits of wine, alcohol

نابذ nābid: O القوة النابذة (qūwa) centrifugal force

منبوذ manbūd caot-off, discarded; cast-out, ostracized, banished, expelled, disowned, repudiated; abandoned; foundling, waif; neglected, disregarded; المنبوذون the untouchables (in India), the pariahs

نبر nabara i (nabr) to raise, elevate; to go up with the voice, sing in a high, pitched voice; to stress, emphasize, accentuate; to shout, yell, scream (ه at s.o.); to cry out VIII to swell, become swollen

نبر nabr accentuation, accent, stress, emphasis

نبر nibr and انبار anbār pl. انابر anābir2, انابير anābīr barn, shed, granary, storeroom, storehouse, warehouse

نبرة nabra pl. nabarāt swelling, intumescence, protuberance; stress, accent, accentuation; tone (of the voice); pl. نبرات inflection of the voice, intonation, cadence

منبر minbar pl. منابر manābīr2 mimbar; pulpit; rostrum, platform, dais

منبار minbār pl. منابير manābīr gut, intestine | منبار محشي (maḥšīy) sausage

نبراس nibrās pl. نباريس nabārīs2 lamp, light, lantern | اتخذ منه نبراسا (ittakada) to take s.o. for an example, model o.s. after s.o.

نبز nabaza i (nabz) to give a derisive or insulting name (ه to s.o.) II do.

نبز nabaz pl. انباز anbāz nickname, sobriquet

نبس nabasa i (nabs, نبسة nubsa), to utter, say, speak II do. | ما نبس بكلمة (bikalima) he did not say a word

نبش nabaša u (nabš) to excavate, dig up, dig out of the ground, unearth, exhume, disinter (هـ s.th.); to uncover, lay open, unveil, disclose, reveal, bring to light, bring out into the open (هـ s.th.) II to search, rummage, burrow (في in s.th.), ransack, rifle (في s.th.)

نبش nabš excavation, unearthing, digging up; examination, search, exploration; uncovering, disclosure, revelation | نبش القبور desecration of graves, body snatching

نباش nabbāš gravedigger; body snatcher

نبيش nabīš dug up, excavated

انبوش unbūš and انبوشة unbūša pl. انابيش anābīš excavation, excavated object

نبض nabaḍa i (nabḍ, نبضان nabaḍān) to beat, throb, pulsate, palpitate (heart, pulse); -- u (نبوض nubūḍ) to flow off, run off, drain (water)

نبض nabḍ, nabaḍ pl. انباض anbāḍ throbbing, throb, pulsation, palpitation; pulse

نبضة nabḍa, nabaḍa pulsation, pulse beat

نابض nābiḍ pulsating, pulsative, beating, throbbing, palpitating; spring, main-spring, coil spring, spiral spring | نابض بالحياة (bi-l-ḥayāh) vibrant with life

منبض manbiḍ spot where the pulse or heartbeat is felt

نبط nabaṭa u i (nabṭ, نبوط nubūṭ) to well out, gush out, spout, issue, stream forth (water) II (eg.) to find fault (على with s.o.), carp, scoff, gibe, sneer (على at s.o.) IV to cause (هـ s.th.) to gush out or well forth, bring (هـ s.th.) to the surface; to find, discover (هـ water, oil, etc.), come upon (هـ ), open up, tap (.a a source, a well, etc.) X to find, discover (الى I water, oil, etc.), come upon (هـ ), open up, tap (هـ a source, a well, etc.); to invent, discover, think up, devise, design, contrive, find out (هـ s.th.); to derive, extract, draw, take (من هـ s.th. from)

نبط nabaṭ depth, deep, profundity; the innermost, inmost part, core, heart

النبط an-nabaṭ pl. الأنباط al-anbāṭ the Nabateans

نبطي nabaṭī Nabatean (adj. and n.)

استنباط isṭinbāt discovery, invention

مستنبط mustanbiṭ discoverer, inventor

مستنبطات mustanbaṭāt discoveries, inventions

نبع naba‘a u i a (nab‘, نبوع nubū‘, نبعان naba‘ān) to well, well up, gush forth, flow, issue (من from); to rise, spring, originate (river) IV to cause (هـ s.th.) to gush forth or flow out

نبع nab‘ a tree whose wood was used in arrow-making; spring, source | قرع النبع بالنبع (nab‘a) approx.: to cross swords with the opponent

منبع manba‘ pl. منابع manābi‘2 spring, well; fountainhead, springhead, source, origin | منبع زيت m. zait or منبع بترول oil well

ينبوع yanbū’ pl. ينابيع yanābī‘2 spring, source, well

نبغ nabaga a u i (nabg, نبوغ nubūg) to arise, emerge (من from), come to the fore, come in eight, appear, show; to spread, diffuse, be diffused; to have superior or extraordinary qualities, stand out, distinguish o.s., be distinguished, be marked; to excel, be outstanding (في in); to be an outstanding, exceptional man, be a genius

نبوغ nubūg eminence, distinction; superior or extraordinary qualities, exceptional faculties, giftedness, talent, genius; outstanding greatness, brilliancy, genius (of an artistic achievement)

نابغ nābig outstanding, distinguished; gifted, talented; man of genius, brilliant person

نابغة nābiga pl. نوابغ nawābig2 a distinguished, famous, or outstanding man, a poetic genius

نبق nabq, nibq, nabaq, nabiq (coll.; n. un. ة ) nabk, a Christ’s-thorn (Zizyphus spina-christi; bot.); lotus fruit; lotu. blossom

انبيق anbīq, inbīq pl. انابيق anābīq2 alembic, distilling flask

نبكة nabka, nabaka hill, hillock

نبل nabala u (nabl) to shoot arrows (ه at s.o.); -- nabula u (نبالة nabāla) to be noble, noble-minded, generous, magnanimous, highborn, patrician; to be above s.th. (عن ), be too high-minded to stoop to (عن )

نبل nabl (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نبال nibāl, انبال anbāl arrows

نبل nubl and نبالة nabāla nobility, nobleness, exalted, rank, or station, eminence; noble-mindedness, high-mindedness, magnanimity, generosity

نبل nabl and نبيل nabīl pl. نبال nibāl, نبلاء nubalā’2 noble; lofty. exalted, sublime, august; aristocratic, highborn, highbred, patrician, distinguished; noble-minded, high-minded, generous, magnanimous; excellent, outstanding, superior; magnificent, splendid, glorious; النبيل pl. النبلاء (formerly:) title of members of the Egyptian royal family

نبال nabbāl pl. نبالة nabbāla and نابل nābil pl. نبل nubbāl archer, bowman

نبه nabaha u, nabiha a and nabuha u (نباهة nabāha) to be well-known, noted, renowned, famous; -- nabiha a (nabah) to heed, mind, note, observe (ل s.th.), pay attention (ل to), take notice (ل of); to wake up, awaken II to call s.o.’s attention (ه ) to (الى or على ), point out, show, indicate (الى or على ه to s.o. s.th.); to inform, tell, apprise, notify (الى or على ه s.o. of); to remind (الى ه s.o. of); to inform, instruct, brief (على ه s.o. about); to warn, caution (ه s.o.); to wake, awakn, rouse (من النوم ه s.o. from sleep); to arouse, alert, stir up, excite, stimulate (ه s.o.) IV to awaken, rouse (ه s.o., هـ s.th.) V to perceive, notice, note, realize (ل or الى s. th.), become aware, become conscious (ل or الى of); to be alerted, have one’s attention drawn (ل or الى, على to), take notice (ل or الى, على of), pay attention (ل or الى, على to), be mindful, heedful (ل or الى, على of); to wake up, awaken; to come to, regain consciousness (with لنفسه li-nafsihī) VIII to be on one’s guard, be wary, cautious, careful; to be awake, alert, wakeful; to awaken, wake up; to perceive, notice, note, observe (الى or ل s.th.); to understand, realize, grasp, comprehend (الى or ل s.th.); to be aware, be conscious (الى or ل of s.th.); to pay attention (الى or ل to); to come to, regain consciousness (with لنفسه li-nafsihī)

نبه nubh insight, discernment, perception, acumen, sagacity; understanding, attention; vigilance, alertness

نبه nabih and نبيه nabīh pl. نبهاء nubahā’2 noble, highborn, patrician; outstanding, eminent, distinguished, excellent; famous, renowned, celebrated; understanding, sensible, discerning, judicious, perspicacious

نباهة nabāha fame, renown, celebrity; exalted rank or station, eminence, nobility; vigilance, alertness; intelligence

منبهة manbaha a call to draw s.o.’s attention to s.th. (على ), rousing call, incitement, impetus, incentive (على to)

تنبيه tanbīh rousing, awakening; excitation, stimulation, incitement, arousing; warning, cautioning, alerting; notification, notice, information; admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel, briefing, instruction, direction; nota bene, note, remark, annotation (in books) | آلة التنبيه horn (of an automobile, etc.)

تنبه tanabbuh awakening, wakefulness, alertness

انتباه intibāh attention, attentiveness; vigilance, watchfulness, alertness; foresight, circumspection, prudence, care, carefulness; caution; heed, notice, observance | بانتباه attentively, carefully

نابه nābih noble, highborn, patrician; eminent; well-known, renowned, distinguished; famous, important

منبه munabbih awakening, rousing; warning, cautioning, alerting; excitant, stimulant; (pl. -āt) alarm clock; stimulus, stimulative agent, stimulant, excitant

متنبه mutanabbih awake, wakeful; alert, vigilant, watchful

منتبه muntabih awake, wakeful; alert, vigilant, watchful; attentive, heedful; careful, prudent, cautious, wary, guarded

نبا (نبو ) nabā u (نبو nabw, nubūw) to be far off, distant, remote; to move away, withdraw in the distance; to mill (arrow, عن the target); to bounce off, rebound, bounce, bound (الى عن from-to; ball); to disagree (عن with); to be contradictory (عن to), to conflict, be in conflict, be inconsistent (عن with); to be offensive, repugnant (عن to s.o.); to dislike, find repugnant (عن s.th.) | نبا به المكان (makānu) he felt unable to remain in the place

نبي nabīy pl. -ūn, انبياء anbiyā’2 prophet | خشب الأنبياء guaiacum wood

نبوي nabawī prophetic, of or pertaining to a prophet or specifically to the Prophet Mohammed

نبوة nubūwa prophethood, prophecy

ناب nābin repugnant, distasteful, improper, ugly

نتأ nata’a a (نتء nat’, نتوء nutū’) to swell; to bulge, bulge out; to protrude, project, jut out, stand out, be prominent, protuberant, embossed, in relief

نتأة nat’a hill, hillock, elevation

نتوء nutū’ swelling, intumescence; growth, tumor; outgrowth, excrescence; protrusion, projection, protuberance, prominence, bulge; hill, hillock, elevation | نتوء الجبهة n. al-jabha salient, bulge in the front line (mil.)

ناتئ nati’ pl. نواتئ nawāti’2 swelling, swollen; protruding, projecting, jutting out, salient, protuberant, bulging; bulge, hump, protuberance | ناتئ كعبري (ku‘burī) wristbone

ناتئة nāti’a pl. نواتئ nawāti’2 projection, protrusion, jut, prominence; outgrowth, excrescence, protuberance; hump, elevation

نتج nataja i (نتاج nitāj) to bear, bring forth, throw (هـ a young one); to proceed, derive, arise, follow, ensue, result (من or عن from), be the result of (من or عن ) IV to bear, throw (هـ a young one); to bring forth, yield, generate, produce, make, manufacture, fabricate, create, originate, cause, provoke, bring about, occasion (هـ s.th.), give rise (هـ to) X to conclude, gather, infer, deduce, derive, trace (من هـ s.th. from), draw a conclusion (من from)

نتاج nitāj (act or process of) bearing, throwing, littering (of animals); brood, litter, offspring, young ones, young animals | نتاج الخيل n. al-kail foal(s)

نتيجة natīja pl. نتائج natā’ij2 result, upshot, issue, outcome, consequence; product, effect, immediate result, fruits, yield, proceeds, gain, profit; (techn.) output; conclusion, inference, deduction; almanac, calendar; natījata (prep.) because of, as a result of, due to, owing to | بالنتيجة consequently, hence, therefore; نتيجة الجيب n. al-jaib pocket calendar; نتيجة الحائط wall calendar

إنتاج intāj generation; making, manufacture; production; rearing, raising, breeding, growing, cultivation; productivity; creating, creation, creative activity; output (of a machine; O in mining) | الإنتاج الأدبي (adabī) literary production; رسم الإنتاج rasm al-i. excise tax

استنتاج istintāj pl. -āt inference, conclusion; deduction

ناتج nātij resultant, resulting, following, ensuing, proceeding, deriving, arising (عن from); result; maker, producer

منتوج mantūj pl. -āt product, creation, work, production

منتج muntij bearing, giving birth, producing; fruitful, productive; fertile, fecund, prolific; conclusive (evidence); maker, manufacturer, producer; film, producer

منتجات muntajāt proceeds, returns, yields, products | منتجات زراعية (zirā‘īya) agricultural products, farming products, produce

مستنتج mustantij maker, manufacturer, producer

نتحة natḥa exudation

1 نتر natara u (natr) to grab, grasp, wrest away, take away by force (هـ s.th.)

2 نترات nitrāt nitrate

نتروجين nitrōjēn nitrogen

نتش nataša i (natš) to pull out, extract (هـ s.th.); to pluck out, tear out (هـ s.th.); to snatch away; to beat, strike, hit

منتاش mintāš tweezers, pincette

نتع nata‘a u i (نتوع nutū‘) to well up, bubble up, trickle out, ooze out, dribble, trickle; -- (eg.) to lift up, carry away (ه s.o.)

نتف natafa i (natf) to pluck out, pull out, tear out (هـ hair, and the like) II do.

نتفة nutfa pl. نتف nutaf tuft of hair; a small amount, a little of s.th.

نتيف natīf pulled out, torn out; plucked

نتن natana i, natina a (natn) and natuna u (نتانة natāna, نتونة nutūna) to have an offensive smell, be malodorous, stink; to decompose, rot, decay, become putrid II to render putrid, putrefy (هـ s.th.); to cause to decay or rot, decompose (هـ s.th.) IV = I

نتن natn and نتانة natāna stench, evil smell, malodor; rotting, putrescence, putrefaction, decomposition; decay

نتن natin stinking, evil-smelling, malodorous; rotten, putrid, putrescent, putrefied, decayed, decomposed; (eg.) miserly, closefisted, stingy, niggardly

منتن munattan putrefied, putrescent, rotten, decayed, decomposed

منتن muntin stinking, evil-smelling, malodorous; rotting, putrescent, putrid, decayed

نثر natara u i (natr, نثار nitār) to scatter, disperse, strew, sprinkle (على هـ s.th. over or on); to write in prose (هـ s.th.) II to scatter, disperse, strew about (هـ s.th.) VI and VIII to be scattered, about, be strewn about, be dispersed; to scatter, disperse; to fall off, fall out

نثر natr scattering, dispersal, dispersion; prose

نثر natrī prose, prosaic, in prose; small, little, insignificant, trifling, petty; نثريات sundries, miscellany | مصاريف نثرية incidental expenses; petty expenses

نثار nattār scattered fragments; floating particles (dust); tiny pieces; O confetti

نثر natīr scattered, dispersed

تناثر tanātur dispersion (e.g., of a machine gun)

ناثر nātir prose writer, prosaist

منثور mantūr scattered, dispersed, strewn about; prosaic, prose; wall-flower, gillyflower (Cheiranthus cheiri; bot.); see also هباء habā’

متناثر mutanātir scattered

نجب najuba u (نجابة najāba) to be of noble birth, be highborn, aristocratic, patrician, noble, distinguished, excellent, highminded, generous, magnanimous IV do.; to give birth (ه to a child), bear (ه a child); to beget, sire (ه s.o.) | انجب منها he had children by her VIII and X to choose, select, pick out (هـ s.th.)

نجب najb and نجبة nujaba noble, highminded, generous, magnanimous

نجابة najāba nobility, nobleness, noble descent, exalted rank or station, eminence; excellence, superiority, perfection

نجيب najīb pl. نجب nujub, نجباء nujabā’2, انجاب anjāb of noble breed; highborn, highbred, of noble descent, noble, distinguished, aristocratic, patrician; excellent, superior, outstanding

نجاب najjāb dromedary rider, courier

انتجاب intijāb choice; selection

نجح najaḥa a (najḥ, nujḥ, نجاح najāḥ) to turn out well, come off well, succeed; to progress well, develop satisfactorily; to succeed, have success (في in), be successful; to pass (في الامتحان the examination) II and IV to give (ه s.o.) successful (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) succeed, render successful (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), make (هـ s.th.) a success

نجح nujḥ favorable, successful outcome, happy ending; success; satisfactory development, good progress

نجاح najāḥ favorable, successful outcome, happy ending; success; satisfactory development, good progress; passing (of an examination) | لقي نجاحا (laqiya) to have success, be successful, succeed, meet with success

نجيح najīḥ sound, good (advice, opinion)

انجاح injāḥ success

ناجح nājiḥ successful; passing, having passed (examination)

نجد najada i (najd) to help, aid, assist, support (ه s.o.), stand by s.o. (ه ), najida a (najad) to sweat, perspire II to furnish (هـ s.th.); to upholster (هـ s.th.), to comb, card, tease (القطن al-quṭna cotton) III = najada IV = najada; to travel in the highland (of Arabia) X to ask for help (ه s.o.), appeal for help) to s.o.), seek aid (ه or ب from s.o.), to take liberties, make bold (على with s.o.) ه

نجد najd pl. نجاد nijād highland, upland, tableland, plateau; the Arabian highland, Nejd

نجدي najdī Nejd, Nejdi, native of Nejd

نجدة najda pl. najadāt help, aid, succor, assistance, support; emergency, crisis, trouble, difficulty, distress, calamity; courage, bravery, intrepidity, undauntedness, pl. auxiliaries, reinforcements | النجدة! النجدة ! help! help! بوليس النجدة approx.: riot squad (Eg.)

نجاد sword belt | طويل النجاد tall, of tall stature

نجاد nijād upholsterer; (pl. نجادة ) a kind of boy scout (syr.)

نجادة nijāda upholsterer’s trade, upholstery

تنجيد tanjīd upholstering, upholstery work

نجذ najada i (nad) to importune (ه s.o.)

مناجذ manājid 2 moles (zool.)

ناجذ nājid pl. نواجذ nawājd2 molar | ابدى عن نواجذه (abdā) to show one’s teeth, display a hostile, threatening attitude (ل toward s.o.); عض بالنواجذ (‘aḍḍa) to grit one’s teeth; عض على ناجذيه (nājidaihi) to have reached the age of manhood; عض بالنواجذ على to cling stubbornly to ..., stick doggedly to ...

نجر najara u (najr) to hew, carve, plane (هـ wood)

نجر najr heat, hot time of the day

نجار najjār pl. -ūn carpenter, cabinetmaker, joiner

نجار nujār origin, descent, stock, root

نجارة nujāra wood shavings

نجارة nijāra woodworking, cabinetwork, joinery, carpentry

منجر minjar pl. مناجر manajir2 plane (tool)

منجور manjūr pulley; sheave; waterwheel; woodwork, paneling, wainscoting

نجز najaza u (najz) to carry out, execute, implement, realize, accomplish, fulfill, complete (هـ s.th.); -- najiza a (najaz) to be carried out, be executed, be implemented, be realized, be accomplished, be completed, be achieved II to carry out, execute, implement, realize, effect(uate}, accomplish (هـ s.th.); to fulfill, grant, answer (هـ a wish, and the like) III to fight, battle, struggle (ه against s.o.) IV to carry out, execute, implement, realize, effect(uate), accomplish, complete, consummate (هـ s.th.); to do (هـ work, a job); to perform (هـ an action, an operation); to fulfill (هـ a promise), discharge (هـ a duty); to finish (على s.o.) off, deal (على s.o.) the deathblow X to ask for the fulfillment (هـ of a promise)

نجز najz and نجاز najāz execution, implementation, realization, effectuation, completion, consummation, accomplishment, achievement, fulfillment, discharge

تنجيز tanjīz and انجاز injāz execution, implementation, realization, effectuation, accomplishment, achievement, completion, consummation; performance; fulfillment, discharge

مناجزة munājaza and تناجز tanājuz fight, struggle, contention, strife

ناجز nājiz completed; full, total, whole, entire, complete, consummate

نجس najusa u (نجاسة najāsa) and najisa a (najas) to be impure, unclean, soiled, dirty, sullied, stained, tainted II and IV to soil, sully, dirty, pollute, contaminate, defile, stain, taint (هـ s.th.) V to be or become impure, unclean, soiled, sullied, polluted, contaminated, defiled, stained, tainted; to sully o.s., contaminate o.s., defile o.s.

نجس najas and نجاسة najāsa impurity, uncleanness, uncleanliness, dirt, filth, squalor

نجس najis pl. انجاس anjās impure, unclean, defiled, polluted, contaminated, soiled, sullied, dirty, filthy, squalid

نجس najis and نجيس najīs incurable, fatal (disease)

تنجيس tanjīs soiling, sullying, defilement, contamination, pollution

نجاشي najāšī, nijāšī Negus, Emperor of Ethiopia

نجع naja‘a a (naj‘, نجوع nujū‘) to be useful, beneficial, salutary, have a wholesome effect II and IV do. VIII to take refuge (ه with s.o.), resort, have recourse (ه to); to seek (هـ rest, and the like) X to seek (هـ pasture, rest, relaxation)

نجع naj‘ pl. نجوع nujū‘ hamlet, small village

نجعة nuj‘a search for food

نجيع najī‘ useful, beneficial; wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary; -- blood

ناجع nāji‘ useful, beneficial; wholesome, healthful, salubrious, salutary

منتجع muntaja‘ refuge, retreat; recreation center; health resort, rest center, convalescent home, sanatorium

نجف najaf pl. نجاف nijāf (sand) hill, dune; dam, dike, levee; النجف an-najaf An Najaf (town in central Iraq)

نجفة najafa pl. -āt chandelier, luster

نجل najala u (najl) to beget, sire, father (ه a son)

نجل najl pl. انجال anjāl offspring, descendant, scion, son; progeny, issue

نجيل najīl pl. نجل nujūl a variety of orchard grass (Dactylis; bot.); herbage

انجل anjal2, f. نجلاء najlā’2 large-eyed; large, big, wide (eye); gaping (wound) | طعنة نجلاء (ṭa‘na) a blow causing a gaping wound; heavy blow or thrust

منجل minjal pl. مناجل manajil2 scythe, sickle

منجلة manjala vise

2 انجيل look up alphabetically

نجم najama u (نجوم nujūm) to appear, come in sight, rise (star), begin, commence, set in; to result, follow, ensue, arise, proceed, derive, originate, spring (عن or من from) | نجم قرنه (qarnuhū) to begin to show II to observe the stars; to predict the future from the stars, practice astrology; to pay in installments V to observe the stars, predict the future from the stars

نجم najm pl. نجوم nujūm installment, partial payment; نجوما nujūman in installments

نجم najm pl. نجم nujūm, انجم anjum celestial body; star; lucky star; constellation, asterism; (coll.) herbs, herbage, grass | نجم ذو ذنب (dū danab) comet; نجوم السينما film stars, movie stars

نجمة najma pl. najamāt star; asterisk (typ.) | نجمة سينمائية film star, movie star; مرض النجمة maraḍ an-n. a disease afflicting horses

نجمي najmī star-shaped, stelliform, starlike, stellate, stellular, stellar, astral; -- in installments, installment- (in compounds)

نجيمة nujaima small star, starlet

نجام najjām and منجم munajjim pl. -ūn astrologer

منجم manjam pl. مناجم manājim2 source, origin; mine; pit

تنجيم tanjīm astrology

نجا (نجو ) najā u (najw, نجاء najā’, نجاة najāh) to save o.s., be saved, be rescued, make for safety, get away (من from), escape (من s.th.), he delivered (من from) | نجا بنفسه (bi-nafsihī) or نجا بروحه (bi-rūḥihī) to save o.s. (من from); نجا بحياته (bi-ḥayātihī) to save one’s life, save one’s skin; -- (najw, نجوى najwan) to entrust a secret (ه to s.o.) II and IV to deliver, save, fescue, bring to safety (ه s.o., من from) III to whisper (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), entrust (ب ه to s.o. s.th. secret), take into one’s confidence (ه s.o.), confide (ه in s.o.) | ناجى نفسه (nafsahū) to soliloquize, talk to o.s., say to o.s. VI to whisper to each other, carry on a whispered conversation, converse intimately, confidentially, exchange secrets, exchange ideas VIII to whisper into each other’s ear (هـ s.th.) X to save o.s. (من from), escape (من s.th.); to he delivered (من from)

نجا najan deliverance, release, rescue

نجاة najāh escape, flight; deliverance, rescue; salvation, redemption; safety

نجو najw excrement

نجوة najwa pl. نجاء najā’ elevation, rising ground, upland | في نجوة من free from, far from, a long way from

نجوى najwā pl. نجاوى najāwā confidential talk, secret conversation

نجي najīy pl. انجية anjiya secret; confident, intimate friend, bosom friend

منجى manjan safety, security (من from)

منجاة manjāh pl. مناج manājin safe place, haven, refuge; safeguard, protection; rescue, salvation | كان بمنجاة من to he safe from, he secure from, he safeguarded against

تنجية tanjiya rescue, salvation, deliverance

مناجاة munājāh secret conversation; confidential talk | مناجاة الأرواح spiritism, spiritualism

منج munajjin rescuer, savior, deliverer

نحب naḥaba i a (naḥb, نحيب naḥīb) and VIII to sob, weep, cry, wail, lament

نحب naḥb weeping, crying, sobbing. sighing, moaning, wail(ing), lamentation; time, period, term, span, interval; death | قضى نحبه qaḍā naḥbahū to fulfill one’s vow, redeem one’s pledge; to pass away, die, expire

نحب naḥīb loud weeping, wail(ing), lamentation

نحت naḥata i u (naḥt) to hew, dress (هـ stone or wood), plane, smooth, face; to carve, cut out, hew out, chisel, sculpture; to form, coin (هـ s.th.)

نحت naḥt wood or stone dressing, woodwork, stonework; sculpturing, sculpture

نحات stonemason, stonecutter, stone dresser; sculptor

نحاتة nuḥāta shavings, parings, chips, splinters, slivers

منحت minḥat pl. مناحت manāḥit2 chisel

نحر naḥara u (naḥr) to cut the throat (هـ of an animal) slaughter, butcher, kill (هـ an animal) VI to fight; to kill each other, hack each other to pieces, engage in internecine fighting VIII to commit suicide; O to be scuttled (ship) | انتحر شنقا (šanqan) to hang o.s., commit suicide by hanging

نحر naḥr killing, slaughter(ing), butchering | يوم النحر yaum an-n. Day of Immolation (on the 10th of Zu’lhijja)

نحر naḥr pl. نحور nuḥūr upper portion of the chest, throat

نحر niḥr, and نحرير niḥrīr pl. نحارير naḥārīr2 skilled, adept, proficient, versed, experienced (في in)

نحير naḥīr, and منحور manḥūr killed, slaughtered, butchered

منحر manḥar throat, neck

انتحار intiḥār suicide; O scuttling

منتحر muntaḥir suicide (person)

نحيزة naḥīza nature, natural disposition | طيب النحيزة ṭayyib an-n. good-natured, good-humored; كريم النحيزة high-minded, noble-minded, of generous disposition

نحس naḥasa a (naḥs) to make (ه s.o.) unhappy, bring (ه s.o.) bad luck; -- naḥusa u (نحوسة nuḥūsa, نحاسة naḥāsa) and naḥisa a (naḥas) to be unlucky, ominous, ill-fated, calamitous, ill-boding, portend evil II to covert coat, or sheathe with copper, to copper (هـ s.th.)

نحس naḥs pl. نحوس nuḥūs misfortune, calamity, disaster

نحس naḥs, naḥis unlucky, luckless, ominous, calamitous, disastrous, ill-fated, ill-starred, sinister, ill-omened, ill-boding

نحاس naḥḥās coppersmith

نحاس nuḥās copper; (tun.) a small coin | نحاس اصفر (aṣfar2) brass

مناحس manāḥis2 ominous events

منحوس manḥūs luckless, ill-fated, star-crossed

نحف naḥufa a (نحافة naḥāfa) to be thin, slim, slender, lean, skinny; to become thin, lose weight IV to make thin, weaken, debilitate, enervate, emaciate

نحافة naḥāfa leanness, thinness, slenderness, slimness. enervation. emaciation, wasting away

نحيف naḥīf pl. نحاف niḥāf, نحفاء nuḥfā’2 thin, slim, slender, slight; delicate, of fragile build; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated, emaciated

منحف manḥaf dieting resort, weight-reducing resort

منحوف manḥūf thin, slim, slender, slight; lean, gaunt, enervated, debilitated,

emaciated

نحل naḥala u a, naḥula u and naḥila a (نحول nuḥūl) to be emaciated; to waste away, lose weight, grow thin; -- naḥala a (nuḥl) to make a donation, make a present (ه to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute, impute (wrongly, unduly) (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) IV to make thin, enervate, emaciate (ه s.o.); to weaken (هـ s.th.) V and esp. VIII to ascribe to o.s., claim for o.s. (لنفسه ), assume unduly, presume, arrogate to o.s. (هـ s.th.); to embrace (هـ a religion); to borrow, adopt, take over (هـ foreign words); to take up (هـ s.th.) | انتحل الإسلام to profess Islam; انتحل اسمه (ismahū) to assume s.o.’s name; انتحل الأعرابية (a‘rabīya) to claim to be a Bedouin; انتحل الأعذار (a‘dār) to think up excuses, make excuses, use pretexts or subterfuges; انتحل شخصية فلان (šakšīyata) to pass o.s. off as s.o., purport to be ..., impersonate s.o.

نحل naḥl (coll.; n. un. ة ) bee

نحلة naḥla pl. نحل niḥal present, gift, donation; creed, faith, seat

نحال naḥḥāl beekeeper, apiarist, apiculturist

نحالة niḥāla beekeeping, apiculture

نحول nuḥūl leanness, skinniness, thinness, slimness, slenderness; enervation, emaciation, wasting away

نحيل naḥīl and ناحل nāḥil pl. نحلى naḥlā, نحل nuḥḥal thin, slim, slender, lean, skinny; enervated, emaciated, gaunt

منحل manḥal pl. مناحل manāḥil2 beehive; apiary, apicultural station

انتحال intiḥāl undue assumption, arrogation; literary theft, plagiarism

منتحل muntaḥil plagiarist

منتحل muntaḥal: اسم منتحل (ism) assumed name, alias, pseudonym, nom de guerre

نحم naḥama i (naḥm, نحيم naḥīm, نحمان naḥamān) to clear one’s throat; to wheeze, pant, gasp

نحام nuḥām flamingo

نحن naḥnu we

نحنح naḥnaḥa and II tanaḥnaḥa to clear one’s throat, to hem, say “ahem”

نحنحة naḥnaḥa hem, hawk, little cough

نحا (نحو ) naḥā a u (naḥw) to wend one’s way (ه, هـ to), go, walk, move, turn (ه, هـ to, toward), take the road (هـ to), go in the direction (هـ of) | نحا نحوه (naḥā naḥwahū)

to follow s.o., follow s.o.’s example, be guided by s.o. or s.th.; to imitate s.o.; to be of the same nature, of the same kind, on the same line as ..., be like ...; نحا نحو الباب to walk toward the door; نحا به نحو الباب to show s.o. to the door II to put aside, push away, brush aside (هـ s.th.); to remove, take away (من هـ s.th. from) IV to turn away, avert (بصره عن baṣarahū ‘an one’s eyes from); to turn (على against s.o.), assail, overcome (ب على s.o. with); to help (ب على upon s.o. reproach, or the like), shower (ب على s.o. with); to turn, apply o.s. attend (على to s.th.) V to step aside, go away, withdraw, move away, fall back (من or من from); to turn away; to forgo, renounce, waive (من s.th.); to abandon, give up, surrender, yield, relinquish (عن s.th.); to retreat, retire (هـ to a place); to lean, rest, support o.s. (ل on) VIII to turn (هـ to, toward); to lean, support o.s. (ل on) | انتحى ناحية to turn aside; انتحى جانبا do., step back, withdraw, retire

نحو naḥw pl. انحاء anḥā’ direction; side; section, part; way, course, method, manner, mode, fashion; (with foll. genit.) corresponding to, analogous to, similar to, like, somewhat like; (gram.) grammar; syntax | على نحو ما (naḥwi) in the manner of, as; على نحو ما (naḥwin) rather, pretty much; على هذا النحو in this manner, this way; in this respect; وعلى هذا النحو and so forth, and so on; في نحو الساعة السابعة at about the seventh hour, at about 7 o’clock, around seven; من نحوي as far as I am concerned, as for me, for my part, I for one; نحوا من (naḥwan) approximately, roughly, about, circa (with foll. figure); في انحاء الأرض (a. il-arḍ) all over the earth; في كل انحاء العالم (المعمورة ) (‘ālam) all over the world; النحو المقارن (muqārin) comparative grammar

نحو naḥwa (prep.) in the direction of, toward, to; according to, in analogy with, similar to, like, as, as for instance; approximately, roughly, about, around, circa

نحوي naḥwī syntactical; grammatical; grammarian; philologist

منحى manḥan pl. مناح manāḥin aim, goal, object, end, purpose; manner of acting, mode of conduct, behavior; direction; (rhetorical, literary) form; field, domain, realm, province, bailiwick, sphere (fig.) | مناحي الحياة m. l-ḥayāh walks of life

ناح nāḥin pl. نحاة nuḥāh grammarian; philologist

ناحية nāḥiya pl. نواح nawāḥin side; direction; viewpoint, standpoint, aspect; region, area, section; sphere, domain, field; district, canton; (Ir.) subdivision of a قضاء qaḍā’, roughly corresponding to a county; off side, secluded part, corner (e.g., of a room); nāḥiyata in the direction of, toward, to | من ناحية with regard to, in respect to, as to, as for, concerning, regarding, on the part of; من ناحية اخرى (ukrā) on the other hand; من الناحية العسكرية (‘askarīya) from a military standpoint; من ناحية قانونية de jure; من ناحية واقعية (wāqi‘īya) de facto; سليم النواحي sound in body; متعدد النواحي muta‘addid an-n. many-sided; من جميع النواحي in every respect

نخ nakk pl. انخاخ ankāk mat; rug, carpet

نخب nakaba u (nakb) and VIII to select, pick, choose (هـ s.th.); to choose, make one’s choice; to vote, go to the polls; to elect (ه s.o.)

نخب nakb selection, choice; a drink to s.o.’s health | شرب نخب (šariba) to drink to s.o.’s health, toast s.o.

نخبة nukba pl. نخب nukab selected piece, selected item, selected passage; the pick, cream, elite, flower

انتخاب intikāb pl. -āt election (pol.); choice; selection

انتخابي intikābī of or pertaining to an election or elections, election (used attributively); elective; electoral | معركة انتخابية (ma’raka) election campaign

ناخب nākib and منتخب muntakib pl. -ūn elector (esp., pol.), voter, constituent

منخوب mankūb lean, emaciated

منتخب muntakab chosen, elected, selected, hand-picked; elected candidate; (pl. -āt) team (in sports); منتخبات = selected pieces, selected items, selected passages

نخر nakara u i (nakr, نخير nakīr) to snort; to snore; to gnaw (ل on s.th.), bore, burrow, eat (في into s.th.; worm); to eat away (هـ at s.th.); to enervate, sap, ruin, decay (هـ s.th.); -- nakira a (nakar) to be eaten away, worm-eaten, rotten, decayed, full of holes; to spoil, rot, decay; to decompose, disintegrate, crumble

نخر nakr snorting, snort; snoring, snore; decay, rot, rottenness; tooth decay, caries

نخر nakr and ناخر nākir worm-eaten; rotting, decaying

نخير nakīr snort(ing), snoring, snore; grunt(s)

منخر mankar, mankir, minkar pl. مناخر manākir2 nostril; nose

منخار minkār pl. مناخير manākīr2 nostril; nose

نخرب nakraba to eat holes into s.th. (هـ ), eat away (هـ at); to hollow out (هـ s.th.)

نخروب nukrūb pl. نخاريب nakārīb2 hole; cavity, hollow; cell; honeycomb

نخز nakaza a (nakz) to bore into or through s.th. (هـ ; worm)

نخس nakaaa a u (naks) to prick, goad, prod, urge on, drive on (هـ an animal)

نخس nakkās drover; cattle dealer; slave trader; white slaver

نخاسة nikāsa cattle trade; slave trade; white-slave traffic

منخس minkas pl. مناخس manākis2 spur, goad, prod (for driving cattle)

منخاس minkās pl. مناخيس manākīs2 spur, goad, prod (for driving cattle)

نخشوش nakšūš pl. نخاشيش nakāšīš2 gill, branchia (respiratory organ of fish)

نخع V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate

نخاع nukā‘, nikā‘ pl. نخع nuku‘ spinal marrow, spinal cord; bone marrow, medulla; brain

نخاعة nukā’a phlegm, mucus, sputum, expectoration

نخل nakala u (nakl) to sift, bolt, sieve out (هـ s.th.); to strain (هـ s.th.) V and VIII do.

نخل nakl (coll.; n. un. ة ) and نخيل nakīl palm; date palm

نخالة nukāla residue left in a sieve; bran; waste, refuse | لا يساوي ملء اذنه نخالة lā yusāwī mil’a udnihī nukālatan he isn’t worth a bent nickel

منخل mankal, munkul pl. مناخل manākil2 sieve

نخم nakama a (nakam) and V to clear one’s throat, hawk, spit out, expectorate

نخامة nukāma phlegm, mucus, sputum, expectoration

غدة نخامية gudda nukāmīya hypophysis, pituitary body (anat.)

نخا (نخو ) nakā u (نخوة nakwa) to be proud, haughty, supercilious (على toward s.o.) II and IV to inflame, incite, excite, stimulate, arouse, awaken (هـ s.th.)

نخوة nakwa haughtiness, arrogance; pride, dignity, sense of honor, self-respect; high-mindedness, generosity

ند nadda i (nadd, ندد nadad, نداد nidād, ندود nudūd, نديد nadīd) to run away, flee; to slip away; to slip out (exclamation); to escape (عن s.o.) II to expose, show up, compromise (ب s.o.); to criticize (ب s.o. or s.th.), find fault (ب with)

ند nadd high hill; -- nadd, nidd incense (of aloeswood, with ambergris, musk and frankincense)

ند nidd pl. انداد andād equal, (a)like, same; an equal, a peer; partner; antagonist, rival

نديد nadīd pl. ندداء nudadā’2 equal; rival

تنديد tandīd pl. -āt criticism; revilement, abuse, disparagement, defamation

ندب nadaba u (nadb) to mourn, lament, bewail (ه the deceased); to appoint, assign (ل ه s.o. to an office), detail (ل ه s.o. for a job, for a task); to send as a representative or delegate, to delegate, depute, deputize (ه s.o.); to commission, charge, entrust (ه s.o., ب with); -- nadiba a (nadab) to scar over, cicatrize, heal IV = nadiba VIII to appoint, assign (ل ه s.o. to an office), detail (ل ه s.o. for a job, for a task); to commission, charge, empower, authorize (ل ه s.o. to do s.th., ب with), order (ل ه s.o. to do s.th.); to entrust (ل ه to s.o. a task); (mil.) to detach, detail, transfer (ل ه s.o. to); (with نفسه nafsahū) to apply o.s., devote o.s. dedicate o.s. (ل to s.th.); to give (هـ a country) the mandate (على over); to comply readily (ل with an order or instruction), be willing, be prepared, stand ready (ل to); to present o.s. (الى to s.o.), turn (الى toward, to)

ندب nadb weeping, wailing, lamentation; lament, dirge, elegy; assignment, commissioning, delegation, deputation; appointment, authorization, mandation

ندب nadab pl. انداب andāb, ندوب nudūb scar, cicatrice

ندبة nadba pl. انداب andāb, ندوب nudūb scar, cicatrice; scabby wound

ندبة nudba lamentation for the dead; elegy; dirge, funeral song

ندابة nadāba pl. -āt hired female mourner

مندب mandab pl. منادب manādib2 wail, lamentation | باب المندب Bab el Mandeb (strait between SW Arabia and Africa; geogr.)

انتداب intidāb deputation, appointment; commissioning, charging, authorization; detailing, detachment, assignment, mission; (pl. -āt) mandate (over a territory); mandatory rule | دولة الانتداب daulat al-int. mandatory power; لجنة الانتدابات lajnat al-int. Mandate Commission (of the League of Nations)

انتدابي intidābī mandatory | ادارة انتدابية (idāra) mandatory administration

نادبة nādiba pl. -āt, نوادب nawādib2 hired female mourner

مندوب mandūb bewailed, bemoaned, mourned, lamented; regrettable, deplorable, lamentable; -- (pl. -ūn) deputy, delegate, agent, functionary, commissioner; representative; representative of the press, correspondent, reporter (of a newspaper); plenipotentiary, authorized agent; (Isl. Law) recommended | مندوب التأمين insurance agent; مندوب خاص (kaṣṣ) special envoy; مندوب سام (sāmin) High Commissioner; مندوب فوق العادة ambassador extraordinary; مندوب مفوض (mufawwaḍ) plenipotentiary, authorized agent; (dipl.) minister; مندوب فوق العادة ووزير مفوض ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary (official title of ambassadors)

مندوبية mandūbīya delegation; High Commission

منتدب muntadab deputized, delegated; commissioned, charged; entrusted; appointed; assigned, detailed | دولة منتدبة (daula) mandatory power

ندح nadaḥa a (nadḥ) to extend, expand, enlarge (هـ s.th.)

ندحة nadḥa, nudḥa wide, open space; freedom (of action) | لا ندحة عنه (nadḥata) it is indispensable, unavoidable, inevitable; لا اجد لي ندحة عن (ajidu, nadḥatan) I feel compelled to ...

مندوحة mandūḥa pl. منادح manādiḥ2 and منتدح muntadaḥ alternative, choice; freedom of action | لا مندوحة له (mandūḥata) it is indispensable, absolutely necessary, mandatory, imperative for him; لك عنه مندوحة (منتدح ) it is up to you, it is optional for you; لو ير مندوحة من (lam yara mandūḥatan) to feel obligated, feel compelled to ...

1 ندر nadara u (nadr, ندور nudūr) to be rare; to be uncommon, unusual; -- nadura u (ندارة nadāra) to be strange, odd, queer, unusual, extraordinary V to make fun (ب or على of); to joke, jest VI to tell each other stories and jokes

ندر nadr rare; strange, odd

ندرة nadra, nudra and ندورة nudūra rarity, rareness; nadratan rarely, seldom | في الندرة rarely, seldom

اندر andar pl. انادر anādir2 (tun.) threshing floor

اندر andar2 rarer

مندرة mandara pl. منادر manādir2 (tun.) threshing floor; see also below

منادرات munādarāt causeries on amusing, witty topics

تندر tanaddur amusement, fun-making, joking

تنادر tanādur gay chat

نادر nādir rare; infrequent; strange, odd, unusual, uncommon; excellent, precious, priceless; an eccentric, a crank, an odd fellow; نادرا nādiran rarely, seldom | في النادر rarely, seldom; نادر المثال unparalleled, singular, unique; عملة نادرة (‘umla) specie, hard money

نادرة nādira pl. نوادر nawādir2 rarity, rare thing, rare phenomenon; rare, uncommon word; phenomenon, prodigy, extraordinary person; funny, droll story, anecdote, joke; accident, incident

2 مندرة mandara (for منظرة , esp. eg.) pl. منادر manādir2 reception parlor for male visitors; منادر (= مجالس ) parties

ندس nadasa u to throw down, bring to the ground (ه s.o.); to revile, defame, discredit (ه s.o.)

ندف nadafa i (nadf) to tease, comb, or card cotton

ندف nadf teasing, combing, carding (of cotton) | جهاز الندف jahāz an-n. card, carding machine

ندفة nudfa pl. ندف nudaf flock (of wool); flake | ندفة الثلج n. at-talj snowflake

نديف nadīf and مندوف mandūf carded, teased (cotton)

نداف naddāf cotton carder, cotton teaser

مندف mindaf pl. منادف manādif2 teasing bow (for carding cotton)

ندل nadala u (nadl) to snatch away (هـ s.th.)

ندل nadl = نذل

مندالة mindāla rammer

نادل nādil pl. ندل nudul waiter; servant who waits on table

2 مندل mandal: ضرب المندل ḍarb al-m. (eg.) a magic practice in which a fortuneteller, or a medium, prophesies while contemplating a mirror-like surface

منديل look up alphabetically

ندم nadima a (nadam, ندامة nadāma) to repent (على of), rue, regret (على s.th.) III to drink, carouse (ه with s.o.) V = I VI to drink together, carouse together

ندم nadam, ندامة nadāma remorse, repentance, regret

نديم nadīm pl. ندماء nudamā’2, ندام nidām drinking companion; friend, intimate, confidant

ندمان nadmān pl. ندامى nadāmā repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful

مندم mandam remorse, repentance, regret

منادمة munādama drinking companionship, intimate friendship

تندم tanaddum remorse, repentance, regret

نادم nādim pl. ندام nuddām repenting, repentant, rueful, remorseful, regretful

منادم munādim drinking companion, boon companion, intimate

متندم mutanaddim repenting, repent, ant, rueful, remorseful, regretful

نده nadaha a (nadh) to drive, urge, spur on (ه s.o.); to drive away (ه s.o.)

ندا (ندو ) nadā u (nadw) to call (ه s.o.); to invite; to call together, convoke, convene, summon (هـ a meeting); to get together, meet, convene, assemble, gather; -- ندي nadiya a (ندى nadan, نداوة nadāwa, ندوة nudūwa) to be moist, damp, dewy, wet | شيء يندى له الجبين an embarrassing or shocking thing, a disgraceful thing II to moisten, wet, bedew (هـ s.th.) III to shout, call out, cry out, exclaim; to call (ب or ه s.o. or for s.o., also على ), summon (ه s.o., also على ); to call out, shout (ه to s.o.); to call for s.th. (ب ), invite to s.th. (ب ); to proclaim, announce (ب s.th.); to emphasize (ب s.th.); O to announce, act as

announcer (radio); to cry one’s wares, hawk (على s.th. to be sold) | نودي به رئيسا (nūdiya) to be proclaimed president IV = II; to be noble, generous, magnanimous V to he moistened, he bedewed; to show o.s. generous, liberal, openhanded VI and VIII to get together, meet, convene, gather, assemble, form a club

ندوة nadwa council; debating group, study group; club | دار الندوة city hall, town hall; parliament, house of representatives, chamber of deputies

ندوة nudūwa and نداوة nadāwa moistness, moisture, dampness

ندى nadan pl. انداء andā’, اندية andiya moistness, moisture, dampness, wetness; dew; generosity, liberality, magnanimity

ند nadin and نديان nadyān2 moist, damp | ندم الكف al-kaff generous, liberal, openhanded

ندى nadīy moist, damp; tender, delicate | ندى الكف al-kaff generous, liberal, openhanded

نداء nidā’ pl. -āt shout; call; exclamation; summons; public announcement; proclamation, appeal; address; vocative (gram.) | نداء الاستغاثة call for help, distress signal; حرف النداء ḥarf an-n. interjection (gram.); اصدر نداء ل (aṣdara) to issue s proclamation to

مناداة munādāh calling, shouting; call; vocative; public notice, announcement; proclamation | بيع المناداة bai‘ al-m. public sale, auction

ناد nādin pl. اندية andiya, نواد nawādin club; circle; association; clubhouse | ناد رياضي (riyāḍī) athletic club; دار النادي clubhouse

مندى munaddan wet, damp; bedewed, dewy; refreshing

مناد munādin caller; herald; town crier; auctioneer; O announcer (radio)

منادى munādan noun in the vocative (gram.)

مندية mundiya pl. -āt disgraceful, evil deed; insult, abuse, affront

l.s.J.::... muntadan pl. u4,.J.::...o muntadayāt gathering place, assembly room; club

نذر nadara u i (nadr, نذور nudūr) to dedicate, consecrate (لله s.th. to God); to vow, make a vow | نذرت لله ان I vow to God that ..., I swear by God that ...; نذر على نفسه هـ to vow to o.s., make the solemn pledge to ...; -- nadira a (nadar) to have been warned, be on one’s guard (ب against) IV to warn (ب ه s.o. of or against), caution (ب ه s.o. against), admonish (ه s.o.); to announce (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), give notice or warning (ب ه to s.o. of), notify in advance (ه s.o., ب of) | انذره بتسليم منزله (bi-taslīmi manzilihī) he gave him notice to vacate the premises

نذر nadr pl. نذور nudur, نذورات nudūrāt vow, solemn pledge; votive offering, ex-voto

نذير nadīr pl. نذر nudur consecrated to God; vowed, solemnly pledged; warner; herald, harbinger, forerunner; warning; alarm | O نذير الخطر n. al-kaṭar airraid warning

انذار indār pl. -āt warning; announcement, notice; admonition; air-raid warning, alarm | O انذار بوقوع غارات جوية (bi-wuqū’ gārāt jawwiya) or انذار للأخطار الجوية (li-l-akṭār) air-raid warning; انذار نهائي (nihā’ī) ultimatum; O صفارة الإنذار ṣaffārat al-i. warning siren

تناذر tanādur syndrome (med.)

ناذر nādir one who has made a vow

منذور mandūr solemnly pledged, vowed, consecrated to God

منذر mundir warner, cautioner

منذرة mundira alarm signal; warning sign (ب against)

نذل nadula u (نذالة nadāla, نذولة nudūla) to be low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased, depraved

نذل nadl pl. انذال andāl, نذول nudūl low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased, depraved; coward

نذيل nadīl pl. نذلاء nudalā’ 2, نذال nidāl low, base, mean, vile, despicable, debased, depraved; coward

نذالة nadāla depravity

نربيج narbīj pl. نرابيج narābīj2 mouthpiece of a narghile

نربيش narbīš pl. نرابيش narābīš2 mouthpiece of a narghile

نرجس narjis, nirjis narcissus (bot.)

نرد nard backgammon, tricktrack

نردين nardīn nard, spikenard

نرفزة narfaza nervousness

منرفز munarfaz (pal.-syr.) nervous

نرنج naranj bitter orange

نروج nurūj, narūj Norway

نرويج nurwīj Norway

نرويجي nurwījī Norwegian

نز nazza i (nazz, نزيز nazīz) to seep, trickle, ooze, or leak, through; to vibrate (string)

نز nazz, nizz, نزازة nuzāza pl. نزوز nuzūz seepage, leakage water

نز nazz swift, nimble, agile, lively, sprightly; changeable, inconstant, unsteady, fickle

نزة nazza, nizza (sensuous) passion, lust

نزيز nazīz unsteady, inconstant, unstable; sensuous, passionate

نزح nazaḥa a i (nazḥ, نزوح nuzūḥ) to be far off, be distant; to leave (من s.th.), depart, emigrate (or from); to immigrate (الى to); to wander, migrate, rove, roam, range; O to march off, pull out (troops); pass. نزح به nuziḥa bihī to emigrate, be away from home, live abroad; -- (nazḥ) and IV to scoop out, bail out, empty (هـ s.th.); to drain, dry out (هـ a well, a ditch, a latrine, and the like) VIII to emigrate

نزح nazḥ scooping out, emptying; draining, drainage

نزح nazaḥ pl. انزاح anzāḥ muddy water

نزوح nuzūḥ emigration

نزوح nazūḥ and نزيح nazīḥ far-off, faraway, distant, remote

نازح nāziḥ far-off, faraway, distant, remote; going away from home, moving to other lands, leaving for distant shores, emigrating; emigrant; one who scoops out, bails out or empties, a latrine cleaner

نزر nazr and نزير nazīr little; insignificant, trivial, petty; trifle, small amount, insignificant number, negligible portion | نزر الحديث taciturn, of few words; نزر قليل tiny amount

نزع naza‘a i (naz‘) to pull out, extract (هـ s.th.); to remove, take, take away, strike, cross off (عن هـ s.th. from); to take off, shed (هـ a garment); to strip, divest, deprive, rob (هـ من or عن s.o. of s.th.); to wrest, take away (هـ من from s.o. s.th., possession, right, reputation, etc.); to remove (ه s.o. from a position), depose, dismiss, fire, cashier, demote, reduce in rank (ه s.o.); to adduce as proof or in refutation (ب s.th.); (intr.) to move, proceed, go, betake o.s., repair (الى to); to emigrate (الى to); -- (نزوع nuzū‘) to desire (الى s.th.), wish, long, yearn, pine (الى for); to incline, tend, have an inclination or a tendency (الى to); to take on, take over, adopt (الى s.th.), resort (الى to; e.g., to a method); to absent o.s., depart (or from); to desist, abstain, refrain (or from), keep clear (عن of), give up, avoid, eschew (عن s.th.); to be in the throes of death | نزع منه نازع الى (nāzi‘un) he felt a desire for ..., discovered his inclination to II to remove, take away (هـ s.th.) III to fight, struggle, contend, dispute (ه with s.o.), combat (هـ s.th.); to contest, challenge (في s.th.); to attempt to wrest (هـ ه from s.o. s.th.), contest (هـ ه s.o.’s right to s.th.); to be in the throes of death VI to contend with one another; to rival (هـ for s.th.), contest each other’s right (هـ to), carry on a dispute, be at variance (هـ over) VIII to pull out, extract, pluck out, tear out (هـ s.th. .i- from); to match, wrest (هـ من from 1.o. s.th.), tear away, pull off (من هـ s.th. from); to take, draw, borrow (هـ s.th.); to be removed, be taken away

نزع naz‘ removal; withdrawal, elimination; deposition, removal from office; death struggle, agony of death | نزع السلاح disarming, disarmament; مؤتمر نزع السلاح mu’tamar n. as-s. disarmament conference; نزع الملكية n. al-milkīya expropriation

نزعة naz‘a pl. naza‘āt inclination, tendency, leaning; attitude, position, stand

نزوع nuzū‘ striving, endeavor, longing, wish, desire (الى for)

نزاع nazzā‘ tending, having an inclination (الى to), leaning (الى toward)

نزيع nazī‘ pl. نزاع nuzzā‘ stranger

منزع manza‘ pl. منازع manāzi‘ intent, intention, purpose; aim, end, objective, goal; way, method; manner, behavior

منزع minza‘ arrow

نزاع nizā‘ fight, struggle, strife, contest, controversy; dispute; death struggle, agony of death | بلا نزاع (bi-lā) indisputably, incontestibly, incontrovertibly, indubitably, undeniably; عليه نزاع disputed, contested, debatable; لا نزاع فيه (nizā‘a) undisputed, uncontested, unquestioned

منازعة munāza‘a pl. -āt tight, struggle, strife, contention, controversy, quarrel, dissension, discord; dispute; matter in controversy, case at issue (before a court of justice)

تنازع tanāzu‘ tight, struggle, strife, contention, controversy | تنازع البقاء t. al-baqā’ struggle for existence

انتزاع intizā‘ removal, withdrawal, elimination; dispossession, expropriation

نازعة nāzi‘a pl. نوازع nawāzi‘ tendency, inclination, leaning

منزوع manzū‘ removed, taken away | منطقة منزوعة السلاح (minṭaqa) demilitarized zone

منازع munāzi‘ struggling with death, being in the throes of death; contending, fighting, militant, litigious, renitent | ليس من منازع في no one will deny that ...

منازع عليه munāza‘ ‘alaihi contested, disputed, debatable

متنازع mutanāzi‘ conflicting, clashing

متنازع عليه (mutanāza‘) and متنازع فيه contested, disputed, debatable; litigated matter, matter in controversy, case at issue

منتزع muntaza‘ taken, drawn (من from)

نزغ nazg and نزغة pl. nazagāt incitement to evil | نزغ الشيطان n. aš-šaiṭān insinuations of the devil, satanic inspiration

نزف nazafa i (nazf) to drain, exhaust, empty (هـ s.th.); to dry up (هـ a well); to draw off (هـ blood); to be drained, exhausted, spent; pass. نزف دمه nuzifa damuhū to lose much blood, bleed (to death) IV to drain, empty (هـ a well); to be exhausted X to drain off, draw, extract (من هـ s.th. from); to exhaust, consume, use up, swallow up, devour (هـ s.th.)

نزف nazf exhaustion, draining, emptying; hemorrhage; loss of blood | O النزف الدموي (damawī) hemophilis (med.)

نزفة nuzfa small quantity, modicum (of a liquid)

نزيف nazīf weakened by loss of blood; bleeding, effusion of blood; hemorrhage, hemorrhea (med.)

منزوف manzūf exhausted through loss of blood

نزق nazaqa i (nazq) and naziqa a (nazaq, نزوق nuzūq) to storm ahead, rush forward; to be hasty, rash, precipitate, impetuous, lightheaded, frivolous, reckless, ruthless, II to spur on, urge on (هـ a horse)

نزق nazaq haste; rashness, precipitateness, impetuosity; lightheadedness, recklessness, thoughtlessness, frivolity

نزق naziq hasty; rash, precipitate, impetuous; thoughtless, heedless, careless, inattentive, lightheaded, frivolous, flighty, superficial

نزك nazaka u (nazk) to stab, pierce (ه s.o.)

نيزك naizak pl. نيازك nayāzik2 short lance; shooting star, meteor

نزل nazala i (نزول nuzūl) to dismount, alight; to descend, go down, come down, move down, get down, step down, climb down; to get off (من , e.g., a train), get out, step out (من , e.g., of a car), debark, disembark (من from a vessel); to put down, land (airplane); to fall (rain); to descend from heaven, be revealed (esp., the Koran); to fall, sink, sag (prices), drop (water level); to subside, abate, let up, decrease; to stop, or halt, for a rest, to camp; to stop, stop over, put up, take up quarters, take lodgings, lodge, room, stay to live (على or ب at s.o.’s home, also عند ), live, dwell (هـ in a place), inhabit (هـ a place); to step into the arena, take the field, meet an opposing team (sports); to give in, yield (على e.g., to s.o.’s pleas); to give up, renounce, resign (عن ل s.th. in s.o.’s favor), cede, waive, relinquish, abandon (عن s.th.); to resign (عن from); to refrain (عن from), forgo (عن s.th.); to descend, come (ب upon s.o.; misfortune, punishment, etc.), befall, hit, afflict (ب s.o.; misfortune), happen, occur (ب to s.o.); to fall (على upon s.o.), attack, assail, assault (على s.o.); to enter, embark (على upon s.th.), set out (على to do s.th.), tackle, attack (على s.th.), pounce (على on s.th.); (with ب :) to take, bring, lead, etc., s.o. or s.th. down (الى to); -- nazila a (نزلة nazla) to have a cold | نزل الى البر (barr) to disembark, go ashore, land; نزل الى الميدان (maidān) to take the field; نزل دون مننلته (manzilatihī) to sink below one’s level; نزل ضيفا على (ḍaifan) to avail o.s. of s.o.’s hospitality, stay as a guest with s.o.; نزل على حكمه (ḥukmihī) to defer, give in, yield, submit to s.o.; to comply with the standard of s.th.; نزل عند ارادته (irādatihī) to defer to s.o.’s will, do s.o.’s bidding; نزل عند رغبته (طلبه ) (ragbatihī, ṭalabihī) to comply with, or fulfill, s.o.’s wish or demand; منزلا (manzilan) to occupy a place or position, get to a place or into a position; نزل منزله اللائق (manzilahū) to occupy one’s due place; نزل منزلة فلان (manzilata f.) to hold the position of, serve as II to cause to come down; to make (ه s.o.) descend, dismount, or step down; to lower, let down (هـ s.th., e.g., a bucket, a curtain, etc.); to send down (على هـ a revelation to a prophet), reveal (هـ s.th.); to take down, put down (هـ s.th.); to lower, decrease, diminish, lessen, minimize, curtail, reduce (هـ or من s.th.); to dip, tilt (هـ s.th.); to lower, strike (هـ a flag); to relieve, divest, discharge (عن هـ s.o. of), depose, dethrone (عن العرش ه s.o.); to unload (هـ s.th.); to grant hospitality (ه to s.o.). receive hospitably, take in, put up, lodge, accumulate (ه s.o.); to deduct subtract (هـ من s.th. from); to insert, inlay (في هـ s.th. in. e.g., ivory in wood); (Tun.) to cede (هـ s.th.) on the basis of inzāl (q.v.) | نزل درجته (darajatahū) to demote s.o., reduce s.o. in rank III to get into a fight, join issue, clash (ه with s.o.) IV to bring down, take down; to cause to descend, dismount, or step down; to send down. reveal (على ه s.th. to s.o.; of God); to bestow, grant, give (هـ s.th.; of God); to make (ه s.o.) alight, stop, halt, camp, put up, tab up quarters, live, stay, abide (هـ in a place); to unload (هـ s.th.); to take ashore (الى البر هـ ilā l-barr s.th. from a vessel); to land, put ashore, disembark, debark (هـ troops); to lower, strike (هـ a flag); to abase, degrade; to lower, decrease, diminish, reduce (الى هـ number, price, etc., to); to cause (هـ ب to s.o. loss), inflict (هـ ب upon s.o. a loss); to compel, force, coerce (على ه s.o. to) | ما انزل الله به من سلطان (sulṭān) (lit.: God has given it no power, i.e.) futile, vain, fruitless, unavailing, unfounded, absurd, preposterous, completely arbitrary, random; انزل الى البحر (baḥr) to launch (هـ a ship); انزلوهم ضيوفا عليهم (ḍuyūfan) they took them in as guests; انزل به خسارة قادحة (kusāratan fāḍiḥatan) to inflict a heavy loss on s.o.; انزله منزلة فلان (manzilata f.) he had him occupy the same position as, gave him the same status as, made him equal in rank with V to lower o.s., stoop, condescend (الى to s.th.); to abase o.s., humble o.s., demean o.s., eat crow; to give up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo (عن s.th.), refrain (عن from) VI to give up, renounce, resign, waive, forgo (عن ل s.th. in favor of), refrain (عن from), yield, surrender, abandon, relinquish (عن s.th.); to cede (عن ل s.th. to); to leave, assign, transfer, make over (عن ل s.th. to); to lower o.s., stoop, condescend; to deign; to dismount, or line up, for battle | تنازل (تنزل) عن العرش ل (‘arš) to abdicate in favor of; تنازل عن منصب (manṣib) to lay down an office, resign from office X to ask (ه s.o.) to step down; to call down, invoke (هـ s.th.); to make (ه s.o.) descend; to call upon s.o. (ه ) to waive or forgo (عن s.th.); to force (ه the beleaguered) to surrender; to deduct, subtract (~ 0 s.th. from)

نزل nazl pl. نزول nuzūl, نزل nuzûl quarters, lodging; hotel, inn; -- (pl. نزول nuzūl) small tribal unit (of Bedouins); camp, camp site (of nomads, gypsies)

نزل nuzl pl. انزال anzāl food served to a guest

نزلة nazla putting up, stopping, stop, stay, arrival | نزلة الحج al-ḥajj (eg.) festival of the return of the mahmal from Mecca (celebrated in the months of Safar or Rabia I)

نزلة nazla pl. nazalāt cold; catarrh | نزلة شعبية (šu‘abīya) bronchial catarrh; نزلة صدرية (ṣadrīya) bronchitis; نزلة وافدة influenza (med.)

نزالة nizāla settlement, colony

نزول nuzūl descending, descent; dismounting. alighting; getting off or out (of a vehicle), disembarkation, debarkation; landing (of an airplane); arrival; putting up, stopping, stop, stopover, stay; cession, surrender, relinquishment, renunciation, resignation; falling, fall, drop; sinking; decline in prices, price slump | نزولا على according to, in accordance with, in deference to; نزولا عند رغبته (ragbatihī) in compliance with his wish, in deference to his wish, at his request; نزولا عند طلبه (ṭalabihī) in compliance with his demand, in accordance with his request; نزول المطر n. al-maṭar rainfall

نزولي nuzūlī relative to decline (in prices and stocks), recessive, falling, sinking

نزيل nazīl pl. نزلاء nuzalā’2 guest; stranger; lodger, boarder; inmate; occupant, tenant

منزل manzil pl. منازل manāzil2 stopping place, way station, camp site; apartment, fiat; house; lunar phase; see also under verb I | منزل الاستراحة resthouse; منازل اللهو واللعب m. al-lahw wa-l-la‘b amusement centers; اهل المنزل ahl al-m. household, family; صاحب المنزل landlord

منزلي manzilī domestic, house (adj.); private; household (adj.)

منزلة manzila degree, grade, rank; position, status, standing; dignity; see also under verb I and IV

تنزيل tanzīl sending down, bringing down; revelation, inspiration; reduction, diminution, lowering, lessening, decrease; -- (pl. -āt) reduction (of prices); subtraction (arith.); deduction, discount; inlaying, inlay work | تنزيل الرتبة t. ar-rutba or تنزيل المقام t. al-maqām, demotion, reduction in rank; تنزيل نقدي (naqdī) currency devaluation

نزال nizāl and منازلة munāzala lining up for battle; encounter, battle, fight

انزال inzāl bringing down, lowering; landing, debarkation, disembarkation; ejaculation of sperm; (pl. -āt) lease contract for life over a habous estate (Tun.) | انزال الى البحر (baḥr) launching (of a ship); انزال الى العمل (‘amal) commissioning (of a ship)

تنازل tanāzul condescension; yielding, relenting; relinquishment, surrender, waiver, renunciation; transfer, assignment, cession; resignation, abdication; lining up for battle; struggle, fight, battle | عدم التنازل ‘adam at-t. relentlessness, intransigence; عقد التنازل ‘aqd at-t. deed of cession

استنزال istinzāl deduction, discount

نازل nāzil living, resident

نازلة nāzila pl. نوازل nawāzil occurrence, event; mishap, accident, calamity, reverse, blow of fate; (tun.) (judicial) case, legal action | نازلة مدنية (madanīya; tun.) civil action; اوراق نازلة (tun.) records of a lawsuit; قسم النوازل qism an-n. (tun.) division for contentious matters (of a court of justice); قام بنازلة (tun.) to take legal action, commence a lawsuit

منزول manzūl (eg.) a kind of narcotic

منزولي manzūlī (egs.) narcotic addict, dope addict

منزل munazzal inlaid (with ivory or a precious metal)

منزل munzal sent down (from heaven), revealed

متنازل mutanāzil abdicating, resigning; one who waives, cedes or asap a right, assignor

مستنزل mustanzil lessee on the basis of inzāl (Tun.; see above)

نزنز to rock, dandle (a baby)

نزه nazuha u (نزاهة nazāha) to be far (عن from), be untouched. unblemished (عن by), be free (عن from); to steer clear (عن of), keep away, refrain (عن from, esp., from a base or dishonorable action); -- naziha a to be respectable, honorable, decent II to deem or declare (ه s.o.) above s.th. (عن ) V = nazuha; to be (far) above s.th. (عن ); to go for a walk, take a walk, promenade, stroll about; to go out, to amuse o.s., enjoy o.s., have a good time

نزه nazih and نزيه nazīh pl. نزهاء nuzahā’2, نزاه nizāh pure, chaste, blameless, above reproach, of unblemished record, decent, honorable, respectable; honest, upright. righteous; scrupulous, correct; impartial

نزه nazah and نزاهة nazāha purity, blamelessness, honesty; uprightness, righteousness, probity, integrity, respectability; impartiality

نزهة nuzha pl. نزه nuzah, -āt walk, stroll, promenade; pleasure ride; outing, excursion, pleasure trip; recreation; amusement. entertainment, diversion, fun; excursion spot, picnic ground, sight-seeing spot, tourist attraction

منزهة manzaha pl. منازه manāzih2 recreation ground, park, garden

تنزيه tanzīh elimination of anthropomorphic elements from the conception of deity, deanthropomorphism (theol.)

تنزه tanazzuh pl. -āt walk, stroll, promenade

منزه munazzah infallible, free (عن from), (far) above s.th. (عن )

متنزه mutanazzih pl. -ūn walker, stroller, promenader; excursionist

متنزه mutanazzah promenade, walk, stroll, park

منتزه muntazah pl. -āt promenade, walk, stroll; recreation ground; park

1 نزا (نزو ) nazā u (نزو nazw, nuzūw, نزوان nazawān) to spring, jump, leap, bound; -- (نزوان nazawān) to escape (عن s.th.) | نزا به قلبه الى (qalbuhū) to long, yearn for V to spring, jump, leap, bound; to be in a state of great commotion, be violently agitated, to heave, tremble (breast)

نزوان nazawān sally, sortie; outburst, outbreak, eruption

نزوة nazwa pl. nazawāt (n. vic.) jump, leap, bound; sally, sortie; outburst, outbreak, eruption; surge, dare, dare-up; impetuosity, violence, vehemence; fit, attack, paroxysm; sudden mood, caprice, whim

2 نازي and نازية look up alphabetically

نسأ nasa’a a (نسء nas’) to put off, postpone, delay, defer, procrastinate (هـ s.th.), -- (نساء nasā’) to allow (ه s.o.) time to pay, grant (ه s.o.) credit IV = I

نساء nasā’ long life, longevity

نساء nisā’ women, see نسو

نسيئة nasī’a credit, delay of payment, nasī’atan on credit

منسأة minsa’a stick, staff

نسب nasaba u i (nasab, نسبة nisba) to relate, refer (الى هـ s.th. to), link, correlate, bring into relation (الى هـ s.th. with), to trace (الى هـ s.th. to s.o. as the originator, الى ه s.o.’s ancestry to); to ascribe, attribute, impute. lay (ل or الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), charge (ل or الى هـ with s.th. s.o.), accuse (ل or الى هـ of s.th. s.o.) III to stand in the same relationship (ه to s.o.); to correspond (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), tally (هـ with s.th.), to suit, fit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), go (هـ, ه with), become, befit, behoove (ه s.o.); to harmonize, agree, be in keeping, be compatible, consistent (هـ with), to be similar (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.), resemble (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be like s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ); to be in agreement, in conformity, in accordance. to tally, check (هـ with), be conformable (هـ to), to be of the same family (ه as), be or become related by marriage (ه to) VI to be related to one another, be relatives; to be alike, be akin, be mutually corresponding, be interrelated, be in agreement or conformity, be in the right proportion, be proportionate, match, fit together, go together; to be in agreement, in conformity, in accordance, to tally, check (مع with), be conformable (مع to) VIII to be related (الى to s.o.); to derive one’s origin (الى from), trace one’s ancestry (الى to), to derive one's name (الى from), be named (الى after), to belong, pertain, be relative (الى to), to be associated (الى with), belong (الى to a clan, a party, a faction, etc.); to attach o.s. (الى to), associate, affiliate (الى with), to join (الى e.g., a political party), to be admitted (الى to a community), be affiliated (الى with, esp., as an extraordinary, not a full, member) X to trace back the ancestry (ه of s.o.), to deem proper (هـ s.th.), approve (هـ of), sanction, condone (هـ s.th.)

نسب nasab pl. اناسب anāsib lineage, descent; origin. extraction, derivation, provenience; kinship, relationship, affinity, relationship by marriage | سلسلة النسب silsilat an-n. family tree, pedigree, ancestral line, genealogy; علماء الأنساب ‘ulamā’ al-a. genealogists

نسبة nisba ascription, attribution, imputation; kinship, relationship, affinity, relationship by marriage; connection, link; agreement, conformity, affinity; -- (pl. نسب nisab) relation, reference, bearing; ratio, rate; measure; proportion (math.); percentage; adjective denoting descent or origin, ending in ـي | نسبة الى (nisbatan) and (ل or) بالنسبة الى in respect to, with regard to, regarding, concerning, as to; as compared with, in comparison with; in relation to, with reference to; for, to; على نسبة in proportion to, in keeping

with, in accordance with, according to, corresponding to, commensurate with; نسبة الموت al-maut death rate; نسبة مئوية (mi’awīya) percentage

نسبي nisbī relative, comparative; percentual, percentile; proportional; نسبيا nisbīyan relatively | وزن نسبي (wazn) specific gravity

نسبية nisbīya relativity

نساب nisāb genealogist

نسيب nasīb erotic introduction of the ancient Arabic kasida; -- (pl. , انسباء ansibā’2) relative, kinsman (by mania~e);

brother-in-law; son-in-law; descending from a distinguished family, patrician, highborn, noble

انسب ansab2 more adequate, more appropriate, more suitable, better qualified, fitter

مناسبة mun<isaba suitability, suitableness, appropriateness, aptness, adequacy; fitness; correlation, analogy, correspondence; kinship, relationship. affinity; (pl. -āt) relation, reference, bearing, relevancy, pertinence; link; connection; occasion, opportunity | في مناسبة or لمناسبة or بمناسبة on the occasion of; بهذه المناسبة in this connection; لهذه المناسبة due to these circumstances, for this reason, therefore, consequently, hence; في كل مناسبة whenever an opportunity arises, at every suitable occasion

تناسب tanāsub proportional relation, proportionality; proportionateness, balance, evenness; uniformity; regularity, symmetry; harmony; O proportion, mathematical equation; reciprocal relationship, interrelation; link, connection | عدم التناسب ‘adam at-t. disproportion

انتساب intisāb membership; affiliation | طالب بالانتساب student by affiliation

منسوب mansūb related, brought into relation; attributed, ascribed, imputed (الى to s.o.); belonging, pertaining (الى to); relative (to), concerning, regarding (s.o. or s.th.); -- (pl. مناسيب manāsīb2) level, altitude; water level | منسوب البحر m. al-baḥr sea level; مناسيب عالية (‘āliya) high water levels, high waters

منسوبية mansūbīya nepotism

مناسب munāsib suitable, fitting, appropriate, proper, adequate; corresponding, commensurate; correspondent, congruous, analogous, conformable; proportional (math.)

متناسب mutanāsib proportionate, properly proportioned; proportional; mutually corresponding, analogous | متناسب الأجزاء even, regular, symmetrical

منتسب muntasib member, affiliate | عضو منتسب (‘uḍw) associate (e.g., of an academy)

ناسوت nāsūt human nature, humanity

نسج nasaja u i (nasj) to weave (هـ s.th.); to knit | نسج على منواله (minwālihī) to imitate s.o., follow in s.o.’s tracks, walk in s.o.’s footsteps, act or proceed like s.o.; نسج نسجه (nasjahū) do. VIII to be woven

نسج nasj weaving; fabric, texture | نسج الخيال al-kayāl fabling, flight of fancy

نساج nassāj weaver

نساجة nisāja art of weaving; weaver’s trade, textile industry

نسيج nasīj pl. نسوج nusūj, انسجة ansija, انساج ansāj texture, web, tissue (also anat.); woven fabric, textile | نسيج خلوي (kalawī) cellular tissue (anat.); نسيج العنكبوت n. al-‘ankabūt spider’s web, cobweb; نسيج وحده n. waḥdihī unique in his (its) kind, singular, unparalleled; نسيج عصره n. ‘aṣrihī unique in his (its) time

منسج mansaj, mansij pl. مناسج manāsij weaver’s shop, weaving mill

منسج minsaj loom

منسوج mansūj woven; woven fabric, textile; texture, tisane, web; pl. منسوجات woven goods, dry goods, textiles

نسخ nasaka a (nask) to delete (هـ s.th.); to abolish (هـ s.th.); to abrogate, invalidate (هـ s.th.); to repeal, revoke, withdraw (هـ s.th.); to cancel (هـ a contract); to replace (ب هـ s.th. by), substitute (ب هـ for s.th. s.th. else); to transcribe, copy (هـ s.th.) III to supersede, supplant, replace (هـ s.th.), take the place (هـ of s.th.) V to be deleted, abolished, abrogated, invalidated VI to succeed, each other, follow successively; to pass from one body into another, transmigrate (soul) VIII to abolish, cancel, abrogate, invalidate (s.th.); to transcribe, copy (هـ s.th.) X to demand the abolition (هـ of s.th.); to transcribe, copy (هـ s.th.)

نسخ nask abolition, abolishment, abrogation, cancellation, invalidation; copying, transcription | قلم النسخ qalam an-n. Neskhi ductus (see below); آ لة النسخ duplicating machine, mimeograph; copying press

نسخي naskī Neskhi, the ordinary cursive Arabic script, the common calligraphic style

نسخة nuska pl. نسخ nusak transcript; copy (also, e.g., of a book, of a newspaper, etc.)

نساخ nasssāk pl. نساخة nassāka copyist, transcriber; scribe, scrivener, clerk

تناسخ tanāsuk succession; transmigration of souls, metempsychosis

استنساخ istinsāk copying, transcription

ناسخ nāsik pl. نساخ nusssāk abrogative, abolishing; copyist, transcriber | آية ناسخة Koranic verse which abrogates and supersedes another verse

منسوخ mansūk abrogated (Koranic verse)

نسر V to get torn; to break, snap X to become eagle-like

نسور nasr pl. نسور nusūr, نسورة nusūra eagle; vulture

نسارية nusārīya eagle

ناسور nāsūr pl. نواسر nawāsir2 fistula, tumor

منسر minsar, mansir, pl. مناسر manāsir2 beak (of predatory birds); band, gang, group, troop

نسطوري nusṭūrī pl. نساطرة nasāṭira Nestorian

نسغ nusg (of a plant)

نسف nasafa i (nasf) to pulverize, atomize, spray (هـ s.th.); to carry away and scatter (wind -- the dust); to blow up, blast (هـ s.th.); O to torpedo (هـ a ship) IV to scatter (esp., wind -- the dust) VIII to raze (هـ s.th.); to blow up, blast (هـ s.th.)

نسف nasf blowing up, blasting; destruction, demolition

نساف nussāf pl. نساسيف nasāsīf a variety of swallow; rhinoceros hornbill (zool.)

نسافة nusāfa chaff

نسافة nassāfa pl. -āt torpedo boat

منسف minsaf and منسفة minsafa pl. مناسف manāsif2 winnow

ناسف nāsif and ناسفة nāsifa explosive, dynamite

نسق nasaqa u (nasq) and II to string (هـ pearls); to put in proper order, arrange nicely, range, array, order, marshal, dispose (هـ s.th.); to set up, line up (هـ s.th.) V to be well-ordered, be in proper order, be nicely arranged; to be arranged, arrayed, disposed VI do.; to be geared to each other, be well-coordinated (weapons) VIII = V

نسق nask ordering, successive arrangement, lining up, alignment

نسق nasaq order, array, layout, arrangement, disposition; connection, succession, sequence; manner, mode, system, method; symmetry; نسقا nasaqan in regular order, in rows | على نسق in the manner of; على نسق واحد in the same manner, equally, evenly, uniformly; حروف النسق conjunctions (gram.)

نسيق nasīq well-ordered, well-arranged, regular, even, uniform

تنسيق tansīq ordering, arraying; setting up, drawing up; distribution, disposition; arrangement; systematic arrangement; planned economy | تنسيق داخلي (dākilī) interior decoration

تنسق tanassuk uniformity

تناسق tanāsuk order; symmetry; harmony

منسق munasaq well-ordered, well-arranged; staggered (troop formation); harmonious

متناسق mutanāsiq well-ordered, well-arranged, regular, symmetrical

نسك nasaka u and nasuka u (نساكة nasāka) to lead a devout life; to live the life of an ascetic V do.; to be pious, devout, otherworldly

نسك nask, nusk, nusuk piety, devoutness; asceticism; reclusion

نسكي nusukī ascetic (adj.)

نسك nusuk sacrifice; ceremonies (of the pilgrimage)

ناسك nāsik pl. نساك nussāk hermit, recluse, penitent; ascetic; pious man, devotee

منسك mansik pl. مناسك manāsik2 hermitage, cell of an ascetic; place of sacrifice; ceremony, ritual, esp., during the pilgrimage

نسل nasala u (nasl) to beget, procreate, sire, father (ه children); -- u to pluck out (هـ s.th.); to pluck (هـ s.th.); to ravel out, unravel, untwist, fray (هـ s.th.); to molt; (نسول nusūl) to fall out (hair, feathers) II to separate into fibers, to shred, ravel (هـ rags); to unravel, undo (هـ a woven or knitted fabric) IV to beget, procreate, sire, father (ه children); to molt; to fall out (hair, feathers) VI to propagate, breed, reproduce, multiply; to beget offspring; to descend, be descended (من from)

نسل nasl pl. انسال ansāl progeny, offspring, issue, descendants | تقليل النسل birth control; الحرث والنسل (ḥart) the civilization of mankind

نسالة nusāla fibrous waste, thrums; ravelings; lint

O نسالة nassāla raveling machine, willow

نسولة nasūla brood animal

O نسيلة nasīla offprint, reprint

انسال insāl procreation, generation

تناسل tanāsul sexual propagation, procreation, generation, reproduction | اعضاء التناسل sexual organs, genitals; ضعف التناسل ḍu‘f at-t. sexual impotence

تناسلي tanāsulī procreative, propagative; genital, sexual | مرض تناسلي (maraḍ) venereal disease

تناسليات tanāsulīyāt sexual organs

نسم nasama i (nasm, نسمان nasamān) to blow gently II to commence, start, begin

(في s.th.) V to blow; to breathe; to inhale (هـ s.th.); to-exhale (ب a fragrant smell), smell pleasantly, be redolent (ب of), be fragrant (ب with) | تنسم الخبر (kabara) to nose around for news, sniff out the news

نسم nasam pl. انسام ansām breath; breath of life

نسمة nasama pl. -āt breath; whiff, waft; breeze; O aura; breathing, living creature; person, soul (e.g., in a census, as a numerative in statistics)

نسيم nasīm pl. نسام nisām, نسائم nasā’im2 breath of air, fresh air; wind, breeze | شم النسيم šamm an-n. Egyptian popular holiday celebrated on the Monday following Greek-Coptio Easter

منسم mansim pl. مناسم manāsim2 foot sole, padded foot (of animals)

متنسم mutanassim (with foll. genit.) place where s.th. blows, is exhaled, emanates, or exudes

نسانس nanās, nisnās pl. نسانس nasānis2 a fabulous creature of the woods, having one leg and one arm; (eg.) monkey

نسوة niswa, نسوان niswān and نساء nisā’ women (pl. of امرأة )

نسوي nisawī and نسائي nisā’ī female, feminine, womanly, women’s; نسائيات women’s affairs, things belonging to a woman’s world

نسائية nisā’īya feminist movement

نسي nasiya a (nasy, نسيان nisyān) to forget (هـ s.th.) | ما انس لا انس mā ansa lā ansā (lit.: whatever I may forget, I shall not forget, i.e.) I shall never forget; sometimes also: ما انس لا انسى (ansā) and ان انس فلا انسى (in) I shall never forget IV to make (ه s.o.) forget (هـ s.th.) VI to pretend to have forgotten (هـ s.th.); to forget, neglect, omit (هـ s.th.), become oblivious (هـ of)

نسي nasy oblivion, forgetfulness; s.th. one hal forgotten | اصبح نسيا منسيا aṣbaḥa nasyan mansīyas to be completely forgotten, fall into utter oblivion

نسي nasīy, نساء nassā’ and نسيان nisyān2 forgetful, oblivious

نسيان nisyān oblivion, forgetfulness

منسي mansīy forgotten; pl. منسيات (as opposed to محفوظات ) things once memorized and now forgotten

نش našša i (našš, نشيش nasīš) to sizzle, simmer, bubble, boil up; to hiss; -- to drive away flies

ورق نشاش waraq naššāš blotting paper

منشة minašša fly whisk

نشأ naša’a a and نشؤ našū’a u (نشء naš’, نشوء nušū’, نشأة naš’a) to rise, rise aloft, emerge, appear, loom up; to come into being, come into existence, originate, form, arise, come about, crop up; to proceed, spring (من or عن from), grow out (من or عن of); to follow, ensue, result, derive (من or عن from); to grow, grow up; to develop, evolve | نشأ نشوءا ذاتيا (dātīyan) to start by iteslf, arise spontaneously, come about automatically II to cause to grow; to bring up, raise (هـ a child) IV to cause (هـ s.th.) to rise; to create, bring into being (هـ s.th., of God); to bring forth, produce, generate, engender (هـ s.th.), give rise (هـ to s.th.); to make, manufacture, fabricate (هـ s.th.); to build, construct (هـ s.th.); to call into existence, originate, start, found, establish, organize. institute (هـ s.th.); to set up, erect (هـ s.th.); to install (هـ s.th.); to compose, draw up (هـ a piece of writing), write (هـ a book); to bring up, raise, rear (ه a child); to begin, start, commence, initiate (هـ s.th.) V to grow, develop, spread, gain ground X to search, ask, look (هـ for news)

نشء naš’ youth; new generation | النشء الجديد the young generation

نشأة naš’a growing up, upgrowth, growth; early life. youth; rise, birth, formation, genesis; origin; youth, young generation; culture, refinement; upbringing. background (of a person) | نشأة مستأنفة (musta’nafa) rebirth, renaissance

نشوء nusii’ growing, growth, development, evolution | O مذهب النشوء والترقي madhab an-n. wa-t-taraqqī theory of evolution, evolutionism

O النشوئيون an-nušū’īyūn the evolutionists

منشأ manša’ place of origin or up-growth; birth place, home town, home; fatherland, homeland, native country; origin, rise, birth, formation, genesis; source, springhead, fountainhead; beginning, start, onset

تنشيء tanšī’ upbringing, education

تنشئة tanši’a upbringing, education

إنشاء inšā’ creation; origination; bringing about; setting up. Establishment, organization, institution; formation; making, manufacture, production; erection; building, construction; founding, foundation; installation; composition, compilation, writing; letter writing; style, art of composition; essay, treatise | انشاءات عسكرية (‘askarīya) military installations; اعادة الإنشاء i’ādat al-i. reconstruction

إنشائي inšā’ī creative; constructive; relating to composition or style; stylistic; editing, editorial | برنامج إنشائي (barnāmaj) production program; قطعة انشائية (qiṭ‘a) exercise in composition; موضوع انشائي theme, composition

ناشئ nāši’ growing, growing up; arising, originating, proceeding, emanating, springing, resulting (or from); beginner; (in sports) junior; youngster, youth

ناشئة nāši’a youth, rising generation

منشئ munši’ creating; creative; creator; organizer, promoter, founder; author, writer

منشأة munša’a pl. -āt creation, product, work, OpUs; foundation, establishment; installation; institution, institute; pl. installations (e.g., industrial, military)

1 نشب našiba a (našb, نشبة nušba, نشوب nušūb) to be fixed, be attached, cling, stick, adhere (في to); to attend (ب s.th.), be incident (ب to); to get involved (في in), meddle (في with); to break out (war) | ما نشب or لم ينشب not to hesitate II and IV to stick on, paste on, attach, fix, insert (هـ s.th.)

نشب našb property, possession

نشوب nušūb clinging, adherence (في to); outbreak

نشاب naššāb arrow maker; archer, bowman

نشاب nuššāb (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نشاشيب našāšīb2 arrows

منتشب muntašib fierce, violent (battle)

2 منشوبية look up alphabetically

نشج našaja i (نشيج našīj) to sob

نشد našada u (našd, نشدة našda, نشدان nišdān) to seek (هـ s.th.), look, search (هـ for); to adjure, implore (ه ه s.o. by, e.g., الله allaha by God) III to adjure, implore (ان يفعل ه or هـ ه s.o. to do s.th., ه ه s.o. by, e.g., الله allāha by God) IV to seek (هـ s.th.), look, search (هـ for); to sing (هـ s.th.); to recite (هـ ه to s.o. verses) VI to recite verses to each other X to ask (ه s.o.) to recite verses

نشيد našīd and انشودة unšūda pl. نشائد našā’id2, انشاد anšād, اناشيد anāšīd2 song; hymn, anthem | نشيد الأناشد or نشيد الأنشاد the Song of Solomon, the Song of Songs; النشيد الأممي (umamī) the International; نشيد حماسي (ḥamāsī) rallying song; نشيد عسكري (‘askarī) soldier’s song, marching song; military march; نشيد قومي (qaumī) or نشيد وطني (waṭanī) national anthem; نشيد ليلي (lailī) serenade; نشيد ملكي (malakī) royal anthem

مناشدة munāšada urgent request, earnest appeal, adjuration

انشاد inšād recitation, recital

منشود manšūd sought, aspired, desired, pursued (aim, objective)

منشد munšid singer

نشادر nušādir and نوشادر nūšādir ammonia

نشر našara u (našr) to spread out (هـ s.th.); to unfold, open (هـ s.th.); to unroll (هـ s.th.); to hoist (هـ a flag); -- u i to spread, diffuse, emit (هـ e.g., a scent); to announce publicly, publicize (هـ s.th.); to publish (هـ a book, an advertisement, etc.); to propagate, spread (هـ s.th.); -- u (našr, نشور nušūr) to resurrect from the dead (ه s.o.); -- to saw apart (هـ s.th.) II to spread out, unfold (هـ s.th.) IV to resurrect from the dead (ه s.o.) V to be spread out, be unfolded; to spread VIII to be spread out, be unfolded; to spread (news, a disease, etc.); to spread out, extend, expand; to be propagated, be conveyed (waves); to be diffused, be scattered, be dispersed, be thrown into disorder; O to fan out, extend (mil.)

نشر našr unfolding; spreading, diffusion; propagation; promulgation; publication; notification, announcement; resurrection | نشر الدعوة n. ad-da‘wa propaganda; .r;J1 r.J! lIa..m an·n. Day of Resurrection; دار النشر publishing house

نشرة našra pl. našarāt (public) notice, proclamation; publication; report, account; announcement; advertisement; circular; leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; periodical; order, ordinance, decree, edict | نشرة الأخبار or نشرة اخبارية (ikbārīya) newscast, news (radio); نشرة دورية (daurīya) periodical publication; نشرة اسبوعية (usbū‘īya) weekly publication, weekly paper; newsreel; نشرات جوية (jawwīya) weather report (radio); نشر خاصة بالأسعار (kāṣṣa) prospectus, price list; نشرة يومية (rasmīya) official publication, bulletin; نشرة شهرية (šahrīya) monthly publication; O نشرة يومية (yaumīya) order of the day (mil.)

نشار naššār sawyer

نشارة nišāra (activity of) sawing

نشارة nušāra sawdust

نشور nušūr resurrection | يوم النشور yaum an-n. Day of Resurrection

منشار minšār pl. مناشير manāšīr2 saw

انتشار intišār spreading, spread, diffusion, diffusiveness

ناشر nāšir publisher

منشور manšūr spread abroad. propagated, made public, published; sawn (apart); -- (pl. -āt, مناشير manāšīr2) leaflet, pamphlet, handbill; circular; prospectus; proclamation; order, ordinance, decree, edict; prism (math.)

منشوري look up alphabetically

منتشر muntašir spreading, spread out; widespread, current, rife; prevailing, prevalent, predominant

نشز našaza u i (našz) to be elevated, be located high above; to rise; -- (نشوز nušūz) to be recalcitrant, disobedient (على, من, ب toward her husband; said of a woman); to treat (a wife) brutally (said of a man) IV to restore to life, revive, reanimate (هـ s.th.)

نشز našaz pl. انشاز anšāz elevated place, high ground

نشاز našāz dissonance, discord

نشوز nušūz animosity, hostility; antipathy; dissonance, discord; (īsl. Law) violation of marital duties on the part of either husband or wife, specif., recalcitrance of the woman toward her husband, and brutal treatment of the wife by the husband

ناشز nāšiz protruding, elevated, raised; jarring, dissonant, discordant; recalcitrant

ناشزة nāšiza pl. نواشز nawāšiz2 recalcitrant woman, shrew, termagant

نشط našiṭa a (نشاط našāṭ) to be lively, animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and energy (في in some work), be energetic and active, work energetically and actively (الى for, toward); to be in the mood (ل for), feel like doing s.th. (ل ); to be glad, enthusiastic (ل about); to apply o.s. eagerly, attend actively (ل to some activity), embark briskly (ل upon s.th.) | نشط من عقاله (‘iqālihī) to be freed from one’s shackles, be unfettered, be unshackled; -- našafa u (našf) to tie a knot

(هـ in a rope), knot (. a rope) II and IV to incite, spur on, enliven, stimulate, activate, excite (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to strengthen, invigorate, animate, inspirit, energize (ه s.o.), impart vim and energy (ه to s.o.), encourage, embolden (ه s.o., الى to do s.th.); to knot, tie up (هـ s.th.) V to be lively, animated, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, spirited, active, eager, keen, zealous, brave, cheerful, gay; to display vim and energy (في in some work), be energetic and active, work energetically and actively (الى for, toward); to be in the mood (ل for), feel like doing s.th. (ل )

نشط našiṭ lively, animated, spirited, brisk, sprightly, vivacious, agile, nimble; stirring, bustling, busy, enterprising, energetic, active

نشطة našṭa energy; eagerness, ardor, zeal

نشاط našāṭ briskness, sprightliness, liveliness, animation, vivacity; agility, alacrity, eagerness, ardor, zeal, energy, vim, activeness; activity; lively activity, action, operation; strength, power (physical and mental); vigor, vital energy, vitality | نشاط جوي (jawwī) aerial activity; نشاط اشعاعي (iš‘ā‘ī) radioactivity; ذو نشاط اشعاعي radioactive; مواد ذات نشاط اشعاعي (mawād2) radioactive substances, radioactive matter; صاحب نشاط active; عديم النشاط inactive, dull, listless (stock market)

نشيط našīṭ pl. نشاط nišāṭ brisk, lively, spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring, bustling, busy, active, energetic; glad, happy, enthusiastic (ل about), actively devoted (ل to) | الجنس النشيط (jins) the stronger sex

انشوطة unšūṭa pl. اناشيط anāšīṭ2 knot, slipknot, bow, noose

منشط manšaṭ pleasant thing

تنشيط tanšīṭ encouragement, incitement; stimulation; enlivening, animation, activation

ناشط nāšiṭ brisk, lively, spirited, animated, cheerful, gay; stirring, bustling, busy, active, energetic

منشط munšiṭ spur, incentive, impetus, stimulus

نشع naša‘a a (naš‘) to tear out, tear off (هـ s.th.) VIII do.

نشع naš‘ leakage water, seepage

منشع munašša‘ sodden, soggy, soaked, drenched, soaking wet

نشف našafa u (našf) to suck up, absorb (هـ s.th.); -- nasifa a to dry, dry up, dry out, become dry II to dry, make dry (هـ s.th.); to wipe (dry), rub dry (هـ s.th.) | نشف ريقه (rīqahū) to exert o.s., toil hard; to pester, molest s.o. V = nasifa; to wipe o.s. dry; to be wiped dry, be dried

نشف našaf desiccation, dryfless

نشاف naššāf blotting paper

نشافة naššāfa sheet of blotting paper, blotting pad; blotter; towel

منشفة minšafa pl. مناشف manāšif towel; cleaning rag; napkin

تنشيف tanšīfdrying

ناشف nāšif desiccated, dried up, dry; hard, stiff, tough

نشق našiqa a (našq and našaq) to smell, sniff, inhale (هـ sth.); to suff up the nosrils(هـ s.th.) II and IV to give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) to smell, make (ه s.o.) inhale (هـ s.th.) V and VIII to inhale, breathe in; to snuff up the nostrils (هـ s.th.) | انتشق الهواء (hawā’a) to get some fresh air X = I; to nose around (هـ for), sniff out (هـ s.th.)

نشق našq, تنشق tanaššuq and استنشاق istinšāq inhaling, inhalation

نشوق našūq, nušūq snuff

تنشيقة tanšīqa pinch of snuff

نشل našala u (naš) to take away, snatch away, steal, pilfer (هـ s.th.); to extricate (from dangers, difficulties, etc.), liberate, deliver, save (ه s.o.) VIII to extricate; to raise, raise aloft; to gather up, pick up (shipwrecked persons, etc.), save, rescue (ه s.o.)

نشل našl pickpocketing, pickpocketry

نشال naššāl pickpocket

نشان nišān and نيشان nīšān pl. نياشين nayāšīn2 sign; mark; aim, goal; target; decoration, medal. order; ('1/.) bridal attire

نشنجي našanjī and نشانجي naānjī marksman, good shot, sharpshooter

نشنكاه nišankāh sight (of a gun)

نشنش našnaša to be nimble, swift, brisk, adroit, dexterous, agile, active; to boil up, sizzle, simmer, bubble II tanašnaša to be nimble and dexterous; to revive, recover, pick up

(نشو and نشي) نشي našiya a (نشوة našwa, nušwa, nišwa) to be or become intoxicated, be or become drunk II to starch (هـ clothes, linen) VIII to become intoxicated X to smell (هـ a scent), to inhale (هـ a breeze)

نشوة našwa fragrance, aroma, scent, perfume; intoxication, drunkenness; frenzy, delirium | نشوة الطرب n. aṭ-ṭarab rapture, elation, exultation, enthusiasm, ecstasy

نشا našan scent, perfume; starch, cornstarch

نشاء našā’ starch, cornstarch

نشوي našawī starchy; pl. نشويات starchy foodstuffs

نشوان našawān2, f. نشوى našwā, pl. نشاوى našāwā intoxicated, drunk; enraptured, elated, exultant, flushed

انتشاء intišā’ intoxication

نص naṣṣa u (naṣṣ) to fix, lay down, appoint, stipulate (على s.th.), provide (على for), specify, determine (على or عن s.th.), define (على s.th.); to fix or determine the text (هـ of s.th.), draw up, compose (هـ a letter); to arrange, stack, pile up in layers (هـ s.th.); to set up, line up (هـ s.th.)

نص pl. نصوص text; wording, version; passage, word, phrase, sentence, clause; expression, manner of expression, language, phraseology, style; provision, term, stipulation, condition; arrangement; manifestation, evidence | بنصه verbatim, بنصه وفصه bi-n. wa-faṣṣihī in the very words, ipsissimis verbis, literally, precicely; نصا وروحا naṣṣan wa-rūḥan in letter and spirit

نصة nuṣṣa pl. نصص nuṣaṣ, forelock

منصة minṣa pl. -āt, مناص manāṣṣ2 raised platform, dais, tribune, podium; bridal throne; easel | منصة الحكم m. al-ḥukm position of power; منصة الخطابة rostrum

تنصيص tanṣīṣ quotation | علامات التنصيص ‘alāmāt at-t. quotation marks

منصوص عليه manṣūṣ ‘alaihi fixed, appointed, stipulated, provided for, specified; determined; laid down in writing

نصب naṣaba u (naṣb) to raise, rear, erect, set up, put up (هـ s.th.); to prepare, get ready, fit up (هـ s.th.); to pitch (هـ a tent); to plant, raise (هـ a standard, a flagstaff), hoist (هـ a flag); to plant (هـ a tree); O to level, aim (هـ a cannon); to appoint to an office, install in an official position; to show, manifest, display (ل toward s.o., هـ evil, enmity); to direct, aim (هـ s.th., e.g., criticism, على against or at s.o.); (eg.) to cheat, swindle, dupe, gull, deceive (على s.o.); (gram.) to pronounce (a final consonant) with the vowel a; to put (a noun) in the accusative, put (a verb) in the subjunctive | نصب له الحرب (ḥarba) to declare war on s.o.; نصب له شركا (šarakan) or نصب له فخا (fakkan) to set a trap for s.o.; نصب له كمينا (kamīnan) to prepare an ambush for s.o.; نصب مكيدة (makīdatan) to devise a clever plan, hatch a plot; -- naṣaba u (naṣb) to distress, trouble, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (disease or sorrow; ه s.o.); to jade (ه s.o.) | نصبوا انفسهم ل (anfusahum) they made every effort in order to ..., they struggled hard to ...; -- naṣiba a (naṣab) to be tired, fatigued, jaded, worn out, exhausted; to exert o.s. to the utmost (في in) II to set up, set upright, rear, raise, lift up (هـ s.th.); to install (ه ه s.o. as), appoint (ه ه s.o. to an office) | نصب اذنيه (udnaihi) to prick up one’s ears III to be hostile (ه to s.o.), fight, combat, oppose (ه s.o.), display enmity | ناصبه الحرب (ḥarba) to declare war on s.o.; ناصبه الشر (šarra) to show o.s. openly hostile to s.o., open hostilities against s.o.; ناصب العداء (‘adā’a) to declare o.s. the enemy of s.o. IV to tire, fatigue, wear out, exhaust (ه s.o.); to fix a share or allotment (ه for s.o.) VIII to rise up, straighten up, draw o.s. up; to plant o.s.; to rise; to get up, stand up, get on one’s feet; to stand upright, be in a vertical position; to be set up, be raised; to be appointed (ل to an office), hold an office (ل ); (gram.) to be pronounced with a (final consonant), be in naṣb (accusative or subjunctive) | انتصب للحكم (li-l-ḥukm) to sit in judgment

نصب setting up, putting up, placing; erection; planting, raising (e.g., of a flagstaff); appointment, installation, investiture; pronunciation of a final consonant with a; the putting a noun in the accusative, or a verb in the subjunctive (gram.); disease, illness; (eg.) swindle, trickery, skulduggery, deception, fraud

نصب naṣb pl. انصاب anṣāb s.th. planted in the ground, set up, or erected; plants (coll.)

نصب nuṣb, nuṣub pl. انصاب anṣāb statue; idol, graven image; monument | نصب تذكاري (tadkārī) monument, cenotaph

نصب nuṣba (prep.) in front of, opposite, facing | نصب عيني (‘ainayya) before my eyes; جعل (وضع) هـ نصب عينيه (‘ainaihi) to direct one’s attention to ..., have in view

نصب naṣab exertion, strain, hardship, fatigue; (pl. انصاب anṣāb) flag planted in the ground

نصبة naṣba pl. -āt plant

نصبة nuṣba post; pale, stake, pier, buttress, pillar; signpost, guidepost

نصاب niṣāb origin, beginning; (Isl. Law) minimum amount of property liable to payment of the zakāh tax; minimum number or amount; quorum; (pl. -āt, نصب nuṣub) sword hilt, knife handle, saber guard | في نصابه in its proper place, in good order, perfectly all right; استقرت الأمور في نصابها (istaqarrat) things were straightened out, returned to normal; وضع الحق في نصابه (ḥaqqa) to restore justice; رد (اعاد، وضع) امرا الى نصابه (radda, a‘āda amran) to straighten s.th. out, set a matter right; عاد الهدوء الى نصابه (hudū’u) peace has been restored; اتماما للنصاب (itmāman) so as to complete the number, in order to round off the amount

نصاب naṣṣāb fraud, cheat, sharper, swindler, impostor; deceitful, fraudulent

نصيب naṣīb pl. نصب nuṣub, انصباء anṣibā’2, انصبة anṣiba share, participation (في in); share of profits, dividend; luck, chance; fate, lot | كان من نصيبه to fall to s.o.’s share or lot; كان من نصيبه ان to be so fortunate as to ..., have the good fortune to ...; كان نصيبه من ذلك الإخفاق (ikfāqu) to have bad luck in s.th., draw a blank; هو على نصيب وافر من (wāfirin) to have an ample share in ...

يا نصيب yā-naṣīb lottery

منصب manṣib pl. مناصب manāṣib2 place where s.th. is planted, set up, or erected; office, dignity, rank, position, poet | ارباب الممناصب or اصحاب المناصب high dignitaries

منصب minṣab pl. مناصب manāṣib2 kitchen range, cookstove

تنصيب tanṣīb appointment, nomination; installation, induction (in an official position)

انتصاب intiṣāb raising, rearing, righting; setting up, putting up; erection

ناصب nāṣib tiring, wearisome, exhausting; -- (pl. نواصب nawāṣib2) word governing the subjunctive (gram.)

منصوب manṣūb erected; set-up, raised; planted in the ground; fixed, fastened, attached; installed in office; leveled, aimed (cannon; على at); (pl. -āt) word in the accusative or subjunctive

منتصب muntaṣib set upright, set-up, raised, planted in the ground; erected; upright, erect, straight, vertical, perpendicular

نصت naṣata i (naṣt) and IV to listen, hearken, give ear (الى or ل to s.o., ل to s.th.) V to try to hear; to eavesdrop, listen secretly

منتصت mutanaṣṣit eavesdropper

نصح naṣaḥa a (naṣḥ, nuṣḥ, نصاحة naṣāḥa, نصيحة naṣīḥa) to give (ه, ل s.o.) sincere advice, advise, counsel (ه, ل s.o., ب to do s.th.), admonish. exhort; -- a (naṣḥ, نصوح nuṣūḥ) to be sincere; to mean well (ل with s.o.), wish s.o. (ل ) well, be well-disposed, show good will (ل toward s.o.); to act in good faith (ل toward s.o.) III to give (ه s.o.) sincere advice; to be sincere in one’s intentions (ه toward s.o.) VI to be loyal and sincere toward each other VIII to take good advice, follow an advice X to ask (ه s.o.) for advice, be advised (ه by s.o.), consult (ه s.o.)

نصح naṣḥ, nuṣḥ good advice; counseling, counsel; guidance

نصيح naṣīḥ sincere; faithful adviser

نصيحة naṣīḥa pl. نصائح naṣā’iḥ2 sincere advice; friendly admonition, friendly reminder | بذل النصيحة to give a word of advice

نصوح naṣūḥ sincere, true, faithful, loyal

استنصاح istinṣāḥ consultation

ناصح nāṣiḥ pl. نصاح nuṣṣāḥ, نصح nuṣṣah sincere; good counselor, sincere adviser

نصر naṣara u (naṣr, نصور nuṣūr) to help, aid, assist (على ه s.o. against); to render victorious, let triumph (على ه s.o. over; of God); to deliver (من ه s.o. from), keep, protect, save II to Christianize, convert to Christianity (ه s.o.) III to help, aid, assist, support, defend, protect (ه s.o.) V to try to help, seek to support (ل s.o.), stand up for s.o. (ل ); to become a Christian VI to render mutual assistance, help each other VIII to come to s.o.’s (ل ) aid, be on s.o.’s (ل ) side, side with s.o. (ل ); to be victorious; to gain a victory, to triumph (على over); to take revenge (من on) X to ask (ه s.o.) for assistance

نصر naṣr help, aid, assistance, support, backing; victory; triumph

نصرة nuṣra help, aid, assistance, support, backing

نصراني naṣrānī pl. نصارى naṣārā Christian

نصرانية naṣrānīya Christianity

نصير naṣīr pl. نصراء nuṣarā’2 helper; supporter, defender, protector; ally, canfederate; adherent, follower, partisan; furtherer, promoter, patron

النصيرية an-nuṣairīya the Ansarie, a gnostic sect in Syria

ناصور naṣūr pl. نواصير nawāṣīr2 fistula

منصر manṣar pl. مناصر manāṣir2 (eg.) band of robbers

تنصير tanṣīr Christianization; baptism

مناصرة munāṣara assistance, help, aid, support, backing, furtherance, promotion, patronage

انتصار intiṣār (pl. -āt) victory, triumph; revenge

ناصر nāṣir pl. -ūn, انصار anṣār, نصار nuṣṣār helper; protector; granting victory | اخذ بناصره to help s.o.

انصار anṣār (pl.) adherents, followers, partisans, sponsors, patrons, friends; الأنصار the Medinan followers of Mohammed who granted him refuge after the Hegira

الناصرة an-nāṣira Nazareth

ناصري nāṣirī of Nazareth; Nazarene

منصور manṣūr supported, aided (by God); victorious, triumphant; victor; المنصورة El Mansûra (city in N Egypt)

مناصر munāṣir helper, supporter, defender, protector

منتصر muntaṣir victorious, triumphant

نصع naṣa‘a a (نصوع nuṣū‘) to be clear, pure; to be plain, evident, obvious, manifest, patent; to recognize (ب s.th., esp., a claim or title) IV to recognize. acknowledge (ب s.th.)

نصوع nuṣū‘ whiteness; brightness (of a color)

نصيع naṣī‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent

نصاعة naṣā‘a purity; clearness, clarity (also. e.g., of argumentation, of expression)

ناصع nāṣi‘ pure, clear; plain, evident, obvious, ostensible, manifest, patent; white | ناصع البياض n. al-bayāḍ snowwhite; حق ناصع (ḥaqq) plain truth; لهم جباه ناصعة approx.: they have a clean slate, their skirts are clean

نصف naṣafa u i (naṣf) to reach its midst (day), become noon II to divide in the middle, bisect, halve (هـ s.th.) III to share (ه with s.o.) half of s.th. (هـ ), go halves (هـ ه with s.o. in), share equally (هـ ه with s.o. s.th.) IV to be just; to treat with justice (ه s.o.), be just (ه with s.o.); to see that justice is done (ه to s.o.), see that s.o. (ه ) gets his right; to treat without discrimination (ه s.o.); to establish s.o.’s (ه ) right (من in the face of a rival or oppressor); to serve (ه s.o.) V to submit, subordinate o.s. (ه to s.o.), serve (ه s.o.); to demand justice VIII to reach its midst, be in the middle, be midway, be half over (day, night, month, lifetime); to appeal for justice (من to), demand justice (من from); to do justice (ل to s.o.); to take vengeance, revenge o.s. (من on) X to demand justice

نصف niṣf, pl. انصاف anṣāf half, moiety; middle | نصف الدائرة semicircle; نصف شهري šahrī semimonthly; انصاف العذارى a. al-‘adārā demi-vierges; نصف القرد n. al-qird lemur; نصف القطر n. al-quṭr radius; نصف الليل n. al-lail midnight; نصف النهار n. an-nahār midday, noon; القسط نصف السنوي al-qisṭ niṣf as-sanawī the semiannual installment

نصف niṣf (uninfl.) medium, middling; of medium size or quality; middle-aged

نصفي niṣfī half-, semi-, hemi-, demi- | تمثال نصفي (timtāl) bust; شلل نصفي (šalal) hemiplegia; عمى نصفي (‘aman) hemianopia

نصف naṣaf and نصفة naṣafa justice

نصيف naṣīf veil

تنصيف tanṣīf halving, bisection

مناصفة munāṣafatan half of it (of them), by halves, half and half, by equal shares, fifty-fifty

انصاف inṣāf justice, equity, fairness; just treatment

ناصف nāṣif pl. نصاف nuṣṣāf, نصف naṣaf, نصفة naṣafa servant

منصف munaṣṣif halving, bisecting, dividing into two equal parts

منصف munṣif a righteous, just man; equitable, fair, just

منتصف muntaṣaf middle | في منتصف الطريق halfway, midway; منتصف الساعة العاشرة 9:30 , half past nine; منتصف الليل m. al-lail midnight; منتصف النهار m. an-nahār midday, noon

نصل naṣala a u (نصول nuṣūl) to fall out, fall off, fall to the ground, drop; to fade (color); to get rid (من of), free o.s. (من from) V to free o.s. (من from), rid o.s. (من of); to renounce, disavow, shirk (من s.th.), withdraw (من from); to wash one’s hands of s.th. (من ), vindicate o.s. clear o.s., justify o.s. | تنصل من التبعة (tabi‘a) or تنصل من المسؤولية (mas’ūlīya) to refuse to take the responsibility, evade or shirk the responsibility

نصل naṣl (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نصال niṣāl, انصل anṣul, نصول nuṣūl arrowhead, spearhead; blade or a knife or sword; O spread or surface of a leaf (bot.)

ناصل nāṣil falling, dropping; faded

نصمة naṣama icon, idol, graven image

ناصية nāṣiya pl. نواص nawāṣin forelock; fore part of the head; (street) corner | اخذ بناصيته to seize, take by the forelock, tackle properly (هـ s.th.); ملك ناصيته to be or become muter of s.th., have or get s.th, under control. muter or control s.th.; امتلك نواصيه (imtalaka) do.; كل الآمال معقودة بناصيته all hopes are pinned on him; حجر الناصية ḥajar an-n. cornerstone, quoin

نض naḍḍa i (naḍḍ, نضيض naḍīḍ) to ripple, drip, percolate, ooze, leak, dribble, trickle II to move, shake (هـ s.th.)

نض naḍḍ cash, hard money, specie, coin; نضا naḍḍsn in (hard) cash

مال ناض māl nāḍḍ cash, hard money, specie, coin

نضب naḍaba u (نضوب nuḍūb) to seep away in the ground, be absorbed by the ground; to dry up, run dry, peter out; to be exhausted, be depleted, become less, diminish, decrease; to dwindle, decline; to die | لا ينضب inexhaustible, incessant IV to exhaust, drain, deplete, dry up (هـ s.th.)

ناضب nāḍib pl. نضب nuḍḍab dried up, dry; arid, barren, sterile

نضج naḍija a (naḍj) to be or become ripe, ripen, mature (also fig., of an affair, of a personality, or the like); to be well-cooked, be or become well done (meat); to maturate (tumor) IV to bring to ripeness or maturity, make ripe, ripen (هـ s.th.); to let (هـ s.th.) ripen; to cook well, do well (هـ s.th.)

نضج naḍj, nuḍj ripeness, maturity

نضوج nuḍūj ripeness, maturity

نضيج naḍīj ripe, mature; well-cooked, well done (food)

ناضح nāḍij ripe, mature; well-cooked, well done (food)

نضح naḍaḥa i (naḍḥ) to wet, moisten, sprinkle, spray, splash (ب ه s.th. with); to water (هـ plants); to slake, quench (هـ thirst); to defend, protect (عن s.th.); to justify, vindicate (عن s.th.), answer (عن for); -- a (naḍḥ) to exude or ooze a fluid (ب ); to sweat, perspire; to leak; to flow over (ب with); to shed, spill (هـ s.th.); to effuse (هـ s.th.)

O نضاحة naḍḍāḥa sprinkler

منضح minḍaḥa shower, douche

منضحة minḍaḥa pl. مناضح manāḍiḥ2 watering can; shower, douche

نضد naḍada i (naḍd) to pile up, stack, tier, arrange in layers (هـ s.th.); to put in order, array, arrange (هـ s.th.) II do.; to compose, set (هـ s.th.; typ.)

نضد naḍad pl. انضاد anḍād, bedstead; pile, stack, rows, tiers (e.g., of sacks)

نضد nuḍud tables

نضيد naḍīd arranged one above the other, tiered, in rows, in layers; orderly, tidy, regular

نضيدة naḍīda pl. نضائد naḍā’id2 cushion, pillow, mattress

منضدة minḍada pl. -āt, مناضد manāḍid2 table; worktable, desk; bedstead; framework, rack, stand

تنضيد tanḍīd typesetting, composition (typ.)

منضد munaḍḍid pl. -ūn typesetter, compositor (typ.)

منضح munaḍḍad forming a regular string, regularly set (esp., of teeth)

نضر naḍara u, naḍira a and naḍura u (نضرة naḍra, نضور nuḍūr, نضارة naḍara) to be flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, beautiful; to be bright, brilliant, luminous, radiant II to make (هـ s.th.) shine; to make (هـ s.th.) bloom V to be verdant, blooming, in blossom

نضر naḍir flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing

نضرة naḍra bloom, dower, freshness; glamour, splendor; beauty; health, vigor; opulence, wealth

نضار nuḍār (pure) gold

نضارة naḍāra bloom, dower, freshness; youthfulness; gracefulness, grace; health, vigor

نضير naḍīr flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing; gold

ناضر nāḍir flourishing, blooming, verdant, fresh, radiant, glowing, beautiful

نضف naḍaf wild marjoram

نضف naḍif dirty, unclean

نضيف naḍīf dirty, unclean

نضل naḍala u (naḍl) to surpass, beat, defeat (ه s.o.) III to try to surpass (ه s.o.), vie, compete, contend, dispute (ه with s.o.); to defend (عن .o.)s stand up for s.o. (عن ) VI to vie with one another

نضال niḍāl struggle, strife, dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest, competition: defense, defensive battle

نضالي niḍālī combative, pugnacious

مناضلة munāḍala struggle, strife, dispute, controversy, fight, battle; contest, competition; defense, defensive battle

مناضل munāḍil fighters combatant, defender

نضناض naḍnāḍ hissing viciously, flicking its tongue menacingly (snake)

نضا (نضو ) naḍā u (naḍw) to take off (هـ a garment, one’s clothes); to undress (عن s.o.), نضا عن نفسه to get undressed; (naḍw, nuḍūw) to dwindles wane, decline; to fade (esp., color) II to take off (هـ a garment), strip (عن s.o.) of a garment (هـ ) IV to exhaust, jades make lean (هـ a riding animal); to wear out, wear thin (ه s.th.) VIII to unsheathe (s a sword)

نضو naḍw pl. انضاء anḍā’ a worn, tattered garment

نضو niḍw pl. انضاء anḍā’ lean

نط naṭṭa u (naṭṭ) to spring, jumps leap; to skip, hop

نط naṭṭ jumping, jump | نط الحبل n. al-ḥabl skipping the rope (children’s game); نط طولي ṭūlī) broad jump

نطة naṭṭa (n. vic.) jump, leap

نطاط naṭṭāṭ jumper; a variety of grasshopper; restless, ftighty, lightheaded

نطح naṭaḥa a (naṭḥ) to push, thrust (with the head or horns), butt III to bump (هـ on or against s.th.), ram (هـ s.th.); to touch (ه s.th.) VI and VIII to thrust or butt one another; to struggle (with one another)

نطح naṭḥ push(ing), thrust(ing), butting; el Nath, a star in the horn of Aries, α Arietis (astron)

نطحة naṭḥa (n. vic.) push, thrust, butt

نطاح naṭṭāḥ given to butting, a butter

نطيح naṭīḥ butted

مناطحة munāṭaḥa bullfight

ناطح nāṭiḥ: ناطحة السحاب n. as-saḥāb pl. نواطح السحاب nawāṭiḥ as-s. skyscraper

نطر naṭara u (naṭr, نطارة niṭāra) to watch, guard (هـ s.th.)

نطر naṭr watch, guard, protection

نطارة niṭāra watch, guard, protection

نطار nuṭṭār scarecrow

ناطر nāṭir pl. نطار nuṭṭār, نطراء nuṭarā’2, نطرة naṭara, نواطر nawāṭir2 guard, keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a ship’s crow’s-nest

ناطور nāṭūr pl. نواطير nawāṭīr2 guard, keeper, warden (esp., of plantations and vineyards), rural warden; lookout in a ship’s crow’s-nest

ناطورة nāṭūra (syr.) (woman) chaperon

نطرون naṭrūn natron, esp., the native product of Egypt which is extracted from the salt lakes of Wādī Naṭrūn northwest of Cairo

نطس V to examine thoroughly, investigate carefully, scrutinize (عن s.th.); to possess or employ much skill, be proficient (ب in s.th.)

نطس naṭs, naṭus well-informed, knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned, skilled

نطاسي naṭāsī, niṭāsī well-informed, knowledgeable, experienced, seasoned, skilled; (pl. نطس nuṭus) a skilled, experienced physician

نطع pass. nuṭi’a to change colors, turn pale V to be pigheaded, obstinate

نطع naṭ’, niṭ’ pl. انطاع anṭā’, نطوع nuṭū’ leather mat used as a tablecloth and gaming boards in former times also during executions

نطع niṭ’, niṭa’ pl. نطوع nuṭū’ hard palate

الحروف الناطعة al-ḥurūf an-nāṭi’a the sounds ت, د and ط (phon.)

نطف naṭafa u i (naṭf, تنطاف tanṭāf, نطفان naṭafān, نطافة niṭāfa) to dribble, trickle

نطفة nuṭfa pl. نطف nuṭaf drop; sperm

نطق naṭaqa u (nuṭq, نطوق nuṭūq, منطق manṭiq) to articulate; to talk, speak, utter (ب s.th.); to pronounce (ب s.th.) | نطق بكلمة (bi-kalima) to lay a word II to make (ه s.o.) speak or pronounce; to gird, girdle (ه s.o.) IV to make (هـ s.o.) speak or talk V to gird o.s.; to be surrounded X to question (هـ s.o.); to interrogate, examine, cross-examine (هـ s.o.)

نطق nuṭq articulated speech; pronunciation; word, saying, utterance; order, ordinances decree | صدر النطق السامي ب it was decreed by order of His Majesty that ...; نطق بالحكم (ḥukm) pronouncement of sentence; فاقد النطق dumfounded, speechless

نطقي nuṭqī phonetic(al)

نطا r niṭāq pl. نطق nuṭuq girths girdle, belt; O garrison belt; circle, ring, enclosure; limit, boundary; range, extent, scope, compass, sphere, domain, purview; cordon | نطاق الجوزاء n. al-jauzā’ Orion’s Belt (astron.); نطاق الحصار blockade ring; واسع النطاق comprehensive; extensive, far-reaching; large-scale

منطق manṭiq (faculty of) speech; manner of speaking, diction, enunciation; eloquence; logic | ليس من المنطق ان it is illogical to …; علم المنطق ‘ilm al-m. logic

منطقي manṭiqī logical; dialectic(al); -- (pl. مناطقة manāṭiqa) logician; dialectician

منطق minṭaq pl. مناطق manāṭiq2 belt, girdle

منطقة minṭaqa pl. مناطق manāṭiq 2 belt, girdle; zone; vicinity, range, sphere, district, area, territory; O (mil.) sector | O منطقة الاحتلال occupied territory; المنطقة الحارة (ḥārra) the Torrid Zones the tropics; O منطقة البترول oil area, oil fields; منطقة البروج the zodiac (astron.); منطقة الجوزاء m. al-jauzā’ Orion’s Belt (astron.); O منطقة حرام (ḥarām) or منطقة ممنوعة prohibited area; منطقة الحرب m. al-ḥarb war zone; O منطقة حرة (ḥurra) free zone; O منطقة صماء (ṣammā’) dead zone (of radio waves); منطقة صناعية (ṣinā’īya) industrial area; O منطقة الضرب m. aḍ-ḍarb field of fire; O منطقة كروية (kurawīya) spherical zone; المنطقتان المعتدلتان (mu’tadilatān) the two Temperate Zones; O منطقة مجردة من التجهيزات الحربية (mujarrada, ḥarbīya) demilitarized zone; منطقة النفوذ sphere of influence

منطقي minṭaqī zonal

منطيق minṭīq very eloquent

استنطاق istinṭāq examination, interrogation, hearing; questioning

ناطق nāṭiq talking, speaking; endowed with the faculty of speech; eloquent; plain, distinct, clear; endowed with reason, reasonable, rational (being); speaker (also, e.g., in parliament); spokesman | الناطقون بالضاد the Arabic-speaking portion of mankind (lit.: those who pronounce the ḍād) حيوان ناطق (ḥayawān nāṭiq) rational being; دليل ناطق conclusive evidence; شريط ناطق sound film; جريدة ناطقة newsreel

منطوق manṭūq pronounced, uttered, expressed; wording; text; statement; formulation | بالمنطوق according to the text; expressly, explicitly, unequivocally; منطوق الحكم m. al-ḥukm dispositive portion of the judgment (jur.); منطوق العقد m. al-’aqd the exact terms of the contract; منطوق القانون text of the law, legal text; منطوق الكلمة m. al-kalima literal meaning of a word

مستنطق mustanṭiq examining magistrate

نطل naṭala u (naṭl) to squeeze out; to apply warm compresses (هـ to), foment, bathe with warm water or medicated liquid (هـ s.th.)

نطول naṭūl warm compress; fomentation, lavation or hath in a medicated liquid

نطنط naṭnaṭa to hop up and down, skip

نظر naẓara u (naẓar, منظر manẓar) to perceive with the eyes, see, view, eye, regard (هـ, ه or الى s.o., s.th.), look, gaze, glance (هـ, ه or الى at), watch, observe, notice (هـ, ه or الى s.o., s.th.), pay attention (هـ, ه or الى to); to expect (هـ s.th.); to envisages consider, contemplates purpose (هـ or في s.th.); to have in mind, have in view (الى s.th.), put one’s mind, direct one’s attention (الى to s.th.); to take up, try, hear (في a case; court), look into a case (في ), examine (هـ or في a case); to judge, rule, decide (بين between two litigant parties); to take care (ل of s.o.), help (ل s.o.), stand by s.o. (ل ), look after s.o. (ل) | نظر اليه شزرا (šazran) to give s.o. a sidelong glances look askance at s.o.; نظر القضية (في القضية ) (qaḍīya) to try a case (jurs); نظر في طلب فلان (ṭalabī f.) to process s.o.’s application, take care of s.o.’s application; نظر من فرجة المفتاح (فوهة المفتاح ) (furjat l-miftāḥ, fūhati l-m.) to peep through the keyhole; انظر بعده unẓur ba’dahū see below! انظر ظهره (ẓahrahū) see reverse! please turn over! II to make comparisons, draw parallels (بين between) III to equal (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be equal (هـ, ه to s.o., to s.th.); to equalize, put on an equal footing (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. with), equate, liken, compare (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); to vie, compete, be in competition (s with s.o.), rival (ه s.o.); to argue, debate, dispute (ه with s.o.), point out (ب ه to s.o. s.th.) by way of argument or objection, confront (ب ه s.o. with); to superintend, supervise (هـ s.th.) IV to grant (ه s.o.) a delay or respite V to regard, watch or observe attentively (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), look closely (هـ, ه at s.o., at s.th.), scrutinize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to bide one’s time, wait VI to face each other, lie opposite; to he symmetrical (math.); to dispute, argue (with one another); to quarrel (على about), fight (على over s.th.); to contend (with each other) (على for s.th.), contest each other’s right (على to s.th.) VIII to wait (ه for s.o.), expect (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), await, anticipate (هـ s.th.); to look closely (ه at s.o.); to look on expectantly, bide one’s time,

wait | انتظر الشيء الكبير من to expect much of …; انتظر من ورائه كل خير (wara’ihi kulla kairin) to set the greatest expectations in s.th. X to wait, await, expect; to have patience, be patient; to request a delay or respite; to ask (ه s.o.) to wait, keep (ه s.o.) waiting

نظر naẓar pl. انظار anẓār seeing, eyesight, vision; look, glance, gaze; sight; outlook, prospect; view; aspect; appearance, evidence; insight, discernment, penetration; perception; contemplation; examination (في of); inspection, study, perusal; consideration, reflection; philosophical speculation; theory; handling (في of a matter); trial, hearing (في of a case in court); supervision, control, surveillance; competence, jurisdiction; attention, heed, regard, notice, observance, respect, consideration, care | (ل or) نظر in view of, with a view to, in regard to, with respect to, in consideration of, on the basis of, due to, because of, for; بالنظر ل do.; بصرف النظر عن (bi-ṣarfi n-n.) or بقطع النظر عن (bi-qaṭ‘i n-n.) regardless of, irrespective of; تحت النظر under considerations being studied, being dealt with; دون النظر الى irrespective of, regardless of; في نظري in my eyes, in my opinion; للنظر فى for the study of, for consideration, for further examination of, for handling …, for action on …; O النظر الى الحياة (ḥayāh) weltanschauung; اعادة النظر i‘ādat an-n. re-examination, reconsideration, resumption, retrial, revision; اهل النظر ahl an-n. speculative thinkers; theoreticians, theorists; بعيد النظر or طويل النظر farsighted; قصر النظر qiṣar an-n. shortsightedness; قصير النظر shortsighted; المحكمة ذات النظر (maḥkama) the court of competent jurisdiction; مسألة فيها نظر (mas’ala) an unsettled, open question, an unsolved problem; من له نظر (man) s.o. noteworthy, a distinguished man; the responsibles or authorized, person; اخذ بالنظر to catch the eye; ادار نظره في (adāra) to let one’s eyes roam over …; تابع (راجع) بالنظر ل falling to the responsibility of, under the jurisdiction of, subject to the authority of; سارق النظر اليه or سارقه النظر or استرق النظر اليه (naẓara) to glance furtively at s.o., give s.o. a surreptitious look; في هذا الأمر نظر this matter calls for careful study, will have to be considered; قطع النظر عن to take no account of, disregard s.th.; هو تحت نظر فلان he is under the protection of so-and-so, he is patronized by so-and-so

نظر similar, like; equal | عديم النظر unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, unique of his (its) kind

نظرة naẓra pl. naẓarāt looks glance; sights view; viewings contemplation (الى of s.th.); pl. نظرات (philosophical) reflections

نظرة naẓira delay, postponements deferment (of an obligation)

نظري naẓarī optic(al); visual; theoretic(al); speculative

نظرية naẓarīya theory; theorem; reflection, meditation, contemplation

نظير naẓīr pl. نظراء nuẓarā’2, f. pl. نظائر naẓā’r2 similar, like, same, equal, matching, corresponding, comparable; an equivalent; facings opposites parallel; (with foll. genit.) in the manner of. in the same manner as, just like, just as; transcript, copy | نظير naẓīra (prep.) as a compensation for, in consideration of, in return for, in exchange for, for, on, e.g., نظير دفع خمسين مليما (daf‘ k. malīman) on paying 50 millièmes; نظراؤه people of his kinds people like him; نظير السمت n. as-samt or النظير nadir (astr.); مقطوع (منقطع) النظير incomparable; ليس له نظير unparalleled, unequaled, matchless, unique of his (its) kind

نظيرة naẓīra head, foremost rank | في نظيرة (with foils genit.) at the head of

نظار naẓẓār keen-eyed; (pl. نظارة naẓẓāra) spectator, onlooker

نظارة naẓẓāra pl. -āt field glass, binocular; telescope, spyglass; (pair of) eyeglasses, spectacles (occasionally also pl. نظارات with singular meaning: a pair of eyeglasses); (pair of) goggles | نظارة فردية (fardīya) or نظارة واحدة eyeglass, monocle; O نظارة معظمة (mu’aẓẓima) magnifying glass; نظارة الميدان n. al-maidān field glass

نظاراتي naẓẓārātī optometrist; optician

نظارة niẓāra supervision, control, inspection, management, administration, direction; ministry (now obsolete)

ناظور nāẓūr field glass

منظر manẓar pl. مناظر manāẓir2 sight; view, panorama; look(s), appearance, aspect; prospect, outlook, perspective; an object soon or viewed, photographic object; scene (of a play); spectacle; stage setting, set, scenery; place commanding a sweeping view; lookout, watchtower | منظر عام (‘āmm) general view, panorama, landscape, scenery; O مناظر خارجية (kārijīya) shots on location (in motion-picture making); مناظر طبيعية (ṭabī‘īya) scenic views, scenery, landscapes

منظرة manẓara pl. مناظر manāẓir2 place commanding a scenic view; view, scenery, landscape, panorama; watchtower, observatory; guestroom, reception room, drawing room, parlor

O منظر minẓar (pair of) eyeglasses, spectacles; telescope, spyglass

منظار minẓār pl. مناظير manāẓīr2 telescope, spyglass; magnifying glass; mirror, speculum, -scope (e.g., laryngoscope) | منظار معظم (mu‘aẓẓim) magnifying glass; رقب بمنظار اسود (aswada) to have a pessimistic outlook, look on the dark side of everything

منا ظرة munāẓara emulation, rivalry, competition; quarrel, argument. altercation, debate, dispute, discussion, controversy; supervision, control, inspection

تناظر tanāẓur difference of opinion, squabble, wrangle, altercation; symmetry (math.)

انتظار intiẓār waiting, wait; expectation | على غير انتظار unexpectedly

ناظر nāẓir pl. نظار nuẓẓār observer, viewer, spectator, onlooker; overseer, supervisor; inspector; manager, director, superintendent, administrator, principal, chief, (cabinet) minister (now obsolete) | ناظر الوقف n. al-waqf trustee of a wakf, administrator of a religious endowment

ناظرة nāẓira administratress, directress, manageress, headmistress, matron

ناظرة nāẓir and ناظرة nāẓira pl. نواظر nawāẓir2 eye; look. glance | بين ناظريه (nāẓiraihi) before his eyes

منظور manẓūr seen; visible; foreseen, anticipated, expected; supervised, under supervision, controlled; envied, regarded with the evil eye; under consideration (case), pending (complaint, lawsuit; امام in a court) | منظور اليه one under supervision, subordinate, underling, protégé, charge, ward, pupil; غير منظور invisible; unforeseen, unexpected; ادوات منظورة (adawāt) visual training aids; دعوى منظورة (da‘wā) pending lawsuit; الشخص المنظور في أمره (šakṣ) person whose case is under consideration

مناظر munāẓir similar, like, equal; competitor, rival, adversary, opponent (esp., in a discussion); interlocutor

نظف naẓufa u (نظف naẓufa) to be clean, cleanly, neat, tidy II to clean, cleanse, polish (هـ s.th.) V to clean o.s., become clean

نظافة naẓāfa cleanness, cleanliness, neatness, tidiness

نظيف naẓīf pl. نظفاء nuẓafā’2, نظاف niẓāf clean, neat, tidy; well-groomed, well-tended

انظف anẓaf2 cleaner, neater

تنظيف tanẓīf pl. -āt cleaning, cleansing | تنظيف الأظفار manicure

نظلي naẓlī (eg.) delicate, feminine

نظم naẓama i (naẓm, نظام niẓām) and II to string (هـ pearls); to put in order, to order (هـ s.th.); to array, arrange, classify, file (هـ s.th.); to adjust (هـ s.th.); to set, regulate (هـ s.th.); to tune (هـ an instrument); to layout, get ready, prepare (هـ s.th.); to set right, rectify, correct (هـ s.th.); to put together, group, make up, assemble (هـ s.th.); to organize (هـ s.th.); to stage (هـ s.th.); to compose (one’s words) metrically, poetize, versify, write poetry V and VI to be strung; to be ordered, be in good order, be well-arranged, be well-organized VIII do.; to be classified; to affiliate (في with); to enter, join (في an organization, a corporation); to permeate, pervade (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to come over s.o. (ه ), seize, befall, overcome (ه s.o., هـ s.o.’s limbs, s.o.’s body; of a sentiment, tremor, shudder, etc.)

نظم naẓm order; arrangement; system; institution, organization; string of pearls; verse, poetry

نظام niẓām pl. -āt, نظم nuẓum, انظمة anẓima proper arrangement, regularity; conformity, congruity; methodical, organic structure; organization; order; method; system; rule, statute, law; system of regulations | على هذا النظام along this line, in this manner; نظام الأجانب alien status; alien act; نظام الأحوال الشخصية (šakṣīya) personal statute (jur.); نظام اساسي (asāsī) (basic) constitutional law, statutes, constitution; نظام اقتصادي (iqtiṣādī) economic system; نظام البادية al-bādiya agricultural system; نظام البوليس والإدارة n. al-būlīs wa-l-idāra police and administrative system; نظام جوازات السفر n. jawāzāt as-safar passport system; نظام الحياة n. al-ḥayāt (way of) life; النظام الرأسمالي (ra’smālī) the capitalistic economic system; النظام العام (‘āmm) public order; نظام المرور traffic laws

نظامي niẓāmī orderly, regular, normal; methodical, systematic; regular (army)

تنظيم tanẓīm arrangement; readjustment, reorganization, reform; control, regulation, adjustment; organization; tactics; road construction (Eg.) | تنظيم المرور traffic control; اعادة التنظيم i‘ādat t-t. reorganization

انتظام intiẓām order, regularity; methodicalness, systematic arrangement | بانتظام regularly, accurately; في انتظام regular, fixed, ordered, methodical, systematic, orderly, normal

ناظم nāẓim arranger; organizer, adjuster; regulator; versifier, poet; (pl. نواظم nawāẓim2) weir, barrage (Ir.)

منظوم manẓūm ordered, orderly, tidy; metrical, poetical; poem; pl. -āt poetries, poetical works

منظومة manẓūma treatise in verse, didactic poem; row, rank

منظم munaẓẓim arranger, organizer; promoter, sponsor

منظم munaẓẓam arranged, ordered, kept in order, orderly, tidy; neat, welltended, well-kept; systematically arranged, systematized; regular | جيش منظم (jaiš) regular army; غير منظم irregular

منظم munaẓẓama pl. -āt organization | منظمة التغذية والزراعة (m. at-tagdīya) Food and Agriculture organization, F. A.O.

منتظم muntaẓim regular; even, uniform, steady, orderly; methodical; systematic | O موجات منتظمة (maujāt) uniform waves (radio)

نعب na‘aba a i (na‘b, نعيب na‘īb) to croak, caw (raven); -- a (na‘b) to speed along

نعاب nu‘āb croak(ing), caw (of a raven)

نعاب na‘‘āb croaking, cawing; ominous, ill-boding

نعت na’ata a (na’t) to describe, characterize (هـ, ه s.o. s.th.), qualify (هـ s.th.)

نعت naft description, qualification, characterization; -- (pl. نعوت nu’ūt) quality, property, attribute, characteristic; descriptive, qualifying word, qualifier; attribute (gram.); epithet

نعتي na‘tī descriptive, qualifying, qualificative

منعوت man‘ūt substantive accompanied by as attribute

نعجة na‘ja pl. na‘ajāt, نعاج ni‘āj female sheep, ewe

نعر na‘ara a i (نعير na‘īr, نعار ni‘ār) to grunt; to cry, scream, roar, bellow; to spurt, gush forth (blood from a wound)

نعرة na‘ra Daile, din, clamor, roar

نعرة nu‘ara pl. -āt, نعر nu‘ar horsefly, gadfly

نعرة na‘ara, nu‘ara pl. -āt haughtiness, arrogance, pride | نعرة اقليمية (iqlīmīya) jingoism, chauvinism

نعار na‘‘ār noisy, uproarious, vociferous, clamoring, shouting; agitator, rabble rouser

نعير na‘īr noise, din, clamor, shouting; bellowing, mooing, lowing (esp., of cattle)

نعارة na‘āra, na‘‘āra earthen jug (sometimes with two handles), pot

ناعور nā‘ūr O hemophilia

ناعورة nā‘ūra pl. نواعر nawā‘ir2 noria, Persian wheel

نعس na‘asa a u (na‘s) to be sleepy, drowsy; to take a nap, to doze, slumber; to be dull, listless, slack, stagnant (market, trade) II and IV to make sleepy, put to sleep (ه s.o.) VI to pretend to be sleepy or asleep; to doze, be sleepy, feel drowsy

نعسة na‘sa doze, nap, slumber

نعاس nu‘ās sleepiness, drowsiness; lethargy

نعسان na‘sān2 sleepy, drowsy

ناعس nā‘is pl. نعس nu‘s sleepy, drowsy; dozing, slumbering

نعش na‘aša a (na‘š), II and IV to raise, lift up; to revive, reanimate; to refresh, invigorate, animate, arouse, stimulate, enliven, inspirit (ه s.o.) VIII to rise from a fall; to recover, recuperate from illness; to be animated, be refreshed, be stimulated, be invigorated, be strengthened, revive, come to new life

نعش n‘š bier | بنات نعش الصغرى banāt n. a-ṣugrā Ursa Minor (astron.); بنات نعش الكبرى b. n. al-kubrā Ursa Major (astron.)

نعشة na‘ša: نعشة الموت n. al-maut euphoria; swan song, death song

انعاش in‘āš animation, reanimation, resuscitation, restoration to life; refreshment; reconstruction, restoration | O انعاش اقتصادي (iqtiṣādī) economic boost

انتعاش inti‘āš resurgence, revival; animation, invigoration, stimulation, refreshment, recreation

منعش mun‘iš animating, refreshing, invigorating, restorative

نعظ na‘aẓa a (na‘ẓ, na‘aẓ, نعوظ nu‘ūẓ) to be erect (penis) IV to be sexually excited

ناعوظ nā‘ūẓ exciting sexual desire, sexually stimulating, aphrodisiac

نعق na‘aq a i (na‘q, نعيق na‘īq) to croak, caw (raven); to bleat (sheep); to cry, scream, screech

ناعق nā‘iq: كل ناعق وناعر that is alive and astir, everybody and his brother, every Tom, Dick and Harry

نعل na‘ala a (na‘l), II and IV to furnish with shoes (ه s.o.), shoe (ه s.o., هـ a horse); -- na‘ila a (na‘al) to be shod V = na‘ila VIII to wear sandals; to wear shoes, be shod

نعل na‘l pl. نعال ni‘āl, انعل an‘ul sandal; shoe; horseshoe

ناعل nā‘il shod; soled

نعم na‘ama u a and na‘ima a (نعمة na‘ma, منعم man‘am) to live in comfort, and luxury, lead a life of ease, lead a comfortable and carefree life; to be delighted (ب by), be happy, be glad (ب about, at), be pleased (ب with), delight, take pleasure (ب in); to enjoy, savor, taste, experience (ب s.th.) | نعم بالا ب (na‘ima bālan) to feel serene and confident about ...; -- na‘ima a (na‘am) to be green and tender (twig); to be or become fine, powdery; -- na‘uma u (نعومة nu‘ūma) to be soft, tender, smooth II to smooth, soften (هـ s.th.); to pulverize, powder (هـ s.th.); to accustom to luxury (ه s.o.); to pamper, coddle, effeminate, provide with a life of ease (ه s.o.) IV to make good, nice, comfortable, pleasant (هـ or ب s.th.); to give (ب على s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer (ب على upon s.o. s.th.); to bestow favors (على upon s.o.), be graciously disposed (على toward s.o.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (في to s.th.), take great pains (في with s.th.) | انعم الله صباحك (ṣabāḥaka) good morning! انعم النظر في (naẓara) to look closely at, scrutinize s.th., regard s.th. attentively, pore over s.th., become engrossed in, ponder s.th. V to live in luxury, lead a life of ease and comfort; to enjoy (ب s.th.)

نعم ni‘ma with foll. indeclinable noun with article and nominative ending: what a perfect ..., wonderful ...! truly, an excellent | نعم الرجل زيد n. r-rajulu zaidun what an excellent man Zaid is! نعم الشباب شبابهم n. š-šabābu šabābuhum what a wonderful youth they have! انه نعم الخليل innahū n. al-kalīlu he is a wonderful friend indeed! فبها ونعمت fa-bihā wa-ni‘mat in that case it’s all right; نعم ما فعلت (fa‘alta) well done!

نعم na‘am yes! yes indeed! certainly! surely! (introducing a verbal clause:) to be sure ; na’am’ (colloq.) I beg your pardon? what did you say?

نعم na‘am pl. انعام an‘ām grazing livestock (sheep, camels, cattle, goats)

نعمة na’ma life of ease, good living; amenity, comfort; prosperity; happiness; enjoyment, pleasure, delight

نعمة ni‘ma pl. نعم ni‘am, انعم an‘um, نعمات ni‘māt, ni‘imāt benefit, blessing, boon, benefaction, favor, grace, kindness | بنعمة الله by the grace of God; واسع النعمة very well off, wealthy, rich; النعم الثلاثة the Three Graces; ولي نعمته (نعمه ) walīy ni‘matihī (ni‘amihī) his benefactor

نعمى nu‘mā happiness

نعماء na‘mā’ favor, good will, grace | في النعماء والبأساء (wa-l-ba’sā’) in good and bad days

نعمان nu‘mān blood |شقائق النعمان anemone (bot.)

نعام na‘ām (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نعائم na‘ā’im2 ostrich (zool.)

نعيم na‘īm amenity, comfort, ease, happiness, felicity; gentle, tranquil, peaceful | نعيم الله the grace of God, the blessings of God

النعائم an-na‘ā’im name of several stars in Sagitta (astron.)

نعومة nu‘ūma softness, smoothness, tenderness, delicacy, fineness, finely ground state, powdery consistency | من (منذ) نعومة اظفاره from his earliest youth, since his tender age

انعم an‘am2 sorter

منعام min‘ām munificent benefactor

مناعم manā‘im2 favors, blessings, boons; amenities, comforts, pleasures, delights

تنعيم tan‘īm pampering, coddling, effemination

انعام in‘ām act of kindness, favor, benefaction; gift, donation, grant, distinction, bestowal, award | انعام النظر i. an-naẓar careful examination, serious consideration

ناعم nā‘im soft; smooth; tender; fine, powdery | ناعم الظفر n. aẓ-ẓufr young, youthful, tender; سكر ناعم (sukkar) powdered sugar

منعم mun‘im donor, benefactor

نعنع na‘na‘ and نعناع na‘nā‘ mint (bot.); peppermint

نعناعي na‘nā‘ī peppermint (adj.)

نعى na‘ā a (na‘y, na‘īy, نعيان na‘yān) to announce the death (هـ of s.o., الى to s.o.);

to hold s.th. (هـ ) against s.o. (على ), reproach, blame (هـ على s.o. for); -- na‘ā i to lament, wail; to deplore (هـ s.th.)

نعي naīy one who announces s.o.’s death; blame, reproach

نعية na‘ya pl. na‘ayāt news of s.o.’s death, death notice

منعى man‘an and منعاة man‘āh pl. مناع manā‘in news of s.o.’s death

نغبة nagba, nugba swallow, gulp, draught

نغبشة nagbaša noise

نغز nagaza a (nagz) to tickle (ه s.o.); to prick (ه s.o., with a needle, or the like); to sow dissension, stir up enmity (بين between)

نغش nagaša a (nagš, نغشان nagašān) to be agitated, be shaken III to play (ه with s.o.), tease (ه s.o.), dally, flirt (ه with s.o.) V = I

نغشة nagša pl. nagašāt motion; shaking

نغاش nugāš and نغاشي nugāšī very small; midget, dwarf

نغاشة nagāša banter, raillery, teasing, playfulness; elegance

نغص II and IV to disturb, ruffle, spoil (على s.o.’s هـ pleasure, joy, life, or the like), make loathsome (هـ على to s.o. s.th.) V to be disturbed, be ruffled, be spoiled, become loathsome

منغص munaggiṣ exciting

نغل nagila a (nagal) to fester, suppurate (wound) | نغل قلبه على (qalbuhū) to harbor resentment against, hold a grudge against

نغل nagl, nagil illegitimate child; bastard

نغيل nagīl illegitimate child; bastard

نغولة nugūla illegitimacy, bastardy

نغم nagama u i and nagima a (nagm, nagam) to hum a tune; to ling II and V do.

نغم nagm and nagam pl. انغام angām tune, air, melody; voice, part (mus., of a contrapuntal composition); timbre, tone color; sound, tone

نغمة nagima, nagama pl. nagamāt tone; sound; musical note, tone (of the gamut; mus.); inflection, intonation, melody; song, chant

تناغم tanāgum symphonia, concord (of sounds)

منغوم mangūm melodious (voice)

نغا (نغو ) nagā u (nagw) and نغى nagā i (nagy) to speak (الى to s.o.) III to whisper (ه in s.o.’s ear); to talk gently, kindly, tenderly (ه to s.o., esp., to a child); to flatter, court (ه s.o.); to twitter (bird); (eg.) to babble (child)

نف naffa i to blow one’s nose; to snuff’

نفة naffa (tun.) pinch of snuff; snuff

نفاف naffāf snuffer

نفث nafata u i (naft) to spit, spit out, expectorate, discharge, cough out (هـ s.th.); to squirt out (هـ its venom; of a snake); to exhale, puff out (هـ the smoke; of a smoker); to utter, voice (هـ s.th.); to exude and inspire (في هـ with s.th. s.o.), transfuse (في هـ s.th. into s.o.)

نفث naft expectoration; saliva, spittle | نفث الشيطان n. aš-šaiṭān erotic poetry

نفثة nafta pl. nafatāt expectoration; saliva, spittle; pl. expectorated or ejected matter, expectorations, discharge, outpourings, emissions, effusions; invectives, accusations | نفثات الأقلام literary productions

نفاثة nufāta saliva, spittle

نفاثة (طائرة ) naffāta jet plane

نفاثي naffātī jet- (in compounds) | تسيير نفاثي jet propulsion

نفاثة naffāta pl. -āt woman who spits on the knots (in exercising a form of Arabian witchcraft in which women tie knots in a cord and spit upon them with an imprecation; Kor. 113,4); sorceress

نفج nafaja u (nafj, نفجان nafajān, نفوج nufūj) to spring up and take to flight (game); to jump, leap, bound; to vaunt, brag, boast V to brag, boast VIII = I

نفج nafj bragging, boasting

نفاج nafāj braggart, show-off; snob

نافجة nllftia pl. نوافج nawāfij2 musk bag; container for musk

نفح nafaḥa a (nafḥ, نفحان nafaḥān, نفاح nufāḥ) to spread, be diffused (fragrance), exhale a pleasant smell, be fragrant; to blow (wind); to make s.o. (ه ) a present of (ب ), present (ب ه s.o. with); to treat (هـ ه s.o. to s.th.) III to protect, defend (عن s.th.)

نفحة nafḥa pl. nafaḥāt breeze, gust; breath; diffusing odor; fragrance, perfume scent; gift, present

منفحة manfaḥa rennet

نفخ nafaka u (nafk) to blow, puff; to breathe; to blow up, inflate, fill with air (هـ or في s.th.); O to pump up, fill (a tire); O to fill with gas (balloon); to blow (هـ tunes, في on an instrument); to breathe s.th. (هـ ) into s.o. (في ). inspire (هـ في s.o. with); to inflate, puff up, elate, flush with success, fill with pride (ه s.o.) | نفخ في البوق (būq) to blow the trumpet; نفخ في روحه (rūḥihī) to animate, inspirit s.o.; نفخ في صورته (ṣūratihī) to bring s.th. into being, give birth to s.th.; نفخ في زمارة روحه (zammārati rūḥihī) to rouse s.o.’s temper; نفخ الشمعة (šam‘a) to blowout a candle; نفخ شدقيه (šidqaihi) to be puffed up, become inflated VIII to be blown up, inflated, filled with air; to swell; to puff up, become inflated | انتفخ سحره (saḥrahū) and انتفخت مساحره (masāḥiruhū) his lungs became inflated (out of fear or pride)

نفخ nafk blowing, blowing up, inflation, pumping up, filling with air

نفخة nafka (n. vic.) blow, puff; breath; gust; distention, inflation, swelling; conceit, overweeningness, haughtiness | نفخة كذابة (كاذبة ) (kaddāba) self-conceit, vainglory, bumptiousness

نفاخ naffāk flatulent

نفانخ nuffāk swelling

نفاخة naffāka bladder; bubble

منفخ minfak pl. منافخ manāfik2 bellows

منفاخ minfāk pl. منافيخ manāfīk 2 bellows; air pump, tire pump; blowpipe

تنفخ tanaffuk inflatedness, inflation; bumptiousness, bumptious behavior

انتفاخ intifāk process of being inflated; distention, inflation, swelling, protuberance; flatulence, meteorism (med.) | انتفاخ الرئة int. ar-ri’a pulmonic emphysema

نافخ nāfik blowing; blower; flatulent | ما بالدار نافخ ضرمة (n. ḍarmatin) there is not a soul in the house

منفوخ manfūk blown up, puffed up, inflated; swollen; pumped up, inflated; paunchy, obese, fat; conceited, self-conceited, overweening, snobbish

منتفخ muntafik blown up, puffed up, inflated; swollen

نفد nafida a (nafad, نفاد nafād) to be exhausted, depleted, used up; to run out, come to an end, dwindle away; to be out of print | نفد لديه معين الصبر (ma‘īn aṣ-ṣabr) to be at the end of one’s patience IV and X to use up, consume, spend, exhaust, drain, deplete (هـ s.th.); to taste thoroughly, enjoy to the full (هـ

s.th.) | استنفد كل وسع (kulla wus‘in) to exhaust, or avail o.s. of, every possibility

نفدة nafda pl. nafadāt entry (in an account book), booked item

نفاد nafād exhaustion, consumption, depletion (of stores), dwindling, wastage, waste

النفود an-nafūd Nafud (desert in N Nejd)

نافد nāfid: نافد الصبر n. aṣ-ṣabr impatient

نافدة nāfida void, vacuum

نفذ nafada u (نفاذ nafād, نفوذ nufūd) to pierce, bore (هـ s.th. or من through s.th.), penetrate (هـ, من s.th.), go or pass (هـ, ب through s.th.); to penetrate (الى into), get through, pass through (الى to); O (mil.) to break through, fight one’s way through the enemy (من or في ); to get (الى to s.o.), arrive (الى at s.o.’s place), reach (الى s.o.); to lead (الى to), give, open (الى on; of a door or window); to communicate, be connected (الى with; of a building, lot, premises), join; to be carried out, be executed, be legally valid, be effective, be operative, be enforceable, be executable, be executory; to do well or skillfully (في s.th.) II and IV to cause (هـ s.th.) to pierce or penetrate; to carry out, execute, accomplish, effect (هـ s.th., also, an idea), do, perform, fulfill, discharge (هـ a duty); to realize, implement, carry into effect (هـ a plan, a project, ideas); to enforce (هـ a resolution); to carry through (هـ a program); to execute, carry out (هـ a sentence; في against s.o.); to transmit, convey, send, dispatch, forward (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.) V to be executed, be carried out

نفذ nafad pl. انفاذ anfād opening, aperture, orifice, hole, vent, outlet, escape, way out

نفاذ nafād penetration, permeation; implementation, realization, effectuation; effectiveness; execution | نفاذ البصيرة perspicacity, acute discernment, penetration

نفاذ nafād piercing, penetrating; effective, effectual; permeable, pervious

نفوذ nufūd penetration, permeation; effectiveness, effect, action; influence, prestige, authority | نفوذ مطلق (muṭlaq) full powers, free hand, unlimited authority; ذو نفوذ influential; نطاق النفوذ sphere of influence

منفذ manfad, manfid pl. منافذ manāfid2 opening in a wall, air hole, window; passage, passageway, exit; outlet; way out, escape; entrance, access; gateway, gate; loophole, dodge; O electrode (el.) | O منفذ المياه m. al-miyāh flood gate, lock gate, sluice gate; المنفذ البحري (baḥrī) access to the sea

تنفيذ tanfīd carrying out, implementation, effectuation. realization; discharge, accomplishment, fulfillment, performance, execution; distraint, legal execution (jur.) | دخل في طور (دور) التنفيذ (ṭauri, dauri t-t.) to become effective, come into force; عون التنفيذ ‘aun at-t. minor executory officer, bailiff (tun.); قسم التنفيذ qism at-t. executive division (of a court); احكام قابلة للتنفيذ executory decisions, precepts, executions, writs of fieri facias (jur.)

تنفيذي tanfīdī executory, executive | لجنة تنفيذية (tanfīdīya) executive committee

انفاذ infād sending, dispatch, conveyance, delivery, transmission; carrying out, execution, discharge, performance

نافذ nāfid piercing, penetrating; effective, operative, effectual; legally valid | اصبح نافذا (aṣbaḥa) to become operative, become effective, come into force (law); الحكم نافذ فيه (ḥukmu) the sentence will be carried out, has legal force; نافذ الكلمة n. al-kalima influential, powerful; نافذ المفعول valid, effective, in force; امر نافذ (amr) strict order

نافذة nāfida pl. نوافذ nawāfid2 opening in a wall, air hole; window; O wicket | O نافذة الإطلاق n. al-iṭlāq loophole, embrasure

منفذ munaffid executant, executer, executioner | منفذ الوصية m. al-waṣīya executor (jur.); عون منفذ (‘aun) minor executory officer, bailiff (tun.)

متنفذ mutanaffid influential

نفر nafara u i (نفور nufūr, نفار nifār) to shy, bolt, stampede (animal); -- (nafar) to flee, run away; to have an aversion (من to), have a distaste (من for); to avoid, shun, eschew (عن or من s.th.), keep clear (عن or من of), turn away, flee (عن or من from); to hurry, rush, hasten (ل or الى to); -- i (نفور nufūr) to swell, bulge out, protrude, jut out, stick out II to startle, frighten, scare away, chase away, drive away (هـ s.th.); to fill (ه s.o.) with an aversion (من to), arouse a distaste (من ه in s.o. for), make loathsome (من ه to s.o. s.th.), alienate, estrange, deter (من ه s.o. from), spoil s.o.’s (ه ) pleasure (من in), make (ه s.o.) dissatisfied (من with) III to avoid (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), keep away (ه from s.o.), have an aversion (ه to s.o.); to contradict (هـ s.th.), be incompatible (هـ with) VI to avoid each other; to conflict, clash; to disagree, he incongruous, incompatible, mutually repellent X to he frightened away; to call upon s.o. (ه ) to fight (على against), call out (ه s.o.) to go to war (على against)

نفر nafar pl. انفار anfār band, party, group, troop; troops; person, individual; (mil.) soldier, private; man (as a numerative)

نفرة nafra aversion, distaste, dislike, antipathy

نفور nufūr shying, flight; bolting, stampede (of an animal); aversion, distaste, dislike, displeasure, alienation, estrangement

نفور nufūr shy, easily frightened, scary, fearful, timid; reticent, diffident, bashful, coy, reserved

نفير nafīr pl. انفار anfār, انفرة anfira band, party, group, troop; departure into battle; trumpet | نفير عام (‘āmm) general call to arms, levy en masse; general alarm

نافورة nāfūra pl. نوافير nawāfīr2 fountain

نوفرة naufara pl. نوافر nawāfir2 fountain

تنفير tanfīr estrangement, alienation, repulsion, deterrence

تنافر tanāfur mutual aversion or repulsion, disagreement, disunion, dissension, conflict, strife, incongruity, discord

نافر nāfir pl. نفر nafr, nuffar fleeing, fugitive, shy, fearful, timid; having an aversion (من to) or a distaste (من for); swelling, protuberant, bulging, protruding, projecting, jutting out; relief-like, in relief; three-dimensional, 3-D (film)

منفر munaffir, munfir repulsive, repellent

نفس nafusa u (nafas, نفاس nifās, نفاسة nafāsa) to be precious, valuable, priceless; -- nafisa a (nafas) to be sparing, niggardly (ب with s.th.); -- (نفاسة nafāsa) to envy, begrudge (ه على s.o. s.th.); -- nafisa a and pass. nufisa (نفاس nifās) to he in childbed II to cheer up, comfort, appease, reassure (ه s.o.); to relieve (عن s.o., of s.th., esp., of sorrow, cares), dispel, banish (عن s.o.’s هـ worries, anxieties); to air (عن one’s secret feelings), give vent (عن to one’s emotions), uncover, reveal, voice, get off one’s chest, get out of one’s system, abreact (عن one’s suppressed desires, frustrations, fears, etc.); to desist (عن from), cease (عن doing s.th.); pass. nuffisa to get lost (عن to s.o.); to let out air, leak; to be in childbed III to compete, vie (عن ه with s.o. in); to compete, fight, struggle (على for), seek. try to obtain, desire (على s.th.), strive, be out (على for), aspire (على to) V to breathe, inhale and exhale; to take breath, pause for breath. have a breather, have a break, take a rest | تنفس الحسرات المؤلمة (al-ḥasarāti l-mu’lima) to heave painful sighs; تنفس الصعداء (ṣu‘adā’a) to sigh deeply; to breathe a sigh of relief, breathe again; تنفس النفس الأخير (nafasa) to be at one’s last gasp, be dying; تنفس عن الحياة (ḥayāh) to breathe one’s last, die VI to rival, compete, vie, contend (على for, في in s.th.)

نفس nafs f., pl. نفوس nufūs, انفس anfus soul; psyche; spirit, mind; life; animate being, living creature, human being, person, individual (in this sense, masc.); essence, nature; inclination, liking, appetite, desire; personal identity, self (used to paraphrase the reflexive pronoun; see examples below) | بنفسه he himself; personally, in person; نحن بنفسوسنا we ourselves; في نفس الأمر (n. il-amr) in reality, actually, in fact; في نفس الواقع do.; عند انفسهم in their own opinion; جأءني هو نفسه (بنفسه ) he himself came to me, he came personally to see me; جاء من نفس he came of his own accord; ما وعدت به فيما بيني وبين نفسي what I had promised myself; نفس الأمر n. al-amr the essence of the matter, the nature of the affair; نفس الشيء the thing itself; the same thing, the very thing; الاعتماد على النفس and الثقة بالنفس (tiqa) self-confidence, self-reliance; بشق النفس bi-šiqqi n-n. or بشق الأنفس (following لا لا ) with (the greatest) difficulty, barely; صغير النفس base-minded, low-minded; عفيف النفس unselfish, selfless, altruistic; علم النفس ‘ilm an-n. psychology; كبير النفس high-minded, proud; محبة النفس maḥabbat an-n. amour propre, selfishness; بذل النفس والنفيس to make every conceivable sacrifice, sacrifice all, give up all one’s possessions

نفسي nafsī spiritual, mental, psychic(al); (pl. -ūn) psychologist | التحليل النفسي psychoanalysis; حالة نفسية state of mind, mood

نفسية nafsīya mental life, inner life, psyche; frame of mind; mentality, mental attitude, disposition; psychology

نفس nafas pl. انفاس anfās breath; whiff; puff (from a smoking pipe, from a cigarette); swallow, gulp, draught; style of an author; freedom, liberty, convenience, discretion | حتى النفس الأخير to the last breath; ذو نفس enough to slake the thirst; refreshing (drink); ضيق النفس ḍīq an-n. labored breathing, asthma; هو في نفس من اموره he acts according to his own desires; انت في نفس من امرك (amrika) you can do as you please! امسك نفاسه (anfāsahū) to hold one’s breath; فاضت انفاسه (anfāsuhū) to give up the ghost

نفسة nufsa respite, delay

نفساء nafsā’2 pl. نوافس nawāfis2 confined, in childbed; a woman in childbed

نفساني nafsānī psychic(al), mental | طب نفساني (ṭibb) psychiatry; طبيب نفساني psychiatrist; عالم نفساني psychologist

O نفسانية nafsānīya psychology

نفاس nifās parturition; delivery, childbirth, confinement, accouchement; childbed, puerperium; see also below | حمى النفاس ḥummā n-n. or حمى نفاسية puerperal fever, childbed fever

نفاسة naffāsa preciousness, costliness

نفيس nafīs precious, costly, valuable, priceless

نفيسة nafīsa pl.. نفائس nafā’is2 gem, object of value, precious thing

منفس manfas pl. منافس manāfis2 breathing hole, air hole, valve

تنفيس tanfīs airing, ventilation

منافسة munāfasa pl. -āt emulation; competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic event, contest, match

نفاس nifās emulation; competition (also com.); rivalry; athletic event, contest, match

تنفس tanaffus respiration

تنفسي tanaffusī: جهاز تنفسي (jahāz) respiratory system

تنافس tanāfus mutual competition, rivalry; fight, struggle (على for) | تنافس حيوي (ḥayawī) struggle for existence

منافس munāfis competitor; rival

متنفس mutanaffas place to breathe freely; breathing space, free scope (for s.th.), free atmosphere; relief, escape, way out

نفش nafaša u (nafš) to tease (هـ wool); to swell out, puff up; to swell, become swollen; to ruffle its feathers (bird) II to comb or card (هـ cotton) V to puff up, become inflated; to ruffle the feathers, bristle the hair VIII do.

نفش nafaš wool

نفاش naffāš a variety of large lemon

منفوش manfūš puffed up, inflated; ruffled, bristling; disheveled (hair); fluffy (hair, wool)

نفض nafaḍa u (nafḍ) to shake (هـ s.th.), shake off (عن هـ s.th. from), shake out, dust, dust off (هـ s.th.); to knock the ashes from a cigarette (هـ ); to make (ه s.o.) shiver (fever); -- u (نفوض nufūḍ) to recover, recuperate (من from) | نفض عنه الكسل (kasala) or نفض غبار كسله (gubāra kasalihī) to shake off one’s laziness; نفض غباره (gubārahū) lit.: to shake off its dust, i.e., to have reached the end of, be finished with; نفض عنه الهم (hamma) to shake off one’s sorrows, shed one’s anxiety; نفض في لعب الأوراق (la‘ibi l-aurāq) to gamble away at cards; نفض يده من الأمر (yadahū, amr) to chuck s.th., shake off s.th., rid o.s. of, refuse to have anything to do with; نفض يده من يد فلان to break with s.o. dissociate o.s. from, go back on s.o. II to shake violently, shake out, dust off (هـ s.th.) IV to use up completely, exhaust (هـ provisions, stores); to be devoid of all means, be reduced to poverty, be impoverished, be depleted; to shake off (عن ه s.o. from); to remove, dismiss (عن ه s.o. from) VIII to be shaken off, be dusted off; to shake; to shudder, shiver, tremble (من with) | انتفض واقفا (wāqifan) to jump up, jump to one’s feet

نفض nafaḍ that which is shaken off or falls off

نفضي nafḍī: O غابة نفضية deciduous forest, leafy forest

نفضة nafaḍa scouting party, reconnaissance patrol

نفضة nufaḍa ague fit, feverish shiver

نفاض nufāḍ ague fit, feverish shiver

نفاضة nufāḍa that which is shaken off or falls off

نفيضة nafīḍa pl. نفائض nafā’iḍ2 scouting party, reconnaissance patrol

منفض minfaḍ sieve; winnow

منفضة minfaḍa pl. منافض manāfiḍ2 ashtray; feather duster; O vacuum cleaner

انتفاض intifāḍ shaking, shiver, shudder, tremor

انتفاضة intifāḍa (n. vic.) shiver, shudder, tremor

نفط nafṭ naphtha, petroleum

نفطي nafṭī of naphtha, soaked in naphtha; oil-, petroleum- (in compounds) I مصباح نفطي (miṣbāḥ) oil lamp

نفطة nafṭa blister

نفطة nufaṭa irritable, touchy, thin-skinned; hot-tempered

منفط munaffiṭ blistering, vesicatory

نفع nafa‘a a (naf‘) to be useful, beneficial, advantageous, be of use (ه to s.o.), avail, help (ه s.o.); to be usable, to do, serve (ل for) | لا ينفع of no use II to utilize, turn to use, put to use (هـ s.th.); to use (هـ s.th.), make use (هـ of) VIII to turn to advantage, turn to good account, put to use, utilize, use (من or ب s.th.), take advantage, avail o.s., make use (من or ب of); to profit, gain, benefit (من or ب by s.th.); to enjoy (من or ب s.th.) X=II

نفع naf‘ use, avail, benefit, advantage, profit, gain; good, welfare

نفع naf‘ out for one’s own advantage, self-interested, selfish; profiteer

نفاع naffā‘ very useful, of good use

نفوع nafū‘ pl. نفع nufu‘ very usنفع eful, of good use

منفعة manfa‘a pl. منافع manāfi‘2 use, avail, benefit; beneficial use, useful service; advantage, profit, gain; (Isl. Law) yield of a utilizable thing or of a right, produce; interest; public establishment, public-service facility | منافع عامة (عمومية ) (‘āmma, ‘umūmīya) public-service facilities, specif., property set aside, or available, for public use; منافع صحية (ṣiḥḥīya) sanitary facilities

انتفاع intifā‘ use, employment, utilization, exploitation, usufruct; benefit, advantage, profit, gain

نافع nāfi’ useful, beneficial, advantageous, profitable, usable, serviceable; wholesome, salutary

نافعة nāfi’a public works | وزير النافعة minister of public works

منتفع muntafi’ beneficiary, usufructuary

نفق nafaqa u (نفاق nafāq) to sell well, find a ready market (merchandise); to be brisk, active (market); -- nafaqa and nafiqa a (nafaq) to be used up, he spent, run out (stores, provisions, money), be exhausted; -- nafaqa u (نفوق nufūq) to die, perish (esp., of an animal) II to sell III to dissemble, dissimulate, play the hypocrite | نافق ضميره (ḍamīrahū) to act contrary to the dictates of one’s conscience IV to spend, expend, layout, disburse (على ه money for); to use up, consume, spend, exhaust, waste, squander, dissipate (هـ s.th.); to spend, pass (هـ time); to provide (على for s.o., esp., for s.o.’s means of support), support (على s.o.), bear the cost of s.o.’s (على ) maintenance V تنفق بكذبة على (bi-kidbatin) to tell s.o. a fib X to spend, waste (على هـ money for)

نفق nafaq pl. نفاق anfāq tunnel, underground passageway

نفقة nafaqa pl. -āt, نفاق nifāq expense; cost; outlay, expenditure, disbursement; cost of living, maintenance, support; (Isl. Law) adequate support, esp., of the wife; charitable gift, handout (to the poor) | على نفقة at s.o.’s expense; قليل النفقات inexpensive, cheap

نفاق nafāq brisk trade, good business; salability (of a commodity)

منفاق minfāq squanderer, wastrel, spendthrift, profligate

منافقة munāfaqa hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance

نفاق nifāq hypocrisy, dissimulation, dissemblance

انفاق infāq spending, expenses, outlay, expenditure, disbursement

نافق nāfiq selling well, easily marketable, in demand (commodity)

منافق munāfiq hypocrite, dissembler

نفل V and VIII to do more than is required by duty or obligation, to supererogate (specif., prayers, charity, or the like)

نفل nafl supererogatory performance, specif., a work of supererogation

نفل nafal pl. انفال anfāl, نفول nufūl, نفال nifāl booty, loot, spoil; present

نفل nafal clover

نافلة nāfila pl. نوافل nawāfil2 supererogatory performance; work of supererogation; gift, present; booty, loot, spoil | من نافلة القول ان (n. il-qaul) it goes without saying that ...

نفنف nafnaf pl. نفانف nafānif2 air, atmosphere; steep hillside, precipitous cliff

نفنوف nafnūf (ir.) a woman’s dress

نفو ) and نفا (نفي nafā u (nafw) and نفى nafā i (nafy) to expel, eject, oust, ostracize, exclude (عن or على ه s.o. from), remove, evict, banish, exile, expatriate (ه s.o.); to deport (ه s.o.); to refute, disprove, rebut, controvert, repudiate (هـ s.th.); to deny (هـ s.th.); to reject, dismiss, discard, disclaim, disavow, decline, refuse, disallow (هـ s.th.); to exclude, preclude (هـ s.th.); to negate (gram.) III to hunt, chase, pursue, track down (ه s.o.); to exclude, preclude (هـ s.th.); to contradict (هـ s.th.), be contrary (هـ to); to be incompatible, be inconsistent (هـ with) VI to be mutually exclusive or contradicting, cancel each other out, be incompatible VIII to be banished, be exiled, be expelled; to be refuted, be disproved, be controverted, be contradicted, be denied; to fall off, fall away, be dropped, be omitted, be absent, be nonexistent X to reject as worthless, useless, unacceptable (هـ s.th.)

نفي nafy expulsion; banishment, exile, expatriation; ejection, ousting, eviction, ostracism; deportation; denial, disclaimer, disavowal, repudiation, disproof, refutation, rebuttal, refusal, rejection, disallowance, prohibition, ban; negation

(gram.) | حرف النفي ḥarf an-n. particle of negation (gram.); شاهد نفي witness for the defense (as opposed to شاهد اثبات š. itbāt)

نفيي nafyī negative

نفي nafīy denied; rejected, discarded

نفاء nafā’, نفاة nafāh and نفاوة nafāwa s.th. discarded as worthless or useless; dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings, garbage

نفاية nufāya pl. -āt s.th. discarded as worthless or useless; remnant, remains; discard, castoff; reject, throwout; dross, refuse, waste, scrap, offal, sweepings, garbage; O نفايات excretions (biol.)

منفى manfan pl. مناف manāfin place of exile; banishment, exile

منافاة munāfāh contradiction, incompatibility, inconsistency

تناف tanāfin mutual incompatibility

انتفاء intifā’ absence, lack

منفي manfīy turned down, denied, rejected, discarded; negated, negative; banished, exiled, expatriated; deported

مناف munāfin incompatible

نق naqqa i (نقيق naqīq) to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck (hen)

نقاق naqqāq surly person, gruff man, grumbler; griper, carper, faultfinder

نقاقة naqqāqa frog

نقيق naqīq croaking, croak; cackling, cackle

1 نقب naqaba u (naqb) to bore, pierce, perforate, breach (هـ s.th.), make a hole or breach (هـ in), punch or drill a hole (هـ through); to dig, dig up, dig out, excavate, hollow out (هـ s.th.); to traverse (في a country), pass, travel (في through); to inquire, ask, look, search (عن for), examine thoroughly, investigate, explore, search into, delve into; -- naqiba a (naqab) to be perforated, be full of holes II to drill (عن for, e.g., for oil); to examine thoroughly, study, investigate (عن s.th.), penetrate, delve, s8&roh (عن into), look, s8&roh (عن for); to travel (في through) III to vie in virtues (ه with s.o.) V to examine, study, investigate (عن s.th.), look, search (عن for); to veil her face (woman); to be perforated, he full of holes VIII to put on a veil, veil one’s face

نقب naqb digging, excavation; piercing, perforation; -- (pl. انقاب anqāb, نقاب niqāb) hole, opening, breach; boring, bore; tunnel

نقاب naqqāb punch

نقاب niqāb pl. نقب nuqub, انقبة anqiba veil | كشف النقاب عن to uncover, reveal, disclose s.th.

نقابة niqāba pl. -āt cooperative society; union, association, guild; corporation; syndicate; trade union, labor union | نقابة العمال n. al-‘ummāl trade-union, labor union

نقابي niqābī cooperative; syndicalistic; syndicalist; trade-unionist

نقابية niqābīya syndicalism; trade-unionism

نقيب naqīb pl. نقباء nuqabā’2 leader, head, headman; director, principal, chief; chairman of a guild; president; syndic, corporation lawyer; (mil.) captain (army), lieutenant (navy) (Eg. 1939 and U.A.R.); tongue of a balance | نقيب الأشراف head of the Alids, head of the descendants of the Prophet

نقيبة naqība pl. نقائب naqā’ib2 soul, spirit, mind, intellect; natural disposition, nature, temper, character

منقب manqib, minqab and منقبة manqaba pl. مناقب manāqib2 mountain trail, defile, pass

منقب minqab and منقبة minqaba punch, perforator, drill; lancet

مناقب manāqib2 virtues, outstanding traits; glorious deeds, facts, exploits

تنقيب tanqīb pl. -āt drilling (esp., for oil); digging, excavation; investigation, examination, inquiry, search, exploration, research

منقب munaqqib investigator, researcher, scholar, explorer

2 النقب an-naqab Negev (desert region in S Israel)

نقح naqaḥa a (naqḥ) to prune, lop (هـ a tree), trim, clip (هـ s.th.) II do.; to review, revile, read over carefully, correct (هـ a writing), improve, polish, refine (the style) IV to check, go over, re-examine, revise, correct (هـ s.th.)

تنقيح tanqīḥ checking, (re-)examination; revision; correction

نقد naqada u (naqd) to pay in cash (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to peck (هـ at); to examine critically (هـ s.th.); to criticize (هـ على s.o. for) III to call to account (ه s.o.) IV to pay (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) VIII to criticize (هـ s.th.), find fault (هـ with), take exception (هـ to), disapprove (هـ of); to show up the shortcomings (على of s.o.), criticize (على s.o.); to receive payment in cash

نقد naqd criticism; -- (pl. نقود nuqūd) cash, ready money; pl. specie, coins, change; نقدا in cash; for cash, cash down | بالنقد in cash; for cash, cash down; ورق النقد waraq an-n. banknotes, paper money; حافظة النقود change purse

نقدي naqdī monetary, pecuniary; numismatic, of coin; cash (adj.) | تضخم نقدي (taḍakkum) inflation; جزاء نقدي (jazā’) a monetary fine

نقدية naqdīya ready money, cash

نقاد naqqād critic; reviewer

نقادة naqqāda captious critic, caviler, carper

منقد manqad (eg.) brazier

منقاد minqād pl. مناقيد manāqīd2 beak, bill (of a bird)

انتقاد intiqād pl. -āt objection, exception; criticism, censure, reproof, disapproval; review, critique

ناقد nāqid pl. -ūn, نقاد nuqqād, نقدة naqada critic

منتقد muntaqid critic

منتقد muntaqad blameworthy, reprehensible, objectionable, exceptionable

نقذ naqada u (naqd) to deliver, save, rescue (من ه s.o. from); -- naqida a (naqad) to be saved, be rescued, save o.s., escape IV to deliver, save, rescue (من ه s.o. from); to salvage, recover (هـ s.th.) X = IV

انقاذ inqād deliverance, salvation, saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief

استنقاذ istinqād deliverance, salvation, saving, rescue; salvaging, recovery; relief

منقذ munqid rescuer, savior, deliverer

نقر naqara u (naqr) to dig; to pierce, bore, hollow out, excavate (هـ s.th.), make a cavity or hole (هـ in); to cut, carve (هـ s.th., esp., atone or wood); to engrave, inscribe (في in); to peck up (هـ a grain; of a bird); to peck (ه at s.o.); to strike, bang, knock, rap (على at, on); to drum (هـ on s.th.); to snap one’s fingers; to offend, annoy, vex, hurt, insult, revile, malign, defame (ه s.o.), cast a slur (ه on s.o.), make insinuations (ه against s.o.); to investigate, examine (عن s.th.); -- naqira a (naqar) to be offended, annoyed, miffed (على at) II to peck, peck up (هـ s.th.); to investigate, examine (عن s.th.) III to have an argument, to quarrel, wrangle, bicker (ه with s.o.)

نقر naqr excavation, hollowing out, carving out, engraving; hollow, cavity, hole; snap(ping) of the fingers

نقر naqir annoyed, offended, hurt, miffed

نقرة naqra pl. naqarāt blow, knock, bang, rap; drumbeat; pluck(ing) (of strings)

نقرة nuqra pl. نقر nuqar, نقار niqār pit, hollow, cavity, hole; depression; orbit, eye socket; neck furrow, nape

نقرة niqra bickering, wrangle, argument, quarrel

نقار naqqār carver, engraver | نقار الخشب n. al-kašab woodpecker (zool.)

نقارية nuqqārīya pl. -āt (eg.) a percussion instrument resembling a kettledrum

نقير naqīr tiny spot on a date pit; an utterly worthless thing | لا يجدي شروى نقير lā yujdī šarwā n. it won’t help the least bit, it won’t get you anywhere at all; لا يملك شروى نقير he has absolutely nothing, he hasn’t got a red cent to his

name; ...}’ ":I~ J,:i ":I nothing at an, not

the l....t little bit

;~ naqlra pl. ;W naq<!",.a corvette

;~W naqqara sman drum having a

hemispheric body of copper or wood

~,,;~ niiqUr pl. .;:il; naWliqlr’ (Koranic)

a wind instrument

;~~ naqilra (eg.) prattle, idle talk,

rigmarole

~LA:.. m,nqar pl. .;:il:.. manclqlr’ beak.

bill (of a bird); pickax

;.)L:... mutuiqara bickering, wrangle,

argument, quarrel

;;~ tuiq,ra pl. ;s.,; naWliq,r’ bickering,

wrangle, argument, quarrel; misfortune,

calamity

نقرزان naqrazān (eg.) small drum; drummer

نقرس niqris gout; skilled and experienced (physician)

نقريس niqrīs skilled and experienced (physician)

نقز naqaza u i (naqz, نقاز niqāz, نقزان naqazān) to bound, leap, skip, hop II to rock, dandle (ه a child)

نقزة naqza jump, leap, start

ناقوس nāqūs pl. نواقيس nawāqīs2 (church)bell; gong; hand bell (used, e.g., in Coptic liturgy); bell jar, globe

نقش naqaša u (naqš) to variegate, dapple, make many-colored, daub with various colors, bedaub (هـ s.th.); to paint; to chisel, sculpture, carve out; to engrave (هـ s.th., على on, in) II to paint; to engrave; to sculpture III to argue, dispute (ه with s.o.); to discuss (هـ s.th.); to debate (هـ a question); to criticize (هـ s.th.), object, raise an objection (هـ to), raise a protest (هـ against); to bear, examine, interrogate (ه s.o.; jur.) VI to carry on a dispute, to debate (في about) VIII to extract, pull out (هـ a prick or thorn)

نقش naqš pl. نقوش nuqūš painting, picture, drawing; engraving; inscription; sculpture, figure

نقاش naqqāš painter; house painter; artist; sculptor

نقاشة niqāša (art of) painting or sculpture

منقش minqaš pl. مناقش manāqiš2 chisel

منقاش minqāš pl. مناقيش manāqīš2 chisel

مناقشة munāqaša argument, controversy,

dispute, debate, discussion; contestation, opposition, objection, protest

نقاش niqāš argument, controversy, dispute, debate, discussion

منقوش manqūš colored, dappled, variegated; painted; engraved; sculptured; inscribed

مناقش munāqiš opponent in a dispute; disputant

نقص naqaṣa u (naqṣ, نقصان nuqṣān) to decrease, become less, diminish, be diminished, be reduced (هـ by an amount; of a number); to decrease, diminish, lessen, reduce, impair (هـ s.th.), prejudice (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be prejudicial (هـ, ه to), detract (هـ, ه from); to lower, peg down (هـ s.th.); to be deficient, lacking, incomplete, insufficient, inadequate, defective, faulty, imperfect; نقصه الشيء (šai’u) he lacked, needed the thing, was in want of the thing; to fan short (عن of), be less, be lower (عن than) | 13 عاما تنقص شهرا واحدا (‘āman, šahran) 13 years minus one month II and IV to decrease, diminish, lessen (هـ s.th.); to reduce, lower, peg down (هـ s.th.); to curtail, cut (هـ s.th.) III to invite bids (هـ for a project, etc., so as to determine the lowest bidder) VI to decrease gradually, diminish slowly, grow less or smaller by degrees VIII to decrease, diminish, become less; to wane; to impair, diminish, lessen (هـ s.th.) | انتقص من قدره (qadrihī) to disparage s.o., detract from s.o., degrade s.o. X to ask for a reduction (هـ of s.th.); to find (هـ s.th.) decreased, deficient, short, defective, imperfect, inferior; to discover the absence (هـ of), miss (هـ s.th.)

نقص naqṣ decrease, diminution; deficit, loss, damage; wantage, lack, want, shortage (في of); gap, blank, omission; defect, shortcoming, failing, fault, blemish; deficiency, imperfection, inferiority | نقص المواليد falling birth rate; مركب نقص murakkab n. inferiority complex

نقصان nuqṣān = نقص naqṣ

نقيصة naqīṣa pl. نقائص naqā’iṣ2 shortcoming, failing, fault, defect

تنقيص tanqīṣ diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction, lowering

مناقصة munāqaṣa pl. -āt competition to determine the lowest bidder, public invitation to submit bide (for public works), notice to bidders; award of contract to the lowest bidder

انقاص inqāṣ diminution, lessening, decrease, reduction, lowering, curtailment

تناقص tanāquṣ decrease, diminution, decrement

انتقاص intiqāṣ impairment, lessening

ناقص nāqiṣ pl. نقص nuqqaṣ decreasing, diminishing; diminished, lowered, decreased, reduced; faulty, defective; deficient, lacking, imperfect, incomplete; short of supply, scarce; less (عن than); growing lighter; defective (gram.)

منقوص manqūṣ deficient, incomplete; insufficient, inadequate

نقض naqaḍa u (naqḍ) to destroy, demolish, tear down, wreak, raze (هـ s.th.); to tear apart, take apart, undo (هـ s.th.); to break, violate, infringe (هـ s.th., esp., a contract or similar legal obligation); to cancel, abolish, repeal, abrogate, revoke, nullify, declare void, annul (هـ s.th.); to invalidate, refute (هـ a suspicion); to quash, rescind, reverse (هـ a sentence) | نقض الولاء (walā’) to renounce allegiance, to revolt; لا ينقض yunqaḍu irrefutable; incontestable, irrevocable III to be in disagreement (هـ with), be contradictory, contrary, opposite (هـ to), contradict (هـ s.th.), be incompatible, inconsistent (هـ with) V to be destroyed, be demolished, be tom down, be wrecked, be razed; to be broken, be violated; to be undone; to disintegrate, decay, fall down, break down, collapse; to disappear, wear off, fade away, die away VI to contradict each other; to be mutually exclusive VIII = V; to rise, mutiny, rebel, revolt (على against); to attack (على s.o.), take the field, go to war (على against s.o.)

نقض naqḍ destruction, demolition; breach, violation, infringement; infraction, offense; refutation, invalidation; veto (pol.); contradiction, logical incompatibility | نقض الحكم n. al-ḥukm reversal of a sentence; نقض السلام n. as-salām breach of the peace; محكمة النقض والإبرام maḥkamat an-n. wa-l-ibrām Court of Cassation (Eg.); لا يجوز نقضه (yajūzu) (it is) no longer open to an appeal, incapable of revision, irrevisable, legally valid, final (sentence); حق النقض ḥaqq an-n. right of veto

انقاض anqāḍ (pl. of نقض nuqḍ) debris; rubble

نقيض naqīḍ opposed, opposite, contrary, antithetical, contradictory; antithesis, opposition, contrast, opposite | على نقيض contrary to, in opposition to, in contradistinction to, unlike; على النقيض on the contrary; انتقل من النقيض الى نقيضه (intaqala) to go from one extreme to the other, move in extremes

نقيضة naqīḍa pl. نقائض naqā’iḍ2 polemic poem; contrast

مناقضة munāqaḍa sharp contrast, contradiction; opposition; contestation of a right

تناقض tanāquḍ mutual contradiction, incompatibility; inconsistency, contrariety

انتقاض intiqāḍ collapse, breakdown; uprising, revolt, rebellion

منقوض manqūḍ destroyed, demolished, wrecked; broken, violated; undone, repealed, abrogated, annulled; refutable, disprovable

مناقض munāqiḍ contradictory, contrary, incompatible, inconsistent | مناقض ذاته (dātahū) self-contradictory

مناقض mutanāqiḍ mutually contradicting, contradictory, conflicting, mutually incompatible; pl. متناقضات contrasts, contrarieties, contradictions, oppositions

نقط naqaṭa u (naqṭ) to point, provide with diacritical points (هـ a letter) II do.; to spot, dot, dab, stain, speckle (هـ s.th.); to fall in drops, drip; to cause (هـ s.th.) to drip, let (هـ s.th.) fall in drops, drop (هـ s.th.); to distribute (ب or هـ s.th.) as a present (على to s.o.); to give a wedding present (la to the bride)

نقطة nuqṭa pl. نقط nuqaṭ, نقاط niqāṭ point, dot; diacritical point; period, full stop; drop; jot, title, speck; trifle, tiny piece; part (esp., of motors, of machines); matter, affair, subject, point; detail, particular; item; spot, location, site; place, village, hamlet, market town

(geogr.); branch, post (adm.); base, position, outpost (mil.); (eg.) wedding present; النقطتان colon (typ.) | نقطة الاتصال n. al-ittiṣāl junction (of traffic lanes); O نقط الارتكاز fortified position, pocket of resistance (mil.); O نقطة اساسية (asāsīya) key position; نقطة الاستفهام interrogation mark; نقطة الاطفاء n. al-iṭfā’ or نقطة المطافئ fire station; نقطة البوليس police station, station house; نقطة التحول n. at-taḥawwul turning point, turn of events, turn of the tide; نقطة التشحيم grease nipples (of motors); نقطة جمركية (gumrukīya) customs station, customhouse; O نقطة خارجية (kārijīya) outpost; نقطة الذنب n. ad-danab aphelion (astron.); نقطة الرأس n. ar-ra’s perihelion (astron.); نقطة العنبر n. al-‘anbar mole; beauty spot; نقطة العين n. al-‘ain leucoma (med.); O نقطة القتال combat area, zone of action; داء النقطة epilepsy; فوز بالنقط (fauz) victory on points (in sports)

نقوط nuqūṭ (syr., eg.) wedding present to the bride

نقيطة nuqaiṭa droplet

نقاطة naqqāṭa dropping tube, dropper, pipette

منقوط manqūṭ having one (diacritical) point; pointed, having (diacritical) points; spotted, dotted, speckled | فصلة منقوطة (faṣla) semicolon

منقط munaqqaṭ pointed, having (diacritical) points; spotted, dotted, speckled

نقع naqa‘a a (naq‘) to soak, steep (فى هـ s.th. in); to infuse, brew (هـ tea, etc.); to slake, quench (هـ thirst); to stagnate, be stagnant, gather in a pool (water) IV to soak, macerate (هـ s.th. in a liquid); to slake, quench (هـ thirst) X to stagnate, be stagnant; to become impure and foul by stagnation (water); to be swampy (ground)

نقع naq‘ maceration, soaking, steeping; infusion; (pl. انقع anqu‘) stagnant water, quagmire, swamp, bog; (pl. نقاع niqā‘, نقوع nuqū‘) dust

نقع nuqā‘a infusion

O نقاعيات nuqā‘īyāt infusoria

نقيع naqī‘ infusion; that with which s.th. is soaked or permeated; (eg.) juice obtained from dried fruits soaked in water

نقوع naqū‘ dried fruit, dried apricots

منقع manqa‘ pl. مناقع manāqi‘2 quagmire, swamp, bog;, sump, place where water gathers | منقع الدم m. ad-dam place of execution

منقوع manqū‘ macerated, soaked; infusion

مستنقع mustanqa‘ pl. -āt quagmire, swamp, bog; moor, morass, marsh, fen | حمى المستنقعات ḥummā l-m. swamp fever, malaria

نقف naqf, niqf chick

نقل naqala u (naql) to move from its place, move away, displace (هـ s.th.); to remove, take away, carry away, carry, transport (الى هـ s.th. to); to transfer, transplant, shift, translocate, relocate (هـ من الى, ه s.o., s.th. from to); to transmit, convey, communicate, bring, deliver, make overt pass on, hand over (الى ه s.th. to s.o.); to remove, dismiss (ه s.o.); to move, remove (الى to); to copy (من from); to translate (من الى from one language into the other); to hand down, pass on, report, relate (الى هـ s.th. to s.o., عن from, or baaed. on, s.o. or a source); to quote (عن an author or a literary work); to render (هـ a text); to enter, post (هـ an item; in bookkeeping); to communicate, spread (الى هـ a disease to s.o.), infect (هـ الى s.o. with); to transfer, assign, convey, cede (الى هـ s.th., esp. a right, to s.o.) II to move, move away, displace, move on, move forward, advance, transport, move about, let wander, let roam (هـ s.th., esp., a great deal of s.th. or a great number of things, s.th. successively, one thing after the other) | نقل خطاه (kuṭāhu) to stride along, move along III to exchange (هـ ه with s.o. words); to cast, shoot (هـ ه at s.o. glances); to report (هـ ه to s.o., s.th.), inform (هـ ه s.o. of); to hand, pass (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) V to be carried, be carried away, be removed, be transported; to be transferred, be conveyed, be assigned; O to be transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its locality; to change one’s residence, remove, go elsewhere; to change position (mil.); to move about; to walk about; to rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about | تناقل في منازل البلاغة (m. al-balāga) to be versed in rhetoric VI to carry, transport (هـ s.th.); to report to one another, relate or tell each other (هـ s.th.); to exchange (هـ s.th.); to spread, report, relate (هـ a story, etc.), pass on, hand down (هـ s.th.); to spread by word of mouth (هـ s.th.) | تناقلته الألسن (alsun) to pass from mouth to mouth, be on everybody’s lips, be the talk of the town; تناقلته الأيدي (aidī) to pass from hand to hand, change hands; تناقلت الجرائد الخبر (kabara) the report was taken up by the entire press; تناقل الكلام (kalama) to talk with one another, have a talk VIII to be carried, be carried away, be removed, be transported; to be transferred, be conveyed, be assigned; O to be transmitted (by radio); to shift, change its locality; to change one’s residence, remove, go elsewhere; to change position (mil.); to walk about; to rove, roam, migrate, wander, travel about; to be transferred (official); to be turned over, be delivered, be transferred (ship); to be communicated (disease), spread (الى to); to be spread, circulate, make the rounds (rumor); to be transplanted (الى into or to); to move, move along, travel; to betake o.s., proceed, go, take the road (الى to). head (الى for), turn (الى to); to apply o.s., turn (الى to a field of interest); to turn, make a turn (الى into another street; of an automobile); to pass (من from one owner الى to the other); O to be propagated, spread (waves, etc.; الى to, occasionally also في ); O to jump across (el. spark); to shift (from attack to defense); to go away, depart (من and عن from), leave a place (من and عن ); to go around (في in or among), make the round (في of), visit (one after the other) | انتقل به الى to shift, translocate, relocate s.th. to; انتقل الى رحمة الله (raḥmati llāh) lit.: to pass away into God’s mercy, i.e., to die; انتقل الى جوار ربه (j. rabbihī) lit.: to be transferred into the presence of the Lord, i.e., to die, pass away

نقل naql carrying, carriage; conveyance, transportation, transport; removal; translocation, relocation, transplantation; transfer (also, e.g., of an official); change of residence, move, remove; transmission (also by radio); translation; transcription, transcript, copy; tradition; report, account; entry, posting (in an account book); conveyance, transfer, assignment, cession | نقلا عن based on, according to; نقل الدم n. ad-dam and نقل الدماء blood transfusion; O نقل الصور باللاسلكي n. aṣ-ṣuwar bi-l-lā-silkī radio-photography; نقل ميكانيكي motor transport (of passengers and cargoes); اجرة النقل ujrat an-n. cartage, carriage, freight; سيارة النقل sayyārat an-n. truck, lorry; معالم النقل transfer fees, assignment fees; وسائل النقل means of transportation, conveyances

نقلي naqlī traditionary, traditional; of or pertaining to transportation, transport- (in compounds) | سيارة نقلية (sayyāra) truck, lorry

نقليات naqlīyāt transport services, transportation system, transportation; transports

| نقليات عسكرية (‘askarīya) troop transports

نقل naql, nuql pl. نقول nuqūl candied almonds or nuts, candy, sweets, dried fruits, etc., as a dessert

نقل naqal rubble, debris

نقلة nuqla migration

نقلة nuqla pl. نقل nuqal gossip; pattern, model

نقال naqqāl portable, transportable

نقالة naqqāla pl. -āt stretcher; ambulance; transport, transport vessel; truck, lorry

نقيل naqīl (yem.) mountain trail, defile, pass

منقل manqal and منقل manqala pl. مناقل manāqil2 brazier

منقلة manqala a day’s march; way station, stopping place; O protractor

تنقل tanaqqul change of locality; change of residence; (mil.) change of position, station or garrison; traveling, roving, roaming, wandering, migration; conveyance, transportation, transport; transmission (radio); transfer; reshuffle, shake-up, reorganization, change of personnel; regrouping, shifting, rearrangement

انتقال intiqāl change of locality; locomotion; change of residence, move, remove, removal; translocation, relocation; transfer; conveyance, transportation, transport; transition (من – الى from -- to); transmission; communication, infection; transit, passage (of the sun through the zodiac); demise, death | طور الانتقال ṭaur al-int. transition period; فترة الانتقال fatrat al-int. interim period, interim stage, stage of transition; عيد انتقال العذراء ‘īd int. al-‘adrā’ Day of the Assumption of the Virgin (Chr.)

انتقالي intiqālī: عهد انتقالي (‘ahd) transition period

ناقل nāqil pl. -ūn, نقلة naqala, نقال nuqqāl carrying; carrier; bearer; translator; copyist; -- conductor (el.) | ناقل السرعة n. as-sur‘a gear-shift lever (of an automobile)

ناقلة nāqila pl. -āt transport, transport vessel | ناقلة البترول n. al-betrōl and ناقلة الزيت n. az-zait tanker; ناقلة الجنود troop-ship, transport; ناقلة الطائرات aircraft carrier

ناقلية nāqilīya conductivity (el.)

منقول manqūl carried, conveyed, transported; transferred; transmitted; translated; copied, transcribed; movable, mobile, portable; handed down, traditional; traditional stock; (pl. -āt) a movable thing | منقولات or اموال (املاك) منقولة movable property, movables, effects, personal property; منقولات المنزل m. al-manzil household furniture, household effects

متنقل mutanaqqil movable, mobile; portable; ambulant, itinerant, migrant, roving, roaming; nomad; inconstant, changing | مستشفى منتقل (mustašfā) temporary field hospital, ambulance

منتقل muntaqil ambulatory; movable, mobile; contagious, infectious, communicable | الأعياد المنتقلة the movable feasts; علة منتقلة (‘illa) contagious disease

نقم naqama i (naqm) and naqima a (naqam) to revenge o.s., avenge o.s., take revenge (من on s.o.), take vengeance; to be hostile (على to), be full of rancor or vindictiveness, have a spite, be resentful (على against s.o.), be mad, angry (على at s.o., هـ for, because 00; to hate, loathe, detest (على s.o.); to hold s.th. (هـ ) against s.o. (على ) VIII to revenge o.s., avenge o.s. take revenge (من on); to take vengeance (ل for)

نقمة naqma revenge, vengeance; rancor, spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune, adversity, punishment, trial, affliction, heavy blow; retribution

نقمة niqma, naqima pl. نقم niqam, نقمات niqamāt revenge, vengeance; rancor, spite, grudge, resentment; misfortune, adversity, punishment, trial, affliction, heavy blow

انتقام intiqām revenge, vengeance

ناقم nāqim avenger; hostile (على to); indignant, angry (على at or about)

منتقم muntaqim avenger; vindictive, revengeful

1 نقنق naqnaqa to croak (frog); to cackle, cluck (hen); to gnaw, nibble

2 نقانق naqāniq2 small mutton sausages (syr.)

نقه naqaha a (نقوه nuqūh) and naqiha a (naqah) to be on the road to recovery, to convalesce; to recover, recuperate (من from) VIII do.

نقه naqah and نقهة naqha recovery, convalescence

نقه naqih recovering, convalescent

نقاهة naqāha recovery, convalescence | دار النقاهة rest center, convalescent home

ناقه nāqih a convalescent

(نقو and نقي) نقي naqiya a (نقاء naqā’, نقاوة naqāwa, nuqāwa) to be pure II to purify, cleean, cleanse (هـ s.th.); to rid of extraneous matter (هـ s.th.); to &elect, pick out, cull, sift, sort (هـ s.th.); to hand-pick (هـ s.th.) IV to purify, clean, cleanse (هـ s.th.) VIII to pick out, select (هـ s.th.)

نقاء naqā’ purity

نقاوة naqāwa, nuqāwa purity; O fineness (of a precious metal); selection, culling; elite; pick, best

نقاية nuqāya selection, elite, pick

J naqly pl. .W "iqd', .,.ill aRqiyil"

pure, clean, imm&CWate, unstained i clear,

limpid, free of dirt or .xtraneous matter

~ taRqiya cleaning, cle&lllling, purifl.

cation; sifting, BOrting

pun, play on wards; the point of a joke I

0:::.11 ~l.- quick.witted, quick at repartee

.;,15::; Rakkdt witty; humoroua, piquant;

mocker, scoffer

.Li:ll ifIJiqij' eel.ction I 0 .Li::l)ll Jo 'Jol'

(q'Ild,a) eel.ctivity (radic)

.;::... m"fIJaqa" eel.cted; eelect

ts:.; Ral:a'a a (s.!ll Rak') to scrape the scab

(. off a wound)

..,.s:.; Ral:aba " (Ra.l:l>, Ral:ab) to make un·

happy, miserabl., aftlict, distress (. s.a.;

of fate); to drop (. s.th.); to put (. s.a.)

out of favor; - (y~ ""k/lb) to blow

sid.ways; to veer, shift (wind); - (Ra.l:l>,

""k/lb) to d.viate, sw.rv. (.:r from, esp.,

from a path, road, route, courae) II to

avert, divert, deBect, tum away, remove

(. s.th.) V to d.viate, swerve (. or .:r

from); to avoid, shun, eschew (A or .:r

s.th.); to refrain (.:r from), steer clear

(.:r of); to take upon one's should....

ta shoulder, take upon o.8., assume (A

s.th.) l.:r "'! ..,.s:::; to make s.o. d.viate or

swerve from

..,.s:.; Ral:b pl. y ~ "dub and ~

Rakba pl. Ral:aMt misfortune, calamity; disaster, catastrophe

منكب mankib pl. مناكب manākib2 shoulder; side, flank; highland, upland | دفع بمنكبيه الهواء (mankibaihi, hawā’) approx.: to race along, dash along

منكوب mankūb fate-stricken, afflicted with disaster; unhappy, unfortunate, ill-fated, miserable; victim (of a catastrophe)

نكت nakata u (nakt) to scratch up (هـ the ground) II to crack jokes (على about s.o.), poke fun (على at), ridicule (على s.o.)

نكتة nukta pl. نكت nukat, نكات nikāt jot, title, speck, spot; witty remark, witticism, wisecrack, joke; anecdote; pun, play on words; the point of joke | حاضر النكتة quick-witted, quick at repartee

نكات nakkāt witty; humorous, piquant; mocker, scoffer

تنكيت tankīt chaffing, legpulling; teasing, banter, raillery, mockery; joking, jesting, fun-making

منكت munakkit mocker, scoffer

نكث nakata u i (nakt) to break, violate, infringe (هـ a contract or similar legal obligation) VIII to be broken, be violated

نكث nakt breach, violation (of a contract, etc.)

ناكث nākit perfidious, faithless, false, disloyal

نكح nakaḥa u i a (نكاح nikāḥ) to marry (ها a woman), get married (ها with) III to become related by marriage (ه to s.o.) IV to give in marriage (ها ه to s.o. a girl)

نكاح nikāḥ marriage; marriage contract; matrimony, wedlock

مناكح manākiḥ2 (pl.) women

نكد nakida a (nakad) to be hard, harsh, difficult; to be unhappy, miserable; -- nakada u (nakd) to give little (ه to s.o.); to torment, pester, molest (ه s.o.) II to make life hard, difficult, miserable (ه for s.o.), embitter s.o.’s (ه ) life III to torment, harass, pester, molest (ه s.o.) V to be made miserable, be embittered (life)

نكد nakd pl. انكاد ankād misfortune; hardship, adversity; molestation, trouble, nuisance; worry, concern | نكد الطالع misfortune

نكد nakid pl. انكاد ankād, مناكيد manākīd2 hard, troublesome, laborious; unhappy; peevish, cross, bad-tempered

انكد ankad2 troublesome, painful, excruciating

مناكدة munākada pl. -āt inconvenience, discomfort, trouble, burden

منكود mankūd unhappy, unfortunate; ill-fated | منكود الحظ m. al-ḥaẓẓ pl. مناكيد الحظ manākīd al-ḥ. ill-starred, unlucky, unfortunate

نكر nakira u (nakar, nukr, نكور nukūr, نكير nakīr) not to know (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be ignorant (هـ of s.th.); to deny, disown, disavow, renege (هـ s.th.) II to disguise, mask (ه s.o.); to use in its indefinite form (هـ a noun; gram.) III to disapprove (ه of s.o.), reject (ه ه s.o.) IV to pretend not to know (ه s.o.), refuse to have anything to do (هـ, ه with s.o., with s.th.); to refuse to acknowledge, disown, disavow, disclaim, deny (هـ s.th.); to renounce, renege (هـ s.th.); to refuse, deny (على هـ s.th. to s.o.), dispute, contest (على هـ s.th. of s.o.); to reject (على هـ s.th. with regard to s.o.), disapprove (على هـ of s.th. with regard to s.o.); to censure, blame, rebuke (على ه s.o. for), criticize (من هـ s.th. in s.o.); to hold s.th. (هـ ) against s.o. (على ), reproach (هـ على s.o. for) | انكر ذاته (dātahū) to deny o.s. ; انكر نفسه (nafsahū) to harbor self-doubts; انكرت اني اراه I pretended not to see him V to be in disguise, be disguised, disguise o.s.; to change for the worse, change beyond recognition; to become estranged, be alienated (ل from s.th.); to .nub (ل s.o.), treat (ل s.o.) with hostility, deal ungraciously (ل with s.o.); to deny o.s. (ل , e.g., a feeling), shut out from one’s heart (ل s.th.) VI to have no knowledge, be ignorant (هـ of s.th.); to pretend not to know (هـ s.th.), feign ignorance, make as if one doesn’t know; to refuse to have anything to do (ه with), snub, cut, ignore, pretend not to know (ه s.o.) X not to know (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), have no knowledge, be ignorant (هـ of s.th.); to disapprove (هـ of s.th.), reject (هـ s.th,); to detect, loathe (هـ s.th.)

نكر nukr denial, disavowal

نكر nakir unknown, little known

نكرة nakira indefinite noun (gram.); unknown person

نكران nukrān denial | لا نكران lā nukrāna it is incontestable; نكران الجميل ingratitude; نكران الذات self-denial

نكير nakīr denial, disavowal; disapproval, rejection; negation; reprehensible, repugnant, disgusting, vile, revolting, loathsome, abominable, atrocious; one of the Angels of Death (see منكر) | شد عليه النكير (šadda) to reproach s.o. severely

انكر ankar2, f. نكراء nakrā’ reprehensible, abominable, disgusting, vile, revolting, loathsome | ابتسامة نكراء vicious smile

انكار inkār denial, disavowal, negation, contestation; refusal, rejection, non-acceptance | انكار الذات self-denial, selflessness, unselfishness; انكار لجميله (li-jamīlihī) ingratitude toward s.o.

انكاري inkārī denying, disaffirmative; negative

تنكر tanakkur disguise, masquerade | محفل التنكر maḥfil at-t. fancy-dress party, costume ball

تنكري tanakkurī: حفل تنكري (ḥafl) masked ball, costume ball

استنكار istinkār disapproval; horror, aversion, loathing

ناكر nākir denying, disavowing; unfriendly, hostile, forbidding | ناكر الجميل ungrateful

منكر munakkar indeterminate; indefinite (gram.)

منكر munkar denied; not recognized, unacknowledged, disowned, disavowed, disclaimed; disagreeable, shocking, detestable, abominable; abomination, atrocity; pl. منكرات objectionable, forbidden, or reprehensible, actions | منكر ونكير the two angels who examine the dead in their graves as to their faith

متنكر mutanakkir disguised, in disguise; incognito | رقص متنكر (raqṣ) masked ball, costume ball

مستنكر mustankar objectionable, reprehensible; odd, strange

نكز nakaza u (nakz) to prick; to goad, egg on (ه s.o.)

نكس nakasa u (naks) to turn around, turn over, invert, reverse, turn upside down

(هـ s.th.); to lower, withdraw, retract,

pull in (هـ s.th.); to bow, bend, tilt (رأسه ra’sahū or برأسه one’s head); to cause a relapse (هـ of an illness); pass. nukisa, to suffer a relapse II = I; to hang at half-mast (هـ a flag) VIII to be turned over, be inverted, be reversed; to sink, drop forward (head); to relapse, suffer a relapse

نكس nuks and نكسة naksa relapse; degeneration, degeneracy; decadence

تنكس tanakkus degeneration (biol.)

انتكاس intikās relapse

منكوس mankūs inverted, reversed; relapsing, suffering a relapse

منكس munakkas inverted, reversed | منكس الرأس m. ar-ra’s with bowed head

منتكس muntakis relapsing, suffering a relapse

نكش nakaša i a (nakš) to clear out, dredge, clean (هـ s.th., esp., a well); to stir up, rout up, turn up, hoe up, rake up, dig up, break (هـ the ground); to rummage, ransack, search (هـ s.th.); to disorder, ruffle, tousle, dishevel (هـ s.th.); to shake (هـ trees)

منكش minkaš pl. مناكش manākiš hoe, mattock; rake

منكاش minkāš pl. مناكيش manākīš2 O dredger; poker, fire iron; (eg.) pickax

نكص nakaṣa i u (nakṣ, نكوص nukūṣ, منكص mankaṣ) to withdraw, turn away (عن from); to recoil, shrink (عن from) | نكص على عقبيه (‘aqibaihi) to retreat, climb down, give up one’s intention II to cause (ه s.o.) to retreat VIII to fall back, recoil, retreat

نكف nakafa u (nakf) to stop, arrest (هـ s.th.); to disdain, scorn, spurn (عن s.th.); to

reject (عن s.th.) | لا ينكف (yunkafu) irresistible, resistles8; immeasurable, unfathomable III to vex, annoy, trouble, pester, harass, torment (ه s.o., هـ with) X to be proud, haughty; to disdain, scorn, spurn, reject (عن or من s.th.), look down upon (عن or من ), have an aversion (عن or من to), loathe, detest (عن or من s.th., also هـ ); to refrain (ان from doing s.th.)

نكفة nakafa parotid gland

نكفي nakafī parotid (adj.) | التهاب الغدة النكفية (gudda) inflammation of the parotid gland, parotitis, mumps (med.)

نكاف nukāf O parotitis, mumps (med.)

1 نكل nakala i u (نكول nukūl) and nakila a (nakal) to recoil, shrink (من or عن from), flinch, shirk (من or عن s.th.), desist, refrain, abstain, draw back, withdraw (من or عن from); -- nakala (نكلة nakla) and II to make an example (ب of s.o.), punish severely (ب s.o.), teach s.o. (ب ) a lesson; to maltreat, torture (ب s.o.) II and IV to repel, force back, drive back, hold off, deter (عن ه s.o. from)

نكل nikl pl. انكال ankāl, نكول nukūl fetter, shackle, chain; bit (of a bridle)

نكال nakāl exemplary punishment, warning example, warning

نكول nukūl refusal to testify in court (Isl. Law)

تنكيل tankīl exemplary punishment; forcing back, driving back. containment; maltreatment, torture

2 نكل nikl nickel

نكه nakaha i u (nakh) to blow, breathe (على or ل in s.o.’s face)

نكهة nakha smell of the breath; fragrance, smell, scent, aroma

نكى nakā i (نكاية nihāya) to cause damage, to harm; to hurt, injure (في or ه s.o.); to vex, annoy, offend (ب s.o.)

نكاية nikāya wrong, harm, damage, prejudice; vexation, annoyance, grievance, offense, outrage, chicanery | نكاية فيه nikāyatan fīhi in defiance of him, to spite him; اغلظ فيه النكاية (aglaẓa, nikāya) to beset s.o. grievously, ride roughshod over s.o.

انكى ankā worse; causing more damage, more harmful, hurting or offending more grievously

1 نم namma u i (namm) to betray, reveal, disclose, bespeak, indicate, show (على or عن s.th.); to give evidence (عن of s.th.); to report in a libelous manner (على هـ s.th. about s.o.), sow dissension (بين among or between)

نم namm slander, calumniation, calumny; (pl. -ūn, انماء animmā’2) talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer, calumniator

نمة nimma louse

نمام nammām (eg.) a variety of mint (Mentha sativa L.; bot.)

نمام nammām slanderer, calumniator

نميمة namīma pl. نمائم namā’im2 slander, defamation, calumny

نامة nāmma stir, bustle, life

2 نمي nummī pl. -āt coin | علم النميات ‘ilm an-n. numismatics

نموذج look up alphabetically

1 نمر V to become angry, furious (ل with s.o.), turn into a tiger; to bluster, swagger

نمر namir pl. نمر numur, انمار anmār leopard; tiger

نمر namir clean, pure, healthy, wholesome (esp., water)

نمرة namira leopardess; tigress

نمرة numra pl. نمر numar speck, spot

انمر anmar2, f. نمراء namrā’2, pl. نمر numr spotted, striped, brindled

منمر munammar spotted, striped, brindled

2 نمر II to mark with numbers, to number, provide with a number (هـ s.th.)

نمرة numra, nimra pl. نمر numar, nimar number, numero; figure | نمرة واحد nimrat w. first-class, first-rate, A-1, excellent

نمارة nammāra pl. -āt numberer, numbering machine, date stamp

تنمير tanmīr numbering, numeration, count

منمر munammar numbered, counted

نمرسي numrusī pl. نمارسة namārisa (eg.) chinaware dealer

نمرق numruq and نمرقة numruqa pl. نمارق namāriq2 cushion, pad; pillow; panel, saddle pad

نمس namasa i (nams) to keep secret, hide, conceal (هـ s.th.); to confide a secret (ه to s.o.), confide in s.o. (ه ), let (ه s.o.) in on a secret, make (ه s.o.) one’s confidant III to confide a secret (ه to s.o.)

نمس nims (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نموس numūs ichneumon, mongoose; ferret, marten, weasel

ناموس nāmūs pl. نواميس nawāmīs2 sly, cunning, wily; confidant; (coll.; n. un. ة ) mosquito(es); see also alphabetically | الناموس الأكبر the Archangel Gabriel

ناموسية nāmūsīya mosquito net

نمسا nimsā, النمسا an-nimsā Austria

نمساوي nimsāwī Austrian (adj. and n.)

نمش namiša a (namaš) to be freckled, have freckles

نمش namaš (cols.; n. un. ة ) freckles; discolored spots on the skin

نمش namiš freckled

انمش anmaš2, f. نمشاء namšā’2, pl. نمش numš freckled

نمط namaṭ pl. نماط nimāṭ, انماط anmāṭ way, manner, mode, fashion; form, shape; sort, kind | على نمط in the manner of; على هذا النمط in this manner, this way, after this fashion; حديث النمط new-fashioned, modem; عتيق النمط old-fashioned, outmoded; هم على نمط واحد they are of the same stamp, they are all alike

نمطي namaṭ formal, rigid, stiff

نمق II to embellish, decorate, ornament, adorn (هـ s.th.); to write in an elegant, lofty style (هـ s.th.); to compose (هـ a text)

تنميق tanmīq ornamentation, embellishment; glorification, exaltation, ago grandizement; elaborate embellishment (with figures of speech); composition (of a text, in elegant style)

منمق munammaq adorned, embellished; elegant, in good style, ornate, flowery (text, language)

نمل namila a (namal) to tingle, prickle, be numb, be benumbed (a limb)

نمل naml (cols.; n. un. ة ) pl. نمال nimāl ant

نمل namlī antlike; ant- (in compounds); formic

نملية namlīya meat safe, food safe

نمل namal itching, tickling sensation; tingle, prickle, pricking sensation

نمل namil creeping, crawling; teeming with ants; nimble, deft

نمل anmula pl. انامل anāmil2 fingertip

تنميل tanmīl itching, tickling sensation; tingle, prickle, pricking sensation

منمول manmūl teeming with ants

نمنم namnama to stripe, streak (هـ s.th.); to adorn, embellish, ornament (هـ s.th.)

نمنم nimnim streaks or ripples in the sand (caused by the wind)

نمنمة namnama, nimnima wren (zoo.)

O منمنمة munamnama miniature

نما ( (نمو ) namā u (نمو numuw) to grow; to increase; to rise

نمو numuw growth; progress

نموذج namūdaj, numūdaj pl. -āt and نماذج namādij2 model; type; pattern; sample, specimen; exemplar, example; blank, form

نموذجي namūdajī exemplary, model

نمى namā i (namy, نماء namā, نمية namīya) to grow; to increase, augment, multiply; to rise; to progress, make progress, advance; to thrive, prosper, flourish; to be ascribed, be attributed (الى to s.o.); to ascribe, attribute (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to be told, be reported (الى to s.o.; of an event), reach (الى s.o.; news), come to s.o.’s knowledge II and IV to make grow, increase, augment, promote, further, advance (هـ s.th,)VIII to trace one’s origin (الى to s.o.), descend, be descended (الى from), be related (الى to); to be affiliated, be associated, have connections (الى with); to depend, be dependent (الى on); to belong (الى to, esp., to an organization), be a member (الى of an organization)

نماء namā’ growth, expansion, increase, augmentation, increment, accretion

نمي namīy growth, expansion, increase, augmentation, increment, accretion

نماة namāh pl. نمى small louse

تنمية tanmiya expansion, promotion, furtherance, advancement; increase, augmentation; raising, stepping up, intensification, boost

انماء inmā’ expansion, promotion, furtherance, advancement, increase, augmentation; raising, stepping up, intensification, boost; cultivation, breeding (of plants)

انتماء intimā’ membership

نامية nāmiya pl. نوام nawāmin growth; morbid growth, morbid formation, excrescence, tumor (med.) | النوامي السرطانية (saraṭānīya) cancerous formations (med.)

منتم muntamin belonging, pertaining

منتمى muntaman descent, origin, relationship, affiliation. membership

نهب nahaba a u and nahiba a (nahb) to plunder, rifle, take by force (هـ s.th.) | نهب nahaba l-arḍa and نهب الطريق (ṭarīqa) to cover the distance (الى to) quickly or at tremendous speed IV to let (ه s.o.) rifle (هـ s.th.); to leave, surrender as booty (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) VI to grip, seize (هـ the soul, the heart) | تناهب الأرض عدوا (arḍa ‘adwan) to race along at a tearing pace VIII to grip, seize (هـ the soul, the heart); to rifle, snatch away (هـ s.th.); to take in eagerly, devour (هـ s.th.; said of the eyes) | انتهب الطريق (ṭarīqa) to cover the distance (الى to) quickly or at tremendous speed

نهب nahb robbery, plundering, pillage, looting, spoliation; gallop; (pl. نهاب nihāb) plunder, spoils, booty, loot; نهبا nahban by robbery

نهبة nuhba booty, plunder, spoils, loot

نهبى nuhbā booty, plunder, spoils, loot

نهاب nahhāb robber; plunderer, marauder, looter

نهبرة nahbura abyss; hell

نهج nahaja a (nahj) to proceed, act; to enter (هـ upon a road), take (هـ a route or course), follow, pursue (هـ a way, a road); to make clear, clarify (هـ s.th.); to be open, plain, distinct; -- nahaja i and nahija a (nahaj) to be out of breath, gasp for breath, pant | نهج خطة (kiṭṭatan) to pursue a plan; to assume an attitude; نهج على منواله (minwālihī) to follow s.o.’s example II to put out of breath, make breathless, cause to pant (ه s.o.) IV do.; to be clear (matter, affair); to make clear, clarify, explain (هـ s.th.) VIII to enter (هـ upon a road), take (هـ a route or course), follow, pursue (هـ a way, a road) | انهج سبيله (sabīlahū) and X استنهج سبيله to follow s.o.’s example, follow s.o.’s footsteps, imitate s.o.

نهج nahj pl. نهوج nuhūj open way; road; method, procedure, manner | نهج نهجه (nahjahū) to follow s.o.’s method; النهج القويم the straight path, the right way, the proper manner

نهج nahaj quick breathing, panting; breathlessness

نهيج nahīj quick breathing, panting; breathlessness

ناهج nāhij open, plain road

منهج manhaj, minhaj pl. مناهج manāhij2 open, plain, easy road; manner, procedure, method; program; course | منهج التعليم curriculum; مناهج البحث m. al-baht methodology of research, research methods

منهاج minhāj pl. مناهيج manāhīj way, road; method; program

نهد nahada a u (نهود nuhūd) to become round and full, swell (breasts); to be buxom, have round, swelling breasts V to sigh VI to share the expenses; to distribute among each other in equal shares (هـ s.th.)

نهد nahd pl. نهود nuhūd female breast, bosom; elevation, rise, hump, bump

تنهد tanahhud pl. -āt sigh

ناهد nāhid full, round, swelling (breast); in the bloom of youth; buxom

نهر nahara a (nahr) to flow copiously, stream forth, gush forth; to chide, scold, reproach (ه s.o.); to turn away with angry words, brush off, rebuff, reject, repulse, drive away, chase away (ه s.o.) VIII to chide, scold (ه s.o.); to drive away, chase away (ه s.o.)

نهر nahr pl. انهر anhur, انهار anhār, نهور nuhūr, stream, river; -- (pl. anhur and anhār) column (of a newspaper) | ما بين النهرين (nahrain) Mesopotamia; ما وراء النهر Transoxiana; نهر اردن Eridanus (astron.); n. urdunn the Jordan river; نهر السلام n. as-salām the Tigris; نهر الشريعة the Jordan river

نهري nahrī river- (in compounds), riverine, fluvial, fluviatile

نهار nahār pl. انهر anhur, نهر nuhur daytime, day (from dawn to dusk, as distinguished from يوم yaum = day of 24 hours) | نهارا وليلا nahāran wa-lailan by day and by night; ليل نهار laila nahāra day and night; نهار انهر (anhar) a wonderful day

نهاري nahārī relating to day or daytime, diurnal; نهاريات news of the day, miscellany (heading of a newspaper column)

انهر anhar2 see nahr

نهير nahīr copious, ample, abundant, plentiful, much

نهير nuhair pl. -āt little river, creek, brook; a tributary, an affluent

انتهار intihār rebuke, scolding, reprimand, reproof; rejection, rebuff, repulse, repulsion

نهز nahaza a (nahz) to push, thrust, shove (ه s.o.); to drive, urge on (ه s.o.); to repulse, hold off, ward off (ه s.o.) III to be near s.th. (هـ , esp., fig.), approach, attain, reach (هـ s.th.); to seize (هـ s.th.) | ناهز البلوغ to attain (the age of) majority; ناهز الخمسين he was close to fifty, he was pushing fifty VIII انتهز الفرصة (al-furṣata) to seize or take the opportunity, take advantage or avail o.s. of the opportunity; انتهز هـ فرصة ل (furṣatan) to use s.th. as an opportunity for

نهزة nuhza opportunity, occasion

نهاز nahhāz: نهاز الفرص n. al-furaṣ quick to seize an opportunity, an opportunist

انتهاز intihāz: انتهاز الفرص int. al-furaṣ exploitation of opportunities, opportunism

انتهاز intihāzī timeserver, opportunist

انتهازية intihāzīya opportunism

نهش nahaša i (nahš) to bite, snap, grab with the teeth (هـ s.th.); to tear to pieces, mangle (.s.o.)

نهاش nahhāš snappish, biting, mordacious, sharp

نهض nahaḍa a (nahḍ, نهوض nuhūḍ) to rise, get up (عن from a seat, from bed); to take off, start (airplane); to pounce (الى on s.o., on s.th.); to raise, lift, hoist, heave, carry (ب s.o., s.th.); to carry on, practice, pursue, attack resolutely, tackle. handle, take in one’s hands, further, promote, encourage (ب s.th.), give a boost, give impetus (ب to s.th.), bring new life (ب into s.th.), bring about an upswing (ب of s.th.); to stand up (ب for), take up the cause of (ب ), espouse, support, endorse, champion (ب s.th.); to rise, revolt, rebel (على against s.o.); to get ready, prepare (ل for a piece of work, a task, or the like), begin, start, undertake (ل s.th.), enter, embark (ل upon); to be apposite, pertinent, apropos (argument) | نهض قائما (qā’iman) he got on his feet, he got up; نهض بالأمر (bi-l-amr) to assume power, take the command; نهضت الحجة ب (ḥujja) proof bee been established for …; نهض بالخسائر والضحايا (ḍaḥāyā) to take losses and sacrifices readily upon o.s. III to offer resistance (ه to), resist, oppose, defy (s.o.); to argue, dispute (ه with s.o.) IV to tell (ه s.o.) to rise, lift up, raise, help up (ه s.o.), awaken, (a)rouse, stir up, animate, inspire, stimulate, excite, incite (ه s.o.) VI to get up, stand up, rise, draw o.s. up VIII do. X to awaken, (a)rouse, stimulate, animate, encourage, incite, instigate, egg on (ه s.o., الى to)

نهض nahḍ awakening, rise, growth, boom, upswing, advancement, progress

نهضة nahḍa pl. -āt getting up, rising; awakening (esp., national), rise, growth, boom, upswing, advancement, progress; resurgence, revival, rebirth, renaissance; (spiritual) movement; ability, capability, power | عيد النهضة ‘īd an-n. Day of National Awakening (of Iraq, celebrated on the9th of Shaban)

نهوض nuhūḍ raising, boosting, revival, restoration, promotion, advancement, furtherance, encouragement, activation (ب of s.th.)

مناهضة munāhaḍa resistance, opposition

انهاض inhāḍ awakening, arousing, stimulation, animation; promotion,. advancement, encouragement, initiation of an upswing, of a boom

استننهاض istinhāḍ awakening, arousing, stimulation, animation; promotion, advancement, encouragement, initiation of an upswing, of a boom

ناهض nāhiḍ rising, getting up; active, diligent, energetic | دليل ناهض conclusive proof, cogent evidence

نهق nahaqa, nahiqa a (nahq, نهاق nuhāq, نهيق nahīq) to bray (donkey)

نهك nahaka a (نهاكة nahāka) to wear off, wear out, use up, consume (هـ s.th.); to grind down, crush (هـ s.th.); -- (nahk) and nahika a (nahk, نهكة nahka) to exhaust, weaken, enfeeble, debilitate, sap the strength of, wear out, wear down, enervate, unnerve, waste, emaciate (ه s.o.); nahika and pass. nuhika to be worn off, worn out, run down, used up, spent, exhausted, enervated, gaunt, emaciated | نهك عرضه (‘irḍahū) to injure s.o.’s honor IV to exhaust, wear out, enervate, ruin (ه s.o.) VIII to waste, emaciate, enervate, exhaust (ه s.o.); to violate, abuse, defile, profane, desecrate (هـ s.th.); to infringe, violate (هـ a law), offend against (هـ ); to rape, ravish (ها a woman); to insult, defame, malign, slander, abuse, brutalize (ه a man) | لا ينتهك yuntahaku inviolable, sacrosanct, sacred, consecrated

نهك nallk weakening, exhaustion, enervation, attrition; consumption, depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; infraction, violation; profanation, desecration; sacrilege

نهكة nahka exhaustion; emaciation, wasting away

انهاك inhāk exhaustion

انتهاك intihāk weakening, exhaustion, enervation, attrition; consumption, depletion, exhaustion; abuse, misuse; infraction, violation; profanation, desecration; sacrilege; rape | انتهاك الحرمة int. al-ḥurma sacrilege: انتهاك العورة int. al-‘aura offense involving moral turpitude

منهك munhik grueling, exhausting

نهل nahila a (nahal, منهل manhal) to drink

نهلة nahla pl. nahalāt drink, draught, gulp, swallow

منهل manhal pl. منهل manāhil watering place, spring, pool

نهم nahima a (naham, نهامة nahāma) to have a ravenous appetite, be insatiable; to be greedy, covetous (في of)

نهم naham, ravenous appetite, voracity; greed, greediness, avidity

نهمة nahma burning desire, craving, greed, avidity

نهيم nahim greedy, avid; insatiable, voracious; glutton, gourmand

نهيم nahīm greedy, avid; insatiable, voracious; glutton, gourmand

منهوم manhūm greedy, avid; insatiable; covetous, desirous (ب of s.th.)

نهنه nahnaha to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (عن s.o. from); to sob

نهو ) and نها (نهي nahā u (nahw) and نهى nahā a (nahy) to forbid (عن s.o. s.th., to do s.th.), prohibit, ban (عن s.o. from doing s.th.), interdict, proscribe (عن ه to s.o. s.th.); to restrain, hold back, keep, prevent (عن s.o. from); pass. نهي nuhiya to come, get (الى to s.o.; of news), reach (الى s.o.), come to s.o.’s knowledge IV to get (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), make s.th. (هـ ) reach s.o. (الى ); to communicate, transmit, make known (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), bring (هـ s.th.) to s.o.’s (الى ) knowledge, inform, apprise (هـ الى s.o. of s.th.); to bring to an end, terminate, finish, end, wind up, conclude, complete (هـ s.th.); to put an end to s.th. (هـ ), settle, decide (هـ s.th.) VI to come to an end, run out, expire (period of time); to attain a high degree; to come, get (الى to s.o.), reach (الى s.o.); to desist, refrain, abstain (عن from), give up, renounce, forgo, abandon (عن s.th.), cease, stop (عن doing s.th.) | تناهى الى اسماعهم (asmā‘ihim) to come to s.o.’s hearing, to s.o.‘s knowledge VIII to be concluded, terminated, finished, done with, settled, decided, be over; to run out, expire, come to an end (appointed time); to end, end up, wind up (ب by, in or with); to finish, terminate, conclude, wind up (عن s.th.), be or become finished, done, be through (ب with s.th.); to wind up, land eventually (الى at), get ultimately (الى to); (with الى ان ) to come or lead to the point where ..., end at the point where, get eventually so that ..., result in; to come to s.o.’s (الى ) knowledge; to lead, lead up, bring (الى ب s.o. to); to desist, refrain, abstain (عن from s.th.), give up, renounce, forgo, abandon (عن s.th.), cease, stop (عن doing s.th.) | انتهى الأمر الى ان the upshot was that, the long and short of it was that …; انتهى به الأمر الى ان he got to the point where ...

نهي nahy prohibition, ban, interdiction, proscription | النهي والأمر (amr) unlimited, absolute authority, dictatorial power, command

نهيي nahyī prohibitory, prohibitive, prohibitionary

نهى nuhan intelligence, understanding, reason, mind, intellect

نهية nuhya mind, intellect

نهاء nihā’ utmost degree, limit

نهاية nihāya pl. -āt end; termination, conclusion; outcome, result, upshot; the utmost; limit, utmost degree, extreme, extremity; nihāyatan in the end, at last, finally, ultimately, eventually | في النهاية in the end, at last, finally, ultimately, eventually; الى النهاية to the end; بلا نهاية (bi-lā) unending(ly); الى غير نهاية or الى ما لا نهاية له (1 ā nihāyata) unendingly, to infinity, ad infinitum; للنهاية to the greatest extent, extremely; نهاية الأرب n. al-arab the ultimate goal; النهاية الصغرى (ṣugrā) minimum; النهاية الكبرى (العظمى ) (kubrā, ‘uẓmā) maximum; النهاية العليا (‘ulyā) the best grade, the highest rating (in a system of school marks); اعلى درجة في النهاية الكبرى (a‘lā darajatin) absolute maximum (of temperature); اعلى درجة في النهاية اصغرى (aqṣā d.) absolute minimum; حد النهاية ḥadd an-n. utmost limit, last step; كان نهاية في الحذق (nihāyatan, ḥidq) to be the ne plus ultra of skill, be extremely skillful

نهائي nihā’ī extreme, utmost, last, final; ultimate, eventual; final, decisive, conclusive, definitive; نهائيا at last, finally | انذار نهائي (indār) or بلاغ نهائي (balāg) ultimatum; حكم نهائي (ḥukm) final decision, final judgment (jur.); علاج نهائي extreme remedy, last resource; فوز ي (fauz) ultimate triumph, eventual success; مباران نهائي a final match, final (in sports)

لا نهائي lā-nihā’ī infinite, unending

لانهائية lā-nihā’īya infinity

انهاء inhā’ finishing, termination, completion, conclusion; settlement; suspension, stop

تناه tanāhin finity, finitude, limitedness; expiration (of a period of time)

انتهاء intihā’ end, termination, completion, conclusion, close; expiration | انتهاء الأجل int. al-ajal end of life, death

ناه nāhin interdictory, prohibitory, prohibitive | هذا رجل ناهيك من رجل (rajulun nāhīka) here is a man to fill any man’s shoes; ناهيك من (also عن or ب ) how excellent is! how remarkable is …! suffice it to …! let it be enough to …! to say nothing of ..., not to mention …, let alone ...; above all, in the first place, primarily; take, for instance, ...! ناهيك ب it is enough to mention …; ناهيك بأن (bi-an) let it be enough to …; let it suffice you to know that ...; not to mention the fact that ...; to say nothing of the fact that ...; aside from the fact that ...

ناهية nāhiya pl. نواه nawāhin ban, prohibition, proscription

منهي manhīy forbidden, prohibited, interdicted, illicit

متناه matanāhin finished, terminated, expired; limited, bounded, finite; utmost, extreme; excessive, exaggerated | غير متناه unlimited, boundless, infinite, unending, endless; متناه في الدقة (diqqa) extremely thin, of the greatest fineness; متناه في الصغر (ṣigari) extremely tiny, minute

منته muntahin ceasing, running out; finished, done; expired (validity)

منتهى muntahan finished, terminated; end; the utmost, extreme; highest degree, utmost limit | بمنتهى الشدة bi-m. š-šidda with extreme force; في منتهى الدقة (m. d-diqqa) extremely thin; بلغ منتهاه to reach its highest degree

ناء (نوء ) nā’a u (nau’) to fall down, sink down, break down, collapse, succumb (ب under a burden); to weigh heavily (ب upon s.o.) | ناء بالحمل (ḥaml) to bear a burden with difficulty; to be weighed down by a burden; ناء بكلكله (bi-kalkalihī) to oppress s.o. grievously, weigh heavily upon s.o. III to offer resistance (ه to s.o.), resist, oppose, withstand, defy (ه s.o.); to vie, compete (ه with s.o.); to fight, struggle, contend (ه with s.o.) | ناوأه العداء (‘adā’a) to be hostile to s.o., treat s.o. with hostility IV to weigh down, crush (ه s.o.)

نوء nau’ pl. انواء anwā’, نوآن nau’ān, tempest, storm; gale, hurricane

مناوأة munāwa’a resistance, opposition, recalcitrance, insubordination; struggle, contention, strife

2 ناب (نوب ) nāba u (naub, مناب manāb, نيابة niyāba) to represent (عن s.o.), act as representative (عن of s.o.), deputize, substitute (عن for s.o.), act as deputy, substitute, or proxy (عن of s.o.), take s.o.’s (عن ) place, replace (عن s.o.), perform s.o.’s (عن ) office, act in s.o.’s (عن ) behalf; to return from time to time (الى to s.o.), visit periodically (الى s.o.), frequent (الى s.o.’s place); -- (naub, نوبة nauba) to afflict, hit, strike, befall (ه s.o.; of misfortune), happen, occur (ه to s.o.), fall to s.o.’s (ه ) lot or share, descend (ه upon s.o.) II to appoint (ه s.o.) as deputy or agent (عن of), commission, depute, or delegate (ه s.o.) to act in behalf of (عن ) III to take turns, alternate (ه with s.o.) IV to depute, deputize (ه s.o.), commission or delegate (ه s.o.) to act in behalf of (عن ), in s.o.’s (عن ) place; to empower, authorize (ه s.o.) to act in behalf of (عن ); to come from time to time (الى to s.o.), visit frequently (الى s.o.), frequent (الى s.o.’s place) | اناب الى لله to turn repentantly to God VI to take turns, alternate (في or على in, also هـ in some activity), do s.th. (في or على , also هـ ) by turns; to visit, befall or afflict (ه s.o.) successively or alternately | تناوبته الخطوب he has suffered one misfortune after the other VIII to befall, beset, afflict (ه s.o.), happen, occur (ه to s.o.)

نوبة nauba pl. نوب nuwab change, alternation, shift, rotation; (one’s) turn; time, instance (= مرة marra); case, instance, occasion; -- (pl. -āt) fit, attack, paroxysm (path.); crisis; change (or relief) of the guard, guard duty, guard; bugle call; (syr.) troupe of musicians, small orchestra of native instruments | بالنوبة alternately, in rotation, by turns, successively, one by one, one alter the other; نوبة عصبية (‘aṣabīya) nervous crisis; نوبات غضبه n. gaḍabihī his fits of rage; نوبة قلبية (qalbīya) heart attack; نوبات المطر n. al-maṭar rainy spells, periods of rain; جاءت نوبته it was his turn

نوبتجي naubatjī on duty; commander of the guard, officer on duty

نوبة nauba pl. نوب nuwab misfortune, calamity, mishap, misadventure, accident, reverse, heavy blow

نيابة niyāba representation, replacement, substitution, proxy, deputyship; branch office, branch, agency; delegation; prosecution, office of the district attorney | نيابة عن niyābatan ‘an in place of, instead of, in lieu of; بالنيابة acting, deputy, by proxy; مدير المصلحة بالنيابة (mudīr al-maṣlaḥa) the deputy director of the department; بالنيابة عن in the name of, in behalf of; نيابة عمومية (‘umūmīya) prosecution, office of the district attorney; رئيس النيابة chief prosecutor; وكيل النيابة representative of the prosecution, prosecuting attorney; النيابات المالية (mālīya) the financial delegations (in Algeria)

نيابي niyābī vicarious, deputed, delegated; representative; parliamentary | حكومة نيابية representative (parliamentary) government; مجلس نيابي (majlis) parliament

مناب manāb replacement, substitution, proxy, deputyship; substitute; office performed by proxy, place taken as deputy; share, portion, allotment | ناب منابه to represent s.o., substitute for s.o., act in s.o.’s behalf

مناوبة munāwaba alternation, rotation; munāwabatan alternately, in rotation, by turns, successively, one by one, one after the other | بالمناوبة do.; مناوبة الري m. ar-rīy (Eg.) periodic rotation in irrigation انابة ināba authorization; deputation, delegation, appointment as authorized agent or deputy | انابات قضائية (qaḍā’īya) requests for legal assistance (from court to court)

تناوب tanāwub alternation, rotation, periodic change; O alternation (el.) | بالتناوب successively, one after the other, one by one, by turns, alternately, in rotation

نائب nā’ib pl. نواب nuwwāb representative, agent, proxy, substitute, alternate; delegate; deputy; (with foll. genit.) vice-; authorized agent; sergeant (formerly, Syr.; mil.); authorized representative of a cadi, assistant magistrate (Isl. Law), also نائب شرعي (šar‘ī) | نائب الرئيس vice-president; vice-chairman; نائب عام (‘āmm) or نائب عمومي (‘umūmī) public prosecutor; نائب العريف corporal (Ir.); نائب القنصل n. al-qunṣul vice-consul; نائب الملك n. al-malik viceroy; نائب مالي (mālī) financial delegate (Alg.); مجلس النواب majlis an-n. house of representatives, parliament

نائب nā’ib share, portion; allotment; contingent, quota; distributive share in estate, statutory portion

نائبة nā’iba pl. -āt, نوائب nawā’ib2 vicissitudes, ups and downs (of luck, of a battle, etc.); heavy blow, disaster, calamity, misfortune

منوب munawwib mandator (jur.); constituent, voter

منوب munawwab: ضابط منوب officer on duty, commander of the guard

مناوب munāwib on duty (esp. officer)

منيب munīb repentant

متناوب mutanāwib alternating, alternate, rotating, successive | تيار متناوب (ṭayyār) alternating current (el.)

2 بلاد النوبة bilād an-nūba Nubia

نوبي nūbī Nubian (adj. and n.)

1 نات ( (نوت ) (naut) to away, real, totter, stagger

2 نوت nōt and نوتة nōta notes (mus.), also نوت الموسيقى n. al-mūsīqā

نوتة nōta note, remark

3 نوتي nūtī pl. نواتي nawātīy, نوتية nūtīya seaman, mariner, sailor; skipper | نوتي اول seaman apprentice, نوتي ممتاز (mumtāz) seaman (mil.; Eg. 1939); نواتي السفينة ship’s crew

1 نوح nūḥ Noah

2 ناح (نوح ) nāḥa u (nauḥ, نواح nuwāḥ, نياح niyāḥ, نياحة niyāḥa, مناح manāḥ) to wail, weep, lament; to mourn, bemoan, bewail (على s.o.); to coo (pigeon) ill to be opposite s.th. (هـ ), lie face to face (هـ with), face (هـ s.th.) V to awing; to pendulate, dangle; to sway VI to howl, whine (wind)

نوح nauḥ and نواح nuwāḥ loud loud weeping, wailing, lamentation (for the dead)

نواح nawwāḥ mourner

نواحة nawwāḥa hired female mourner

نائحة nā’iḥa pl. نوائح nawā’iḥ2, نائحات nā’iḥa hired female mourner

مناحة manāḥa lamentation, wailing, mourning

نوخ II to halt for a rest; to take up residence IV to make (هـ a camel) kneel down; to stay, remain (ب at a place) | اناخ عليه البؤس بكلكله (bu’su bi-kalkalihī) to be in great distress, be in a gray, plight X to kneel down

مناخ manāk pl. -āt halting place, way station; residence, abode; -- munāk, manāk climate

مناخي munākī, manākī climatic

ناد ( (نود ) nāda u (naud, نواد nuwād, نودان nawadān) and V to away; to awing back and forth; to pendulate

1 نور II to flower, blossom, be in bloom; to put forth or bear (هـ blossoms); to light, illuminate, fill with light, furnish with lights (ل or ه s.th.); to shed light (ل or ه on s.th.); to enlighten (ل or ه s.o.); to light (هـ a lamp) IV انار anāra to light, illuminate, fill with light, furnish with lights (هـ s.th.); to throw light (هـ on a problem), elucidate, explain, clarify (هـ a problem); انور anwara to come to light, show, appear, be uncovered, be disclosed, be revealed V to be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to receive enlightenment, be enlightened X to seek enlightenment, insight, or an explanation; to receive light, be lighted, be lit, be illuminated; to obtain enlightenment, gain insight, get an explanation, receive information

نار nār f., pl. نيران nīrān fire; rifle fire, gunfire; conflagration; النار Hell | جبل النار jabal an-n. volcano; شريط النار slow match, fuse; شيخ النار šaik an-n. the Devil; اشهر من نار على علم (‘alam) very famous; كان على نار to be on pins and needles; نيران حامية (ḥāmiya) heavy fire, drumfire (mil.)

ناري nārī fiery, igneous, fire- (in compounds); burning, blazing, red-hot | آلة نارية (in popular usage) motor, any motor-driven device; دراجة نارية (darrāja) motorcycle; سلاح ناري firearm; شهم ناري (sahm) rocket; طلق ناري (ṭalaq) shot (from a firesrm), rifleshot, gunshot; العاب نارية fireworks; مقذوف ناري projectile (of a firearm), bullet, shell

نور naur (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اانوار anwār blossom(s), flower(s)

نور nūr pl. انوار anwār light; ray of light, light beam; brightness, gleam, glow; illumination; light, lamp; O head-light (of an automobile); lantern | O نور براق (barrāq) blinker, flashing light; O نور ثابت steady light; نور الدلالة ad-dalāla leading light (naut.); نور كشاف (kaššāf) or نور كاشف searchlight (mil.); O انوار خفية (kafīya) indirect lighting; ام النور umm an-n. the Virgin Mary; سبت النور sabt an-n. Easter Saturday (Chr.); عليك نور bravo! excellent! well done! رأى النور to come into being, come into the world, be born

نوري nūrī luminary, luminous, like light; light-, lighting- (in compounds); bright, shining, brilliant, radiant

نوراني nūrānī luminous

نورانية nurānīya luminosity, brilliance

نور nawar (coll.) gypsies; vagabonds, tramps

نوري nawarī gypsy; vagabond, tramp

نورة nūra lime; depilatory agent

نير nayyir luminous; shining, brilliant; lighted, illuminated, brightly lit, full of light; clear, plain, distinct; النيران sun and moon

نوار nuwwār (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. نواوير nawāwīr2 blossom(s), flower(s)

منار manār and منارة manāra pl. مناور manāwir2, منائر manā’ir2 lighthouse; minaret

منور manwar pl. مناور manāwir2 light hole (in a wall); skylight

تنوير tanwīr flowering, blossoming, bloom, efflorescence; lighting, illumination; enlightenment; التنوير and تنوير العقول the Enlightenment

مناورة see below

انارة ināra lighting. illumination; enlightenment

نائرة nā’ira hatred, flame of war

منور munawwar lighted, illuminated; enlightened; shining, brilliant; bright | المنورة epithet of Medina

منير munīr luminous, radiant, brilliant, shining; enlightening, illuminative | جسم منير (jism) luminous body, luminary, illuminant

متنور mutanawwir lighted, illuminated

مستنير mustanīr lighted, illuminated; enlightened; educated; an educated person

2 مناورة munāwara maneuver; trick; shunting (railroad); مناورات military maneuvers | مناورات جوية (jawwīya) air maneuvers; مناورة دبلوماسية diplomatic maneuver; عامل المناورة shunter

نورج nauraj pl. نوارج nawārij2 threshing machine, thresher

نورز nauraz (coll.; n. un. ة ) sea gull(s) (zool.)

نورستانيا nūrastāniyā neurasthenia

نوروز naurūz Persian New Year’s Day

1 ناس (نوص ) nāsa u (naus, نوسان nawasān) to dangle, swing back and forth, bob

نواس nawwās dangling, bobbing, swinging; O pendulum (Syr.)

2 ناووس nāwūs, ناءوس na’ūs pl. نواويس nawāwīs2 sarcophagus

3 ناس nās people, see انس

نوسر nausara to form a fistula (ناسور )

نوش III to skirmish, engage in a skirmish (ه with s.o.); to brush (هـ against s.th.), play (هـ around or about s.th.)

نوشة nauša (eg.) typhoid fever

مناوشة munāwaša skirmish, engagement, encounter | مناوشة حربية (ḥarbīya) engagement, armed clash; pl. hostilities

مناويش munāwīš and مناويشي manāwīšī (eg.) bluish purple

نوشادر nūšādir ammonia

( نوص)ناص nāṣa u (nauṣ, مناص manāṣ, منيص manīṣ) to avoid, shirk, evade, dodge (عن s.th.), flee, draw hack (عن from) VIII to grow dim, die down (light, lamp)

نوص nauṣ wild ass, onager

مناص manāṣ and منيص manīṣ avoidance, shirking, evasion; escape, way out | لا مناص منه (manāṣa) inevitable, unavoidable

ناط (نوط ) nāṭa u (nauṭ, نياط niyāṭ) to hang, suspend (ب هـ s.th. on); to entrust (ب هـ s.th. to s.o., هـ ب s.o. with), commission (هـ ب s.o. to do s.th.), charge (هـ ب s.o. with); to make dependent, conditional (ب or على ه s.th. on); pass. نيط nīṭa to depend, be dependent, be conditional (ب on), he linked (ب to), be connected (ب with), belong (ب to); to be entrusted (ب to s.o.); to hang, be suspended (على on) II and IV = I | اناطه بشرط (bi-šarṭin) to make s.th. dependent on (or subject to) a condition, make s.th. conditional; اناطه بعهدته (bi-‘uhdatihī) to entrust s.o. with the responsibility for s.th., make s.o. responsible for s.th.

نوط nauṭ pl. انواط anwāṭ, نياط niyāṭ s.th. suspended, hanging, or attached; decoration, medal, order, badge of honor | نوط الجدارة n. al-jadāra order of merit

نيط naiṭ pl. نياط niyāṭ sorta | منظر يشق له نياط القلوب (manẓarun yušaqqu) a heart-rending light; قطع نياط القلوب to break the heart

مناط manāṭ place where s.th. is suspended; object, butt (e.g., of mockery); anchor (of hope) | مناوط الثريا m. at-turayyā or مناط الجوزاء m. al-jauzā’ the highest heavens, as high, or as far, as the Pleiades (or Gemini, respectively)

تنوط tanawwuṭ, tunawwiṭ weaverbird

منوط manūṭ dependent, conditional (ب on)

منوط munawwaṭ entrusted, commissioned (ب with), in charge of (ب )

مناط munāṭ entrusted, commissioned (ب with), in charge of (ب )

نوع II to divide into various kinds, classify (هـ s.th.); to make different, diversify, vary, variegate (هـ s.th.), give variety (هـ to); to change, alter, vary, modify, alter in its outward appearance (هـ s.th.), change the appearance (هـ of) V to be of various kinds or forms; to be manifold, diverse, varying, variegated, multiform, complex

نوع nau’ pl. انواع anwā’ kind, sort, type, species; variety; way, manner, mode, fashion; form; nature, character, quality, grade; نوعا nau’an somewhat, a little; to a certain extent, in some measure, in a certain way, so to speak, as it were | نوعا ما somehow or other, in a way, after a fashion, somewhat; نوعا وكمية (wa-kammīyatan) in nature and quantity, qualitatively and quantitatively; بنوع خاص (kāṣṣ) in particular, especially; الأول من نوعه the first of his (its) kind; ظالمون على انواعهم oppressors of all kinds, all sorts of oppressors; نوع الإنسان or النوع الإنساني the human race

نوعي nau’ī relative to the nature or type; characteristic, peculiar, proper; essential; specific | ثقل (وزن) نوعي (tiql, wazn) specific gravity

تنويع tanwī’ change, alteration, modification

تنوع tanawwu’ diversity, variety, multiplicity; change, change-over, readjustment

منوع munawwa’ different, diverse, various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold, multifarious, complex

متنوع mutanawwi’ different, diverse, various, miscellaneous, sundry, manifold, multifarious, complex; متنوعات miscellany (heading of a newspaper column)

1 نوف ) and ناف (نيف nāfa u (nauf) to be high, lofty, exalted, sublime; to exceed (عن or على s.th., esp., a number), be above (عن or على ), be more than (عن or على ), go beyond (عن or على) | ما ينوف على الحمسين more than fifty II نيف nayyafa and IV to go beyond (عن or على ), be more than (عن or على ), exceed (عن or على s.th.) | ما ينيف عن ثلاث سنوات (talāt sanawātin) more than three years, over three years

ناف nāf yoke

نوف nauf pl. انواف anwāf that which exceeds a number or measure, excess, overplus, surplus

نيف nayyif excess, overplus, surplus | نيف و or ونيف together with round figures: some ..., and some, odd, e.g., نيف وعشرون some twenty, twenty and some, twenty odd

نيافة niyāfa Excellency, Eminence (Copt.-Chr.; title of cardinals and bishops)

منيف munīf high, tall, lofty; exalted, sublime; outstanding, excellent

2 منوفي manūfī a brand of Egyptian cotton

نوفمبر nūfimbir, novembir November

نوق V تنوق tanawwaqa and تنيق tanayyaqa to be squeamish, fastidious, finical, dainty, choosy (في in) X استنوق istanwaqa: استنوق الجمل (jamala) he mistook the he-camel for a she-camel (proverbially of a mistake)

ناقة nāqa pl. نوق nūq, نياق niyāq, ناقات nāqāt she-camel | لا ناقة لي في الأمر ولا جمل (nāqata, jamala) I have no hand in this matter, I have nothing to do with it

نيق nayyiq squeamish, finical, fastidious, choosy, dainty, overnice

انواك anwāk2 foolish, silly, stupid

نال (نول ) nāla u (naul) to give, donate, present, offer, hold out, grant, award (ل ب or ه to s.o. s.th.), confer, bestow (ب ل or ه upon s.o. s.th.) II to let (ه s.o.) obtain (هـ s.th.), give, afford, bring, yield (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) III to give, hand, pass, present, offer, extend, serve, hand over, deliver (هـ ل or ه to s.o. s.th.) | ناوله القربان (qurbāna) to administer the Communion to s.o. (Chr.) VI to reach (هـ for s.th.), take (هـ s.th.); to accept (هـ s.th.; to receive, get, obtain (هـ s.th.); to take, eat (هـ food), have (هـ a meal, tea, coffee, etc.); to take s.th. (هـ ) out of (من ), derive, draw, obtain (من هـ s.th. from); to take in, grasp, comprehend (هـ the meaning of s.th.); to take up, treat, discuss (هـ a subject), deal with (هـ ); to extend (هـ to), include, encompass (هـ s.th.); to reach (ه s.o.; of a glance); to partake of the Communion, communicate (Chr.)

نول naul pl. انوال anwāl gift; way, manner, mode, fashion; loom; freightage, freight

نوال nawāl gift, s.th. received; favor, benefit; that which is proper, right, incumbent, a duty | نوالك ان تفعل كذا you must do this; ليس ذلك بنوال that’s improper, that isn’t right

منول minwal and منوال minwāl loom

منوال minwāl way, manner, mode, fashion; method, procedure; form | على هذا المنوال in this manner, this way; هم على منوال واحد they are of one stamp, they are all alike; منوالك ان تفعل كذا you must do it this way

مناولة munāwala presentation, offering, handing over, delivery; Communion (Chr.)

تناول tanāwul taking of food, eating, drinking; comprehension, grasp, receptivity; Communion (Chr.)

متناول mutanāwil reaching out, taking, seizing, grabbing; partaking of the Lord’s Supper, communicating; communicant

متناول mutanāwal attainable, available, within reach; attainableness, availability; reach, range | اعسر متناولا difficult to reach, hard to get at; تحت (في) متناول يده (m. yadihī) available, at s.o.’s disposal, within reach, handy, on hand; في متناوله attainable to s.o., within s.o.’s reach; في متناول الجميع within everybody’s means; في متناول كل الأفهام comprehensible to all, understood by all; جعل هـ في متناول to bring s.th. within s.o.’s reach, make s.th. attainable, available to s.o.

نولون naulūn and ناولون nāwulūn pl. نوالين nawālīn2 freightage, freight

نام (نوم ) nāma (1st pers. perf. nimtu) a (naum, نيام niyām) to sleep, slumber; to go to bed; to go to sleep; to abate, subside, let up, calm down, be calm (wind, sea, etc.); to be inactive, dull, listless (market); to be benumbed, be numb (limb); to neglect, omit, overlook (عن s.th.), forget (عن about s.th.), fail to think of (عن ); to be reassured (الى by s.th.), accept (الى s.th.), assent (الى to), acquiesce (الى in); to place confidence (الى in s.o.), trust (الى s.th.) | ينام ملء جفنه (mil’a jafnihī) he sleeps the sleep of the just II to lull (ه s.o.) to sleep, make (ه s.o.) sleep, put to bed (ه , esp., a child); to anesthetize, narcotize, put to sleep (ه s.o.) IV = II; VI to pretend to be asleep; to place confidence, put trust (الى in s.o.) X to let o.s. be lulled to sleep or narcotized (ل by s.th.); to accede (ل to s.th.), comply (ل with); to trust (الى s.o.), have confidence (الى in s.o.), rely, depend (الى on s.o.); to entrust (ب الى s.th. to s.o.); to be reassured (الى by s.th.), accept tacitly (الى s.th.), acquiesce (الى in s.th.), content o.s. be content (الى with)

نوم naum sleep, slumber | غرفة النوم gurfat an-n. bedroom; قميص النوم night, gown, nightshirt

نومي naumī of or pertaining to sleep, somn(i)-, sleeping- (in compounds)

نومة nauma sleep, nap

نومة nuwama one who sleeps much, sleeper

نوام nawwām one given to sleep, sleeper

نؤوم na’ūm sound asleep; one given to sleep, sleeper; late riser, slugabed

منام manām sleep; (pl. -āt) dream

منام manām place to sleep; bedroom, dormitory

منامة manāma place to sleep; bedroom, dormitory; nightwear, nightgown, night-shirt; -- المنامة Manama (capital of Bahrein Islands)

تنويم tanwīm lulling to sleep; narcotization, anesthetization; hypnotism, hypnosis

نائم nā’im pl. نيام niyām, نوم nuwwam, نيم nuyyam, نوام nuwwām, نيام nuyyām sleeping; asleep; numb, benumbed (limb); calm, tranquil, peaceful (night)

منوم munawwim sleep-inducing, somniferous, soporific; narcotic; hypnotist; (pl. -āt) a soporific, somnifacient | جرعة منوم (jur‘a) soporific potion, sleeping draught, nightcap; دواء منوم (dawā’) a soporific, somnifacient

نون II to add a final nūn (هـ to a noun), provide with the nunnation (هـ a noun; gram.)

نون nūn pl. -āt name of the letter ن ; -- (pl. نينان nīnān, انوان anwān) large fish, whale | ذو النون the Prophet Jonah

نوني nūnī shaped like a ن , crescent-shaped

نونة nūna dimple in the chin

تنوين tanwīn nunnation (gram.) | هما كالتنوين والإضافة (iḍāfa) they are like day and light, they are diametrically opposed, they are as unlike as they could be

نوه II to raise, elevate (هـ s.th.); to praise, laud, extol, acclaim (ب s.o.), speak highly (ب of); to commend, cite (ب s.o. or s.th.); to .trees, emphasize (ب s.th.); to make mention, speak (ب of s.o. or s.th.), refer (ب to, also عن to s.th.), name, mention (عن s.th.); to hint (عن or ب or الى at). allude (عن or ب or الى to), intimate, imply (عن or ب or الى s.th.)

نوه tanwīh encomium, tribute, praise; mentioning, mention; reference; hint, allusion

نوى nawā i (نية nīya, نواة nawāh) to intend, propose, purpose, plan, have in mind, make up one’s mind (هـ to do s.th.), resolve, determine (هـ on s.th. or to do s.th.); -- i (نوى nawan) to absent o.s., go away (عن or من from) II to miaow (cat) III to make an enemy of s.o. (ه ), fall out with s.o. (ه ), be hostile, antagonistic (ه to), declare o.s. the enemy (ه of) VIII to propose, purpose, intend (هـ to do s.th.)

نوى nawan remoteness, distance; destination

نوى nawan (coll.) date pits; fruit kernels, atones

نواة nawāh (n. un.) pl. نويات nawayāt date pit; fruit kernel, stone; core; center; atomic nucleus; nucleus (fig., from which s.th. will grow), central point, starting point | نوة الذرة n. ad-darra atomic nucleus

نووي nawawī nuclear, nucleal, nuclei-, nuclea- (in compounds); of or pertaining to nuclear physics, nuclear, atomic | اسلحة نووية (asliḥa) nuclear weapons

ني nayy fat; see also under نئ

نية nīya pl. -āt, نوايا nawāyā intention, intent, design, purpose, plan, scheme; determination, will, volition, direction of will; tendency, inclination, desire | على نية with the intention to ...; في نية ان it is intended to ...; حسن النية ḥusn an-n. good intention, good will, sincerity, honesty; سلامة النية salāmat an-n. guilelessness, innocence, sincerity; bona fides, good faith (jur.); سليم النية undesigning, guileless, artless, sincere; simplehearted, ingenuous, simple-minded; سوء النية sū’ an-n. evil intent, insincerity, malice, cunning, deceit; (jur.) bad faith, mala fides, dolus malus; بسوء النية against one’s better judgment; (jur.) in bad faith, mala fide; صافي النية ṣāfī an-n. sincere, candid, frank, openhearted; اخلص له النية (nīyata) to be loyally attached to s.o. or s.th.; اخلص له النية ل or حسنت نيته في ḥasunat nīyatuhū li do.; to have good intentions, be well-intentioned toward ...; اصلح نيته (nīyatahū) to evoke the right intention in one’s heart (ethical and religious); عقد النية على to determine on s.th., resolve to do s.th., direct one’s intention to

مناو munāwin hostile, unfriendly

ناء ( (نيء ) nā’a i (نيء nay’, نيوء nuyū’, نيوءة nuyū’a) to be raw, uncooked (esp., meat)

نيء nī’, ني nīy raw; unripe; gross (weight); see also under نوى

ناب nāb pl. انياب anyāb, نيوب nuyūb, اناييب anāyīb2 canine tooth, eyetooth; tusk; fang | كشر عن انيابه (kaššara) to bare one’s teeth

ناب nāb pl. انياب anyāb, نيوب nuyūb, نيب nīb old she-camel

نيتروجين nitrōžé nitrogen

متنيح mutanayyaḥ late lamented, deceased (Chr.; eg.)

1 نير nayyir see نور

2 نير nīr pl. انيار anyār, نيران nīrān yoke

نيرة nīra gums (of the teeth)

نيروز nairūz New Year’s Day (Chr.-Copt.)

نيزك naizak pl. نيازك nayāzik2 short lance; shooting star, meteor

نيس nīs Nice (seaport in S France)

نيسان nīsān 2 April (Syr., leb., Jord., Ir.)

نيشان nīšān see نشان (نشن )

نيص nīṣ porcupine

نيط , نياط see نوط

نيف see نوف

نيق see نوق

نيقوسيا nīqōsiyā Nicosia (capital of Cyprus)

ناك ( (نيك ) nāka i to have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman)

نيكل nikl nickel

1 نال ( (نيل ) nāla (1st pers. perf. niltu) a (nail, منال manāl) to obtain, attain, achieve (هـ s.th.), get hold, get possession (هـ of); to win, gain, acquire, earn (هـ s.th.); to get, obtain, procure (ل هـ s.th. for s.o.); to accomplish (من هـ s.th. with s.o.), succeed (من هـ in s.th. with s.o.), get s.th. (هـ ) from s.o. (من ); to affect, influence (من s.o., s.th.), bear upon s.th. (من ); to cause damage, do harm (من to s.o., to s.th.), prejudice, impair, harm (من s.th.) | نال من عرضه (‘irḍihī) to decry, depreciate, discredit, defame, malign, slander s.o.; نال منه اوفر منال (aufara manālin) to do s.o. untold damage, harm s.o. most grievously; ناله بسوء (bi-sū’in) to harm s.o. or s.th.; ناله بضر (bi-ḍurrin) do.; نال من نفسه ابلغ منال see منال below IV to make or let (ل or ه s.o.) obtain (هـ s.th.), procure, get (ل هـ or ه s.th. for s.o.)

نيل nail obtainment, attainment, acquisition; a favor received

منال manāl obtainment, attainment, achievement, acquisition |بعيد المنال unattainable; intangible, impalpable, far from reality; صعب المنال ṣa‘b al-m. unattainable; قريب (سهل) منال (sahl) easy to get, attainable; ممكن المنال mukmin al-m. attainable; نال من نفسه ابلغ منال (ablaga manālin) it made the deepest impression on him

نائل nā’il acquirer, earner, obtainer, gainer, winner; a favor received, a boon, benefit, gain

2 نيل II to dye with indigo (هـ s.th.)

نيل nīl, نيلة nīla indigo plant, indigo

منيل munayyal dyed with indigo

3 نيل II (eg.) to channel Nile water onto the fields for the purpose of alluviating the soil

النيل an-nīl the Nile | زمن النيل zaman an-nīl time of the Nile inundation; عرائس النيل flowers of the European white water lily (nenuphar)

نيلي nīlī of the Nile, Nile (adj.), Nilotic

منيل manyal Nilometer

تنييل tanyīl (eg.) allviation of the soil by irrigation or inundation

نيلج nīlaj indigo

نيلوفر nīlūfar European white water lily, nenuphar

نيلون nailōn, nīlōn nylon

نينة nīna mother

نية see نوى

نيورالجيا niyūraljiyā neuralgia

نيزيلاندا niyūzīlandā New Zealand

ضوء نيوني ḍau’ niyūnī neon light

هـ

ها hā ha! look! there! ها هو hā huwa look, there he is! ها انتم hā antum you there! as a prefix (mostly written defectively): هذا hādā, f. هذه hādihī, هذي hādī, pl. هؤلاء hā’ulā’i, dual m. هذان hādānī, f. هاتان hātāni this one, this; see also alphabetically; -- هذاك hādāka, f. هاتيك hātīka pl. هؤلائك hā’ulā’ika that one, that; -- هكذا hākadā so, thus; وهكذا wa-hākadā and so forth; -- هاهنا hāhunā here; -- هاءناذا, هأنذا hā’anādā, ها انت ذا, هأنتذا hā’antadā, ها هو ذا, ها نحن اولاء I (emphatic form); you there; this one, that one, that; we here, etc.; here I am! there you are! etc.; -- with suffix: هاك hāka pl. هاكم hākum, here, take it! there you are! there you have ...! following (below) is (are) ...; هاكه hākahū there he is

هاء hā’ pl. -āt name of the letter هـ

هابيل hābīl2 Abel

هات hāti pl. هاتوا hātū give me (us) ...! bring me (us) ...! let me (us) have ...!

هاتان see under ها

هاتور hātōr Hator, the third month of the Coptic calendar

هارب (Engl.) harb harp (musical instrument)

هاشمي see هشم

الهافر al-hāvir le Havre (seaport in N France)

هاك ,هاكم and هاكه see ها

هؤلاء see ها

هأنذا , هأمتذا see ها

هانم hānum pl. هوانم hawānim2 lady, woman

هوانمي hawānimī ladylike, womenlike, feminine

هأهأ ha’ha’a to burst into laughter

هاهنا see ها

هاواي hāwāy Hawaii

هاون hāwun, هاوون hāwūn pl. هواوين hawāwīn2, اهوان ahwān mortar (vessel) | مدفع الهاون midfa’ al-hā. mortar (mil.)

هايتي haitī Haiti

1 هب hab imperative of وهب

2 هب habba u (habb) to get in motion, start moving; to approach, attack, tackle (الى or ل s.th.), embark (الى or ل upon), begin (الى or ل with), start doing s.th. (الى or ل ); (with foll. imperf.) to proceed abruptly to do s.th., set out to do s.th.; to rush, fly (الى at s.o.); to wake up; to rise, get up (من from, esp., from sleep); to revolt, rebel, rise (على against s.o.); -- (habb, هبوب hubūb, هبيب habīb) to blow (wind); to rage (storm); to break out (fire); to waft, drift (على in s.o.’s direction; of a scent), meet (على s.o.; of a pleasant smell) | هب للحرب (ḥarb) to take up arms, enter the war; هب للمقاومة (muqāwama) to take up arm, in opposition, rise in arms; هب واقفا (wāqifan) to plant o.s., station o.s, stand; هبت ريحه (rīḥuhū) he is in clover, he is in luck'. way, he has a lucky hand with everything; هب فيه الكلب (kalb) the dog attacked him, fell upon him; كل من وهب ودب (man, dabba) everybody and his brother, every Tom, Dick and Harry II to tear, rend (هـ s.th.); to blacken with soot (هـ s.th.); to besmut (هـ s.th.); to botch, bungle, do in slipshod manner (هـ s.th.) IV to wake up, awaken, rouse (من ه s.o. from sleep) V to be torn

هبة habba gust, squall

هبة hiba see وهب

هباب habāb fine dust

هباب hibāb soot, smut

هبوب habūb strong wind, gale

هبوب hubūb blowing (of the wind)

مهب mahabb pl. مهاب mahābb2 place where or from which the wind blows; windy side, weather side, direction of the wind; blowing of the wind; draft | في مهب الريح storm-swept, exposed to storms, threatened by storms

هبت habata i (habt) to knock out, fell, throw to the ground (ه s.o.); pass. hubiṭa to be despondent, faint-hearted; to be dim-witted

هبيت habīt despondent, faint-hearted, cowardly; dim-witted

هبر habara u (habr) to mangle (with the teeth; ه s.o.); to carve into large pieces (هـ meat)

هبر habr boned meat

هبرة habra piece or slice of meat

هبيرة hubaira hyena | ابو هبيرة abū h. frog

هبش habaša i (habš) to gather up, gather, collect (هـ s.th.); to seize, grab, clutch (ب with the hand or with the claws)

هبط habaṭa u i (هبوط hubūṭ) to descend, go down, come down; to fall down, drop; to settle down; to sink; to dip, slope down; to fall to the ground; to fall in, come down, collapse (roof); to set down, land, alight (airplane, travelers, هـ in a country); to lose weight, become lean (body); to abate, subside, let up, stop, die down (wind, fire, etc.); to fall, drop, slump (prices); to go, come (هـ to a place); -- u (habṭ) and IV to cause to sink or descend, lower, let down, bring down, take down, send down, fling down, throw down (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to lower, out down, reduce (هـ the price); to come (هـ to a place)

هبط habṭ reduction, lowering; decrease, diminution

هبطة habṭa decent, decline, fall, drop; depression (geogr.)

هبوط hubūṭ sinking; fall, drop, decline, decent; diminution, lessening, lowering, reduction (of the price); decrease; weakness, feebleness; slump (on the stock market); (airborne) landing | هبوط اضطراري (iḍṭirārī) emergency landing; هبوط الخم h. ar-raḥim prolapse of the uterus, hysteroptosis

هبوط habūṭ slope, declivity, drop, cliff, bluff

هبيط habīṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated, worn out

O اهبوطة uhbūṭa pl. اهابط ahābiṭ2 parachute

مهبط mahbiṭ pl. مهابط mahābiṭ2 place of a fall, of descent; landing place, airstrip, runway; falling, faU. drop; place of origin, birth place, cradle (fig.); O cathode (el.) | مهبط الوحي m. al-waḥy the cradle of Islam; في مهبط الغروب at (the time of) sunset

هابط Ilabil descending, falling, dropping, sinking | O هابط بالمظلة الواقية (miẓalla, wāqiya) paratrooper

مهبوط mahbūṭ emaciated, skinny, enervated, worn out

هبل habila a (habal) to be bereaved of her son (mother) V to take a vapor bath VIII to avail o.s., take advantage (هـ of an opportunity); to intrigue. scheme | اهتبل هبلك ihtabil habalaka watch out for your own interests! take care of your own affairs! mind your own business!

هبل hiball a tall, husky man

هبيل habīl dolt, fool

اهبل ahbal2, f. هبلاء hablā’2, pl. هبل hubl dim-witted, weak-minded, imbecilic, idiotic

مهبل mahbal, mahbil pl. مهابل mahābil2 vagina

مهبلي mahbalī vaginal

مهبل mihbal nimble

مهبول mahbūl stupid, imbecilic, idiotic; dolt, dunce, fool

هبهب habhaba to bark, bay

هبهاب habhāab mirage, fata morgana; swift, nimble

هبا (هبو ) habā u (هبو hubuw) to rise in the air (dust, smoke); to run away, bolt, take to sight

هبوة habwa pl. habawāt swirl of dust

هباء habā’ pl. اهباء ahbā’ fine dust; dust particles floating in the air | هباء منثصور atoms scattered in all directions; ذهب هباء (habā’an) to vanish. dissolve into nothing, end in smoke; ذهب هباء منثورا (habā’an) or ضاع هباء منثورا (ḍā‘a) to go up in smoke, fall through, come to nought, dissolve into nothing; ذهب به هباء (habā’an) to ruin, thwart s.th.; to scatter s.th. in all directions

هباءة hbā’a (n. un.) dust particle; mote

1 هتر hatara i (hatr) to tear to pieces (هـ s.th.) III to abuse, revile, insult, call names (ه s.o.) IV (also pass. uhtira) to become feeble-minded, childish (old man) VI to revile each other, fling accusations at each other; to be contradictory, conflicting (testimonies; Isl. Law) X to be negligent and careless; to act in a reckless, irresponsible manner; to make light (ب of s.th.), attach little importance (ب to), slight, disdain, despise (ب s.th.); to jeer, scoff (y at s.o.), deride, ridicule, mock (ب s.o.); pass. ustuhtira to be infatuated (ب with), dote (ب on)

هتر hitr pl. اهتار ahtār drivel, twaddle, childish talk; lie, untruth, falsity, falsehood

هتر hutr feeble-mindedness, dotage

مهاترة muhātara abuse, revilement, vituperation, insult; pl. -āt wrangle, bickering

تهاتر tahātur confrontation of similar evidence (Isl. Law)

استهتار istihtār recklessness, thoughtlessness; wantonness, unrestraint, licentiousness; disdain, scorn

مهتر muhtar driveling, twaddling, raving; childish old man

مستهتر mustahtir heedless, careless; reckless, thoughtless, irresponsible; wanton, unrestrained, uninhibited

مستهتر mustahtar blindly devoted (ب to), infatuated (ب with), doting (ب on)

2 هاتور look up alphabetically

هتف hatafa i (hatf) to coo (pigeons); -- (هتاف hutāt) to shout; to rejoice, shout with joy; to acclaim, hail, cheer, applaud (ل or ب s.o.); to jeer, boo (ضد s.o.); to praise highly, extol (ب s.th.) | هتف به to call out to s.o.; هتف به هاتف (hātifun) a voice called out to him, an invisible force told him, made him (do s.th.); هتف بحياته (bi-ḥayātihī) to cheer s.o.; هتف ثلاثا (talātan) to give (ل s.o.) three cheers VI to shout encouragement to one another, encourage one another (على to do s.th.)

هتفة hatfa shout, cry, call

هتاف hutāf pl. -āt shout, cry, call; exclamation of joy; hurrah; acclamation, acclaim, applause; cheer (ل to s.o.) | هتاف الحرب h. al-ḥarb battle cry, war cry; عاصفة الهتاف storm of applause, thundering applause

هاتف hātif shouting, calling loudly; (in earlier Sufism) invisible caller, voice; (pl. هواتف hawātif) telephone; O loudspeaker; pl. هواتف exclamations, shouts, cries, calls | هاتف القلب h. al-qalb inner voice; بالهاتف by telephone

هاتفي hātifī telephonic, telephone- (in compounds)

هتك hataka i (hatk) to tear apart, rip apart (هـ s.th., esp., a curtain, a veil); to unveil, uncover, discover, disclose, reveal (هـ s.th.); to disgrace, rape, ravish (ها a woman) | هتك عرضه (‘irḍahū) to disgrace s.o. II to tear to shreds, rip to pieces, tatter (هـ s.th.) V to get torn; to be exposed, shown up, discredited, disgraced, dishonored, ravished, raped; to give o.s. over (في to s.th. disgraceful); to be disgraceful, dishonorable, shameless, impudent VIII pass. of hataka

هتك hatk tearing, rending, ripping apart; disclosure, exposure, exposé; dishonoring, disgracing, degradation, debasement, rape, ravishing | هتك الأسرار disclosure, uncovering of s.th. hidden

هتكة hutka dishonoring, disgracing, degradation, debasement

هتيكة hatīka disgrace, scandal

تهتك tahattuk shamelessness, immorality; impudence, insolence

متهتك mutahattik insolent, impudent; shameless, dishonorable

مستهتك mustahtik insolent, impudent; shameless, dishonorable

هتامة hutāma s.th. broken off, fragment, breakage

اهتم ahtam2 f. هتماء hatmā’2, pl. هتم hutm having no front tooth; toothless

هتن hatana i (hatn, هتون hutūn) to discharge a pouring rain (sky)

هتون hatūn rain-fraught, heavy with rain (cloud)

هج hajja u (هجيج hajīj) to burn, be on fire, be aflame; to flame, blaze, be ablaze II to set ablaze, stir up, stoke (هـ the fire)

هجأ haja’a a (هجء liar, هجوء hujū’) to be appeased (hunger) IV أهجأ جوعه (jū‘ahū) to appease s.o.’s hunger

هجد hajada u (هجود hujūd) and V to stay awake at night, keep a night vigil; to spend the night in prayer

هجر hajara u (hajr, هجران hijrān) to emigrate; to dissociate o.s., separate, part, secede, keep away (هـ, ه from), part company (ه with ); to give up, renounce, forgo, avoid (هـ s.th.); to abandon, surrender, leave behind (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), relinquish, leave, give up, vacate (هـ s.th., الى in favor of s.o.) II to induce (ه s.o.) to emigrate in to emigrate IV to leave, abandon, give up (هـ s.th.); to talk nonsense, talk through one’s hat VI to desert one another, part company, separate, break up

هجر hajr abandonment, forsaking, leaving, separation; avoidance, abstention; separation from the beloved one; hottest time of the day

هجر hujr obscene language

هجرة hijra departure, exit; emigration, exodus; immigration (الى to); الهجرة the Hegira, the emigration of the Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622 A.D. | دار الهجرة Medina

.sA "'in of the Hegira. pertaining

to Mohammed’s emigration | سنة هجرية (sana) a year of the Hegira., a year of the Muslim era (beginning with Mohammed’s emigration)

هجرة hujra, hijra pl. هجر hujar, hijar agricultural settlement of the Wababi Ikhwan in Nejd

هجراء hajrā’ obscene languageهجر

هجير hajīr midday heat

هجيرة hajīra midday heat, midday, noon

مهجر mahjar pl. مهاجر mahājir2 place of emigration, retreat, refuge, sanctuary; emigration; settlement, colony

مهاجر mahājir obscenities

مهاجرة multajara emigration

هاجرة hājira pl. هواجر hawājir2 midday heat, midday, noon; -- (pl. -āt, هواجر hawājir2) obscene language, obscenity

هاجري hājirī midday (adj.); excellent, outstanding

مهجور mahjūr abandoned, forsaken, deserted; lonely, lonesome; in disuse, out of use, obsolete, antiquated, archaic

مهاجر muhājir emigrant, émigré; المهاجرون those Meccans who emigrated to Medina in the early period of Islam

هجس hajasa u i (hajs) to occur all of a sudden (في نفسه to s.o.), come to s.o.’s mind (في نفسه ); to mumble, mutter, talk to o.s.

هجس hajs idea, thought; foolish talk

هجسة hajsa pl. hajasāt idea, thought; notion, concept; fear, apprehension, anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas, apprehensions, misgivings

هجاس hajjās braggart, boaster, show-off

هاجس hājis pl. هواجس hawājis2 idea, thought; notion, concept; fear, apprehension, anxiety, concern, misgiving, scruple; pl. fixed ideas, apprehensions, misgivings

هجص (eg.) hagaṣ mischief, nuisance, horseplay

هجع haja‘a a (هجوع hujū‘) to sleep peacefully; to be or become calm, quiet, still; to be silenced, calm down, subside (uproar, excitement, and the like); -- (haj‘) to appease (هـ the hunger) IV to allay, appease (هـ the hunger)

هجعة haj‘a slumber

هجوع hujū‘ slumber; lull, calming down; subsidence, abatement, letup, remission, ebbing (e.g., of a disease)

مهجع mahja‘ pl. مهاجع mahāji‘2 bed-chamber; quarters, barracks room (Syr., mil.) | رئيس المهجع approx.: barracks orderly, barrack sergeant (Syr., mil.)

هجل hajala u (hajl) to cast amorous glances, make sheep’s eyes

هجم hajama u (هجوم hujūm) to make for s.o. (على ), rush, pounce (على upon s.o.); to attack, assail, charge (على s.o., s.th.); to raid (على s.th.); to take by surprise, capture in a surprise attack, storm (على s.th.); to enter without permission (على s.th.), force one’s way (على into), intrude, tresspass (على on), invade (على s.th.); to keep quiet II to make (ه s.o.) attack, order s.o. (ه ) to attack III to attack, assail, charge (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to launch an attack (هـ on); to make for s.th. (هـ ), rush, pounce (هـ upon); to raid (هـ s.th.); to assault (ه s.o.), fall upon s.o. (ه ); to intrude, trespass (هـ on), invade (هـ s.th.) IV = II; V to fall upon (على ) VI to attack one another VII to fall down, collapse (house); to be in poor health, be frail; to flew down (tears); to shed tears (eye)

هجمة hajma pl. hajamāt attack, charge; assault, onset, onslaught, raid, surprise attack, coup de main; severity (of winter)| O هجمة معاكسة (mu‘ākisa) counterattack

هجمي hajmī aggressive, violent, outrageous, brutal

هجوم hajūm violent wind

هجوم hujūm attack, charge, assault, onset, onslaught, raid; offensive; fit, attack, paroxysm (of a disease); forward line, forwards (in soccer, and the like) | هجوم جانبي (jānibī) flank attack; هجوم جوي (jawwī) air raid; هجوم مضاد (muḍādd) or هجوم معاكس (mu‘ākis) counterattack; خط الهجوم kaṭṭ al-h. forward line (in soccer, and the like); قلب الهجوم qalb al-h. the center forward (in soccer, and the like)

هجومي hujūmī aggressive, offensive

مهاجمة muhājama attack, charge; assault, onset, onslaught, raid; O police raid, police roundup

تهجم tahajjum pl. -āt assault, attack, raid

مهاجم muhājim attacker, assailant, aggressor; forward (in soccer, and the like)

هجن hajuna a (هجنة hujna, هجانة hajāna, هجونة hujūna) to be incorrect or faulty II to excoriate, flay, censure scathingly, run down, disparage (ه s.o.) X to consider (هـ s.th.) bad, wrong or improper; to disapprove (هـ of s.th.), condemn, reject (هـ s.th.)

هجنة hujna fault, defect, shortcoming; meanness, baseness

هجان hajjān pl. هجانة hajjāna camel rider

هجين hajīn pl. هجن hujun, هجناء hujanā’2, مهاجين mahājīn2, مهاجنة mahājina low, lowly, base, ignoble, mean; -- (pl. هجن hujun) racing camel, dromedary

هجينة hajīna pl. هجائن hajā’in2 racing camel, dromedary

استهجان istihjān disapproval, disapprobation

هجا (هجو ) hajā u (hajw, هجاء hijā’) to ridicule, mock, satirize, disparage, run down (ه s.o.); to lampoon (ه s.o.) II and V to spell (ه s.th.) III to compose defamatory or satiric poems (ه against s.o.), defame, satirize, lampoon, ridicule, mock (ه s.o.) VI to ridicule each other in satiric verse

هجو hajw ridiculing, scoffing; defamation, disparagement; lampoonery, mockery, ridicule, irony; satiric poem, satire

هجوي hajwī defamatory, denigrating, disparaging, satiric

هجاء hijā’ derision, ridiculing, scoffing; satire; defamatory poem; (pl. اهجية ahjiya) spelling, successive order of letters; alphabet

هجائي hijā’ī alphabetical; satiric

اهجوة uhjuwa and اهجية uhjīya pl. اهاجي ahājīy satiric poem, lampoon

تهجية tahjiya and تهج tahajjin spelling

هاج hājin spelling; defamatory, denigrating; mocker, scoffer, derider; satirist

هد hadda u (hadd, هدود hudūd) to break, crush, break off, pull down, tear down, raze, demolish, wreck, destroy (هـ s.th.); to undermine, sap, weaken, ruin (هـ, ه or من s.o., s.th.); -- i (هديد hadīd) to crash down, fall down, collapse; -- a i (hadd) to be weak and decrepit II to threaten, menace (ب ه s.o. with), scare, frighten, terrify, daunt, cow, intimidate, brow-beat (ه s.o.) V do. VII to be or get torn down, demolished, razed, wrecked; to fall down, collapse, break down; to be broken down, be dilapidated, be in ruins, be a wreck

هد hadd razing, pulling down, wrecking; demolition, destruction

هدة hadda and هديد hadīd heavy, thudding fall; thud, crash (of s.th. collapsing)

هداد hadād slowness, gentleness; هداديك hadādaika gently! slowly! take it easy!

مهدة mihadda, rock crusher, jawbreaker

تهديد tahdīd pl. -āt threat, menace; intimidation | تهديد بالتشهير extortion by threats of public exposure, blackmail (jur.)

تهديدي tahdīdī threatening, menacing

تهدد tahaddud threat, menace; intimidation

مهدود mahdūd destroyed, demolished, wrecked | مهدود القوى m. al-quwā weakened, debilitated, exhausted

مهدد muhaddid menacing, threatening; threatener, menacer

مهدد muhaddad threatened, menaced

هدأ hada’a a (هدء had’, هدوء hudū’) to be calm, still, quiet, tranquil; to become calm, calm down; to subside, abate, let up, die down (storm, etc.); to stop, halt, linger, rest, remain, stay (ب at a place); to stop (عن s.th., doing s.th.), cease (عن to do s.th.) | هدأ روعه (rau‘uhū) to become composed, calm down II to calm, quiet, pacify, tranquilize, appease, soothe, placate, temper, assuage, allay (من or هـ s.th., ه s.o.); O to slow down, drive slowly | هدأ اعصابه (a‘ṣābahū) to soothe the nerves; هدأ من روعه (rau‘ihī) to reassure s.o., set s.o.’s mind at rest; هدئ روعك haddi’ rau‘aka calm down! take it easy! don’t worry! don’t be afraid! هدئ من روعك (rau‘ika) calm down! take it easy! IV = II; to lull (هـ a baby) to sleep

هدء had’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness

هداءة hadā’a calm, quiet, peace, tranquility, stillness

هدوء hudū’ calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness | بهدوء calmly, quietly

تهدئة tahdi’a calming, quieting, pacification, tranquilization, appeasement, reassurance; O slowing down, slow driving

هادئ hādi’ calm, quiet, peaceful, tranquil, still | هادئ القلب h. al-qalb calm(ly), confident(ly); هادئ البال composed(ly), with one’s mind at ease; المحيط الهادئ (muḥīṭ) the Pacific Ocean

هدب hadaba a (hadab) to have long lashes (eye); to have long, drooping branches (tree) II to fringe, trim with fringes (هـ a garment)

هدب hadb, hudub (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اهداب ahdāb eyelashes; fringes | باهداب trimmed with fringes, fringed; تمسك باهدابه (bi-ahdābihī) to be most devoted to s.o., be at s.o.’s beck and call, be under s.o.’s thumb; تمسك (تعلق) بأهداب الشيء to adhere, cling to s.th.; اخذ بأهداب الشي to apply o.s. to, attend to, engage in, cultivate, practice s.th.

هدب hadib having long lashes

أهدب ahdab2, f. هدباء hadbā’ having long lashes

هداب huddāb (coll.; n. un. ة ) fringes; edging, border

هدج hadaja i (hadj, هدجان hadajān, هداج hudāj) to shamble, shuffle along, walk with unsteady, tottering or tremulous steps (old man), totter, hobble, limp II to make (هـ s.th.) tremble V to tremble, quaver, shake (voice)

هودج haudaj pl. هوادج hawādij2 camel litter, howdah; sedan chair, litter

هدر hadara i (hadr, هدير hadīr) to peal, rumble, roll (thunder); to surge (sea); to roar (lion); to bray (donkey, camel); to clamor, raise a din, be noisy; to storm, rage, rant, shout, bawl, bellow (person); to snarl (in a fury); to bubble, boil, simmer; (with ب ) to blare s.th. out; -- u i (hadr, hadar) to be in vain, be made to no avail (effort); to be spent uselessly (money); to be abed in vain or with impunity (blood); -- (hadr) to shed in vain or with impunity (هـ blood); to spend uselessly, squander, waste (هـ effort or money); to ruin (هـ the health) IV to regard as nonexistent (هـ s.th.); to consider invalid (هـ s.th.); to invalidate, void (هـ s.th.); to thwart, foil, ruin (هـ s.th.)

هدرا hadran uselessly, to no avail; in vain, for nothing, futilely | ذهب هدرا to melt away uselessly, futilely, be spent in vain, be wasted

هدر hudr fall, tumble

هدار haddār swirling, rushing, torrential, roaring, raging; surging (sea); weir; spillway, millrace

هدارة haddāra waterfall

هدير hadīr roaring, roar; surge, raging, storming, uproar

مهدر muhdar invalid, void

هدف hadafa u (hadf) to approach (الى s.o. or s.th.). draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (الى ); to aim (الى at) IV to approach (الى s.o. or s.th.), draw or be near s.o. or s.th. (الى ) V to strut X to be exposed, be open (ل or الى to a danger); to be susceptible or sensiitive (ل to); to make (هـ s.th.) one’s goal or object, aim (هـ at), have before one’s eyes, have in mind (هـ s.th.)

هدف hadaf pl. اهداف ahdāf target; aim, end, object, objective, purpose, design, intention; goal (in sports) | جعله هدفا ل make s.o. the target or object of …, expose s.o. to s.th.; كان هدفا ل to be exposed, be open to ...; O أهداف حربية (ḥarbīya) military targets

هداف haddāf sharpshooter, marksman

هدفان hadafān (practice) target

مستهدف mustahdif exposed, open (ل to s.th.)

هدل hadala i (هديل hadīl) to coo (pigeon); -- i (hadf) to let down, let hang, dangle (هـ s.th.); -- hadila a (hadal) and V to hang loosely, dangle; to flow, be wide and loose (garment)

اهدل ahdal2, f. هدلاء hadlā’2, pl. هدل hudl hanging down loosely, flowing

مهدل muhaddal hanging down loosely, flowing

هدم hadama i (hadm) to tear down, pull down, rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (هـ s.th.); to tear up (هـ s.th.) II to tear down, pull down, rue, wreck, demolish, destroy (هـ s.th.); to tear up, blast, blow up (هـ s.th.) V to be torn down, be razed, be demolished, be destroyed, be wiped out; to be dilapidated; to fall down, break down, collapse VII do.

هدم hadm razing, pulling down, wrecking (of a building); demolition, destruction

هدم hidm pl. اهدام ahdām, هدم hidam old, worn garment; pl. هدوم hudūm clothes, clothing

هدام haddām destructive

هدام hudām seasickness

تهديم tahdīm wrecking, demolition, destruction, annihilation

تهدم tahaddum fall, downfall, crash, collapse, breakdown

هادم hādim crushing, devastating, annihilating, destructive; destroyer, demolisher

مهدوم mahdūm torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked, destroyed

مهدم muhaddam and متهدم mutahaddim torn down, razed, demolished, wrecked, destroyed; in ruins, dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-down

مستهدم mustahdim dilapidated, tumbledown (walls)

هدن hadana i (هدون hudūn) to be or become quiet; to calm down, quiet down III to conclude a truce (ه with s.o.)

هدنة hudna pl. -āt calm(ness), quietness, peace, tranquility, stillness; pause, intermission, cessation; truce, armistice

هدن hidāna truce, armistice; peace

هدون hudūn calm(ness), quiet(ness), peace, tranquility, stillness

مهادنة muhādana conclusion of a truce, truce negotiations

هدهد hadhada to rock, dandle (ه a child)

هدهد hudhud pl. هداهد hadāhid2 hoopoe (zool.)

هدى hadā i (hady, هدى hudan, هداية hidāya) to lead (ه s.o.) on the right way, guide (ه s.o., هـ on a course); to guide, show, direct (الى ه s.o. to), show (ه s.o.) the way (الى to); to lead (ه s.o., to the true faith); to supply, bring, procure (هـ s.th.); -- i (هداء hidā’) to bring, load, conduct (الى ها the bride to the bridegroom) III to exchange presents (ه with s.o.) IV to bring, lead, conduct (الى ها the bride to the bridegroom); to give as a present (الى or ل هـ s.th. to s.o.), present (الى or ل s.o., هـ with), make s.o. (الى or ل ) a present of (هـ ); to dedicate (الى or ل هـ s.th. to s.o.), confer, bestow, award (هـ e.g., an order); to send, convey, transmit (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) V to be rightly guided, be led well; to get (الى to), reach (الى a place, s.th.) VI to make each other presents, exchange presents; to exchange among each other (هـ s.th., also التحية at-taḥīya to exchange greetings, greet or salute each other); to guide, load, conduct, take, bring (ه s.o.); to sway to and fro, swing rhythmically (in walking); to walk with a swinging gait; to stride; to move forward. Move on, advance; to get (الى to), reach (الى a place); to get as far as (الى ), penetrate (الى to); to flock (الى to s.o.), rally (الى around s.o.) VIII to be rightly guided, be led on the right way; to be led, be shown, be taken (الى , J to); to find the way (الى to); to find, detect, discover (الى s.th.), come upon s.th. (الى ); to hit upon s.th. (الى or ل , e.g., an idea), be made aware, think (الى or ل of), arrive (الى or ل at); to be led back, find one’s way back (الى to the true faith, من away from evil); to be guided (ب by s.o.), take (ب s.o. or s.th.) as an example or model, follow s.o.’s (ب ) load X to ask to be rightly guided, pray for divine guidance, seek the right way

هدي hady guidance, direction; way, road, course, direction; manner, mode, fashion

هدى hudan right guidance (esp., in a religious sense); guiding, leading (of s.o.); right way. true religion | كان على هدى to be on the right way; to embrace the true religion; على غير هدى aimlessly, at random; سار على غير هدى to wander aimlessly

هدية hadya, hidya (line of) conduct, procedure, policy, course, way, direction; manner, mode, fashion

هدية hadīya pl. هدايا hadāyā gift, present, donation; offering, sacrifice

هداية hidāya guidance | على غير هداية without divine guidance, aimlessly, at random

اهدى ahdā better guided; more correct, more proper, better

اهداء ihdā’ presentation; donation, grant(ing); award, bestowal, conferment; dedication (of a book)

هاد hādin pl. -ūn, هداة hudāh leading, guiding; leader, guide

مهدي mahdīy rightly guided; Mahdi

مهتد muhtadin rightly guided

هذا hādā (dem. pron.), f. هذه hādihī, هذي hādī, pl. هؤلاء hā’ulā’i, dual m. هذان hādāni, f. هاتان hātāni this one, this | بهذا bi-hādā hereby, herewith; لهذا li-hādā therefore, for this reason; مع هذا herewith; in spite of it, nevertheless; هذا الى ان (ilā an) besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more; هذا و besides, moreover, furthermore, what’s more; on the other hand; هذا ويوجد (yūjadu) besides, there is ...

هذب hadaba i (hadb) to prune, trim (هـ s.th.); to clean. purify, cleanse, smooth (هـ s.th.), polish (هـ s.th., also fig., e.g., the style) II do.; to improve, refine (هـ s.th.); to rectify, set right, correct (هـ s.th.); to check, revise (هـ s.th.); to bring up (ه a child); to educate, instruct (ه s.o.) V pass. of II

تهذيب tadīb expurgation, emendation, correction; rectification; revision; training; instruction; education, upbringing; culture, refinement

تهذيبي tahdībī of or pertaining to education, educational, educative; instructive, didactic

تهذب tahaddub upbringing, manners, education

مهذب muhaddib teacher, educator

مهذب muhaddab well-mannered, well-bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured, educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous

متهذب mutahaddib well-mannered, well-bred, refined, polished, urbane, cultured, educated, well-behaved, polite, courteous

هذر hadara u i (hadr) to prattle, babble, prate, talk nonsense; to blurt out, blab (ب s.th.) II to joke, make fun, jest

هذر hadr prattle, babble, idle talk; raillery, taunting words

هذر hadar prattle, babble, idle talk; mockery, scoffing

هذر hadir prattling, garrulous

هذرم hadrama to babble, jabber, prattle, prate

هذلول hudlūl pl. هذاليل hadālīl2 elevation, hillock; little river, small stream

خط هذلولي kaṭṭ hudlūlī hyperbola (math.)

هذى hadā i (hady, هذيان hadayān) to talk irrationally, rave, be delirious

هذاء hudā’ raving, irrational talk, delirium

هذيان hadayān senseless jabber, rigmarole, raving, drivel, delirium; state of absennt-mindedness; folly; madness, insanity, mania, craze; hallucination

هاذ hādin delirious, raving

هر harra i (هرير harīr) to growl; to whimper, whine

هر hirr pl. هررة hirara tomcat; cat

هرة hirra pl. هرر hirar cat

هرير harīr growling, growl; yelping, whining, whimper(ing); spitting (of a cat)

هريرة huraira kitten

هرأ hara’a a to tear, lacerate (هـ s.th.); to wear out, wear off (هـ a garment); to affect strongly, beset grievously, try, wear out, harm, hurt (ه s.o.); to irritate (هـ the skin); to he hitingly cold (wind) II to cook too much, overdo (هـ meat) IV = II; V to he overdone (meat); to he tom, lacerated VIII to he tom, lacerated, mangled, torn to pieces; to be worn out, shabby

هراء hurā’ prattle, idle talk

مهترئ muhtari’ overdone, boiled to shreds; torn, lacerated, mangled; worn out, shabby

هرب haraba u (harab, هروب hurūb, مهرب mahrab, هربان harabān) to flee (الى to); to escape (من a danger); to desert; to run away, elope (مع with) II to help (ه s.o.) to escape; to force to flee, put to flight (ه s.o.); to liberate, free (ه a prisoner) ; to rescue (هـ a distrained or impounded thing; jur.); to engage in illicit trade, to traffic; to smuggle V to escape, elude (من s.th.); to shirk, dodge, evade (من a duty, or the like)

هرب harab flight, escape, getaway; desertion; elopement

هروب hurūb flight

هربان harbān fugitive, runaway, on the run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee

هراب harrāb coward

مهرب mahrab pl. مهارب mahārib2 (place of) refuge, retreat, sanctuary; flight, escape, getaway | لا مهرب منه (mahraba) inescapable, unavoidable

تهريب tahrīb illicit trade, trafficking; smuggling, smuggle, contrabandism

هارب hārib fugitive, runaway, on the run; a runaway, a fugitive, a refugee; deserter; see also alphabetically

مهرب muharrib illicit dealer, trafficker; smuggler

مهرب muharrab pl. -āt smuggled goods, contraband

هرج haraja i (harj) to he excited, agitated, in commotion II to make (ه s.o.) drunk, befuddle, cloud, fog, blur (ه s.o.’s mind or perceptions); to joke, make fun, jest (في in conversation)

هرج harj excitement, agitation, commotion; disorder, muddle, confusion | هرج ومرج (wa-marj) turmoil, confusion, chaos

مهرج muharrij jester, clown, buffoon

هرجلة harjala chaos, muddle, confusion

هردبشت hardabašt buncombe, nonsense; trash, rubbish, junk

هرس harasa u (hars) to crush, mash, squash, bruise, pound (هـ s.th.); to tenderize by beating, pound until tender (هـ meat)

هرس harīsa a dish of meat and bulgur; (eg.) a sweet pastry made of flour, melted butter and sugar

هراس harrās pl. -āt steamroller

O آلة هراسة āla harrāsa steamroller

مهراس mihrās pl. مهاريس mahārīs2 mortar

هرش II to sow dissension (بين between, among) III to quarrel, wrangle (ه with); to dally, joke, banter (ه with)

هرش harš scratching; wear and tear, attrition, depreciation (of tools, machinery, etc.)

هراش hirāš quarrel, wrangle

مهروش mahrūš worn out, battered

هرطق harṭaqa to become a heretic

هرطقة haṭaqa heresy

هرطوقي harṭūqī pl. هراطقة harāṭiqa heretic (Chr.)

هراطقي harāṭiqī heretic (Chr.)

هرطمان harṭamān a brand of oats

هرع hara‘a a (hara‘) and pass. huri‘a to hurry, hasten, rush (الى to) II pass. hurri‘a and IV ahra‘a do.

هرع hara‘ hurry, haste, rush

هراع hurā‘ hurry, haste, rush

هرف harafa i (harf) to praise excessively, shower with extravagant praise (ب s.th.

or s.o.)

هرق haraqa a (harq) to shed, spill (هـ s.th.) IV do.; to sacrifice (هـ s.th.)

مهراق muhrāq poured out, spilled

مهرقان mahraqān, muhraqān, muhruqān shore, coast; ocean

اهراق ihrāq shedding, spilling | اهراق الدماء i. ad-dimā’ bloodshed

مهرق muhraq spilled, shed; -- (pl. مهارق mahāriq2) parchment; O wax paper

هرقل hiraql2, hirqil2 Heraclius (Byzantine emperor); Hercules

هرم harima a (haram, مهرم mahram, مهرمة mahrama) to become senile and decrepit II to mince, chop (هـ s.th.)

هرم haram decrepitude, senility; old age

هرم haram pl. اهرام ahrām, اهرامات ahrāmāt pyramid | O هرم ناقص frustum of pyramid, truncated pyramid (math.)

هرمي haramī pyramidlike, pyramidical, pyramidal

اهرامي ahrāmī pyramidlike, pyramidical, pyramidal

هرم harim decrepit, senile; advanced in years, aged, old; old man

هرمس harmasa to he grave, stern, gloomy (face)

هرمون hormōn pl. -āt hormone

هرهر harhara to move, shake (هـ s.th.); to attack (على s.o.)

1 هرا (هرو ) harā u (harw) to cane, thrash, wallop (ه s.o.)

هراوة harāwa pl. هراوى harāwa stick, cane; cudgel, truncheon, club

2 هراة harāh Herat (city in NW Afghanistan)

هروي harawī of Herat

هرول harwala to walk fast; to burry, hasten, rush (الى to)

هرولة harwala quick pace, haste, hurry

مهرول muharwal hurrying, speeding; in a hurry

هري hury pl. اهراء ahrā’ granary

هار hārin reeling, tottering, unsteady

هز hazza u (hazz) to shake (ب or هـ s.th.); to swing, brandish, wave (هـ a lance or sword); to jolt to and fro, jog, rook (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) tremble; to convulse, shake, rock, upset, sway (هـ s.th.) | هز كتفيه (katifaihi) to shrug (one’s shoulders); هز رأسه (ra’sahū) to nod, shake one’s head; هز ذيله (dailahū) to wag its tail II to shake, swing, brandish, wave (هـ s.th.) V to be moved, agitated, shaken, jolted, upset, convulsed, receive a shock; to move, stir, shake, sway, swing, vibrate, oscillate VIII do.; to tremble, quake, quiver; to be moved, touched, deeply affected (ل by ); to rock (rider on a camel) | لا نهتز له كثيرا this won’t affect us greatly, this is not likely to disconcert us, this will hardly cause us any headache; اهتز فرحا (faraḥan) to tremble with joy; اهتز اليه قلبه (qalbuhū) to be elated by s.th.

هزة hazza (n. vic.) pl. -āt motion, movement, stir, commotion, agitation; convulsion; jolt, jog, push; O (electric) shook; vibration, oscillation; tremor, shake | هزة ارضية (arḍīya) seismic shock, earthquake; هزة السرور (الطرب، الفرح ) (ṭarab, faraḥ) joyous excitement, delight, rapture

هزة hizza liveliness, vivacity, high spirits

هزاز hazzāz shaking, jolting; rocking; rolling, swinging; shaker (in concrete construction, for coal, and the like)

هزيز hazīz bluster(ing), sough (of the wind); rumbling, roll (of thunder)

مهزة mahazza excitement, agitation

تهزيز tahzīz movement, agitation, shaking

اهتزاز ihtizāz convulsion, shock; trembling, shaking, tremor; swinging, oscillation, vibration; excitement, agitation, commotion, emotion

اهتزازة ihtizāza (n. vic.) tremor, vibration

مهتز muhtazz trembling, tremulous, shaking, quivering

هزأ haza’a, هزئ hazi’a a (هزء haz’, huz’, هزؤ huzu’, هزوء huzū’, مهزأة mahza’a) to scoff, jeer, sneer, laugh (من or ب at), make fun (من or ب of), deride, ridicule, mock (من or s.o.) V and X to deride, mock (من or ب s.o., s.th., also على )

هزء haz’, huz’ and هزؤ huzu’ derision, scorn, disdain, contempt; mockery

هزئي huz’ī mocking, derisive

هزأة haz’a object of ridicule, butt of derision, laughingstock

هزأة huza’a mocker, sarcast; scorner, disdainer, despiser

مهزأة mahza’a derision, loom, disdain, contempt; mockery; scornful laughter, sneer

استهزاء istihzā’ mockery, ridicule, derision, scorn | باستهزاء mockingly, derisively

هازئ hāzi’ mocker, scoffer

مستهزئ mustahzi’ mocker, scoffer

هزبر hizabr, hizbar pl. هزابر hazābir2 lion

هزج hazija a to sing

هزج hazaj name of a poetic meter

اهزوجة uhzūja pl. اهازيج ahāzīj2 song

1 هزر hazara i (hazr) to laugh II (eg.) to joke, make fun, jest

هزار hizār (eg.) joking, jesting, fun-making

2 هزار hazār pl. -āt nightingale

هزع haza’a a (haz’), to hurry, be quick V do.

هزع hazī’ part of the night

هزل hazala i (hazl, huzl), hazila a (hazal) and pass. huzila to be emaciated, lean, skinny; to loss weight, become lean, skinny, emaciated; -- hazala i (hazl) to joke, talk lightly, jokingly; to cause to lose weight, make lean, emaciate, enervate (ه s.o.) II to emaciate, waste away, enervate (ه s.o.) III to joke, make fun, jest (ه with s.o.) IV to emaciate, waste away, enervate (ه s.o.) VII to be or become lean

هزل had joking, jesting, fun

هزلي hazlī jocular, funny, amusing, droll, humorous; humoristic; comical

هزلية hazlīya or رواية هزلية comedy (theat.)

هزل hazil joker, jester, funnyman, wag, wit

هزال huzāl emaciation; leanness, skinniness

هزال hazzāl joker, jester, funnyman, wag, wit

هزيل hazīl pl. هزلى hazlā lean, skinny, emaciated

مهزلة mahzala pl. -āt, مهازل mahāzil2 comedy

هازل hāzil joking, jocose, jocular, funny, humorous, amusing; joker, wag, wit | صحف هازلة (ṣuḥuf) funnies, comics

مهزول mahzūl pl. مهازيل mahāzīl2 emaciated, wasted, haggard, gaunt; weak, feeble

هزم hazama i (hazm) to put to flight, rout, vanquish, defeat (ه the enemy); to put out of action, neutralize (ه an opponent) VII to be defeated, be routed, be put to flight

هزم hazm vanquishing, routing; defeat

هزيم hazīma roll of thunder, rumbling, rumble, thunder; fleeing, fugitive, in flight, on the run

هزيمة hazīma pl. هزائم hazā’im2 defeat, rout | O روح الهزيمة rūḥ al-h. defeatism

انهزام inhizām (suffering of) defeat, frustration; rout, (disorganized) flight

انهزامي inhizāmī pl. -ūn defeatist

انهزامية inhizāmīya defeatism

هزهز hazhaza to move, agitate, shake, jolt, shock, convulse, upset (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) II tahazhaza to be moved, agitated, shaken, convulsed, upset, receive a shock

هزهزة hazhaza pl. هزاهز hazāhiz2 movement, agitation, shock, convulsion, commotion, disturbance

هس hass i (hass) to whisper

هس hass whisper, whispering; soliloquy

هس huss hush! quiet! silence!

هسيس hasīs whisper, whispering sound

هستولوجيا histōlōjiyā histology

هستيريا and هيستيريا histēriyā hysteria

هيستيري histērī hysteric(al)

1 هش hašša i (هشوشة hušūša) to be crisp (bread) -- u i (هشاش hašāš, هشاشة hašāša) to be in good spirits, display a cheerful mien, wear a smile; to smile (ل or ب at s.o.), meet s.o. (ل or ب ) in a courteous, amiable manner, receive s.o. kindly; to cheer up (ل over or because of), be delighted (ل by); -- u to drive away, chase away (هـ flies, and the like); -- u i (hašš) to chop off (على هـ leaves for the cattle) II to cheer up, enliven (ه s.o.), raise s.o.’s (ه ) spirits

هش hašš delicate, fragile; crisp, brittle, crumbly, friable; fresh and soft; gay, cheerful, happy, lively, brisk

هشاش haššāš soft, crumbly, friable

هشيش hašīš soft

هشاشة hašāša gaiety, cheerfulness, happiness

هاش hāšš crisp, blithe, cheerful, bright-faced | هاش باش (bāšš) gay and happy

2 هش hušš hush! quiet! silence!

هشم hašama i (hašm) and II to destroy (هـ s.th.); to smash (هـ s.th.); to crush (هـ s.th.) V and VII to be or get smashed, destroyed

هشيم hašīm frail, fragile; dry stalks, straw, chaff

هاشمي hāšimī Hashemite

مهشم muhaššam destroyed (city); crushed

هصر haṣara i (haṣr) to pull toward o.s., bend down (هـ s.th., e.g., a branch); to produce a crack or break (هـ in), crack, break (هـ s.th.)

هصور haṣūr epithet of the lion

هض haḍḍa u (haḍḍ) to walk fast, move briskly, advance, progress, get on

هضب haḍaba i (haḍb) to be long-winded, verbose

هضبة haḍba pl. هضاب hiḍāb hill, elevation, mountain

هضم haḍama i (haḍm) to digest (هـ the food; of the stomach); to oppress, terrorize, outrage, wrong, treat with injustice (ه s.o.); to stand, bear, endure (ه s.o.); to stomach (هـ s.th.), put up with s.th. (هـ ) VII to be digested VIII to oppress, wrong (ه s.o.), do (ه s.o.) an injustice

هضم haḍm digestion; patience, long-suffering | هضم الجانب forbearance, compliance, indulgence; سهل الهضم sahl al-h. easily digestible, light

هضمي haḍmī digestive, alimentary

هضوم haḍūm digestible, agreeing, wholesome

هضيم haḍīm digested; digestible; oppressed, terrorized, outraged; slender, slim

هضيمة ha4ima encroachment, inroad, injustice, wrong, outrage, oppression

انهضام inhiḍām digestion; digestibility

مهضوم mahḍūm digested; digestible; oppressed, terrorized, outraged

هطع IV to protrude the neck (in walking) | اهطع في العدو (‘adw) to run fast

هطل haṭala i (haṭl, هطلان haṭalān, تهطال tahṭāl) to flow in torrents, fall heavily, pour down (rain) VI do.

هطل hiṭl wolf

هطول huṭūl: هطول الأمطار h. al-amṭār downpour, heavy rain

هيطل haiṭal pl. هياطلة hayāṭila, هياطل hayāṭil2 fox

هف haffa i (هفيف hafīf) to pass swiftly, flit put; to flash; to brush, touch lightly; -- i (haff, hafīf) to blow, whiffle, sough (wind); to spread, waft (fragrance) | هفت نفسه الى (nafsuhū) he yearned for …; هف على باله it occurred to him all of a sudden, it flashed across his mind

هف hiff empty; light, light-headed, thoughtless, frivolous

هفاف haffāf flashing, sparkling, shining; blowing (wind); light, fleeting; thin and transparent, diaphanous

الهفوف al-hufūf Hofuf (chief town of al-Hasa district in E Saudi Arabia)

مهفة mahaffa fan; feather duster

مهفوف mahfūf light-headed, irresponsible, reckless, unscrupulous

هفت hafata i (haft, هفات hufāt) to fall down, collapse; to be nonsensical, absurd; to talk nonsense VI to pounce, rush, fall, plunge (على on or into); to crowd in (على on), throng, flock (على to), tumble one over the other, fall all over themselves; to suffer a breakdown; to cave in, collapse, break down; to be broken, wrecked,

ruined (nerves)

هفتان haftān (eg.) weak, exhausted, spent, weakened

تهافت tahāfut collapse, breakdown | تهافت الأعصاب nervous breakdown

هافت hāfit wrong, erroneous (opinion)

مهفوت mahfūt baffled, startled, perplexed

الهافر look up alphabetically

هفهف hafhafa to be slender, slim; to float in the air II tahafhafa to be slender, slim

هفهفة hafhafa sough, whispering of the wind

هفهاف hafhāf slender, slim, svelte; slight, frail, delicate; thin, sparse (e.g., beard); diaphanous, transparent, gossamery; light, weightless, defying gravity; flowing, waving, fluttering

مهفهف muhafhif slender, slim, svelte; thin

هفا ( (هفو ) hafā u (hafw, هفوة hafwa, هفوان hafawan) to slip, commit a lapse, make a mistake; to err; to be weak with hunger, famished, starved; to hurry, rush (الى to); to reach quickly (الى for s.th.), snatch (الى at s.th.); with ب : to induce s.o. (الى to), tempt s.o. to do s.th. (الى); (هفو hafw, hufuw) to flutter, fly, float in the air; to throb violently, beat feverishly, flutter, be passionately excited, be impassioned (heart; esp., with love); to feel a desire, yearn (الى for)

هفوة hafwa pl. hafawāt slip, lapse, error, mistake, fault, offense, sin

هاف hāfin famished, starved

هكتار hiktār pl. -āt hectare

هكذا hākadā so, thus, this way, in this manner

هيكل look up alphabetically

هكم V to be dilapidated, ramshackle, tumble-down, to fall down, collapse; to mock, scoff; to make fun (ب or على or ه of s.o.), ridicule, deride, jeer (ب, على, ه s.o.); to be annoyed (على by), regret (على s.th.)

اهكومة uhkūma derision, mockery, taunt, gibe

تهكم tahakkum mockery, derision, scorn, irony; sarcasm

تهكمي tahakkumī mocking, derisive, sarcastic, scornful

متهكم mutahakkim mocking, ironical

1 هل hal interrogative particle introducing direct and indirect question; also preceding the first part of an alternative question: هل -- أم hal -- am whether -- or

هلا hallā = هل لا is (or does) not ...? why not?

2 هل halla i (hall) to appear, come up, show (new moon); to begin, let in (month) II to say the words lā ilāha illā llāh; to shout with joy, rejoice, exult, jubilate; to applaud, acclaim, cheer (ل s.o.) IV to appear (new moon); to cheer, exult; to offer up (ل ب an animal to a deity) V to shine, gleam, glow, be radiant; to beam with joy (face); to be delighted, jubilant; to cheer. rejoice, exult, jubilate VII to fall heavily, pour down (rain); to begin (في with), take up, undertake, tackle, attack (في s.th.), embark (في upon) X to begin, set in (new month); to raise one’s voice; to intone, strike up (هـ a tune); to begin, start (هـ a task); to open, begin, introduce, initiate (ب هـ s.th. with or by)

هلال hilāl pl. اهلة ahilla, اهاليل ahālīl2 new moon; half-moon, crescent; parenthesis; any crescent-shaped object

هلالي hilālī lunar; crescent-shaped, lunate, sickle-shaped

هلل halal fright, terror, dismay

تهليل tahlīl pl. تهاليل tahālīl2 utterance of the formula lā ilāha illā llāh; rejoicing, exultation, jubilation; applause, acclamation, acclaim, cheering, cheers

تهلل tahallul joy, jubilation, exultation

استهلال istihlāl beginning, opening, introduction, initiation

استهلالي istihlālī incipient, initial, starting, opening, introductory, initiative

مهلل muhallal crescent-shaped, lunate

متهلل mutahallil jubilant, rejoicing, exultant; radiant, beaming

مستهل mustahall beginning, start, outset

هلب haliba a (halab) to be hairy, covered with hair

هلب halib hairy, covered with hair; shaggy, hirsute

هلب hulb (coll.; n. un. ة ) hair, bristles

هلب hilb pl. اهلاب ahlāb anchor, grapnel, grappling iron, boat hook

اهلب ahlab2, f. هلباء halbā’2, pl. هلب hulb hairy, hirsute, shaggy

هلابة hulāba lochia (med.)

مهلبية muhallabīya a dessert resembling blancmange, made of rice flour, milk and sugar

هليلج halīlaj and اهليلج ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse (geom.)

اهليلجي ihlīlajī elliptic(al)

1 هلس halasa i (hals) to emaciate, consume, waste away (ه s.o.; of a disease); pass. hulisa to be consumptive, suffer from pulmonary tuberculosis II to waste away, become lean, emaciated, haggard; to talk nonsense IV to smile

هلس hals emaciation, wasting away; pulmonary tuberculosis, consumption, phthisis; nonsense, bosh, silly talk

2 هلوسة look up alphabetically

هلسنكي helsinkī Helsinki (capital of Finland)

هلع hali‘a a (hala‘) to be impatient or restless, be anxious, be in despair

هلع hala‘ impatience, restlessness, uneasiness; fear, burning anxiety; alarm, dismay

هلع hal‘ impatient, restless, uneasy, anxious; dismayed, appalled

هلوع halū‘ impatient, restless, uneasy, anxious; dismayed, appalled

هلوف hillauf bearded; bristly

هلقم halqama to gulp down, devour (هـ s.th.)

هلك halaka i (halk, hulk, هلاك halāk, تهلكة tahluka) to perish; to die; to be annihilated, wiped out, destroyed II and IV to ruin, destroy (هـ s.th.) | اهلك الحرث والنسل (hart, nasl) to destroy lock, stock and barrel VI to exert o.s., do one’s utmost (في in); to pounce, fall, throw o.s. (على upon); to fight desperately (على for); to covet, crave (على s.th.); to feel enthusiasm (على for), devote o.s. eagerly (على to), go all out (على for); to become languid, tired, weak; to drop in utter exhaustion (على on); to break down, collapse VII and VIII to risk danger, imperil o.s., act desperately X to exert o.s., do one’s utmost (في in); to waste, squander, spend, exhaust, use up, consume (هـ s.th.); to discharge, pay off, amortize (هـ a debt); pass. ustuhlika to perish, die

هلك hulk death; destruction, ruin

هلكة halka, halaka total loss, ruin, destruction; disaster; jeopardy, perilous situation, danger

هلاك halāk total loss, ruin, destruction; perdition, eternal damnation

مهلكة mahlaka. mahluka. mahlika pl. مهالك mahālik2 dangerous place, danger spot; dangerous situation; danger, peril

تهلكة tahluka ruin; jeopardy, perilous situation, danger

تهالك tahāluk enthusiasm, zeal, ardor (على for), (vivid) interest (على in); weakness, fatigue, languor

استهلاك istihlāk consumption; attrition, wear and tear; discharge, amortization

استهلاكي istihlākī consumer- (in compounds; e.g., goods, prices, etc.)

هالك hālik pl. هلكى halkā, هلك hullak, هلاك hullāk, هوالك hawālik perishing, dying; dead; mortal, destructible, perishable; doomed to perdition, damned; irretrievably lost, irredeemable

مهلك muhlik destructive, devastating, annihilating, scathing, withering; pernicious, ruinous, dangerous, perilous, deadly, lethal; medium of destruction or extermination

متهالك mutahālik broken down, down-and-out; exhausted

مستهلك mustahlik consumer

مستهلك mustahlak consumption

هللويا hallilūyā hallelujah

1 هلم halumma up! get up! come! now then! come on! onward! forward! (with acc.) out with ...! bring ...! give me (us) ...! | هلمي اليه (halummī) now then, go (f.) quickly to him! هلم بنا (bi-nā) come on! let’s go! وهلم جرا (jarran) and so on, etc.

2 هلم hillam languid, listless, slack, limp

هلام hulām jelly, gelatin

هلامى hulāmī jellylike, gelatinous

تهلين tahlīn Hellenization

هلهل halhala to weave finely (هـ s.th., also a

poem), weave flimsily (هـ s.th.); to wear out (هـ a garment), let it become shabby, threadbare, thin

هلهل halhal fine; thin, flimsy; delicate

هلاهل halāhil fine; thin, flimsy; delicate

هلهولة halhūla pl. هلاهيل halāhil2 (eg.) worn dress, old rag, tatters

مهلهل muhalhal thin, flimsy, gauzelike, diaphanous; finely woven (also, of a poem); worn, shabby, threadbare, tattered, ragged

هلوسة halwasa hallucination; vision

هليكوبتر helikoptar helicopter

هليلج halīlaj and اهليلج ihlīlaj myrobalan, emblic (fruit of Phyllanthus emblica L.; bot.); ellipse (geom.)

اهليلجي ihlīajī elliptic(al)

هليون hilyaun asparagus

1 هم hum they (3rd pers. m. pl. of the pers. pron.)

2 هم hamma u (hamm, مهمة mahamma) to disquiet, make uneasy. fill with anxiety, distress, grieve (ه s.o.); to preoccupy, interest, regard, concern, affect (ه s.o.), be of interest (ه to s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (ه ) mind, be s.o.’s (ه ) concern; to worry, trouble (ه s.o.); to be important, be of importance or consequence (ه to s.o.); -- (hamm) to worry, be concerned (ب about); to have in mind, intend, plan (ب s.th., to do s.th.); to consider (هـ doing s.th.), think of doing s.th. (ه ); to be about, be going (بأن, ب to do s.th.), be on the point of doing s.th. (بأن, ب ), begin to, start doing s.th. (بأن, ب ); to rise, get up IV to grieve, distress, concern, preoccupy, affect, regard (ه s.o.); to be on s.o.’s (ه ) mind, be s.o.’s (ه ) concern; to worry, trouble (ه s.o.); to be of interest (ه to s.o.), interest (ه s.o.); to be important, be of consequence, to matter VIII to be distressed, grieved, worried (ب by); to worry, be concerned (ب about); to concern o.s. (ب , occasionally also ل , with); to feel concern (ب for), take an interest (ب in); to attach importance ( to); to be interested (ب in); to look (ب after); to pay attention (ب to). take notice (ب of), bear in mind (ب s.th.); to go to trouble, go to great lengths (ب ل on behalf of or for s.o. about s.th.); to take care (ب of s.o.), take s.o. (ب ) under one’s wing, help, assist (ب s.o.); to provide (ب for); to be anxious or solicitous (ل about)

هم hamm pl. هموم humūm anxiety, concern, solicitude; worry, care; sorrow, grief, affliction, distress; interest; intention, design, plan; important matter; weight, moment, importance, significance, consequence

هم himm pl. اهمام ahmām, f. همة himma, pl. -āt, همائم hamā’im2 decrepit, senile; old man

همة himma pl. همم himam endeavor, ambition, intention, design; resolution, determination; zeal, ardor, eagerness; high-mindedness, high-aiming ambition | بعيد الهمة and عالي الهمة high-aspiring, having far-reaching aims; high-minded

همام hammām careworn, worried; anxious, solicitous; eager, active, energetic

همام humām pl. همام himām high-minded; generous, magnanimous; heroic, gallant

اهم ahamm2 more important, of greater importance

اهمية ahammīya importance, significance, consequence; interest | عديم الأهمية unimportant; علق اهمية على (‘allaqa) to attach importance to; كان من الأهمية بمكان عظيم (makānin) to be of the greatest importance

مهمة mahamma pl. مهام mahāmm2 important matter; task, function, duty; commission, assignment, mission | مهام الأمور important matters; مهام المنصب m. al-manṣib official duties, official functions

تهميم tahmīm lulling a baby to sleep by singing

تهميمة tahmīma lullaby

اهتمام ihtimām pl. -at concern, interest; anxiety; solicitude; care; attention; endeavor, ambition

هام hāmm important, significant, momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave, serious; interesting

هامة hāmma pl. هوام hawāmm2 vermin; past; reptile; see also under هموم

مهموم mahmūm concerned, worried, anxious, distressed, grieved, sorrowful; preoccupied; interested

مهم muhimm important, significant, momentous, weighty, ponderous, grave, serious; interesting

مهمة muhimma pl. -āt important matter; pl. requirements, exigencies; equipment, material(s); stores, supplies, provisions | مهمات حربية (ḥarbīya) war material; O مهمات متحركة (mutaḥarrika) rolling stock

مهتم muhtamm interested (ب in); concerned, anxious, solicitous (ب about); attentive (ب to), mindful (ب of)

مهتمات muhtammāt tasks, functions, duties

هما humā both of them (3rd pers. dual of the pers. pron.); see also همو

همايون humāyūnī imperial

همج hamija a (hamaj) to he hungry

همج hamai (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اهماج ahmāj small flies, gnats; riffraff, rabble, ragtag; savages, barbarians

همج hamaj hunger | همج هامج ravenous hunger, voracious appetite

همجي hamajī uncivilized, savage; rude; barbaric, barbarous; a savage, barbarian

همجية hamajīya savageness, savagery; rudeness; barbarism

همد hamada u (همود humūd) to abate, subside, let up, calm down, die away, fade away, die down, cool off; to become smaller, shrink II and IV to quiet, calm, still, appease, placate, soothe, mitigate, alleviate, allay, stifle, quell, suppress, put out, extinguish (هـ s.th.)

همود humūd extinction; cooling off (of a passion, and the like); lull; fatigue, exhaustion, tiredness; motionlessness, torpor; stiffness, rigidity, rigor; death

هامد hāmid calm, quiet, still, extinct; lifeless; rigid, stiff (corpse)

همر hamara u i (hamr) to pour out, shed (هـ s.th., water, tears) VII to be poured out, be shed; to pour down (rain), flow (tears)

همرة hamra shower of rain; growl(ing), snarl(ing)

همز hamaza u i (hamz) to prick; to drive, urge on, prod, goad on (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to spur (هـ one’s horse); (gram.) to provide with hamza (هـ a letter or word)

همز hamz spurring, goading, prodding, urging, pressing; beating, striking, kicking; backbiting, slander | همز لمز (lamz) innuendoes, defamatory insinuations; taunts, gibes, sneers

همز hamz glottal stop before or after a vowel (phon.)

همزة hamza pl. hamazāt hamza, the character designating the glottal stop: ء (gram.) | همزة القطع h. al-qaṭ‘ disjunctive hamza (gram.); همزة الوصل h. al-waṣl conjunctive hamza (gram.); همزة الوصل بين the (connecting) link between ...

هماز hammāz slanderer, backbiter

مهمز mihmaz pl. مهامز mahāmiz2 spur; goad

مهماز mihmāz pl. مهاميز mahāmīz2 spur; goad

همس hamasa i (hams) to mumble, mutter; to whisper (ب s.th., الى to s.o.) | همس في اذنه (fī wajhihī) to whisper in s.o.’s ear VI to whisper together, exchange whispered remarks

همس hams mutter(ing), mumble; whisper(ing)

همسة hamsa pianissimo of a singer; whisper; pl. همسات hamasāt whispering, whispers

هوامس hawāmis2 mumbled or whispered words

همش hamaša u (hamš) to bite (ه s.o.)

هامش hāmiš margin (of a bock, page, etc.) | على هامش on the periphery of ..., on the side lines of ..., aside from, in connection with ..., on the occasion of ..., apropos of | على هامش الأخبار sidenotes of the news (title of a BBC news commentary)

هامشي hāmišī marginal

همع hama‘a a u to shed tears (eye); to stream, flow, well

همك hamaka u (hamk) to urge, press (في ه s.o. to do s.th.) VII to be engrossed, be completely engaged (في in s.th.), be dedicated (في to), give o.s. up, abandon o.s. wholeheartedly (في to, also على ), be loot, become absorbed (في in), be completely taken up, be preoccupied (في with)

انهماك inhimāk wholehearted dedication, abandon, engrossment, exclusive occupation, absorption; preoccupation

منهمك munhamik engrossed, absorbed, loot (في in), taken up, preoccupied (في with); given, addicted (في to); dedicated (في to)

همل hamala u i (haml, هملان hamalān, همول humūl) to be bathed in tears, shed tears (eye) IV to neglect (هـ s.th.); to omit, leave out (هـ s.th.); to disregard, fail to consider or notice, overlook, forget (هـ s.th.); to cease to use, disuse (هـ s.th.); to leave unpointed, provide with no diacritical points (هـ a consonant; gram.) VI to be careless, negligent, remiss, lazy VII to be bathed in tears, shed tears (eye); to pour down (rain)

همل hamal left to o.s., to one’s own devices, left alone; left untended (cattle); neglected, disregarded

اهمال ihmāl negligence; neglect; dereliction of duty; carelessness, heedlessness, inattention; nonobservance, disregard, nonconsideration

هامل hāmil pl. همل hummal roving, roaming; vagabond, tramp

مهمل muhmil negligent, neglectful, remiss; careless, heedless, inattentive, slovenly

مهمل muhmal neglected; omitted; disregarded, not taken into account; obsolete, antiquated; lacking, devoid of, not provided with; without diacritical points, unpointed (gram.); المهملات deadletter office | مهمل الإمضاء without signature, unsigned; رسالة مهملة dead (i.e., undeliverable) letter; سلة المهملات sallat al-m. wastebasket; كمية مهملة (kammīya) negligible quantity

هملج hamlaja to amble (horse)

هملاج himlāj pl. هماليج hamālīj2 ambler, ambling horse

همهم hamhama to say “hmm”; to mumble, mutter; to grumble; to growl, snarl; to hum, buzz, drone

همهمة hamhama pl. -āt, هماهم hamāhim2 an inarticulate utterance (“hmm, hmm”),e.g., to express astonishment, and the like; mumble, mutter(ing)j hum, buzz, drone (also. e.g., of an airplane); growl, snarl

هما (همو ) hamā u (hamw) to flow; to pour forth; see also alphabetically

1 هن hanna , to weep, sigh; to long, yearn (الى for)

2 هن hunna they (3rd pers. f. pl. of the pers. pron.)

1 هنة hana see under هنو

هنا hunā and ههنا hāhunā here, over here, in this place; hūnā (with foll. verb) there, then, now, by now, at this point | الى هنا or لهنا here, over here, to this place; up to here, so far, up to this point, up to this amount; من هنا from here; of this, hereof, from this, hence; for this reason, therefore; by this, hereby; هنا وهناك here and there

هناك hunāka and هنالك hunālika there, over there, in that place; there is (are) | هناك قول مأثور (qaul) there is a proverb; الى هناك there, over there, to that place; من هناك from there, from that place; ماذا هنالك what’s up? what’s the matter?

2 هنأ hana’a u a i (هنء han’, hin’, هناء hanā’) to be beneficial, wholesome, healthful, salutary, salubrious (ل or ه to s.o.), do s.o. (ل or ه ) good; -- هنئ hani’a a (هنأ hana’) to he delighted (ب with), take pleasure (ب in), enjoy (ب s.th.) II to congratulate, felicitate (على or ب ه s.o. on or on the occasion of); to make happy, gladden, delight (ه s.o.) V to enjoy, savor (ب s.th.), take pleasure (ب in)

هناء hanā’ and هناءة hanā’a happiness, bliss; good health, well-being; congratulation, felicitation

هناء hinā’ tar

هنيء hanī’ healthful, salutary, salubrious, wholesome, beneficial; pleasant, agreeable; easy, smooth, comfortable | هنيئا لك or هنيئا مريئا hanī’an marī’an approx.: may it do you much good! I hope you will enjoy it (i.e., food)!

تهنئة tahni’a pl. تهانئ tahāni’2 congratulation, felicitation

هانئ hāni’ happy, delighted, glad; servant; هانئة hāni’a servant girl, maid

مهنئ muhanni’ congratulator, well-wisher

الهند al-hind India; the (East) Indians | الهند البريطانية British India; الهند الصينية (ṣīnīya)

Indochina; الهند الشرقية (šarqīya) East India; جزر الهند الغربية juzur al-h. al-garbīya the Caribbean Islands, the West Indies

هندي hindī Indian; (pl. هنود hunūd) an Indian | المحيط الهندي (muḥīṭ) the Indian Ocean; الهنود الحمر (ḥumr) the American Indians

مهند muhannad sword made of Indian steel

هندب hindab, هندباء hindibā’ wild chicory, endive (bot.)

هنداز hindāz measure

هندازة hindāza cubit (Eg., = 65.6 cm)

هندسة handasa engineering; mechanical engineering; architecture, architectural engineering; army engineering; geometry; geodesy, surveying | علم الهندسة ‘ilm al-h. geometry; هندسة الري h. ar-riyy irrigation engineering; الهندسة الزراعية (zirā‘īya) agronomy; الهندسة السطحية (saṭḥīya) plane geometry, planimetry; الهندسة الفراغية (farāgīya) solid geometry, stereometry; هندسة المدن h. al-mudun town planning; الهندسة المعمارية (mi‘mārīya) architecture; هندسة الميدان h. al-maidān combat engineering; الهندسة الكهربائية (kahrabā’īya) electrotechnics, electrical engineering; هندسة اللاسلكي h. al-lā-silkī radio engineering; الهندسة المدنية (madanīya) civil engineering; الهندسة الميكانيكية mechanical engineering

هندسي handasī technical, technological; geometrical; of or relative to mechanical engineering; engineering, industrial | فرقة هندسية (firqa) corps of engineers; القوات الهندسية (qūwāt) corps of engineers; the engineers (mil.)

هنداسة hindāsa = هندازة , see above

مهندس muhandis architect; engineer; technician | مهندس زراعي (zirā‘ī) agricultural engineer; مهندس عسكري (‘askarī) army engineer; مهندس كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) electrotechnician, electrical engineer; مهندس معماري (mi‘mārī) architect

هندم handama to order, array, adjust (هـ s.th.); to make smart, neat, trim; to dress up, spruce up (ه s.o.)

هندمة handama harmony; orderliness, tidiness, neatness, trimness

هندام hindām harmony; orderliness, tidiness, neatness, trimness; attire, dress, garb | اصلح هندامه to adjust one’s clothes; to dress, dress up

مهندم muhandam well-ordered, well-arrayed; orderly, tidy, neat; trim, smart; well-dressed; made to measure, tailor-made (suit)

هنشير hanšīr pl. هناشير hanāšīr2 (tun.) country estate

هنغاري hungārī Hungarian (adj. and n.)

هنف II to hurry, hasten, rush III and VI to laugh contemptuously, sneer; to sob, whimper

هناك and هنالك see1 هنا

1 هنم hanam dried dates

2 هانم look up alphabetically

هنيهة hunaiha a little while; hunaihatan for a little while

هنهن hanhana to lull to sleep with a song (ل a baby)

هنهونة hanhūna lullaby

هنة hana pl. -āt, هنوات hanawāt thing; s.th. unimportant, trifle, bagatelle; blemish, defect, fault, flaw

هنو hinw time

هني hanīy (= هنيء ) wholesome, delicious

هه hih (interj.) oh! alas! woe! (also derogatorily) oh, come now!

ههنا see1 هنا

1 هو huwa he; it (3rd pers. m. sing. of the pers. pron.); God; هوذا see ذا

هوية huwīya essence, nature; coessentiality, consubstantiality; identity; identity card (= بطاقة الهوية, تذكرة الهوية) | اوراق الهوية aurāq al-h. identification papers, credentials; تذكرة الهوية tadkirat al-h. (ir., syr.) identity card; عرف هويته (‘urifa) to be identified

2 هوة hūwa see هوى

هوتة hauta, hūta pl. هوت huwat depression in the ground; chasm, abyss

هوج hawaj folly, light-headedness, rashness, thoughtlessness

اهوج ahwaj2, f. هوجاء haujā’2, pl. هوج hūj reckless; impatient, rash, thoughtless, harebrained, precipitate, hasty, foolhardy; violent, vehement, frantic

هوجاء haujā’ pl. هوج hūj hurricane, tornado, cyclone

هاد ( (هود ) hāda u (haud) to be a Jew II to proceed Ilowly; to intoxicate, inebriate (ه s.o.; of wine); to make Jewish (ه s.o.) III to be indulgent, forbearing, conciliatory, considerate, complaisant, obliging (ه to s.o.); to avoid, shun (ه s.o.), stay out of s.o.’s (ه ) way V to become a Jew or Jewish

الهود al-hūd the Jews, the Jewry

هوادة hawāda forbearance, indulgence, consideration, complaisance, obligingness; clemency, leniency, gentle-heartedness; relaxation, mitigation (of laws)

تهويد tahwīd Judaization

مهاودة muhāwada complaisance, obligingness, indulgence, consideration | مهاودة الأسعار low pricing

متهود mutahawwid Judaized, under Jewish influence or control

متهاود mutahāwid moderate (price)

هودج see هدج

هوذا see ذا

هار (هور ) hāra u (haur, هؤور hu’ūr) to be destroyed, crash down, fall down, collapse; -- (haur) to pull down, topple, wreck, demolish, destroy (هـ s.th., esp., a building); to bring down, throw to the ground (ه s.o.) II to endanger, imperil, jeopardize, expose to danger (ه s.o.); to bring down, throw to the ground (ه s.o.) V to be destroyed, crash down, fall down, collapse; to rush headlong into danger; to be light-headed, careless, irresponsible; to elapse, pass, go by (time) VII to be demolished or torn down; to crash down, fall down, collapse; to fall apart (line of argument)

هور haur pl. اهوار ahwār lake

هورة haura pl. -āt danger, peril

هواري hawārī pl. هوارة hawwāra volunteer; O short-term soldier, irregular; الهوارة irregular troops

هير hayyir rash, precipitate, thoughtless, ill-considered, imprudent

تهور tahawwur light-headedness, carelessness, irresponsibility; hastiness, rashness, precipitance

انهيار inhiyār crash, fall, downfall; collapse, breakdown

متهور mutahawwir rash, hasty, precipitate; frivolous, thoughtless; lightheaded, careless, irresponsible, reckless; foolhardy, daredevil

هورمون hormōn hormone

1 هوس hawisa a (hawas) to be baffled, startled, perplexed; to be utterly confused, be at a complete 1088, be at one’s wit’s end II to baffle, startle, perplex, confuse, bewilder, confound (ه s.o.); to delude, beguile, befool, infatuate, dazzle, blind (ه s.o.); to craze, drive crazy, render insane (ه s.o.) V to be beguiled, befooled, infatuated, dazzled, lose one’s head; to abandon o.s. completely; to be a fantast, a visionary VII to be beguiled, befooled, infatuated, dazzled

هوس hawas foolishness, folly, craze, madness; dreaminess, visionariness, rapture, ecstasy; wild fancy, fantasy; raving madness, frenzy; infatuation, blindness, delusion

هوس hawīs thought, idea, concept, notion

هويس hawīs and هاويس hāwīs pl. اهوسة ahwisa (eg.) look, canal lock

اهوس ahwas2 foolish, crazy, mad; dazzled, blind, infatuated

مهووس mahwūs (religious) visionary

مهوس muhawwas foolish, crazy, mad; dazzled, blind, infatuated

متهوس mutahawwis pl. -ūn fantast, visionary

2 هوسة hausa clamor, shouting, uproar

هوش hawiša a (hawaš) and هاش hāša u (hauš) to be excited, be in a state of commotion II to excite, agitate, unsettle (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to rouse, incite, stir up, inflame (هـ the mob); to sick (على هـ a dog on), set, incite (على ه s.o. against); to exert a disturbing influence (على on) III to annoy by its barking (ه s.o.; of a dog) V to get tumultuous, get excited, run riot

هوشة hauša excitement, agitation, commotion, riot, uproar, ruckus, rumpus, row, fracas; turmoil, tumult

تهويش tahwīš excitation, agitation; incitement, instigation

مهوش muhawwaš exciting; troublemaker, agitator, rabble rouser

هاع ( (هوع ) hā‘a u a (hau‘) to vomit, throw up; to retch II to make (ه s.o.) vomit V= I

1 هاك hāka see ها

2 هوكي hokī hookey | هوكي الانزلاق ice hockey

هال (هول ) hāla u (haul) to frighten, scare, terrify, appall, horrify, strike with terror (ه s.o.) II to alarm, dismay, frighten, terrify, horrify, fill with horror (ه s.o.); to threaten, menace, scare (ب على s.o. with); to wield menacingly (ب a stick); to picture (هـ s.th.) as a terrible thing, mike (هـ s.th.) appear terrible; to exaggerate, overemphasize (هـ or منعن s.th.), make much ado, make a great fuss (من about) X to deem significant (هـ s.th.); to consider terrific, appalling, tremendous (هـ s.th.); to be horrified (هـ at), be appalled, be staggered (هـ by)

هول haul pl. اهوال ahwāl, هؤول hu’ūl terror, fright, alarm, shook, horror, dismay; power | ابو الهول abū l-h. the Sphinx; يا للهول yā la-l-haul oh, how terrible!

هولة haula a terrifying thing, a fright; object of rear or terror

هال hāl mirage, fata morgana; cardamom (spice)

هالة hāla pl. -āt halo (around moon or sun, also, e.g., of a saint); ring around the eye; nimbus, aureole, glory

تهويل tahwīl pl. -āt, تهاويل tahāwīl2 frightening, soaring, alarming, intimidation, cowing, browbeating; exaggeration; nightmare, phantom, bugbear, bogey, bugaboo; pl. تهاويل embellishments, ornamental flourishes; pleasant visions

هائل hā’il dreadful, frightful, terrible, horrible, appalling, ghastly, awful; huge, vast, formidable, gigantic, prodigious, tremendous, stupendous; extraordinary, enormous, fabulous, amazing, astonishing, surprising; grim, hard, fierce (battle, fight)

مهول muhawwil terrible, dreadful

هولاندا holandā or هولانده holanda Holland

هولاندي holandī Dutch, Hollandish; (pl. -ūn) Dutchman, Hollander

هوليوود Hollywood

هوم II to nod drowsily (head of s.o. falling asleep); to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap V to doze off, fall asleep; to doze, nap

هامة hāma pl. -āt, هام hām head; crown, vertex; top, summit; see also under همّ

1 هان ( (هون ) hāna u (haun) to be or become easy (على for s.o.), be of little importance (على to); هان عليه ان to attach no importance to the fact that ..., care little that ...; -- (hūn, هوان hawān, مهانة mahāna) to be or become despicable, contemptible II to make easy, ease, facilitate (على هـ s.th. for s.o.); to represent or picture (هـ s.th., على to s.o.) as easy or as of little importance; to make light (هـ or من of), belittle, minimize, deride, flout, disparage (هـ or من s.th.) | هون عليك (hawwin) take it easy! don’t get excited! never mind! IV to despise (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to humble, humiliate, abase, demean, scorn, disdain, slight, treat with contempt or disdain (ه s.o.); to insult (ه s.o.) VI to consider easy (ب s.th.); to think little. make little (ب of), attach little importance (ب to), disdain, despise (ب s.th.); to be negligent, remiss, lax, careless, (في or ب in s.th.), neglect (في or ب s.th.); (with negation) not to fail (في to do s.th.), not to tire (في of doing s.th.) X استهان istahāna and استهون istahwana to consider easy (ب s.th.); to make little (ب of), esteem lightly, disesteem, underrate, undervalue (ب s.th.); to disdain, despise (ب s.th.); to misunderstand, misjudge (ب s.th.) | لا يستهان (yustahānu) not to be sneezed at, not to be overlooked

هون haun ease, leisure, convenience, comfort; easiness, facility; هونا haunan slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly | على هون slowly, gently, leisurely, imperceptibly; على هونك at your convenience

هون hūn disgrace, shame, degradation, abasement

هوان hawān despicableness, lowly, contemptible position; insignificance, negligibleness; degradation. abasement; disgrace, shame, ignominy

هين hayyin, hain pl. -ūn, اهوناء ahwinā’ easy; insignificant, negligible, of little value; inconsiderable; unimportant; plain, simple, homely, modest | هين لين hain lain simple and nice

هينة hīna easiness, facility; convenience, comfort, ease; leisure

هوينا huwainā gentleness, mildness, kindliness; slowness, leisureliness, leisure, ease; الهوينا slowly, gently, leisurely, unhurriedly

اهون ahwan2 f. هوناء haunā’2 easy; comfortable; -- (elative) easier; smaller, less, lesser; of less value, more worthless | ما اهونه (ahwanahū) how small, how worthless it is! اهون الشرين a. aš-šarrain the lesser evil

مهانة mahāna contempt, despicableness; degradation, abasement, humiliation, disgrace, shame

اهانة ahāna insult; affront, contumely, abuse

تهاون tahāwun disesteem, disdain, scorn, neglect; indifference (ب to s.th.)

استهانة istihāna disesteem, disdain, scorn, neglect; contempt

مهين muhīn insulting, abusive, offending; contemptuous, humiliating, disgraceful, ignominious, outrageous

متهاون mutahāwin negligent, remiss, lax, indifferent

مستهين mustahīn disdainer, scorner, despiser

2 هاون look up alphabetically

1 هوى hawā i (huwīy) to drop, fall, tumble, fall down, come down, sink; to topple, tumble down, be upset; to swoop down (predatory bird); to pounce, fall (على upon); to blow (wind); to overthrow (ب s.o. or s.th.) | هوى على رقبتها (raqabatihā) he fell in her arms, he embraced her; هوى بمقامه (maqāmihī) to degrade s.o.; -- hawiya a (هوى hawan) to love (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to become fond (هـ, ه of); to like (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to go in (هـ for a hobby), take up as a hobby (هـ s.th.) II to air, ventilate (هـ a room), expose to the wind or to fresh air (هـ s.th.); to fan the air III to show o.s. complaisant (ه to s.o.), humor (ه s.o.); to flatter (ه s.o.) IV to fall down, drop; to drop (ب s.th.); to pounce, fall (على upon s.o., ب with); to lean, bend (على over); to reach (الى for), grab, grasp (الى at). make for s.th. (الى ); to strive (الى for), aspire (الى to), desire (الى s.th.) | اهوى بيده الى (bi-yadihī) to stretch out one’s hand for, reach out for V to be aired, be ventilated VI to break down, collapse; to plunge down, throw o.s. down VII to fall down, drop; to be thrust down X to attract (ه s.o.); to seduce, tempt (ه s.o.); to entice, lure (ه s.o.); to charm, enchant, fascinate, enrapture, delight, entrance, carry away (ه s.o.)

هوى hawan pl. اهواء ahwā’, هوايا hawāyā love; affection; passion; inclination, liking, bent, wish; desire, longing, craving; fancy, whim, caprice, pleasure; اهواء sects, heretic tendencies | على هواء be convenient to s.o., please s.o.; في الهوى in love; اصحاب الأهواء sectarians, dissenters

هوة hūwa pl. -āt, هوى huwan abyss, chasm; cave, cavern; pit, hole, ditch, trench; (fig.) gulf

هواء hawā’ pl. اهوية ahwiya, اهواء ahwā’ air; atmosphere; wind, draft; weather, climate | الهواء الأصفر (aṣfar) the plague; هواء طلق (ṭalq) open air; fresh air; في الهواء الطلق outdoors, in the open, in fresh air; هواء مضغوط compressed air; سلك الهواء silk al-h. aviation; طلمبة الهواء ṭulumbat al-h. air pump

هوائي hawā’ī airy, breezy; aerial, air- (in compounds), atmospheric(al); pneumatic; O inside (diameter, width); antenna, aerial, سلك هوائي (silk); flighty, whimsical, capricious; ethereal; fantastic | دولاب هوائي wind wheel; O هوائي اطاري (iṭārī) frame antenna; O هوائي طوقي (ṭauqī) loop antenna; O هوائي مرتفع (murtafi‘) elevated antenna; O هوائي مرسل (murtafi‘) transmitting antenna; O هوائي مزدوج (muzdawij) two-wire antenna; O هوائي مستقل (mustaqbil) receiving antenna; O هوائي مفرد (mufrad) single-wire antenna

هواء hawwā’ amateur

هواية hawāya pl. -āt hobby, sport or art cultivated as an amateur; amateurism, amateurship

هواية hawwāya fan; ventilator

اهوى ahwā more desirable, preferable

اهوية uhwiya abyss, chasm, deep, depth

مهوى mahwan, مهواة mahwāh pl. مهاو mahāwin2 abyss, chasm, gulf; place of one’s longing, object of desire; atmosphere

مهواة mihwāh ventilator

تهوية tahwiya airing, ventilation

استهواء istihwā’ fascination, captivation; enchantment; seducement, enticement, temptation; suggestion

هاو hāwin pl. هواة huwāh falling, dropping, sinking; loving, in love; lover; fancier, fan, amateur; dabbler, dilettante

هاوية hāwiya chasm, gulf, abyss, infernal depth, bottomless pit, hell

2 هوية huwīya see1 هو

هي hiya she (3rd pers. sing. f. of the pers. pron.)

هيا hayyā (interj.) up! come on! let’s go! now then!

هاء) هيء ) hā’a i a and هيؤ hayu’a u (هيأة ḥai’a, هياءة hayā’a) to be shapely, well-formed, beautiful to look at, present a handsome appearance; -- a (هيئة hī’a) to desire, crave (الى s.th.) II to make ready, get ready, put in readiness (هـ s.th.); to prepare (هـ s.th.); to fix up, fit up, set up (هـ s.th.); to pave the way (ل for s.o., for s.th.); to arm, mobilize, get in fighting condition (mil.); to put in order, to order, array, arrange (هـ s.th.); to incline, dispose, make inclined (ل ه s.o. to), influence (ل ه s.o. in favor of) | هيأ الأسباب ل (asbāba) to pave the way for ...; هيأ ذاته ل (dātahū) to prepare o.s. (at heart) for ...; هيأ فرصة ملائمة ل (furṣatan mulā’imatan) to offer a good opportunity for III to agree, come to an agreement (في ه with s.o. about); to concur (في ه with s.o. in); to adapt o.s., adjust o.s. (ه to s.o.) V to be prepared, be in readiness, be ready, stand ready (ل for); to be armed, be prepared for war, be in fighting condition (mil.); to prepare o.s., get ready (ل for); to be possible (ل to s.o.); to be well-dressed | تهيأ tahayya’ make ready! (mil. command) VI to adapt themselves to one another, make mutual adjustment; to be in agreement, be agreed

هيئة hai’a pl. -āt form, shape; exterior, appearance, guise, aspect, bearing; air, mien, physiognomy; attitude, position; situation, condition, state; group, (social) class; society, association; body, corporation; organization; board, commission, committee; corps; cadre, skeleton organization | هيئة الأمم المتحدة h. al-umam al-muttaḥida and الهيئة الأممية (umamīya) the United Nations Organization; الهيئة الاجتماعية (ijtimā‘īya) human society; هيئة الإذاعة اللاسلكية h. al-idā‘a al-lā-silkīya broadcasting corporation; هيئة اركان الحرب h. arkān al-ḥarb general staff; هيئة اركان حرب الأسطول (usṭūl) naval staff; هيئة برلمانية (barlamānīya) parliamentary group; هيئة التحكم board of arbitration; jury, committee of judges, committee of umpires (in sports), the referees (in military maneuvers); هيئة التدريس teaching staff; faculty, professoriate (of an academic institution); هيئة حاكمة (حكومية ) (ḥukūmīya) governmental agency, authority; هيئة دبلوماسية diplomatic corps; الهيئة السعدية (sa‘dīya) the Sa’dist Union (formerly, a political group in Egypt); هيئة طبية (ṭibbīya) ambulance corps; هيئة نيابية (niyābīya) representative body, parliamentary body; علم الهيئة ‘ilm al-h. astronomy

هيء hayyi’, هيئ hayī’ good-looking, handsome; shapely

تهيئة tahyi’a preparation; training; adaptation, adjustment, accommodation

مهايأة muhāya’a joint usufruct, use or profit sharing (Isl. Law)

O تهيؤ tahayyu’ military preparations

تهيؤ tahayyu’ (mutual) adaptation, (mutual) adjustment

مهيأ muhayya’ prepared; ready

(هيب) هاب hāba (1st pen. perf. hibtu) a (هيبة haiba, مهابة mahāba) to fear, dread (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be afraid (هـ, ه of); to stand in awe (هـ of), be awed (هـ, ه by); to honor, respect, revere, venerate (ه s.o.) II to make (هـ s.th.) be dreaded (الى by s.o.), make it dreadful to s.o., inspire s.o. (الى ) with awe (هـ of); to make s.th. (هـ ) appear dreadful or awesome (الى to s.o.); to threaten, frighten, intimidate, cow, daunt (على s.o.) IV to call out, shout (ب to s.o.); to call upon s.o. (ب ), appeal (ب to s.o.); to drive, urge, rouse, egg on, encourage (الى ب s.o. to) V = I; to awe, frighten, scare, threaten (ه s.o.) VIII = I

هيبة haiba fear, dread, awe; reverence, veneration, esteem, respect; awe-inspiring appearance, venerableness, gravity, dignity; standing, prestige

هياب hayyāb timid, timorous, shy, diffident; respectful

هيوب hayūb timid, timorous, shy, diffident; respectful; awful, fearful, dreadful; awe-inspiring, awesome, venerable

مهاب mahāb object of reverence and respect

مهابة mahāba dignity

تهيب tahayyub fear, dread; awe

مهوب mahūb and مهيب mahīb dreaded, dreadful, awful

مهيب muhīb awe-inspiring, awesome, venerable; grave, solemn, dignified

متهيب mutahayyib respectful, reverential

هيت II to call (ب s.o.)

هيت haita, هيت لك (laka) come here!

هاج ( (هيج ) hāja i (haij, هيجان hayajān, هياج hiyāj) to be astir or stirred up, be or get excited, agitated; to rise; to awaken, be awakened, spring up (desire); to be in great excitement, be very upset, be furious, indignant (على about, at); to run high, be rough, stormy (sea); -- هاج and II to move, stir, agitate (هـ s.th.); to stir up, excite (هـ s.th.); to disturb, trouble, perturb, disquiet (هـ s.th.); to provoke, incite, stimulate (هـ s.th.); to kindle, ignite, inflame, incense (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ the blood) boil; to awaken, arouse, evoke (هـ e.g., a desire); to bring to light (هـ s.th.); to irritate, inflame (هـ an organ); to drive, urge on, spur on (هـ, ه s.o., s.th., على to); to rouse, start, scare up (هـ a bird) IV = II; V and VIII to be astir, be restive, be in a state of commotion, be disturbed, be excited, be agitated; to be awakened, be (a)roused, be scared up

هيج excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil; dissension, strife; combat, battle

هيجا haijā and هيجاء haijā’ fight, combat, battle, war

هيجان hayajān excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult; outburst of rage, fury, irritation, indignation, bitterness

هياج hiyāj excitement; agitation; commotion, disturbance, turmoil, tumult; outburst of rage, fury, irritation, indignation, bitterness; raging, uproar (of the elements)

تهييج tahyīj excitation, agitation, stimulation; provocation, incitement; instigation; stirring up, fanning; incensement, inflammation; O induction (el.)

تهيج tahayyuj disturbance, commotion, turmoil; excitement, agitation; emotional disturbance; affect (jur.)

هائج hā’ij stirring, astir, agitated, in commotion; rough, heaving (sea, waves); excited, impassioned; angry, furious, enraged | هاج هائجه he became angry, he flew into a rage

مهيج muhayyaj exciting, stirring, rousing, stimulating; provocative, inciting; incendiary, inflammatory; agitator, troublemaker, incendiary, seditionary, rabble rouser; (pl. -āt) a stimulant, an excitant

متهيج mutahayyij and مهتاج muhtāj agitated, upset, excited, impassioned

هيدروجين hīdrōžēn hydrogen

هير II to hurl down, topple, tear down, destroy, demolish (هـ s.th.)

هير hayyir see هور

هيراطيقي hīrāṭīqī hieratic (writing)

هيروغليفي hīroglīfī hieroglyphic

هيروين hīruwīn heroin (chem.)

هاش ( (هيش ) hāša i (haiš) to be agitated, excited

هيش hīš thicket, brush, scrub

هيشة haiša excitement; commotion, turmoil, tumult, riot

هاض (هيض ) hāḍa i: هيض جناحه hīḍa janāḥhū his wing was broken, he wass powerless

هيضة haiḍa summer cholera, cholera morbus; Asiatic cholera

مهيض mahīd broken, shattered | مهيض الجناح m. al-janāḥ broken-winged, helpless, feeble, sapless

هاط ( (هيط ) hāṭa i (haiṭ) to shout, clamor, raise a din, be tumultuous

هيط haiṭ shouting, clamor, din, uproar, ruckus

هياط hiyāṭ shouting, clamor | هياط مياط (miyāṭ) tumultuous uproar, ruckus, wild shouting, tumult

هيطل see هطل

مهيع mahya‘ pl. مهايع mahāyi‘2 broad, paved road

هاف ( (هيف ) hāfa i (haif) to be parched, thirsty; -- a (haif) to run away (slave); -- هيف hayifa and hāfa a (haif, hayaf) to be slim, slender, slight, frail

هيف haif parching wind

هيف hayaf slenderness, slimness

هيوف hayūf burned up with thirst

هيفان haifān2 parched; thirsty

اهيف ahyaf2, f. هيفاء haifā’2, pl. هيف hīf slender, slim; slight, frail, wispy

هيكل haikal pl. هياكل hayākil2 temple; large building, edifice; altar; skeleton; framework (of a structure), frame; chassis (of an automobile); colossal, gigantic, huge

هيكلي haikalī: مناورة هيكلية (munāwara) cadre maneuver, skeleton exercise (mil.)

1 هال ( (هيل ) hāla i (hail) to pour, strew, sprinkle (على s.th. on) II and IV do.; to pile up (هـ sand, earth; said of the wind) VII to be heaped up, be poured in a heap, fall in a heap; to rain down (bombs); to shower (ب على s.o. with), assail (على s.o., ب على s.o. with; instead of ب also accusative of a verbal noun) | انهال عليه ضربا وشتما (ḍarban wa-šatman) he fell upon her with blows and abusive language

هيل hail piled-up sand | الهيل والهيلمان (hailamān) heaps of money, enormous sums

هيلان hayalān sand heap

انهيال inhiyāl, انهيال الأرض inh. al-arḍ landslide

2 هيول hayūl mote, atom

3 هيولى hayūlā, hayyūlā primordial matter; matter; substance

هيولي hayūlī material (adj.)

هيولاني hayulānī material (adj.)

هام ( (هيم ) hāma i (haim, هيمان hayamān) to fall in love (ب with); to be in love (ب with); to be enthusiastic, ecstatic, frantic, beside o.s.; to be in raptures, be crazy (ب about), be gone on (ب ); to roam, rove, wander | هام على وجهه (wajhihī) to wander aimlessly about; هام في وديان (widyān) approx.: he was no longer himself, he was floating in higher regions, he was beside himself, he was out of his senses; هام بأنظاره to let one’s eyes wander; -- (هيام huyām, hiyām) to thirst (ب for) II to confuse, bewilder, puzzle, mystify, mislead (ه s.o.); to infatuate, enchant, captivate, carry away, rob of his senses (ه s.o.; of love) X pass. استهيم ustuhīma to be infatuated, enchanted, captivated, carried away; to be passionately in love

هيام huyām, hiyām passionate love; burning thirst

هيوم hayūm confused, puzzled, baffled, mystified, perplexed

هيمان haimān2, f. هيمى haimā, pl. هيام hiyām, madly in love; very thirsty

هائم hā’im pl. هيم huyyam, هيام huyyām perplexed, mystified, baffled, puzzled, confused; out of one’s senses, beside o.s.; in love, mad with love

مستهام mustahām in love, mad with love

هيمن haimana to say “amen”; to guard (على s.o.), watch (على over s.o.), watch narrowly (على s.o.), keep an eye on (على ); to control (على s.th.)

هيمنة haimana supervision, superintendence, surveillance; control; suzerainty, supremacy, ascendancy, hegemony

مهيمن muhaimin supervising, superintending, controlling; guardian; protector; master (على of s.th., also, e.g., of a situation)

هين and هينة see1 هون

هينم hainama to murmur softly

هيه hīh (interj.) hey! Let’s go! step lively! look alive!

هيهات haihātu, haihāt, haihāti but oh! far from the mark! wrong! what an idea! how preposterous! | هيهات ان it is absolutely out of the question that ...; هيهات ان يفعل كذا how far he is from doing so! هيهات بين هذا وذاك what a difference between them! how different they are! وهيهات لك ذلك and how impossible is this to you!

و

و wa 1. and; and also, and too | ولا واحد not one, not a single one; -- 2. (with foll. acc.) with | واياه wa-iyyāhu with him; لا يتفق ومبادئهم (yattafiqu, mabādi’ahum) it is not in agreement with their principles; -- 3. introducing circumstantial (ḥāl) clauses: while, as, when, whereas | قال وهم يبتسم (he said while he smiled) he said with a smile; جاء والشمس طالعة (šamsu) he arrived at sunrise; -- 4. (with foll. genit.) by (in oaths) | والله by God! – 5. (with foll. genit.) many a, how many | وكأس شربت (ka’sin) many a cup have I emptied! how many cups I have drunk! -- أو a-wa أ

والا wa-illā (and if not), otherwise, else

وإن wa-in even if, even though, although

ولو wa-lau even if, even though, even in case that

ولكن wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter with foll. acc. or pers. suffix) but, however, yet

وا toll (with the foll. noun ending in -āh) oh | وا اسفاه wā-asafāh! oh grief! alas!

وابور (Fr. vapeur; colloq.) wābūr pl. -āt steam engine; steamer, steamship; locomotive, railroad, train; factory, mill; machine, engine, apparatus; hot plate, heater, stove | وابور اكسبريس express train; وابور البضاعة freight train, goods train; وابور الركاب w. ar-rukkāb passenger train; وابور w. ar.ri"" irrigation pump; وابور الزلط w. az-zalaṭ (eg.) steamroller; وابور طارة w. ṭāra paddle steamer; وابور العادة w. al-‘āda local train, accommodation train, way train

وات wāt watt (el.)

واحة wāḥa pl. -āt oasis

وأد wa’ada يئد ya’idu to bury alive (ها a newborn girl) V and VIII اتأد itta’ada to be slow, act or proceed deliberately, tarry, hesitate, temporize (ل in s.th.) | اتأد في مشيتة (mišyatihī) to walk slowly, unhurriedly, saunter

وئيد wa’ād deliberate, unhurried, slow; deliberateness; وئيدا wa’īdan slowly; gradually

تؤدة tu’ada deliberateness, slowness | على تؤدة slowly, deliberately, unhurriedly

متئد mutta’id slow

وأر wa’ara يئر ya’iru (wa’r) to frighten (ه s.o.) X to be frightened, be struck with terror

وارسو warsō Warsaw (capital of Poland)

واشنطون wāšinṭōn Washington

واط wāṭ watt (el.)

واق واق wāqwāq in the description, of Arab geographers, name of two different groups of island (one east of China, the other located in the Indian Ocean)

موئل mau’il refuge, asylum

وأم III to agree, be in agreement (هـ, ه with); to suit (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be suited (هـ, ه to), harmonize (هـ, ه with) VI to agree, tally, humanize

وئام wi’ām agreement; unity, concord, harmony

مواءمة muwā’ama agreement; unity, concord, harmony

واه wāha, واها wāhā (interj.) with ل or ب to express admiration: how wonderful is (are) …! with على to express regret: alas …! too bad for ...!

واو wāw name of the letter و

وئية wa’īya kettle

وبئ wabi’a يوبأ yawba’u (وبأ waba’), وبؤ wabu’a u (وباء wabā’, وباءة wabā’a) and pass. وبئ wubi’a to be plague-stricken, infected, infested, poisoned, contaminated

وبأ waba’ pl. اوباء aubā’ infectious disease; epidemic

وباء wabā’ pl. اوبئة aubi’a infectious disease; epidemic

وبائي wabā’ī infectious, contagious; epidemic(al); pestilential

وبئ wabi’ and وبيء wabī’ infected, poisoned, contaminated, infested; plague-stricken, plague-ridden, plague-infected

موبوء maubū’ poisoned, contaminated, infested; infected, stricken (ب by), affected (ب with)

وبخ II to reprimand, rebuke, censure, reprove, scold, chide (على ه s.o. for)

توبيخ taubīk reproach, reproof, censure; reprimand, rebuke

وبر wabira يوبر yaubaru (wabar) to have abundant hair or wool, be covered with thick hair, be hirsute, hairy

وبر wabr pl. وبور wubūr, وبار wibār, وبارة wibāra daman (Hyrax syriaca: zool.)

وبر wabar pl. اوبار aubār hair, fur of camels and goats (furnishing the material for tents) اهل الوبر ahl al-w. the Bedouins (as distinguished from اهل المدر )

وبر wabir covered with hair, hairy, hirsute

اوبر aubar2 f. وبراء wabrā’ covered with hair, hairy, hirsute

موبر muwabbar hairy, woolly

وبش wabaš trash, rubbish, bosh; pl. اوباش awbāš rabble, riffraff

وبق wabaqa يبق yabiqu and wabiqa يوبق yaubaqu (wabaq, وبوق wubūq, موبق maubiq) to perish, go to ruin, be destroyed IV to ruin (ه s.o.); to debase, humiliate, mortify (ه s.o.)

موبق maubiq place of destruction, of perdition; prison, jail

موبقة mūbiqa pl. -āt grave offence; act of violence, crime; mortal sin

وبل wabala يبل yabilu (wabl) to shed heavy rain (sky); -- wabula يوبل yaubulu (wabal, وبال wabāl, وبالة wabāla, وبول wubūl) to be unhealthy, unwholesome, noxious (climate, air)

وبل wabl downpour

وبال wabāl unhealthiness of the air or climate; evil consequences of a deed; harm, evil, curse

وبيل wabīl unhealthy, unwholesome (climate, food); of evil consequences, hurtful, noxious, calamitous, disastrous, pernicious

وابل wābil heavy downpour; (fig.) hail, shower | امطره وابلا من الرصاص (raṣāṣ) to shower s.o. with a hail of bullets; امطر عليه وابلا من الشتم (šatm) to shower s.o. with a flood of abuse

وبه wabaha, wabiha يوبه yaubahu (wabh) and IV to heed, mind (ل or ب s.o.), pay attention (ل or ب to), take notice (ل or ب of)

وتد II to drive or ram in firmly (هـ a peg or stake); to fix, fasten, secure (هـ s.th.) | وتد في بيته (baitihī) to stay at home

وتد watad, watid pl. اوتاد autād peg, pin; tent pin, tent peg; stake, pole

وتر watara يتر yatiru (watr) to string, provide with a string (هـ the bow); to wrong, harm (ه s.o.), cheat, dupe (ه s.o., هـ out of, with regard to) II to stretch, strain, draw tight, tighten, pull taut (هـ a rope, a musical string, and the like) III to do or perform (هـ s.th.) at intervals, intermittently, with interruptions IV to string, provide with a string (هـ the bow) V to be or become strained, stretched, tight, taut | توترت العلاقات (‘alāqāt) relations were strained VI to follow in uninterrupted succession; to repeat itself, recur

وتر witr uneven, odd (number); وترا singly, one by one, separately

وتري watrī, witrī uneven, odd (number)

وتر watar pl. اوتار autār string (of a bow, of a musical instrument); sinew, tendon (anat.); chord (geom.); hypotenuse (geom.) | ضرب على الوتر الحساس (ḥassās) to touch on a sensitive spot, get to the heart of a matter; وتر صوتي (ṣautī) vocal cord

وترى watarī stringed, string- (in compounds)

وتيرة watīra pl. وتائر watā’ir2 manner, way; mode, fashion; procedure, method; style; tone على هذه الوتيرة in this manner, this way; على وتيرة واحدة in the same manner; uniformly, in unison; استمر على هذه الوتيرة he continued in this tone

تترى tatrā one after the other, one by one, in succession, successively

توتر tawattur tension (also el. = voltage); strain | توتر الأعصاب nervousness, nervous tension; توتر سياسي (siyāsī) political tension

تواتر tawātur succession; repetition, recurrence; frequency, constancy, incessancy, continuance; persistence; frequency (el.) | على تواتر successively, one after the other, in succession

موتور mautūr one who has been wronged by the murder of a relative, hut to whom blood revenge is still denied

متوتر mutawattir stretched, strained, taut, tense, rigid, firm, tight

متواتر mutawātir successive

وتين watīn pl. وتن wutun اوتنة autina aorta

وتى III to come (ه to, upon; of s.th. pleasant), befall (ه s.o.; s.th. pleasant); to be complaisant, obliging (ه toward s.o.), oblige (ه s.o.); to be favorable, propitious (ه to s.o.); to be convenient (ه to s.o.), suit (ه s.o.); to turn out successful, be a success (ه for s.o.); to be suited, suitable (ه to s.o.), become, befit (ه s.o.), go well with (ه ); to agree (ه with; of food)

موات muwātin pleasant, agreeable, pleasing, appealing, engaging, winning, becoming: favorable, propitious

وثأ wata’a يثأ yata’u (وثء wat’ to bruise, contuse (هـ a limb); to wrench, sprain (هـ a limb); -- وثئ wati’a يثأ yata’u (وثأ wata’, وثوء wutū’) and pass. وثئ wuti’a to get bruised, be wrenched, be sprained IV = I wata’a

وثء wat’ contusion, bruise; sprain, wrench

وثاءة watā’a contusion, bruise; sprain, wrench

وثب wataba يثب yatibu (watb, وثوب wutūb, وثيب watīb, وثبان watabān) to jump, leap, spring, bound; to skip, hop, caper; to jump up, start; to jump up and run (الى to); to rush (الى to), make a rush (الى for); to jump, dash (على at s.o.), pounce, fall (على upon s.o.) 11 and IV to make (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) jump, bounce (هـ s.th.) III to pounce, fall (هـ upon s.th.) V to jump up, start; to rush, dash (الى to, at); to hop, skip, bound, leap, jump; to approach eagerly, with enthusiasm, tackle energetically (الى s.th.); to pounce (في, على upon); to awaken, recover, rise VI to jump, leap, spring, hound, make a jump; to be fast, abort, come pantingly (breathing)

وثب wajb jump(ing), leap(ing) | وثب بالزانة (zāna) pole vault(ing); وثب طويل broad jump; وثب عال (‘ālin) high jump; تخطى وثبا من فوق to hurdle over ...

وثبة watba (n. vic.) pl. watabāt jump, leap, bound; attack; daring enterprise, bold undertaking; riae; awakening | وثبة احساسية (iḥsāsīya) impulsive motion

وثاب wattāb given to jumping, bouncy, full of bounce; fiery, hotheaded, impetuous; dashing, daring, enterprising

مواثبة muwātaba prompt assertion of a claim in the presence of witnesses (Isl. Law)

متوثب mutawattib awakening, rising; vigorous, energetic

وثر watura يوثر yauturu (وثارة watāra) to be soft (bed); -- watara يثر yatiru (watr) to make soft, make smooth (هـ s.th., esp., the bed)

وثر watir son, snug, cozy, comfortable (bed, seat); smooth (cloth)

وثير watīr soft, snug, cozy, comfortable (bed, seat); smooth (cloth)

وثار witār soft bed

ميثرة mītara pl. مواثر mawātir2, مياثر mayātir2 saddlecloth, blanket, drape

وثق watiqa يثق yatiqu (ثقة tiqa, وثوق wutūq) to place one’s confidence, put faith (ب in)) rely, depend (ب on), trust (ب in; من ان that), be confident (ب of; من ان that) | يوثق به (yūtaqu) trustworthy, reliable; وثق من النفس to have self-confidence; -- watuqa يوثق yautuqu (وثاقة watāqa) to be firm, solid; to be sure, be certain (من of) II to make firm or solid, strengthen, cement, consolidate (هـ s.th.); to document, authenticate, confirm, certify (هـ s.th.), attest (هـ to), notarize (هـ s.th.), draw up a notarial deed (هـ over); to link firmly, hind closely (بين -- بين s.o. to) III to enter into an agreement, make a treaty (ه with s.o.) | واثق نفسه على (nafsahū) to make a firm resolution on, intend firmly to (do s.th.) IV to tie, fasten (ب ه s.th. to); to hind, tie up, fetter (ب ه s.o. with) V to he firm, consolidated, firmly established; to proceed with confidence, act trustfully (في in s.th.) X to make sure, make certain (من of), check, verify (من s.th.); to have confidence (ه in s.o.), trust (ه s.o.)

ثقة tiqa trust, confidence, faith, reliance | على ثقة trusting (من in), relying (من on), confident, certain, sure (من of); هو على ثقة من انه he is certain that he ...; ثقة بالنصر (naṣr) confidence in victory; ثقة بالنفس or ثقة بنفسه self-confidence, self-reliance; اخو ثقة trustworthy; عدم الثقة ‘adam at-t. distrust, mistrust; طلب عدم الثقة (ṭalab) motion of “no confidence” (parl.); -- tiqa pl. -āt trustworthy, reliable; trustworthy person, trusted agent, informant, reliable authority or source; pl. authorities | O ثقة عسكري (‘askarī) military expert

وثاق watāq, witāq pl. وثق wutuq tie, bond, fetter, shackle, chain (also fig.) | شد وثاقه (šadda) to tie s.o. up. fetter, shackle s.o.

وثاقة watāqa firmness solidity, strength

وثيق watīq pl. وثاق witāq firm, strong, solid; safe, secure, dependable, reliable

وثيقة watīqa pl. وثائق watā’iq2 document, deed, writ, instruments, paper, record, voucher, certificate, receipt, policy; diplomatic note | الوثيقة العظمى (‘uẓmā) the Magna Charta; وثيقة التفويض warrant of attorney (jur.)

اوثق autaq2, وثقي wutqā firmer, stronger

موثق mautiq pl. مواثق mawātiq2 covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact

ميثاق mātāq pl. مواثق mawātiq2 covenant, agreement, contract, treaty, pact, alliance; charter | ميثاق هيئة الأمم المتحدة m. hai’at al-umam al-muttaḥida the Charter of the United Nations; ميثاق عدم الاعتداء m. ‘adam al-i‘tidā’ nonaggression pact

توثيق tautīq consolidation, strengthening, cementation; documentation, authentication, attestation, notarization; functions of a notary public, notariate | توثيق الديون consolidation of debts, specif., consolidation of several government loans into an overall public debt

توثقة tautiqa security, surety, guaranty

وثاق witāq see watāq above

واثق wātiq trusting, confident, certain, sure

موثوق mautūq: موثوق به trustworthy, reliable, dependable; من مصدر موثوق به (maṣdar) from a reliable source

موثق muwattiq pl. -ūn notary public

وثل watal palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp rope

وثيل watīl palm-fiber rope, manila rope, hemp rope

وثن watan pl. وثن wutun, اوثان autān graven image, idol

وثني watanī idolater, pagan, heathen; pagan, idolatrous

وثنية watanīya paganism

وجب wajaba يجب yajibu (وجوب wujūb) to be necessary, requisite, obligatory, indispensable; to be incumbent, imposed, enjoined (على on), be s.o.’s (على ) duty | وجب عليه ان it is his duty to ..., he is in duty hound to ..., he has to …, he must ...; كما يجب as it should be, as it must be, comme il faut; -- (wajb, وجيب wajīb, وجبان wajabān) to throb, beat, palpitate (heart) II to make s.th. (هـ ) s.o.’s (على ) duty, make s.th. (هـ ) incumbent (على on s.o.), impose, enjoin (على هـ s.th. on s.o.), obligate (هـ على s.o. to) IV to make s.th. (هـ ) s.o.’s (على ) duty, make s.th. (هـ ) incumbent (على on), impose, enjoin (على هـ s.th. on s.o.), make necessary, obligatory, binding (على هـ s.th. for s.o.), obligate (على s.o., هـ to); to decide positively (هـ ل s.th. in favor of s.o.), adjudge, adjudicate, award, grant (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.) X to deserve, merit (هـ s.th.), be worthy (هـ of); to be entitled, have a title (هـ to), have a claim (هـ on); to deem necessary or obligatory (هـ s.th.) | عمل يستوجب الشكر (šukra) an act deserving of thanks, a meritorious undertaking

وجبة wajba pl. wajabāt meal, repast; menu (syr.) | وجبة الطعام w. aṭ-ṭa’ām meal, repast; وجبة ناشفة dry rations, emergency ration (approx.: D ration; mil.)

ايجاب ījāb obligation, liability, commitment; affirmation; confirmation, assertion; consent, assent; positive reaction, compliance; offer of contract, offer (jur.) | ايجابا ل in conformity with, in accordance with, according to, in pursuance of; محل الإيجاب maḥall al-i. competent authority; مراجع الإيجاب the competent authorities; رد (اجاب) بالإيجاب to answer in the affirmative, say yes

ايجابي ījābī positive; affirmative; active (defense)

ايجابية ījābīya positivism

واجب wājib necessary, requisite, essential, indispensable, inevitable, unavoidable, inescapable; incumbent, imperative, binding, obligatory; proper, adequate, fair; -- (pl. -āt, وجائب wajā’ib2) duty, obligation; incumbency; requirement, exigency, necessity; task, assignment | واجب عليك it is your duty; يرى من واجبه he considers it his duty; بالواجب obligatorily; dutifully, duly; deservedly; واجب العرض w. al-‘arḍ suitable for presentation (petition, application); واجبات منزلية (manzilīya) homework (of a student)

موجوب maujūb moral obligation, dictate, injunction

موجب mūjib obligating, necessitating, requiring, inducing, motivating, causing; (pl. -āt) cause, reason, motive; need, exigency, requirement, necessity; matter of decorum, formality | بموجب or على موجب according to, in accordance with; on the basis of, on account of; by virtue of, on the strength of; لا موجب ل (mujiba) there is no reason for ..., one need not ...

موجبة mūjiba cause, reason, motive, deed entailing certain inevitable consequences

موجب mūjab necessary, requisite, obligatory, made binding; effect, consequence; affirmative (gram.); positive (also, e.g., el.)

موجبة mujaba affirmative sentence

مستوجب mustaujib deserving, worthy

وجد wajada يجد yajidu (وجود wujūd) to find (هـ s.th.); to hit upon s.th. (هـ ), come across s.th. (هـ ), meet with s.th. (هـ ); to get, obtain (هـ s.th.); to invent, make up (هـ هـ s.th. as); to find (good, bad) (هـ s.th.); pass. wujida (وجود wujūd): to be found, be there, exist; to be; يوجد yūjadu there is (are); -- (wajd) to experience, feel, sense (هـ affections, afflictions); to suffer, be in a state of painful agitation; to love (ب s.o.), be impassioned (ب by), long ardently, languish (ب for); -- i u (wajd) to be angry (على with), have a grudge (على against) IV to produce, evoke, provoke. engender, bring into being, originate, cause, bring about (هـ s.th.); to create, make (هـ s.th.); to achieve, accomplish, effect (هـ s.th.); to invent (هـ s.th.); to let (ه s.o.) find or obtain (هـ s.th.), get, procure (هـ ه for s.o., s.th.), furnish, supply (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.); to force, compel (على ه s.o. to) V to be passionately in love (ب with); to grieve (g or ب for) VI to show up, turn up, come; to exist, be existent, be there, be available; to affect passion

وجد wajd strong emotion, emotional upset; passion, ardor; ecstasy of love

وجدان wijdān passionate excitement; ecstasy; emotional life, psychic forces; feeling, sentiment

وجداني wijdānī emotional; psychic, mental; sentimental

وجود wujūd finding, discovery; being; existence; presence; whereabouts; stay, visit

وجودي wujūdī existential; existentialist | الفلسفة الوجودية (falsafa) existentialism

موجدة maujida feeling, emotion, passion, excitement; anger, grudge, resentment, ill will

ايجاد ījād creation, procreation, production, origination; procuring, procurement, furnishing, supply; calculation, computation, evaluation

واجد wājid finding; finder; agitated, excited, upset, worried (على about); in love (ب with)

موجود maujūd found; available, on hand, existing, existent; present; living being, creature; stock, store, supply; pl. -āt everything in existence, the creation; (com.) assets, stocks

موجد mūjid originator, author, creator

وجر wajr pl. اوجار aujār cave, cavern, grotto; den, lair, habitation

وجرة wajra, wajara pitfall

وجار wijār pl. اوجرة aujira cave (of wild animals), den, lair, burrow

ميجار mījār pl. مواجير mawājīr2 bat; racket; earthen kneading trough

وجز wajaza يجز yajizu and wajuza يوجز yaujuzu (wajz, وجازة wajāza, وجوز wajūz) to be brief, succinct, terse, concise, summary IV to be concise, terse; to be brief, succinct (في or هـ in); to abridge, summarize, epitomize (هـ s.th.), make it short

وجز wajz short, brief, succinct; terse, concise, summary, compendious

وجيز wajīz short, brief, succinct; terse, concise, summary, compendious | بوجيز العبارة briefly stated, in a few words, reduced to its essentials, in a nutshell

ايجاز ījāz shortness, brevity, succinctness; conciseness, terseness; abridgment | ايجازا or بالإيجاز in short, briefly, concisely; واليكها بالإيجاز (ilaikahā) the matter is, briefly, as follows

موجز mūjaz summarized; concise, terse; abstract, epitome; outline, brief sketch; summary, résumé

وجس wajasa يجس yajisu (wajs, وجسان wajasān) to be apprehensive, be afraid, be worried, be seized with fear IV to have presentiments, forebodings, apprehensions; to have a presentiment (هـ of), fear (هـ s.th.), be afraid, apprehensive, in dread (هـ of); to feel, sense, realize (هـ s.th.), be aware (هـ of) | اوجس خيفة (kīfatan) to have a sensation of`fear; اوجس فيه الملل (malala) to feel that s.o. is bored, sense s.o.’s boredom V = IV; to listen anxiously, apprehensively (هـ to); to taste, nibble, sip (هـ of s.th.) | توجس شرا من (šarran) to regard s.th. as an evil omen

وجس wajs fear, apprehension, anxiety, concern, uneasiness

توجس tawajjus timorousness, timidity, apprehensiveness

واجس wājis disquieting thought, foreboding, evil premonition

وجع waji‘a يوجع yauja‘u (waja‘) to feel pain, be in pain; to hurt, pain (ه s.o.) IV to

cause pain (ه to s.o.); to pain. hurt (ه s.o.) V to suffer pain, be in pain; to voice one’s pain, give vent to one’s pain, to lament; to feel grid, sorrow or pity, feel sorry, feel compassion (ل for s.o.), commiserate (ل with), pity (ل s.o.)

وجع waja‘ pl. اوجاع aujā‘, وجاع wijā‘ pain, ache; ailment | وجع السن w. as-sinn toothache; الوجع بكبدك (bi-kabidika) an imprecation (lit.: may pain strike your liver!)

وجيع painful; grievous, sad

توجع tawajju‘ pain, ache; lament

موجوع maujū‘ feeling pain, in pain, aching; ailing; suffering

وجف wajafa يجف yajifu (wajf, وجوف wujūf, وجيف to be agitated, excited, troubled, in commotion; -- (wajīf) to throb, beat (heart) IV to agitate, excite, trouble, disturb (هـ s.th.); to make (هـ s.th.) tremble X to set (هـ the heart) aflutter

واجف wājif beating, throbbing (heart) | في صوت واجف (ṣaut) in a tremulous voice

وجق wujaq (tun.) the “Oudjak” (Tunisian gendarmery)

وجاق wujāq, اوجاق ūjāq pl. وجقات wujaqāt range, cooking stove; (heating) stove; kitchen, galley; caboose; Janizary corps

وجل wajila يووجل yaujalu (wajal, موجل maujal) to be afraid, be scared; to be a coward, be craven IV to fill with fear, frighten (ه s.o.)

وجل wajal pl. اوجال awjāl fear, dread

وجل wajil pl. -ūn, وجال wijāl fearful, apprehensive, timorous; cowardly, craven

وجم wajama يجم yajimu (wajm, وجوم wujūm) to be silent; to be speechless, dumfounded (with fear, rags, and the like); to be shy; to be despondent, dejected, depressed

وجم wajim silent, speechless, dumfounded; despondent, dejected, depressed

وجوم wujūm silence; anxious, apprehensive silence; speechlessness from indignation, speechless, indignation; despondency; shyness; anxiety, concern, sorrow

واجم wājim silent, speechless, dumfounded; despondent, dejected, depressed

وجنة wajna pl. wajanāt cheek

وجه wajuha يوجه yaujuhu (وجاهة wajāha) to be a man of distinction, belong to the notables II to raise to eminence, distinguish, honor (ه s.o.); to turn one’s face, turn, go (الى to), head (الى for); to send, dispatch (الى ه s.o. to); to aim, level (ل or الى ه s.th. at), direct, steer, guide, channel (ل or الى ه s.th. to); to turn (هـ s.th., e.g., one’s face, one’s attention, etc., ل or الى to); to address (الى هـ a request, a question, a letter, etc., to) | وجه عليه تهمة (tuhmatan) to rail, an accusation, bring a charge against s.o.; وجه النظر الى (naẓara) to turn one’s eyes to III to be opposite s.th. (هـ ), be in front (هـ of); to face, front (هـ a locality or toward); to meet face to face, encounter (ه s.o.); to see personally (ه s.o.), speak personally (ه to s.o.), have an interview or audience (ه with); to face (هـ e.g., a problem), be faced (هـ with), find o.s. in the face of (هـ ); to meet, counter, obviate, withstand, defy (هـ a danger); to stand up (ه to s.o.), oppose (ه s.o.); to hold one’s own (هـ against s.th.); to envisage, have in mind, consider (هـ s.th.); to declare openly, say frankly (بأن ه to s.o. that); to bring face to face. confront (ب ه s.o. with s.o., else or with s.th.) IV to distinguish, honor (ه s.o.) V to betake o.s., repair, go, wend one’s way (نحو or الى to), head (نحو or الى for), bend one’s steps (نحو or الى toward); to turn one’s face, turn (ل or الى to s.o.), face (ل or الى s.o.); to turn, apply (نحو الى to s.o. for) VI to face each other, meet face to face VIII اتجه ittajaha to tend, be directed, be oriented (نحو or الى to. toward), be aimed, aim (نحو or الى at); to head, make (الى for), face, turn one’s face (الى toward); to turn, be turned (نحو or الى to s.o., to s.th.); to lead, go (نحو or الى to, toward; of a road); to point (نحو or الى to; of a signpost); to come to s.o.’s (ل ) mind. occur (ل to s.o.; of an idea)

جهة jiha pl. -āt side; direction; region, part, section, area; district, precinct, city quarter; agency, authority; administrative agency; (tun.) administrative district; الجهات the outskirts, the outlying districts, the provinces | الى جهة in the direction of, toward; من جهة from the direction of, from, on the part of, concerning, regarding, as to, with respect or regard to; من جهة الشمال (šamāl) from the north; من جهة ومن جهة اخرى (ثانية ) (ukrā, tāniya) on the one hand on the other hand; من كل جهة from all sides, on all sides; من جهتي for my part, as for me, I for one; من هذه الجهة seen from this angle, under this aspect, from this viewpoint; جهة الاختصاص or الجهة المختصة (muktaṣṣa) the competent authority; جهة اليسار jihata l-yasār at left, to the left, on the left side

مجلس جهوي Majlis jihawī council of an administrative district (Tun.)

وجه wajh pl. وجوه wujūh face, countenance; front, face, façade; outside; surface; right side of a fabric; dial (of a clock or watch); face, obverse (of a coin); prominent personality; exterior, look(s), appearance, guise, semblance; side; direction; intention, intent, design, purpose, aim, goal, objective, end; course, policy, guiding principle. precept; way, manner, mode, procedure, method; lesson, cause; sense, meaning, signification, purport; beginning, start, outset, first part of a given period of time; -- (pl. وجوه wujūh and اوجه aujuh) aspect; approach, point of view; viewpoint, standpoint; -- (pl. اوجه aujuh) phase (of the moon; also el.) | 1. Adverbial phrases: وجها apparently; وجها بوجه (لوجه ) face to face, in private, personally, directly; وجها من الوجوه (with preceding negation) in no way (whatsoever); بوجه الإجمال bi-w. il-ijmāl on the whole, by and large, in general; بوجه (على وجه) التقريب approximately, roughly, nearly; بوجه خاص or على وجه خاص (kāṣṣ) especially, in particular; بوجه (على وجه) عام (‘āmm) generally, in general; بوجه ما some way or other, somehow; in a certain way, to a certain extent; بدون وجه حق (w. ḥaqqin) without any legitimate claim, without being in the least entitled, in an entirely unlawful manner; على وجه in the manner of, in the form of, in the shape of; with regard to, concerning. about; على وجهه in his own way; in the right manner, correctly, properly, as it should be; على غير وجهه improperly, incorrectly, wrongly; ذهب على وجهه and مضى على وجهه to go one’s own way, go one’s way; على هذا الوجه in this manner, this way, thus; على وجه الإجمال (w. al-ijmāl) on the whole, by and large, in general; altogether, in the aggregate; على الوجه التالي in the following manner, as follows; على وجه التفصيل at great length, in detail, elaborately; على وجه الحصر (w. il-haṣr) in a condensed form, briefly stated, in a nutshell; على وجه العموم in general, generally; على وجه اليقين with certainty; في وجهه before him, in his presence; counter to him; before his (very) eyes; لوجه الله for the sake of God, regardless of any reward in this life; for nothing, gratis; من كل وجه in every respect, from every point of view, on all grounds; من وجوه كثيرة from many points of view, in many respects; من بعض الوجوه in some ways; من كل الوجوه in every respect, in every way, all the way through, completely; -- 2. Verbal phrases: ابيض وجهه ibyaḍḍa wajhuhū to enjoy an excellent reputation, stand in good repute; اسود وجهه iswadda wajhuhū to fall into discredit. be discredited, be in disgrace; اخذ وجها to win respect, gain prestige; اخذ وجه العروسة (wajha l-‘arūsa) to consummate marriage; اهانه في وجهه to insult s.o. to his face; بيض وجهه bayyaḍḍa wajhahū to make s.o. appear blameless, in a favorable light, to whitewash, exculpate, vindicate, justify s.o., play s.o. up, make much of s.o.; to honor s.o., show honor to s.o.; خلا له وجه الطريق (kalā, wajhu ṭ-ṭ.) his way was unobstructed, he had clear sailing; سفه وجهه saffaha wajhahū or سود وجهه (sawwada) to expose s.o., show s.o. up, make a fool of s.o., bring s.o. into discredit, disgrace s.o., dishonor s.o.; شوه وجه الحقيقة šawwaha wajh l-h. to distort the truth; شوه وجه الوظيفة to disgrace one’s profession or office; ضرب وجه الأمر وعينه (wajha l-amr wa-‘ainahū) to touch on the very essence of a matter, hit the mark; قام في وجه فلان to stand up to s.o., take a stand against s.o.; هرب من وجه فلان to flee from s.o.; -- 3. Nominal phrases: الوجه البحري (baḥrī) Lower Egypt; الوجه القلي (qiblī) Upper Egypt; وجه الحال the circumstances, the state of affairs, the factual situation; وجه الشبه w. aš-šibh point of resemblance; وجه النهار wajah n-nahār during the daytime; كلام ذو وجهين (kalām) equivocal statement, ambiguous words; اوجه القمر a. al-qamar the lunar phases; وجوه الناس prominent people, Leading personalities; -- 4. لا وجه ل (wajha) there is no reason for; لا وجه له من الصحة (ṣiḥḥa) it has no validity at all

وجهي wajhī facial, of the face

وجهة wijha, wujha pl. -āt direction, trend, drift; course (of a ship); intention, design, aim, goal, objective; respect, regard; (= وجهة النظر w. an-naẓar) angle, point of view, viewpoint, standpoint | من هذه الوجهة in this respect; from this point of view; من وجهة اخرى (ukrā) from a different standpoint, from another point of view; وجهته باريس he is on his way to Paris

وجاهة wajāha esteem, credit, repute, prestige, influence, standing, rank, distinction, notability; acceptability; well-foundedness, soundness, solidity, validity | ذو وجاهة person of rank; notable, noted, eminent, distinguished; اهل الوجاهة ahl al-w. the notables

وجاهي wijāhī contradiotory (jur.)

وجيه wajīh pl. وجهاء wujahā’ 2 notable, noted, eminent, distinguished; eminent man, person of note, notable; leader; excellent, outstanding; acceptable, well-founded, sound; الوجهاء the notables | سبب وجيه (sabab) sound reason

وجيهة wajīha pl. -āt lady of high social standing; lady of society, socialite

تجاه tujāha (prep.) in front of, facing, opposite

توجيه taujīh aiming, leveling, directing; orientation; guidance, direction; controlling, steering, channeling, leading, guiding; (methodical) instruction; (pl. -āt) directive, instruction; allocation; transfer, conveyance, assignment | توجيه خطاه t. kuṭāhu directive, that one receives

توجيهي taujīhī: السنة التوجيهية (sana) fifth grade of a secondary school, the completion of which is prerequisite before admittance to a university (Eg.); شهادة توجيهية diploma conferred after the successful completion of the fifth grade of a secondary school, entitling the holder to admittance to a university (Eg.); طلبة التوجيهي ṭalabat at-t. fifth graders of a secondary school (Eg.)

مواجهة muwājaha opposite position, opposition; meeting; facing, anticipation, countering, obviation; encounter; confrontation; talk from person to person, personal talk; audience; interview; muwājahatan face to face, (from) person to person | بمواجهة in his presence

توجه tawajjuh attention; favoritism, patronage

اتجاه ittijāh pl. -āt direction; inclination, bent, trend, drift; tendency; orientation; course (e.g., of a ship) | طريق ذو اتجاه واحد one-way street; اتجاه واحد One Way Only (traffic sign)

واجهة wājiha pl. -āt face, front; outside; facade; show window | واجهة القتال front line, fighting front

موجه muwajjih mate (naval rank; Eg. 1939)

موجه muwajjah remote-controlled, guided

متجه muttajih directed, tending, aiming (في in a direction)

متجه muttajah direction | في كل متجه in all directions; in all fields, in every respect

وحد waḥada يحد yaḥidu (وحدة waḥda, حدة ḥida) and waḥuda to be alone, unique, singular, unmatched, without equal, incomparable II to make into one, unite, unify, standardize, regularize (هـ s.th.); to connect, join, link, unite, bring together, fit together, combine, consolidate, amalgamate, merge (بينهم different parts) | وحد الله to declare God to he one; to profess belief in the unity of God, he a monotheist; وحد الديون to consolidate, or fund, debts V to be one, alone, by o.s., the only one, singular, unique; to be lonely, solitary, live in solitude, lead a secluded life; to do alone, perform or carry out by o.s. (ب s.th.); to be reduced to one; to be united, be combined, be unified, be standardized, be concerted, be consolidated; to become one, form a unity | توحد برأيه (bi-ra’yihī) to stand alone with one’s opinion; توحده بعنايته (bi-‘ināyatihī) to single s.o. out for one’s special care, give s.o. particular attention VIII اتحد ittaḥada to he one, form a unity; to be united, be combined, be consolidated, be amalgamated, merge, form, or join in, a union; to unite, combine (ب with); to he agreed, be unanimous; to agree, concur; to act jointly

حدة ḥida solitude, solitariness | على حدة alone, by o.s., apart from others, detached, isolated. secluded; separate(ly); كل على حدة everyone by himself. each by himself (itself), each separately, each individually

وحده waḥdahū, f. وحدها waḥdahā or على وحده ‘alā waḥdihī etc., he alone, he by himself | جاء وحده he came alone; لا وحده بل not only but

وحدة waḥda oneness, singleness, unity; solitariness, isolation, seclusion, privacy, solitude, loneliness; self-containment, independence; union; -- (pl. -āt) military unit; crew; single group, grouping; plant unit, installation; (subsidiary) unit (of an industrial plant); branch office, sub-office (of an administrative agency) | O وحدات الإشارة w. al-išāra communications units (mil.); وحدة الزمن w. az-zaman time unit; وحدة طائفية denominational group, religious minority; الوحدة العربية (‘arabīya) Arab unity, the Arab Union

وحداني waḥdānī single, solitary, separate, individual; sole, only, exclusive; singular, unique; matchless, unequaled, incomparable; single, unmarried

وحدانية waḥdānīya soleness, solitariness; isolation, seclusion, privacy; solitude, loneliness; oneness, singleness, unity (esp. of God); singularity, uniqueness, incomparableness

وحيد waḥīd alone; solitary, lonely; single, separate, individual, sporadic, isolated; sale, only, exclusive; singular, unique; matchless, unequaled, incomparable | وحيدة ابويها w. abawaihā her parents’ only daughter

اوحد auḥad singular, unique

توحيد tauḥīd unification, union, combination, fusion; standardization, regularization; consolidation, amalgamation, merger; belief in the unity of God; profession of the unity of God; monotheism; (myst.) mergence in the unity of the universe | توحيد الدين consolidation of debts; توحيد الزوجة t. az-zauja monogamy; توحيد الكلمة t. al-kalima unification, union, joining of forces, unanimity; توحيد المنتوجات standardization of industrial products; علم التوحيد ‘ilm at-t. (Islamic) theology

توحد tawaḥḥud soleness, singleness, solitariness; isolation, seclusion, privacy; solitude, loneliness

اتحاد ittiḥād oneness, singleness, unity; concord, accord, unison, harmony, unanimity, agreement; combination; consolidation, amalgamation, merger, fusion; alliance, confederacy; association; federation; union; O chemical compound | باتحاد in unison, with combined efforts, together, jointly; اتحاد الآراء unanimity; باتحاد الآراء unanimously; اتحاد البريد العام (‘āmm) Universal Postal Union; اتحاد جنوب افريقية itt. janūb ifrīqiya the Union of South Africa; اتحاد الدول العربية itt. Ad-duwal al-’arabīya the United Arab States (i.e., the United Arab Republic and Yemen); اتحاد السوفيت or الاتحاد السوفيتي (السوفييتي ) the Soviet Union

اتحادي ittiḥādī unionist; unionistic; federal | حكومة اتحادية federal government

واحد wāḥid one (numeral); someone, somebody, a certain person, a certain ...; sole, only; (pl. وحدان wuḥdān) single, solitary, separate, individual, sporadic, isolated واحدا واحدا or فواحدا واحدا or واحد بعد واحده or واحدا بعد الآخر one by one, single, separately, one after the other, one at a time, successively; الواحد the One (attribute of God); الواحد منهم each of them, every one of them; واحد كهذا such a one, such a man, (any)one like that; كل واحد kullu wāḥidin everyone, everybody; في موضع واحد (mauḍi’in) in one and the same place; ولا واحد not a single one, not one; زرافات ووحدانا zarāfātin wa-wuḥdānan in groups and alone

موحد muwaḥḥid professor of the unity of God; الموحدون the Almohades

موحد muwaḥḥad combined, consolidated, amalgamated; united; unified; standardized, regularized; O unipolar (el.); having one diacritical point (letter)

متوحد mutawaḥḥid solitary, rare, sporadic, isolated; recluse, hermit

متحد muttaḥid united, combined, consolidated, amalgamated; uniform, standardized; harmonious, united, unanimous, in agreement, concordant | الولايات المتحدة (wilāyāt) the United States; الأمم المتحدة (umam) the United Nations

مستوحد mustauḥid solitary, lonely, isolated

وحش IV to be deserted, desolate (region); to oppress, make uneasy, fill with anxiety (ه s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) feel lonely, make lonesome (ه s.o.); to grieve by one’s absence (ه s.o.) V to be desolate, deserted, waste; to be or become wild, savage, brutal; to brutalize, become brutish X to be desolate, deserted, waste; to feel lonely; to be distressed, saddened by the separation (ل from s.o.), miss badly (ل s.o.); to have an aversion (من to), feel a distaste (من for), feel repelled (من by), to be unable to warm or reconcile o.s. (من to), feel no particular liking (من for), to be alienated, become estranged; to be afraid

وحش waḥš waste. deserted, lonely, dreary, desolate, wild, untamed (animal), -- (pl. وحوش wuḥūš, وحشان wuḥšān) wild animal, wild beast; game, monster | الوحوش الضارية (ḍāriya) the predatory animals, the beasts of prey

وحشة loneliness, forlornness, desolation, cheerlessness, dreariness; (fig.) chilliness, frontiness, frigidity, coldness (e.g., of relations), gloom, melancholy, weird feeling; strangeness, estrangement, alienation

وحشي waḥšī untamed, wild, brutish, savage, uncivilized, barbarous; brutal; cruel; ugly, repulsive, disgusting, directed outward, outer, external (esp., of anatomical parts) | الكعب الوحشي (ka‘b) outer anklebone

وحشية waḥšīya wildness, savageness, ferocity, brutality, savagery, barbarity, barbarism

ايحاش īḥāš loneliness, forlornness

توحش tawaḥḥuš return to a wild or savage state, wildness, savageness, barbarity, brutalization; brutality

استيحاش istīḥāš strangeness, estrangement, alienation, unsociability; weirdness, uncanniness, eeriness

موحش mūḥiš desolate, dreary, deserted, forlorn, lonely, waste; oppressed, uneasy, anxious; weird, eerie, uncanny

متوحش mutawakkiš wild (animal), savage; barbarous, barbaric; brutal, cruel; a savage; a barbarian

مستوحش mustauḥiš wild, savage; a savage; lonesome, lonely; melancholia, gloomy, sad, unhappy

وحف waḥf luxuriant and black (hair)

وحل waḥila يوحل yauḥalu to sink in mire, get stuck in the mud; to be stuck, be stranded, come to a deadlock, be in a fix II to soil with mud, muddy (هـ s.th.), to become slimy, muddy or mucky (the ground) IV to mire (ه s.o.), make (ه s.o.) stick flit in the mud, get s.o. into a quagmire, throw s.o. in the mud V to be or become dirty, muddy, miry X = V

وحل waḥl, waḥal pl. وحول wuḥūl, اوحال auḥāl mud, mire, slough, morass

وحل waḥil muddy, dirty, miry

موحل mauḥil muddy ground, slough; fix, predicament

موحل muwaḥḥal muddy, miry, mud-covered, mud-spattered, dirty

وحم waḥima يحم yauḥimu, يوحم yauḥamu (waḥam) to feel appetite, have a longing, a craving (هـ for), desire (هـ s.th.)

وحم waḥam a craving for certain food during pregnancy; appetite, craving, longing, ardent desire

وحام waḥām, wiḥām a craving for certain food during pregnancy, appetite, craving, longing, ardent desire

وحمى waḥmā pl. وحام wiḥām, وحامى waḥāmā craving for certain food (pregnant woman)

وحوح waḥwaḥa to tremble, shiver, shudder (من from, with)

وحى waḥā يحي yaḥī (waḥy) to inspire (ب الى s.o. with); to reveal (ب الى to s.o. s.th.) IV to inspire (ب الى s.o. with), to reveal (ب الى to s.o. s.th.; of God); to give an idea, give an impression (من of); to suggest, give rise to the idea (ان that), create the impression (ان that, as if); pass. اوحي الي ūḥiya ilayya it occurred to me, the idea suggested itself, I came to think, I was inspired X to ask s.o.’s (ه ) advice, seek s.o.’s (ه ) counsel, consult (ه s.o.); to let o.s. be inspired (ه هـ with s.th. by s.o.), seek inspiration (ه هـ in s.th. from s.o.); to derive, deduce (من هـ s.th. from) | استوحى الفكرة (fikrata) to let o.s. be guided by the thought; استوحى موعظة من (mau‘iẓatan) to draw a lesson from

وحي waḥy inspiration; revelation (theol.)

ايحاء īḥā’ suggestion | ايحاء ذاتي (dātī) autosuggestion

O واح wāḥin radio transmitter; O الواحى radio

موح mūḥin inspiring; revealing; dispenser of revelations

موحى mūḥan pl. موحيات mūḥayāt inspiration, revelation

مستوحى mustauḥan influenced, advised, guided, inspired (ب by); derived, deduced (من from)

وخز wakaza يخز yakizu (wakz) to sting, prick, twinge (ه s.o.); to pierce, transfix, stab to death (ه s.o.); to vex, pester, harass, beset, irritate, torment (ه s.o.)

وخز wakz stinging, pricking; sharp, local pain, twinges | وخز الضمير compunctions, pangs of remorse

وخزة wakza (n. vic.) sting, prick, twinge

وخزان wakzān needling, nagging

وخاز wakkāz stinging, pricking; biting, sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce, violent

واخز wākiz stinging, pricking; biting, sharp, pungent, smarting, fierce, violent

وخط wakaṭa يخط yakiṭu (wakṭ) to turn gray, make gray-haired (ه s.o.; of age)

وخم (see also1 تخم ) wakuma يوخم yaukumu (وخامة wakāma) to be unhealthy (e.g., air, climate); to be unwholesome, heavy, indigestible; -- wakima يوخم yaukamu (wukm)to suffer from indigestion VIII اتخم ittakama to suffer from indigestion

تخمة tukma pl. -āt, تخم tukam surfeit; indigestion; upset stomach

وخم wakam unhealthy air; dirt, filth, squalor

وخم wakim unhealthy; unwholesome, heavy, indigestible; dirty, filthy, squalid

وخيم wakīm unhealthy; indigestible; bad, evil, dangerous, fatal, disastrous | وخيم العاقبة of evil consequences

وخامة wakāma unhealthiness, unwholesomeness; evil nature

اوخم aukam2 unhealthier; worse

مستوخم mustaukam indigestible; unwholesome | مجاز مستوخم (majāz) tasteless metaphor (rhet.)

وخى wakā يخي yakī (waky) to intend, purpose (هـ s.th., to do s.th.), have in mind, have in view (هـ s.th.), aim (هـ at), aspire (هـ to), be out for (هـ ) II do.; to lead, guide (ه s.o.) V to intend, purpose (هـ s.th., to do s.th.), have in mind, have in view (هـ s.th.), aim (هـ at), aspire (هـ to), strive (هـ for), be out for (هـ ), put one’s mind (هـ to), set one’s mind, be intent (هـ on) | توخى طريقة to follow a method, proceed methodically, systematically; توخى غاية to pursue an object, have an aim in mind

وخي waky pl. وخي wukīy, wikīy intention, aim, plan

توخ tawakkin design, intent

ود wadda (1st pers. perf. wadidtu) a (wadd, wudd, widd, وداد wadād, wudād, مودة mawadda) to love, like (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), be fond (هـ, ه of); to want, wish (هـ s.th., ان or لو or لو ان that s.th. be) | اود ان يفعل ذلك I should like him to do this, كما يود as he likes; وددت لو كان غنيا (lau, ganīyan) I wish he were rich; ود نفسه بعيدا عن (nafsahū) to wish o.s. far away from III to make friends, become friends (ه with s.o.) to show love or affection (ل or الى to s.o.); to try to gain favor (الى with), seek s.o.’s (الى )) friendship; to curry favor, ingratiate o.s. (الى with), flatter one’s way (الى into); to attract, captivate (ه ) win s.o. (ه ) love or friendship VI to love each other, be on friendly terms, be friends

ود wadd, widd, wudd love, affection, amity, friendship; wish, desire | كان بودنا لو (bi-waddinā) we should be pleased if

ود wadd, widd, wudd pl. اوداد audād, اود awudd, awidd loving; affectionate, tender; fond, attached, devoted; lover

ودي waddī, widdī, wuddī friendly, amicable

وداد wadād, widād, wudād love, friendship

ودادي wadādī amicable, friendly, of a friend

ودود wadūd favorably disposed, attached, devoted, fond, friendly

وديد wadīd favorably disposed, attached, devoted, fond, friendly

مودة mawaadda love; friendship

تواد tawādd friendly relations, good terms

ودج wadaj pl. اوداج audāj jugular vein | انتفخت اوداجه his jugular veins swelled, i.e., he flew into a rage, he became furious; (also used in the sense of:) to become inflated with pride, swagger, bluster

وداج widāj jugular vein

ودر to endanger, imperil (ه s.o.); to waste (هـ s.th.)

ودع wada’a يدع yada’u (wad’) to put down, lodge, deposit (هـ s.th.); (usually only in imperf. and imp.) to let, leave; to leave off, stop, cease; to give up, omit, skip (هـ s.th. الى in order to turn to s.th. else) | دع عنك da’ ‘anka desist! stop! دع عنك or دعك من da’ka min not to speak of ..., let alone …; دعك من هذا (da’ka) stop that! cut it out! دعنا من هذا (da’nā) let’s not talk about it! enough of that! دعنا نذهب let us go! يدع محلا to leave room; -- wadu’a يودع yaudu’u (وداعة wadā’a) to be gentle, mild-tempered, meek, peaceable II to see off, bid farewell (ه s.o.); to take leave (ه of), say farewell (ه to s.o.) IV to put down, lay down (هـ هـ , s.o., s.th. in a place, also fig., s.th. in a book), lodge, deposit (هـ هـ s.th. in a place); to entrust (هـ هـ to s.o. s.th.); to leave (هـ ه with s.o. s.th.), give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) for safekeeping, give s.th. (هـ ) in charge of s.o. (ه ), consign (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) | اودعه السجن (sijna) to throw s.o. in prison X to lay down, put down, place, lodge, deposit (هـ هـ s.th. in a place); to entrust, consign, commit (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.), leave (هـ ه s.th. with s.o.), give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) for safekeeping, give s.th. (هـ ) in charge of s.o. (ه ); to put on half pay, transfer to provisional retirement (ه an official); to store, warehouse (هـ s.th.) | استودعه الله (llāha) to commend s.o. to God’s protection; استودعك الله farewell! God with you! good-by! adieu!

دعة da’a mild-temperedness, meekness, gentleness, gentle-heartedness; calm, composure, equanimity

ودع wad‘ lodging, depositing, deposition

ودع wad‘, wadā’ (coll.; n. un. ة ) seashells

وداع wadā‘ farewell, leave-taking, adieu, valediction; الوداع and وداعا farewell! adieu! God with you! Good-by!

وداعة wadā‘a gentle-heartedness, gentleness, mild-temperedness, meekness, peaceableness

وديع wadī‘ calm, peaceable, gentle-hearted, mild-tempered, meek

وديعة wadī‘a pl. ودائع wadā’i‘ s.th. entrusted to s.o.’s custody, trust, charge; deposited amount; deposit

ميدعة mīda‘a apron; (doctor’s) smock

توديع taudī‘ farewell, adieu, leave-taking; valediction

ايداع īdā‘ lodging, consigning, depositing, deposition | بطاقة الإيداع deposit slip, certificate of deposit; warrant of arrest; محضر الإيداع maḥḍar al-i. official record of deposit (jur.)

استيداع istīdā‘ lodging, consigning, depositing, deposition; reserve; transfer to provisional retirement (of an official); putting on half pay (mil.) | في الاستيداع in provisional retirement; unattached, on half pay; O مخزن الاستيداع makzan al-ist. depot

وادع wādi‘ consignor, depositor, deponent, lodger; gentle, mild, meek; peaceable, composed, calm; moderate; low, deep

مودع mūdi‘ consignor, lodger, depositor; gentle, mild, meek; moderate; low, deep

مودع mūda‘ lodged, consigned; deposited; deposit; المودع لديه (ladaihi) keeper, consignee, depository

مستودع mustaudi‘ depositor

مستودع mustauda‘ lodged, consigned; deposited; stored; in provisional retirement; unattached, on half pay, in reserve; -- (pl. -āt) depository, repository; store-house; warehouse, depot; O hangar; O container, reservoir, (storage) tank | O مستودع التدريب training center (mil.)

وديقة wadīqa pl. ودائق wadā’iq2 lawn, meadow

ودك wadak fat

ودك wadik, ودك wadūk, وديك wadīk and وادك wādik fat (adj.)

ودى wadā يدي yadī to pay blood money (ه for s.o. killed) IV to perish, die; to out off (ب s.o.; of death); to kill, destroy (ب s.o., s.th.) | اودى بحياته (bi-ḥayātihī) to destroy s.o.’s life; اودى بصحته (bi-ṣiḥḥatihī) to ruin s.o.’s health, sap s.o.’s strength

دية diya pl. -āt blood money, wergild; indemnity for bodily injury

واد wādin pl. اودية audiya, وديان widyān valley; river valley, river bed, ravine, gorge, wadi; river; (newspaper) column | اسال اودية من الحبر (ḥibr) to pour forth floods of ink; نحن في واد وانتم في واد we belong to different camps; there is a deep gulf between us, we stand worlds apart; حوم به الفكر في اودية شتى (ḥawwama, fikru šattā) approx.: his thoughts trailed off, he was thinking of s.th. else, he was absent-minded; ذهب صيحة في واد (ṣaiḥatan) to die unheard (call); هام في وديان approx.: he was no longer himself, he was floating in higher realms, he was beside himself, he was out of his senses; في كل واد everywhere, on all sides; وادى حلفا w. ḥalfa Wadi Halfa (town in N Sudan, on Egyptian border)

(وذر ) only imperf. يذر yadaru and imp. ذر dar to let, leave; to let alone, leave alone; to let be, stop, cease; to leave behind

ورب II to equivocate, express o.s. in equivocal terms (عن about) III to doublecross, dupe, outfox, outsmart (ه s.o.)

ورب warb pl. اوراب aurāb obliqueness, obliquity, slantingness; oblique direction, inclination, slope, slant, diagonal | بالورب obliquely, slantingly, aslant; diagonally, transversely

وراب wirāb obliqueness, obliquity

مواربة muwāraba equivocation, ambiguity | بدون مواربة or في غير مواربة unequivocally, in no uncertain terms

موروب maurūb oblique, inclined, slanting, sloping; diagonal, transverse; partly open, ajar (door)

موارب muwārab ajar (door)

ورث warita يرث yaritu (wirt, ارث irt, ارثة irta, وراثة warāta, رثة rita, تراث turāt) to be heir (ه to s.o.), be s.o.’s (ه ) heir; to inherit (ه or عن or من هـ s.th. from s.o.) II to appoint as heir (ه s.o.); to transfer by will, leave, bequeath, make over (هـ ه to s.o. s.th.) IV = II; to draw down, bring down (هـ ه on s.o. s.th.), cause (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) VI to have inherited (هـ s.th.); to possess as an inheritance (هـ s.th.)

ارث irt heritage, inheritance, legacy; estate (of inheritance)

ورث wirt inheritance, legacy

وراثة wirāta inheritance, legacy; hereditariness, hereditary transmission, heredity

وراثي wirātī hereditary | امراض وراثية hereditary diseases

وريث warīt pl. ورثاء wuratā’2 beir, inheritor

تراث turāt inheritance, legacy

ميراث mīrāt pl. مواريث mawārīt2 heritage, inheritance, legacy, estate

توارث tawārut transmission by inheritance; heredity

وارث wārit pl. ورثة warata, وراث wurrāt inheriting; heir, inheritor

موروث maurūt inherited; handed down, transmitted, traditional; hereditary

مورث muwarrit and mūrit testator, legator

متوارث mutawārat inherited

1 ورد warada يرد yaridu (ورود wurūd) to come, arrive; to appear, show up; to be found, be met with, be said (في in a book, letter, etc.), be mentioned (في in); to reach (الى or هـ a place), arrive (الى or هـ at), come to, get to, travel to; to be received (على by s.o.; letter, money, or the like), come to s.o.’s (على ) hands; to accrue, come (على to s.o.; revenue, proceeds, etc.) II to make (هـ s.th.) reach (ب s.th. else or s.o.), get s.th. (هـ ) to (ب ); to bring in, import (هـ s.th.); to supply, furnish, feed (ب هـ s.th. to); to deposit (ب هـ s.th. in), pay (ب هـ s.th. into) IV to make or have (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) come (هـ or على to), bring, take (الى or على هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); to transfer, convey, transport, move (الى هـ s.th. to a place); to import (هـ s.th.); to deposit, pay in (هـ an amount); to produce, present (هـ s.th.); to supply, furnish (هـ s.th.); to mention, state, set forth, bring up, allege, adduce, cite, quota (هـ s.th.), interpose, introduce, mention casually, drop in passing, throw in (هـ s.th., .,. in one’s speech) VI to arrive successively, come one after the other; to succeed one another, be successive, consecutive; to arrive, come in, come to hand (news, dispatches); to coincide, happen to be identical (ideas, thoughts) X to have (هـ s.th.) supplied or furnished (من by or from), buy, draw, get, procure (من هـ s.th. from); to import (من هـ s.th. from)

ورد wird watering place; animals coming to the water; -- (pl. اوراد aurād) specified time of day or night devoted to private worship (in addition to the five prescribed prayers); a section of the Koran recited on this occasion | الورد الذي طالما التسبيح به (ṭālamā) and الورد الذي يتلى في الغدو والآصال (yutlā fī l-gudūw wa-l-āṣāl) approx.: always the lame old story

بنت وردان bint wardāna pl. بنات وردان banāt w. cockroach

وريد warīd pl. اوردة aurida, ورد wurud, ورود wurūd vein; jugular vein | حبل الوريد ḥabl al-warīd jugular vein

ورود wurūd coming, arrival, advent; receipt; appearance

مورد maurid pl. موارد mawārid2 place of arrival, (place of) destination; access to the water, to a watering place; watering place; spring, well; resource, resort, expedient; place of origin, of provenience; source of income; income, revenue; supply; importation | موارد الدولة m. ad-daula government revenues; موارد الزيت m. az-zait oil wells; موارد المعيشة m. al-ma‘īša food supply lines

موردة maurida watering place; landing place, quay, wharf

توريد taurīd pl. -āt furnishing, provision, purveyance; importation, import; supply; feed | توريد البضائع supply of goods

ايراد īrād adduction, allegation, bringing up, mention(ing), citation, quotation; pl. -āt importation, import; supply; revenue, income; returns, proceeds, takings, receipts; yield, gain, profit

توارد tawārud successive arrival; accidental identity of ideas

استيراد istīrād importation, import(s)

وارد wārid pl. وراد wurrād arriving; found, mentioned; newcomer, arrival; pl. -āt imports; receipts, incomings, returns, proceeds, takings | واردات وصادرات imports and exports

مورد muwarrid supplier, furnisher, purveyor, contractor

مستورد mustaurid importer

مستوردات mustauradāt imported goods, imports

2 ورد II to blossom, be in bloom (tree); to apply rouge (هـ to), rouge, make up (هـ s.th.); to dye or color red (هـ s.th.) V to be or become red; to take on a rosy color, glow, be aglow, be flushed (cheek) VI = V

ورد ward (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. ورود wurūd rose(s); blossoms, flowers, bloom

وردة warda (n. un.) rose; rosette; cockade; rosebush; (eg.) washer; (eg.) packing ring (of a piston)

وردي wardī roseate, rose-colored, rosy; pink

وردية wardīya rosary

وردة wurda reddish color

تورد tawarrud a reddening, red coloration

مورد muwarrad rosy, ruddy, red

متورد mutawarrid rosy

جبال الآوراس jibāl al-aurās the Aurès Mountains (in E Algeria)

1 ورش waraša يرش yarišu (warš) to interfere with s.o.’s (jo) p1&ns, thrust o.s. on s.o. (على ) II to disturb the peace, make trouble

ورش wariš lively, brisk; restless, restive

وارش wāriš obtrusive; intruder, parasite

2 ورشة warša pl. -āt, ورش wiraš workshop | ورشة الإصلاح w. al-iṣlāḥ repair shop, service station; ورشة الغسيل laundry

وروط II and IV to entangle, embroil, involve (في ه s.o. in difficulties), put s.o. (ه ) in an unpleasant situation, get s.o. in a bad fix V to let o.s. in for difficulties, get o.s. into trouble; to be entangled, be embroiled, become involved (في in) X to be entangled, be embroiled, become involved (في in)

ورطة warṭa pl. waraṭāt, وراط wirāṭ difficult or critical situation, difficulty, trouble, plight, predicament, awkward position, dilemma, fix, ja.m; embroilment, bad entanglement

تورط lawarruṭ entanglement, involvement (في in)

موروط maurūṭ in a plight, in a bad fix, in a dilemma

مورط muwarraṭ in a plight, in a bad fix, in a dilemma

ورع warifa يرع yari‘u (wara‘) and waru‘a (وراعة warā‘a) to be pious and god-fearing V to pause (عن before), be cautious, hesitate (عن about), refrain, abstain (عن, من from)

ورع wara‘ piety, piousness, godliness, godfearingness; caution, cautiousness, carefulness; timorousness, timidity, shyness, reserve

ورع wari‘ pl. اوراع aurā‘ pious, godly, god-fearing; cautious, careful; reticent, reserved

ورف warafa يرف yarifu (warf, وريف warīf, وروف wurūf) to stretch, extend, become long (shadow); to sprout, be green, verdant, in bloom (plant) II and IV to stretch, extend, become long (shadow)

وارف wārif extending, stretching (shadow); green, verdant, blooming; luxuriant

ورق II to leaf, burst into leaf, put forth leaves, sprout; to leaf, thumb (هـ a book); to paper (هـ a wall) IV to leaf, burst into leaf, put forth leaves, sprout

ورق waraq (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. اوراق aurāq foliage, leafage, leaves; paper; paper money, banknotes; thin sheet metal, laminated metal | ورق تمغة w. tamga stamped paper; ورق الرسم w. ar-rasm drawing paper; ورق مزركش w. muzarkas wallpaper, paper hangings; ورق السنفرة w. as-sanfara emery paper, glass paper, sandpaper; ورق شفاف (šaffāf) tracing paper; ورق الشاهدة carbon paper; ورق مطبوع (tun.) stamped paper; ورق عادم wastepaper; ورق مقوى (muqawwan) cardboard, pasteboard; ورق الكتابة writing paper; ورق اللعب w. al-la‘b playing cards; ورق اللف w. al-laff wrapping paper; ورق نشاف (نشاش ) (naššāf, naššāš) blotting paper; ورق نقدي paper money; ورق اليانصيب w. al-yā-naṣīb lottery tickets; اوراق الأشغال business papers, commercial papers; اوراق الاعتماد credentials; اوراق الحكومة government bonds; اوراق القضية a. al-qaḍīya court records; اوراق مالية securities, bonds; banknotes, paper money; اوراق الموسيقى a. al-mūsīqā sheet music; اوراق نقدية (naqdīya), ورق النقد w. an-naqd banknotes, paper money; حبر على ورق (ḥibr) mere ink on paper, of no effect (e.g., treaty, agreement); طرح الأوراق على المائدة to lay the cards on the table; to show one’s hand

ورقة waraqa (n. un.) leaf; petal; sheet of paper; piece of paper, slip; note; card, ticket; document, record, paper; thin metal plate, leaf of sheet metal | ورقة البريد postcard; ورقة البنك banknote; ورقة مدموغة (madmūga) stamped sheet; ورقة لعب w. la‘b playing card; ورقة مالية banknote; bond, security; ورقة الاتهام w. al-ittihām bill of indictment

ورقي waraqī: نقود ورقية paper money

ورق wariq leafy, green, verdant

وراق warrāq pl. -ūn paper manufacturer, papermaker; stationer; wastepaper dealer; copyist (of manuscripts)

وراقة wirāqa papermaking, paper manufacture; stationery business, stationer’s trade

وارق wāriq leafy, green, verdant

مورق muwarriq stationer

مورق mūriq leafy

ورك wark, wirk, warik f., pl. اوراك aurāk hip, haunch; thigh

ورل waral pl. ورلان wirlān, اورال aurāl varan, monitor lizard (zool.)

ورم warima يرم yarimu (waram) to be swollen; to swell, become swollen II to cause to swell, inflate (هـ s.th.) | ورم انفه (anfahū) to annoy, vex, irritate, infuriate s.o.; ورم بأنفه (bi-anfihī) to be puffed up, conceited, stuck-up V = I

ورم waram pl. اورام aurām swelling, intumescence, tumor | في انفه ورم (anfihī) he is stuck-up

تورم tawarrum swelling, rising, intumescence

وارم wārim swollen

مورم muwarram swollen

ورن waran varan, monitor lizard (zool.)

ورنش warnaša to varnish, lacquer, japan (هـ s.th.)

ورنيش warnīš varnish, lacquer, japan; shoe polish | ورنيش الأرضية w. al-ardīya floor wax

اوره aurah2, f. ورهاء warhā’ stupid, dumb; cheeky, brazenfaced, impudent

وروار warwar bee eater (Meropl; zool.)

1 ورى warā يري yarī (wary) to kindle, fire, take fire (lighter) II do.; to strike fire; to hide, conceal, keep secret, secrete (هـ s.th.); to allude (ب عن to s.th. with); to pretend, feign, affect, simulate (ب s.th.) III to try to keep secret (هـ s.th.); to hide, conceal (هـ هـ s.th. in); to disguise, mask (هـ s.th.) | واراه التراب (turāba) to inhume, bury s.o. IV = I; to strike fire V to hide, conceal o.s. (من or عن from) VI do.; to disappear from the sight (عن of s.o. also عن الأنظار )

الورى al-warā the mortals, mankind | خير الورى kair al-w. the best of all men, the Prophet Mohammed

وراء warā’a (prep.) behind, in the rear of, at the back of; after; beyond, past; over and above, beside, in addition to; (adv.) warā’u behind, in the rear, at the back | الى الوراء to the rear; backward; كان وراءه to be favorably disposed to s.o., stand behind s.o., support, back s.o.; ما وراء الأردن (urdun) Transjordan; ما وراء الأكمة (akama) what is at the bottom of it, what is behind it; وراء الأكمة ما وراءها there is more in it than meets the eye, there is s.th. wrong; ما وراء البحر (baḥr) overseas; ما وراء الطبيعة the supernatural, the transcendental; metaphysics; ما وراء النهر (nahr) Transoxiana; من وراء min warā’i (with foll. genit.) behind, from behind; beyond, past; over and above; by means of, through, by; التكسب من وراء الدعارة (takassub, di‘āra) professional prostitution; كانمن وراء مقدرة العقل البشري (madurati al-‘aqli al-bašarī) to be beyond the power of human comprehension

ورائي warā’ī hind, rear, back, located at the back, directed backward

اورى aurā (elative) better concealing (ل s.th.)

تورية tauriya hiding, concealment; dissemblance, dissimulation, hypocrisy; equivocation, ambiguity, double-entendre, allusion

2 توراة look up alphabetically

1 وز wazza u (wazz) to incite, set (على ه s.o. against)

2 وز = اوز iwazz (see up alphabetically)

وزب wazaba يزب yazibu (وزوب wuzūb) to flow (water)

ميزاب mīzāb pl. ميازيب mayāzīb2 drain pipe, drain; gutter, sewer; roof gutter | انفتحت ميازيت السماء infataḥat m. us-samā’ the heavens opened their gates

وزر wazara يزر yaziru (wizr) to take upon o.s., carry (هـ a burden); -- wazira yaziru and wazira يوزر yauzaru (wizr, wazr, زرة zira) to commit a sin III to help, assist, aid, support (على ه s.o. in) IV to support, back up (ه s.o.), strengthen s.o.’s (ه ) arm VI to help each other VIII اتزر ittazara to wear a loincloth; to put on (هـ a garment); to commit a sin

وزر wizr pl. اوزار auzār heavy load, burden, encumbrance; sin, crime; responsibleness, responsibility | حمله وزره (ḥammalahū) to make s.o. bear the responsibility for s.th., make s.o. answerable for s.th.; وضعت الحرب اوزارها waḍa‘at il-ḥarbu auzārahū the war has come to an end

وزرة wizra pl. wizarāt loincloth

وزرة wazara pl. -āt skirt, skirting (arch.)

2 وزر V to become a (cabinet) minister X to appoint a (cabinet) minister (ه s.o.); to be appointed as (cabinet) minister

وزير wazīr pl. وزراء wuzarā’ (cabinet) minister; vizier; queen (in chess) | وزير بلا وزارة (bi-lā) minister without portfolio; وزير مفوض (mufawwaḍ) minister plenipotentiary (dipl.); مقيم وزير (muqīm) minister resident (Tun.); الوزير الأكبر the Prime Minister (Tun.); مجلس الوزراء majlis al-w. cabinet, council of ministers; for the various departments see under وزارة

وزارة wizāra pl. -āt ministry; (rarer, also) cabinet, government | وزارة الإرشاد القومي w. al-iršād al-qaumī Ministry of National Guidance (Eg.); وزارة الاستعلامات ministry of information; وزارة الأشغال العمومية (‘umūmīya) ministry of public works; وزارة الأوقاف ministry of religious endowments, wakf ministry; وزارة البحرية w. al-baḥrīya naval department, ministry of the navy; وزارة التجارة ministry of commerce; وزارة التربية والتعليم (w. at-tarbiya) ministry of education; وزارة الحربية w. at-tarbiya war ministry; وزارة الحقانية w. al-ḥaqqānīya ministry of justice; وزارة الخارجية w. al-kārijīya foreign ministry; وزارة الداخلية w. ad-dākilīya ministry of the interior; وزارة الزراعة ministry of agriculture; وزارة الشؤون الاجتماعية w. aš-šu’ūn al-ijtimā‘īya ministry of social affairs; وزارة الشؤون البلدية والقروية (baladīya, qarawīya) Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs (Eg.); وزارة الصحة العمومية w. aṣ-ṣiḥḥa al-‘umūmīya ministry of public health; وزارة الطيران w. aṭ-tayarān air ministry; وزارة هلعدل (العدلية ) w. at-‘adl (al-‘adlīya) ministry of justice; وزارة المالية w. al-mālīya finance ministry; وزارة المعارف ministry of education; وزارة المواصلات w. al-muwāṣalāt ministry of communications

وزاري wizārī ministerial

وزع waza‘a يزع yaza‘u (waz‘) to curb, restrain (ه s.o.) II to distribute (على هـ s.th. among or to, بين هـ s.th. among), allot, apportion, deal out (على هـ, الى هـ s.th. to s.o.); to deliver (هـ the mail); pass. wuzi‘a to be distributed, be divided (بين among) V to be distributed; to be divided; to divide among themselves, (successively, alternately) beset and torment (ه s.o.; e.g., anxieties, sorrows, thoughts)

اوزاع auzā‘ groups or crowds of people

وزيعة wazī‘a pl. وزائع wazā’i‘ share, portion, allotment

توزيع tauzī‘ distribution (also, e.g., in motion-picture industry); division, apportionment, allotment; delivery; sale, market | توزيع الثروة t. at-tarwa distribution

of (public) wealth; توزيع العمل t. al-‘mal division of labor; توزيع الجوائز distribution of prizes, award of prizes; توزيع الأرباح distribution (or payment) of dividends; توزيع مستعجل (musta‘jil) special delivery, express delivery (mail)

وازع wāzi‘ obstruction, obstacle, impediment

موزع muwazzi‘ distributing; distributor | موزع البريد postman, mailman

موزع muwazza‘ distributed; scattered, dispersed | موزع الخواطر and موزع الفكر m. al-fikr absent-minded; unconcentrated, distraught, scatterbrained

وزال wazzāl genista, broom (bot.)

وزن wazana يزن yazinu (wazn, زنة zina) to weigh (هـ s.th.); to balance, equilibrate, equalize, even up (هـ s.th.); to weigh out, sell by weight (ل هـ s.th. to s.o.) III to equal in weight (هـ s.th.), be of the same weight as (هـ ), be balanced (هـ with), equilibrate, counterbalance (هـ s.th.); to outweigh (هـ s.th.), compensate, make up (هـ for); to balance, equilibrate, poise (بين two things); to compare (بين – و s.th. with), weigh one thing against the other; to make a comparison, draw a parallel (بين -- وبين between -- and); to distribute equally (هـ s.th.) VI to be balanced, be in equilibrium, be counterpoised, be in equipoise

زنة zina weighing; weight

وزن wazn pl. اوزان auzān weight; (poetic) measure, meter; noun or verb pattern, form (gram.); tonnage of a vessel); weight, weight class (in boxing, etc.) | لا وزن له (wazna) or عديم الوزن imponderable; insignificant, of no consequence, negligible; اقام وزنا كبيرا ل to attach great importance to, set great store by; مصلحة الوزن والكيل maṣlaḥat al-w. wa-l-kail bureau of standards; وزن الديك w. ad-dīk bantamweight (boxing); الوزن الفارغ dead weight

وزنة wazna pl. wazanāt weight; gold or silver talent; (Ir.) weight of about 100 kg (varying; officially 10s.835 kg) | وزنة اضافية (idāfīya) additional weight, overweight

وزني waznī weight- (in compounds), of weight; ponderable, appreciable; weighty, ponderous, grave

وزان wizāna (prep.) commensurate with, corresponding to, in conformity with, in analogy to, following the model or pattern of

وزين wazīn weighty, ponderous | وزين الرأي of sound judgment, judicious

ميزان mīzān pl. موازين mawāzīn2 balance, scales; weight; measure; poetic measure, meter; rule, method; justice, equity, fairness, impartiality; الميزان Libra, Balance (astron.) | ميزان الحرارة m. al-ḥarāra thermometer; ميزان راصد self-registering scales; ميزان طبلي (ṭablī) weighing machine, platform scale; weighbridge; ميزان الماء spirit level, level

ميزانية mīzānīya balance, equilibrium, equipoise; balance (com.); budget | ميزانية ملحقة (mulḥaqa) supplementary budget

موازنة muwāzana equality of weight, balance, equilibrium, equipoise; outweighing; counterbalance, counterpoise, counterweight, compensation; stabilizing effect; comparing, weighing; comparison, parallel (بين between); budget; (tun.) timetable, schedule

توازن tawāzun balance, equilibrium, equipoise; poise, balance; balancing, poising | توازن سياسي (siyāsī) political balance; توازن القوى t. al-quwā balance of power; اعاد التوازن بين to restore the balance between

اتزان ittizān balance, equilibrium, equipoise; mental health; harmony; impartiality

وازن wāzin weighing; of full weight; drunk, tight

موزون mauzūn weighed; of full weight; balanced, in equilibrium, evenly poised; well-considered, well-advised, deliberate; well-balanced, well-proportioned, well-measured; rhythmically balanced; of sound judgment, judicious

موازن muwāzin outweighing, counterbalancing, equal, equivalent

متوازن mutawāzin balanced, in equilibrium

متزن muttazin balanced, measured, regular; well-balanced, harmonious (in color, and the like)

وزى III to be parallel (هـ to s.th.); to be opposite s.th. (هـ ), be the counterpart (هـ of); to correspond, amount, be equal or equivalent (هـ to), equal (هـ s.th.) VI to be parallel, run side by side; to be mutually corresponding, be equivalent

موازاة muwāzāh equal distance; parallelism; equivalence

تواز tawāzin equal distance; parallelism; equivalence | على التوازي side by side, parallel

مواز muwāzin parallel; equivalent

متواز mutawāzin parallel; similar | O متوازي الأضلاع parallelogram; O متوازي السطوح parallelepiped

وسخ wasaka يوسخ yausaku (wasak) to be or become dirty II and IV to dirty, soil, sully, stain, foul (هـ s.th.) V and VIII اتسخ ittasaka = I

وسخ pl. اوساخ ausāk dirt; filth, squalor

وسخ wasik dirty, filthy, soiled, sullied, unclean

وساخة wasāka dirtiness, filthiness, uncleanness, dirt, filth, squalor

وسد II to put under s.o.’s (ه ) head (هـ pillow), rest, lay (هـ ه s.o.’s head on), bed (هـ ه s.o. on) | وسده التراب (turāba) to lay s.o. or s.th. to rest in the ground; وسده صدره (ṣadrahū) to take s.o. to one’s breast, hug s.o. V to lay one’s head on a pillow (هـ ); to rest or recline on a pillow or cushion (هـ )

وساد wasād, wusād, wisād pl. وسد wusūd pillow, cushion | لزم الوساد lazima l-wasāda to be confined to bed

وسادة wisāda pl. -āt, وسائد wasā’id2 pillow, cushion

موسد muwassad easy, smooth, paved (way)

موسر see يسر

وسط II to place, put, or set in the middle (هـ s.th.); to choose or appoint as mediator (بين ه s.o. between) V to be in the middle or center (iJ of); to stand in the middle, keep to the middle, hold the middle between two extremes, steer a middle course; to mediate (ب ل for s.o. s.th.; بين between), act as mediator or go-between (في in)

وسط wasaṭ, وسط pl. اوساط ausāṭ middle; center, heart; waist; milieu, environment, surroundings, sphere; means, instrument, agent, medium; mediocrity, medium quality, average; pl. circles, quarters, classes, strata (of the population; -- wasaṭ pl. اوساط ausāṭ median, medial, middle, central; in the middle, middle-of-the-road, moderate; intermediate (between two extremes); middling, mediocre, coverage, mean, medium; -- wasṭa (prep.) in the middle, heart, or center of, in the midst of, amid, among | في وسط من (wasaṭin) in the middle or midst of, within; في الوسط in the very center; midway; of medium quality; في وسطنا in our midst, among us; وسط الصيف midsummer; حجم وسط (ḥajm) medium size; حل وسط (ḥall) middle solution, middle course, compromise; السيرة الوسط (sīra) medium pace; a moderate, neutral attitude; الأوساط الدبلوماسية diplomatic circles; الأوساط العامة (‘āmma) the general public, the public at large; اوساط الناس the middle classes

وسطي wasaṭī of or relative to the milieu or environment

وسطاني wasṭānī middle, central, medial, median; intermediate; middling, medium, mediocre

وسطية wasṭīya pl. -āt patio, inner courtyard

وساطة wisāṭa mediation, intervention; good offices, recommendation, intercession | بوساطة by means of, through, by, per; عن وساطة فلان through the good offices of s.o. قدم وساطته to offer one’s good offices for

وسيط wasīṭ pl. وسطاء middle, intermediary, intermediate, medial, median; mediator, intercessor; intermediary; agent, go-between, broker, middleman; medium (occultism) العصر الوسيط (‘aṣr) the Middle Ages

وسيطة wasīṭa pl. وسائط wasā’iṭ2 means, medium | وسائط المواصلات والنقل w. al-muwāṣalāt wa-n-naql means of communication and transportation

اوسط ausaṭ2 pl. اواسط awāsīṭ2, f. وسطى wusṭā pl. وسط wusaṭ middle, central; الوسطى the middle finger | في اواسط هذا الأسبوع (usbū‘) in the middle of this week; اواسط الشهر a. aš-šahr the middle of the month; اواسط افريقية Central Africa; اوروبا الوسطى (urubbā)) Central Europe; الشرق الأوسط (šarq) the Middle East; الطبقات الوسطى (ṭabaqāt) the middle classes; القرون (العصور) الوسطى the Middle Ages; نتيجة وسطى mean result, average

توسط tawassuṭ mediation, intervention; situation or position in the middle, intermediateness, intermediacy; mediocrity

واسطة wāsiṭa pl. وسائط mediator, mediatress, intermediary; mediacy, agency, instrumentality, agent, device, means, medium; expedient | بواسطة by means of, through, by, per; on the part of, by; بالوساطة indirectly, mediately; بهذه الواسطة by this means or device, by that; بوساطة ذلك by means of that, by that; واسطة الاتصال w. al-ittiṣāl link

متوسط mutawassiṭ middle, medium; medial, median, intermediate; centrally located, central; mediating, intermediary; mediator, go between; mean, average | متوسط الحال those of average means; متوسط الحجم m. al-ḥajm middle-sized, of medium size; متوسط العمر m. al-‘umr middle-aged; متوسط القامة of medium height, middle-sized; متوسط النوع m. an-nau‘ middling, of medium quality; البحر الأبيض المتوسط (baḥr, abyaḍ) the Mediterranean; موجات متوسطة (maujāt) medium waves (radio); متوسط الهجوم center forward (soccer)

وسع wasu‘a يوسع yausu‘u (وساعة wasā‘a) to be wide, roomy, spacious, vast, extensive; -- wasi‘a يسع yasa‘u (سعة sa‘a) to be wide, roomy, spacious; to be well-to-do, be well off; to hold, accommodate, house, seat, etc. (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), have room, have capacity (هـ, ه for); to contain, comprise, comprehend, encompass, include (هـ s.th.); to be large enough, suffice, be sufficient, adequate, enough (هـ, ه for); wasi‘a yasa‘u (وسع wus‘, سعة sa‘a) esp. with negation: to be possible (ه for s.o.), be permitted, be allowed (ه to s.o.), be in s.o.’s (ه ) power, be up to s.o. (ه ); to be able (هـ to do s.th.), be capable (هـ of); to be allowed (هـ to do s.th.) | لا يسعني ان اقول I cannot say; ما اسع ذلك I can’t do that II to make wider, roomier, more spacious (هـ s.th.); to extend expand (هـ s.th.); to widen, enlarge (هـ or من s.th.); to broaden (هـ s.th.); to be generous, liberal, openhanded (على toward s.o., هـ ه toward s.o. with s.th.); to make rich. enrich (على s.o.) | وسع خطاه (kuṭāhu) to take longer strides, stride out, quicken one’s pace; وسع المكان ل (makāna) to make room for IV = II; to be or become rich | اوسعه برا (birran) to treat s.o. with the greatest reverence, bestow ample favors upon s.o.: اوسعه شتما (šatman) to heap abuse on s.o.; اوسعه ضربا (ḍarban) to give s.o. a sound beating, wall s.o.; اوسع النفقة (nafaqata) to incur great expenses V to be extended, be expanded, be widened; to spread (out), expand, widen, expand; to have enough room, sit comfortably; to make o.s. comfortable, make o.s. at home (في in); to enlarge, expatiate (في on), talk or write at great length (في about); to proceed (في in); to continue (في s.th., in s.th.) | توسع في النفقة (nafaqa) to incur great expenses VIII اتسع ittasa‘a to be extended, be expanded, be widened, be enlarged; to expand, widen, grow, increase; to stretch far and wide, be vast; to extend, range; to become rich; to be large or wide enough, suffice, be sufficient, adequate, enough (ل for); to hold, accommodate, house, seat, etc. (ل s.o., s.th.), have room (ل for); to be at s.o.’s (ل ) disposal; to be susceptible (ل of); to be able (~ to do s.th.). be capable (هـ of) | بكل ما تتسع له الكلمة من معنى (kalimatu, ma‘nan) in the widest sense of the word X to widen, expand, become wider; to become larger, increase in size; to find wide or large (هـ s.th.)

سعة sa‘a wideness, roominess, spaciousness; extent, range, compass; volume, holding capacity, capacity; capability, faculty, power, ability; comfortableness, comfort; plenty, abundance, profusion; luxury, affluence, wealth | ذو سعة well-to-do, wealthy; بسعة or عن سعة amply, abundantly; على الرحب والسعة (ruḥb) welcome! على قدر سعتي (qadri sa‘atī) to the best of my abilities; كان في سعة من رزقه (rizqihī) to be wealthy, live in luxury; سعة الصدر s. ṣadr patience, long-suffering; سعة كهربائية (kahrabā’īya) electric capacity; O سعة الموجة s. al-mauja amplitude (el.)

وسع wus‘ ability, capability, faculty; capacity; power, strength; holding capacity | وسعه wus‘uhū what he can do. what is in his power; في وسعه ان it is in his power to ..., he can …; في وسعي ان اقول I can, or I may, say; ليس في وسعه الا (illā) ha has no other possibility but ..., he cannot but ...; بذل وسعه to go to great pains, do one’s best or utmost

وسع wasa‘ vastness, vast space

وسعة wus‘a wideness, roominess, spaciousness; extent, range, compass; plenty, abundance, profusion (من of)

وسيع wasī‘ pl. وساع wisā‘ wide, vast; roomy, spacious, large; capacious

اوسع ausa‘2 wider, larger, roomier, more spacious | اوسع صدرا (ṣadran) more patient; اوسع مدى (madan) broader, wider

توسيع tausī‘ widening, expansion; broadening, extension; enlargement, increase

توسعة tausi‘a: اجل التوسع ajal at-t. reprieve, reprieve (jur.)

توسع tawassu‘ extending, extension, widening, increase, enlargement; expansion | مع التوسع in a wider sense, by extension; توسع استعماري (isti‘mārī) imperialistic expansion; O توسع الحرب t. al-ḥarb extension of the (theater of) war; سياسة التوسع siyāsat at-t. policy of expansion

توسعي tawassu‘ī expansionist (adj.) | سياسة توسعية (siyāsa) policy of expansion, expansionist policy

اتساع ittisā‘ extending, extension, extensiveness, wideness, spaciousness, vastness, expanse, range, scope, compass, extent; O amplitude (el.); O gauge (of railroad tracks); sufficiency, adequacy | اتساع في الكلام (kalām) vagueness of expression; عدم الاتساع ل ‘adam al-itt, insufficiency, inadequacy for

واسع wāsi‘ wide; broad; large, roomy, spacious, vast, sweeping, extensive; far-reaching | واسع الانتشار widespread; واسع الرحمة (العدل ) (al-‘adl) abounding in mercy (in justice); واسع الصدر w. aṣ-ṣadr patient; forbearing, indulgent, generous, magnanimous; واسع النطاق far-reaching, extensive; comprehensive; large-scale; رجل واسع الحيلة (rajul, ḥila) a resourceful, ingenious man; ثوب واسع (taub) wide or loose garment; سهل واسع (sahl) vast (sweeping) plain; شارع واسع broad street

موسوعة mausū‘a pl. -āt comprehensive work; encyclopedia; thesaurus

موسوعي mausū‘ī encyclopedic

موسع mūsī‘ rich, wealthy

متسع mutasi‘ wide, extensive, vast, spacious, roomy, large; ample, abundant, sufficient

متسع muttasa‘ space; room | لم يجد متسعا من الوقت ل (yajid, waqt) or لم يكن في الوقت متسع ل (yakun) not to have enough time for; O متسع حيوي (ḥayawī) lebensraum

وسق wasaqa يسق yasiqu (wasq) to load, freight (هـ هـ a ship with) IV do. VIII اتسق ittasaqa to be in good order, be well-ordered; to harmonize, be in keeping (مع with) X to be or become possible (ل for s.o.)

وسق wasq pl. وسق wusūq, اوساق ausāq load, freight, cargo

اتساق ittisāq harmony

متسق muttasiq in good order, well-ordered; balanced, harmonious

وسكي wiskī whiskey

وسل V to ingratiate o.s. curry favor (الى with), seek to gain access (الى to), seek or solicit s.o.’s (الى ) favor; to implore, beseech, entreat (الى s.o.), plead (الى with s.o.); to ask s.o.’s (ب ) help, turn with a request (ب to s.o.); to use as a means (ب s.th.), make use (ب of a means)

وسيلة wasīla pl. وسائل wasā’il2 means, medium; device, expedient, instrument, tool, agent; measure, step | وسائل الاحتياط precautionary measures, precautions; وسائل التعليم educational aids, training aids, material of instruction; وسائل التكييف air-conditioning installation; وسائل المواصلات w. al-muwāṣalāt means of communication; وسائل النقل w. an-naql means of transportation; ابتغى الوسيلة to try to ingratiate o.s. (ب الى with s.o. by s.th.); اتخذ منه وسيلة (ittakada) to regard s.th. as an expedient for ...

توسل tawassul request, entreaty, fervent plea; petition, application | توسلا الى tawassulan ilā so as to succeed by this means in ..., in order to get to the point where ...

وسائل النقل w. an-naql means of transportation; ابتغى الوسيلة to try to ingratiate s.o. (ب الى with s.o. by s.th); اتخذ منه الوسيلة ل (ittakada) to regard s.th. as an expedient for ...

توسل tawassul request, entreaty, fervent plea; petition, application | توسلا الى tawassulan ilā so as to succeed by this means in ..., in order to get to the point where ...

وسم wasama يسم yasimu (wasm, سمة sima) to brand (هـ cattle); to stamp, mark, brand (ب هـ, ه s.o., s.th. as) | وسمه بالعار to brand as infamous, stigmatize s.o. وسم جبينه ب (wusima jabīnuhū) to be written in s.o.’s face II to distinguish (ه s.o.) confer distinction (ه upon s.o.), award a decoration or order (ه to) V to scrutinize, regard attentively, watch closely (هـ s.th.); to examine carefully (هـ s.th.); to regard (ه s.o.) look at (ه ); to be marked, characterized (ب by) | توسم فيه خيرا (kairan) to see promising signs in s.o., expect a lot of good of s o., set great hopes on s.o. VIII اتسم ittasama to be branded; to be marked, characterized (ب by), to bear the stamp of (ب )

سمة sima pl. –āt, sign, mark, characteristic; outward characteristic, feature, trait; stamp, impress, character (of s.th.); visa (Saudi Ar.); pl. -āt also: features, facial expression, mien, bearing

وسم wasm pl. وسوم wusūm brand; tribal mark, tribal brand, characteristic, mark; coat or arms

وسام wisām pl. اوسمة ausima badge; decoration, medal; order; badge or honor | وسام الاستحقاق order or merit; وسام ربطة الساق w. rabṭat as-sāq Order or the Garter; وسام الشرف (جوقة الشرف ) w. aš-šaraf (jauqat aš-š.) Legion of Honor; الوسام العلوي (‘alawī) the Moroccan “ouissam alaouite”

وسامة wasāma grace, gracefulness, charm, beauty

وسيم wasīm pl. وسماء wusamā’2, وسام wisām graceful, comely, pretty, good-looking; beautiful (face)

موسم mawāsim pl. مواسم mawāsim2 time or the year, season; festive season; specif., the Muslim hadj festival); festival, feast day, holiday; fair; bed date, deadline; harvest | المواسم والأعياد the feasts and holidays; موسم الاصطياف summer season (of a health resort); موسم تمثيلي (tamtīlī) or موسم مسرحي (masraḥī) theater season; موسم الحج m. al-ḥajj season or the Pilgrimage; موسم القطن m. al-quṭn cotton harvest, cotton season

موسمي mausimī: الريح الموسمية (rīḥ) the monsoon

ميسم mīsam pl. مواسم mawāsim2, مياسم mayāsim2 branding iron; brand; stigma

موسوم mausūm branded; stigmatized; marked, characterized (ب with)

وسن wasina يوسن yausanu (wasan, سنة sina) to sleep, slumber

وسن wasan slumber, doze

سنة sina slumber, doze | سنة من النوم (naum) a short nap

وسن wasin sleepy, drowsy, somnolent

وسنان wasnān2, f. وسنى wasnā sleepy, drowsy, somnolent

وسوس waswasa to speak under one’s breath, whisper (ل or الى to s.o.); to inatill evil

(ل or الى in s.o.; passion, devil), prompt or tempt s.o. (ل or الى ) with wicked suggestion; to awaken doubts, arouse scruples (ل or الى in s.o.’s mind; conscience) II tawaswasa to reel uneasy, have scruples, be anxious, worried, full of apprehensions; to be in doubt, have misgivings, be suspicious

وسواس waswās pl. وساوس wasāwis2 devilish insinuation, temptation; disturbance; scruple; misgiving, suspicion; rustling, rustle, whisper (or leaves, and the like)

وسواس waswās pl. وساوس wasāwis2 devilish insinuation, temptation; wicked thoughts; doubt, misgiving, suspicion; delusion, fixed idea; uneasiness, anxiety, concern; melancholy; الوسواس the Tempter, Satan | وسواس القطن w. al-quṭn cotton buds

موسوس muwaswas obsessed with delusions

1 وسى IV to shave (هـ the head)

موسى mūsā f., pl. مواس mawāsin, امواس amwās straight razor; see also alphabetically

2 وسى III (variant or اسى III) and مواساة see اسى

وشب wišb pl. اوشاب awšāb horde, mob, crowd

وشيج wašīj: وشيج الاتصال w. al-ittiṣāl closely connected

وشيجة wašīja pl. وشائج wašā’ij close tie

متواشج mutwāsij connected, interrelated

وشح III to adorn or dress (ه s.o., with the wišāḥ, q.v.) V and VIII اتشاح ittašḥa to put on, don (ب a belt, sash, and the like),; to throw on loosely (ب a cloak or similar garment); to garb o.s. (ب with); to assume (ب a name), go by a name (ب )

وشاح wišāḥ, wušāḥ pl. وشح wušuḥ, اوشحة aušiḥa, وشائح wašā’iḥ2 ornamented belt worn by women (in older times, a double band worn sashlike over the shoulder); sash, scarf, cummerbund; band (esp., of an order); tie, bond (fig.); swordbelt; military sash

وشاحة wišāḥa sword

توشيح taušīḥ pl. تواشيح tawāšīḥ composition (mus.); postclassical form of Arab poetry, arranged in stanzas

موشح muwaššah, موشحة muwaššaḥa pl. -āt postclassical form of Arab poetry, arranged in stanzas

متشح muttašiḥ clad, garbed, attired (ب in)

وشر wašara يشر yaširu (wašr) to saw, saw apart (هـ s.th.)

موشور maušūr pl. مواشير mawāšīr2 prism

موشوري maušūrī prismatic(al)

وشع II to reel, spool (هـ cotton)

وشيع wašī‘ hedge

وشيعة wašī‘a pl. وشائع wašā’i‘2 reel, spool, bobbin | وشيعة التحريض induction coil (el.)

وشق wašaq lynx (zool.)

وشك wašuka يوشك yaušuku (wašk, وشاكة wašāka) and II to be quick, hurry IV to be on the point or verge (ان of doing s.th.), be about to do s.th. (على or أن ), be close (على to) | يوشك أن he almost ..., he all but ...

وشك wašak, wušk speed, swiftness, hurry | على وشك أن on the point or verge of (doing s.th.), about to (do s.th.), على وشك الخروج about to go out, just going out

وشكان waškān, wuškān speed, swiftness

وشيك wašīk imminent, impending, near, forthcoming | وشيك الزوال w. az-zawāl doomed to early ruin; وشيك الحل w. al-ḥall close to a solution, almost solved (problem)

وشل wašal pl. اوشال aušāl dripping water, tears

وشم wašama يشم yašinu (wašm) and II to tattoo (هـ s.th.)

وشم wašm pl. وشام wišām, وشوم wušūm tattoo, tattoo mark

وشيمة wašīma enmity, hostility, malice

وشنة wašna, wišna (eg.) morello, mahaleb cherry

وشوش wašwaša to whisper in s.o.’s (ه ) ear II tawašwaša to whisper

وشوشة wašwaša whispering, whisper

وشى wašā يشي yašī (wašy) to embellish, ornament with many colors, embroider (هـ a fabric); -- (wašy, وشاية wišāya) to slander, defame (الى ب s.o. with); to inform (ب against), denounce, betray (ب s.o.) II to embellish, ornament with many colors, embroider (هـ a fabric)

شية šiya pl. -āt blotch, spot; blemish, flaw, fault, defect; mark, sign

وشي wašy pl. وشاء wišā’ many-colored

ornamentation, embroidery; embroidered or painted fabrics

وشاء waššā’ vendor of embroidered or painted fabrics

وشاية wišāya defamation, slander

توشية taušiya embellishment, ornamentation; embroidery

واش wāšin pl. واشون wāšūn, وشاة wušāh traitor; slanderer, calumniator; informer, denunciator

وضب waṣaba يصب yaṣibu (وصوب wuṣub) to last; -- waṣiba يوصب yauṣabu (waṣab) and V to be (chronically) ill

وصب waṣab pl. اوصاب auṣāb illness; discomfort, hardship, suffering

واصب wāṣib lasting, permanent

وصد waṣada يصد yaṣidu (waṣad) to be firm, stand firmly IV to close, shut (هـ a door) | اوصد الباب في وجهه (wajhihī) to block s.o.’s way, deny s.o. access

وصيد waṣīd pl. وصد wuṣud threshold, doorstep

وصف waṣafa يصف yaṣfu (waṣf) to describe, depict, portray, picture (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to characterize (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to praise, laud, extol (ه s.o.); to attribute, ascribe (ب ه to s.o., quality), credit (ب ه s.o. with), praise (ب ه s.o. for), say s.th. (ب ) to s.o.’s (ه ) credit; to prescribe (ل هـ a medicine to s.o.) | لا يوصف (yūṣafu) indescribable; nondescript VI to describe to one another, tell one another (هـ s.th.) VIII اتصف ittaṣafa to be described; to possess as a characteristic (ب a quality or peculiarity); to be distinguished, known, characterized, marked (ب by a quality, property, peculiarity) X to consult (ه a doctor)

صفة ṣifa pl. -āt quality, property; attribute; characteristic, distinguishing mark, peculiarity; adjective (gram.); asyndetio relative clause (without relative pronoun; gram.); way, manner | بصفة as, in the capacity of; بصفته وزيرا in his capacity of minister, as a minister; بصفة خاصة (kāṣṣa) in particular, especially, specifically; بصفة غير رسمية (gair rasmīyatin) unofficially

وصف waṣf description, depiction, portrayal, characterization; -- (pl. اوصاف auṣāf) quality, property; characteristic, distinguishing mark, peculiarity; adjective (gram.); pl. اوصاف description of a person | شيء يفوق الوصف (yafūqu l-waṣfa) a thing beyond description, an indescribable thing; اخذ اوصافه to take down s.o.’s personal description

وصفة waṣfa description, depiction, portrayal; medical prescription

وصفي waṣfī descriptive, depictive

وصاف waṣṣāf describer, depicter

وصيف waṣīf pl. وصفاء wuṣafā’2 servant; page

وصيفة waṣīfa pl. وصائف waṣā’if2 maid, servant girl; maid of honor, lady in waiting

مواصفة muwāṣafa detailed description; explanation, interpretation; specification; pl. -āt specifications | مواصفة العلاج directions for treatment

موصوف mauṣūf described, depicted, portrayed, pictured; characterized (ب by), having II attribute (ب s.th.); noun followed by attribute or asyndetic relative clause (gram.); prescribed

متصف muttaṣif characterized (ب by), possessing II a property or an attribute (ب s.th.)

مستوصف mustauṣaf pl. -āt clinic

وصل waṣala يصل yaṣilu (waṣl, صلة ṣila) to connect, join, unite, combine, link, interlock (ب هـ s.th. with), attach (ب هـ s.th. to); to establish (صلة ṣilatan a contact, a connection; a relation بين – و between -- and); to bring into relation (بين – و s.th. with s.th. else); to give (ب s.o. s.th.), bestow, confer (ب ه upon s.o. s.th.), award (ب ه to s.o. s.th.); -- (وصول wuṣūl) to arrive (الى or هـ at a place); to come to s.o.’s (الى or ه ) hands; to reach (الى or هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to come, get (الى or هـ, ه to); to reach (الى or هـ an amount), amount to (الى or هـ ); to enter (الى a phase); to get (الى ب s.o. to or to the point where) | وصلني خطاب I have received a letter; وصله الخبر (kabar)he received the news; يصل هذا الى حد كذا (ḥaddi k.) this gets to the point where ...; وصل الى الصفحة الحاصمة (ṣafḥa) to enter the decisive phase II to connect, join, unite, combine (ب هـ s.th. with); to make (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.) get (الى to), see that s.o. or s.th. (هـ, ه ) gets to (هـ ); to get, take, bring, move, lead, show, conduct, convey, channel (الى هـ, ه s.o., s.th. to); to give (ه s.o.) a ride, a lift; to carry, transport, transfer, convey (الى, هـ s.th. to); to deliver, transmit, communicate (الى هـ s.th. to); to conduct, act as a conductor (el.); to accompany, escort (الى ه s.o. to); to connect (الى هـ s.th. to an electric circuit, ب هـ one apparatus with another, an electric device with the main line), plug in (هـ s.th.); to turn on, switch on (هـ s.th.; el.) III to continue (في or هـ s.th.), proceed (في or هـ in or with); to persist, persevere (في or هـ in); to be connected (هـ with), bear (هـ on), belong, pertain (هـ to); to be close friends, maintain close relations (ه with s.o.); to have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman) | واصل الليل بالنهار (laila, nahāri) to work day and night; واصل جهده (سعيه) في (jahdahū, sa‘yahū) to make untiring efforts for IV = II; O to put through (a long-distance call) | اوصل كل ذي حق بحقه (kulla dī ḥaqqin bi-ḥaqqihī) to give everyone his due V to obtain access (الى to); to gain access by certain means (الى to), get (الى into) in come way or other; to attain (الى to), arrive (الى at), reach (الى s.th.), come by s.th. (الى ) VI to be interconnected; to form an uninterrupted sequence VIII اتصل ittaṣala to be joined (ب to), be connected (ب with); to combine, unite (ب with); to get in touch (ب with s.o., also, e.g., by telephone); to contact (ب s.o.); to have relation (ب to), bear (ب on), be connected, have to do (ب with); to join (ب s.o. or s.th.); to be attached (ب to); to be near s.o. or a place (ب ), be adjacent, continuous (ب to), adjoin (ب s.th.), border, abut (ب on), belong (ب to); to come to s.o.’s (ب ) knowledge; to be continued, continue, go on; to be continuous, form a continuous chain; to be related (الى to); to trace one’s descent (الى to); to come, get (الى to), arrive (الى at), reach (الى s.th.) | قد اتصل بنا ان it has come to our knowledge that ...; اتصل به تلفونيا to get in touch with s.o. by telephone, have o.s. connected with; اتصلت به النار to catch fire

صلة ṣila pl. -āt junction, juncture; relation; connection; link, tie, bond; relationship, kinship; present, gift, grant; syndetic relative clause (gram.); O leadin, lead-in wire (radio) | صلة الوصل ṣ. al-waṣl connecting link

وصل waṣl junction, juncture, connection; union, combination; linkage, nexus; synopsis, summary; reunion of lovers; (pl. اوصال auṣāl) relation, link, tie, connection; contact (el.); (pl. وصولات wuṣūlāt) voucher, receipt | وصل الفائت synopsis of the previous chapters of a newspaper serial; ليلة الوصل lailat al-w. last night of a lunar month

وصل wuṣl, wiṣl pl. اوصال auṣāl limb, member (of the body); pl. articulations, joints | حل اوصاله (ḥalla) or قطع اوصاله to dismember, dissect s.th.

وصلة waṣla a character ( ٓ ) over silent alif (gram.)

وصلة wuṣla pl. -āt, وصل wuṣal junction, juncture; connection; contact (el.); attachment, fastening, fixture; tie, link; joint (also arch.); hinge; connecting piece, coupling; inset, insertion; overlap (arch.); line of communication; hyphen | وصلة التمدد w. at-tamaddud expansion joint (arch.)

وصلية waṣlīya connecting road, side road; feeder road

وصول wuṣūl arrival; attainment, obtainment, achievement; receipt; (pl. -āt) receipt, voucher

وصولي wuṣūlī upstart, parvenu

وصيل waṣīl inseparable friend, intimate, chum

الموصل al-mauṣil Mosul (city in N Iraq)

توصيل tauṣīl uniting, joining, connecting; supply, feed; connection, junction; electric contact, feed wire, feeder; electric circuit, connection layout, connection; conductivity (el.); communication, transmission, transfer, conveyance;

delivery; execution, dispatch, discharge; (pl. تواصيل tawāṣīl) receipt, voucher | O توصيل الى الأرض (arḍ) ground connection, ground (radio); O توصيل على التضاعف (taḍā‘uf) multiple connection, series parallel (el.); O توصيل على التوازي (tawāzī) parallel connection (el.); O توصيل على التوالي series connection (el.); جيد التوصيل jayyid at-t. or good conductivity, good conductor (el.); O سداد التوصيل saddād at-t. (male) plug (el.)

توصيلة tausīla connection, contact (el.) | توصيلة الأرض t. al-arḍ ground connection (radio)

وصال wiṣāl reunion, being together (of lovers); communion (in love)

مواصلة muwāṣala connection; continuation, continuance; continuity; pl. -āt lines of communication, communications | مواصلة حديدية (ḥadīdīya) rail communication; مواصلة سلكية (silkīya) wire communication; اسباب المواصلة means of communication, communications; طرق المواصلات ṭuruq al-m. traffic routes; وزارة المواصلات ministry of communications

ايصال īṣāl pl. -āt joining, connecting, junction; uniting, union; connection; communication; conveyance; transport, transportation; passage; transmission; putting through (of a long-distance call); receipt, voucher

توصل tawaṣṣul attainment (الى of an objective), achievement (الى of a purpose); arrival; reunion

تواصل tawāṣul continuance; continuity | بتواصل continually, persistently

اتصال ittiṣāl connectedness, unitedness, union; juncture, conjunction, link; connection; contact; liaison; establishment of contacts; tuning in (of a radio); contacting (ب of), getting in touch (ب with); junction, intersection (of two roads); continuance, continuation; continuity | على اتصال ب in touch with; استمر في اتصاله ب (istamarra) to keep in touch with s.o.; نقطة الاتصال nuqṭat al-itt. points of contact; اتصال تلفوني telephone connection

موصول mauṣūl bound, tied; glued, riveted (ب to), fixed (ب on; of the eyes); relative pronoun (gram.) | اياما موصولة (ayyāman) for several (or many) consecutive days, for some time

موصل muwaṣṣil pl. -āt conductor (el.) | O موصل ارضي (arḍī) ground wire (radio); O موصل سلكي (silkī) wire, wiring (el.)

متواصل mutawāṣil persistent, continued, continuous, continual, unceasing, incessant, uninterrupted

متصل muttaṣil persistent, continued, continuous, continual, unceasing, incessant, uninterrupted; adjoining, adjacent, contiguous | ضمير متصل pronominal suffix (gram.); متصل الحلقات m. al-ḥalaqāt closely interlinked, closely connected

وصم waṣama to disgrace, tarnish, blemish (هـ name, honor); to afflict with the blemish (ب of s.th.; ه s.o.), put the blame for s.th. (ب ) on s.o. (ه ) V to be tarnished, sullied (honor)

وصم waṣm disgrace

وصمة waṣma disgrace; mark of disgrace, stain, blot, blemish; fault, flaw, shortcoming, defeat; ailing condition, malaise

توصيم tauṣīm sailing condition, malaise

وصوص waṣwaṣa to peep through a hole or crack; (also = وسوس ) to whisper

وصوص waṣwaṣ and وصواص waṣwāṣ pl. وصاوص waṣāwiṣ peephole

وصوصة waṣwaṣa furtive glance, peep, peek

وصو II and IV to entrust, commend, commit (ب ه to s.o.’s charge or care s.o.); to direct, bid, advice, counsel (ب ه s.o. to do s.th.), recommend (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), impress (ب ه on s.o. s.th.); to order (ه s.o., ب to do s.th.), charge, commission (ب ه s.o. with), enjoin (ب ه on s.o. s.th.), make s.th. (ب ) incumbent (ه on s.o.); to order (ب ه from s.o. s.th.), give s.o. (ه ) an order for (ب ), place an order (ب ه with s.o. for); to decree (ب s.th.); to make one’s will; to will, determine or decree by will (ان that); to bequeath, make over, transfer by will (ب ل to s.o. s.th.); to appoint as executor (الى s.o.) | اوصاه خيرا ب (kairan) he urged him to take care of X استوصى به خيرا (kairan) to make s.th. one’s concern (or one’s business), make a point of s.th. (in deference to another’s recommendation); to mean well, have the best intentions with; استوصى بالأجر خيرا (bi-l-ajri kairan) to fix a moderate or low price

وصي wasīy pl. اوصياء auṣiyā’ plenipotentiary, mandatory, authorized agent, commissioner; executor; legal guardian, curator, tutor; administrator, caretaker, trustee; regent; testator; client, principal, mandator | وصى على العرش (‘arš) regent, prince regent

وصية waṣīya pl. وصايا waṣāyā direction, directive, instruction, injunction, order, command, commandment; recommendation advice, counsel, admonition, exhortation; will, testament, testamentary disposition; bequest, legacy | الوصايا العشر (‘ašr) the Ten Commandments

وصاة waṣāh and وصاية prescription; order, ordinance, regulation, decree; instruction, direction, advice, counsel

وصاية wiṣāya guardianship, curatorship, tutorship; executorships; tutelage; mandate (pol.); trusteeship | مجلس الوصاية majlis al-w. regency council

توصية tauṣiya pl. -āt, تواص tawāṣin recommendation; admonition, exhortation, advice, counsel; proposal, suggestion; order, instruction, direction, commission, mandate; (commercial) order, commission | بالتوصية to order, on commission; خطاب توصية letter of recommendation; شركة توصية širkat t. limited partnership

ايصاء īṣā’ = توصية ; appointment of an executor (Isl. Law)

موص muwaṣṣin and mūṣin client, principal; mandator, testator | شريك موص silent partner

موصى به mūṣan bihī that which has been disposed of; bequeathed, willed; bequest, legacy; decreed, ordered; recommended; موصى عليه registered (letter); الموصى له legatee; heir; الموصى اليه executor

وضؤ waḍu’a يوضؤ yauḍu’u (وضوء wuḍū’, وضاءة waḍā’a) to be pure, clean V to perform the ritual ablution before prayer

وضاء brilliant, radiant, bright

وضاءة wuḍā’a purity, cleanness, cleanliness

وضوء wuḍū’ purity, cleanness, cleanliness; ritual ablution before prayer

وضوء waḍū’ water for the ritual ablution

وضيء waḍī’ pl. وضاء wiḍā’ pure, clean

توضؤ tawaḍḍu’ ritual ablution

ميضأة mīḍa’a and ميضاءة mīḍā’a fountain or basin for the ritual ablution

توضيب taḍīb arrangement; preparation; dressing, processing (mining industry)

وضح waḍaḥa يضح yaḍiḥu (وضوح wuḍūḥ) to be or become clear, plain, patent, manifest, evident; to appear, show, come out, come to light, become visible II and IV to make clear, make plain (هـ s.th.); to explain, explicate, clear up, clarify, expound, elucidate, illustrate (هـ s.th.); to set forth, propound (هـ s.th.); to make visible, make manifest, show (هـ s.th.); to indicate, designate, denote, express (هـ s.th.) V = I; to be made clear, be clarified, be cleared up; to be shown, be indicated; to be obvious VIII اتضح ittaḍaḥa = I and V; to follow clearly (من from), be explained (من by) X to ask (ه s.o.) for an explanation, for clarification (هـ of s.th.); to examine, investigate, explore

(هـ or عن s.th.), inquire, search (هـ or عن into); to try to see clear (هـ in), seek to understand clearly (هـ s.th.)

وضح waḍaḥ pl. اوضاح auḍāḥ light, brilliance, luminosity, brightness | في وضح النهار (w. in-nahār) in broad daylight

وضاح waḍḍāḥ) bright, clear, brilliant, shining, luminous

وضوح wuḍūḥ clarity, clearness, plainness, distinctness; visibleness; obviousness; appearance | بوضوح clearly, plainly, distinctly

اوضح auḍaḥ2 clearer

توضيح tauḍīḥ elucidation; showing, visualization; explanation; clarification; explication, illustration

ايضاح īḍāḥ pl. -āt elucidation; showing, visualization; explanation; clarification; explication, illustration

ايضاحي īḍāḥī clarifying, explanatory, explicatory, illustrative, elucidative

اتضاح ittiḍāḥ clarity, clearness; plainness, distinctness; visibleness, manifestness

استيضاح istīḍāḥ pl. -āt request for clarification, inquiry, formal question, interpellation

واضح wāḍiḥ clear, lucid; plain, distinct; obvious, patent, manifest; visible, conspicuous; evident, apparent, ostensible | وضح بذاته (bi-dātihī) self-evident; self-explanatory; من الواضح ان it is obvious that ...; الأمر واضح وضوح الشمس في رابعه (wuḍūḥa š-šamsi fī rābi‘ati n-nahār) the matter is clear as daylight

متضح muttaḍiḥ plain, distinct; clear; obvious, patent, manifest

وضر waḍar pl. اوضار auḍār dirt, filth

وضع waḍa‘a يضع yaḍa‘u (waḍ‘) to lay, lay off, lay on, lay down, put down (هـ s.th.); to set down (هـ s.th.); to place (هـ s.th.); to set up, erect (هـ s.th.); to fix, attach, affix (في هـ s.th. to. on, in); to lay, put (في هـ s.th. into); to impose (على هـ s.th. on s.o.); to take (عن هـ s.th. from s.o.), rid of a burden, unburden (عن s.o.), unsaddle (عن a horse); to bear (ه a child), give birth to (ه ); to invent, contrive, devise, originate, produce (هـ s.th.); to found, establish, set up, start (هـ s.th.); to write down, put down in writing, set down, lay down (هـ s.th.); to write, compile, compose (هـ a book or similar work of the mind), create (هـ s.th.); to coin (هـ a new word, a new term, or the like); to humble, humiliate, disparage (من or ه s.o.), derogate, detract (من or ه from); -- (waḍ‘, وضوع wuḍū‘, ضعة ḍa‘a, di‘a) with نفسه nafsahu: to abase o.s. humble o.s.; -- waḍu‘a يوضع yauḍu‘u (وضاعة waḍā‘a) to be low, lowly, humble | وضع اساسا (asāsan) to lay a foundation, lay a cornerstone; وضع ثقته في (tiqatahu) to place one’s confidence in; وضع جانبا (على جانب ) (jāniban) to lay, or put, s.th. aside; وضعه في جيبه (jaibihī) to put s.th. in one’s pocket; وضع حدا ل (ḥaddan) to put an end to s.th.; وضع ختما على (katman) to please a seal on; وضع السلاح to lay down arms; وضع السلسلة في عنقه wuḍi‘at is-silsilatu fī ‘unuqihī approx.: to have a millstone about one’s neck, he seriously handicapped; وضع مشروعا to make or form a plan; وضع من قدره (qadrihī) to depreciate s.th., lower the value of s.th.; وضع تقريرا to write or make a report; وضع اقتراحات to draw up proposals, make suggestions; وضع في مقدمة اهتمامه (muqaddamati htimāmihī) to devote particular attention to s.th., make s.th. one’s foremost concern, give priority to s.th.; وضع لفظا ل (lafẓan) to coin a word for; وضع للفظ معنى خاصا به (li-l-lafẓi ma‘nan kāṣṣan bihī) to give a special meaning to an expression, place a particular construction on an expression; وضعه نصب عينيه (nuṣba ‘ainaihi) to point out, demonstrate s.th. to s.o.; وضع نظارته على عينيه (naẓẓāratahū) to put on one’s glasses; وضع نظما (nuẓuman) to lay down rules, وضع على حدة (ḥidatin) to set s.th. apart, single out s.th.; وضع موضعه (mauḍi‘ahū) to put s.th. in the place of s.th. else; وضعه موضع التنفيذ (mauḍi‘ahū) to put s.th. into force, make s.th. effective or operative; to implement s.th.; وضع موضع الشك (mauḍi‘a š-šakk) to doubt s.th., question s.th.; وضعه موضع العمل (mauḍi‘a l-‘amal) to put s.th. into action, translate s.th. into deeds; وضع الفكرة موضع الفعل (fikrata mauḍi‘a l-fi‘l) to translate the idea into action; وضع نفسه موضع فلان to put o.s. in s.o.’s position; وضع في غير موضعه to mislay, misplace s.th.; وضع يده على (yadahū) to take possession of, lay hold of; وضع يده على الف اسير to take 1,000 prisoners; وضع يده على ضميره to lay one’s hand over one’s heart; وضع من يده (yadihī) to lay s.th. aside, toss s.th. aside; وضعه تحت يده to put s.th. in s.o.’s power IV to hurry; to take an active part, participate actively (في in); pass. ūḍi‘a to suffer losses (في in) VI to behave humbly and modestly, to abase o.s., humble o.s.; to agree, come to an agreement (على on) VIII اتضع ittaḍa‘a to humble o.s., abase o.s.

ضعة ḍa‘a, ḍi‘a lowness, lowliness, humbleness; scantiness, poorness, inferiority

وضع waḍ‘ pl. اوضاع auḍā‘ laying down; putting down; laying on; fixing, attaching; setting up; placing; writing down, record(ing)j drawing up, execution (of a document, deed, etc.); composition (of a printed work); writing, compilation (of a book); creation; invention; coining (of a word); coinage; conclusion (of a treaty); parturition, delivery, childbirth; regulation, rule; sketch, draft; attitude, bearing, carriage; posture, pose (of the body, e.g., in dancing, before a camera); position, location; situation; statement (math.); foundation, establishment; -- humiliation; -- pl. اوضاع circumstances, conditions; statutes; rules, principles; manner; mores, practices, usages, customs; conventions, conventional rules | وضعا وقولا wad‘an wa-qaulan in words and deeds; الوضع الحالي the present situation; وضع اليد w. al-yad laying on of the hand; occupation, occupancy, seizure; آلام الوضع labor pains

وضعة waḍ‘a, wiḍ‘a situation; position

وضعي waḍ‘ī relating to situation or position, situational, positional; positive; positivistic; positivist (philos.); man-made; based on convention, conventional | قانون وضعي positive law (jur.); القيم الوضعية (qiyam) decimals (math.)

وضعية waḍī‘ya situation; positivism (philos.)

وضاعة waḍā‘a lowness, lowliness, humbleness

وضيع waḍī‘ pl. وضعاء wuḍa‘ā’2 lowly, humble, base, vulgar, common; plebeian; low; inferior | الطبقة الوضعية (ṭabaqa) the lowest class; الوضيع الرفيع low and high, the lowly and the great

وضيعة waḍī‘a pl. وضائع waḍā’i‘2 s.th. put down, laid down or deposited; s.th. entrusted to s.o.’s custody, trust, charge, deposit; (īsl. Law) resale with a loss; price reduction, rebate

موضع mauḍi‘ pl. مواضع mawāḍi‘2 place, spot, site, locality; passage (in a book); object (of s.th.); position, situation, location; rank; occasion | في موضعه in the right place, at the right time, timely, convenient, opportune; في غير موضعه in the wrong place, out of place; في موضع الحال in the present case; كان موضع حفاوة (mauḍi‘a ḥafāwatin) he was the object of a (festive) reception; موضع الاعجاب m. al-i‘jāb object of admiration; موضع الحنان m. al-ḥanān object of sympathy; see also waḍa‘a I; موضع قدم m. qadamin a foot (of ground)

موضعي mauḍi‘ī local

تواضع tawāḍu‘ humility, modesty; lowness, lowliness, humbleness

اتضاع ittiḍā‘ humility, modesty; lowness, lowliness, humbleness

واضع wāḍi‘ writer, author; creator; inventor; originator; in childbed; unveiled (woman) | واضع اليد al-yad occupier, occupant; holder of actual possession, possessor (jur.)

موضوع mauḍū‘ pl. -āt, مواضيع mawāḍī‘2 object; theme, subject, topic; question, problem, issue; subject matter, matter; treatise, essay, article, paper; axiom; postulate (math.) | فهرس الموضوعات fihris al-m. table of contents, index; ادرك الموضوع adraka l-mauḍū‘a he got the point; غير ذي موضوع not topical, not timely

موضوعي mauḍū‘ī objective; concerning the subject matter, the subject itself (not the form)

موضوعية mauḍū‘īya objectivism (philos.)

مواضعات muwāḍa‘āt analogous (word) coinings

متواضع mutawāḍi‘ humble; modest, unpretentious, unassuming, simple; small, little, insignificant

وضم waḍam pl. اوضام auḍām meat counter, meat block, butcher’s block

وطئ waṭI’a يطأ yaṭa’u (وطء waṭ’) to tread underfoot (هـ s.th.), tread, step, walk (هـ on); to set foot (هـ on); to walk (هـ over); to mount (هـ a horse); to trample down, trample underfoot (هـ s.th.); to have sexual intercourse (to with a woman) II to pave, level, make smooth or even (هـ s.th., esp., the way); to make smooth and soft, prepare, fix up, make comfortable (هـ a seat, the bed, or the like, ل for s.o.); to make ready, prepare (هـ s.th.); to reduce, slash (هـ s.th.); to force down, press down (هـ s.th.); to lower (هـ s.th.) | وطأ صوته (ṣautahū) to lower the voice III to agree, be in agreement (على ه with s.o. on) IV to make (ه s.o.) step or tread (هـ on); to make (ه s.o.) trample down (هـ s.th.) VI to agree, be in agreement, cooperate, work hand in hand, act in concert, play into each other’s hands, act in collusion (على in s.th., in order to carry out s.th.)

وطء waṭ’ and وطاء waṭā’ low ground, depression

وطأة waṭ’a pressure; oppression, coercion, compulsion, force; gravity; violence, vehemence | شديد الوطأة cruel (على to), having a deadly effect (على on), of fatal consequences (على for); اشتدت وطأة الشيء (ištaddat) to aggravate, become grave, trying, grueling (distress); لاشتداد وطأة المرض li-št. w. il-maraḍ) because of the violence with which the disease struck

وطئ waṭI’ low; flat, level

اوطأ auṭa’2 lower

موطأ mauṭa’ and موطئ mauṭi’ pl. مواطئ mawāṭi’2 place where the fact is set down, footing, foothold; footprint, footstep, track; footstool | موطئ الأقدام m. al-aqdām a foot (of ground); مواطئ الأقدام the ground

توطئة tauṭi’a introduction, initiation; preparation; reduction, lowering | لتوطئة in preparation of ..., for the purpose of ...; توطئة الصوت t. aṣ-ṣaut lowering of the voice

مواطأة muwāṭa’a agreement; secret understanding, connivance, collusion

تواطؤ tawūṭu’ agreement; secret understanding, connivance, collusion

واطئ wāṭi’ low; muffled, subdued, soft (voice) | الأراضي الوطئة the Netherlands

وطب waṭb pl. وطاب wiṭāb, اوطاب auṭāb, اواطب awāṭib2 milkskin | مملوء الوطاب ب amply provided with; خالي الوطاب empty-handed

وطد waṭada يطد yaṭidu (waṭd) and II to make firm, strong or stable, strengthen, brace, reinforce, cement, consolidate, stabilize (هـ s.th.); to stamp down, ram, tamp (هـ earth, etc.); to pave (ل هـ the way for s.o.), prepare (ل هـ the ground for) | وطد ثقته في (tiqatahū) to rely firmly on, put one’s faith in; وطد العزم ان (‘azma) to resolve firmly to ..., come to the firm decision to ...; وطد عرى المحبة (‘urā l-maḥabba) to strengthen the bands of friendship; وطد اقدامه في (aqdāmahū) to gain a footing in

وطيد waṭīd firm; strong; solid, sturdy; unshakable | وطيد الأمل ب (w. al-amal) having strong hopes of, confident of

اوطاد auṭād mountains

ميطدة mīṭada rammer, tamper

توطيد tauṭīd strengthening, bracing, reinforcement, cementation; consolidation, stabilization | توطيد السلم t. as-silm safeguarding, or maintenance, of peace; توطيد سعر الفرنك t. si‘r al-f. stabilization of the franc

موطد muwaṭṭad firm, strong; solid, sturdy | موطد الأركان firmly established, resting on firm foundations

وطر waṭar pl. اوطار auṭār wish, desire; aim, end, object, purposed

وطيس waṭīs furnace | حمي الوطيس (ḥamiya) there was fierce fighting; حامي الوطيس fierce, grim, bitter (fighting)

وطش waṭaša يطش yaṭišu (waṭš) to strike, hit, slap (ه s.o.)

وطف waṭifa يوطف yauṭafu (waṭaf) to have bushy eyebrows

اوطف auṭaf2, f. وطفاء waṭfā’2 bushy-browed; وطفاء rain-heavy and low-hanging (cloud)

وطن waṭana يطن yaṭinu (waṭn) to dwell, live, reside, stay (ب in a place) II to choose for residence (هـ a place), settle down, get settled, take up one’s residence (هـ in a place) | وطن نفسه على (nafsahū) to get used to, adjust o.s. to, reconcile o.s. to, put up with; to prepare o.s. mentally for; to make up one’s mind to (do s.th.) V to settle down (هـ or ب in a place) | توطنت نفسه على (nfsuhū) = وطن نفسه على (see above) X to choose for residence (هـ a place); to settle (هـ a country); to settle down, get settled, take up one’s residence (هـ in); to live permanently (هـ in a place); to take root, become naturalized, acclimated (هـ in)

وطن waṭan pl. اوطان auṭān homeland, home country, fatherland; home | الوطن القبلي (qiblī) Cape Bon (tun.); الوطن القومي الاسرائيلي (qaumī, isrā’īlī) the Jewish National Home; اهل وطنه ahl w. his countrymen, his compatriots; حب الوطن ḥubb al-w. patriotism; O شائع الوطن cosmopolitan

وطني waṭanī home; native; indigenous, domestic; patriotic; national; nationalistic; (pl. -ūn) nationalist, patriot | مصنوعات وطنية domestic products, products of the country

وطنية waṭanīya nationalism; national sentiment, patriotism

موطن mauṭin pl. مواطن mawāṭin2 residence, domicile; habitat; native place, home town, home; native country, home country. fatherland; place, locality, area, region, section, district, zone; point, spot; right place; right time | موطن الضعف m. aḍ-ḍu‘f soft or sore spot; weak spot, weakness; وضع يده على موطن العلة (yadahū, m. il-‘illa) to lay one’s finger on an open sore, touch a sore spot; الموطن الوضيع the lowest point, the low mark, the bottom

استيطان istīṭān immigration; settling down; settling, settlement, colonization; “istitan”, a special impost in Tunisia

مواطن muwāṭin countryman, compatriot, fellow citizen | مواطن عالمي (‘ālamī) world citizen

متوطن mutawaṭṭin native, indigenous, domestic; resident; deep-rooted; endemic (med.)

مستوطن mustauṭin native, indigenous, domestic; resident; deep-rooted

وطواط waṭwāṭ pl. وطاوط waṭāwiṭ2, وطاويط waṭāwīṭ2 bat (zool.)

وطى II for وطأ II

واط wāṭin low; soft; see alphabetically

وظب waẓba يظب yaẓibu (وظوب wuẓūb) to do persistently, regularly, keep doing, practice constantly (على or هـ s.th.), continue to do s.th. III do.; to persevere, persist (على in), take pains (على with), devote o.s. assiduously, apply o.s. with perseverance or steadily (على to s.th.)

مواظبة muwāẓaba diligence, assiduity, perseverance, persistence

مواظب muwāẓib diligent, assiduous, persevering, persistent

وظف II to assign (على ه s.th. to s.o.); to impose (على ه s.th., esp. a tax, on s.o.), burden, encumber (على هـ with s.th. s.o.); to assign an office (ه to s.o.), appoint to an office, employ, hire (ه s.o.); to invest (هـ money) V to be appointed to an office, obtain a position. get a job; to hold an office, work in a position, have a job | توظف في الحكومة to work as an official with the government

وظيفة waẓīfa pl. وظائف waẓā’if2 daily ration; pay; office, position, post, job; officialship, officialdom; duty, task, assignment; (school) assignment, lesson, homework; employ, service; work; function | ادى وظيفة (addā) to fill a post, attend to an office, exercise a function; وظائف خالية (kāliya) vacancies; want ads (in a newspaper); علم الوظائف ‘ilm al-w. or علم وظائف الأعضاء ‘i. w. al-a‘ḍā’ physiology

وظيفي waẓīfī functional

توظيف tauẓīf employment, appointment (to an office) | توظيف المال investment

موظف muwaẓẓaf fixed (salary); employed, appointed; -- (pl. -ūn) employee; official, officer, civil servant; functionary | موظف الحكومة government official; موظف عمومي (‘umūmī) public functionary; اكبر الموظفين senior official

وعب wa‘aba يعب ya‘ibu (wa‘b) to take the whole, all (هـ of s.th.) IV do.; to insert (في هـ s.th. in) X = I; to uproot, root out, extirpate, exterminate (هـ s.th.); to embrace, enclose, encircle (ه s.o., بين ذراعيه with the arms); to contain, hold (هـ s.th.); to be able to take in (هـ s.th.), nave room (هـ for); to comprehend, understand, grasp, take in (هـ s.th.)

استيعاب istī‘āb capacity; study; full comprehension, grasp

وعث wa‘t, wa‘it difficult, hard, troublesome, tiresome, laborious, arduous

وعثاء wa‘tā’ difficulty, trouble, hardship, inconvenience, discomfort

وعد wa‘ada يعد ya‘idu (wa‘d) to make a promise; to give one’s word; to promise (ب ه or هـ ه s.o. s.th.); to threaten (ب ه s.o. with) | وعد نفسه بان to promise o.s. to ..., intend firmly to ...; وعد بشرفه (bi-šarafihī) to pledge o.s. on one’s honor, give one’s word of honor III to make an arrangement; to arrange for a meeting or rendezvous, make an appointment (هـ ه with s.o. for a given time or at a certain place) IV = I; V to threaten; to menace (ه s.o.) VI to make an appointment VIII اتعد itta‘ada to come to an understanding, agree among each other, make arrangements (ان that)

عدة ‘ida promise

وعد wa‘d pl. وعود wu‘ūd promise

وعيد wa‘īd threats; promises

وعيدي wa‘īdī threatening, menacing, minatory

موعد mau‘id, موعدة mau‘da pl. مواعد mawā‘id2 promise; pledge, engagement, commitment; rendezvous, date, appointment; time and place of an appointment; appointed time; time, date, deadline; anniversary | كان على موعد معه (منه ) to have an appointment with s.o.

ميعاد mī‘ād pl. مواعيد mawā‘īd2 promise; appointment, date, rendezvous; appointed time; time agreed on, time fixed by appointment; deadline, date (esp. also due date for repaying a debt); consulting hour, office hour(s) (of a doctor, etc.); visiting hours (in museums, etc.); (time of) departure (of trains, buses, etc.) | في الميعاد or في ميعاده on time, punctually; على غير ميعاد (gairi m.) untimely, unpunctually; من غير ميعاد min gairi m. quite unexpectedly, all of a sudden, suddenly; كان على ميعاد مع to have an appointment with; بيان المواعيد bayān al-m. railroad timetable; ميعاد الأكل m. al-akl mealtime, eating time; ميعاد التسليم date of delivery; ميعاد المرأة m. al-mar'a menses; مواعيد عرقوبية (‘urqūbīya) deceptive promises; ارض الميعاد arḍ al-m. the Land of Promise

مواعدة muwā‘ada arrangement, agreement; appointment, rendezvous, date

ايعاد ī‘ād threat

توعد tawa‘‘ud threat

توعدي tawa‘‘udī threatening, menacing, minatory

موعود mau‘ūd promised; fixed, appointed, stipulated (time); موعود and موعودة mau‘āda pl. مواعيد mawā‘īd2 promise

وعر wa‘ara يعر ya‘iru (wa‘r and وعور wu‘ūr) and wa‘ira يوعر yau‘aru (wa‘ar), wa‘ūra yau‘uru (وعارة wa‘āra, وعورة wu‘ūra) to be rough, rugged, difficult (terrain) V = I

وعر wa‘r rock debris; rugged, roadless terrain

وعر wa‘r pl. وعور wu‘ūr, اوعار au‘ār covered with rock debris; cleft, riven, rugged, wild; rough, uneven; roadless, pathless; hard, difficult

وعير wa‘īr covered with rock debris; cleft, riven, cragged, rugged, wild; rough, uneven; roadless, pathless; hard, difficult

وعورة wu‘ūra unevenness, roughness; difficulty | وعورة الأرض w. al-arḍ difficult terrain

اوعر au‘ar2 rougher, more rugged, harder

وعز IV to give to understand, intimate, insinuate (في or ب s.th., الى to s.o.), point out by a sign or motion (في or ب الى to s.o. s.th.); to suggest (في or ب الى to s.o. s.th.); to inspire (في or ب الى s.o. with, s.o. to do s.th.); to advise, counsel, recommend (في or الى الى to s.o. s.th.); to induce (ب الى s.o. to); to instruct, direct, order (الى s.o., ب to do s.th.)

ايعاز ī‘āz advice, counsel, recommendation; suggestion, intimation, hint

ايعازي ī‘āzī advisory, recommendatory, inspiring, inspiratory

موعز به mū‘az bihī inspired, suggested by a higher authority

وعس wa‘asa يعس ya‘isu (wa‘s) to make experienced, make wise (ه s.o.; of fate)

وعس wa‘s pl. اوعاس au‘ās quicksand

ميعاس mī‘ās quicksand

وعظ wa‘aẓa يعظ ya‘iẓu (wa‘ẓ, عظة ‘iẓa) to preach (ه to s.o.), appeal to s.o.’s (ه ) conscience; to admonish, exhort (ه s.o.); to warn (عن ه s.o. of), caution (عن ه s.o. against) VIII اتعظ itta‘aẓa to let o.s. be admonished or warned; to accede to an admonition, take advice; to learn a lesson, take a warning (ب from), let s.th. (ب ) be a warning

عظة ‘iẓa pl. -āt sermon; lesson, moral; warning; admonition

وعظ wa‘ẓ and وعظة wa‘ẓa admonition; warning; sermon; parsenesis

موعظة mau‘iẓa pl. مواعظ mawā‘iẓ2 religious exhortation, spiritual counsel; exhortatory talk, exhortation; stem lecture, severe reprimand

واعظ wā‘iẓ pl. وعاظ wu‘‘āẓ preacher

وعق wa‘q, wa‘iq surly, grumpy, cross; ill-tempered, irritable, peevish, cantankerous, petulant

وعك V to be indisposed, unwell

وعك wa‘ik indisposed, unwell

وعكة wa‘ka indisposition, illness; sultriness

توعك tawa‘‘uk indisposition

موعوك mau‘ūk indisposed, unwell; ill

متوعك mutawa‘‘ik indisposed, unwell; ill

وعل wa‘l, wa‘il pl. اوعال au‘āl, wu‘ūl mountain goat

وعوع wa‘wa‘ to howl, yelp, bark, bay

وعى wa‘ā يعي ya‘ī (wa‘y) to hold (هـ s.th.); to comprise (هـ s.th.); to contain (هـ s.th.); to retain in one’s memory, remember, know by heart, know (هـ s.th.); to pay attention (الى or هـ to), heed, bear in mind (الى or هـ s.th.); to perceive, hear (هـ s.th.); to become aware (الى of) | وعى على نفسه (nafsihī) to dawn on s.o., become clear to s.o.; لا يعي (he is) unconscious; لا يكاد يعي (he is) almost unconscious; لا يعي ما يقوله he doesn’t know what he is saying II to warn, caution (من ه s.o. against) IV to put (هـ s.th. into a vessel or container) V to act with caution, with prudence; to be on one’s guard (من against), beware (من of)

وعي attention, attentiveness, heedfulness, carefulness, advertence; consciousness; awareness; feeling, sentiment, sense; wakefulness, alertness | في غير وعي unnoticed, without being noticed; وعي قومي (qaumī) national consciousness, nationalism; ما وراء الوعي the subconscious; استرجع وعيه and عاد الى وعيه to regain consciousness, come to; فقد وعيه to lose consciousness, faint, pass out; دون وعي unconscious(ly)

وعاء wi‘ā’ pl. اوعية au‘iya, اواع awā‘in vessel (also anat.), container, receptacle | اوعية دموية (damawīya) blood vessels

واع wā‘in attentive, heedful, careful; conscious, in one’s senses, wide awake

وغد wagd pl. اوغاد augād, وغدان wagdān miserable, wretched; scoundrel

وغر wagara يغر yagiru, wagira يوغر yaugaru (wagr, wagar) to be hot, be angry | وغر صدره على (ṣadruhū) to boil with anger against s.o., harbor malice against s.o., feel hatred for s.o. IV اوغر صدره على (ṣadrahū) to arouse s.o.’s anger against, stir up s.o. against, arouse bitter feelings in s.o. against V to be furious, burn with rage

وغر wagr, wagar anger, wrath, ire, rancor, spite, malice, hatred

وغل wagala يغل yagilu (وغول wugūl) to penetrate deeply (في into); -- (wagl, wugūl, وغلان wagalān) to intrude (على on s.o.), come uninvited (على to) IV to penetrate deeply (في into); to apply o.s. intensively (في to an activity); to push, press (في ه s.o. into); to burry | اوغل في السير (sair) to walk briskly, advance quickly; اوغل في الكلام (kalām) to exaggerate, draw a longbow V to penetrate deeply (في into); to advance further and further

وغل wagl intruder, parasite

توغل tawaggul penetration, absorption, preoccupation

واغل wāgil intruder, parasite; extraneous, irrelevant; deep, deep-rooted, deep-seated, inveterate (feeling)

موغل mūgil deep-reaching, deep-rooted

وغي wagy, wagan din, clamor, tumult, uproar

وفد wafada يفد yafidu (wafd, وفود wufūd, وفادة wifāda) to come, travel (على or الى to s.o., esp. as an envoy); to arrive (على or الى before s.o., in s.o.’s presence); to visit, come to see (على s.o.), call on s.o. (على ) II and IV to send, dispatch (على or الى ه s.o. to, also هـ a delegation); to delegate, depute (على or الى ه s.o. to. also هـ a group) III to come or arrive together (ه with s.o.) VI to arrive together; to throng, flock (على to)

وفد wafd arrival, coming; -- (pl. وفود wufūd, اوفاد aufād) a delegation, a deputation; الوفد (formerly, Eg.) the Wafd party

وفدي wafdī of or relative to the Wafd; Wafdist, a member or adherent of the Wafd

وفادة wifāda arrival | اكرم (احسن) وفادته (wifādatahū) to receive s.o. hospitably, receive s.o. with kindness, treat s.o. with deference

وفود wufūd arrival

ايفاد īfād delegation, deputation, dispatch

وافد wāfid pl. وفود wufūd, اوفاد aufād, وفاد wuffād arriving; (new)comer, arrival; envoy; epidemic(al) (disease); pouring in, coming (ideas, memories)

وافدة wāfida an epidemic

موفد mūfad appointed or nominated for a special assignment; delegate | الموفد البابوي apostolic delegate

وفر wafara يقر rafiru (wafr, وفور wufūr) and wafura يوفر yaufuru (وفارة wafāra) to abound, be ample, abundant, numerous, plentiful; to increase, augment, grow, become more II to increase, augment, make abundant (هـ s.th.); to give abundantly (ل هـ of s.th. to s.o.); to furnish (هـ evidence, proof); to save (هـ s.th.), be sparing, be economical, hold back, economize (هـ with); to lay by, put by (هـ s.th., esp., money); to save (هـ على s.o. s.th.) | وفر عليه مصاريف كثيرة to save s.o. a lot of expenses IV to increase, augment (هـ s.th.) V to abound, be ample, abundant, plentiful; to suffice, be sufficient, be enough; to be fulfilled (condition); to be of full value, sterling, up to standard, unexceptionable. valid; to prosper, thrive, be successful; to spare no trouble, go to any length (على in an undertaking or activity), give all one’s attention, devote o.s. intensively, dedicate o.s. (على to); to be saved | توفرت فيه الصفات اللازمة he has the necessary qualities; توفرت فيه الشروط he fulfills the conditions VI to be numerous; to abound, be ample, abundant, plentiful; to increase, multiply, grow in number; to be fulfilled (conditions); to fall amply to s.o.’s (ل ) share (e.g., qualities) | توفر فيه الشباب والجمال (šabāb, jamāl) he is richly endowed with youth and good looks

وفر wafr abundance, wealth; profusion, superabundance; (pl. وفور wufūr, -āt) excess, surplus, overplus; economy; saving

وفرة wafra plenty, abundance, profusion

وفير wafīr abundant, ample

اوفر aufar2 more abounding (هـ in); more amply provided or endowed (هـ with); thriftier, more economical | اوفر حظا (ḥaẓẓan) luckier, more fortunate

توفير taufīr increase, augmentation; raising, raise, rise; economizing, economy; saving | صندوق التوفير ṣundūq at-t. savings bank

توفر tawaffur abundance, profusion, wealth; superabundance; increase, rise, augmentation, spread, expansion; fulfillment | عند توفر as soon as the conditions are fulfilled

وافر wāfir ample, abundant, plentiful; numerous, profuse, superabundant; (with foll. genit.) abounding in; overlong (year); الوافر name of a poetic meter

موفور maufūr ample, abundant, plentiful; loaded, swamped; wealthy, moneyed, rich; complete, perfectly intact | موفور المطالب m. al-maṭālib having many wishes

متوفر mutawaffir ample, abundant; thrifty, economical; savings yield or interest

متوافر mutawāfir ample, abundant, plentiful, profuse

وفز V to be roused, be alerted X to lie in wait; to be in suspense; to be prepared, be in a state of alertness

وفز wafz, wafaz pl. اوفاز aufāz hurry, haste | كان على اوفاز to be on one’s toes, be on the alert

مستوفز mustaufiz alert, quick, vivid, lively (e.g., mind); excited

وفض wafaḍa يفض yafiḍu (wafḍ) to run; to hurry, rush

وفض wafḍa pl. وفاض wifāḍ leather bag, traveling bag | خلي الوفاض empty, vacant, free; empty-handed

وفيعة wafī‘a penwiper

وفق wafiqa يفق yafiqu (wafq) to be right, proper, suitable, fit, appropriate II to make fit, make suitable, adapt, fit, adjust, accommodate (هـ s.th.); to make consistent, bring to agreement, reconcile (بين different things; بين-- وبين s.th. with); to reconcile (بين two parties), make peace, re-establish normal relations (بين between); to give s.o. (ه ) success (ل or الى in achieving s.th.; of God); pass. wuffiqa to have success, be successful (ل or الى in or with), have the good fortune, be lucky enough (الى to), succeed (الى in) | وفق كل التوفيق الى (wuffiqa kulla t-t.) to succeed completely in, have every success in or with III to befit, become (ه s.o.); to suit (ه s.o.), be suitable, acceptable, agreeable, favorable, convenient (ه to s.o.), be consistent with s.o.’s (ه ) wishes or interests; to fit, suit (ه s.o.; garment); to agree (هـ with s.th., ه with s.o., في or على in s.th.); to be agreed, unanimous, of the same opinion, concur (في or على ه with s.o. in s.th.); to fit (هـ s.th.), be consistent, be in keeping, be in line (هـ with s.th.); to correspond, be analogous (هـ to s.th.); to be in agreement, be in accordance, be in conformity, be in harmony, go, harmonize (هـ with); to fall in, tally, coincide (هـ with); to agree (هـ with; of food, climate, etc.), be wholesome, beneficial (هـ for); to be conducive (هـ to); to agree, consent, assent, subscribe (على to), grant, confirm, approve, sanction, license, authorize, ratify (على s.th.); to adapt, fit (بين one thing to the other), make consistent, compatible, bring to agreement, reconcile, balance, equilibrate (بين two things) V to be aided, assisted, favored (by God); to have success, be successful, prosper, succeed VIII اتفق ittafaq to agree, come to an agreement, reach an agreement; to agree, be in agreement, in accordance, in conformity, in keeping, in line, in harmony, be consistent, be compatible, coincide, tally, square, fall in line (مع or و with acc.: with): to be agreed, be unanimous; to make a contract, conclude an agreement, a treaty, agree on an arrangement; to agree (على on s.th.), arrange (على s.th.), come to terms (على about s.th., مع with s.o.); to chance, happen accidentally, come to pass, occur, happen (ل to s.o., e.g., an oversight); to fan unexpectedly (ل to s.o.), turn out successfully (ل for s.o.) contrary to his expectation; to be given, be destined (ل to s.o.) | كما اتفق (ka-mā) as chance would have it, at random, haphazardly, carelessly; كيفما اتفق (kaifa-mā) however it may turn out, whatever may come; no matter how, anyway; at any rate, in any case

وفق wafq sufficient amount; sufficiency; agreement, accordance, conformity; harmony, concord; wafq or وفقا ل or من وفق in accordance with, in conformity with, conformable to, according to, commensurate with; in pursuance of, pursuant to, on the strength of, on the basis of | وفق wafqa l-aṣl true, accurate, exact (copy)

وفقة wafqa: اجر بالوفقة ajr bi-l-w. piece wage, task wage, wage for piecework

اوفق aufaq2 more suitable, fitter, more appropriate

توفيق taufīq conformation, adaptation, accommodation; balancing, adjustment, settlement; reconciliation, mediation, arbitration, peacemaking, re-establishment of normal relations; success (granted by God), happy outcome, good fortune, good luck, prosperity, successfulness, succeeding | لجنة التوفيق lajnat at-t. board of arbitration

وفاق wifāq accordance, conformity, conformance; unity; concord, harmony; consent, assent; agreement, covenant; وفاقا ل in accordance with. in conformity with, conformable to, according to, commensurate with; in pursuance of, pursuant to, on the strength of, on the basic of

موافقة muwāfaqa agreement, conformity, conformance; accordance; correspondence, analogy; suitability, fitness; approval, consent, assent, authorization, sanction

توافق tawāfuq coincidence, congruence, congruity; agreement, conformity, conformance

اتفاق ittifāq coincidence, congruence, congruity; agreement, conformity, conformance; accident, chance; (pl. -āt) covenant, compact, convention, contract; understanding, arrangement, entente; agreement, treaty, pact | اتفاقا accidentally, by chance, by coincidence; بالاتفاق by (mutual) agreement, by appointment; اتفاق الآراء unanimity; باتفاق الآراء unanimously; اتفاق بحري (baḥrī) naval agreement; اتفاق تجاري (tijārī) commercial agreement, trade agreement; اتفاق عدم الاعتداء itt. ‘adam al-i‘tidā‘ nonaggression pact; دول الاتفاق الصغير duwal at-itt. the countries of the Little Entente

اتفاقي ittifāqī accidental, fortuitous, chance; hued on convention, conventional

اتفاقية ittifāqīya pl. -āt agreement, treaty; convention, concordat

موفق muwaffaq successful, prospering, fortunate, lucky

موافق muwāfiq accordant, comfortable, congruous, consistent, concordant, corresponding, analogous; suitable, fit, appropriate; agreeable, acceptable, convenient, favorable, propitious, wholesome, beneficial, conducive

متوفق mutawaffiq successful, proopering, fortunate, lucky

متفق عليه muttafaq ‘alaihi agreed upon

وفى wafā يفي yafī to be perfect, integral, complete, unabridged; -- (وفاء wafā’) to live up (ب or هـ to a promise, an agreement, a vow, or the like), redeem, fulfill, carry out, keep (ب or هـ s.th.); to satisfy, gratify (ب a wish, a desire), supply (ب a need); to serve (ب a purpose); to meet, fulfill, discharge (ب an obligation, an engagement); to pay (a debt); to redeem (a pledge); to cover (costs, expenses); to be sufficient, be enough, suffice (ب for), be adequate (ب to); to make up, compensate fully (ب for), counterbalance (ب s.th.); to be equivalent (ب to s.th.), fulfill the function (ب of s.th.), substitute (ب for); to realize or carry out (fully, completely; ب s.th.) II to bring up to standard, complete, round out (هـ s.th.); to give (هـ ه s.o. s.th.) to the full extent, let s.o. (ه ) have his full share of s.th. (هـ ); to present, lit forth, or treat exhaustively (a topic) III to come (ه to s.o.), appear, show up (ه before s.o., in s.o.’s presence); to bring, lake, deliver (ب to s.o. s.th.), supply, provide, furnish (ب s.o. with); to fulfill (هـ s.o.’s wish), comply (هـ with s.o.’s request) | وافاه اجله (ajaluhū) his fate overtook him IV to give to the full; to fulfill, keep (ب or هـ s.th.), live up (ب or هـ to); to come or draw near s.th. (علي ), approach (علي s.th.); to exceed, transcend (علي s.th.), go beyond (علي) | اوفى علي الانتهاء to draw to a close; عمره الآن قد اوفى علي التاسعة (‘umruhū) he is already past nine years of age V to exact fully (هـ s.th.), take one’s full share (هـ of), receive in full (هـ s.th.); توفاه الله God hal taken him unto Him; pass. tuwuffiya to die VI to be complete; to decide unanimously (علي for, in favor of) X to receive in full, exact (fully) (هـ s.th.); to give (fully) (هـ ل to s.o s.th.), let s.o. have his full share of; to complete, bring to a finish (هـ s.th.), go through with s.th. (هـ ); to lit out, hear to the end (هـ a program); to bring to its full value (هـ s.th.); to treat exhaustively (هـ a topic); to exhaust (هـ s.th.); to present in detail. at great length (هـ s.th.); to fulfill (هـ the condition); to receive full compensation or indemnity

وفاء wafā’ keeping, fulfillment, redemption (e.g., of a promise); meeting, discharge (of an obligation); payment (of a debt); counterbalance, setoff, compensation; faithfulness fidelity; good faith; loyalty, allegiance; fulfillment, accomplishment, realization, completion | وفاء ل wafā’an li in fulfillment of, in discharge of; as an offset to; as a compensation for; يوم وفاء النيل yaum w. an-nīl the Day of the Nile Inundation (popular holiday; Eg.); احتفظ بالوفاء ل to remain loyal to s.o.

وفاة wafāh pl. وفيات wafayāt decease, demise; death; death certificate | كثرة الوفيات katrat al-w. high mortality, high death rate

وفي wafīy pl. اوفياء aufiyā’2 true to one’s word; faithful (lover); reliable, trustworthy; entire, whole, total, full, complete, integral, perfect

اوفى aufā more faithful, more loyal; more complete, of greater perfection; serving better (ب a purpose), fulfilling better (ب wish, etc.)

توفية taufiya satisfaction; fulfillment, discharge

موافاة muwāfā arrival; communication (ب of a message)

ايفاء īfā’ fulfillment, discharge; payment | قادرة علي الايفاء solvent

استيفاء istīfā’ acceptance by the creditor of the performance or payment due (Isl. Law); fulfillment; exhaustive treatment; performance, discharge, accomplishment, execution, consummation, completion; payment

واف wāfin faithful, loyal; full, complete, perfect; quite sufficient, enough; ample, abundant; adequate

موف muwaffin completing, rounding out (a number) | في الموفي عشرين (ثلاثين) من الشهر (šahr) on the 20th (30th ) day of the month

متوفى mutawaffan deceased, dead

وقة wuqqa, wiqqa pl. -āt, وقق wiqaq oka, a weight, see اقة

وقب waqaba يقب yaqibu (waqb) to he sunken, hollow (eye); to become dark, gloomy

وقب waqb pl. اوقاب auqāb cavity; hollow, hole; eye socket, orbit

وقبة waqba cavity

وقت II to appoint, fix, or set a time (هـ for), schedule (هـ s.th.) for a given time; to time (هـ s.th.); to set a time limit (هـ for)

وقت waqt pl. اوقات auqāt time; period of time, time span; moment, instant | وقتا waqtan once, at one time, one day; بوقته at once, right away, immediately; في وقته on time; at the right time, in good time, timely; في غير وقت at the wrong time, untimely; في الوقت نفسه or في نفس الوقت at the same time, simultaneously; في اول وقت fī awwali waqtin one of these days, at the first opportunity; للوقت or لوقته at once, right away, immediately; لهذا الوقت this time; مع الوقت in (due) time, in the course of time, by and by, gradually; من وقت لآخر (li-ākara) from time to time; اوقاتا اوقاتا do.; في بعض الأوقات at times, sometimes; في كثير من الأوقات often, frequently; وقت الفراغ w. al-farāg leisure, sparetime, free time; الوقت المدني (madanī) civil time; وقت اوربا الوسطى w. ūrubbā l-wusṭā Central European time; اشارة الوقت išārat al-w. time signal (radio)

وقتئذ waqta’idin then, at that time, by then

وقتذاك waqtadāka then, at that time, by then

وقتما waqtamā (conj.) while, as

وقتي waqtī temporal, of time; time- (in compounds); temporary; passing, transient, transitory; provisional, interim; momentary; وقتيا for some time, for a short time | تصوير وقتي time exposure (phot.)

موقت mauqit pl. مواقت mawāqit appointed time; appointment, date

ميقات mīqāt pl. مواقيت mawāqīt appointed time; date, deadline; time; season, time of the year; meeting point, rendezvous; pl. times of departure and arrival, timetable | مواقيت الأفلام business hours; موقيت الحج m. al-hajj rendezvous points and times of the Mecca pilgrims

توقيت tauqīt timing; reckoning of time | توقيت صيفي (ṣaifī) daylight-saving time; توقيت محلي (maḥallī) local time; في الساعة العاشرة حسب توقيت جرينش (ḥasaba t. g.) at 10.00 hours Greenwich mean time

موقوت mauqūt appointed, bed, set

(time); temporary; limited in time, scheduled for a given time; provided with a time fuse (bomb)

موقت muwaqqit timing, determining the time; timekeeper, timetaker; controller

موقت muwaqqat and مؤقت mu’aqqat scheduled for a given time or hour; appointed, fixed, lilt (time); effective for a certain time, for a time only, temporal, temporary, passing, transient, transitory, provisional, interim I l:i.... temporarily, provisionally, for the time being; بصورة موقتة (bi-ṣūra) do.; حكومة موقتة provisional government

وقح waqaḥa يقح yaqiḥu (قحة qiḥa, qaḥa), waquḥa يوقح yauquḥu (وقاحة waqāḥa, وقوحة wuqūḥa) and waqiḥa yauqaḥu (waqaḥ) to be shameless, impudent, insolent V do.; to behave impudently (على toward s.o.), display insolent manners VI to display impudence, behave in an insolent manner

قحة qiḥa impudence, shamelessness, insolence, impertinence, sauciness

وقح waqiḥ impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent, saucy, cheeky, forward

وقاح waqāḥ (m. and f.) pl. وقح wuquḥ impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent, saucy, cheeky, forward

وقيح waqāḥa impudent, shameless, insolent, impertinent, saucy, cheeky, forward

وقاحة waqāḥa impudence, insolence, impertinence, sauciness, cheek, nerve

وقوحة wuqūḥa impudence, insolence, impertinence, sauciness, cheek, nerve

وقد waqada يقد yaqidu (waqd, waqad, وقود wuqūd) to take fire, ignite, burn II and IV to kindle, ignite, light (هـ s.th.) | اوقد فيه النار (nāra) to set s.th. on fire V = I; to kindle, light, ignite (هـ s.th.) VIII اتقد ittaqada = I; to break forth (anger), be aroused (zeal) | اتقد غيرة (حماسا) على (gairatan, ḥamāsan) to burn with zeal (enthusiasm) for X to kindle, light, ignite (هـ s.th.)

وقد waqd, waqad burning, combustion; fire; fuel

وقدة waqda fire; blaze

وقاد wiqād fuel

وقاد waqqād burning, fiery; lively, heated; bright, brilliant, radiant (star); (pl. -ūn) stoker

وقود waqūd fuel (also for motors) | مخزن الوقود makzan al-w. coal cellar, coal storeroom

وقيد waqīd fuel

موقد mauqid pl. مواقد mawāqid2 fireplace; hearth; stove; O boiler of a locomotive | موقد الغاز kerosene stove

ليقاد īqād kindling, lighting, setting on fire, ignition

توقد tawaqqud burning, combustion

اتقاد ittiqād burning, combustion

موقود mauqūd kindled, lit, ignited, burning

متوقد mutawaqqid burning, flaming, blazing | متوقد الذهن m. ad-dihn fiery, impulsive, having a lively mind

متقد muttaqid aflame, burning

مستوقد mustauqad hearth, fireplace; O hath heater, geyser

وقذ waqada يقذ yaqidu (waqd) to hit fatally, hit hard, throw down, fell (ه s.o.)

وقيذ waqīd and موقوذ mauqūd fatally ill

وقر waqara يقر yaqiru (waqr) to break, fracture, crack (هـ s.th., esp. a bone); to be settled, certain, an established fact; to stay, remain | وقر في نفسه ان to him it was an established fact that ...; وقر في خلده (kaladihī) do.; وقرت الصورة في نفسه (ṣūratu) the picture stood vividly before his mental eye; waqura يوقر yauquru (وقار waqār, وقارة waqāra) to be dignified, sedate, staid, grave II to respect, honor, revere, reverence (ه s.o.); to render grave or sedate (ه s.o.) IV to load, burden, overload (هـ a beast of burden); to oppress (ه s.o.), weigh heavily (ه upon); to be overladen with fruit (tree)

وقر waqr pl. وقور wuqūr cavity, hollow

وقرة waqra cavity, hollow

وقر wiqr pl. اوقار auqār heavy load, burden

وقار waqār gravity, sobriety, dignity, deportment commanding respect; sedateness, dignified bearing

وقور waqūr grave, sedate; dignified; venerable, reverend

توقر tawaqqur dignified bearing

موقر muwaqqar respected, held in respect; venerable, reverend

وقص waqaṣa يقص yaqiṣu to break s.o.’s neck (هـ )

وقظ waqaẓa يقظ yaqiẓu (waqẓ) to beat brutally (ه s.o.) II to arouse, incite, inflame, whip up (هـ s.th., e.g., passions)

وقع waqa‘a يقع yaqa‘u (وقوع wuqū‘) to fall; to fall down, drop; to tumble; to come to pass, take place, occur; to happen (ل to s.o.), befall (ل s.o.); to get (في in a situation, also, e.g., in a fix); to get (الى to), arrive (الى at); to come, run (علي across), meet (علي with); to fall (علي to s.o., to s.o.’s lot or share); to slight, settle down (علي on: bird); to have sexual intercourse (علي with a woman); to be divided (في into), consist (في of); to be located, be situated, lie (geog.,); -- (وقيعة waqī‘a) to slander, backbite, defame, disparage (من or ب s.o.): -- (waq‘) to rush, pounce, fall (ب upon s.o.) | وقعوا في بعضهم they fell to quarreling, they fell out with one another; وقع بايديهم (bi-aidīhim) he fell into their hands; وقع تحت حواسه (ḥawāssihī) to enter s.o.’s range of perception, become palpable, tangible for s.o.; وقعت في حبه (ḥubbihī) she fell in love with him; وقعت حرب (ḥarb) war broke out; وقع الحق (ḥaqq) the law has been determined; وقع الحق عليه he was found guilty; وقع في الفخ (fakk) to walk into the trap, get caught in the snare; وقع فريسته (farīsatahū) to fall victim to s.o., become a prey of s.o.; وقع من قلبه في مكان (min qalbihī fī makānin) to take s.th. to heart; to make s.th. one’s business, attend to s.th.; وقع القول عليه (qaul) he was called upon to speak, he was given the floor; وقع في نفسه ان it came to his mind, it occurred to him to ...; وقع الكلام في (kalām) the words impressed him, went to his heart, touched him; وقعت في (من) نفسه she has made an impression on him, she has bewitched him; وقع في هواها (hawāhā) he fell in love with her; وقع موقعه (mauqi‘ahū) to stand in place of, stand for; وقع في غير موقعه (fī gairi mauqi‘ihī) to be misplaced, stand in the wrong place, be used in the wrong context (word); وقع الكلام منه موقعا (kalāmu, mauqi‘an) the words moved or impressed him; وقع الأمر منه موقعا حسنا (mauqi‘an ḥasanan) the matter pleased him very much, was most welcome to him; وقع عنده موقع الرضا (mauqi‘a r-riḍā) it met his approval; وقع في النفوس موقعا جليلا to leave a strong, splendid impression; وقع ووقع الاستغراب to cause raised eyebrows, cause astonishment II to let fall, drop (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cause to fall, bring down, throw down, overthrow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to perform, carry out, execute (هـ s.th.); to enter, record, register (علي or في هـ s.th. in or on); to sign (هـ s.th.); to inflict (علي هـ a punishment on s.o.); to play (علي on a musical instrument); to sow dissension (بين between, among) | وقع حجزا على (ḥajzan) to seize, confiscate, impound or distrain s.th.; وقعه بالأحرف الأولى (bi-l-aḥrufi l-ūlā) to initial s.th.; وقع نفسه (nafsahū) to give o.s. up; وقع على الوتر الحساس (al-watar al-ḥassās) to touch the sensitive spot III to attack (ه s.o.), fight (ه with); to have sexual intercourse (ها with a woman) IV to let fall, drop (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to cause to fall, bring down, throw down, overthrow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to plunge (في ه s.o. into s.th., esp. fig.), get, land (في ه s.o. in a situation); to fall (ب upon s.o.), attack, assault (ب s.o.); to score a hit (ب on); to sow the seeds of discord, drive wedge (بين -- وبين between -- and); to project (هـ s.th.) | اوقع الرعب في قلبه (ar-ru‘ba fī qalbihī) to strike terror to s.o.’s heart, frighten or scare s.o.; اوقع عقوبة علي to inflict a punishment on; اوقعه في كمين to let s.o. walk into an ambush V to expect, anticipate (هـ s.th.); to prepare o.s., wait (هـ for); to dread (هـ s.th.); to be inflicted (علي on s.o.; punishment), be passed (علي against s.o.; judgment) X to expect, anticipate, dread (هـ s.th.), feel uneasy, be concerned (هـ about), look forward with apprehension (هـ to)

وقع waq‘ falling, dropping, tumbling; fall, drop, tumble; thump, thud, blow; happening, occurrence, incidence; impression (s.th. makes), effect; impact | وقع الأقدام footfall, footsteps; وقع اقدام ثقلية heavy footfall; كان له احسن وقع في النفوس (aḥsanu waq‘in) to make the best impression on everyone

وقعة waq‘a pl. waqa‘āt fall, drop, tumble; thump, thud, blow; shock, jolt; incident, occurrence; encounter, combat, battle; meal, repast

وقاع waqqā‘ and وقاعة waqqā‘a talebearer, scandalmonger, slanderer

وقوع wuqū‘ falling, fall, tumble; letting in, incidence (of an event), occurence, happening

وقيعة waqī‘a pl. وقائع waqā’i‘ incident, event, occurrence, happening; encounter, battle; -- pl. وقائع happenings, goings on, developments; factual findings, factual evidence, facts (of a legal case); proceedings (of an assembly); facts | دفتر الوقائع daftar al-w. minute book; الوقائع المصرية (miṣrīya) the Egyptian Official Gazette (the oldest Arab newspaper)

موقع mauqi‘ pl. مواقع mawāqi‘2 place where s.th. drops or fells down; place, site, locality, spot; position (of a ship and mil.); scene, situation, location, position; impression; time or date on which s.th. falls | مواقع الأطلال (sites of) ruins; مواقع الأنظار m. anẓār field (or range) of vision; موقع متقدم (mutaqaddim) advanced position (mil.); مواقع النجوم the orbits of the stars; لم يكن يعرف موقع وقته ذاك من الليل (mauqi‘a waqtihī) he did not know what time of the night it was at that moment; see also waqa‘a (at end of illustrative phrases)

موقعة mauqi‘a pl. مواقع mawāqi‘2 battlefield; fighting, combat, battle

ميقعة mīqa‘a device for sharpening or honing; grindstone, whetstone

توقيع tauqī‘ dropping; performance, consummation, execution; discharge, undertaking (of an act or action); infliction (of a punishment); entering, recording, registration; (pl. -āt) signature | بتوقيع (تحت توقيع) فلان signed by, from the pen of; مهمل التوقيع (muhmal) without signature, unsigned

توقيعي tauqī‘ī rhythmic(al)

وقاع wiqā‘ coition, sexual intercourse

ايقاع īqā‘ pl. -āt rhythm; projection

ايقاعي īqā‘ī rhythmic(al)

توقع tawaqqu‘ expectation; anticipation

واقع wāqi‘ falling, dropping, tumbling; occurring, happening; actual, real, factual; material, corporeal, tangible; event, fact, matter of fact; factual findings, factual evidence, facto; located, situated (geogr.); transitive (gram.); الواقع reality, the real, material world | واقعا wāqi‘an or في الواقع or في واقع الأمر in effect, indeed, as a matter of fact, actually, really, in reality; بواقع bi-wāqi‘i to the .mount of (with foll. figure); غير واقع untrue, unreal; intransitive (gram.);

الأمر الواقع the accomplished fact; واقع الحال factual findings, factual evidence, facts; الواقع ان (anna) it is a fact that ..., as a matter of fact ..., actually ...; دون الواقع بكثير (dūna, bi-katīrin) far from being true; من واقع هذه السجلات (sijillāt) according to the data contained in these registers

واقعة wāqi‘a incident, occurrence, event; happening, development; fact; accident, mishap; fighting, combat, battle

واقعي wāqi‘ī actual, real; de facto; realistic; positive; positlvistic (philos.)

واقعية wāqi‘īya reality

موقع muwaqqi‘ signing; signer, signatory

موقع muwaqqa‘ entered, recorded, registered; signed

متوقع mutawaqqa‘ expected, anticipated; supposed, presumable, probable, likely | من المتوقع it is expected that ...

وقف waqafa يقف yaqifu (waqf, وقوف wuqūf) to come to a standstill, come to a stop; to stand still; to place o.s. post o.s., station o.s., take one’s stand, step (فوق on s.th.), stand (فوق on, دون in the way of s.th.); to stop (عند or علي at; الى at, short of, = to reach, extend to, go as far as); to halt; to pause; to hesitate, waver, have doubts or scruples (في in s.th.); to use the pausal form, pronounce a word without i‘rāb ending (gram.); to rise, get up, stand up, get on one’s feet; to plant o.s., station o.s., stand erect, hold o.s. erect; to stand; to stand on end (hair); to withstand, resist, oppose; to take up position (علي .t); to stand (مع by s.o.), stick (مع to s.o.), side (مع with s.o.), support, back (مع s.o.); with foll. participle; to continue to do s.th., keep doing s.th.; -- (wuqūf) to occupy o.s. (علي with), attend (علي to), go in for (علي ); to read (علي s.th.); to apply o.s., devote o.s. (علي to); to take an interest, be interested (علي in); to inquire, seek information, inform o.s. (علي about); to learn, be informed (علي of); to understand, comprehend, grasp, learn (علي s.th.); to come to know (علي s.th.). become acquainted (Jo with); to know (علي s.th.); (waqf) to bring to a standstill, to a stop, arrest, halt, stop (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), put an end (هـ to s.th.); to hinder, prevent, hold back (هـ, ه or ب s.o., s.th., دون or عن from); to make dependent, conditional (على هـ s.th. on), pass. wuqifa to depend, be conditional (على on); to apprise, inform, notify (على ه s.o. of), acquaint (على ه s.o. with), let s.o. (ه ) know (على about); to tell, advise, instruct (على هـ s.o. about), call s.o.’s (ه ) attention (على to); to donate, grant, create, institute (على ه s.th. for a pious or charitable purpose), bequeath as a religious endowment or wakf (على هـ s.th. to); to make over, bequeath, transfer (على هـ s.th. to); to dedicate, consecrate, devote (على هـ s.th. to a purpose); to assign, appoint (هـ s.th., ل to, to a purpose), designate, set apart (هـ s.th., ل for s.th., for a purpose); to apply, devote (نفسه nafsahū o.s., ل to s.th., to a task) | قف qif halt! (command); stop! (e.g., on a traffic sign); وقف امامه (amāmahū) to resist, oppose, stop s.th., put an end to s.th.; وقف الى جانبه to be on s.o.’s side; وقف الى يساره (yasārihī) to stand at his left; وقف سدا دون (saddan) to rise as an obstacle in the way to s.th., stand in the way to s.th.; لا يقف دون شيء nothing will stand in his (or its) way, nothing can stop him (or it); وقف حائرا to be in a quandary, at a loss what to do; وقف علي الحياد (ḥiyād) to remain neutral, observe strict neutrality; وقف علي ساق الجد ل (sāqi l-jidd) to throw o.s. into s.th., identify o.s. with s.th., go to great lengths, make every effort in order to ...; وقف علي شفير الهلاك (šafīri l-halāk) to be on the brink of ruin, be about to perish; وقف عند حد (ḥaddi) to stop at or short of …, go as far as ...; وقف في وجه فلان (wajhi s.) to offer s.o. resistance, stand up against s.o.;وقف موقفا من (mauqifan) to assume an attitude, take a stand toward or with regard to; وقف موقفا ملؤه الحزم (mil’uhū l-ḥazm) to assume an attitude of utmost determination; وقف وقفا (waqfan) to assume a posture; وقف وقفة (waqfatan) to stand still; to assume an attitude; وقفه على العمل (‘amal) to suspend s.o. from duty II to bring to a standstill, to a stop, arrest, halt, stop, hold up, check, stunt, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow down (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to park (هـ an automobile); to raise, erect, set up, set upright, place in an upright position (هـ s.th.); to arrest, seize (ه s.o.); to hold back, restrain, keep, prevent (عن ه s.o. from); to acquaint (علي ه s.o. with); to institute a religious endowment or wakf (علي for the benefit of, in favor of) | وقفه عند حده (ḥaddihī) to put s.o. in his proper place IV to make (هـ s.th.) stand, set up (هـ s.th.); to bring to a standstill, to a stop, arrest, halt, stop, hold up, check, stunt, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow down (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to stop, suspend, stay, discontinue, interrupt (هـ s.th.); to break off, sever (هـ relations); to postpone, put off, delay, defer (هـ an activity); to arrest, seize, apprehend, capture (ه s.o.); to suppress, ban (هـ a newspaper); to acquaint (علي ه s.o. with), inform, notify, apprise (علي ه s.o. of), let s.o. (ه ) know (علي about); to tell, advise, instruct (علي ه s.o. about), call s.o.’s (ه ) attention (علي to); to donate, grant, create, institute (علي ه s.th. for a pious or charitable purpose), bequeath as a religious endowment or wakf (علي هـ s.th. to); to bequeath, make over, transfer (علي هـ s.th. to); to assign, appoint (علي هـ s.th. to), designate, set apart (علي هـ s.th. for); to devote (علي هـ s.th. to a purpose); to spend (هـ efforts, علي for) | اوقف اهتمامه علي (htimāmahū) to concentrate on; اوقف تنفيذ الحكم (tanfīd l-ḥukm) to stay the execution of a sentence, grant a reprieve; to stay the execution (of a judgment in a civil case), arrest a judgment (jur.); اوقف حركة المرور (ḥarakata l-murūr) to obstruct traffic; اوقفه عن المرور (‘amal) to relieve s.o. of his post, remove s.o. from office V to stop, halt, come to a stop, put in a stop, stop over; to come to a standstill; to stand still; to reach a deadlock (fig., of negotiations, and the like); to pause (عن in an activity), suspend, interrupt (عن s.th.); to stop, quit (عن s.th., doing s.th.), discontinue (عن s.th.); to desist, refrain, abstain (عن from); to waver, be undecided, hesitate (في in s.th.); to depend, be dependent, conditional (علي on); to rest, be based (علي on), be due (علي to); to consist (علي in) VI to fight each other; to meet in battle X to ask (ه s.o.) to stop; to bring to a stop, to stop, halt, hold up, detain, check, impede, obstruct, trammel, hamper, slow down (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.), stunt, arrest (هـ s.th.); to give s.o. (ه ) pause; to call on a vessel (هـ ) to stop; to try to hold or retain; to hold (هـ s.th.; fig.) | استوقف نظره (naẓarahū) to catch s.o.’s eye, arouse s.o.’s attention; استوقف الانتباه to arrest the attention

وقف waqf stopping, stop; halting, halt; discontinuation, suspensions, stay, standstill; pausing, resting; stagnation, dullness, listlessness (of the market); pause (gram.); checking, restraining, prevention; interruption, hitch, impediment, obstacle, obstruction; suspension from duty, removal from office, discharge, dismissal; blocking (of all account), stoppage (of salaries); -- (pl. اوقاف auqāf) religious endowment, wakf, “habeus” (Isl. Law); endowment (in general), endowment fund; unalienable property | كان وقفا علي (waqfan) to be completely dependent on; وقفا علي restricted to; وقف اهلي (ahlī), وقف خاص (kāṣṣ) or (ir.) وقف ذرية w. durrīya family endowment, private will, estate in mortmain entailed in such a manner that its proceeds will accrue to the members of the donor’s family, and, after the death of its last descendent, go to a charitable purpose; وقف خيري (kairī), (tun.) وقف عام (‘āmm) public endowment, endowment, set apart for a charitable or religious purpose, public wakf; ناظر الوقف nāẓir al-w. administrator of all endowment, trustee, curator; الأوقاف the wakf system, estates in mortmain; وزارة الأوقاف the ministry entrusted with government supervision of estates in mortmain, will ministry; وقف اطلاق النار w. iṭlāq an-nār cease-fire (mil.); وقف التنفيذ stay of execution (jur.); اكل خبز الوقف (kubza l-w.) to have independent means of subsistence, have a sinecure

وقفي waqfī of or pertaining to endowments or the wakf system, wakf- (in compounds)

وقفية waqfīya wakf system, endowment system; list of religious endowments, of the estates in mortmain; original charter of a wakf

وقفة waqfa (n. vic.) pl. -āt standing, stand, stance; position, posture; halt, stop; pause; 0 period, full stop (punctuation mark); station, way station, specif. that on Mount ‘Arafāt during the Pilgrimage; attitude, stand, policy; eve of a religious festival, also يوم الوقفة | وقفة العيد الصغير w. al-‘īd aṣ-ṣagīr the day preceding ‘īd al-fiṭr, the Feast of Breaking the Ramadan Fast on the last day of Shawwal; وقفة العيد الكبير (kabīr) the day preceding ‘īd al-aḍḥā the Feast of Immolation on the 10th day of Zu’lhijja

وقاف waqqāf overseer, supervisor, warden, keeper

وقوف wuqūf stopping, stop; halting, halt; standing; stand, stance; (with علي :) study, pursuit, occupation (with), search, inquiry (into), investigation, cognizance, knowledge, understanding, comprehension; (Isl. Law) abeyance of rights; pl. of واقف wāqif standing

موقف mauqif pl. مواقف mawāqif2 stopping place; station; (cab, etc.) stand; (bus, train, etc.) stop; parking lot, parking place; stopover, stop; place, site; scene, scenery; position, posture; situation; attitude; stand, position, opinion | موقف حربي (ḥarbī) strategic situation; موقف سياسي (siyāsī) political situation; موقف عدائي (‘adā’ī) hostile attitude; مهيمن الموقف muhaimin al-m. master of the situation; موقفه من his attitude toward, his stand with regard to

توقيف tauqīf raising, setting up, erection; apprehension, detention, seizure, arrest; parking

ايقاف īqāf raising, setting up, erection; apprehension, detention, seizure, arrest; stopping, halting, checking, arresting, stunting, trammeling, hampering, impeding, obstruction; stoppage, suspension (e.g., of work); interruption, discontinuation; postponement, deferment, delay, stay, arrest; removal from office, suspension from duty; notice, notification | ايقاف التنفيذ stay of execution (jur.); ايقاف الحكم i. al-ḥukm arrest of judgment

(jur.); ايقاف الدعوى ī. ad-da‘wā stay of proceedings (jur.); ايقاف الدفع ī. ad-daf‘ delay of payment, respite, moratorium; ايقاف العمل ī. al-‘amal suspension of work

توقف tawaqquf halt, cessation, standstill; pause; stopover, stop (also. of an airplane); hesitation, wavering; dependence (على on) | التوقف عن الدفع (daf‘) suspension of payment (jur.)

واقف wāqif stopping, baiting, coming to a stop; standing still, motionless, at rest; standing; upright, erect; acquainted, familiar (علي with s.th.); bystander, spectator, onlooker (during a street scene); wakif, donor of a wakf | علي الواقف instantly, on the spot, right away, at once; هب واقفا habba wāqifan to get on one’s feet, get up, stand up, rise

موقوف mauqūf arrested, stopped; suspended; interrupted, discontinued; delayed, postponed, deferred; apprehended, detained, arrested; person under arrest, prisoner; suspended from duty, removed from office; entailed through an endowment, established as a wakf; unalienable, in mortmain; donated, granted, instituted; dedicated. devoted; designated, set apart, reserved (علي for); dependent, conditional (علي on); based, resting (علي on); abeyant, in abeyance (rights; Isl. Law) | الموقوف عليه beneficiary or usufructuary of a wakf; الأراضي الموقوفة (arāḍī) the estates in mortmain; لاعب موقوف disqualified player (athlet.); موقوف قيد المحاكمة (qaida l-muḥākama) detained pending investigation. committed for trial

متوقف mutawaqqif dependent, conditional (على on)

وقل V to climb, mount

1 وقواق waqwāq and واقواق wāqwāq in the descriptions of Arab geographers, name of two different groups of islands (one east of China, the other located in the Indian Ocean)

2 وقوق waqwaq cuckoo

1 وقى waqā يقي yaqī (waqy, وقاية wiqāya) to guard, preserve (هـ s.th.), take good care (هـ of); to safeguard, shield, shelter, preserve, protect, keep (هـ ه s.o. from), guard (هـ ه s.o. against); to protect, offer or afford protection (هـ against); to prevent, obviate (هـ a danger) V and VIII

اتقى ittaqā to beware, be wary (هـ of), guard, be on one’s guard, protect o.s. make suer (هـ against) | اتقى الله to fear God; اتقى الله في حق الشيء (ḥaqqi) (lit.: to fear God with regard to s.th., i.e.) to spare s.th. or deal mercifully with s.th. for fear of God, show regard for s.th. for God’s sake, make s.th. a matter of conscience

وقي waqī protection; safeguard

وقاء waqā’, wiqā‘ protection; prevention

وقاية wiqāya protection; prevention; precaution; obviation, averting; defense (من against); prophylaxis (mat.) | الوقاية من الغارات الجوية (jawwīya) anti-aircraft defense; معدات الوقاية mu‘addāt al-w. safety device

وقاية waqqāya protective covering

وقائي wiqā’ī preventive | الطب الوقائي (ṭibb) preventive medicine, prophylaxis

وقي waqīy protecting; protector, preserver, guardian

تقوى taqwā godliness, devoutness, piety

تقى tuqan godliness, devoutness, piety

تقي taqīy pl. اتقياء atqiyā’ godfearing, godly, devout, pious

تقية taqīya fear, caution, prudence; (in Shiitic Islam) dissimulation of one’s religion (under duress or in the face of threatening damage)

واق wāqin preserving, guarding, protecting; preventive, preservative, prophylactic; protective; guardian, protector | واق من الريح (rīḥ) protecting from the wind; درع واق (dir‘) protective armor; صفحة واقية (ṣafḥa) flyleaf; dust cover, jacket, wrapper; مظلة واقية (miẓalla) parachute; معطف واق (mi‘ṭaf) raincoat; قناع واق gas mask

واقية wāqiya protection, shelter, shield; a preventive, a preservative

متق muttaqin godfearing, godly, devout, pious

2 وقية wiqīya (eg.), wuqīye (Syr.) a weight, in Eg. = 1/12 raṭl = 37 g; in Aleppo = 320 g, in Beirut = 213.39 g, in Jerusalem = 240g

وكأ V and VIII اتكأ ittaka’a to support one’s weight (على on), lean (على against, on); to recline (على in a chair, and the like)

تكأة tuka’a staff; support, prop, stay; back (of a chair, etc.); idler, lazybones

توكؤ tawakku’ resting, leaning, reclining

اتكاء ittikā’ resting, leaning, reclining

متكأ muttaka’ pl. -āt support, prop, stay; cushion, pad; sofa; couch

وكب wakaba يكب yakibu (wakb, وكوب wukūb, وكبان wakabān) to walk slowly, proceed or advance slowly III to accompany (ه s.o.), escort (ه s.o., هـ s.th.); to convoy, accompany as military escort (هـ s.th.)

موكب maukib pl. مواكب mawākib 2 parade, pageant; procession; mounted escort, retinue, cortege; triumph | موكب المشاعيل torchlight procession; موكب الجنازة m. al-janāza funeral procession

مواكبة muwākaba military escort, convoying, convoy duty

وكد II to make fast, fasten (هـ s.th.); to corroborate, substantiate (هـ s.th.); to confirm, affirm (هـ s.th.); to give assurance (هـ of), assert (هـ s.th.) V to be corroborated, substantiated, asserted, affirmed, confirmed; to ascertain (من a fact), make sure, convince o.s. (من of)

وكد wakd wish, desire, intention, aim, goal, end, purpose, object, aspiration, endeavor, effort, attempt

وكيد wakīd corroborated, substantiated, confirmed; sure, certain; positive

توكيد taukīd pl. -āt, تواكيد tawākīd2 confirmation; affirmation, assurance; assertion; emphasis, stress; (gram.) intensifying apposition; pleonasm

موكد muwakkad sure, certain, definite

متوكد mutawakkid sure, certain, positive, convinced

وكر wakr pl. اوكار aukār, وكور wukūr nest, bird’s nest; aerie; habitation, abode, retreat; O aircraft hangar | وكر اللصوص den of robbers

وكرة wakra pl. وكر wukar bird’s nest

وكز wakaza يكز yakizu (wakz) to strike with the fist (ه s.o.); to thrust, push, hit; to spur (هـ a horse); to pierce, transfix (ب ه s.o. with)

وكس wakaaa يكس yakisu (waks) to decline in value, depreciate; to decrease, diminish, reduce, lower (هـ the value or price of); pass. wukisa to suffer losses (in business) II to decrease, diminish, reduce, lower (هـ the value of)

وكس waks decline, drop (of value or price); depreciation; loss | باغ بالوكوس to sell at a loss

وكع waku‘a يوكع yauku‘u (وكاعة wakā‘a) to be hard, strong, sturdy

ميكعة mīka‘a plowshare

وكف wakafa يكف yakifu (wakf, وكفان wakafān) to drip, trickle; to be defective and

leak

وكف wakf leaking, leak (of a ship)

وكل wakala يكل yakilu (wakl and وكول wukūl) to entrust (الى هـ s.th. to s.o., with s.th. s.o.), assign (الى هـ s.th. to s.o.), commission, charge (هـ الى s.o. with), put s.o. (الى ) in charge (هـ of) II to authorize, empower, appoint as representative or agent (ه s.o.); to put s.o. (ه ) in charge (ب of) engage as legal counsel (ه an attorney, عن or ب in a matter in dispute); to invest s.o. (ه ) with full power, give s.o. power of attorney (في in); to entrust (ب ه to s.o. s.th.) III to be on a confidential basis (ه with s.o.), be in a position of mutual trust (ه with s.o.); to trust (ه s.o.) IV to entrust, assign (الى هـ s.th., a task, to s.o.) V to be appointed as representative or agent, take over or act as (legal) representative; to act as commissioner, as agent, or by proxy (في in s.th.); to take upon o.s. assume (ب s.th.); to be responsible, answerable, answer, vouch (ب for), guarantee, warrant (ب s.th.); to rely, depend (على on), place one’s confidence (على in), trust (على in) | توكل على الله to trust in God, put o.s. in God’s hands VI to trust each other; to react with indifference, be noncommital, indifferent VIII اتكل ittakala to rely, depend (على on), trust (على in)

وكيل wakīl pl. وكلاء wukalā’2 authorized representative, attorney in fact, proxy; (business) manager; head clerk; deputy, vice-; agent; trustee; mandatary, defense counsel; attorney, lawyer; (Syr., mil.) approx.: technical sergeant | وكيل الأحباس in Tunis, commissioner for estates in mortmain; الوكيل البابوي (bābawī) papal legate; وكيل بلوك امين w. bulūk amīn (1939 وكيل امين ) approx.: quartermaster corporal (mil.; Eg.); وكيل اونباشي w. onbāšī (1939 وكيل محارب w. muḥārib) private first class (Eg.); وكيل باشجاويش staff sergeant (Eg.); وكيل جاويش, وكيل شاويش (1939 وكيل مجاهد w. mujāhid) sergeant; وكيل ضابط noncommissioned officer (Tun.); company sergeant-major, master sergeant (Syr., mil.); وكيل الحق العام w. al-ḥaqq al-‘āmm government commissioner at Tunisian courts (Tun.); وكيل قنصل w. qunṣul vice-consul; وكيل مدير w. mudīr deputy director; وكيل الوزارة under-secretary of state

تكلة tukala one who relies on others, who is incapable of attending to his own affairs

وكالة wakāla pl. -āt representation, deputyship, proxy; full power, power of attorney; management; agency; (Eg.) inn, caravansary, resthouse, khan | وكالة الأنباء w. al-anbā’ news agency, wire service; وكالة الإشهار w. al-išhār advertising agency

نوكيل taukīl appointment as representative, agent, deputy, or proxy, delegation of authority; authorization; power of attorney, full power; warrant of attorney

توكل tawakkul trust, confidence; trust in God; passivity of living (of the early ascetics and mystics)

تواكل tawākul mutual confidence or trust; indifference

اتكال ittikāl trust, confidence, reliance

موكل muwakkil constituent, principle, mandator

موكل muwakkal commissioned, charged (ب with), in charge (ب of), responsible, answerable (ب for)

متوكلي mutawakkilī: المملكة المتوكلية اليمنية (mamlaka, yamanīya) the Yemenite Kingdom (official designation)

موكم mūkim offensive, hurting (word)

وكن wacana يكن yakinu (wakn, وكون wukūn) to brood, Bit on its eggs (bird); to hatch, incubate (على or هـ eggs)

وكن wakn pl. وكون wukūn bird’s nest, aerie

وكنة wakna, wukna pl. wukunāt nest

وكى wakā يكي yakī to tie up (هـ a waterskin, or the like)

وكاء wikā’ pl. اوكية aukiya thong or string for tying up a waterskin or bag

ولج walaja يلج yaliju (لجة lija, ولوج wulūj) to enter (الى or هـ s.th., into s.th.), penetrate (الى or هـ into) | ولج الباب to go in by the door IV to make (هـ s.th.) enter (في s.th. else); to introduce, insert, interpose, intromit, interpolate, thrust (في هـ s.th. into) V = I; to engage (هـ in), take upon o.s. (هـ s.th.)

ولوج wulūj penetration, entering, entry

وليجة walija intimate friend, confidant; secret depth (of the heart)

ايلاج ilei; insertion, intromission, interposition, interpolation, intercalation

مولج maulij pl. موالج mawālij2 entrance

موالح see ملح

ولد walada يلد yalidu (ولادة wilāda, لدة lida, مولد maulid) to bear (ه a child), give birth (ه to); to beget, generate, procreate; to bring forth, produce (هـ s.th.) | ولدت منه to have a child by s.o. (woman) II to assist in childbirth (ها a woman; of a midwife); to generate, produce (من ه s.th. from); to engender, breed, cause, occasion, (هـ s.th.); to bring up, raise (ه a child) IV to make (ها a woman) bear children | اولدها طفلا (ṭiflan) he got her with child V to be born; to be descended (من from s.o.); to be generated, produced (من from), be brought forth, be engendered, bred, caused, occasioned (من by); to originate, grow, develop, arise, proceed, follow, result (من from) VI to propagate, reproduce, multiply by generation X to want children; to want the generation (من هـ of s.th. from), want to produce (من هـ s.th. from)

ولد walad pl. اولاد aulād, ولد wuld descendant, offspring, scion; child; son; boy; young animal, young one; (coll.) progeny, offspring, children | ولد الزنا w. az-zinā illegitimate child, bastard; ولد الملاعنة w. al-mulā‘ana child whose paternity is contested by لعان li‘ān (q.v.) (Isl. Law)

ولدة walda childbirth, birth | ولدت اثنين في ولدة she gave birth to two at a time

لدة lida childbirth, birth; (pl. لدون lidūn, لدات lidāt) person of the same age, contemporary; coetaneous

ولادة wilāda parturition, childbearing, childbirth, birth, confinement, delivery | ولادة معجلة (mu‘ajjala) premature birth; حديث الولادة newborn; علم الولادة ‘ilm al-w. obstetrics (med.)

ولادة wallāda frequently producing offspring, bearing many children; fertile, prolific, fruitful

ولود walūd frequently producing offspring, bearing many children; fertile, prolific, fruitful; littering, having young

ولودية wulūdīya childishness, puerility

وليد walīd pl. ولدان wildān newborn child, baby; boy, son; young, new; (with foll. genit.) the product of, the result of, occasioned by, engendered by, sprung from | وليد ساعته w. sā‘atihi conceived on the spur of the moment (idea, plan, etc.)

وليدة walīda pl. ولائد walā’id2 newborn girl; girl; product

وليد wulaid little child

مولد maulid pl. موالد mawālid2 birthplace; birthday; anniversary, birthday of a saint (also Chr.) | المولد النبوي (nabawī), مولد النبي m. an-nabīy the prophet’s birthday; لغة المولد lugat al-m. mother tongue, native language

ميلاد milād pl. مواليد mawālīd2 birth; time of birth. nativity; birthday; pl. مواليد age classes, age groups (recruitment, etc.) | عيد الميلاد ‘īd al-m. Christmas (Chr.); قبل ميلاد السيد المسيح (sayyid) or only قبل الميلاد before Christ, B.C.; نقصان المواليد nuqṣān al-m. falling birth rate

ميلادي mīlādī birthday- (in compounds); relating to the birth of Christ; after Christ, A.D. | سنة ميلادية (sana) year of the Christian era

توليد taulīd procreation, begetting; generation, producing, production; midwifery, assistance at childbirth, delivery | دار التوليد and مصحة للتوليد (maṣaḥḥa) maternity home; فن التوليد fann at-t. obstetrics, midwifery; معمل (محطة) توليد القوة الكهربائية ma‘mal (maḥaṭṭaṭ) t. al-quwā al-kahrabā’īya electric power station; توليد الهلال “generation of the crescent”, the first appearance of the new moon on the first day of the month

تولد tawallud generation, production

استيلاد istilād generation, production

والد wālid procreator, progenitor; father, parent; الوالدان the parents, father and mother

والدة wālida pl. -āt mother; parturient woman, woman in childbed

والدي wālidī paternal

مولود maulūd produced, born, come into the world; birth; birthday; -- (pl. مواليد mawālīd2) newborn baby, infant; child, son; pl. مواليد creations, novelties, nouveautés | المواليد الثلاثة the three kingdoms of nature

مولد muwallid generating, producing, procreative, generative; procreator, progenitor; obstetrician, accoucheur; -- (pl. -āt) generator (tech.) | O مولد التيار m. at-tayyār or مولد كهربائي (kahrabā’ī) generator, dynamo; O مولد التيار المتناوب m. at-t. al-mutanāwib alternating, current generator, alternator; مولد الحموضة oxygen; مولد الماء hydrogen; مولد ذري (darrī) atomic reactor

مولدة muwallida pl. -āt midwife

مولد muwallad born, begotten, produced, generated; brought up, raised; born and raised among Arabs (but not of pure Arab blood); not truly old Arabic, introduced later into the language, post-classical (esp. of words); half-breed, half-caste, half-blood; (pl. -āt) product; pl. المولدون the postclassical (also, recent) Arab authors

ولدنة waldana childhood; childish trick, puerility

ولس walasa يلس yalisu (wals) to deceive, cheat, dupe (ه s.o.) III to play the hypocrite; to double-cross (ه s.o.); to misrepresent, distort (ب s.th.) IV to misrepresent, distort (ب s.th.)

ولس wals fraud, deceit, deception; cunning, craft, double-dealing, duplicity

موالسة muwālasa fraud, deceit, deception; cunning, craft, double-dealing, duplicity

ولط wall volt (el.)

ولع wali‘a يولع yaula‘u (wala‘, ولوع walū‘) to catch fire, burn; to be dead set (ب on), be mad (ب after), be crazy (ب about), be passionately fond (ب of), be madly in love (ب with); to glow with enthusiasm (ب for), be enthusiastic (ب about) II to kindle, light (هـ s.th.), set fire (هـ to); to make (ه s.o.) crave (ب s.th.), inflame s.o.’s (ه ) desire (ب for), enamor (ب ه s.o. of) IV = II; pass. ūli‘a to be fond, enamored (ب of s.th.), be very devoted, be given (ب to); to be dead set, be hell-bent (ب on); to be in love (ب with) V = I

ولع wala‘ passionate love; ardent desire, craving; passion

ولع wali‘ madly in love

ولوع walū‘ greed, craving, eager desire; love

ولاعة wallā‘a (cigarette) lighter

تولع tawallu‘ passionate love; ardent desire, craving; passion

مولع mūla‘ in love (ب with); dead set, hell-bent (ب on), mad (ب after), crazy (ب about); passionately fond, enamored (ب of s.th.); enthusiastic (ب about), full of enthusiasm (ب for)

ولغ walaga يلغ yalagu (walg, ولوغ wulūg) to lick, lap (esp., of a dog); to defile (في s.o.’s honor) | ولغ في الدم (dam) to taste blood, become bloodthirsty

ولكن wa-lākin, wa-lākinna (the latter with foil. acc. or pers. suffix) but, however, yet

ولم IV to give a banquet

ولم walm, walam saddle girth, cinch

وليمة walīma pl. ولائم walā’im2 banquet

وله walaha, يله yalihu, waliha يوله yaulahu (walah) to lose one’s head, become mad (with love, grief, or the like), be thrown off one’s balance, go off the deep end II and IV to make crazy, throw into utter confusion (ه s.o.), drive (ه s.o.) out of his wits V = I; to be infatuated (ب with)

وله walah distraction, utter confusion, giddiness, hare-brainedness; painful agitation; passionate love, amorous rapture

ولهان walhān2 distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one's wits, giddy, harebrained; passionately in love

توله tawalluh distraction, utter confusion, giddiness, hare-brainedness; infatuation

واله wālih distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one’s wits, giddy, harebrained; grief-stricken, deeply afflicted

متوله mutawallih distracted, confused, bewildered, out of one's wits, giddy, hare-brained

ولو see و

ولول walwala to cry “woo”; to lament, wail, howl, break into loud wails

ولولة walwala pl. ولاول walāwil2 wailing, wails

ولي waliya يلي yalī to be near s.o. or s.th. (ه, هـ ), be close (هـ, ه to), lie next (هـ to); to adjoin (هـ s.th.), be adjacent (هـ to); to follow (هـ, ه s.o., s.th.); to border (هـ on); -- (ولاء walā’, ولاية walāya) to be a friend (ه of s.o.), be friends (ه with); -- (ولاية walāya, wilāya) to be in charge (على or هـ of s.th.), manage, run, administer, govern, rule (على or هـ s.th.), have power, authority, or the command (على or هـ over) | ما يلي the following, what follows; كما يلي as follows, like this; فيما يلي in what follows, in the following, in the sequel; ما يلي البدن من الملابس (badana) the underwear, the underclothes; غرفة تلي السقف (gurfa, saqf) a chamber under the roof; ولى الحكم (ḥukma) to take over the government, come into power II to turn (هـ ه to or toward s.o. s.th., e.g., the back, the face of s.th.); to turn away (عن or ه from s.th.), avoid, shun (عن or ه s.th.); to turn around, turn back, wheel around; to flee (عن or هـ from s.th.); to pass, go by, glide away (days, years); to appoint as manager, director, administrator, governor, or ruler (ه s.o.); to put (ه s.o.) in cbarge (هـ of), make s.o. (ه ) the head of (هـ ); to entrust (هـ ه s.o. with, to s.o. s.th.), commission, charge (هـ ه s.o. with), assign (ه هـ to s.o. s.th.) | ولاه دبره (duburahū) or ولاه ظهره (ẓahrahū) to turn one’s back on s.o. or s.th.; ولوا عنه الأدبار they turned their backs on him, they turned away from him; ولى هاربا (hāriban) to wake to flight, run away; ولى وجهه (wajhahū) to turn, face (هـ toward) III to be a friend. a helper, a supporter, a patron, a protector; to help, aid, assist (ه s.o.); to do constantly, incessantly (هـ s.th.); to continue without interruption (هـ s.th., to do s.th.). go about s.th. (هـ ) successively, systematically; to pursue, practice, cultivate (هـ s.th., e.g., arts); to follow immediately (هـ s.th.; time), be subsequent (هـ to) IV to bring close (هـ ه to s.o. a.th.); to turn (هـ ه toward s.o. one’s back. or the like); to commit (هـ ه to s.o. the care or responsibility for), entrust, commission, charge (هـ ه s.o. with); to do, render (هـ ه s.o. a favor); to do (هـ ه to s.o. s.th. harmful), bring (ه هـ upon s.o. s.th.); to display, evince (هـ ه toward. s.o. s.th., e.g., indifference) | اولاه ثقته (tiqatahū) to have confidence in s.o.; اولاه معروفا to do s.o. a favor V to occupy, fill, hold (هـ an office), be entrusted (هـ with), be in charge (هـ of); to take possession, take charge (هـ of), take over, take upon o.s., undertake, take in hand (هـ an affair), attend (هـ to); to take care (هـ of), see (هـ to s.th.), arrange (هـ for s.th.); to assume the responsibility (هـ for), seize control (هـ of); to take over the government, come into power; to turn away, desist, refrain (عن from), forgo (عن s.th.) | توالى الحكم (ḥukma) to be in power, hold supreme power; to seize power; تولاه اليأس (ya’su) he was seized (or overcome) by despair VI to follow in succession, without interruption; to come continually (على to), arrive constantly (على at); to progress, continue (e.g., an advance, a march) X to possess o.s., take possession (على of), seize (على s.th.), make 0.s. muter or (على ); to receive as one’s own, take over, capture, confiscate, requisition, occupy (على s.th.); to overpower, overwhelm, overcome (على s.o.); to take prisoner, capture (على s.o.)

ولى walīy near, nearby; neighboring, adjacent; close; -- (pl. اولياء auliyā’2) helper, supporter, benefactor, sponsor; friend, close associate; relative; patron, protector; legal guardian. curator, tutor; a man close to God, holy man, saint (in the popular religion of Islam); master; proprietor, possessor, owner | ولي الله the friend of God; ولي الأمر w. al-a. the responsible manager, the man in charge; ruler; tutor, legal guardian; ولي w. ad-dam avenger of blood, executor of a blood feud; ولي السجادة w. as-sajāda title of the leader of a Sufi order in his capacity of inheritor of the founder’s prayer rug; ولي العهد w. al-‘ahd successor to the throne, heir apparent, crown prince; ولي النعمة w. an-ni‘ma benefactor

ولية walīya holy woman, saint; woman, lady

ولاء walā’ friendship, amity; benevolence, good will; fidelity, fealty, allegiance; devotion, loyalty; clientage (Isl. Law) | معاهدة الولاء mu‘āhadat w. treaty of friendship

ولائي walā’ī friendly, amicable, of friendship

ولاية wilāya sovereign power, sovereignty; rule, government; -- (pl. -āt) administrative district headed by a vali, vilayet (formerly, under the Ottoman Empire), province; state | الولايات المتحدة (muttaḥida) the United States; ولاية العهد w. al-‘ahd succession to the throne; -- walāya guardianship, curatorship; legal power; friendship | هم على ولاية واحدة they stick together, they assist each other

اولى aulā more entitled (ب to); worthier, more deserving; more appropriate, better suited (ب for), more suitable, more adequate (ب to); see also under اول | بالأولى or من باب الأولى with greater reason, all the more reason, the more so; هي أولى به منه it is more natural for her than for him, it is for her rather than for him, she is more entitled to it than he is

أولوية aulawīya priority; precedence

مولى maulan pl. موال mawālin master, lord; protector, patron; client; charge; mend, companion, associate; المولى the Lord, God; مولاى maulāya and مولانا maulānā form of address to a sovereign

مولاة maulāh mistress, lady

مولوى maulawī pl. īya a dervish of the order of Maula Jalāl-ud-din Rumi

مواليا mawāliyā see2 موال mawwāl

تولية tauliya appointment (as vali, to an executive position, as successor); resale at cost price (Isl. Law)

ولاء wilā’ succession, sequence, series, continuation; ولاء wilā’an or على ولاء successively, uninterruptedly

موالاة muwālāh friendship; contract of clientage (Isl. Law); constancy, incessancy, continuance (of an action)

ايلاء īlā’ annulment of a marriage after the husband’s sworn testimony to have refrained from marital intercourse for a period of at least four months (Isl. Law)

تول tawallin entrance office, taking over of an office to management, direction, administration, government

توال tawālin continuous succession, uninterrupted sequence, continuation | على التوالي continuously, without interruption; successively, consecutively, one after the other, one by one; على توالي الأيام (t. l-ayyām) in the course of time; بتولي السنين bi-t. s-sinīn with the years, in time, as time goes on

استيلاء istīlā’ appropriation; seizure, taking possession; capture, conquest

وال wālin pl. ولاة wulāh leading, managing, executive, administrative; ruler; governor, vali; prefect (administrative officer, Mor.) | ولاة الأمور the leading personalities, the leaders

موال muwālin mend, helper, supporter; client, feudal tenant, vassal, dependent, partisan, follower, adherent

موالية muwāliya clientage, clientele, following, adherence

متوال mutawālin entrusted, commissioned, in charge | متولي الأعمال (ir.) chargé d’affaires

متوال mutawālin successive, consecutive, uninterrupted, incessant; -- (pl. متاولة matāwila) member of the Shiite sect of Metualis in Syria

ومأ IV to motion, signal, beckon, make a sign; to point out, indicate (الى s.th.), point (الى to); to make a gesture

ايماء īmā’ mimic action, gestures, gesticulations | فن الإيماء fann al-ī. pantomime, dumb show (as an art); إيماء الى īmā’an ilā with reference to

إيماءة imā’a pl. -āt gesture; nod

مومأ mūma’: المومأ اليه the one referred to, the above-mentioned

ومد wamid sultry, muggy

ومس wamasa يمس yamisu (wams) to rub off; to smooth, polish (ب هـ s.th. with)

مومس mūmis and مومسة mūmisa pl. –āt prostitute

ومض wamaḍa يمض yamiḍu (wamḍ, وميض wamīḍ, ومضان wamaḍān) to flash IV to glance furtively; to wink (ه at s.o.)

ومضة wamḍa (n. vic.) pl. -āt blink, blinking; gleam of light; reflection of light

وميض wamīḍ blinking, sparkle, twinkle

ومق wamiqa يمق yamiqu (wamq) to love tenderly (ه s.o.)

موماة maumāh, موماء maumā’ pl. موام mawāmin desert

ون wanna i (wann) to buzz, hum (bee)

الوندل al-wandal the Vandals

ونش (Engl. winch) winš pl. -āt, أوناش aunāš winch; crane, derrick | ونش دوار (dawwār) derrick crane; ونش عائم floating crane; ونش باليد (yad) hand winch

ونى wanā يني yanī, waniya يونى yaunā (ونى wany, wanan, wanīy, وناء winā’) to be or become faint, weak, tired, dispirited, despondent, sapless, effete, lose vigor, flag, languish | لا يني (with foll. imperf.) not to tire (of doing s.th.); بهمة لا تني bi-himmatin lā tani with unflagging zeal II to be slow, slack, lax, negligent, remiss (في in some work) VI to flag, languish, relax, slacken; to be or become slack, limp, flabby; to hesitate, waver, temporize (في in), wait (في with)

ونى wanan slackening, relaxation; slackness; weakness, languor, lassitude

وناء wanā’ slackening, relaxation; slackness; weakness, languor, lassitude

توان tawānin tiring, flagging; slowness; flabbiness, limpness; negligence, indifference

وان wānin weak, feeble, spent, exhausted | غير وان unremitting, untiring, unflagging

متوان mutawānin weak, languid, slack, limp, flabby; negligent, remiss, slow, tardy

وهب wahaba يهب yahabu (wahb) to give, donate (ل or ه هـ s.th. to s.o.); to grant, accord (ل or هـ ه s.th. to s.o.); to present (ل or هـ ه with s.th. s.o.); to endow (ل or ه s.o., هـ with) | وهبته من ذات نفسها she gave herself unreservedly to him; هب hab suppose that ..., assuming that ...; هبني فعلت habnī fa’altu suppose I had done it; هبني – هبني (with foll. acc.) suppose I were -- or I were; ولنهب (wal-nahab) let us suppose that ...

هبة hiba pl. -āt gift, present, donation, grant | عقد الهبة ‘aqd al-h. deed of gift

وهبة wahba tip, gratuity

وهابي wahhābī Wahabite; Wahabi

الوهابية al-wahhābīya Wahabiism

موهبة mauhiba pl. مواهب mawtāhib2 gift; talent

ايهاب īhāb donation, grant(ing)

واهب wāhib giver, donor

موهوب mauhūb given, granted; gifted; talented; موهوب له recipient of a gift or grant, donée

وهج wahaja يهج yahiju (wahj, وهجان wahajān) to glow, burn, blaze, flame; to be incandescent; to gleam, glitter, glisten IV to light, kindle (هـ the fire) V to glow, burn, blaze, flame; to be incandescent; to gleam, glitter, glisten; to flicker (eyes)

وهج wahaj blaze, fire; white heat, incandescence; glare of the sun

وهاج wahhāj glowing; white-hot, incandescent; blazing; sparkling, flashing; brilliant, radiant | نور وهاج (nūr) glaring light; ذهب وهاج (dahab) glittering gold

وهيج wahīj blaze, fire; white heat, incandescence; glare of the sun

وهجان wahajān fire, blaze; glow

وهد II to level, even, prepare (هـ ل s.th. for)

وهد wahd lowland, low ground, depression

وهدة wahda pl. وهاد wihād, وهد wuhad depression, lowland; abyss, precipice, chasm, deep pit, gorge, ravine; lowness, low level (of morals)

اوهد auhad2 low, depressed, low-lying (land)

وهر wahara يهر yahiru (wahr) to involve in difficulties (ه s.o.); to frighten, scare (ه s.o.) II do.; to put out, disconcert, confuse (ه s.o.)

وهرة wahra terror, fright, fear, alarm, dismay, consternation

وهران wahrān2 Oran (seaport in NW Algeria)

وهق wahq, wahaq pl. اوهاق awhāq lasso

وهل wahila يوهل yauhalu (wahal) to be frightened, appalled, dismayed; to take alarm II to frighten, scare, intimidate, cow (ه s.o.), strike terror to s.o.’s heart (ه )

وهل wahal terror, fright, fear, alarm, dismay, consternation

وهلة wahla fright, terror; moment, instant | لأول وهلة li-awwali wahlatin at first sight; right away, at once; في الوهلة الأولى (ūlā) at first, first off

وهم wahama يهم yahimu (wahm) to imagine, fancy, think, believe, suppose, presume, guess, surmise; to misconstrue, misinterpret (في s.th.), have a wrong idea or notion (في of); -- wahima يوهم yauhamu (waham) to make a mistake, be mistaken (في in, about) II and IV to instill a delusion, a prejudice, a groundless fear (ه in s.o.); to make (ه s.o.) believe (ان that), make as if V to have a presentiment (هـ of), suspect, presume, imagine (ه the existence of), be under the delusion (هـ of); to think, believe (هـ هـ s.th. to he s.th. else), regard (هـ هـ s.th. as), take (هـ هـ s.th. for) VIII اتهم ittahama to suspect (ه s.o.); to question, doubt (هـ a fact), have doubts (هـ about); to charge (ب ه s.o. with), impute (ب ه to s.o. s.th.), suspect, accuse (ب ه s.o. of), indict (ب ه s.o. for)

تهمة tuhma accusation, charge; suspicion; insinuation

وهم wahm pl. اوهام auhām delusive imagination, erroneous impression, fancy, delusion; belief, guess, surmise, conjecture; imagination; bias, prejudice; error; self-deception, self-delusion; illusion; suspicion, misgiving, doubt; foreboding, evil presentiment

وهمي wahmī thought, believed, imagined, fancied; imaginary; seeming, apparent; presumed, supposed, hypothetical; delusive | امراض نفسية ووهمية (nafsīya, wahmīya) emotional disturbances, psychic disorders

وهمية wahmiya chimera, phantom, delusion; guess. surmise, conjecture, supposition, belief; imaginative power, imagination

ايهام īhām pl. -āt deception, deceit, fraud, imposition; misleading, delusion; suggestion | رفع الإيهام raf‘ al-ī. Rectification, correction

توهم tawahhum suspicion; imaginative power; imagination

اتهام ittihām suspecting; accusation, charge; indictment | دائرة الاتهام the prosecuting authority, the prosecution; قرارلا اتهام qarār al-itt. information (jur.); ورقة الاتهام waraqat al-itt. bill of indictment

اتهامية ittihāmīya (jur.) indictment | هيئة الاتهامية hai’at al-itt. the prosecuting authority, the prosecution

واهمة wāhima fantasy, imagination, imaginative power

موهوم mauhūm fancied, imagined, imaginary; fantastic

متهم muttahim accuser; indictor; prosecutor

متهم muttaham suspected, suspicious; accused, charged; indicted; defendant | متهم المنظر m. al-manẓar auspicious-looking

وهن wahana, wahina يهن yahinu, wahuna يوهن yauhunu (wahn, wahan) to be weak, feeble, lack the strength (في for), be incapable (في of); to grow feeble, languish, flag; to loose vigor or courage | لا يهن untiring, unflagging, inexhaustible II to weaken, enfeeble (ه s.o.), sap the strength (ه of so.); to discourage, dishearten, wear down, unnerve (ه s.o.); to deem or declare (هـ s.th.) weak IV to weaken (ه s.o.); to discourage (ه s.o.)

وهن wahn weak, feeble

وهن wahn, wahan weakness, feebleness, saplessness

وهين wahīn foreman, overseer

موهن mauhin deep of the night

واهن wāhin pl. وهن wuhun weak, feeble; weakened, debilitated; enervated, unnerved; sapless, effete, spent, dispirited, despondent

1 وهى wahā يهي yahī (wahy), wahiya (wahan) to be weak, feeble, frail, fragile IV to weaken, sap (هـ, من s.th.)

واه wāhin pl. وهاة wuhāh weak, feeble; thin; frail, fragile, brittle, friable; flimsy; unsubstantial, inessential, insignificant, trivial; untenable, unfounded, baseless, groundless (excuse, argument)

2 واه , واها look up alphabetically

وي wai woe! shame!

ويبة waiba pl. -āt whiba, a dry measure (Eg. = 33 l)

1 ويح waiḥa (with foll. genit. or pers. suffix) alas ...! woe unto ...! (expressing regret, disapproval); ويحك waiḥaka woe unto you! ويحا ل waiḥan li woe to ...!

2 واحة wāḥa pl. -āt oasis

ويركو (Turk. vergi) wērkō tribute formerly paid by Egypt to the Sultan; excise tax;

(Pal.) real-estate tax

ويسكى wiskī whiskey

1 ويك waika (= wailaka) woe unto you!

2 ويكة (eg.) wēka = باميا bāmiya okra, gumbo (Abelmoschus esculentus; bot.)

ويل wail affliction, distress, woe; (with ل or ويل waila with pers. suffix) woe! ويل لك wailun laka or ويلك wailaka woe unto you!

ويله waila pl. -āt calamity, disaster, distress, affliction, woe, misfortune, adversity

ي

يا yā (vocative and exclamatory particle) O, oh | يا حسرتي (ḥasratī) oh, my misfortune! يا سلام (salām) good Lord! good heavens! oh dear! يا طالما (ṭalamā) how often ...; how many times ...! يا للتعس ويا للشقاء yā la-t-ta‘si wa-yā la-š-šaqā’ oh, what a calamity! يا له من رجل (rajulin) oh, what a man! يا ما how much! how many! how often I how many times! يا لله من (lillāhi) what a calamity is ...! how unfortunate is ...! يا ترى see رأى

ياء yā’ name of the letter ي

اليابان al-yābān Japan

ياباني yābānī Japanese; (pl. -ūn) a Japanese

ياردة yarda pl. -āt yard (measure of length)

يازرجة yāzirja astrology

يازرجي yāzirjī pl. -īya astrologer

يئس ya’isa a i (يأس ya’s, يآسة ya’āsa) to renounce, forgo (من s.th.); to give up all hope (من of) IV to make (ه s.o.) renounce or forgo; to deprive of hope (ه s.o.) X = I

يأس ya’s renunciation, resignation; hopelessness, desperation | سن اليأس sinn al-y. the climacteric

يؤوس ya’ūs in despair, despairing; hopeless, desperate

يئس ya’is hopeless, desperate (person)

ميؤوس mai’ūs: ميؤوس منه lost, desperate (cause)

مستيئس mustai’is hopeless, desperate, (person)

ياسمين yāsamīn jasmine (bot.)

ياسنت yāsint hyacinth (bot.)

ياطاش yāṭāš: خدمة بالياطاش kidma bi-l-y. (tun.) piecework, jobwork

يافا yāfā Jaffa (seaport in SW Palestine)

يافطة yafṭa, yāfiṭa sign, signboard, plaque, name plate, doorplate

ياقة yāqa pl. -āt collar

ياقوت yāqūt (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. يواقيت yawāqīt2 hyacinth (bot.); hyacinth, sapphire | ياقوت احمر (aḥmar) ruby; ياقوت احضر (akdar) green corundum; ياقوت جمري (jamrī) carbuncle

ياميش yāmīš dried fruits

يانسون yānisūn anise, aniseed

ياور yāwir pl. -īya adjutant, aide-de-camp

ياى yāy pl. -āt spring, spiral spring

يباب yabāb devastated, waste

يبس yabisa a (yabs, yubs) to be or become dry, to dry II and IV to make dry, to dry (هـ s.th.)

يبس yabs, yubs, yabas dryness

يبس yabs, yabis dried, dried out, desiccated, arid; اليبس al-yabs the dry land, land, terra firma

يبوسة yubūsa dryness (also fig., e.g., of writing or speech style)

يابس yābis dry, dried out, desiccated, arid; rigid, hard, firm, compact; اليابسة al-yābisa land, terra firma

يتم yatama i, yatuma u and yatima II to be or become an orphan, be bereaved of one’s parents IV to orphan, deprive of his parents (ه s.o.) V = I

يتم yatm, yutm, yatam orphanhood

يتيم yatīm pl. ايتام aitām, يتامى yatāmā orphan; unique of its kind, unequaled, unmatched, incomparable; -- yatīm f. ة single, sole, one only, isolated | ملجأ الأيتام malja’ al-a. and دار الأيتام orphanage

ميتم maitam pl. مياتم mayātim2 orphanage

ميتم muyattam orphaned, parentless; orphan

يثرب yatrib2 original name of Medina

يحبور see حبر

ميحار mīḥār mace, scepter; crosier; bat, mallet

يحمور yaḥmūr see حمر

يحيى yaḥyā John

يخت yakt pl. يخوت yukūt yacht

يخضور see خضر

يخنة yakna and يخنى yaknī a kind of ragout

يد yad f., pl. ايد aidin, اياد ayādin hand; foreleg; handle; power, control, influenoe, authority; assistance, help, aid; (Isl. Law) (personal) possession, actual control; benefit; favor | l. With prepositions: يدا بيد yadan bi-yadin personal(ly), from hand to hand; بين يدي (yadai) in front of; بين يديه in front of him; in his presence; in his power; بأيدينا bi-aidīnā or بين ايدينا at our disposal; الكلام بين ايديكم (kalāmu) you have the floor, you may speak; ما بين ايدينا من what … are before us or present themselves to us; تحت اليد on hand, handy, available; تحت يده under his authority, in his power; على يد pl. على ايدي (with foll. genit.) at the hand(s) of; على يده or عن يده with his help, through his good offices; على ايدي الناس with the help of other people; at the hands of other people; في اليد in hand, on hand, availahle; -- 2. Construct forms: يد الجوزاء y. al-jauzā’ a bright star in Orion; لا افعله يد الدهر (yada d-dahr) I shall never do it; يد المظلة y. al-miẓalla umbrella handle; يد النكاح conjugal authority (Isl. Law); ذو اليد powerful, influential; holder of actual control, possessor (Isl. Law); ساعة اليد wrist watch; سبط اليدين sabiṭ al-y. liberal, openhanded, generous; شنطة اليد šanṭat al-y. handbag; شغل اليد šugl al-y. or عمل اليد ‘amal al-y. manual work; handwork; صفاد اليد handcuff; صفر اليدين ṣifr al-y. empty-handed; عربة اليد ‘arabat al-y. handcart; قنبلة اليد qunbulat al-y. hand grenade; -- 3. Other phrases: يد بيضاء pl. اياد بيضاء benefit, favor; skill, competence, capability, qualification, achievement; له يد بيضاء في to be skilled, versed, experienced in; to have the upper hand in; يد مبطلة (mubṭila) unrightful possession (Isl. Law); يد محقة (muḥiqqa) rightful possession (Isl. Law); بقي مكتوف الأيدي امام (baqiya) to stand helpless before ...; دق يدا بيد (daqqa) to clap one’s bands; ذهبوا ايدي (ايادي) سبا dahabū aidiya (ayādiya) sabā to be scattered in all directions; اسدى اليه يدا (asdā) to do s.o. a favor; سقط في يده (suqiṭa) to stand aghast, be embarrassed, be bewildered; اسقط في يده (usqiṭa) do.; شد يده على (šadda yadahū) to cling to s.th.; مشغول باليد or مصنوع باليد handmade; طلب يد المرأة (yada l-mar’a) to propose to a woman, ask her hand in marriage; اعطاه شيئا عن ظهر يد a‘ṭāhu ‘an ẓahri yadin to give s.o. s.th. for nothing, give s.o. s.th. as a present; اليد العاملة labor force, labor; الأيدي العاملة man power, labor, workmen, hands; قدمه باليد (qaddamahū) to band s.th. over personally, deliver s.th. in person; له عندي يد I am obliged to him (or a favor; له يد في he has a hand in ...; له اليد الطولى في (ṭūlā) to be powerful in, have decisive issuance on; له عند الناس يد he has great influence on other people, he can accomplish a great deal with other people;ما لي بذلك يدان that is not in my power; مد يد المساعدة (or العون or المعونة ) madda yada l-musā‘ada (l-ma‘ūna, l-‘aun) to extend one’s help, lend a helping hand; هم يد واحد علي (‘alayya) they are in league against me; وضع يده على (yadahū) to take possession of; يده قصيرة he is incapable, his powers are limited

يدوي yadawī manual; hand- (in compounds) | شغل يدوي (šugl) or عمل يدوي (‘amal) manual work; handwork; صناعة يدوية handicraft; طراز يدوي hand-operated model (of an apparatus); العملة اليدويون (‘amala) the manual workers, labor

يربوع yarbū‘ pl. يرابيع yarābī‘2 jerboa (zool.)

ياردة look up alphabetically

يرع yari‘a a (yara‘) to be a coward, be chickenhearted

يراع yarā‘ cowardly; -- (coll.; n. un. ة ) glowworm, firefly; cane, reed; reed pen

يرقان yaraqān a plant disease, mildew; jaundice; (coll.; n. un. ة ) larvae (zool.) | يرقان الضفادع tadpoles

ميروق mairūq affected by mildew, mildewy; jaundiced

اليرموك al-yarmūk Yarmuk river (in NW Jordan)

يزيدي yazīdī Yazidi, belonging to the Yazidi sect

اليزيدية al-yazīdīya the religion of the Yazidis; the Yazidia or Devil Worshipers (of Kurdistan)

يزرجة yazrija astrology

يزكي yazakī pl. يزك yazak guard, sentry

يازول yāzūl a variety of wild garlic (Allium roseum L., bot.)

يسر yasira a (yasar) to be or become easy; -- yasura u (yusr) to be small, little, insignificant; to be or become easy II to level, smoothen, pave, prepare (على هـ for s.o., s.th.); to ease, make easy, facilitate (هـ على for s.o. s.th.) | يسر السبيل امامه ل to pave the way for s.o. to ..., enable s.o. to (do s.th.) III to be lenient, indulgent, obliging, complaisant (ه with s.o.), humor (ه s.o.) IV to live in easy circumstances; to be or become rich; to be lucky, fortunate; to have an easy confinement (woman) V to become easy; to be made easy, be facilitated; to succeed, turn out successful; to thrive, prosper; to be made possible, be possible (ل for s.o.) X to be easy; to succeed, be successful

يسر yusr ease, easiness, facility ; easy, pleasant circumstances; prosperity, affluence, wealth, abundance, luxury

يسرة yasra left aside

يسار yasār ease, easiness, facility; comfort; prosperity, affluence, wealth, abundance, luxury; left hand; left side | يسارا or عن اليسار to (at, on) the left

يساري yasārī leftist, left-wing (pol.)

يسرى yusrā pl. يسريات yusrayāt left side; اليسرى the left hand

يسير yasīr easy (على for); small, little, slight, insignificant, (of time) short; plain, homely; simple, uncomplicated

ايسر aisar2 easier; smaller, lesser, slighter; more insignificant; more prosperous, wealthier; left; left-handed; left-sided

ميسر maisir an ancient Arabian game of chance (forbidden by the Koran) played with arrows without heads and feathering, for stakes of slaughtered and quartered camels

ميسرة maisara pl. مياسر mayāsir2 left side; left wing (of an army)

ميسرة maisara, maisura, maisira ease, comfort; prosperity, affluence, wealth, abundance, luxury

تيسير taisīr facilitation

ميسور maisūr pl. مياسير mayāsīr2 easily done, easily accomplished, within easy reach y to carry out, feasible without difficulty; easy; successful, fortunate, lucky; prosperous, well-to-do, in easy circumstances

ميسر muyassar facilitated, made easy, within easy reach; successful, fortunate, lucky; prosperous, well-to-do, wealthy, rich

موسر mūsar pl. -ūn, مياسير mayāsīr2 prosperous, well-to-do, wealthy, rich

متيسر mutayassir facilitated, made easy; easy; within easy reach; on hand, available; taking a smooth and successful course, going smoothly; successful, fortunate, prosperous, well-to-do | متيسر well off, in easy circumstances

يسقجي yasaqjī kavass, consular guard, armed attendant

يسمين yasmīn jasmine

يسوع yasū’2 Jesus

يسوعي yasū’ī Jesuitic(al); (pl. -ūn) Jesuit

يشب yašb jasper

يشم yašm jade

يشمق yašmak and يشمك yašmak (Turk. yaşmak) face veil worn by women

يصب yaṣb and يصف yaṣf jasper

ياطاش look up alphabetically

يعبوب ya’būb see عب

يعسوب ya’sūb see عسب

يعقوب ya’qūb Jacob, James; see also عقب

يعقوبي ya’qūbī pl. يعاقبة ya’āqiba Jacobite; Jacobitic (Chr.)

يافوخ yāfūk pl. يوافيخ yawāfīk2 vertex, crown of the head

يفطة yafṭa (= يافطة ) sign, signboard, plaque, name plate, doorplate

يفع yafa’a a (yaf’) to reach adolescence; to be at the age of puberty IV and V do.

يفع yaf’ adolescence; puberty

يفع yafa’ hill, range, highland; -- (pl. ايفاع aifā’) boy at the age of puberty, adolescent, youth, teen-ager, juvenile

يافوت look up alphabetically

يقطين see قطن

يقظ yaqiẓa a (yaqaẓ) and yaquẓa u (يقاظة yaqāẓa) to be awake; to wake; to be on one’s guard, be wary, watchful, alert, vigilant II and IV to wake up (ه s.o.); to awaken, arouse, stir up, provoke (هـ s.th.); to warn, alert, put on his guard (ه s.o.) V to be awake; to be vigilant, watchful, alert, on one’s guard X to wake up, awaken, be awakened, be roused from sleep (على by); to have o.s. awakened, ask to be wakened; to be awake; to be watchful, vigilant, alert

يقظ yaquz, yaqiz pl. ايقاظ aiqāẓ awake; watchful, vigilant, alert, wary, cautious

يقظة yaqẓa, yaqaẓa waking, wakefulness; sleeplessness, insomnia; watchfulness, vigilance; wariness, caution; alertness, keenness of the mind

يقظان yaqẓān2, f. يقظى yaqẓā pl. يقاظى yaqāzā awake; attentive, alert; wary,

cautious; watchful. vigilant | ابو اليقظان rooster, cook

ايقاظ īqāẓ awaking, reveille

تيقظ tayaqquẓ wakefulness; watchfulness, vigilance, alertness, wariness, caution

متيقظ mutayaqqiẓ awake; watchful, vigilant, wary, cautious; alert, attentive

مستيقظ mustaiqiẓ awake

يقن yaqina a (yaqn, yaqan) to be sure, certain; to know for certain (ب or هـ s.th.), be sure, be certain, be convinced (ب or هـ of) IV, V and X to ascertain (ب or هـ s.th.), make sure (ب or هـ of s.th.); to know for certain (ب or هـ s.th.), be sure, be certain, be convinced (ب or هـ of)

يقن yaqn, yaqan certainty, certitude

يقن yaqan, yaqun, yaqin and يقنة yaqana credulous, ingenuous, unsuspecting

يقين yaqīn certainty, certitude (ب about), conviction (ب of) | يقينا certainly, surely, positively; انا على يقين من ان or انا على يقين ان I am convinced, I am positive, I am certain that ...; كونوا على يقين you can be sure; حق اليقين ḥaqq al-y. absolute certainty

يقيني yaqīnī definitely laid down, positive, absolute, indisputable; يقينيات yaqīnīyāt established truths, axioms

ميقان mīqān credulous

موقن mūqin convinced (ب of); certain, sure (ب of)

متيقن mutayaqqin convinced, positive, sure, certain

اليكون see كون

يمّ II to betake o.s., repair, resort, go, turn, wend one’s way (هـ or صوب ṣauba, نحو naḥwa or شطر šaṭra to or toward a place), set out, head, be headed (هـ, صوب, نحو, شطر for); to direct, turn (هـ s.th.) | يمم في فم البركان (fami l-burkān) to venture into the lion’s den; يمم وجهه شطر (wajhahū šaṭra) to turn or face toward V to betake o.s., repair, resort, turn (هـ to), make, head (هـ for); to aim (هـ at), intend (هـ s.th.)

يم yamm pl. يموم yumūm open sea; (syr.) side | من يمي from my side, on my part

يمام yamām (coll.; n. un. ة ) pl. -āt, (يمائم yamā’im2 pigeon, dove

يمن yamana u, yamina a, yamuna u (yumn, ميمنة maimana) to be lucky, fortunate II to go to the right V to see a good omen (ب in) X do.

يمن yumn good luck, good fortune, prosperity, success

يمن yaman and يمنة yamna right side or hand; يمنا to (at, on) the right; يمنة yamnatan do. | شاما ويمنا to the north and south; يمنة ويسرة (yasratan) to the right and left

اليمن al-yaman Yemen

يمنى yamanī from Yemen, Yemenite

يمين yamīn f. pl. ايمان aiman right side; right hand | يمينا or عن اليمين to (at, on) the right; يمينا وشمالا to the right and left; ما ملكت (تملك) يمينه ma malakat (tamliku) yamīnuhū his possessions

يمين yamīn f., pl. ايمن aimun, ايمان aimān oath | يمين الأمانة y. al-amāna oath of allegiance; يمين الصبر y. aṣ-ṣabr perjury; يمين قانونية (qānūnīya) oath of office, official oath; يمين كاذبة perjury; يمين الولاء والإخلاص y. al-walā’ wa-l-iklāṣ oath of allegiance; ايمن الله aimunu llāhi and ايم الله aimu llāhi I swear by God!

يميني yamīnī of or pertaining to the right side, right-hand, right; O اليمينيون the right-wing parties

يمنى yumnā pl. يمنيات yumnayāt right hand; right side

ايمن I aiman, f. يمنى yumnā right-hand, right, on the right; lucky

ميمنة maimana pl. ميامن mayāmin2 right side; right wing (of an army)

تيمن tayammun auspiciousness, good augury, good omen

ميمون maimūn pl. ميامن mayāmin fortunate, lucky; blessed; monkey | ميمون الطائر favorable, auspicious; على الطائر الميمون happy journey! Godspeed!

ميمن muyamman lucky, auspicious

يناير yanāyir2, ينائر yanā’ir2 January

ينبوع yanbū‘ see نبع

ينسون yansūn (= يانسون ) anise, aniseed

ينع yana‘a a i (yan‘, yun‘, ينوع yunū‘) to become ripe, ripen, mellow IV do.

ينيع yanī‘ ripe, mellow

ايناع īnā‘ ripening, mellowing

يانع yāni‘ pl. ينع yan‘ ripe, mellow

اليهود al-yahūd the Jews, Jewry

يهودي yahūdī Jewish; Jew

يهودية yahūdīya Judaism

يوبيل yūlbīl jubilee

يوحنا yūḥannā John | يوحنا الصابغ John the Baptist

يود yūd iodine

ياور look up alphabetically

يورانيوم yūrāniyum uranium

يوزباشي yuzbašī pl. -īya captain, battery commander; (as a naval rank) lieutenant (formerly, Eg.)

يوسف yūsuf Joseph; (eg., sur.) يوف افندي y. afandī (coll.) tangerines

يوسفي yūsufī (eg.) tangerines

يوطنة (from Fr. lieutenant; tun.) yūṭana) lieutenant

يوغسلافيا yūgōslāviyī Yugoslavia

يوغوسلافي yūgōslāvī Yugoslavian

يافة look up alphabetically

يوليو yūliyō and يوليه yūliya July

يوم III to hire by the day (ه s.o.)

يوم yaum pl. ايام ayyām day; pl. also: age, era, time | اليوم al-yauma today; يوم yauma on the day when ...; ايام ayyāma in the days of, during; اياما ayyāman for a few days; ايامه ayyāmahū his lifetime, his life يومها yaumahā then, at that time, that day; يوما or يوم ما sometime, some day, one of these days; ذات يوم data yaumin one day, once; يوما يوما or يوما فيوما or يوما بعد يوم or يوما عن يوم day by day, day after day, from day to day; بعد اليوم from today on, starting today; في يومنا هذا nowadays, these days; في يوم وليلة (laila) overnight, from one day to the other; كل يوم kulla yaumin daily, every day; من يوم الى يوم or من يوم ليوم from one day to the other, from day to day; من يومه from that time on, henceforth; right away; منذ اليوم from now on, as of now, henceforth; من ايام a few days ago; for the put few days; بعد ذلك بأيام a few days after that; -- يوم الأحد y. al-aḥad Sunday; يوم الإثنين y. al-itnain Monday; يوم الثلثاء y. at-talātā’ Tuesday; يوم الأربعاء y. al-arbi‘ā’ Wednesday; يوم الخميس y. al-kamīs Thursday; يوم الجمعة y. al-jum‘a Friday; يوم السبت Saturday; -- يوم اسود black day, unlucky day; يوم الاشتغال workday; يوم ايوم (aiwam) a bad day; يوم الدين y. Ad-dīn the Day of Judgment; يوم رأس السنة y. ra’s as-sana New Year’s Day; يوم عطلة y. ‘uṭla day off, free day, holiday; ابن اليوم ibn al-y. man of today, modern man; ابن يومه of one day, short-lived, passing, ephemeral; ابن الأيام a man of the world, a sophisticated man; على توالى الأيام (tawālī l-a.) in the course of time, in time

يومئذ yauma’idin (on) that day, then, at that time

يومذاك yaumadāka (on) that day, then

يومي yaumī daily; by the day; يومي daily, every day; يوميات everyday events; everyday chronicle; daily news | جريدة يومية daily newspaper

يومية yaumīya daily wages, a day’s wages; daily ration; a day’s work, daily task; diary, journal; daybook; calendar

مياومة muyāwama work by the day, day labor; muyāwamatan daily, by the day, per day, per diem | عامل مياومة day laborer, hired man

اليونان al-yūnān the Greeks; Greece

يوناني yūnānī Greek; (pl. -ūn) a Greek

يونانية yūnānīya Grecism; Greek language

يونس yūnus Jonah

اليونسكو al-yūnēskō, هيئة اليونسكو hai’at al-y. UNESCO, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

يونوسفير yonosfēr ionosphere (radio)

يونيو yūniyō and يوية yūniya June

www.alhassanain.org/english